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table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style><table class="infobox" style="width: 16em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background: #f2f2ce;">Creaky voice</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;"><span style="font-size: 5em; line-height: 1.2em; vertical-align: super; font-weight: normal;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">◌̰</span></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;">Encoding</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Entity <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(decimal)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><code>&#816;</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unicode <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(hex)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">U+0330</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Linguistics" title="Linguistics">linguistics</a>, <b>creaky voice</b> (sometimes called <b>laryngealisation</b>, <b>pulse phonation</b>, <b><a href="/wiki/Vocal_fry_register" title="Vocal fry register">vocal fry</a></b>, or <b>glottal fry</b>) refers to a low, scratchy sound that occupies the vocal range below the common vocal register. It is a special kind of <a href="/wiki/Phonation" title="Phonation">phonation</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in which the <a href="/wiki/Arytenoid_cartilage" title="Arytenoid cartilage">arytenoid cartilages</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Larynx" title="Larynx">larynx</a> are drawn together; as a result, the <a href="/wiki/Vocal_folds" class="mw-redirect" title="Vocal folds">vocal folds</a> are compressed rather tightly, becoming relatively slack and compact. They normally vibrate irregularly at 20–50 pulses per second, about two octaves below the frequency of <a href="/wiki/Modal_voice" title="Modal voice">modal voicing</a>, and the airflow through the <a href="/wiki/Glottis" title="Glottis">glottis</a> is very slow. Although creaky voice may occur with very low <a href="/wiki/Pitch_(music)" title="Pitch (music)">pitch</a>, as at the end of a long <a href="/wiki/Intonation_unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Intonation unit">intonation unit</a>, it can also occur with a higher pitch.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All contribute to make a speaker's voice sound creaky or raspy. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="3" data-mwtitle="Vocal-Fry-May-Undermine-the-Success-of-Young-Women-in-the-Labor-Market-pone.0097506.s005.oga" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Vocal-Fry-May-Undermine-the-Success-of-Young-Women-in-the-Labor-Market-pone.0097506.s005.oga"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Vocal-Fry-May-Undermine-the-Success-of-Young-Women-in-the-Labor-Market-pone.0097506.s005.oga" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/ba/Vocal-Fry-May-Undermine-the-Success-of-Young-Women-in-the-Labor-Market-pone.0097506.s005.oga/Vocal-Fry-May-Undermine-the-Success-of-Young-Women-in-the-Labor-Market-pone.0097506.s005.oga.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption>Short demonstration of vocal fry/creaky voice</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_phonology">In phonology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Creaky_voice&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: In phonology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Received_Pronunciation" title="Received Pronunciation">Received Pronunciation</a> of <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, creaky voice has been described as a possible realisation of <a href="/wiki/Glottal_reinforcement" class="mw-redirect" title="Glottal reinforcement">glottal reinforcement</a>. For example, an alternative phonetic transcription of <i>attempt</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[əˈtʰemʔt]</span> could be <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[əˈtʰem͡m̰t]</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In some languages, such as <a href="/wiki/Jalapa_Mazatec_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Jalapa Mazatec language">Jalapa Mazatec</a>, creaky voice has a <a href="/wiki/Phoneme" title="Phoneme">phonemic status</a>; that is, the presence or absence of creaky voice can change the meaning of a word.<sup id="cite_ref-AshbyMaidment2005_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AshbyMaidment2005-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a>, creaky voice of a <a href="/wiki/Phone_(phonetics)" title="Phone (phonetics)">phone</a> is represented by a <a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">diacritical</a> <a href="/wiki/Tilde" title="Tilde">tilde</a> <span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced"><a href="/wiki/Phonetic_symbols_in_Unicode" title="Phonetic symbols in Unicode">U+</a>0330</span> </span><span style="font-size:100%;line-height:1em"><span style="font-family: serif;">◌̰</span></span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">COMBINING TILDE BELOW</span>, for example <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[d̰]</span>. The <a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a> <a href="/wiki/Prosody_(linguistics)" title="Prosody (linguistics)">prosodic</a> feature <i><a href="/wiki/St%C3%B8d" title="Stød">stød</a></i> is an example of a form of laryngealisation that has a <a href="/wiki/Phoneme" title="Phoneme">phonemic</a> function.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A slight degree of laryngealisation, occurring in some <a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean language</a> consonants for example, is called "<a href="/wiki/Stiff_voice" title="Stiff voice">stiff voice</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Social_aspects">Social aspects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Creaky_voice&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Social aspects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Vocal_fry_register" title="Vocal fry register">Vocal fry register</a></div> <p>Use of creaky voice across general speech and in singing is termed "vocal fry". </p><p>Some evidence exists of vocal fry becoming more common in the speech of young female speakers of American English in the early 21st century,<sup id="cite_ref-Yuasa_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yuasa-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with researcher Ikuko Patricia Yuasa finding that college-age Americans perceived female creaky voice as "hesitant, nonaggressive, and informal but also educated, urban-oriented, and upwardly mobile."<sup id="cite_ref-Yuasa_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yuasa-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is subsequently theorized that vocal fry may be a way for women to sound more "authoritative" and credible by using it to emulate the deeper male register.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yuasa<sup id="cite_ref-Yuasa_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yuasa-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> further theorizes that because California is at the center of much of the entertainment industry, young Americans may unconsciously be using creaky voice more because of the media they consume. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Creaky_voice&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Creaky-voiced_glottal_approximant" title="Creaky-voiced glottal approximant">Creaky-voiced glottal approximant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocal_fry_register" title="Vocal fry register">Vocal fry register</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Creaky_voice&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTitze,_I._R.2008" class="citation journal cs1">Titze, I. R. (2008). "The Human Instrument". <i><a href="/wiki/Scientific_American" title="Scientific American">Scientific American</a></i>. <b>298</b> (1): 94–101. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008SciAm.298a..94T">2008SciAm.298a..94T</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fscientificamerican0108-94">10.1038/scientificamerican0108-94</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18225701">18225701</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+American&rft.atitle=The+Human+Instrument&rft.volume=298&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=94-101&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18225701&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fscientificamerican0108-94&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2008SciAm.298a..94T&rft.au=Titze%2C+I.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreaky+voice" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTitze,_I._R.1994" class="citation book cs1">Titze, I. R. (1994). <i>Principles of Voice Production</i>. Prentice Hall. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-13-717893-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-13-717893-3"><bdi>978-0-13-717893-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Principles+of+Voice+Production&rft.pub=Prentice+Hall&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-13-717893-3&rft.au=Titze%2C+I.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreaky+voice" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuang2017" class="citation journal cs1">Kuang, Jianjing (2017-09-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1121%2F1.5003649">"Covariation between voice quality and pitch: Revisiting the case of Mandarin creaky voice"</a>. <i>The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America</i>. <b>142</b> (3): 1693–1706. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ASAJ..142.1693K">2017ASAJ..142.1693K</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1121%2F1.5003649">10.1121/1.5003649</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0001-4966">0001-4966</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28964062">28964062</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+the+Acoustical+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Covariation+between+voice+quality+and+pitch%3A+Revisiting+the+case+of+Mandarin+creaky+voice&rft.volume=142&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=1693-1706&rft.date=2017-09-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1121%2F1.5003649&rft.issn=0001-4966&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28964062&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2017ASAJ..142.1693K&rft.aulast=Kuang&rft.aufirst=Jianjing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1121%252F1.5003649&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreaky+voice" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoach2004" class="citation journal cs1">Roach, Peter (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/D4AFF0A7118E7081ACF7C7586FF87590/S0025100304001768a.pdf/british_english_received_pronunciation.pdf">"British English: Received Pronunciation"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of the International Phonetic Association</i>. <b>34</b> (2): 241. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0025100304001768">10.1017/S0025100304001768</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144338519">144338519</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180905105051/https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/D4AFF0A7118E7081ACF7C7586FF87590/S0025100304001768a.pdf/british_english_received_pronunciation.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2018-09-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.atitle=British+English%3A+Received+Pronunciation&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=241&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0025100304001768&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144338519%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Roach&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fservices%2Faop-cambridge-core%2Fcontent%2Fview%2FD4AFF0A7118E7081ACF7C7586FF87590%2FS0025100304001768a.pdf%2Fbritish_english_received_pronunciation.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreaky+voice" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AshbyMaidment2005-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AshbyMaidment2005_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAshbyMaidment2005" class="citation book cs1">Ashby, M.; Maidment, J. A. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JxjTLu9slDUC&pg=PA98"><i>Introducing Phonetic Science</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 98. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-00496-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-00496-1"><bdi>978-0-521-00496-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-06-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introducing+Phonetic+Science&rft.pages=98&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-521-00496-1&rft.aulast=Ashby&rft.aufirst=M.&rft.au=Maidment%2C+J.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJxjTLu9slDUC%26pg%3DPA98&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreaky+voice" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBasbøll2005" class="citation book cs1">Basbøll, Hans (2005). <i>The Phonology of Danish</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-824268-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-824268-0"><bdi>978-0-19-824268-0</bdi></a>. p. 24: <q>The Danish stød [...] is [...] a syllable prosody manifested by laryngealization.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Phonology+of+Danish&rft.pages=24&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-19-824268-0&rft.aulast=Basb%C3%B8ll&rft.aufirst=Hans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreaky+voice" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhnIverson2004" class="citation journal cs1">Ahn, Sang-cheol; Iverson, Gregory K. (October 2004). "Dimensions in Korean Laryngeal Phonology*". <i>Journal of East Asian Linguistics</i>. <b>13</b> (4): 345–379. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10831-004-4256-x">10.1007/s10831-004-4256-x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0925-8558">0925-8558</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:123061263">123061263</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+East+Asian+Linguistics&rft.atitle=Dimensions+in+Korean+Laryngeal+Phonology%2A&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=345-379&rft.date=2004-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A123061263%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0925-8558&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10831-004-4256-x&rft.aulast=Ahn&rft.aufirst=Sang-cheol&rft.au=Iverson%2C+Gregory+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreaky+voice" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Yuasa-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Yuasa_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yuasa_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yuasa_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYuasa,_I._P.2010" class="citation journal cs1">Yuasa, I. P. (2010). "Creaky Voice: A New Feminine Voice Quality for Young Urban-Oriented Upwardly Mobile American Women?". <i>American Speech</i>. <b>85</b> (3): 315–337. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1215%2F00031283-2010-018">10.1215/00031283-2010-018</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Speech&rft.atitle=Creaky+Voice%3A+A+New+Feminine+Voice+Quality+for+Young+Urban-Oriented+Upwardly+Mobile+American+Women%3F&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=315-337&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1215%2F00031283-2010-018&rft.au=Yuasa%2C+I.+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreaky+voice" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDilleyShattuck-HufnagelOstendorf1996" class="citation journal cs1">Dilley, L.; Shattuck-Hufnagel, S.; Ostendorf, M. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://speechlab.cas.msu.edu/PDF/Old%20Publications/Dilley,%20Shattuck-Hufnagel%20&%20Ostendorf%201996.pdf">"Glottalization of word-initial vowels as a function of prosodic structure"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of Phonetics</i>. <b>24</b> (4): 423–444. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1006%2Fjpho.1996.0023">10.1006/jpho.1996.0023</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170522150205/http://speechlab.cas.msu.edu/PDF/Old%20Publications/Dilley,%20Shattuck-Hufnagel%20&%20Ostendorf%201996.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2017-05-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Phonetics&rft.atitle=Glottalization+of+word-initial+vowels+as+a+function+of+prosodic+structure&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=423-444&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1006%2Fjpho.1996.0023&rft.aulast=Dilley&rft.aufirst=L.&rft.au=Shattuck-Hufnagel%2C+S.&rft.au=Ostendorf%2C+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fspeechlab.cas.msu.edu%2FPDF%2FOld%2520Publications%2FDilley%2C%2520Shattuck-Hufnagel%2520%26%2520Ostendorf%25201996.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreaky+voice" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoates2016" class="citation book cs1">Coates, Jennifer (2016). <i>Women, men and language: a sociolinguistic account of gender differences in language</i>. Routledge Linguistics Classics (3rd ed.). London: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781315645612">10.4324/9781315645612</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781138948785" title="Special:BookSources/9781138948785"><bdi>9781138948785</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women%2C+men+and+language%3A+a+sociolinguistic+account+of+gender+differences+in+language&rft.place=London&rft.series=Routledge+Linguistics+Classics&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9781315645612&rft.isbn=9781138948785&rft.aulast=Coates&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreaky+voice" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHollienMooreWendahlMichel1966" class="citation journal cs1">Hollien, Harry; Moore, Paul; Wendahl, Ronald W.; Michel, John F. (1966). "On the Nature of Vocal Fry". <i>Journal of Speech and Hearing Research</i>. <b>9</b> (2). <a href="/wiki/American_Speech%E2%80%93Language%E2%80%93Hearing_Association" title="American Speech–Language–Hearing Association">American Speech–Language–Hearing Association</a>: 245–247. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1044%2Fjshr.0902.245">10.1044/jshr.0902.245</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5925528">5925528</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Speech+and+Hearing+Research&rft.atitle=On+the+Nature+of+Vocal+Fry&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=245-247&rft.date=1966&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1044%2Fjshr.0902.245&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F5925528&rft.aulast=Hollien&rft.aufirst=Harry&rft.au=Moore%2C+Paul&rft.au=Wendahl%2C+Ronald+W.&rft.au=Michel%2C+John+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreaky+voice" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorkowskaPawłowski2011" class="citation journal cs1">Borkowska, Barbara; Pawłowski, Bogusław (2011). "Female voice frequency in the context of dominance and attractiveness perception". <i><a href="/wiki/Animal_Behaviour_(journal)" title="Animal Behaviour (journal)">Animal Behaviour</a></i>. <b>82</b> (1). <a href="/wiki/Association_for_the_Study_of_Animal_Behaviour" title="Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour">Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour</a>, Elsevier: 55–59. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.anbehav.2011.03.024">10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.03.024</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:53275785">53275785</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Animal+Behaviour&rft.atitle=Female+voice+frequency+in+the+context+of+dominance+and+attractiveness+perception&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=55-59&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.anbehav.2011.03.024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A53275785%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Borkowska&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft.au=Paw%C5%82owski%2C+Bogus%C5%82aw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreaky+voice" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Creaky_voice&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLadefogedMaddieson1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Ladefoged" title="Peter Ladefoged">Ladefoged, Peter</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ian_Maddieson" title="Ian Maddieson">Maddieson, Ian</a> (1996). <a href="/wiki/The_Sounds_of_the_World%27s_Languages" title="The Sounds of the World's Languages"><i>The Sounds of the World's Languages</i></a>. Oxford: Blackwell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-631-19815-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-631-19815-6"><bdi>0-631-19815-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sounds+of+the+World%27s+Languages&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-631-19815-6&rft.aulast=Ladefoged&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Maddieson%2C+Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACreaky+voice" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b05tl3jm">"Word of Mouth: Young Women as Linguistic Innovators"</a>, BBC Radio 4, 18 May 2015, from c. 17:40 mins.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Glottis" title="Glottis">Glottal</a> states (from open to closed)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;background: none;"><a href="/wiki/Voicelessness" title="Voicelessness">Breath</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;background-color: #f7f7f7;"><a href="/wiki/Breathy_voice" title="Breathy voice">Breathy</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;background: none;"><a href="/wiki/Slack_voice" title="Slack voice">Slack voice</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;background-color: #f7f7f7;"><a href="/wiki/Modal_voice" title="Modal voice">Modal voice</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;background: none;"><a href="/wiki/Stiff_voice" title="Stiff voice">Stiff voice</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;background-color: #f7f7f7;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Creaky voice</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;background: none;"><a href="/wiki/Glottalization" title="Glottalization">Glottalized</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;background-color: papayawhip;"><a href="/wiki/Ballistic_syllable" title="Ballistic syllable">Ballistic</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;">(full airstream)</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">(murmur,<br /><span class="nowrap">whispery voice)</span></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">(intermediate)</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">(maximum vibration)</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">(intermediate)</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">(restricted airstream)</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">(blocked airstream)</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">(fortis)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Larynx" title="Larynx">Supra-glottal</a> phonation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faucalized_voice" title="Faucalized voice">Faucalized voice</a> ("hollow")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harsh_voice" title="Harsh voice">Harsh/ventricular voice</a> ("pressed")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strident_vowel" title="Strident vowel">Strident voice</a> (epiglottal trilled)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-phonemic phonation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Whispering" title="Whispering">Whisper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falsetto" title="Falsetto">Falsetto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vibrato" title="Vibrato">Vibrato</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    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