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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Islamic nationalism subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Islamic_nationalism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pakistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pakistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Pakistan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pakistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turkish" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turkish"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Turkish</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turkish-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kurdish" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kurdish"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Kurdish</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kurdish-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Others" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Others"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Others</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Others-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jewish_nationalism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jewish_nationalism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Jewish nationalism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jewish_nationalism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nationalism_in_modern_paganism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nationalism_in_modern_paganism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Nationalism in modern paganism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nationalism_in_modern_paganism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shinto" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shinto"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Shinto</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shinto-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sikh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sikh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sikh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sikh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_religious_movements_and_nationalism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_religious_movements_and_nationalism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Other religious movements and nationalism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_religious_movements_and_nationalism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" 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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Religious nationalism</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dini_milliy%C9%99t%C3%A7ilik" title="Dini milliyətçilik – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dini milliyətçilik" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%AA%DA%86%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="دینی میلتچی‌لیک – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="دینی میلتچی‌لیک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%98%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%B5%CF%85%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%B5%CE%B8%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Θρησκευτικός εθνικισμός – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Θρησκευτικός εθνικισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religia_naciismo" title="Religia naciismo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Religia naciismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationalisme_religieux" title="Nationalisme religieux – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nationalisme religieux" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="धार्मिक राष्ट्रवाद – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="धार्मिक राष्ट्रवाद" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazionalismo_religioso" title="Nazionalismo religioso – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nazionalismo religioso" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reli%C4%A3iskais_nacion%C4%81lisms" title="Reliģiskais nacionālisms – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Reliģiskais nacionālisms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%87" title="قوميه دينيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="قوميه دينيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religieus_nationalisme" title="Religieus nationalisme – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Religieus nationalisme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B0%DB%81%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="مذہبی قومیت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مذہبی قومیت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacionalismo_religioso" title="Nacionalismo religioso – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nacionalismo religioso" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Религиозный национализм – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Религиозный национализм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_nationalism" title="Religious nationalism – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Religious nationalism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Религијски национализам – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Религијски национализам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Din%C3%AE_milliyet%C3%A7ilik" title="Dinî milliyetçilik – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Dinî milliyetçilik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Релігійний націоналізм – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Релігійний націоналізм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B0%DB%81%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="مذہبی قومیت – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مذہبی قومیت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="宗教民族主义 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="宗教民族主义" 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.sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Nationalism" title="Category:Nationalism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:200%;font-weight:normal;padding-bottom:0.15em;"><a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Nationalism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Nation" title="Nation">Nation</a> forming</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism_in_Antiquity" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalism in Antiquity">Nationalism in Antiquity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Nationalism in the Middle Ages">Nationalism in the Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_anthem" title="National anthem">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_church" title="National church">Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_colours" title="National colours">Colours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_emblem" title="National emblem">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Father_of_the_Nation" title="Father of the Nation">Father</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_flag" title="National flag">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_epic" title="National epic">Epic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_god" title="National god">God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_identity" title="National identity">Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_language" title="National language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_myth" title="National myth">Myth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_sport" title="National sport">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation-state" class="mw-redirect" title="Nation-state">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbol" title="National symbol">Symbol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_treasure" title="National treasure">Treasure</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Core values</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allegiance" title="Allegiance">Allegiance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence" title="Independence">Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotism" title="Patriotism">Patriotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-determination" title="Self-determination">Self-determination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity" title="Solidarity">Solidarity</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Types_of_nationalism" title="Types of nationalism">Types</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_nationalism" title="African nationalism">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National-anarchism" title="National-anarchism">Anarchist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blind_nationalism" title="Blind nationalism">Blind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourgeois_nationalism" title="Bourgeois nationalism">Bourgeois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_nationalism" title="Business nationalism">Business</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_chauvinism" title="Welfare chauvinism">Welfare</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civic_nationalism" title="Civic nationalism">Civic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_nationalism" title="American nationalism">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_nationalism" title="French nationalism">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_nationalism" title="Irish nationalism">Irish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_communism" title="National communism">Communist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_patriotism" title="Constitutional patriotism">Constitutional patriotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Corporate nationalism">Corporate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyber-nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyber-nationalism">Cyber-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-nationalism" title="Eco-nationalism">Ecological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_nationalism" title="Economic nationalism">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_nationalism" title="Ethnic nationalism">Ethnic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnopluralism" title="Ethnopluralism">Ethnopluralism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-European_nationalism" title="Pan-European nationalism">European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expansionist_nationalism" title="Expansionist nationalism">Expansionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homonationalism" title="Homonationalism">Homosexual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenism" title="Indigenism">Indigenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integral_nationalism" title="Integral nationalism">Integral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_nationalism" title="Left-wing nationalism">Left-wing</a> (<a href="/wiki/Left-wing_populism" title="Left-wing populism">populism</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_nationalism" title="Musical nationalism">Musical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_mysticism" title="National mysticism">Mystic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-nationalism" title="Neo-nationalism">Neo-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-nationalism" title="Pan-nationalism">Pan-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_nationalism" title="Racial nationalism">Racial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_nationalism" title="Arab nationalism">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_nationalism" title="Black nationalism">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_nationalism" title="Japanese nationalism">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statism_in_Sh%C5%8Dwa_Japan" title="Statism in Shōwa Japan">Shōwa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_ethnic_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean ethnic nationalism">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_nationalism" title="White nationalism">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Religious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_nationalism" title="Christian nationalism">Christian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Catholicism" title="National Catholicism">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerico-nationalism" title="Clerico-nationalism">Clerical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_nationalism" title="Hindu nationalism">Hindu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindutva</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim nationalism">Muslim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalistan_movement" title="Khalistan movement">Sikh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_nationalism" title="Resource nationalism">Resource</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_nationalism" title="Revolutionary nationalism">Revolutionary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_syndicalism" title="National syndicalism">National syndicalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bolshevism" title="National Bolshevism">National Bolshevik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legionarism" class="mw-redirect" title="Legionarism">Legionarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rexism" class="mw-redirect" title="Rexism">Rexism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnocacerism" title="Ethnocacerism">Ethnocacerism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_nationalism" title="Romantic nationalism">Romantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Techno-nationalism" title="Techno-nationalism">Technological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_nationalism" title="Territorial nationalism">Territorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnationalism" title="Transnationalism">Trans-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultranationalism" title="Ultranationalism">Ultra-</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ultranationalism_(Japan)" title="Ultranationalism (Japan)">Japan</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/List_of_nationalist_organizations" title="List of nationalist organizations">List of nationalist organizations</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anationalism">Anationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-nationalism">Anti-nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement" title="Anti-globalization movement">Anti-globalization movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-imperialism" title="Anti-imperialism">Anti-imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banal_nationalism" title="Banal nationalism">Banal nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_religion" title="Civil religion">Civil religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communitarianism" title="Communitarianism">Communitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmopolitanism" title="Cosmopolitanism">Cosmopolitanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_nationalism" title="Cultural nationalism">Cultural nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diaspora_politics" title="Diaspora politics">Diaspora politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnocentrism" title="Ethnocentrism">Ethnocentrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociological_Francoism" title="Sociological Francoism">Francoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastronationalism" title="Gastronationalism">Gastronationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism_and_gender" title="Nationalism and gender">Gender and nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globalism" title="Globalism">Globalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_historiography" title="Nationalist historiography">Historiography and nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imagined_community" title="Imagined community">Imagined community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperialism" title="Imperialism">Imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalism_(politics)" title="Internationalism (politics)">Internationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irredentism" title="Irredentism">Irredentism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingoism" title="Jingoism">Jingoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Localism_(politics)" title="Localism (politics)">Localism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militarism" title="Militarism">Militarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_indifference" title="National indifference">National indifference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism_studies" title="Nationalism studies">Nationalism studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativism_(politics)" title="Nativism (politics)">Nativism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plurinationalism" title="Plurinationalism">Plurinationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postnationalism" title="Postnationalism">Post-</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Principle_of_nationalities&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Principle of nationalities (page does not exist)">Principle of nationalities</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principe_des_nationalit%C3%A9s" class="extiw" title="fr:Principe des nationalités">fr</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revanchism" title="Revanchism">Revanchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism" title="Right-wing populism">Right-wing populism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festival" title="Festival">Seasonal or cultural festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subsidiarity" title="Subsidiarity">Subsidiarity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subsidiarity_(Catholicism)" title="Subsidiarity (Catholicism)">in Catholicism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trumpism" title="Trumpism">Trumpism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia" title="Xenophobia">Xenophobia</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/15px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/23px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/30px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nationalism_sidebar" title="Template:Nationalism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nationalism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Nationalism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nationalism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nationalism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Religious nationalism</b> can be understood in a number of ways, such as <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalism</a> as a religion itself, a position articulated by <a href="/wiki/Carlton_Hayes" class="mw-redirect" title="Carlton Hayes">Carlton Hayes</a> in his text <i>Nationalism: A Religion,</i> or as the relationship of <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalism</a> to a particular <a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">religious</a> belief, <a href="/wiki/Dogma" title="Dogma">dogma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ideology" title="Ideology">ideology</a>, or affiliation. This relationship can be broken down into two aspects: the <a href="/wiki/Politicisation" title="Politicisation">politicisation</a> of religion and the influence of religion on <a href="/wiki/Politics" title="Politics">politics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Xypolia_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Xypolia-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the former aspect, a shared religion can be seen to contribute to a sense of <a href="/wiki/National_unity" class="mw-redirect" title="National unity">national unity</a>, a common bond among the citizens of the <a href="/wiki/Nation" title="Nation">nation</a>. Another political aspect of religion is the support of a <a href="/wiki/National_identity" title="National identity">national identity</a>, similar to a shared <a href="/wiki/Ethnicity" title="Ethnicity">ethnicity</a>, language, or culture. The influence of religion on politics is more <a href="/wiki/Ideology" title="Ideology">ideological</a>, where current interpretations of religious ideas inspire <a href="/wiki/Political_activism" class="mw-redirect" title="Political activism">political activism</a> and action; for example, laws are passed to foster stricter religious adherence.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ideologically-driven religious nationalism may not necessarily be targeted against other religions <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/per_se" class="extiw" title="wikt:per se">per se</a></i>, but can be articulated in response to <a href="/wiki/Modernity" title="Modernity">modernity</a> and, in particular, <a href="/wiki/Secular" class="mw-redirect" title="Secular">secular</a> nationalism. Indeed, religious nationalism may articulate itself as the binary of secular nationalism. Nation-states whose <a href="/wiki/Border" title="Border">borders</a> are relatively recent or that have experienced <a href="/wiki/Colonialism" title="Colonialism">colonialism</a> may be more prone to religious nationalism, which may stand as a more authentic or "traditional" rendering of identity. Thus, there was a global rise of religious nationalism in the wake of the end of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>, but also as <a href="/wiki/Postcolonialism" title="Postcolonialism">postcolonial</a> politics (facing considerable developmental challenges, but also dealing with the reality of colonially-defined, and therefore somewhat artificial, borders) became challenged. In such a scenario, appealing to a national sense of Islamic identity, as in the case of Pakistan (see <a href="/wiki/Two-nation_theory" title="Two-nation theory">two-nation theory</a>), may serve to override regional tensions. </p><p>The danger is that when the state derives <a href="/wiki/Political_legitimacy" title="Political legitimacy">political legitimacy</a> from adherence to religious doctrines, this may leave an opening to overtly religious elements, institutions, and leaders, making the appeals to religion more 'authentic' by bringing more explicitly theological interpretations to political life. Thus, appeals to religion as a marker of ethnicity create an opening for more strident and ideological interpretations of religious nationalism. Many ethnic and cultural nationalisms include religious aspects, but as a marker of group identity, rather than the intrinsic motivation for nationalist claims. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Buddhist_nationalism">Buddhist nationalism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religious_nationalism&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Buddhist nationalism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable selfref">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Buddhist_nationalism" title="Category:Buddhist nationalism">Category:Buddhist nationalism</a></div> <p>Buddhist Nationalism is mainly prevalent and influential in <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a>, and is also present in <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_Buddhist_nationalism" title="Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism">Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism</a> is a political ideology that combines a focus on Sinhalese culture and ethnicity with an emphasis on Theravada Buddhism, which is the majority belief system of the Sinhalese in Sri Lanka. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Association_of_Myanmar" title="Patriotic Association of Myanmar">Patriotic Association of Myanmar</a> and <a href="/wiki/969_Movement" title="969 Movement">969 movement</a> have the goal to "organise and protect" the Burman people and their Buddhist religion, which is influenced by Buddhist nationalism in Myanmar. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Christian_nationalism">Christian nationalism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religious_nationalism&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Christian nationalism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Christian_nationalism" title="Christian nationalism">Christian nationalism</a></div> <p>Christian nationalists focus more on internal politics, such as passing laws that reflect their view of Christianity. In countries with a <a href="/wiki/State_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="State Church">state Church</a>, Christian nationalists, in seeking to preserve the status of a <a href="/wiki/Christian_state" title="Christian state">Christian state</a>, uphold an <a href="/wiki/Antidisestablishmentarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Antidisestablishmentarian">antidisestablishmentarian</a> position.<sup id="cite_ref-Bloomberg1989_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bloomberg1989-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jenkins2019_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jenkins2019-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kymlicka2018_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kymlicka2018-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They actively promote religious (Christian) discourses in various fields of social life, from politics and history to culture and science; with respect to legislation for example, Christian nationalists advocate <a href="/wiki/Blue_laws" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue laws">Sunday blue laws</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Moleah1993_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moleah1993-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Distinctive radicalized forms of religious nationalism or <i>clerical nationalism</i> (clero-nationalism or clerico-nationalism) were emerging on the far-right of the political spectrum in various European countries especially during the interwar period in the first half of the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFeldmanTurdaGeorgescu2008_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFeldmanTurdaGeorgescu2008-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>In the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, efforts were made to establish a Pan-Christian state by uniting the countries within <a href="/wiki/Christendom" title="Christendom">Christendom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Snyder1990_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Snyder1990-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Snyder1984_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Snyder1984-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Christian nationalism played a role in this era in which Christians felt the impulse to recover lands in which Christianity flourished.<sup id="cite_ref-USE2005_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USE2005-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the rise of Islam, certain parts of North Africa, East Asia, Southern Europe, Central Asia, and the Middle East lost Christian control.<sup id="cite_ref-LewisChurchill2008_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LewisChurchill2008-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, nationalism was always characterized by loyalty to the Catholic Church. Groups like the <a href="/wiki/National_Revival_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="National Revival of Poland">National Revival of Poland</a> use slogans like <i>Wielka Polska Katolicka</i> (Great Catholic Poland) and protest vigorously against legalization of <a href="/wiki/Gay_marriage" class="mw-redirect" title="Gay marriage">gay marriage</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abortion" title="Abortion">abortion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Conservative religious groups connected with <a href="/wiki/Radio_Maryja" title="Radio Maryja">Radio Maryja</a> are often accused of harboring nationalist and antisemitic attitudes.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Religious nationalism which is characterized by communal adherence to <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodoxy</a> and national Orthodox Churches is found in many states of <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a> as well as in the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Federation">Russian Federation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hindu_nationalism">Hindu nationalism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religious_nationalism&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Hindu nationalism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Hindu_nationalism" title="Hindu nationalism">Hindu nationalism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindutva</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Indian_nationalism" title="Indian nationalism">Indian nationalism</a></div> <p>Given the extensive linguistic, religious, and ethnic diversity of the Indian population,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> nationalism in India in general does not fall within the purview of a solitary variant of nationalism. Indians may identify with their nation on account of <a href="/wiki/Civic_nationalism" title="Civic nationalism">civic</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cultural_nationalism" title="Cultural nationalism">cultural</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">third-world nationalism</a>. Commentators have noted that in modern <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, a contemporary form of <a href="/wiki/Hindu_nationalism" title="Hindu nationalism">Hindu nationalism</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindutva</a>, has been endorsed by the <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Swayamsevak_Sangh" title="Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh">Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-veer_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-veer-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindutva</a> (meaning "Hinduness"), a term popularised by Hindu nationalist <a href="/wiki/Vinayak_Damodar_Savarkar" title="Vinayak Damodar Savarkar">Vinayak Damodar Savarkar</a> in 1923, is the predominant form of Hindu nationalism in India.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hindutva is championed by right-wing Hindu nationalist volunteer organisation <a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Swayamsevak_Sangh" title="Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh">Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh</a> (RSS), widely regarded as the ruling <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a>'s parent organisation, along with its affiliate organisations, notably the <a href="/wiki/Vishva_Hindu_Parishad" title="Vishva Hindu Parishad">Vishva Hindu Parishad</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Islamic_nationalism">Islamic nationalism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religious_nationalism&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Islamic nationalism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Islamic_nationalism" title="Islamic nationalism">Islamic nationalism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islam_and_nationalism" title="Islam and nationalism">Islam and nationalism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Muslim_nationalism_in_South_Asia" title="Muslim nationalism in South Asia">Muslim nationalism in South Asia</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pakistan">Pakistan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religious_nationalism&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Pakistan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Unlike the <a href="/wiki/Secular" class="mw-redirect" title="Secular">secular</a> form of <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalism</a> which is espoused in most other countries, <a href="/wiki/Pakistani_nationalism" title="Pakistani nationalism">Pakistani nationalism</a> is religious in nature, consisting of Islamic nationalism. Religion was the basis of the Pakistani nationalist narrative. (see <a href="/wiki/Secularism_in_Pakistan" title="Secularism in Pakistan">Secularism in Pakistan</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pakistani nationalism is closely associated with Muslim heritage, the religion of Islam, and it is also associated with <a href="/wiki/Pan-Islamism" title="Pan-Islamism">Pan-Islamism</a>, as it is described in the <a href="/wiki/Two-nation_theory" title="Two-nation theory">Two-nation theory</a>. It also refers to the consciousness and the expression of religious and ethnic influences that help mould the national consciousness. <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> has been called a "global center for <a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">political Islam</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-hazzani-131_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hazzani-131-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turkish">Turkish</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religious_nationalism&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Turkish"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Turkish%E2%80%93Islamic_synthesis" title="Turkish–Islamic synthesis">Turkish–Islamic synthesis</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kurdish">Kurdish</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religious_nationalism&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Kurdish"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Kurdish-Islamic_synthesis" title="Kurdish-Islamic synthesis">Kurdish–Islamic synthesis</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Others">Others</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religious_nationalism&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Others"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a> is a party which mixes <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_nationalism" title="Palestinian nationalism">Palestinian nationalism</a> with <a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ahrar_al-Sham" title="Ahrar al-Sham">Ahrar al-Sham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jaysh_al-Islam" title="Jaysh al-Islam">Jaysh al-Islam</a> and Other Rebel Groups mix <a href="/wiki/Syrian_nationalism" title="Syrian nationalism">Syrian nationalism</a> with <a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Jaish_ul-Adl" title="Jaish ul-Adl">Jaish ul-Adl</a> mixes <a href="/wiki/Baloch_nationalism" title="Baloch nationalism">Baloch nationalism</a> with <a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a>'s ideology combines <a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a> with <a href="/wiki/Pashtunwali" title="Pashtunwali">Pashtunwali</a> and <a href="/wiki/Afghan_nationalism" title="Afghan nationalism">Afghan nationalism</a> </p><p>Somali <a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamist</a> movement <a href="/wiki/Al-Shabaab_(militant_group)" title="Al-Shabaab (militant group)">Al-Shabaab</a> incorporates <a href="/wiki/Somali_nationalism" title="Somali nationalism">Somali religious nationalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anti-imperialism" title="Anti-imperialism">anti-imperialism</a> into its <a href="/wiki/Salafi_jihadism" title="Salafi jihadism">Salafi Jihadist</a> ideology.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jewish_nationalism">Jewish nationalism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religious_nationalism&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Jewish nationalism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Religious_Zionism" title="Religious Zionism">Religious Zionism</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Religious_Zionism" title="Religious Zionism">Religious Zionism</a> is an ideology that combines <a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox Judaism</a>. Before the establishment of <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">the State of Israel</a>, most Religious Zionists were observant Jews who supported Zionist efforts to rebuild a <a href="/wiki/Jewish_state" title="Jewish state">Jewish state</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Land_of_Israel" title="Land of Israel">Land of Israel</a>. After the <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a>, and the capture of the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a>, right-wing supporters of the Religious Zionist movement integrated themselves into Israeli nationalism and they eventually founded a new movement which evolved into <a href="/wiki/Neo-Zionism" title="Neo-Zionism">Neo-Zionism</a>, the ideology of Neo-Zionism revolves around three pillars: the Land of Israel, the People of Israel, and the Torah of Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nationalism_in_modern_paganism">Nationalism in modern paganism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religious_nationalism&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Nationalism in modern paganism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Paganism" title="Paganism">Paganism</a> resurfaces as a topic of fascination in 18th to 19th-century Romanticism, in particular in the context of the literary <a href="/wiki/Viking_revival" title="Viking revival">Viking revivals</a>, which portrayed historical <a href="/wiki/Celtic_neopaganism" title="Celtic neopaganism">Celtic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slavic_Native_Faith" title="Slavic Native Faith">Slavic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heathenry_(new_religious_movement)" title="Heathenry (new religious movement)">Germanic polytheists</a> as <a href="/wiki/Noble_savage" title="Noble savage">noble savages</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romanticist</a> interest in non-classical antiquity coincided with the rise of <a href="/wiki/Romantic_nationalism" title="Romantic nationalism">Romantic nationalism</a> and the rise of the nation state in the context of the 1848 revolutions, leading to the creation of national epics and national myths for the various newly formed states. Pagan or folkloric topics were also common in the musical nationalism of the period.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Organisations such as the <a href="/wiki/Armanen-Orden" title="Armanen-Orden">Armanen-Orden</a> represent significant developments in neo-pagan esotericism and <a href="/wiki/Ariosophy" title="Ariosophy">Ariosophy</a> after <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, but they do not all constitute forms of Nazi esotericism. Some <a href="/wiki/Northern_Europe" title="Northern Europe">northern European</a> <a href="/wiki/Neopaganism" class="mw-redirect" title="Neopaganism">neopagan</a> groups, such as <a href="/wiki/Theods" class="mw-redirect" title="Theods">Theods</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%81satr%C3%BAarf%C3%A9lagi%C3%B0" title="Ásatrúarfélagið">Ásatrúarfélagið</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vi%C3%B0artr%C3%BAar" class="mw-redirect" title="Viðartrúar">Viðartrúar</a>, have explicitly stated that <a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism" title="Neo-Nazism">neo-Nazism</a> is not common among their members. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Shinto">Shinto</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religious_nationalism&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Shinto"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/State_Shinto" title="State Shinto">State Shinto</a></div> <p>The "<a href="/wiki/State_Shinto" title="State Shinto">State Shinto</a>" term was used to categorize, and promote, <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Japan">Imperial Japanese</a> practices that relied on <a href="/wiki/Shinto" title="Shinto">Shinto</a> to support Japan's nationalistic ideology.<sup id="cite_ref-Hardacre_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hardacre-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 133">: 133 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 97">: 97 </span></sup> By refusing to ban Shinto practices outright, <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Japan" title="Constitution of Japan">Japan's post-war constitution</a> was thus able to preserve full freedom of religion.<sup id="cite_ref-Hardacre_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hardacre-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 133">: 133 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sikh">Sikh</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religious_nationalism&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Sikh"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Khalistan_movement" title="Khalistan movement">Khalistan movement</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Khalistan_movement" title="Khalistan movement">Khalistan movement</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Sikhs" title="Sikhs">Sikh</a> <a href="/wiki/Separatism" title="Separatism">separatist movement</a> seeking to create a homeland for Sikhs by establishing a <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">sovereign state</a>, called <i>Khālistān</i> ('<a href="/wiki/-stan" title="-stan">Land of</a> the <a href="/wiki/Khalsa" title="Khalsa">Khalsa</a>'), in the <a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjab region</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The proposed state would consist of land that currently forms <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_India" title="Punjab, India">Punjab, India</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_Pakistan" title="Punjab, Pakistan">Punjab, Pakistan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_religious_movements_and_nationalism">Other religious movements and nationalism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religious_nationalism&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Other religious movements and nationalism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korean</a> peninsula, the <i><a href="/wiki/Donghak" title="Donghak">Donghak</a></i> movement and its leader, <a href="/wiki/Choe_Je-u" title="Choe Je-u">Choe Je-u</a>, were inspired by <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Korea" title="Christianity in Korea">Korean Catholic</a> missionaries. However, they condemned the '<a href="/wiki/Western_learning" class="mw-redirect" title="Western learning">Western learning</a>' preached by missionaries and contrasted it with the indigenous 'Eastern learning'. They started a <a href="/wiki/Donghak_Peasant_Revolution" title="Donghak Peasant Revolution">rebellion</a> in 1894 in <a href="/wiki/Jeolla" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeolla">Jeolla</a> province in southwestern Korea. The <i>Donghak</i> movement served as a template for the later <i><a href="/wiki/Daejonggyo" class="mw-redirect" title="Daejonggyo">Daejonggyo</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Jeung_San_Do" title="Jeung San Do">Jeungsan-gyo</a></i> movements, as well as for other religious nationalist movements. The <a href="/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhist</a>-influenced <i>Daejonggyo</i> movement financed guerillas in <a href="/wiki/Manchuria" title="Manchuria">Manchuria</a> during <a href="/wiki/Korea_under_Japanese_rule" title="Korea under Japanese rule">Japanese colonial rule</a> of both Korea and Manchuria. The <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korean</a> state ideology, <i><a href="/wiki/Juche" title="Juche">Juche</a></i>, is sometimes classified as a religion in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">United States Department of State</a>'s human rights reports.<sup id="cite_ref-Becker2005_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Becker2005-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religious_nationalism&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Identity" title="Christian Identity">Christian Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_politics" title="Christianity and politics">Christianity and politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_fascism" title="Clerical fascism">Clerical fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamentalism" title="Fundamentalism">Fundamentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaism_and_politics" title="Judaism and politics">Judaism and politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Catholicism" title="National Catholicism">National Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Independent_Church" title="Philippine Independent Church">Philippine Independent Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_aspects_of_Islam" title="Political aspects of Islam">Political aspects of Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Political religion">Political religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_politics" title="Religion in politics">Religion in politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sectarianism" title="Sectarianism">Sectarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">State religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theocracy" title="Theocracy">Theocracy</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religious_nationalism&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Xypolia-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Xypolia_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFXypolia2011" class="citation journal cs1">Xypolia, Ilia (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bujournal.boun.edu.tr/docs/13330942935.pdf">"Cypriot Muslims among Ottomans, Turks and British"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Bogazici Journal</i>. <b>25</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">109–</span>120. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.21773%2Fboun.25.2.6">10.21773/boun.25.2.6</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bogazici+Journal&rft.atitle=Cypriot+Muslims+among+Ottomans%2C+Turks+and+British&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E109-%3C%2Fspan%3E120&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.21773%2Fboun.25.2.6&rft.aulast=Xypolia&rft.aufirst=Ilia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bujournal.boun.edu.tr%2Fdocs%2F13330942935.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligious+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Juergensmeyer, Mark. "The Worldwide Rise of Religious Nationalism", <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_International_Affairs" title="Journal of International Affairs">Journal of International Affairs</a></i>, Summer 1996, 50, 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKeyes2016" class="citation journal cs1">Keyes, Charles (October 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15570274.2016.1248497">"Theravada Buddhism and Buddhist Nationalism: Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Cambodia, and Thailand"</a>. <i>The Review of Faith & International Affairs</i>. <b>14</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">41–</span>52. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F15570274.2016.1248497">10.1080/15570274.2016.1248497</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1557-0274">1557-0274</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:151536340">151536340</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Review+of+Faith+%26+International+Affairs&rft.atitle=Theravada+Buddhism+and+Buddhist+Nationalism%3A+Sri+Lanka%2C+Myanmar%2C+Cambodia%2C+and+Thailand&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E41-%3C%2Fspan%3E52&rft.date=2016-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A151536340%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1557-0274&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F15570274.2016.1248497&rft.aulast=Keyes&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1080%2F15570274.2016.1248497&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligious+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bloomberg1989-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bloomberg1989_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBloomberg1989" class="citation book cs1">Bloomberg, Charles (1989). <i>Christian Nationalism and the Rise of the Afrikaner Broederbond in South Africa, 1918-48</i>. Springer. p. xxiii-11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-349-10694-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-349-10694-3"><bdi>978-1-349-10694-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christian+Nationalism+and+the+Rise+of+the+Afrikaner+Broederbond+in+South+Africa%2C+1918-48&rft.pages=xxiii-11&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-1-349-10694-3&rft.aulast=Bloomberg&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligious+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jenkins2019-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jenkins2019_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJenkins2019" class="citation web cs1">Jenkins, Jack (2 August 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://religionnews.com/2019/08/02/christian-leaders-condemn-christian-nationalism-in-new-letter/">"Christian leaders condemn Christian nationalism in new letter"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Religion_News_Service" title="Religion News Service">Religion News Service</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2020</span>. <q>Christian nationalism demands Christianity be privileged by the State...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Christian+leaders+condemn+Christian+nationalism+in+new+letter&rft.pub=Religion+News+Service&rft.date=2019-08-02&rft.aulast=Jenkins&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freligionnews.com%2F2019%2F08%2F02%2Fchristian-leaders-condemn-christian-nationalism-in-new-letter%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligious+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kymlicka2018-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kymlicka2018_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKymlicka2018" class="citation web cs1">Kymlicka, Will (19 April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cardus.ca/comment/article/is-there-a-christian-pluralist-approach-to-immigration/">"Is there a Christian Pluralist Approach to Immigration?"</a>. Comment Magazine<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2020</span>. <q>As against both Christian nationalists who wanted an established church and French-republican-style secular nationalists who wanted a homogenous public square devoid of religion, Dutch pluralists led by Kuyper defended a model of institutional pluralism or "sphere sovereignty."<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Is+there+a+Christian+Pluralist+Approach+to+Immigration%3F&rft.pub=Comment+Magazine&rft.date=2018-04-19&rft.aulast=Kymlicka&rft.aufirst=Will&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cardus.ca%2Fcomment%2Farticle%2Fis-there-a-christian-pluralist-approach-to-immigration%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligious+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Moleah1993-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Moleah1993_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMoleah1993" class="citation book cs1">Moleah, Alfred T. (1993). <i>South Africa: Colonialism, Apartheid and African Dispossession</i>. Disa Press. p. 377. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-913255-02-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-913255-02-5"><bdi>978-0-913255-02-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=South+Africa%3A+Colonialism%2C+Apartheid+and+African+Dispossession&rft.pages=377&rft.pub=Disa+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-913255-02-5&rft.aulast=Moleah&rft.aufirst=Alfred+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligious+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFeldmanTurdaGeorgescu2008-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFeldmanTurdaGeorgescu2008_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFeldmanTurdaGeorgescu2008">Feldman et al</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Snyder1990-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Snyder1990_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSnyder1990" class="citation book cs1">Snyder, Louis L. (1990). <i>Encyclopedia of Nationalism</i>. St. James Press. p. 282. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55862-101-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55862-101-5"><bdi>978-1-55862-101-5</bdi></a>. <q>Major religions in the past, especially Christianity, have attempted to include all their adherents in a large union, but they have not been successful. Throughout most of the Middle Ages in Western Europe, attempts were made again and again to unite all the Christian world into a kind of Pan-Christianity, which would combine all Christians in a secular-religious state as a successor to the Roman Empire.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Nationalism&rft.pages=282&rft.pub=St.+James+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-1-55862-101-5&rft.aulast=Snyder&rft.aufirst=Louis+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligious+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Snyder1984-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Snyder1984_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSnyder1984" class="citation book cs1">Snyder, Louis Leo (1984). <i>Macro-nationalisms: A History of the Pan-movements</i>. Greenwood Press. p. 129. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-23191-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-23191-9"><bdi>978-0-313-23191-9</bdi></a>. <q>Throughout the better part of the Middle Ages, elaborate attempts were made to create what was, in effect, a Pan-Christianity, an effort to unite "all" the Western Christian world into a successor state of the Roman Empire.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Macro-nationalisms%3A+A+History+of+the+Pan-movements&rft.pages=129&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-313-23191-9&rft.aulast=Snyder&rft.aufirst=Louis+Leo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligious+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USE2005-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-USE2005_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Parole de l'Orient, Volume 30</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-02-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Antisemitism+Worldwide+2004+-+Poland&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tau.ac.il%2FAnti-Semitism%2Fasw2004%2Fpoland.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligious+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/India.pdf">India, a Country Study</a>, <i>United States Library of Congress, Note on Ethnic groups</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6943598.stm">"India's model democracy"</a>. <i>News.bbc.co.uk</i>. 15 August 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=News.bbc.co.uk&rft.atitle=India%27s+model+democracy&rft.date=2007-08-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fsouth_asia%2F6943598.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligious+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-veer-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-veer_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFvan_der_Veer1994" class="citation book cs1">van der Veer, Peter (1994). <i>Religious nationalism: Hindus and Muslims in India</i>. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religious+nationalism%3A+Hindus+and+Muslims+in+India&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+CA&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=van+der+Veer&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligious+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/hindutva-is-not-the-same-as-hinduism-said-savarkar/cid/1699550">"Hindutva is not the same as Hinduism said Savarkar"</a>. <i>www.telegraphindia.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.telegraphindia.com&rft.atitle=Hindutva+is+not+the+same+as+Hinduism+said+Savarkar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraphindia.com%2Findia%2Fhindutva-is-not-the-same-as-hinduism-said-savarkar%2Fcid%2F1699550&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligious+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAhmed2016" class="citation web cs1">Ahmed, Ishtiaq (27 May 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200726001304/https://www.thefridaytimes.com/tft/the-dissenters/">"The dissenters"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Friday_Times" title="The Friday Times">The Friday Times</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thefridaytimes.com/the-dissenters/">the original</a> on 26 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+dissenters&rft.pub=The+Friday+Times&rft.date=2016-05-27&rft.aulast=Ahmed&rft.aufirst=Ishtiaq&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefridaytimes.com%2Fthe-dissenters%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligious+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hazzani-131-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hazzani-131_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFḤaqqānī2005" class="citation book cs1">Ḥaqqānī, Husain (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nYppZ_dEjdIC&pg=PA132"><i>Pakistan: between mosque and military</i></a>. Washington: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. p. 131. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87003-214-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-87003-214-3"><bdi>0-87003-214-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2010</span>. <q>Zia ul-Haq is often identified as the person most responsible for turning Pakistan into a global center for political Islam. ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pakistan%3A+between+mosque+and+military&rft.place=Washington&rft.pages=131&rft.pub=Carnegie+Endowment+for+International+Peace&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-87003-214-3&rft.aulast=%E1%B8%A4aqq%C4%81n%C4%AB&rft.aufirst=Husain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnYppZ_dEjdIC%26pg%3DPA132&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligious+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMakhaus2009" class="citation journal cs1">Makhaus, Ken (August 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F03071840903216395">"Somalia: What went Wrong?"</a>. <i>The RUSI Journal</i>. <b>154</b> (4): 8. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F03071840903216395">10.1080/03071840903216395</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:219626653">219626653</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+RUSI+Journal&rft.atitle=Somalia%3A+What+went+Wrong%3F&rft.volume=154&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=8&rft.date=2009-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F03071840903216395&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A219626653%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Makhaus&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%252F03071840903216395&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligious+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAllenGakuo_Mwangi2021" class="citation book cs1">Allen, William; Gakuo Mwangi, Oscar (25 March 2021). "Al-Shabaab". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221229155041/https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-785;jsessionid=8BDD05A94FB4CB9BB15D9428A61BB66C?rskey=cj1t0b&result=1"><i>Oxford Research Encyclopedias: African History</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facrefore%2F9780190277734.013.785">10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.785</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-027773-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-027773-4"><bdi>978-0-19-027773-4</bdi></a>. 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"State Shinto in the Lives of the People: The Establishment of Emperor Worship, Modern Nationalism, and Shrine Shinto in Late Meiji". <i>Journal of the American Academy of Religion</i>. <b>73</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">1077–</span>1098. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjaarel%2Flfi115">10.1093/jaarel/lfi115</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Academy+of+Religion&rft.atitle=State+Shinto+in+the+Lives+of+the+People%3A+The+Establishment+of+Emperor+Worship%2C+Modern+Nationalism%2C+and+Shrine+Shinto+in+Late+Meiji&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1077-%3C%2Fspan%3E1098&rft.date=2005-12-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fjaarel%2Flfi115&rft.aulast=Shimazono&rft.aufirst=Susumu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligious+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kinnvall, Catarina. 2007. "Situating Sikh and Hindu Nationalism in India." In <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XJzUzWDwZ4kC">Globalization and Religious Nationalism in India: The Search for Ontological Security</a></i>, (<i>Routledge Advances in International Relations and Global Politics</i> 46). London: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781134135707" title="Special:BookSources/9781134135707">9781134135707</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFShah1997" class="citation cs2">Shah, Mehtab Ali (1997), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7czT4fipTyoC&q=khalistan+lahore&pg=PA25"><i>The Foreign Policy of Pakistan: Ethnic Impacts on Diplomacy 1971–1994</i></a>, I.B.Tauris, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781860641695" title="Special:BookSources/9781860641695"><bdi>9781860641695</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Foreign+Policy+of+Pakistan%3A+Ethnic+Impacts+on+Diplomacy+1971%E2%80%931994&rft.pub=I.B.Tauris&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9781860641695&rft.aulast=Shah&rft.aufirst=Mehtab+Ali&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7czT4fipTyoC%26q%3Dkhalistan%2Blahore%26pg%3DPA25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligious+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Becker2005-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Becker2005_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJasper_Becker2005" class="citation book cs1">Jasper Becker (1 May 2005). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rogueregimekimjo00beck"><i>Rogue Regime : Kim Jong Il and the Looming Threat of North Korea: Kim Jong Il and the Looming Threat of North Korea</i></a></span>. Oxford University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rogueregimekimjo00beck/page/78">78</a>–80. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-803810-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-803810-8"><bdi>978-0-19-803810-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rogue+Regime+%3A+Kim+Jong+Il+and+the+Looming+Threat+of+North+Korea%3A+Kim+Jong+Il+and+the+Looming+Threat+of+North+Korea&rft.pages=78-80&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005-05-01&rft.isbn=978-0-19-803810-8&rft.au=Jasper+Becker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frogueregimekimjo00beck&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligious+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religious_nationalism&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFeldmanTurdaGeorgescu2008" class="citation book cs1">Feldman, Matthew; Turda, Marius; Georgescu, Tudor, eds. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KcfhAQAAQBAJ"><i>Clerical Fascism in Interwar Europe</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781317968993" title="Special:BookSources/9781317968993"><bdi>9781317968993</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Clerical+Fascism+in+Interwar+Europe&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9781317968993&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKcfhAQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligious+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religious_nationalism&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madhu_Kishwar" title="Madhu Kishwar">Madhu Kishwar</a>, Religion at the service of nationalism and other essays (Oxford University Press, 1998). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0195641612" title="Special:BookSources/0195641612">0195641612</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFElst2001" class="citation book cs1">Elst, Koenraad (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=b_ltAAAAMAAJ"><i>Decolonizing the Hindu mind: ideological development of Hindu revivalism</i></a>. Rupa & Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788171675197" title="Special:BookSources/9788171675197"><bdi>9788171675197</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Decolonizing+the+Hindu+mind%3A+ideological+development+of+Hindu+revivalism&rft.pub=Rupa+%26+Co.&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9788171675197&rft.aulast=Elst&rft.aufirst=Koenraad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Db_ltAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligious+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFElst2001" class="citation book cs1">Elst, Koenraad (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9G3XAAAAMAAJ"><i>The Saffron Swastika: The Notion of "Hindu Fascism"</i></a>. Voice of India. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788185990699" title="Special:BookSources/9788185990699"><bdi>9788185990699</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Saffron+Swastika%3A+The+Notion+of+%22Hindu+Fascism%22&rft.pub=Voice+of+India&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9788185990699&rft.aulast=Elst&rft.aufirst=Koenraad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9G3XAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligious+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2145843">Von der Mehden, Fred R. "Marxism and Early Indonesian Islamic Nationalism". Political Science Quarterly, vol. 73, no. 3, 1958, pp. 335–351. JSTOR</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/islam-secularism-and-nationalism-in-modern-turkey-who-is-a-turk">Soner Cagaptay, "Islam, Secularism, and Nationalism in Modern Turkey", 2006.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/jokowi-turns-to-islam-nationalism-to-preserve-indonesias-diversity">Endy Bayuni, "Jokowi turns to Islam-nationalism to preserve Indonesia's diversity", The Staits Times, APR 15, 2017</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://press.princeton.edu/titles/10250.html">Jenny White, "Muslim Nationalism and the New Turks", Princeton University Press, 2014</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJuergensmeyer2010" class="citation journal cs1">Juergensmeyer, Mark (2010-06-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/10357711003736436">"The global rise of religious nationalism"</a>. <i>Australian Journal of International Affairs</i>. <b>64</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">262–</span>273. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F10357711003736436">10.1080/10357711003736436</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1035-7718">1035-7718</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154834714">154834714</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+Journal+of+International+Affairs&rft.atitle=The+global+rise+of+religious+nationalism&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E262-%3C%2Fspan%3E273&rft.date=2010-06-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154834714%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1035-7718&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F10357711003736436&rft.aulast=Juergensmeyer&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%2F10357711003736436&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligious+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJuergensmeyer1996" class="citation journal cs1">Juergensmeyer, Mark (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24357402">"The Worldwide Rise of Religious Nationalism"</a>. <i>Journal of International Affairs</i>. <b>50</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">1–</span>20. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0022-197X">0022-197X</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24357402">24357402</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+International+Affairs&rft.atitle=The+Worldwide+Rise+of+Religious+Nationalism&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E20&rft.date=1996&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F24357402%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0022-197X&rft.aulast=Juergensmeyer&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F24357402&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligious+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religious_nationalism&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Religious_nationalism" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Religious nationalism">Religious nationalism</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Religion_in_politics208" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Religion_and_politics" title="Template:Religion and politics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Religion_and_politics" title="Template talk:Religion and politics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Religion_and_politics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Religion and politics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Religion_in_politics208" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_politics" title="Religion in politics">Religion in politics</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="General_concepts208" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">General concepts</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-clericalism" title="Anti-clericalism">Anti-clericalism</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Anti-clericalism_and_Freemasonry" title="Anti-clericalism and Freemasonry">Anti-clericalism and Freemasonry</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesaropapism" title="Caesaropapism">Caesaropapism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_religion" title="Civil religion">Civil religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clericalism" title="Clericalism">Clericalism</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Clerical_fascism" title="Clerical fascism">Clerical fascism</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confessionalism_(politics)" title="Confessionalism (politics)">Confessionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_references_to_God" title="Constitutional references to God">Constitutional references to God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_law" title="Divine law">Divine law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_rule" class="mw-redirect" title="Divine rule">Divine rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engaged_Spirituality" class="mw-redirect" title="Engaged Spirituality">Engaged Spirituality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_theology" title="Feminist theology">Feminist theology</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Thealogy" title="Thealogy">Thealogy</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Womanist_theology" title="Womanist theology">Womanist theology</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">Freedom of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanism" title="Humanism">Humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identity_politics" title="Identity politics">Identity politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organized_secularism" title="Organized secularism">Organized secularism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Political religion">Political religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious anarchism">Religious anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Masonry#Religious_anti-Masonry" title="Anti-Masonry">Religious anti-Masonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_anti-Zionism" title="Religious anti-Zionism">Religious anti-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_communism" title="Religious communism">Religious communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_humanism" title="Religious humanism">Religious humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_law" title="Religious law">Religious law</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Religious nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacifism#Religious_attitudes" title="Pacifism">Religious pacifism</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_peacebuilding" title="Religion and peacebuilding">Religion and peacebuilding</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_police" title="Religious police">Religious police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_rejection_of_politics" title="Religious rejection of politics">Religious rejection of politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_segregation" title="Religious segregation">Religious segregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separatism#Religious" title="Separatism">Religious separatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_socialism" title="Religious socialism">Religious socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_views_on_same-sex_marriage" title="Religious views on same-sex marriage">Religious views on same-sex marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_humanism" title="Secular humanism">Secular humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_liberalism" title="Secular liberalism">Secular liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_state" title="Secular state">Secular state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularism" title="Secularism">Secularism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularity" title="Secularity">Secularity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularization" title="Secularization">Secularization</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Secular_religion" title="Secular religion">Secular religion</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">Separation of church and state</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritual_left" title="Spiritual left">Spiritual left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_atheism" title="State atheism">State atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">State religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theocracy" title="Theocracy">Theocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theonomy" title="Theonomy">Theonomy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Christianity_and_politics208" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_politics" title="Christianity and politics">Christianity and politics</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blaine_Amendment" title="Blaine Amendment">Blaine Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_anarchism" title="Christian anarchism">Christian anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism#Catholics" title="Anti-communism">Christian anti-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_Freemasonry_within_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Opposition to Freemasonry within Christianity">Christian anti-Masonry</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Papal_ban_of_Freemasonry" title="Papal ban of Freemasonry">Papal ban</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism#Christian" title="Anti-Zionism">Christian anti-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_communism" title="Christian communism">Christian communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporatism#Christianity" title="Corporatism">Christian corporatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_egalitarianism" title="Christian egalitarianism">Christian egalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_environmentalism" title="Christian views on environmentalism">Christian environmentalism</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_environmentalism" title="Evangelical environmentalism">Evangelical environmentalism</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_fascism" title="Christian fascism">Christian fascism</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/German_Christians_(movement)" title="German Christians (movement)">German Christians (movement)</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/National_Catholicism" title="National Catholicism">National Catholicism</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Positive_Christianity" title="Positive Christianity">Positive Christianity</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reich_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Reich Church">Protestant Reich Church</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_feminism" title="Christian feminism">Christian feminism</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Mormon_feminism" title="Mormon feminism">Mormon feminism</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_humanism" title="Christian humanism">Christian humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian law">Christian law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_left" title="Christian left">Christian left</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_left" title="Evangelical left">Evangelical left</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_libertarianism" title="Christian libertarianism">Christian libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_nationalism" title="Christian nationalism">Christian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_pacifism" title="Christian pacifism">Christian pacifism</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Peacemaking#Christianity" title="Peacemaking">Christian peacemaking</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_reconstructionism" title="Christian reconstructionism">Christian reconstructionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_republic" title="Christian republic">Christian republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_right" title="Christian right">Christian right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_socialism" title="Christian socialism">Christian socialism</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Christian_Socialism_in_Utah" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Socialism in Utah">In Utah</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_state" title="Christian state">Christian state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Zionism" title="Christian Zionism">Christian Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisalpinism" title="Cisalpinism">Cisalpinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_Theology" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominion Theology">Dominion Theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Febronianism" title="Febronianism">Febronianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallicanism" title="Gallicanism">Gallicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_theology" title="Liberation theology">Liberation theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maronite_politics" title="Maronite politics">Maronite politics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phoenicianism" title="Phoenicianism">Phoenicianism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Papal state">Papal state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pillarisation" title="Pillarisation">Pillarisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_politics" title="Catholic Church and politics">Political Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relations_between_the_Catholic_Church_and_the_state" title="Relations between the Catholic Church and the state">Relations between the Catholic Church and the state</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Church%E2%80%93state_relations_in_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="Church–state relations in Argentina">In Argentina</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphere_sovereignty" title="Sphere sovereignty">Sphere sovereignty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subsidiarity_(Catholicism)" title="Subsidiarity (Catholicism)">Subsidiarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temporal_power_(papal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Temporal power (papal)">Temporal power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodemocracy" title="Theodemocracy">Theodemocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultramontanism" title="Ultramontanism">Ultramontanism</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Neo-ultramontanism" title="Neo-ultramontanism">Neo-ultramontanism</a></small></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Islam_and_politics208" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Political_aspects_of_Islam" title="Political aspects of Islam">Islam and politics</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hui_pan-nationalism" title="Hui pan-nationalism">Hui pan-nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairo_Declaration_on_Human_Rights_in_Islam" title="Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam">Human Rights in Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imamate" title="Imamate">Imamate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic anarchism">Islamic anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suppression_of_Freemasonry#Islamic_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Suppression of Freemasonry">Islamic anti-Masonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism#Muslim" title="Anti-Zionism">Islamic anti-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic democracy">Islamic democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_fascism" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic fascism">Islamic fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_feminism" title="Islamic feminism">Islamic feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">Sharia law</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Application_of_Islamic_law_by_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Application of Islamic law by country">by country</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_nationalism" title="Pakistani nationalism">In Pakistan</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Muslim_nationalism_in_South_Asia" title="Muslim nationalism in South Asia">In South Asia</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacifism_in_Islam" title="Pacifism in Islam">Islamic pacifism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_republic" title="Islamic republic">Islamic republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_socialism" title="Islamic socialism">Islamic socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_state" title="Islamic state">Islamic state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_supporters_of_Israel" title="Muslim supporters of Israel">Islamic Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Islamism" title="Criticism of Islamism">Criticism</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamization" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamization">Islamization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khilafat" class="mw-redirect" title="Khilafat">Khilafat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petro-Islam" title="Petro-Islam">Petro-Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_quietism" class="mw-redirect" title="Political quietism">Political quietism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Talibanization" title="Talibanization">Talibanization</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-nation_theory" title="Two-nation theory">Two-nation theory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Judaism_and_politics208" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Judaism_and_politics" title="Judaism and politics">Judaism and politics</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Halachic_state" title="Halachic state">Halachic state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish anarchism">Jewish anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism#Jewish_anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">Jewish anti-Zionism</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Haredim_and_Zionism" title="Haredim and Zionism">Haredim</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Autonomism" title="Jewish Autonomism">Jewish Autonomism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_and_democratic_state" title="Jewish and democratic state">Jewish democracy</a></li> <li>Jewish fascism <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Kahanism" title="Kahanism">Kahanism</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Revisionist_Maximalism" title="Revisionist Maximalism">Revisionist Maximalism</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_feminism" title="Jewish feminism">Jewish feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish law">Jewish law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_left" title="Jewish left">Jewish left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacifism#Judaism" title="Pacifism">Jewish pacifism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_political_movements" title="Jewish political movements">Jewish political movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_right" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish right">Jewish right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_secularism" title="Jewish secularism">Jewish secularism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_socialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish socialism">Jewish socialism</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Bundism" title="Bundism">Bundism</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poale_Zion" title="Poale Zion">Poale Zion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Zionism" title="Religious Zionism">Religious</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Agudath_Israel" title="World Agudath Israel">World Agudath Israel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Hinduism_and_politics208" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu politics">Hinduism and politics</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akhand_Bharat" title="Akhand Bharat">Akhand Bharat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_India#Hindu_feminism" title="Feminism in India">Hindu feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhism#Religion" title="Gandhism">Gandhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_law" title="Hindu law">Hindu law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Vedanta" title="Neo-Vedanta">Hindu modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_nationalism" title="Hindu nationalism">Hindu nationalism</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindutva</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Rashtra" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu Rashtra">Hindu Rashtra</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Panun_Kashmir" title="Panun Kashmir">Panun Kashmir</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Bangabhumi" title="Bangabhumi">Bangabhumi</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_revolution" title="Hindu revolution">Hindu revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_revivalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu revivalism">Hindu revivalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_environmentalism#Hinduism" title="Religion and environmentalism">Hindu environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integral_humanism_(India)" title="Integral humanism (India)">Integral humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Aryans" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous Aryans">Indigenous Aryans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama#Rama_Rajya" title="Rama">Rama Rajya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saffronisation" title="Saffronisation">Saffronisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuddhi_(Hinduism)" title="Shuddhi (Hinduism)">Shuddhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniform_civil_code" class="mw-redirect" title="Uniform civil code">Uniform civil code</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Buddhism_and_politics208" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Buddhism and politics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism#Buddhists" title="Anti-communism">Buddhist anti-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_feminism" title="Buddhist feminism">Buddhist feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist law">Buddhist law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_modernism" title="Buddhist modernism">Buddhist modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Buddhism#Nationalism" title="Criticism of Buddhism">Buddhist nationalism</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/969_Movement" title="969 Movement">969 Movement</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Nichirenism" title="Nichirenism">Nichirenism</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_Buddhist_nationalism" title="Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism">Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_socialism" title="Buddhist socialism">Buddhist socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engaged_Buddhism" title="Engaged Buddhism">Engaged Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanistic_Buddhism" title="Humanistic Buddhism">Humanistic Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_Buddhism" title="Secular Buddhism">Secular Buddhism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other208" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_civil_religion" title="American civil religion">American civil religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disestablishmentarianism" title="Disestablishmentarianism">Disestablishmentarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_cult_(ancient_Rome)" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial cult (ancient Rome)">Imperial cult</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_ancient_Rome" title="Religion in ancient Rome">Ancient Rome</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottgl%C3%A4ubig" title="Gottgläubig">Gottgläubig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalistan_movement" title="Khalistan movement">Khalistan movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reclaiming_(Neopaganism)" title="Reclaiming (Neopaganism)">Neopaganist feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_aspects_of_Nazism" title="Religious aspects of Nazism">Religious aspects of Nazism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Creativity_(religion)" title="Creativity (religion)">Creativity (religion)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cult_of_personality" title="Cult of personality">Cult of personality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Shinto" title="State Shinto">State Shinto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nationalism62" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nationalism" title="Template:Nationalism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nationalism" title="Template talk:Nationalism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nationalism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nationalism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nationalism62" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Nationalism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Development</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism_in_Antiquity" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalism in Antiquity">Nationalism in Antiquity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Nationalism in the Middle Ages">Nationalism in the Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_anthem" title="National anthem">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_colours" title="National colours">Colours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_flag" title="National flag">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_epic" title="National epic">Epic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_god" title="National god">God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_identity" title="National identity">Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_language" title="National language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_nationalism" title="Musical nationalism">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_myth" title="National myth">Myth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_sport" title="National sport">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbol" title="National symbol">Symbol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Animal" class="mw-redirect" title="National Animal">Animal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Emblem" title="National Emblem">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floral_emblem" class="mw-redirect" title="Floral emblem">Flower</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_treasure" title="National treasure">Treasure</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By type</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_nationalism" title="African nationalism">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National-anarchism" title="National-anarchism">Anarchist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blind_nationalism" title="Blind nationalism">Blind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourgeois_nationalism" title="Bourgeois nationalism">Bourgeois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_nationalism" title="Business nationalism">Business</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_chauvinism" title="Welfare chauvinism">Welfare</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civic_nationalism" title="Civic nationalism">Civic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_patriotism" title="Constitutional patriotism">Constitutional patriotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Corporate nationalism">Corporate-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyber-nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyber-nationalism">Cyber-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-nationalism" title="Eco-nationalism">Ecological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_nationalism" title="Economic nationalism">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_nationalism" title="Ethnic nationalism">Ethnic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-European_nationalism" title="Pan-European nationalism">European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expansionist_nationalism" title="Expansionist nationalism">Expansionist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palingenetic_ultranationalism" title="Palingenetic ultranationalism">Palingenetic ultranationalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homonationalism" title="Homonationalism">Homo-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integral_nationalism" title="Integral nationalism">Integral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_nationalism" title="Left-wing nationalism">Left-wing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_communism" title="National communism">Communist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_imperialism" title="Linguistic imperialism">Linguistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_mysticism" title="National mysticism">Mystic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-nationalism" title="Neo-nationalism">Neo-/New</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-nationalism" title="Pan-nationalism">Pan-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_nationalism" title="Queer nationalism">Queer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism" title="Right-wing populism">Right-wing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_nationalism" title="Racial nationalism">Racial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_nationalism" title="Arab nationalism">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berberism" title="Berberism">Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_nationalism" title="Black nationalism">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_ethnic_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean ethnic nationalism">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_nationalism" title="White nationalism">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Religious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_nationalism" title="Christian nationalism">Christian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Catholicism" title="National Catholicism">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerico-nationalism" title="Clerico-nationalism">Clerico-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DezNat" title="DezNat">Mormon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_nationalism" title="Hindu nationalism">Hindu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindutva</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_nationalism" title="Islamic nationalism">Islamic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_nationalism" title="Resource nationalism">Resource</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_nationalism" title="Revolutionary nationalism">Revolutionary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnocacerism" title="Ethnocacerism">Ethnocacerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_syndicalism" title="National syndicalism">National syndicalist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Falangism" title="Falangism">Falangism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fascist_movements" title="List of fascist movements">List of fascist movements</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_nationalism" title="Romantic nationalism">Romantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technological_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Technological nationalism">Technological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_nationalism" title="Territorial nationalism">Territorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_terrorism" title="Nationalist terrorism">Terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnationalism" title="Transnationalism">Trans-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultranationalism" title="Ultranationalism">Ultra-</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ultranationalism_(Japan)" title="Ultranationalism (Japan)">Japan</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_nationalist_organizations" title="List of nationalist organizations">List of nationalist organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Clubs" title="Nationalist Clubs">Nationalist Clubs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_nationalism" title="Anarchism and nationalism">Anarchism and nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anationalism">Anationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-nationalism">Anti-nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banal_nationalism" title="Banal nationalism">Banal nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_nationalism" title="Cultural nationalism">Cultural nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diaspora_politics" title="Diaspora politics">Diaspora politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliminationism" title="Eliminationism">Eliminationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exceptionalism" title="Exceptionalism">Exceptionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastronationalism" title="Gastronationalism">Gastronationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism_and_gender" title="Nationalism and gender">Gender and nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historiography_and_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Historiography and nationalism">Historiography and nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalism_(politics)" title="Internationalism (politics)">Internationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irredentism" title="Irredentism">Irredentism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingoism" title="Jingoism">Jingoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation-building" title="Nation-building">Nation-building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_indifference" title="National indifference">National indifference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_question" title="National question">National question</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_revival" title="National revival">National revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation_state" title="Nation state">Nation state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism_studies" title="Nationalism studies">Nationalism studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_border" title="Natural border">Natural border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plurinationalism" title="Plurinationalism">Plurinationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Principle_of_nationalities&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Principle of nationalities (page does not exist)">Principle of nationalities</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principe_des_nationalit%C3%A9s" class="extiw" title="fr:Principe des nationalités">fr</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revanchism" title="Revanchism">Revanchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State-building" title="State-building">State-building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wars_of_national_liberation" title="Wars of national liberation">Wars of national liberation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religious_nationalism&oldid=1277243264">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religious_nationalism&oldid=1277243264</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" 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