Jose P. Laurel | president of the Philippines

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Laurel</h1> <div class="topic-identifier subhead">president of the Philippines</div> <div class="md-article-content"> <div class="md-main-channels grid grid-gutter-right"> <div class="grid-md-16 grid-xs"> <div class="md-byline"> <div class="grid"> <div class="written-by grid-md-100 grid-xs"> <div class="subhead">Written By:</div> <a href="/web/20161110173823/https://www.britannica.com/editor/The-Editors-of-Encyclopdia-Britannica/4419"> The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica</a> <small class="sm-hidden xs-hidden"><em></em></small> </div> <div class="last-updated grid-md-100 grid-sm-shrink xs-hidden"> <div class="subhead">Last Updated:</div> <time>10-28-2016</time> <a class="line-break" id="see-history" data-type="accordion-link" href="#Article-History" rel="nofollow">See Article History</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="md-center-channel grid-md"> <div class="md-alternate-titles"> <strong>Alternative Title:</strong> José Paciano Laurel</div> <article> <section id="toc332378main" data-level="intro"><div class="md-content-module-right grid-xs-ad-300"> <div class="bio-box fact-box xs-hidden gutter-bottom"> <div class="title">Jose P. Laurel</div> <div class="subhead">President of the Philippines</div> <div class="fact-box-details"> <dl class="bio-data"><dt class="title">born</dt><dd class="content"><p>March 9, 1891</p><p>Tanauan<span>, </span><a href="/web/20161110173823/https://www.britannica.com/place/Philippines">Philippines</a></p></dd><dt class="title">died</dt><dd class="content"><p>November 6, 1959</p><p><a href="/web/20161110173823/https://www.britannica.com/place/Manila">Manila</a><span>, </span><a href="/web/20161110173823/https://www.britannica.com/place/Philippines">Philippines</a></p></dd></dl></div> </div> <div class="md-ad gutter-bottom"> <div data-refresh="true" id="div-gpt-ad-8f2d3b10-7868-4a16-9675-84927e0f4dbe" data-slot="BOT" class="google-ad-iframe ui-hide-on-modal "> <script type="text/javascript" data-type="display gpt">googletag.cmd.push(function() { headertag.display('div-gpt-ad-8f2d3b10-7868-4a16-9675-84927e0f4dbe'); });</script> </div> </div> <div class="similar-people md-content-module-right grid-xs-ad-300"> <div class="xs-hidden"> <div class="subhead">Related Biographies</div> <ul class="dots gutter-bottom"> <li> <a href="/web/20161110173823/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Manny-Pacquiao">Manny Pacquiao</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20161110173823/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Emilio-Aguinaldo">Emilio Aguinaldo</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20161110173823/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Benigno-Aquino-III">Benigno Aquino III</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20161110173823/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ferdinand-E-Marcos">Ferdinand E. 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Laurel</span></strong><strong>, </strong>in full <span class="alternate">José Paciano Laurel</span> (born <span>March 9, 1891</span>, Tanauan, Luzon, Philippines—died <span>November 6, 1959</span>, <a class="md-crosslink" href="/web/20161110173823/https://www.britannica.com/place/Manila"><span property="about" href="https://semantic.britannica.com/accepted_headword/core/362270/Manila">Manila</span></a>) <a class="md-crosslink" href="/web/20161110173823/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Filipino-people"><span property="about" href="https://semantic.britannica.com/accepted_headword/core/206877/Filipino">Filipino</span></a> lawyer, politician, and jurist, who served as president of the <a class="md-crosslink" href="/web/20161110173823/https://www.britannica.com/place/Philippines"><span property="about" href="https://semantic.britannica.com/accepted_headword/core/456399/Philippines">Philippines</span></a> (1943–45) during the Japanese occupation during <a class="md-crosslink" href="/web/20161110173823/https://www.britannica.com/event/World-War-II"><span property="about" href="https://semantic.britannica.com/accepted_headword/core/648813/World-War-II">World War II</span></a>.</p><div class="other-media gutter-bottom"><ul><li><figure data-layout="column" class="center-xs middle-xs"><a href="/web/20161110173823/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jose-P-Laurel/images-videos/Jose-Paciano-Laurel/39702" data-id="39702" data-type="image" class="media-overlay-link"><div class="image-wrapper"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20161110173823im_/https://media1.britannica.com/eb-media/31/47131-004-A0779D0B.jpg" alt=""><em class="material-icons" data-icon="zoom_in"></em></div></a><figcaption class="text-center"><div class="description"><div class="description-text">José Paciano Laurel.</div><div class="credit"><em>Popperfoto</em></div></div></figcaption></figure></li></ul></div><p class="md-content-block gutter-bottom">Laurel was born and raised in a town south of <a class="md-crosslink" href="/web/20161110173823/https://www.britannica.com/place/Manila"><span property="about" href="https://semantic.britannica.com/accepted_headword/core/362270/Manila">Manila</span></a>. His father served in the cabinet of <a class="md-crosslink" href="/web/20161110173823/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Emilio-Aguinaldo"><span property="about" href="https://semantic.britannica.com/accepted_headword/core/9892/Emilio-Aguinaldo">Emilio Aguinaldo</span></a> in the late 1890s. The younger Laurel received a law degree from the University of the Philippines in 1915 and an advanced jurisprudence degree in 1919 before earning a doctorate in civil law from <a class="md-crosslink" href="/web/20161110173823/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Yale-University"><span property="about" href="https://semantic.britannica.com/accepted_headword/core/651384/Yale-University">Yale University</span></a> in the <a class="md-crosslink" href="/web/20161110173823/https://www.britannica.com/place/United-States"><span property="about" href="https://semantic.britannica.com/accepted_headword/core/616563/United-States">United States</span></a> in 1920. He entered politics and was elected to the Philippine Senate in 1925, serving there until he was appointed an associate justice of the Supreme Court in 1936.</p><p class="md-content-block gutter-bottom">Following the Japanese <a class="md-crosslink" href="/web/20161110173823/https://www.britannica.com/event/Pearl-Harbor-attack"><span property="about" href="https://semantic.britannica.com/accepted_headword/core/448010/Pearl-Harbor-attack">attack on Pearl Harbor</span></a>, <a class="md-crosslink" href="/web/20161110173823/https://www.britannica.com/place/Hawaii-state"><span property="about" href="https://semantic.britannica.com/accepted_headword/core/257332/Hawaii">Hawaii</span></a> (December 1941), and the subsequent Japanese assault on the Philippines, Laurel stayed in Manila; President <a class="md-crosslink" href="/web/20161110173823/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Manuel-Quezon"><span property="about" href="https://semantic.britannica.com/accepted_headword/core/487202/Manuel-Quezon">Manuel Quezon</span></a> had escaped, first to the <a class="md-crosslink" href="/web/20161110173823/https://www.britannica.com/place/Bataan-Peninsula"><span property="about" href="https://semantic.britannica.com/accepted_headword/core/55722/Bataan-Peninsula">Bataan Peninsula</span></a> and then to the United States. Laurel offered his services to the Japanese, and, because of his criticism of U.S. rule of the Philippines, he held a series of high posts in 1942–43, climaxing in his selection as president in 1943. Twice in that year he was shot by Philippine guerrillas, but each time he recovered. In July 1946 he was charged with dozens of counts of <a class="md-crosslink" href="/web/20161110173823/https://www.britannica.com/topic/treason"><span property="about" href="https://semantic.britannica.com/accepted_headword/core/603715/treason">treason</span></a>, but he never stood trial; he shared in a general <a class="md-crosslink" href="/web/20161110173823/https://www.britannica.com/topic/amnesty"><span property="about" href="https://semantic.britannica.com/accepted_headword/core/21126/amnesty">amnesty</span></a> declared by President <a class="md-crosslink" href="/web/20161110173823/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Manuel-Roxas-y-Acuna"><span property="about" href="https://semantic.britannica.com/accepted_headword/core/511166/Manuel-Roxas">Manuel Roxas</span></a> in April 1948.</p><p class="md-content-block gutter-bottom">Laurel was the Nationalist Party’s nominee for the presidency of the Republic of the Philippines in 1949, but he was narrowly defeated by the incumbent president, <a class="md-crosslink" href="/web/20161110173823/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Elpidio-Quirino"><span property="about" href="https://semantic.britannica.com/accepted_headword/core/487536/Elpidio-Quirino">Elpidio Quirino</span></a>, the nominee of the Liberal Party. Elected to the Senate in 1951, Laurel helped to persuade <a name="ref245201" id="ref245201" class="idxref"></a><a class="md-crosslink" href="/web/20161110173823/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ramon-Magsaysay"><span property="about" href="https://semantic.britannica.com/accepted_headword/core/357732/Ramon-Magsaysay">Ramon Magsaysay</span></a>, then secretary of defense, to desert the Liberals and join the Nationalists. When Magsaysay became president, Laurel headed an economic mission that in 1955 negotiated an agreement to improve economic relations with the United States. He retired from public life in 1957.</p></section></article> <div class="md-learn-more" data-module="learn-more" data-value="learn-more"> <h2>Learn More <span>in these related articles:</span></h2> <div class="index-group"><h3 class="group-title">in <strong>Philippines</strong></h3><div class="entry"><div class="title"><a href="/web/20161110173823/https://www.britannica.com/place/Philippines/The-period-of-US-influence#ref387406">World War II</a></div><div class="description">The Executive Commission lasted until September 1943, when it was superseded by an “independent Philippine Republic.” The president, chosen by the Japanese, was José Laurel, former associate justice of the commonwealth Supreme Court and the only Filipino to hold an honorary degree from Tokyo Imperial University. More than half of the commonwealth Senate and more than...</div><div class="text-right"><a class="read-more" href="/web/20161110173823/https://www.britannica.com/place/Philippines/The-period-of-US-influence#ref387406">Read More</a></div></div><div class="entry"><div class="title"><a href="/web/20161110173823/https://www.britannica.com/place/Philippines">Philippines</a></div><div class="description"> island country of Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. It is an archipelago consisting of some 7,100 islands and islets lying about 500 miles (800 km) off the coast of Vietnam. Manila is the capital, but nearby Quezon City is the country’s most-populous city. 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The...</div><div class="text-right"><a class="read-more" href="/web/20161110173823/https://www.britannica.com/event/World-War-II">Read More</a></div></div></div></div> <div class="md-content-footer"> <div class="footer-feedback-link md-link"> <div class="md-feedback-cta grid no-gutter"> <div class="feedback grid-xs-shrink middle-xs"> <div class="title"> <em class="material-icons" data-icon="chat"></em> Feedback </div> </div> <div class="description grid-xs"> <span>Corrections? Updates? 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Jose P. Laurel | president of the Philippines | Britannica.com