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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Relevance of the charter to Hamas' policy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Relevance_of_the_charter_to_Hamas'_policy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Relevance of the charter to Hamas' policy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Relevance_of_the_charter_to_Hamas'_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1987–1993" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1987–1993"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>1987–1993</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1987–1993-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1994–2005" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1994–2005"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>1994–2005</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1994–2005-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2005_until_2010" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2005_until_2010"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>2005 until 2010</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2005_until_2010-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2011_until_2016" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2011_until_2016"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>2011 until 2016</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2011_until_2016-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Since_2017" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Since_2017"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Since 2017</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Since_2017-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Summary_of_the_1988_charter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Summary_of_the_1988_charter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Summary of the 1988 charter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Summary_of_the_1988_charter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Analysis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Analysis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Analysis</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Analysis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Analysis subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Analysis-sublist" 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href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C6%8FMAS_Nizamnam%C9%99si_(1988)" title="HƏMAS Nizamnaməsi (1988) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="HƏMAS Nizamnaməsi (1988)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamasova_povelja_iz_1988." title="Hamasova povelja iz 1988. – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hamasova povelja iz 1988." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carta_Fundacional_de_Ham%C3%A0s" title="Carta Fundacional de Hamàs – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Carta Fundacional de Hamàs" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas-Charta" title="Hamas-Charta – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hamas-Charta" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carta_Fundacional_de_Ham%C3%A1s" title="Carta Fundacional de Hamás – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Carta Fundacional de Hamás" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1_%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B8%DB%B8_%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="منشور ۱۹۸۸ حماس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="منشور ۱۹۸۸ حماس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charte_du_Hamas" title="Charte du Hamas – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Charte du Hamas" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%AA_%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A1" title="אמנת חמאס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אמנת חמאס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handvest_van_Hamas" title="Handvest van Hamas – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Handvest van Hamas" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas%E2%80%99_charter" title="Hamas’ charter – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hamas’ charter" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas_stadgar" title="Hamas stadgar – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hamas stadgar" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas_Bildirisi" title="Hamas Bildirisi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hamas Bildirisi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1988%E5%B9%B4%E5%93%88%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%E5%AE%AA%E7%AB%A0" title="1988年哈马斯宪章 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1988年哈马斯宪章" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2916197#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div 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decoding="async" width="125" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/188px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/250px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hamas Charter</a></li> <li>Chairman of the Political Bureau: <a href="/wiki/Yahya_Sinwar" title="Yahya Sinwar">Yahya Sinwar</a></li> <li>Chief in the Gaza Strip: <a href="/wiki/Yahya_Sinwar" title="Yahya Sinwar">Yahya Sinwar</a></li> <li>Military commander: <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Deif" title="Mohammed Deif">Mohammed Deif</a></li> <li>Military spokesman: <a href="/wiki/Abu_Obaida_(Hamas)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Obaida (Hamas)">Abu Obaida</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">National symbols</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;;text-align:center;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_flag" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian flag">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Anthem" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian National Anthem">National anthem</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Legislative Council</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Legislative_Council" title="Palestinian Legislative Council">Palestinian Legislative Council</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Current_members_of_Palestinian_Legislative_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Current members of Palestinian Legislative Council">Current members</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Palestinian_Legislative_Council" title="Speaker of the Palestinian Legislative Council">Speaker</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Aziz_Dweik" title="Aziz Dweik">Aziz Dweik</a> (not in Gaza)</dd></dl></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Elections</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Palestine" title="Elections in Palestine">Elections</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Electoral_districts_of_the_Palestinian_National_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Electoral districts of the Palestinian National Authority">Electoral districts</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Palestinian_National_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties in the Palestinian National Authority">Political parties</a></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Administrative divisions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governorates_of_Palestine" title="Governorates of Palestine">Governorates</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_Gaza_Strip" title="List of cities in the Gaza Strip">Cities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Foreign relations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_positions_on_the_nature_of_Hamas" class="mw-redirect" title="International positions on the nature of Hamas">International positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamastan" title="Hamastan">Hamastan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Authority_passport" title="Palestinian Authority passport">Palestinian Authority passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatah%E2%80%93Hamas_reconciliation_process" title="Fatah–Hamas reconciliation process">Fatah–Hamas reconciliation process</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Template:Politics of the Gaza Strip"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Template talk:Politics of the Gaza Strip"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of the Gaza Strip"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For Hamas' revised document, see <a href="/wiki/2017_Hamas_charter" title="2017 Hamas charter">2017 Hamas charter</a>.</div> <p>The <b>Covenant of the Islamic Resistance Movement</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ميثاق حركة المقاومة الإسلامية حماس</span>), referred to as the <b>Hamas Covenant</b> or <b>Hamas Charter</b>, was issued by <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a> (the Islamic Resistance Movement) on 18 August 1988 and outlines the organization's founding identity, positions, and aims.<sup id="cite_ref-avalon_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avalon-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017, Hamas unveiled <a href="/wiki/2017_Hamas_charter" title="2017 Hamas charter">a revised charter</a>, without explicitly revoking the 1988 charter.<sup id="cite_ref-CNNqiblawi_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNNqiblawi-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Brenner205_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brenner205-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The original Charter identified Hamas as the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood" title="Muslim Brotherhood">Muslim Brotherhood</a> in Palestine and described its members to be god-fearing <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> raising the banner of <a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">Jihad</a> (armed struggle) in "the face of the oppressors." The charter defines the struggle to be against the Jews and calls for the eventual creation of an <a href="/wiki/Islamic_state" title="Islamic state">Islamic</a> Palestinian state in all of former <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Mandatory Palestine</a>, and the obliteration or dissolution of Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-coh_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coh-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The charter has been criticized for its use of antisemitic language,<sup id="cite_ref-Tiffany_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tiffany-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cnn-war-crime_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnn-war-crime-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which some commentators have characterized as <a href="/wiki/Incitement_to_genocide" title="Incitement to genocide">incitement to genocide</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gourevitch_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gourevitch-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Goldberg_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goldberg-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hamas's <a href="/wiki/2017_Hamas_charter" title="2017 Hamas charter">2017 charter</a> removed the antisemitic language and clarified Hamas's struggle is with <a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionists</a>, not Jews.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since choosing to run candidates for office in elections, Hamas has downplayed the role of its charter.<sup id="cite_ref-new_hamas_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-new_hamas-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In direct contradiction of the Charter, in 2008 Hamas leader <a href="/wiki/Ismail_Haniyeh" title="Ismail Haniyeh">Ismail Haniyeh</a> stated that Hamas would agree to accept a Palestinian state along the <a href="/wiki/Green_Line_(Israel)" title="Green Line (Israel)">1967 borders</a>, and to offer a long-term truce with Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2010, Hamas leader <a href="/wiki/Khaled_Mashal" title="Khaled Mashal">Khaled Meshaal</a> stated that the Charter is "a piece of history and no longer relevant, but cannot be changed for internal reasons".<sup id="cite_ref-wrmea.com_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wrmea.com-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meshaal also stated that Hamas was ending its association with the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood" title="Muslim Brotherhood">Muslim Brotherhood</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mughrabi_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mughrabi-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2017 charter accepts a Palestinian state along the 1967 borders, though it maintains Hamas's refusal to recognize Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-Hroub3_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hroub3-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2></div> <p>In 1987, twenty years after the <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a>, the <a href="/wiki/First_Intifada" title="First Intifada">First Intifada</a> (1987–1993) began as a resistance of Israeli Occupation of Gaza and the West Bank.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A popular uprising, the First Intifada was led by multiple groups including <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Islamic_Jihad" title="Palestinian Islamic Jihad">Palestinian Islamic Jihad</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Organization" title="Palestine Liberation Organization">Palestine Liberation Organization</a> (PLO). After receiving official recognition as the <a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto government</a>, the PLO began to seek a negotiated solution with Israel in the form of a <a href="/wiki/Two-state_solution" title="Two-state solution">two-state solution</a>. A two-state solution was deemed unacceptable to Hamas, the <a href="/wiki/Palestinians" title="Palestinians">Palestinian</a> wing of the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood" title="Muslim Brotherhood">Muslim Brotherhood</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Holtmann_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holtmann-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the charter was written to fill the ideological gap between the PLO and Muslim Brotherhood supporters.<sup id="cite_ref-Mishal_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mishal-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Hamas's Deputy Foreign Minister Dr. <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Yousef" title="Ahmed Yousef">Ahmed Yousef</a>, the Charter "was ratified during the unique circumstances of the Uprising in 1988 as a necessary framework for dealing with a relentless occupation".<sup id="cite_ref-Yousef_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yousef-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, where the Muslim Brotherhood's ideology proposed a universal <a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamist</a> vision, Hamas's charter sought to narrow its focus on Palestinian nationalism and a strategy of armed struggle, or violent <a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">jihad</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mishal_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mishal-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While the PLO was nationalistic, its ideology was considerably more secular in nature compared to Hamas. Like the Muslim Brotherhood, Hamas subscribed to a neo-<a href="/wiki/Salafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Salafi">Salafi</a> jihadi theology that sought national liberation by violence as permitted by divine decree.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Holtmann_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holtmann-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While its language was far more religious, its political goals were identical to those of the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Covenant" title="Palestinian National Covenant">PLO's charter</a> and called for an armed struggle to retrieve the entire land of <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Palestine</a> as an Islamic <a href="/wiki/Waqf" title="Waqf">waqf</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mishal_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mishal-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The original charter's tone and portrayal of the <a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a> as a front in an eternal struggle between Muslims and Jews has been an obstacle for the organization's involvement in diplomatic forums involving Western nations.<sup id="cite_ref-CNNqiblawi_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNNqiblawi-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The updated charter published in 2017 walked back many of these assertions while adding questions regarding the ability of <a href="/wiki/Fatah" title="Fatah">Fatah</a> and its leader <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Abbas" title="Mahmoud Abbas">Mahmoud Abbas</a> to act as the sole legitimate representative for the Palestinians.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, the 2017 charter removed many references to the Muslim Brotherhood as the ties had damaged the group's relationship with <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, as the government considers the group to be a terrorist organization.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relevance_of_the_charter_to_Hamas'_policy"><span id="Relevance_of_the_charter_to_Hamas.27_policy"></span>Relevance of the charter to Hamas' policy</h2></div> <p>Scholars have debated how relevant the 1988 charter was to Hamas' policies. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1987–1993"><span id="1987.E2.80.931993"></span>1987–1993</h3></div> <p>In 1987–88, during the <a href="/wiki/First_Intifada#Trigger_for_the_uprising" title="First Intifada">initial phase of the First Intifada</a>, the 1988 Hamas Charter was written by one older <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a> leader and ratified by Hamas in a slight hurry, as instrument to "maintain the momentum" of the newly risen Palestinian "resistance generation", giving them broad strokes direction, partly expressed in religious Islamic and partly in political terminology; thus the explanation of the charter’s origins and purpose, given by <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Yousef" title="Ahmed Yousef">Ahmed Yousef</a>, former senior Political Adviser to Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Ismail_Haniyeh" title="Ismail Haniyeh">Haniyeh</a>, in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-Yousef_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yousef-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The charter, Yousef further added, in those early days reflected the views of the Elders in the face of a "relentless occupation". The details of its religious and political language had not been examined within the framework of international law, and an internal committee review to amend it was shelved out of concern not to offer concessions to Israel on a silver platter, as had <a href="/wiki/Fatah" title="Fatah">Fatah</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Accords" title="Oslo Accords">Oslo Accords</a> (1993–95).<sup id="cite_ref-Davis2016,41_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davis2016,41-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1994–2005"><span id="1994.E2.80.932005"></span>1994–2005</h3></div> <p>Dutch researcher Floor Janssen compared the 1988 charter (and other documents from that period) to Hamas's documents dated 1994-2005. Janssen found a significant shift in Hamas positions from 1988 to 1994-2005: </p> <ul><li>In contrast to 1988, Hamas no longer referred to the enemy as "Jews"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJanssen200943_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJanssen200943-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Hamas began introducing its positions on a peaceful solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict (a likely consequence of the <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Accords" title="Oslo Accords">Oslo Accords</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJanssen200945_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJanssen200945-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Hamas retained its goal of "liberating" Palestine in its entirety<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJanssen200947_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJanssen200947-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2005_until_2010">2005 until 2010</h3></div> <p>In January 2006, Hamas took part for the first time in <a href="/wiki/2006_Palestinian_legislative_election" title="2006 Palestinian legislative election">elections for the Palestinian Legislative Council</a>. This implied writing an electoral program in March 2005 and, after winning those elections, writing a government program in March 2006. Both programs have generally been perceived as more pragmatic and flexible (not mentioning Hamas’ claim to all of <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">mandatory Palestine</a> but just claiming sovereignty for the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian territories">Palestinian territories</a>), and 'de-emphasizing' <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, as compared to the 1988 charter.<sup id="cite_ref-KhaledHroub2006_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KhaledHroub2006-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The contrast of those 2005–2006 documents with the 1988 charter raised discussions in Palestine and elsewhere, about whether Hamas had changed its objectives and about how valid their original 1988 charter still was. <a href="/wiki/Khaled_Hroub" title="Khaled Hroub">Khaled Hroub</a>, Palestinian academic, argued (2006) that those 2005–2006 documents "represent (…) an evolution in Hamas’s political thinking toward pragmatism" and that Hamas had "genuinely" changed, but conceded that probably many were still highly skeptical about that idea.<sup id="cite_ref-new_hamas_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-new_hamas-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_al-Zahar" title="Mahmoud al-Zahar">Mahmoud al-Zahar</a>, co-founder of Hamas and <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_and_Expatriates_(State_of_Palestine)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Expatriates (State of Palestine)">Foreign Minister of the Palestinian Authority</a> from 2006 until 2007, on the contrary stated in 2006 that Hamas "will not change a single word in its covenant".<sup id="cite_ref-Goldberg2014_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goldberg2014-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, in 2007, <a href="/wiki/Mousa_Abu_Marzook" title="Mousa Abu Marzook">Mousa Abu Marzook</a>, Deputy Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Hamas#Political_Bureau" title="Hamas">Hamas Political Bureau</a>, stated that the 1988 charter could not be altered because it would look like a compromise not acceptable to the 'street' and risk fracturing the party's unity.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2009, Paul Scham and Osama Abu-Irshaid wrote:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEModongal2023102_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEModongal2023102-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>Indeed, judging from the organization’s lack of reference to the charter and from the statements since made by Hamas’s leaders, the charter does not appear to be a major influence on Hamas’s actions.</p></blockquote> <p>In 2010, <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_al-Zahar" title="Mahmoud al-Zahar">Mahmoud al-Zahar</a>, co-founder of Hamas, again indirectly defended the 1988 charter, saying: "Our ultimate plan is [to have] Palestine in its entirety."<sup id="cite_ref-Goldberg2014_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goldberg2014-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yet, at the same time, Hamas offered to negotiate with Israel on the basis of the 1967 borders, indicating a willingness to set aside the refugees issue until some future undetermined date. Thus while Hamas had, at this time, not repudiated the 1988 charter, it was evolving away from it at a rapid pace.<sup id="cite_ref-slater_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-slater-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Also in 2010, in a discussion with U.S. Professor <a href="/wiki/Robert_Pastor" title="Robert Pastor">Robert Pastor</a>, Hamas leader <a href="/wiki/Khaled_Mashal" title="Khaled Mashal">Khaled Mashal</a> voiced a different perspective: the Charter is "a piece of history and no longer relevant, but cannot be changed for internal reasons". This answer prompted Professor Pastor to surmise that the <a href="/wiki/Quartet_on_the_Middle_East" title="Quartet on the Middle East">Quartet on the Middle East</a> (U.S., EU, UN, Russia) deliberately kept referring to the Hamas 1988 Charter instead of to more recent Hamas statements, to have an excuse to ignore and not seriously deal with Hamas.<sup id="cite_ref-wrmea.com_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wrmea.com-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2011_until_2016">2011 until 2016</h3></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Yousef" title="Ahmed Yousef">Ahmed Yousef</a>, former Political Adviser to Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Ismail_Haniyeh" title="Ismail Haniyeh">Haniyeh</a>, in January 2011 stated that the 1988 charter must not be read as "a constitution drafted as law" and not any longer be interpreted literally: the Hamas movement "has moved on" from the charter’s content, "accepting a Palestinian state within the 1967 borders and publicly declaring a readiness to explore political solutions", Yousef argued.<sup id="cite_ref-Yousef_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yousef-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 2011, <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_al-Zahar" title="Mahmoud al-Zahar">Mahmoud al-Zahar</a>, co-founder of Hamas, on the contrary, again stressed and explained why Hamas would and could not “recognize” Israel: such a move would counter Hamas' aim to liberate all of Palestine, and deprive future Palestinian generations of the possibility to “liberate” their lands.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A young Hamas analyst stated in 2015: <a href="/wiki/Fatah" title="Fatah">Fatah</a> in the process of the <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Accords" title="Oslo Accords">Oslo Accords</a> (1993–95) had changed its charter (towards nonviolence) but received very little in return; therefore, Hamas' most militant elements around 2015 were very reluctant about the then-current process within Hamas to moderate their own charter towards a less martial rhetoric.<sup id="cite_ref-Duss_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duss-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, American political scientist <a href="/wiki/Richard_Davis_(political_scientist)" title="Richard Davis (political scientist)">Richard Davis</a> analysed in 2016 that the Hamas leadership felt opposite pressures from two sides: international powers urged Hamas to dismiss the relevance of their charter, while the Palestinian domestic constituency dissuaded the Hamas leaders from rewriting their charter.<sup id="cite_ref-Davis2016,41_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davis2016,41-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Since_2017">Since 2017</h3></div> <p>The day after <a href="/wiki/Khaled_Mashal" title="Khaled Mashal">Khaled Mashal</a>, Chairman of <a href="/wiki/Hamas#Political_Bureau" title="Hamas">Hamas' Political Bureau</a>, on 1 May 2017 had presented a <a href="/wiki/2017_Hamas_charter" title="2017 Hamas charter">new “political document” (often referred to as ‘new charter’)</a>, he was asked: "Will it replace Hamas’ old charter?" Mashal answered: This "new document has been in the making for four years (…) This document reflects our position for now (…) The old charter was a product of its era, 30 years ago. We live in a different world today".<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other Hamas leaders since then have repeated Mashal's message: the old Charter should be viewed as "a historical document and part of an earlier stage in [Hamas's] evolution".<sup id="cite_ref-Brenner205_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brenner205-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Summary_of_the_1988_charter">Summary of the 1988 charter</h2></div> <ul><li><b>Article 1</b> describes Hamas as an Islamic Resistance Movement with an ideological programme of Islam.<sup id="cite_ref-avalon_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avalon-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Article 2</b> of Hamas' Charter defines Hamas as a "universal movement" and "one of the branches of the Muslim Brotherhood in Palestine".<sup id="cite_ref-avalon_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avalon-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mishal_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mishal-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Walther_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walther-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Barsky_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barsky-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Article 3</b> the Movement consists of "Muslims who have given their allegiance to Allah".<sup id="cite_ref-avalon_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avalon-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Article 4</b> the Movement "welcomes every Muslim who embraces its faith, ideology, follows its programme, keeps its secrets, and wants to belong to its ranks and carry out the duty," <sup id="cite_ref-avalon_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avalon-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Article 5</b> Demonstrates its <a href="/wiki/Salafi_movement" title="Salafi movement">Salafist</a> roots and connections to the Muslim brotherhood, declaring Islam as its official religion and the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Koran</a> as its <a href="/wiki/Constitution" title="Constitution">constitution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-avalon_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avalon-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Article 6</b> Hamas is uniquely Palestinian,<sup id="cite_ref-avalon_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avalon-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "strives to raise the banner of Allah over every inch of Palestine, for under the wing of Islam followers of all religions can coexist in security and safety where their lives, possessions and rights are concerned". It claims that the world will descend into chaos and war without Islam, quoting <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Iqbal" title="Muhammad Iqbal">Muhammad Iqbal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-avalon_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avalon-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mishal_19-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mishal-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Article 7</b> describes Hamas as "one of the links in the chain of the struggle against the Zionist invaders" and claims continuity with the followers of the religious and nationalist hero <a href="/wiki/Izz_ad-Din_al-Qassam" title="Izz ad-Din al-Qassam">Izz ad-Din al-Qassam</a> from the <a href="/wiki/1936%E2%80%931939_Arab_revolt_in_Palestine" title="1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine">Great Arab Revolt</a> as well as the Palestinian combatants of the <a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">First Arab-Israeli War</a>. It ends with <a href="/wiki/Sahih_al-Bukhari" title="Sahih al-Bukhari">Sahih al-Bukhari's</a> <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">hadith</a> <a href="/wiki/Sahih_Muslim" title="Sahih Muslim">Muslim</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sunnah.com/muslim:2922">2922</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gharqad#Interpretation" title="Gharqad">suggesting that</a> the <a href="/wiki/Last_Judgment" title="Last Judgment">Day of Judgment</a> would not come until the Muslims fight and kill the Jews.<sup id="cite_ref-avalon_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avalon-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Barsky_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barsky-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Article 8</b> The Hamas document reiterates the Muslim Brotherhood's slogan of "Allah is its goal, the Prophet is the model, the Qur'an its constitution, <a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">jihad</a> its path, and <a href="/wiki/Istishhad" title="Istishhad">death for the sake of Allah</a> is the loftiest of its wishes."<sup id="cite_ref-avalon_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avalon-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mishal_19-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mishal-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Article 9</b> adapts Muslim Brotherhood's vision to connect the Palestinian crisis with the Islamic solution and advocates "fighting against the false, defeating it and vanquishing it so that justice could prevail".<sup id="cite_ref-avalon_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avalon-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Article 11</b> Palestine is sacred (<i><a href="/wiki/Waqf" title="Waqf">waqf</a></i>) for all Muslims for all time, and it cannot be relinquished by anyone.<sup id="cite_ref-avalon_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avalon-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Article 12</b> affirms that "Nationalism, from the point of view of the Islamic Resistance Movement, is part of the religious creed".<sup id="cite_ref-avalon_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avalon-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Article 13</b> There is no negotiated settlement possible. Jihad is the only answer.<sup id="cite_ref-avalon_1-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avalon-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Article 14</b> The liberation of Palestine is the personal duty of every Palestinian.<sup id="cite_ref-avalon_1-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avalon-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Article 15</b> "The day that enemies usurp part of Muslim land, Jihad becomes the individual duty of every Muslim". It states the history of the <a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a> into Muslim lands and says the "Palestinian problem is a religious problem".<sup id="cite_ref-avalon_1-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avalon-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Article 16</b> Describes how to go about educating future generations, with an emphasis on <a href="/wiki/Islamic_studies" title="Islamic studies">religious studies</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_Islam" title="History of Islam">Islamic history</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-avalon_1-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avalon-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Article 17</b> Declares the role of women in Islamic society to be the "maker of men". It condemns Western organizations such as the <a href="/wiki/Freemasonry" title="Freemasonry">Freemasons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rotary_International" title="Rotary International">Rotary Clubs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Intelligence_agency" title="Intelligence agency">intelligence agencies</a> as "saboteurs" for promoting subversive ideas on women.<sup id="cite_ref-avalon_1-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avalon-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Article 18</b> Defines the role of women as <a href="/wiki/Homemaking" title="Homemaking">homemakers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Parenting" title="Parenting">child-rearers</a>, providing education and moral guidance to men.<sup id="cite_ref-avalon_1-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avalon-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Article 19</b> Promotes the value of <a href="/wiki/Art" title="Art">art</a> while promoting <a href="/wiki/Islamic_art" title="Islamic art">Islamic art</a> over "<a href="/wiki/Jahiliyyah" title="Jahiliyyah">Jahili</a>" art forms.<sup id="cite_ref-avalon_1-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avalon-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Article 20</b> Calls for action "by the people as a single body" against "a vicious enemy which acts in a way similar to <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a>, making no differentiation between man and woman, between children and old people".<sup id="cite_ref-avalon_1-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avalon-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Article 21</b> Promotes "<a href="/wiki/Social_responsibility" title="Social responsibility">mutual social responsibility</a>" and urges members "to consider the interests of the masses as their own personal interests".<sup id="cite_ref-avalon_1-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avalon-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Article 22</b> Makes <a href="/wiki/Antisemitic_trope#Economic_and_political_tropes" title="Antisemitic trope">sweeping claims about Jewish influence and power</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-avalon_1-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avalon-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Reform_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reform-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It specifically <a href="/wiki/Antisemitic_trope#Causing_wars,_revolutions_and_calamities" title="Antisemitic trope">claims that the Jews were responsible for instigating multiple revolutions and wars</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution" title="Russian Revolution">Russian Revolution</a>. It also <a href="/wiki/International_Jewish_conspiracy" title="International Jewish conspiracy">claims that Jews control</a> the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>, and that they are supported by "the imperialistic forces in the <a href="/wiki/Western_Bloc" title="Western Bloc">Capitalist West</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">Communist East</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-avalon_1-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avalon-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Article 23</b> Expresses support for all Islamic movements "if they reveal good intentions and dedication to Allah".<sup id="cite_ref-avalon_1-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avalon-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Article 24</b> Prohibits "slandering or speaking ill of individuals or groups".<sup id="cite_ref-avalon_1-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avalon-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Article 25</b> Discourages Islamic movements from seeking foreign support and expresses support for other Palestinian nationalist movements.<sup id="cite_ref-avalon_1-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avalon-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Article 26</b> Allows consultation with other Palestinian movements that are neutral in international affairs.<sup id="cite_ref-avalon_1-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avalon-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Article 27</b> Praises the PLO but condemns its <a href="/wiki/Secularism_in_the_Middle_East" class="mw-redirect" title="Secularism in the Middle East">secularism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-avalon_1-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avalon-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Article 28</b> Conspiracy charges against Israel and the whole of the Jewish people: "Israel, Judaism and Jews".<sup id="cite_ref-avalon_1-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avalon-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Reform_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reform-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It claims that "Zionist organizations" aim to destroy society through moral corruption and eliminating Islam, and are responsible for <a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade" title="Illegal drug trade">drug trafficking</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alcoholism" title="Alcoholism">alcoholism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-avalon_1-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avalon-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Article 30:</b> Calls on "writers, intellectuals, media people, orators, educaters and teachers, and all the various sectors in the Arab and Islamic world" to pursue jihad.<sup id="cite_ref-avalon_1-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avalon-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Article 31</b> Describes Hamas as "a humanistic movement", which "takes care of human rights and is guided by Islamic tolerance when dealing with the followers of other religions". "Under the wing of Islam", it is possible for Islam, Christianity and Judaism "to coexist in peace and quiet with each other" provided that members of other religions do not dispute the sovereignty of Islam in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-avalon_1-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avalon-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Article 32</b> Hamas condemns as co-plotters the "imperialistic powers" seeking to corrupt all Arab countries one by one, leaving Palestine as the final bastion of Islam.<sup id="cite_ref-Reform_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reform-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> States that the Zionists' plan is set forth in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Protocols_of_the_Elders_of_Zion" title="The Protocols of the Elders of Zion">The Protocols of the Elders of Zion</a></i> and that they intend to expand their control from the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Israel#10_agorot_coin_controversy" title="Greater Israel">Nile to the Euphrates</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-avalon_1-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avalon-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MFA_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MFA-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Article 33</b> calls upon Muslims worldwide to work for liberation of Palestine.<sup id="cite_ref-avalon_1-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avalon-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Article 34</b> represents the Temple Mount in Jerusalem as the <a href="/wiki/Axis_mundi" title="Axis mundi">axis mundi</a>, the sacred point where divine cosmology and temporal history meet.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Along with <b>Article 35</b> it compares Israel with an imperialist-colonialist movement. The articles reflect and draws upon past examples of Crusader and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ain_Jalut" title="Battle of Ain Jalut">Mongol invasions</a>, both of which initially were successful but were eventually repelled.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Article 36</b> outlines the goals of Hamas.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Analysis">Analysis</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Statements_about_Israel">Statements about Israel</h3></div> <p>The Preamble to the 1988 Charter stated: ″Israel will exist and will continue to exist until Islam invalidates it, just as it invalidated others before it″.<sup id="cite_ref-avalon_1-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avalon-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It emphasizes the importance of jihad for the Palestinian question, adding that "initiatives, proposals and international conferences are all a waste of time and vain endeavors."<sup id="cite_ref-Hamas_Covenant-13_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hamas_Covenant-13-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Charter adds that "renouncing any part of Palestine means renouncing part of the religion [of Islam]".<sup id="cite_ref-avalon_1-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avalon-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ideology">Ideology</h3></div> <p>The 1988 Charter draws heavily on quotations from the <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">hadith</a> and Qur'an and builds an argument that Jews deserve God's/Allah's enmity and wrath because they received the Scriptures but violated its sacred texts, rejected the signs of Allah, and slew their own prophets.<sup id="cite_ref-Schenker_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schenker-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The introduction of the charter identifies Hamas's struggle as a continuation of "Our [long and dangerous] struggle with the Jews…".<sup id="cite_ref-:0_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Article Seven of the Charter concludes with a quotation from a <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">hadith</a>: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The Day of Judgment will not come until Muslims fight the Jews, when the Jew will hide behind stones and trees. The stones and trees will say, 'O Muslim, O servant of God, there is a Jew behind me, come and kill him.' Only the <a href="/wiki/Gharqad" title="Gharqad">Gharkad</a> tree would not do that, because it is one of the trees of the Jews.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Related by <a href="/wiki/Al-Bukhari" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Bukhari">al-Bukhari</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muslim_ibn_al-Hajjaj" title="Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj">Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-avalon_1-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avalon-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>The second paragraph of Article Thirty-Two of the Charter is the following passage: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The Islamic Resistance Movement calls on Arab and Islamic nations to take up the line of serious and persevering action to prevent the success of this horrendous plan, to warn the people of the danger eminating [sic] from leaving the circle of struggle against Zionism. Today it is Palestine, tomorrow it will be one country or another. The Zionist plan is limitless. After Palestine, the Zionists aspire to expand from the Nile to the Euphrates. When they will have digested the region they overtook, they will aspire to further expansion, and so on. Their plan is embodied in the "Protocols of the Elders of Zion", and their present conduct is the best proof of what we are saying.<sup id="cite_ref-avalon_1-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avalon-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>At the same time, the charter states that Hamas is a humanistic movement that respects <a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">human rights</a>, and that Jews, Christians and Muslims can live peacefully under Islamic sovereignty: "Under the wing of Islam, it is possible for the followers of the three religions - Islam, Christianity and Judaism - to coexist in peace and quiet with each other."<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Goldberg" title="Jeffrey Goldberg">Jeffrey Goldberg</a>, writing in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a></i> magazine, criticized the founding charter of Hamas by labelling it as a "genocidal" document and compared it to <i><a href="/wiki/The_Protocols_of_the_Elders_of_Zion" title="The Protocols of the Elders of Zion">The Protocols of the Elders of Zion</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Goldberg_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goldberg-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Note that the Charter does specifically state that the Jews have plans as described in the infamous early 20th-century <a href="/wiki/Antisemitic_trope" title="Antisemitic trope">antisemitic trope</a> document, "The Protocols of the Elders of Zion".) Referring to the charter in an article in <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i> magazine, American commentator <a href="/wiki/Philip_Gourevitch" title="Philip Gourevitch">Philip Gourevitch</a> accused Hamas leadership of having "genocidal" intentions against Jews.<sup id="cite_ref-Gourevitch_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gourevitch-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Hoffman" title="Bruce Hoffman">Bruce Hoffman</a>, the Hamas Charter exhibits "genocidal intentions".<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Militant_jihad">Militant jihad</h3></div> <p>The 1988 Charter went further in detailing how Jihad against the Jews was a duty. "The day that enemies usurp part of Moslem land, Jihad becomes the individual duty of every Moslem. In face of the Jews' usurpation of Palestine, it is compulsory that the banner of Jihad be raised. To do this requires the diffusion of Islamic consciousness among the masses, both on the regional, Arab and Islamic levels. It is necessary to instill the spirit of Jihad in the heart of the nation so that they would confront the enemies and join the ranks of the fighters."<sup id="cite_ref-avalon_1-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avalon-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antisemitism">Antisemitism</h3></div> <p>Some commentators<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (November 2024)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> argue that the claim that Hamas is no longer <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">antisemitic</a> has been undermined numerous times due to the actions of Hamas.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="The sources cited here were either from before 2017, or made entirely the opposite point... (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Statements by Hamas officials such as <a href="/wiki/Fathi_Hamad" title="Fathi Hamad">Fathi Hamad</a> - who according to some sources publicly called for the killing of Jews - are also cited as continued antisemitism within the group.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>CNN in November 2023 contended that the 1988 Hamas charter "mandates the killing of Jews".<sup id="cite_ref-cnn-war-crime_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnn-war-crime-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> on 8 October 2023 condemned the 1988 Hamas charter for its alleged use of <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">antisemitic</a> language.<sup id="cite_ref-Tiffany_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tiffany-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some commentators have characterized Hamas's language in its 1988 charter as <a href="/wiki/Incitement_to_genocide" title="Incitement to genocide">incitement to genocide</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gourevitch_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gourevitch-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Goldberg_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goldberg-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The charter is said to echo <a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Propaganda in Nazi Germany">Nazi propaganda</a> in claiming that Jews profited during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Herf_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Herf-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the other hand, <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Yassin" title="Ahmed Yassin">Ahmed Yassin</a>, the founder of Hamas, was quoted as saying that: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"We don't hate Jews and fight Jews because they are Jewish. They are a people of faith and we are a people of faith, and we love all people of faith. If my brother, from my own mother and father and my own faith takes my home and expels me from it, I will fight him. I will fight my cousin if he takes my home and expels me from it. So when a Jew takes my home and expels me from it, I will fight him. I don't fight other countries because I want to be at peace with them, I love all people and wish peace for them, even the Jews. The Jews lived with us all of our lives and we never assaulted them, and they held high positions in government and ministries. But if they take my home and make me a refugee like 4 million Palestinians in exile? Who has more right to this land? The Russian immigrant who left this land 2000 years ago or the one who left 40 years ago? We don't hate the Jews, we only ask for them to give us our rights."<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2017-issued_"Principles""><span id="2017-issued_.22Principles.22"></span>2017-issued "Principles"</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2017_Hamas_charter" title="2017 Hamas charter">2017 Hamas charter</a></div> <p>In May 2017, Hamas issued a new document named <i><a href="/wiki/2017_Hamas_charter" title="2017 Hamas charter">A Document of General Principles and Policies</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">وثيقة المبادئ والسياسات العامة لحركة حماس</span>). While the <i>Document of General Principles</i> did not officially replace the 1988 charter, it is often described as the new or revised Hamas charter.<sup id="cite_ref-Brenner205_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brenner205-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new document advocated for a Palestinian state in the <a href="/wiki/Green_Line_(Israel)" title="Green Line (Israel)">1967 borders</a>, describing this as a "national consensus"; however, it also continued to describe Israel as an "illegal entity" and retained the organization's commitment to armed struggle<sup id="cite_ref-Hroub_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hroub-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the 1988 Hamas Charter was widely criticized for its antisemitism, the 2017 document stated that Hamas' fight was not with Jews because of their religion, but with the <a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionist</a> project that expelled Palestinians from their homes..<sup id="cite_ref-Hroub_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hroub-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Unlike the 1988 Charter, the <a href="/wiki/A_Document_of_General_Principles_and_Policies" class="mw-redirect" title="A Document of General Principles and Policies">2017 charter</a> accepted a Palestinian state within the borders that existed <a href="/wiki/Green_Line_(Israel)" title="Green Line (Israel)">before 1967</a> and maintained Hamas's refusal to recognize the State of Israel, which it terms the "<a href="/wiki/Zionist" class="mw-redirect" title="Zionist">Zionist</a> entity".<sup id="cite_ref-Hroub2_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hroub2-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2017 charter refers to an Israeli state within the pre-1967 borders as a transitional state while also advocating for the "liberation of all of Palestine".<sup id="cite_ref-Mughrabi2_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mughrabi2-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_responses">Public responses</h3></div> <p>Responses to the 2017 document varied. While some welcomed it as a sign of increased political maturity, an attempt to bridge the gap between moderates and hardliners within Hamas, and a potential step on the way to peace, many others, including Israeli Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a>, dismissed it as a merely cosmetic effort designed to make Hamas sound more palatable while changing nothing about Hamas' underlying aims and methods.<sup id="cite_ref-AJ1_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AJ1-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Thrall" title="Nathan Thrall">Nathan Thrall</a>, analyst for the <a href="/wiki/International_Crisis_Group" title="International Crisis Group">International Crisis Group</a>, on 3 May 2017 suggested that the 1988 charter ("with its talk of obliterating Israel") had since long been causing "quiet embarrassment among more reform-minded Hamas leaders", but that "ambivalence" within the Hamas leadership nevertheless had stopped Hamas, in their new 2017 charter, from fully repudiating that old 1988 charter.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Writing in 2020, philosopher Joseph Spoerl commented that the 2017 document "takes all the classical tropes of anti-Semitism and focuses them on Zionism... This can hardly be regarded as a serious repudiation of anti-Semitism."<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Around 4 May 2017, with Mashal still in office as Chairman of <a href="/wiki/Hamas#Political_Bureau" title="Hamas">Hamas' Political Bureau</a>, he was interviewed about the identification of Hamas' enemies as "Zionists" in the new document whereas in the 1988 charter they are also indicated as "the Jews". Mashal stated: "Yes", in the 1988 charter "the expression ['Jews'] was used", which he described as "not as accurate", emphasizing that Hamas' struggle "from the very start" was against "the Israeli occupier … not because they are Jews, (…) not because of their religion, but because (…) they have occupied our land, and attacked our people, and forced them out of their homes".<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/2023_Hamas-led_attack_on_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel">2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel</a>, former Ambassador and <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_International_Center_for_Scholars" title="Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars">Wilson Center</a> head <a href="/wiki/Mark_Green_(Wisconsin_politician)" title="Mark Green (Wisconsin politician)">Mark Andrew Green</a> described the 2017 revision as having "dressed up [Hamas's] terrorist objectives in more ambiguous, less violent terms" while the 2023 attack showed their objective remained, as in the 1988 charter, "the destruction of the State of Israel and the murder of Jewish people."<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calls_for_the_destruction_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Calls for the destruction of Israel">Calls for the destruction of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatah%E2%80%93Hamas_conflict" title="Fatah–Hamas conflict">Fatah–Hamas conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_Palestinian_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Human rights in the Palestinian territories">Human rights in the Palestinian territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incitement_to_genocide" title="Incitement to genocide">Incitement to genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_fundamentalism" title="Islamic fundamentalism">Islamic fundamentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="List of political parties in the State of Palestine">List of political parties in the State of Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Covenant" title="Palestinian National Covenant">Palestinian National Covenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_political_violence" title="Palestinian political violence">Palestinian political violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thawabit" title="Thawabit">Thawabit</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-avalon-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-avalon_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-avalon_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-avalon_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-avalon_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-avalon_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-avalon_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-avalon_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-avalon_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-avalon_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-avalon_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-avalon_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-avalon_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-avalon_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-avalon_1-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-avalon_1-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-avalon_1-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-avalon_1-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-avalon_1-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-avalon_1-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-avalon_1-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-avalon_1-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-avalon_1-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-avalon_1-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-avalon_1-23"><sup><i><b>x</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-avalon_1-24"><sup><i><b>y</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-avalon_1-25"><sup><i><b>z</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-avalon_1-26"><sup><i><b>aa</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-avalon_1-27"><sup><i><b>ab</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-avalon_1-28"><sup><i><b>ac</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-avalon_1-29"><sup><i><b>ad</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-avalon_1-30"><sup><i><b>ae</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-avalon_1-31"><sup><i><b>af</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-avalon_1-32"><sup><i><b>ag</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-avalon_1-33"><sup><i><b>ah</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-avalon_1-34"><sup><i><b>ai</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-avalon_1-35"><sup><i><b>aj</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-avalon_1-36"><sup><i><b>ak</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-avalon_1-37"><sup><i><b>al</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-avalon_1-38"><sup><i><b>am</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-avalon_1-39"><sup><i><b>an</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/hamas.asp">"Hamas Covenant 1988: The Covenant of the Islamic Resistance Movement"</a>. <i>The Avalon Project: Documents in Law, History and Diplomacy</i>. Yale Law School. 18 August 1988. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151117074547/http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/hamas.asp">Archived</a> from the original on 17 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Avalon+Project%3A+Documents+in+Law%2C+History+and+Diplomacy&rft.atitle=Hamas+Covenant+1988%3A+The+Covenant+of+the+Islamic+Resistance+Movement&rft.date=1988-08-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Favalon.law.yale.edu%2F20th_century%2Fhamas.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1988+Hamas+charter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CNNqiblawi-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CNNqiblawi_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CNNqiblawi_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTamara_QiblawiAngela_DewanLarry_Register2017" class="citation news cs1">Tamara Qiblawi; Angela Dewan; Larry Register (1 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/01/middleeast/hamas-charter-palestinian-israeli/">"Hamas says it accepts '67 borders, but doesn't recognize Israel"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190404230556/https://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/01/middleeast/hamas-charter-palestinian-israeli/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Hamas+says+it+accepts+%2767+borders%2C+but+doesn%27t+recognize+Israel&rft.date=2017-05-01&rft.au=Tamara+Qiblawi&rft.au=Angela+Dewan&rft.au=Larry+Register&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2017%2F05%2F01%2Fmiddleeast%2Fhamas-charter-palestinian-israeli%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1988+Hamas+charter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brenner205-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brenner205_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brenner205_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brenner205_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrenner2021" class="citation book cs1">Brenner, Bjorn (30 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8D9DEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA205"><i>Gaza Under Hamas: From Islamic Democracy to Islamist Governance</i></a>. Bloomsbury Academic. pp. <span class="nowrap">205–</span>207. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7556-3439-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7556-3439-2"><bdi>978-0-7556-3439-2</bdi></a>. <q>Still leaving some room for question, Hamas had stopped short of formally renouncing the old charter. Being asked about why, several Hamas leaders nevertheless responded affirmatively that 'The original charter has now become a historical document and part of an earlier stage in our evolution. It will remain in the movement's bookshelf as a record of our past.'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gaza+Under+Hamas%3A+From+Islamic+Democracy+to+Islamist+Governance&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E205-%3C%2Fspan%3E207&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Academic&rft.date=2021-11-30&rft.isbn=978-0-7556-3439-2&rft.aulast=Brenner&rft.aufirst=Bjorn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8D9DEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA205&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1988+Hamas+charter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMyre2006" class="citation news cs1">Myre, Greg (27 February 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/27/world/middleeast/israeli-official-says-hamas-has-made-abbas-irrelevant.html">"Israeli Official Says Hamas Has Made Abbas Irrelevant"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200427062802/https://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/27/world/middleeast/israeli-official-says-hamas-has-made-abbas-irrelevant.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Israeli+Official+Says+Hamas+Has+Made+Abbas+Irrelevant&rft.date=2006-02-27&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Myre&rft.aufirst=Greg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2006%2F02%2F27%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fisraeli-official-says-hamas-has-made-abbas-irrelevant.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1988+Hamas+charter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-coh-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-coh_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fas.org/irp/world/para/docs/880818a.htm">"The Covenant of the HAMAS - Main Points"</a>. <i>Intelligence Resource Project</i>. Federation of American Scientists. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151208143205/http://fas.org/irp/world/para/docs/880818a.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 8 December 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Intelligence+Resource+Project&rft.atitle=The+Covenant+of+the+HAMAS+-+Main+Points&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fas.org%2Firp%2Fworld%2Fpara%2Fdocs%2F880818a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1988+Hamas+charter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gdKnUys3mWAC&dq=sela+%22hamas+charter%22+israel+mishal&pg=PA45">The Palestinian Hamas By Shaul Mishal, Avraham Sela</a>. <i>Google Books</i>. Retrieved 9 February 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tiffany-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tiffany_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tiffany_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMay2023" class="citation news cs1">May, Tiffany (8 October 2023). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/08/world/middleeast/hamas-military-gaza-explained.html">"A Quick Look at Hamas"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231014102435/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/08/world/middleeast/hamas-military-gaza-explained.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+Quick+Look+at+Hamas&rft.date=2023-10-08&rft.aulast=May&rft.aufirst=Tiffany&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2023%2F10%2F08%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fhamas-military-gaza-explained.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1988+Hamas+charter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cnn-war-crime-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cnn-war-crime_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cnn-war-crime_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2023/11/16/middleeast/israel-hamas-gaza-war-crimes-international-law-explainer-intl/index.html">"Have war crimes been committed in Israel and Gaza and what laws govern the conflict?"</a>. <i>CNN</i>. 16 November 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231116210611/https://edition.cnn.com/2023/11/16/middleeast/israel-hamas-gaza-war-crimes-international-law-explainer-intl/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Have+war+crimes+been+committed+in+Israel+and+Gaza+and+what+laws+govern+the+conflict%3F&rft.date=2023-11-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2023%2F11%2F16%2Fmiddleeast%2Fisrael-hamas-gaza-war-crimes-international-law-explainer-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1988+Hamas+charter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gourevitch-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gourevitch_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gourevitch_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gourevitch_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGourevitch2014" class="citation magazine cs1">Gourevitch, Philip (2 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/honest-voice-israel">"An Honest Voice in Israel"</a>. <i>The New Yorker</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201022095942/https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/honest-voice-israel">Archived</a> from the original on 22 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=An+Honest+Voice+in+Israel&rft.date=2014-08-02&rft.aulast=Gourevitch&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fnews%2Fnews-desk%2Fhonest-voice-israel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1988+Hamas+charter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Goldberg-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Goldberg_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Goldberg_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Goldberg_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldberg2014" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Goldberg" title="Jeffrey Goldberg">Goldberg, Jeffrey</a> (4 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/08/what-would-hamas-do-if-it-could-do-whatever-it-wanted/375545/">"What Would Hamas Do If It Could Do Whatever It Wanted?"</a>. <i>The Atlantic</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200423083359/https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/08/what-would-hamas-do-if-it-could-do-whatever-it-wanted/375545/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=What+Would+Hamas+Do+If+It+Could+Do+Whatever+It+Wanted%3F&rft.date=2014-08-04&rft.aulast=Goldberg&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Finternational%2Farchive%2F2014%2F08%2Fwhat-would-hamas-do-if-it-could-do-whatever-it-wanted%2F375545%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1988+Hamas+charter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Multiple sources: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeurat2019" class="citation book cs1">Seurat, Leila (2019). <i>The Foreign Policy of Hamas</i>. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781838607449" title="Special:BookSources/9781838607449"><bdi>9781838607449</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Foreign+Policy+of+Hamas&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9781838607449&rft.aulast=Seurat&rft.aufirst=Leila&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1988+Hamas+charter" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmira2017" class="citation news cs1">Amira, Hass (3 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20230423130642/https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/palestinians/2017-05-03/ty-article/.premium/why-hamas-new-charter-is-aimed-at-palestinians-not-israelis/0000017f-eabf-d0f7-a9ff-eeffc7ec0000">"Why Hamas' New Charter Is Aimed at Palestinians, Not Israelis"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/palestinians/2017-05-03/ty-article/.premium/why-hamas-new-charter-is-aimed-at-palestinians-not-israelis/0000017f-eabf-d0f7-a9ff-eeffc7ec0000">the original</a> on 23 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Why+Hamas%27+New+Charter+Is+Aimed+at+Palestinians%2C+Not+Israelis&rft.date=2017-05-03&rft.aulast=Amira&rft.aufirst=Hass&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fmiddle-east-news%2Fpalestinians%2F2017-05-03%2Fty-article%2F.premium%2Fwhy-hamas-new-charter-is-aimed-at-palestinians-not-israelis%2F0000017f-eabf-d0f7-a9ff-eeffc7ec0000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1988+Hamas+charter" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQossay_Hamed2023" class="citation book cs1">Qossay Hamed (2023). <i>Hamas in Power: The Question of Transformation</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Hamas+presents+new+charter+accepting+a+Palestine+based+on+1967+borders&rft.date=2017-05-02&rft.au=Patrick+Wintour&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2017%2Fmay%2F01%2Fhamas-new-charter-palestine-israel-1967-borders&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1988+Hamas+charter" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-new_hamas-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-new_hamas_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-new_hamas_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHroub2006" class="citation journal cs1">Hroub, Khaled (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080918090220/http://palestine-studies.org/journals.aspx?id=7087&jid=1&href=fulltext">"A "New Hamas" through Its New Documents"</a>. <i>Journal of Palestine Studies</i>. <b>35</b> (1 (Summer 2006)): <span class="nowrap">6–</span>27. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2Fjps.2006.35.4.6">10.1525/jps.2006.35.4.6</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://palestine-studies.org/journals.aspx?id=7087&jid=1&href=fulltext">the original</a> on 18 September 2008. <q>Since Hamas won the Palestinian legislative elections in January 2006, its political positions as presented in the Western media hark back to its 1988 charter, with almost no reference to its considerable evolution under the impact of political developments. …From its establishment, Hamas had steadfastly refused to run in any national elections, either for PC or for the presidency of the Palestinian Authority (PA). As both these structures grew out of the Oslo accords, which Hamas opposed and considered illegitimate, it had never recognized the legitimacy of either. Thus, whereas the movement has long participated in municipal and other local elections, making its growing strength quantifiable, the question of whether to enter national electoral politics was a difficult decision, fraught with the contradictions that could be expected in a movement whose leadership is geographically divided between the "inside" and the "outside," whose political and military wings have a degree of autonomy, and which adopts a democratic decision-making process with a diversity of views. … Despite the oft-repeated rhetoric of Hamas's leaders that their movement will remain faithful to its known principles, the three documents reveal beyond question that the demands of the national arena have driven Hamas in dramatically new directions…Hamas continues to be characterized with reference to its 1988 charter, drawn up less than a year after the movement was established in direct response to the outbreak of the first intifada and when its raison d'être was armed resistance to the occupation. … Given Hamas's traditional projection of itself as an uncompromising resistance movement, and the popularity it has derived from its resistance to the Israeli occupation, its choice of "change and reform" as the theme of its campaign and name of its electoral list…draws attention to the failure and corruption associated with its rival Fatah. … Without doubt, there are many who remain highly skeptical of Hamas's new face, suspecting a ploy to gain power by concealing true agendas. … This leaves open the question of whether Hamas in power will be able to function practically within the parameters of the peace process as originally agreed to by Israel and the PLO at Oslo, which Hamas had vehemently opposed.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Palestine+Studies&rft.atitle=A+%22New+Hamas%22+through+Its+New+Documents&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=1+%28Summer+2006%29&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E6-%3C%2Fspan%3E27&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1525%2Fjps.2006.35.4.6&rft.aulast=Hroub&rft.aufirst=Khaled&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpalestine-studies.org%2Fjournals.aspx%3Fid%3D7087%26jid%3D1%26href%3Dfulltext&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1988+Hamas+charter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/news/haniyeh-hamas-willing-to-accept-palestinian-state-with-1967-borders-1.256915">Haniyeh: Hamas willing to accept Palestinian state with 1967 borders</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010124644/https://www.haaretz.com/news/haniyeh-hamas-willing-to-accept-palestinian-state-with-1967-borders-1.256915">Archived</a> 10 October 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". <i>Haaretz</i>. (09-11-08) Retrieved 27 May 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wrmea.com-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wrmea.com_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wrmea.com_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wrmea.com/component/content/article/351-2010-may-june/9051-mazin-qumsiyeh-on-the-history-and-practice-of-nonviolent-palestinian-resistance-.html">Mazin Qumsiyeh on the History and Practice Of Nonviolent Palestinian Resistance</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120305150115/http://www.wrmea.com/component/content/article/351-2010-may-june/9051-mazin-qumsiyeh-on-the-history-and-practice-of-nonviolent-palestinian-resistance-.html">Archived</a> 5 March 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, May–June 2010, pp. 40-42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mughrabi-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mughrabi_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNidal_al-MughrabiTom_Finn2017" class="citation news cs1">Nidal al-Mughrabi; Tom Finn (2 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-palestinians-hamas-document-idUSKBN17X1N8">"Hamas softens stance on Israel, drops Muslim Brotherhood link"</a>. Reuters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190511224728/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-palestinians-hamas-document-idUSKBN17X1N8">Archived</a> from the original on 11 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Hamas+softens+stance+on+Israel%2C+drops+Muslim+Brotherhood+link&rft.date=2017-05-02&rft.au=Nidal+al-Mughrabi&rft.au=Tom+Finn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-palestinians-hamas-document-idUSKBN17X1N8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1988+Hamas+charter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hroub3-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hroub3_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHroub2017" class="citation journal cs1">Hroub, Khaled (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2Fjps.2017.46.4.100">"A Newer Hamas? The Revised Charter"</a>. <i>Journal of Palestine Studies</i>. <b>46</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">100–</span>111. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2Fjps.2017.46.4.100">10.1525/jps.2017.46.4.100</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Palestine+Studies&rft.atitle=A+Newer+Hamas%3F+The+Revised+Charter&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E100-%3C%2Fspan%3E111&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1525%2Fjps.2017.46.4.100&rft.aulast=Hroub&rft.aufirst=Khaled&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1525%252Fjps.2017.46.4.100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1988+Hamas+charter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BBC_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7381369.stm">"Middle East - 1987: First Intifada"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 6 May 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190501090628/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7381369.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Middle+East+-+1987%3A+First+Intifada&rft.date=2008-05-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fmiddle_east%2F7381369.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1988+Hamas+charter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Holtmann-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Holtmann_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holtmann_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UBfHsIlcQE8C&dq=hamas+charter&pg=PA16">The PLO Charters of 1964 and 1968 and the Hamas Charter of 1988</a> By Philipp Holtmann</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mishal-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mishal_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mishal_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mishal_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mishal_19-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mishal_19-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mishal_19-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AO-tZkbPDKYC&q=hamas+covenant"><i>The Palestinian Hamas: vision, violence, and coexistence</i></a> Shaul Mishal, Avraham Sela.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Yousef-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Yousef_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yousef_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yousef_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palestinechronicle.com/hamas-charter-vision-fact-and-fiction">Hamas Charter: Vision, Fact and Fiction</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170608165844/http://www.palestinechronicle.com/hamas-charter-vision-fact-and-fiction/">Archived</a> 8 June 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Palestine Chronicle (23 January 2011)Retrieved 27 May 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRabasaChalkCraginDaly2006" class="citation cs2">Rabasa, Angel; Chalk, Peter; Cragin, Kim; Daly, Sara A.; Gregg, Heather S.; Karasik, Theodore W.; O’Brien, Kevin A.; Rosenau, William (2006), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7249/mg430af.9">"Hezbollah and Hamas"</a>, <i>Beyond al-Qaeda: Part 2, The Outer Rings of the Terrorist Universe</i>, RAND Corporation, pp. <span class="nowrap">5–</span>24, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8330-3932-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8330-3932-3"><bdi>978-0-8330-3932-3</bdi></a>, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7249/mg430af.9">10.7249/mg430af.9</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241006105554/https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7249/mg430af.9">archived</a> from the original on 6 October 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2023</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Beyond+al-Qaeda%3A+Part+2%2C+The+Outer+Rings+of+the+Terrorist+Universe&rft.atitle=Hezbollah+and+Hamas&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E5-%3C%2Fspan%3E24&rft.date=2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.7249%2Fmg430af.9%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.isbn=978-0-8330-3932-3&rft.aulast=Rabasa&rft.aufirst=Angel&rft.au=Chalk%2C+Peter&rft.au=Cragin%2C+Kim&rft.au=Daly%2C+Sara+A.&rft.au=Gregg%2C+Heather+S.&rft.au=Karasik%2C+Theodore+W.&rft.au=O%E2%80%99Brien%2C+Kevin+A.&rft.au=Rosenau%2C+William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.7249%2Fmg430af.9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1988+Hamas+charter" class="Z3988"></span> "<i>So while al-Qaeda and Hamas have similar ideological roots, Hamas's interpretation of its role in the Islamic community is narrower and focused fundamentally on the Palestinian question. This narrow focus is an important element in Hamas's ideology.</i>"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJanssen2009">Janssen 2009</a>, pp. 35–60 "<i>The text of the Charter is written in utterly religious and ideological language, starting off with a quotation from the Quran and from the founder of Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood, Hasan al-Banna.</i>" "<i>In article 11 of the Charter we can find Hamas's argument that the right of the Palestinians to their homeland is a divine decree</i>..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaher_Mughrabi2017" class="citation web cs1">Maher Mughrabi (2 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smh.com.au/world/the-new-hamas-charter-explained-20170502-gvx10t.html">"The new Hamas charter explained"</a>. The Sydney Morning Herald. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190403145729/https://www.smh.com.au/world/the-new-hamas-charter-explained-20170502-gvx10t.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+new+Hamas+charter+explained&rft.pub=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.date=2017-05-02&rft.au=Maher+Mughrabi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fworld%2Fthe-new-hamas-charter-explained-20170502-gvx10t.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1988+Hamas+charter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNidal_al-MughrabiTom_Finn2017" class="citation news cs1">Nidal al-Mughrabi; Tom Finn (May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-palestinians-hamas-document-idUSKBN17X1N8?il=0">"Hamas softens stance on Israel, drops Muslim Brotherhood link"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170504102050/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-palestinians-hamas-document-idUSKBN17X1N8?il=0">Archived</a> from the original on 4 May 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Hamas+softens+stance+on+Israel%2C+drops+Muslim+Brotherhood+link&rft.date=2017-05&rft.au=Nidal+al-Mughrabi&rft.au=Tom+Finn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-palestinians-hamas-document-idUSKBN17X1N8%3Fil%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1988+Hamas+charter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Davis2016,41-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Davis2016,41_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Davis2016,41_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis2016" class="citation book cs1">Davis, Richard (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bmaFCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT68"><i>Hamas, Popular Support and War in the Middle East: Insurgency in the Holy Land</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1317402589" title="Special:BookSources/978-1317402589"><bdi>978-1317402589</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hamas%2C+Popular+Support+and+War+in+the+Middle+East%3A+Insurgency+in+the+Holy+Land&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1317402589&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbmaFCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT68&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1988+Hamas+charter" class="Z3988"></span>; page 41</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJanssen200943-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJanssen200943_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJanssen2009">Janssen 2009</a>, p. 43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJanssen200945-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJanssen200945_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJanssen2009">Janssen 2009</a>, p. 45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJanssen200947-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJanssen200947_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJanssen2009">Janssen 2009</a>, p. 47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KhaledHroub2006-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-KhaledHroub2006_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHroub2006" class="citation journal cs1">Hroub, Khaled (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080918090220/http://palestine-studies.org/journals.aspx?id=7087&jid=1&href=fulltext">"A "New Hamas" through Its New Documents"</a>. <i>Journal of Palestine Studies</i>. <b>35</b> (1 (Summer 2006)): <span class="nowrap">6–</span>27. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2Fjps.2006.35.4.6">10.1525/jps.2006.35.4.6</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://palestine-studies.org/journals.aspx?id=7087&jid=1&href=fulltext">the original</a> on 18 September 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Palestine+Studies&rft.atitle=A+%22New+Hamas%22+through+Its+New+Documents&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=1+%28Summer+2006%29&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E6-%3C%2Fspan%3E27&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1525%2Fjps.2006.35.4.6&rft.aulast=Hroub&rft.aufirst=Khaled&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpalestine-studies.org%2Fjournals.aspx%3Fid%3D7087%26jid%3D1%26href%3Dfulltext&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1988+Hamas+charter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunning2016" class="citation book cs1">Dunning, Tristan (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vTp-CwAAQBAJ&pg=PT270"><i>Hamas, Jihad and Popular Legitimacy: Reinterpreting Resistance in Palestine</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1317384946" title="Special:BookSources/978-1317384946"><bdi>978-1317384946</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hamas%2C+Jihad+and+Popular+Legitimacy%3A+Reinterpreting+Resistance+in+Palestine&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1317384946&rft.aulast=Dunning&rft.aufirst=Tristan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvTp-CwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT270&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1988+Hamas+charter" class="Z3988"></span> Page 115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZweiri2006" class="citation journal cs1">Zweiri, Mahjoob (2006). "The Hamas Victory: Shifting Sands or Major Earthquake?". <i><a href="/wiki/Third_World_Quarterly" title="Third World Quarterly">Third World Quarterly</a></i>. <b>27</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">675–</span>87. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F01436590600720876">10.1080/01436590600720876</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4017731">4017731</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:153346639">153346639</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Third+World+Quarterly&rft.atitle=The+Hamas+Victory%3A+Shifting+Sands+or+Major+Earthquake%3F&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E675-%3C%2Fspan%3E87&rft.date=2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A153346639%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4017731%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F01436590600720876&rft.aulast=Zweiri&rft.aufirst=Mahjoob&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1988+Hamas+charter" class="Z3988"></span> Page 677.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Goldberg2014-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Goldberg2014_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Goldberg2014_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldberg2014" class="citation web cs1">Goldberg, Jeffrey (4 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/08/what-would-hamas-do-if-it-could-do-whatever-it-wanted/375545/">"What Would Hamas Do If It Could Do Whatever It Wanted?"</a>. The Atlantic. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200423083359/https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/08/what-would-hamas-do-if-it-could-do-whatever-it-wanted/375545/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+Would+Hamas+Do+If+It+Could+Do+Whatever+It+Wanted%3F&rft.pub=The+Atlantic&rft.date=2014-08-04&rft.aulast=Goldberg&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Finternational%2Farchive%2F2014%2F08%2Fwhat-would-hamas-do-if-it-could-do-whatever-it-wanted%2F375545%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1988+Hamas+charter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeurat2019" class="citation book cs1">Seurat, Leila (2019). <i>The Foreign Policy of Hamas</i>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing" title="Bloomsbury Publishing">Bloomsbury Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781838607449" title="Special:BookSources/9781838607449"><bdi>9781838607449</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Foreign+Policy+of+Hamas&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9781838607449&rft.aulast=Seurat&rft.aufirst=Leila&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1988+Hamas+charter" class="Z3988"></span>; page 50</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEModongal2023102-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEModongal2023102_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFModongal2023">Modongal 2023</a>, p. 102.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-slater-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-slater_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlater2012" class="citation journal cs1">Slater, Jerome (October 2012). "Just War Moral Philosophy and the 2008–09 Israeli Campaign in Gaza". <i>International Security</i>. <b>37</b> (2): 63-64. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1162%2FISEC_a_00098">10.1162/ISEC_a_00098</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Security&rft.atitle=Just+War+Moral+Philosophy+and+the+2008%E2%80%9309+Israeli+Campaign+in+Gaza&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=63-64&rft.date=2012-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1162%2FISEC_a_00098&rft.aulast=Slater&rft.aufirst=Jerome&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1988+Hamas+charter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/2011-05-11/ty-article/hamas-accepts-1967-borders-but-will-never-recognize-israel-top-official-says/0000017f-e9d6-dc91-a17f-fddf08830000">'Hamas Accepts 1967 Borders, but Will Never Recognize Israel, Top Official Says’.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230531082817/https://www.haaretz.com/2011-05-11/ty-article/hamas-accepts-1967-borders-but-will-never-recognize-israel-top-official-says/0000017f-e9d6-dc91-a17f-fddf08830000">Archived</a> 31 May 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i> <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a></i>, 11 May 2011. Retrieved 26 January 2024.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Duss-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Duss_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Matthew Duss, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tabletmag.com/jewish-news-and-politics/190832/remember-gaza">'Remember Gaza?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150824080355/http://www.tabletmag.com/jewish-news-and-politics/190832/remember-gaza">Archived</a> 24 August 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>,' <a href="/wiki/Tablet_(magazine)" title="Tablet (magazine)">Tablet Magazine</a> May 8, 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYounes2017" class="citation web cs1">Younes, Ali (2 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2017/5/2/meshaal-we-want-to-restore-our-national-rights">"Meshaal: Hamas is not a rigid ideological organisation"</a>. <i>Al Jazeera</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241125014318/https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2017/5/2/meshaal-we-want-to-restore-our-national-rights">Archived</a> from the original on 25 November 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Meshaal%3A+Hamas+is+not+a+rigid+ideological+organisation&rft.date=2017-05-02&rft.aulast=Younes&rft.aufirst=Ali&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Ffeatures%2F2017%2F5%2F2%2Fmeshaal-we-want-to-restore-our-national-rights&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1988+Hamas+charter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Walther-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Walther_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tDJ3kxhz90EC&dq=hamas+charter&pg=PA48">HAMAS Between Violence and Pragmatism</a> By Marc A. Walther</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barsky-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Barsky_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barsky_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarsky2006" class="citation report cs1">Barsky, Yehudit (February 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100622095814/http://www.ajc.org/atf/cf/%7B42D75369-D582-4380-8395-D25925B85EAF%7D/HAMAS2006.PDF">HAMAS- The Islamic Resistance Movement of Palestine</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). American Jewish Congress. pp. 4, 91, 93. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ajc.org/atf/cf/%7B42D75369-D582-4380-8395-D25925B85EAF%7D/HAMAS2006.PDF">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 22 June 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=HAMAS-+The+Islamic+Resistance+Movement+of+Palestine&rft.pages=4%2C+91%2C+93&rft.pub=American+Jewish+Congress&rft.date=2006-02&rft.aulast=Barsky&rft.aufirst=Yehudit&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajc.org%2Fatf%2Fcf%2F%257B42D75369-D582-4380-8395-D25925B85EAF%257D%2FHAMAS2006.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1988+Hamas+charter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reform-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Reform_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reform_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reform_41-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://reformjudaismmag.org/Articles/index.cfm?id=1297">Reform Judaism Online <i>The 'Protocols' of Hamas</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101222160228/http://reformjudaismmag.org/Articles/index.cfm?id=1297">Archived</a> 22 December 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Steven Leonard Jacobs - Winter 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MFA-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MFA_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Terror+Groups/Analysis_of_the_1988_Hamas_Charter">Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs <i>Analysis of the Hamas Charter</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180416074050/http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Terror+Groups/Analysis_of_the_1988_Hamas_Charter">Archived</a> 16 April 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 8 January 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFiala2004" class="citation book cs1">Fiala, Andrew (5 November 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=56pMBAAAQBAJ&dq=hamas+article+thirty+four&pg=PA198"><i>Practical Pacifism</i></a>. Algora Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780875862910" title="Special:BookSources/9780875862910"><bdi>9780875862910</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Practical+Pacifism&rft.pub=Algora+Publishing&rft.date=2004-11-05&rft.isbn=9780875862910&rft.aulast=Fiala&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D56pMBAAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dhamas%2Barticle%2Bthirty%2Bfour%26pg%3DPA198&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1988+Hamas+charter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Insight Turkey: Quarterly Research and Information Journal with Focus on Turkey, Volume 11</i>. Center for Intercultural Dialogue and Cooperation. p. 118.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Insight+Turkey%3A+Quarterly+Research+and+Information+Journal+with+Focus+on+Turkey%2C+Volume+11&rft.pages=118&rft.pub=Center+for+Intercultural+Dialogue+and+Cooperation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1988+Hamas+charter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharvitHalperin2016" class="citation book cs1">Sharvit, Keren; Halperin, Eran (22 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ysdyCwAAQBAJ&dq=hamas+charter+article+34+imperialist&pg=PA142"><i>A Social Psychology Perspective on The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: Celebrating the Legacy of Daniel Bar-Tal, Vol II</i></a>. Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783319248417" title="Special:BookSources/9783319248417"><bdi>9783319248417</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Social+Psychology+Perspective+on+The+Israeli-Palestinian+Conflict%3A+Celebrating+the+Legacy+of+Daniel+Bar-Tal%2C+Vol+II.&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2016-01-22&rft.isbn=9783319248417&rft.aulast=Sharvit&rft.aufirst=Keren&rft.au=Halperin%2C+Eran&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DysdyCwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dhamas%2Bcharter%2Barticle%2B34%2Bimperialist%26pg%3DPA142&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1988+Hamas+charter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRissiLimaCampbellFagundes2015" class="citation book cs1">Rissi, Bruno Basílio; Lima, Débora Hanna F. de; Campbell, Mila Pereira; Fagundes, Raquel Fanny Bennet; Fernandes, Wladimir Santana (1 August 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-ETKCgAAQBAJ&dq=hamas+charter+epilogue&pg=PA60"><i>Long-lasting peaces: Overcoming the war-peace hiatus for a sustainable future</i></a>. Art Letras. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788561326678" title="Special:BookSources/9788561326678"><bdi>9788561326678</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Long-lasting+peaces%3A+Overcoming+the+war-peace+hiatus+for+a+sustainable+future&rft.pub=Art+Letras&rft.date=2015-08-01&rft.isbn=9788561326678&rft.aulast=Rissi&rft.aufirst=Bruno+Bas%C3%ADlio&rft.au=Lima%2C+D%C3%A9bora+Hanna+F.+de&rft.au=Campbell%2C+Mila+Pereira&rft.au=Fagundes%2C+Raquel+Fanny+Bennet&rft.au=Fernandes%2C+Wladimir+Santana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-ETKCgAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dhamas%2Bcharter%2Bepilogue%26pg%3DPA60&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1988+Hamas+charter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hamas_Covenant-13-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hamas_Covenant-13_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/hamas.asp">"Hamas Covenant 1988"</a>. <i>Yale Law School Avalon Project</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151117074547/http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/hamas.asp">Archived</a> from the original on 17 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2014</span>. <q>[part of Article 13 of the Covenant] There is no solution for the Palestinian question except through Jihad. Initiatives, proposals and international conferences are all a waste of time and vain endeavors.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yale+Law+School+Avalon+Project&rft.atitle=Hamas+Covenant+1988&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Favalon.law.yale.edu%2F20th_century%2Fhamas.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1988+Hamas+charter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schenker-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Schenker_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tecKLb2jIPoC&q=charter&pg=PA85"><i>The Anti-Semitism of Hamas</i> by Meir Litvak</a> in <i>Islamophobia and anti-Semitism</i> pg 87</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJanssen2009">Janssen 2009</a>, p. 38 "<i>In these documents, the conflict with Israel is entirely explained in religious terms: ‘Our struggle with the Jews is long and dangerous...’ [preamble 1988 Charter, under “In The Name Of…”, paragraph 5: “Our struggle against the Jews is very great and very serious(…)”] As a result, the authors of the texts have used the terms ‘Zionists’ and ‘Jews’ and their numerous derivatives repeatedly and interchangeably.</i>"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/hamas.asp">Article 31 of the Hamas Charter (1988)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151117074547/http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/hamas.asp">Archived</a> 17 November 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Yale Law School: The Avalon Project</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoffman2023" class="citation web cs1">Hoffman, Bruce (10 October 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2023/10/hamas-covenant-israel-attack-war-genocide/675602/">"Understanding Hamas's Genocidal Ideology"</a>. <i>The Atlantic</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20231011135511/https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2023/10/hamas-covenant-israel-attack-war-genocide/675602/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2023</span>. <q>Released on August 18, 1988, the original covenant spells out clearly Hamas's genocidal intentions.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=Understanding+Hamas%27s+Genocidal+Ideology&rft.date=2023-10-10&rft.aulast=Hoffman&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Finternational%2Farchive%2F2023%2F10%2Fhamas-covenant-israel-attack-war-genocide%2F675602%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1988+Hamas+charter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newarab.com/news/palestinians-slam-hamas-official-who-called-slaughtering-jews">"Palestinians roundly condemn Hamas official who called for 'slaughtering Jews'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Arab" title="The New Arab">The New Arab</a></i>. 15 July 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240615032826/https://www.newarab.com/news/palestinians-slam-hamas-official-who-called-slaughtering-jews">Archived</a> from the original on 15 June 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2024</span>. <q>In video from a speech to participants of weekly protests on Friday, Fathi Hamad, a member of the movement's top political body, can be seen calling on Palestinians across the globe to carry out attacks. "If this siege is not undone, we will explode in the face of our enemies, with God's permission. The explosion is not only going to be in Gaza but also in the West Bank and abroad, God willing," Hamad said. "But our brothers outside are preparing, trying to prepare, warming up." He continued: "Seven million Palestinians outside, enough warming up, you have Jews with you in every place. You should attack every Jew possible in all the world and kill them.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Arab&rft.atitle=Palestinians+roundly+condemn+Hamas+official+who+called+for+%27slaughtering+Jews%27&rft.date=2019-07-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newarab.com%2Fnews%2Fpalestinians-slam-hamas-official-who-called-slaughtering-jews&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1988+Hamas+charter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Herf-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Herf_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerf2014" class="citation web cs1">Herf, Jeffrey (1 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.the-american-interest.com/2014/08/01/why-they-fight-hamas-too-little-known-fascist-charter/">"Why They Fight: Hamas' Too-Little-Known Fascist Charter"</a>. The American Interest. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170310013401/http://www.the-american-interest.com/2014/08/01/why-they-fight-hamas-too-little-known-fascist-charter/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+They+Fight%3A+Hamas%27+Too-Little-Known+Fascist+Charter&rft.pub=The+American+Interest&rft.date=2014-08-01&rft.aulast=Herf&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.the-american-interest.com%2F2014%2F08%2F01%2Fwhy-they-fight-hamas-too-little-known-fascist-charter%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1988+Hamas+charter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.net/amp/blogs/2017/12/18/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%88%D9%88%D9%87%D9%85-%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9">"فلسطين.. ووهم أسلمة الصراع!"</a>. <i>Al Jazeera</i>. 18 December 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240226023131/https://www.aljazeera.net/amp/blogs/2017/12/18/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%88%D9%88%D9%87%D9%85-%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9">Archived</a> from the original on 26 February 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86..+%D9%88%D9%88%D9%87%D9%85+%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%21&rft.date=2017-12-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.net%2Famp%2Fblogs%2F2017%2F12%2F18%2F%25D9%2581%25D9%2584%25D8%25B3%25D8%25B7%25D9%258A%25D9%2586-%25D9%2588%25D9%2588%25D9%2587%25D9%2585-%25D8%25A3%25D8%25B3%25D9%2584%25D9%2585%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B5%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1988+Hamas+charter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hroub-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hroub_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hroub_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHroub2017" class="citation journal cs1">Hroub, Khaled (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2Fjps.2017.46.4.100">"A Newer Hamas? The Revised Charter"</a>. <i>Journal of Palestine Studies</i>. <b>46</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">100–</span>111. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2Fjps.2017.46.4.100">10.1525/jps.2017.46.4.100</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Palestine+Studies&rft.atitle=A+Newer+Hamas%3F+The+Revised+Charter&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E100-%3C%2Fspan%3E111&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1525%2Fjps.2017.46.4.100&rft.aulast=Hroub&rft.aufirst=Khaled&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1525%252Fjps.2017.46.4.100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1988+Hamas+charter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hroub2-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hroub2_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHroub2017" class="citation journal cs1">Hroub, Khaled (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2Fjps.2017.46.4.100">"A Newer Hamas? The Revised Charter"</a>. <i>Journal of Palestine Studies</i>. <b>46</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">100–</span>111. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2Fjps.2017.46.4.100">10.1525/jps.2017.46.4.100</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Palestine+Studies&rft.atitle=A+Newer+Hamas%3F+The+Revised+Charter&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E100-%3C%2Fspan%3E111&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1525%2Fjps.2017.46.4.100&rft.aulast=Hroub&rft.aufirst=Khaled&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1525%252Fjps.2017.46.4.100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1988+Hamas+charter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mughrabi2-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mughrabi2_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNidal_al-MughrabiTom_Finn2017" class="citation news cs1">Nidal al-Mughrabi; Tom Finn (2 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-palestinians-hamas-document-idUSKBN17X1N8">"Hamas softens stance on Israel, drops Muslim Brotherhood link"</a>. Reuters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190511224728/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-palestinians-hamas-document-idUSKBN17X1N8">Archived</a> from the original on 11 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Hamas+softens+stance+on+Israel%2C+drops+Muslim+Brotherhood+link&rft.date=2017-05-02&rft.au=Nidal+al-Mughrabi&rft.au=Tom+Finn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-palestinians-hamas-document-idUSKBN17X1N8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1988+Hamas+charter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/05/hamas-accepts-palestinian-state-1967-borders-170501114309725.html">"Hamas accepts Palestinian state with 1967 borders"</a>. Al-Jazeera. 2 May 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190524034028/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/05/hamas-accepts-palestinian-state-1967-borders-170501114309725.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Hamas+accepts+Palestinian+state+with+1967+borders&rft.date=2017-05-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2017%2F05%2Fhamas-accepts-palestinian-state-1967-borders-170501114309725.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1988+Hamas+charter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AJ1-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AJ1_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/5/2/hamas-accepts-palestinian-state-with-1967-borders">"Hamas accepts Palestinian state with 1967 borders"</a>. <i>Al Jazeera</i>. 2 May 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190524034028/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/05/hamas-accepts-palestinian-state-1967-borders-170501114309725.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Hamas+accepts+Palestinian+state+with+1967+borders&rft.date=2017-05-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2017%2F5%2F2%2Fhamas-accepts-palestinian-state-with-1967-borders&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1988+Hamas+charter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/netanyahu-tosses-hamas-policy-paper-on-israel-into-waste-bin-490098">"Netanyahu tosses Hamas policy paper on Israel into waste bin"</a>. <i>The Jerusalem Post</i>. 8 May 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240515014036/https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/netanyahu-tosses-hamas-policy-paper-on-israel-into-waste-bin-490098">Archived</a> from the original on 15 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Netanyahu+tosses+Hamas+policy+paper+on+Israel+into+waste+bin&rft.date=2017-05-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2Fisrael-news%2Fnetanyahu-tosses-hamas-policy-paper-on-israel-into-waste-bin-490098&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1988+Hamas+charter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeclan_Walsh2017" class="citation news cs1">Declan Walsh (3 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/02/world/middleeast/hamas-khaled-meshal-gaza.html">"Hamas Leader Plays Final Hand: Trying to Lift Group's Pariah Status"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170503163223/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/02/world/middleeast/hamas-khaled-meshal-gaza.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 May 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2017</span>. <q>Mr. Meshal's parting shot is a new political document, released at a luxury hotel in Doha on Monday, that he is pitching as an attempt to pull Hamas from its isolation by presenting a friendlier face to the world. A big part of that is its watering down of the anti-Semitic language of the original Hamas charter in 1988, with its talk of war between Arabs and Jews. "We are making it clear that ours is a liberation project — not about religion or the Jews," Mr. Meshal said in an interview on Tuesday in Doha, his latest home. His offer found few takers. <b>Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu of Israel immediately rejected the overture as an exercise in insincerity. "Hamas is attempting to fool the world, but it will not succeed," his spokesman said Monday.</b> Hamas is loathed in Israel for bombings and rockets launched indiscriminately into civilian areas, and critics say the group spends too much money preparing for war and not enough on Gaza's besieged residents. The document was also greeted with silence by Western countries, a reflection of the fact that Hamas failed to bend on any of the factors that have caused it to be branded a terrorist organization — and has not even formally repudiated the 1988 charter, with its talk of "obliterating" Israel and creating an Islamic State on "every inch" of historic Palestine. The failure to achieve even that cosmetic gesture offers a telling indication of how Hamas is hamstrung by its own deep-seated ambivalence toward reform, said Nathan Thrall, an analyst with the International Crisis Group who is based in Jerusalem, who noted that <b>the original charter has long been a source of quiet embarrassment among more reform-minded Hamas leaders.</b></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Hamas+Leader+Plays+Final+Hand%3A+Trying+to+Lift+Group%27s+Pariah+Status&rft.date=2017-05-03&rft.au=Declan+Walsh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F05%2F02%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fhamas-khaled-meshal-gaza.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1988+Hamas+charter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpoerl2020" class="citation journal cs1">Spoerl, Joseph S. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26870795">"Parallels between Nazi and Islamist Anti-Semitism"</a>. <i>Jewish Political Studies Review</i>. <b>31</b> (1/2): <span class="nowrap">210–</span>244. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0792-335X">0792-335X</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26870795">26870795</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240116061115/https://www.jstor.org/stable/26870795">Archived</a> from the original on 16 January 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Political+Studies+Review&rft.atitle=Parallels+between+Nazi+and+Islamist+Anti-Semitism&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=1%2F2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E210-%3C%2Fspan%3E244&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26870795%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0792-335X&rft.aulast=Spoerl&rft.aufirst=Joseph+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26870795&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1988+Hamas+charter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/program/talk-to-al-jazeera/2017/5/6/khaled-meshaal-struggle-is-against-israel-not-jews">"Khaled Meshaal: Struggle is against Israel, not Jews"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231119044505/https://www.aljazeera.com/program/talk-to-al-jazeera/2017/5/6/khaled-meshaal-struggle-is-against-israel-not-jews">Archived</a> from the original on 19 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Khaled+Meshaal%3A+Struggle+is+against+Israel%2C+not+Jews&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fprogram%2Ftalk-to-al-jazeera%2F2017%2F5%2F6%2Fkhaled-meshaal-struggle-is-against-israel-not-jews&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1988+Hamas+charter" class="Z3988"></span> <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera English</a>, 6 May 2017. Retrieved 28 January 2024.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreen" class="citation web cs1">Green, Mark. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wilsoncenter.org/blog-post/hamas-words-and-deeds">"Hamas: Words and Deeds…"</a>. <i>Wilson Center</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231127173724/https://www.wilsoncenter.org/blog-post/hamas-words-and-deeds">Archived</a> from the original on 27 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wilson+Center&rft.atitle=Hamas%3A+Words+and+Deeds%E2%80%A6&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wilsoncenter.org%2Fblog-post%2Fhamas-words-and-deeds&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1988+Hamas+charter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJanssen2009" class="citation book cs1">Janssen, Floor (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep05470"><i>Hamas and its Positions Towards Israel: Understanding the Islamic Resistance Organization through the concept of framing</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Institute_of_International_Relations_Clingendael" title="Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael">Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hamas+and+its+Positions+Towards+Israel%3A+Understanding+the+Islamic+Resistance+Organization+through+the+concept+of+framing&rft.pub=Netherlands+Institute+of+International+Relations+Clingendael&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Janssen&rft.aufirst=Floor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fresrep05470&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1988+Hamas+charter" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFModongal2023" class="citation book cs1">Modongal, Shameer (2023). <i>Islamic Perspectives on International Conflict Resolution:Theological Debates and the Israel-Palestinian Peace Process</i>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islamic+Perspectives+on+International+Conflict+Resolution%3ATheological+Debates+and+the+Israel-Palestinian+Peace+Process&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2023&rft.aulast=Modongal&rft.aufirst=Shameer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1988+Hamas+charter" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 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href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/ar:%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3" class="extiw" title="wikisource:ar:ميثاق حركة حماس">:ar:ميثاق حركة حماس</a></b></div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.palestine-studies.org/sites/default/files/attachments/jps-articles/2538093.pdf">1993 translation by Muhammad Maqdsi</a>, published in the <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Palestine_Studies" title="Journal of Palestine Studies">Journal of Palestine Studies</a></i></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hamas469" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#008000; color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hamas" title="Template:Hamas"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hamas" title="Template talk:Hamas"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hamas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hamas"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hamas469" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Hamas</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#008000; color:white;;width:1%;background:#80BF80; color:black;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Hamas" title="History of Hamas"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: black; text-decoration: inherit;">History</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hamas Charter</a> (<a href="/wiki/2017_Hamas_charter" title="2017 Hamas charter">revised</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatah%E2%80%93Hamas_conflict" title="Fatah–Hamas conflict">Fatah–Hamas conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gaza_(2007)" title="Battle of Gaza (2007)">Takeover of the Gaza Strip</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/25th_anniversary_of_Hamas" title="25th anniversary of Hamas">25th anniversary of Hamas</a> (2012)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#008000; color:white;;width:1%;background:#80BF80; color:black;">Political wing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_leaders_of_Hamas" title="List of leaders of Hamas">List of leaders of Hamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamas_government_in_the_Gaza_Strip" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamas government in the Gaza Strip">Hamas government in the Gaza Strip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamas_temporary_committee" title="Hamas temporary committee">Hamas temporary committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Salvation_Party" title="Islamic Salvation Party">Islamic Salvation Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaled_Mashal" title="Khaled Mashal">Khaled Mashal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismail_Haniyeh" title="Ismail Haniyeh">Ismail Haniyeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahya_Sinwar" title="Yahya Sinwar">Yahya Sinwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basem_Naim" title="Basem Naim">Basem Naim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Baraka" title="Ali Baraka">Ali Baraka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mousa_Abu_Marzook" title="Mousa Abu Marzook">Mousa Abu Marzook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaher_Jabarin" title="Zaher Jabarin">Zaher Jabarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essam_al-Da%27alis" title="Essam al-Da'alis">Essam al-Da'alis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdel_Aziz_al-Rantisi" title="Abdel Aziz al-Rantisi">Abdel Aziz al-Rantisi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Rantisi_Hospital" title="Al-Rantisi Hospital">hospital</a></li></ul></li> <li>Women: <a href="/wiki/Jamila_Abdallah_Taha_al-Shanti" title="Jamila Abdallah Taha al-Shanti">Jamila Abdallah Taha al-Shanti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umm_Nidal" title="Umm Nidal">Umm Nidal</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Elections9" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#BFDFBF;;width:1%">Elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2005_Palestinian_presidential_election" title="2005 Palestinian presidential election">2005 presidential</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Palestinian_legislative_election" title="2006 Palestinian legislative election">2006 legislative</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#008000; color:white;;width:1%;background:#80BF80; color:black;">Law and order</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interior_Minister_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Interior Minister of the Gaza Strip">Interior Minister of the Gaza Strip</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ihab_al-Ghussein" title="Ihab al-Ghussein">Ihab al-Ghussein</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Civil_Police_Force#Gaza_Strip" title="Palestinian Civil Police Force">Police</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faiq_Mabhouh" class="mw-redirect" title="Faiq Mabhouh">Faiq Mabhouh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palestinian_Executive_Force&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palestinian Executive Force (page does not exist)">Palestinian Executive Force</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B0%D9%8A%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:القوة التنفيذية">ar</a>]</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Said_Seyam" title="Said Seyam">Said Seyam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_law" title="Palestinian law">Palestinian law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Capital punishment in the Gaza Strip">Executions</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#008000; color:white;;width:1%;background:#80BF80; color:black;">Military wing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Joint_Operations_Room" title="Palestinian Joint Operations Room">Palestinian Joint Operations Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qassam_Brigades" title="Al-Qassam Brigades">Al-Qassam Brigades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nukhba_forces" title="Nukhba forces">Nukbha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayman_Nofal" title="Ayman Nofal">Ayman Nofal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamas_in_Lebanon" title="Hamas in Lebanon">al-Aqsa Flood Vanguards unit</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="People6" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#BFDFBF;;width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Leader: <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Deif" title="Mohammed Deif">Mohammed Deif</a></li> <li>Spokesperson: <a href="/wiki/Abu_Ubaida_(Hamas)" title="Abu Ubaida (Hamas)">Abu Ubaida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marwan_Issa" title="Marwan Issa">Marwan Issa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahya_Ayyash" title="Yahya Ayyash">Yahya Ayyash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adnan_al-Ghoul" title="Adnan al-Ghoul">Adnan al-Ghoul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salah_Shehade" title="Salah Shehade">Salah Shehade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazen_Faqha" title="Mazen Faqha">Mazen Faqha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wa%27el_Nassar" title="Wa'el Nassar">Wa'el Nassar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Jabari" title="Ahmed Jabari">Ahmed Jabari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imad_Abbas" title="Imad Abbas">Imad Abbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emad_Akel" title="Emad Akel">Emad Akel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nidal_Farahat" title="Nidal Farahat">Nidal Farahat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunis_Al_Astal" title="Yunis Al Astal">Yunis Al Astal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Ghandour_(militant)" title="Ahmed Ghandour (militant)">Ahmed Ghandour</a></li> <li>Women <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reem_Riyashi" title="Reem Riyashi">Reem Riyashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatma_Omar_An-Najar" title="Fatma Omar An-Najar">Fatma Omar An-Najar</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#BFDFBF;;width:1%">Operations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Yaron_and_Efrat_Ungar" title="Murder of Yaron and Efrat Ungar">Murder of Yaron and Efrat Ungar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sbarro_restaurant_suicide_bombing" title="Sbarro restaurant suicide bombing">Sbarro restaurant suicide bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_Immanuel_bus_attack" title="2001 Immanuel bus attack">2001 Immanuel bus attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Ashdod_Port_bombings" title="2004 Ashdod Port bombings">2004 Ashdod Port bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IDF_outpost_bombing_attack_(December_2004)" title="IDF outpost bombing attack (December 2004)">IDF outpost bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Gaza_cross-border_raid" title="2006 Gaza cross-border raid">2006 Gaza cross-border raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_War_(2008%E2%80%932009)" title="Gaza War (2008–2009)">Gaza War (2008–2009)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2010_West_Bank_shooting_attack" title="August 2010 West Bank shooting attack">August 2010 West Bank shooting attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Gaza_War" title="2012 Gaza War">2012 Gaza War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Gaza_War" title="2014 Gaza War">2014 Gaza War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Israel%E2%80%93Palestine_crisis" title="2021 Israel–Palestine crisis">2021 Israel–Palestine crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7_October_Hamas-led_attack_on_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="7 October Hamas-led attack on Israel">2023 attack on Israel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_war" title="Gaza war">Gaza war</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#BFDFBF;;width:1%">Weapons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Bana" title="Al-Bana">Al-Bana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batar" title="Batar">Batar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qassam_rocket" title="Qassam rocket">Qassam rocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasin_(RPG)" title="Yasin (RPG)">Yasin (RPG)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#008000; color:white;;width:1%;background:#80BF80; color:black;">Social services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_University_of_Gaza" title="Islamic University of Gaza">Islamic University of Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mujama_al-Islamiya" title="Mujama al-Islamiya">Mujama al-Islamiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Authority_Martyrs_Fund" title="Palestinian Authority Martyrs Fund">Palestinian Authority Martyrs Fund</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#008000; color:white;;width:1%;background:#80BF80; color:black;">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_TV" title="Al-Aqsa TV">Al-Aqsa TV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tomorrow%27s_Pioneers" title="Tomorrow's Pioneers">Tomorrow's Pioneers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Voice_Radio" title="Al-Aqsa Voice Radio">Al-Aqsa Voice Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Quds_TV" title="Al-Quds TV">Al-Quds TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shehab_News_Agency" title="Shehab News Agency">Shehab News Agency</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Watan_(Palestine)" title="Al-Watan (Palestine)">Al-Watan</a></i> (defunct)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#008000; color:white;;width:1%;background:#80BF80; color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Hamas" title="Foreign relations of Hamas"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: black; text-decoration: inherit;">Foreign relations</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Support from (<a href="/wiki/Iranian_support_for_Hamas" title="Iranian support for Hamas">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_support_for_Hamas" title="Israeli support for Hamas">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatari_support_for_Hamas" title="Qatari support for Hamas">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_support_for_Hamas" title="Turkish support for Hamas">Turkey</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Hamas_relations" title="Russia–Hamas relations">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamas_in_Lebanon" title="Hamas in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#008000; color:white;;width:1%;background:#80BF80; color:black;">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Hamas" title="Criticism of Hamas">Criticism of Hamas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hamas_war_crimes" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamas war crimes">Hamas war crimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamas_most_wanted_playing_cards" title="Hamas most wanted playing cards">Hamas most wanted playing cards</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#008000; color:white;"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Hamas" title="Category:Hamas"><span style="color:white;"><b>Category:Hamas</b></span></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Islam_topics273" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Islam_topics" title="Template:Islam topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Islam_topics" title="Template talk:Islam topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Islam_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Islam topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Islam_topics273" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Islam" title="Outline of Islam">Outline of Islam</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Schools_of_Islamic_theology" title="Schools of Islamic theology">Beliefs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Islam" title="God in Islam">God in Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tawhid" title="Tawhid">Tawhid</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> PBUH <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_in_Islam" title="Muhammad in Islam">In Islam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophets_and_messengers_in_Islam" title="Prophets and messengers in Islam">Prophets of Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angels_in_Islam" title="Angels in Islam">Angels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_holy_books" title="Islamic holy books">Revelation</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Predestination_in_Islam" title="Predestination in Islam">Qadar</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_of_Resurrection" class="mw-redirect" title="Day of Resurrection">Judgement Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holiest_sites_in_Islam" title="Holiest sites in Islam">Holiest sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Five_Pillars_of_Islam" title="Five Pillars of Islam">Five Pillars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background-color:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Shahada" title="Shahada">Shahada</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Salah" title="Salah">Salah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fasting_in_Islam" title="Fasting in Islam">Sawm</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat">Zakat</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Hajj</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Islam" title="History of Islam">History</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_religious_leaders" title="Islamic religious leaders">Leaders</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_history_of_Islam" title="Timeline of the history of Islam">Timeline of the history of Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_Muhammad" title="Succession to Muhammad">Succession to Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Muslim_conquests" title="Early Muslim conquests">Early conquests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Golden_Age" title="Islamic Golden Age">Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_early_Islam" title="Historiography of early Islam">Historiography</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Companions_of_the_Prophet" title="Companions of the Prophet">Sahaba</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Bayt" title="Ahl al-Bayt">Ahl al-Bayt</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Shia_doctrine" title="Imamate in Shia doctrine">Shi'a Imams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">Caliphates</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rashidun_Caliphate" title="Rashidun Caliphate"><i>Rashidun</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caliphate_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliphate of Córdoba">Córdoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate" title="Fatimid Caliphate">Fatimid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almohad_Caliphate" title="Almohad Caliphate">Almohad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sokoto_Caliphate" title="Sokoto Caliphate">Sokoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Caliphate" title="Ottoman Caliphate">Ottoman</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_holy_books" title="Islamic holy books">Religious texts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background-color:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">Hadith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tafsir" title="Tafsir">Tafsir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophetic_biography" class="mw-redirect" title="Prophetic biography">Seerah</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qisas_Al-Anbiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Qisas Al-Anbiya">Story of Prophets</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_schools_and_branches" title="Islamic schools and branches">Denominations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ash%27arism" title="Ash'arism">Ash'arism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atharism" title="Atharism">Atharism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maturidism" title="Maturidism">Maturidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu%27tazili" class="mw-redirect" title="Mu'tazili">Mu'tazili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salafi_movement" title="Salafi movement">Salafi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wahhabism" title="Wahhabism">Wahhabism</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Twelver_Shi%27ism" title="Twelver Shi'ism">Twelver Shi'ism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isma%27ilism" title="Isma'ilism">Isma'ilism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alawites" title="Alawites">Alawites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alevism" title="Alevism">Alevism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alevism" title="Alevism">Bektashi Alevism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaydism" title="Zaydism">Zaydism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhakkima" title="Muhakkima">Muhakkima</a>/<a href="/wiki/Kharijites" title="Kharijites">Khawarij</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azariqa" title="Azariqa">Azariqa</a></li> <li>Moderate Kharijites <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibadism" title="Ibadism">Ibadism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azzabas" title="Azzabas">Azzabas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nukkari" title="Nukkari">Nukkari</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufri" title="Sufri">Sufri</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Najdat" title="Najdat">Najdat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation_of_Islam" title="Nation of Islam">Nation of Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadiyya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Ahmadiyya_Movement_for_the_Propagation_of_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement for the Propagation of Islam">Lahori</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quranism" title="Quranism">Quranism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-denominational_Muslim" title="Non-denominational Muslim">Non-denominational</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_world" title="Muslim world">Life</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_culture" title="Islamic culture">Culture</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background-color:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animals_in_Islam" title="Animals in Islam">Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_art" title="Islamic art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_association_football" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam in association football">Association football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_children" title="Islam and children">Children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_clothing" title="Islamic clothing">Clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_flags" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic flags">Flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_holidays" title="Islamic holidays">Holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">Mosques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrasa" title="Madrasa">Madrasas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morality_in_Islam" title="Morality in Islam">Moral teachings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_music" title="Islamic music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_philosophy" title="Islamic philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_aspects_of_Islam" title="Political aspects of Islam">Political aspects</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qurban_(Islamic_ritual_sacrifice)" title="Qurban (Islamic ritual sacrifice)">Qurbani</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_attitudes_towards_science" title="Islamic attitudes towards science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_humanity" title="Islam and humanity">Social welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Islam" title="Women in Islam">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT in Islam">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_by_country" title="Islam by country">Islam by country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;"><div id="LawJurisprudence273" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">Law</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh">Jurisprudence</a></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_economics" title="Islamic economics">Economics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_banking_and_finance" title="Islamic banking and finance">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Islamic_economics" title="History of Islamic economics">Economic history</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sukuk" title="Sukuk">Sukuk</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Takaful" title="Takaful">Takaful</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Murabaha" title="Murabaha">Murabaha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Riba" title="Riba">Riba</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_hygienical_jurisprudence" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic hygienical jurisprudence">Hygiene</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background-color:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ghusl" title="Ghusl">Ghusl</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Miswak" title="Miswak">Miswak</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Najis" title="Najis">Najis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tayammum" title="Tayammum">Tayammum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_toilet_etiquette" title="Islamic toilet etiquette">Toilet</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wudu" title="Wudu">Wudu</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_family_jurisprudence" title="Islamic family jurisprudence">Family</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_marital_jurisprudence" title="Islamic marital jurisprudence">Marriage</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_sexual_jurisprudence" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic sexual jurisprudence">Sex</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Haya_(Islam)" title="Haya (Islam)">Haya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Islamic_marriage_contract" title="Islamic marriage contract">Marriage contract</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mahr" title="Mahr">Mahr</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mahram" title="Mahram">Mahram</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_Islam" title="Marriage in Islam">Nikah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nikah_mut%27ah" title="Nikah mut'ah">Nikah mut'ah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zina" title="Zina">Zina</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;">Other aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background-color:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Baligh" title="Baligh">Baligh</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_hygienical_jurisprudence" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic hygienical jurisprudence">Cleanliness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_criminal_jurisprudence" title="Islamic criminal jurisprudence">Criminal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostasy_in_Islam" title="Apostasy in Islam">Apostasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_blasphemy" title="Islam and blasphemy">Blasphemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Islam" title="Capital punishment in Islam">Death penalty</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dhabihah" title="Dhabihah">Dhabiĥa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dhimmi" title="Dhimmi">Dhimmi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divorce_in_Islam" title="Divorce in Islam">Divorce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_dietary_laws" title="Islamic dietary laws">Diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_ethics" title="Islamic ethics">Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adab_(Islam)" title="Adab (Islam)">Etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maisir" title="Maisir">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_gender_segregation" title="Islam and gender segregation">Gender segregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_honorifics" title="Islamic honorifics">Honorifics</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hudud" title="Hudud">Hudud</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_inheritance_jurisprudence" title="Islamic inheritance jurisprudence">Inheritance</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jizya" title="Jizya">Jizya</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_leadership" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic leadership">Leadership</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ma_malakat_aymanukum" class="mw-redirect" title="Ma malakat aymanukum">Ma malakat aymanukum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_military_jurisprudence" title="Islamic military jurisprudence">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prisoners_of_war_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Prisoners of war in Islam">POWs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_views_on_slavery" title="Islamic views on slavery">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sources_of_sharia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sources of sharia">Sources of law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_theological_jurisprudence" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic theological jurisprudence">Theological</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kalam" title="Kalam">Kalam</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhhab" title="Madhhab">Schools of islamic jurisprudence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;"><div id="_Islamic_studies273" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="padding-left:2.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Islamic_studies" title="Islamic studies">Islamic studies</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_art" title="Islamic art">Arts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabesque" title="Arabesque">Arabesque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_architecture" title="Islamic architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calligraphy" title="Islamic calligraphy">Calligraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_rug" title="Oriental rug">Carpets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_garden" title="Islamic garden">Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_geometric_patterns" title="Islamic geometric patterns">Geometric patterns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_music" title="Islamic music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_pottery" title="Islamic pottery">Pottery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Science_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Science in the medieval Islamic world">Medieval science</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background-color:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alchemy_and_chemistry_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Alchemy and chemistry in the medieval Islamic world">Alchemy and chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronomy_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Astronomy in the medieval Islamic world">Astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmology_in_medieval_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosmology in medieval Islam">Cosmology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_and_cartography_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Geography and cartography in the medieval Islamic world">Geography and cartography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathematics_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Mathematics in the medieval Islamic world">Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicine_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Medicine in the medieval Islamic world">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ophthalmology_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Ophthalmology in the medieval Islamic world">Ophthalmology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physics_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Physics in the medieval Islamic world">Physics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_philosophy" title="Islamic philosophy">Philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Islamic_philosophy" title="Early Islamic philosophy">Early</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Islamic_philosophy" title="Contemporary Islamic philosophy">Contemporary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_eschatology" title="Islamic eschatology">Eschatology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalam" title="Kalam">Theological</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;">Other areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background-color:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astrology_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Astrology in the medieval Islamic world">Astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_views_on_evolution" title="Islamic views on evolution">Creationism (evolution)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_feminism" title="Islamic feminism">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_inventions_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="List of inventions in the medieval Islamic world">Inventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_progressivism_within_Islam" title="Liberalism and progressivism within Islam">Liberalism and progressivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_literature" title="Islamic literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_poetry" title="Islamic poetry">poetry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychology_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Psychology in the medieval Islamic world">Psychology</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shu%27ubiyya" title="Shu'ubiyya">Shu'ubiyya</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversion_of_non-Islamic_places_of_worship_into_mosques" title="Conversion of non-Islamic places of worship into mosques">Conversion to mosques</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;"><div id="_Other273" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="padding-left:2.5em;"> </span>Other</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_other_religions" title="Islam and other religions">Other religions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_Islam" title="Christianity and Islam">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_Islam" title="Catholic Church and Islam">Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_Mormonism" title="Islam and Mormonism">Mormonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_and_Islam" title="Protestantism and Islam">Protestantism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druze#Relationship_with_Muslims" title="Druze">Druzism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu%E2%80%93Islamic_relations" title="Hindu–Islamic relations">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_Jainism" title="Islam and Jainism">Jainism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic%E2%80%93Jewish_relations" title="Islamic–Jewish relations">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_Sikhism" title="Islam and Sikhism">Sikhism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Apostasy_in_Islam" title="Apostasy in Islam">Apostasy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background-color:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostasy_in_Islam_by_country" title="Apostasy in Islam by country">Apostasy in Islam by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ex-Muslims" title="Ex-Muslims">Ex-Muslims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_former_Muslims" title="List of former Muslims">List of former Muslims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ex-Muslim_organisations" title="List of ex-Muslim organisations">List of ex-Muslim organisations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Islam" title="Criticism of Islam">Criticism of Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Muhammad" title="Criticism of Muhammad">Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_Quran" title="Criticism of the Quran">Quran</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural Muslim">Cultural Muslim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Islamism" title="Criticism of Islamism">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Islamism" title="Post-Islamism">Post-Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qutbism" title="Qutbism">Qutbism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islamophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_extremism" title="Islamic extremism">Islamic extremism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_terrorism" title="Islamic terrorism">Islamic terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_view_of_miracles" title="Islamic view of miracles">Islamic view of miracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_domestic_violence" title="Islam and domestic violence">Domestic violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nursing_in_Islam" title="Nursing in Islam">Nursing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Muslims" title="Persecution of Muslims">Persecution of Muslims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quran_and_miracles" class="mw-redirect" title="Quran and miracles">Quran and miracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_Islam" title="Symbols of Islam">Symbolism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/15px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/23px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/31px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Islam portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Participants34" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Participants</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Israelis" title="Israelis">Israelis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">Israel Defense Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Police" title="Israel Police">Israel Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mossad" title="Mossad">Mossad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shin_Bet" title="Shin Bet">Shabak (Shin Bet)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_nationalism" title="Palestinian nationalism">Palestinians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Principals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-Palestine_Protectorate" title="All-Palestine Protectorate">All-Palestine Protectorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Organization" title="Palestine Liberation Organization">Palestine Liberation Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatah" title="Fatah">Fatah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Authority" title="Palestinian Authority">Palestinian Authority</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Martyrs%27_Brigades" title="Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades">al-Aqsa Brigades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children_in_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Children in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine" title="Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine">DFLP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenin_Brigades" title="Jenin Brigades">Jenin Brigades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lions%27_Den_(militant_group)" title="Lions' Den (militant group)">Lions' Den</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Islamic_Jihad" title="Palestinian Islamic Jihad">PIJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Liberation_Front" title="Palestinian Liberation Front">PLF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Popular_Struggle_Front" title="Palestinian Popular Struggle Front">PPSF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine">PFLP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine_%E2%80%93_General_Command" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command">PFLP-GC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Resistance_Committees" title="Popular Resistance Committees">PRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabireen_Movement" title="Sabireen Movement">Sabireen Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Zouari" title="Sons of Zouari">Sons of Zouari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulkarm_Brigade" title="Tulkarm Brigade">Tulkarm Brigade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Third-party groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Individuals34" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Individuals</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Israelis" title="Israelis">Israelis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Arens" title="Moshe Arens">Moshe Arens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ami_Ayalon" title="Ami Ayalon">Ami Ayalon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ehud_Barak" title="Ehud Barak">Ehud Barak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Ben-Gurion" title="David Ben-Gurion">David Ben-Gurion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naftali_Bennett" title="Naftali Bennett">Naftali Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin">Menachem Begin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meir_Dagan" title="Meir Dagan">Meir Dagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Dayan" title="Moshe Dayan">Moshe Dayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avi_Dichter" title="Avi Dichter">Avi Dichter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuval_Diskin" title="Yuval Diskin">Yuval Diskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benny_Gantz" title="Benny Gantz">Benny Gantz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efraim_Halevy" title="Efraim Halevy">Efraim Halevy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Halutz" title="Dan Halutz">Dan Halutz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzipi_Livni" title="Tzipi Livni">Tzipi Livni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golda_Meir" title="Golda Meir">Golda Meir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaul_Mofaz" title="Shaul Mofaz">Shaul Mofaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Mordechai" title="Yitzhak Mordechai">Yitzhak Mordechai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ehud_Olmert" title="Ehud Olmert">Ehud Olmert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Shimon Peres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaakov_Peri" title="Yaakov Peri">Yaakov Peri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Yitzhak Rabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amnon_Lipkin-Shahak" title="Amnon Lipkin-Shahak">Amnon Lipkin-Shahak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Shamir" title="Yitzhak Shamir">Yitzhak Shamir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_Sharon" title="Ariel Sharon">Ariel Sharon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabtai_Shavit" title="Shabtai Shavit">Shabtai Shavit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Ya%27alon" title="Moshe Ya'alon">Moshe Ya'alon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danny_Yatom" title="Danny Yatom">Danny Yatom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zvi_Zamir" title="Zvi Zamir">Zvi Zamir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Palestinians" title="Palestinians">Palestinians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zaidan" title="Muhammad Zaidan">Abu Abbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Abbas" title="Mahmoud Abbas">Mahmoud Abbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moussa_Arafat" title="Moussa Arafat">Moussa Arafat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahya_Ayyash" title="Yahya Ayyash">Yahya Ayyash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marwan_Barghouti" title="Marwan Barghouti">Marwan Barghouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Dahlan" title="Mohammed Dahlan">Mohammed Dahlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Deif" title="Mohammed Deif">Mohammed Deif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Habash" title="George Habash">George Habash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadie_Haddad" title="Wadie Haddad">Wadie Haddad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismail_Haniyeh" title="Ismail Haniyeh">Ismail Haniyeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nayef_Hawatmeh" title="Nayef Hawatmeh">Nayef Hawatmeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amin_al-Husseini" title="Amin al-Husseini">Amin al-Husayni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghazi_al-Jabali" title="Ghazi al-Jabali">Ghazi Jabali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Jibril" title="Ahmed Jibril">Ahmed Jibril</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalil_al-Wazir" title="Khalil al-Wazir">Abu Jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salah_Khalaf" title="Salah Khalaf">Salah Khalaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leila_Khaled" title="Leila Khaled">Leila Khaled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izz_El-Deen_Sheikh_Khalil" title="Izz El-Deen Sheikh Khalil">Sheikh Khalil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaled_Mashal" title="Khaled Mashal">Khaled Mashal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuheir_Mohsen" title="Zuheir Mohsen">Zuheir Mohsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ali_Mustafa" title="Abu Ali Mustafa">Abu Ali Mustafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Nidal" title="Abu Nidal">Abu Nidal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izz_ad-Din_al-Qassam" title="Izz ad-Din al-Qassam">Izz ad-Din al-Qassam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jibril_Rajoub" title="Jibril Rajoub">Jibril Rajoub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdel_Aziz_al-Rantisi" title="Abdel Aziz al-Rantisi">Abdel Aziz al-Rantisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Hassan_Salameh" title="Ali Hassan Salameh">Ali Hassan Salameh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salah_Shehade" title="Salah Shehade">Salah Shehade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramadan_Shalah" title="Ramadan Shalah">Ramadan Shalah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fathi_Shaqaqi" title="Fathi Shaqaqi">Fathi Shaqaqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahlam_Tamimi" title="Ahlam Tamimi">Ahlam Tamimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Yassin" title="Ahmed Yassin">Ahmed Yassin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="*_Timeline_**_military_operations34" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Timeline</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_operations_of_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Military operations of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict">military operations</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Intercommunal_conflict_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine">Background</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1920–194811" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em">1920–1948</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1920 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1920_Nebi_Musa_riots" title="1920 Nebi Musa riots">Nebi Musa riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tel_Hai" title="Battle of Tel Hai">Battle of Tel Hai</a></li></ul></li> <li>1921 <a href="/wiki/Jaffa_riots" title="Jaffa riots">Jaffa riots</a></li> <li>1929 <a href="/wiki/1929_Palestine_riots" title="1929 Palestine riots">Palestine riots</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1929_Hebron_massacre" title="1929 Hebron massacre">Hebron massacre</a></li></ul></li> <li>1936–1939 <a href="/wiki/1936%E2%80%931939_Arab_revolt_in_Palestine" title="1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine">Arab revolt</a></li> <li>1944–1947 <a href="/wiki/Jewish_insurgency_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine">Jewish insurgency</a></li> <li>1947–1948 <a href="/wiki/1947%E2%80%931948_civil_war_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine">Civil War</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nakba" title="Nakba">Nakba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-right:0.5em;"> </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1948–197011" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em">1948–1970</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1948 <a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">Arab–Israeli War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killings_and_massacres_during_the_1948_Palestine_war" title="Killings and massacres during the 1948 Palestine war">massacres</a></li></ul></li> <li>1948–present <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_fedayeen" title="Palestinian fedayeen">Fedayeen insurgency</a> <ul><li>1951–1967 <a href="/wiki/List_of_attacks_against_Israeli_civilians_before_1967" title="List of attacks against Israeli civilians before 1967">Attacks against Israeli civilians</a></li> <li>1950s–1960s <a href="/wiki/Reprisal_operations" title="Reprisal operations">Reprisal operations</a></li></ul></li> <li>1953 <a href="/wiki/Qibya_massacre" title="Qibya massacre">Qibya massacre</a></li> <li>1956 <a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kafr_Qasim_massacre" title="Kafr Qasim massacre">Kafr Qasim</a> / <a href="/wiki/Khan_Yunis_massacre" title="Khan Yunis massacre">Khan Yunis</a> / <a href="/wiki/1956_Rafah_massacre" title="1956 Rafah massacre">Rafah massacres</a></li> <li>1967 <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a></li> <li>1967–1970 <a href="/wiki/War_of_Attrition" title="War of Attrition">War of Attrition</a> <ul><li>1968 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Karameh" title="Battle of Karameh">Battle of Karameh</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-right:0.5em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_insurgency_in_South_Lebanon" title="Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon">Palestinian<br />insurgency</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1968–198211" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em">1968–1982</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1970 <a href="/wiki/Avivim_school_bus_bombing" title="Avivim school bus bombing">Avivim school bus bombing</a></li> <li>1972 <a href="/wiki/Sabena_Flight_571" title="Sabena Flight 571">Sabena Flight 571</a> / <a href="/wiki/Munich_massacre" title="Munich massacre">Munich massacre</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mossad_assassinations_following_the_Munich_massacre" title="Mossad assassinations following the Munich massacre">"Bayonet"</a> (1973 <a href="/wiki/Lillehammer_affair" title="Lillehammer affair">Lillehammer affair</a>)</li> <li>1974 <a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Shmona_massacre" title="Kiryat Shmona massacre">Kiryat Shmona massacre</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ma%27alot_massacre" title="Ma'alot massacre">Ma'alot massacre</a></li> <li>1975 <a href="/wiki/Savoy_Hotel_attack" title="Savoy Hotel attack">Savoy Hotel attack</a></li> <li>1976 <a href="/wiki/Entebbe_raid" title="Entebbe raid">Entebbe raid</a></li> <li>1978 <a href="/wiki/Coastal_road_massacre" title="Coastal road massacre">Coastal road massacre</a> / <a href="/wiki/1978_South_Lebanon_conflict" title="1978 South Lebanon conflict">South Lebanon conflict</a></li> <li>1980 <a href="/wiki/Misgav_Am_hostage_crisis" title="Misgav Am hostage crisis">Misgav Am hostage crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-right:0.5em;"> </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1973–198711" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em">1973–1987</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1973 <a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur War</a></li> <li>1975 <a href="/wiki/Ben_Yehuda_Street_bombings#1975" title="Ben Yehuda Street bombings">Zion Square bombing</a></li> <li>1982 <a href="/wiki/1982_Lebanon_War" title="1982 Lebanon War">Lebanon War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Beirut" title="Siege of Beirut">Siege of Beirut</a></li></ul></li> <li>1983 <a href="/wiki/1983_West_Bank_fainting_epidemic" title="1983 West Bank fainting epidemic">1983 West Bank fainting epidemic</a></li> <li>1984 <a href="/wiki/Bus_300_affair" title="Bus 300 affair">Bus 300 affair</a></li> <li>1985 <a href="/wiki/Achille_Lauro_hijacking" title="Achille Lauro hijacking"><i>Achille Lauro</i> hijacking</a> / <a href="/wiki/Operation_Wooden_Leg" title="Operation Wooden Leg">"Wooden Leg"</a></li> <li>1987 <a href="/wiki/Night_of_the_Gliders" title="Night of the Gliders">Night of the Gliders</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/First_Intifada" title="First Intifada">First Intifada</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1987–199111" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em">1987–1991</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1988 <a href="/wiki/Khalil_al-Wazir#Assassination" title="Khalil al-Wazir">Tunis raid</a></li> <li>1989 <a href="/wiki/1989_Tel_Aviv%E2%80%93Jerusalem_bus_attack" title="1989 Tel Aviv–Jerusalem bus attack">Bus 405 attack</a></li> <li>1990 <a href="/wiki/1990_Temple_Mount_killings" title="1990 Temple Mount killings">Temple Mount killings</a></li> <li>1990s <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_suicide_attacks" title="Palestinian suicide attacks">Palestinian suicide attacks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Palestinian_suicide_attacks#1990s" title="List of Palestinian suicide attacks">list</a></li></ul></li> <li>1994 <a href="/wiki/Cave_of_the_Patriarchs_massacre" title="Cave of the Patriarchs massacre">Cave of the Patriarchs massacre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Second_Intifada" title="Second Intifada">Second Intifada</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="2000–200511" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em">2000–2005</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_rocket_attacks_on_Israel" title="Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel">Palestinian rocket attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_suicide_attacks" title="Palestinian suicide attacks">Palestinian suicide attacks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Palestinian_suicide_attacks#2000s" title="List of Palestinian suicide attacks">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Israeli_assassinations#2000s" title="List of Israeli assassinations">Israeli assassinations</a></li> <li>2000 <a href="/wiki/October_2000_protests_in_Israel" title="October 2000 protests in Israel">October events</a></li> <li>2001 <a href="/wiki/Santorini_affair" title="Santorini affair"><i>Santorini</i></a></li> <li>2002 <a href="/wiki/Karine_A_affair" title="Karine A affair"><i>Karine A</i></a> / <a href="/wiki/Operation_Defensive_Shield" title="Operation Defensive Shield">"Defensive Shield"</a> / <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jenin_(2002)" title="Battle of Jenin (2002)">Battle of Jenin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nablus" title="Battle of Nablus">Battle of Nablus</a> / <a href="/wiki/Operation_Determined_Path" title="Operation Determined Path">"Determined Path"</a></li> <li>2003 <a href="/wiki/Ain_es_Saheb_airstrike" title="Ain es Saheb airstrike">Ain es Saheb airstrike</a></li> <li>2004 <a href="/wiki/2004_Israeli_operation_in_Rafah" title="2004 Israeli operation in Rafah">"Rainbow"</a> / <a href="/wiki/2004_Beit_Hanoun_raid" title="2004 Beit Hanoun raid">Beit Hanoun raid</a> / <a href="/wiki/2004_Israeli_operation_in_the_northern_Gaza_Strip" title="2004 Israeli operation in the northern Gaza Strip">"Days of Penitence"</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-right:0.5em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Palestinian dissident<br />campaigns</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="2006–present14" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em">2006–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2006 <a href="/wiki/Operation_Bringing_Home_the_Goods" title="Operation Bringing Home the Goods">"Bringing Home the Goods"</a></li> <li>2008 <a href="/wiki/2008_Jerusalem_yeshiva_attack" title="2008 Jerusalem yeshiva attack">Jerusalem yeshiva attack</a> / <a href="/wiki/2008_Jerusalem_bulldozer_attack" title="2008 Jerusalem bulldozer attack">Jerusalem bulldozer attack</a></li> <li>2009 <a href="/wiki/2009_Al-Aqsa_clashes" title="2009 Al-Aqsa clashes">Al-Aqsa clashes</a></li> <li>2010 <a href="/wiki/2010_Palestinian_militancy_campaign" title="2010 Palestinian militancy campaign">Palestinian militancy campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%932016_wave_of_violence_in_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="2015–2016 wave of violence in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict">2015–2016 violence</a></li> <li>2017 <a href="/wiki/2017_Temple_Mount_crisis" title="2017 Temple Mount crisis">Temple Mount crisis</a></li> <li>2021 <a href="/wiki/2021_Israel%E2%80%93Palestine_crisis" title="2021 Israel–Palestine crisis">Israel–Palestine crisis</a></li> <li>2022 <a href="/wiki/2022_Al-Aqsa_clashes" title="2022 Al-Aqsa clashes">Al-Aqsa clashes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-right:0.5em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_conflict" title="Gaza–Israel conflict">Gaza–Israel<br />conflict</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="2006–present14" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em">2006–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2006 <a href="/wiki/2006_Gaza_beach_explosion" title="2006 Gaza beach explosion">Gaza beach explosion</a> / <a href="/wiki/2006_Gaza_cross-border_raid" title="2006 Gaza cross-border raid">Gaza cross-border raid</a> / <a href="/wiki/2006_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_conflict" title="2006 Gaza–Israel conflict">"Summer Rains"</a> / <a href="/wiki/2006_Israeli_operation_in_Beit_Hanoun" title="2006 Israeli operation in Beit Hanoun">"Autumn Clouds"</a> / <a href="/wiki/2006_shelling_of_Beit_Hanoun" title="2006 shelling of Beit Hanoun">Beit Hanoun shelling</a></li> <li>2008 <a href="/wiki/2008_breach_of_the_Egypt%E2%80%93Gaza_border" title="2008 breach of the Egypt–Gaza border">Egypt–Gaza border breach</a> / <a href="/wiki/Operation_Hot_Winter" title="Operation Hot Winter">"Hot Winter"</a></li> <li>2008–2009 <a href="/wiki/Gaza_War_(2008%E2%80%932009)" title="Gaza War (2008–2009)">Gaza War</a></li> <li>2010 <a href="/wiki/Gaza_flotilla_raid" title="Gaza flotilla raid">Gaza flotilla raid</a></li> <li>2012 <a href="/wiki/March_2012_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="March 2012 Gaza–Israel clashes">"Returning Echo"</a> / <a href="/wiki/2012_Gaza_War" title="2012 Gaza War">"Pillar of Defense"</a></li> <li>2014 <a href="/wiki/2014_Gaza_War" title="2014 Gaza War">"Protective Edge"</a></li> <li>2015 <a href="/wiki/Freedom_Flotilla_III" title="Freedom Flotilla III">Freedom Flotilla III</a></li> <li>2018 <a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%932019_Gaza_border_protests" title="2018–2019 Gaza border protests">Gaza border protests</a> / <a href="/wiki/November_2018_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="November 2018 Gaza–Israel clashes">November clashes</a></li> <li>2019 <a href="/wiki/May_2019_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="May 2019 Gaza–Israel clashes">May clashes</a> / <a href="/wiki/November_2019_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="November 2019 Gaza–Israel clashes">"Black Belt"</a></li> <li>2021 <a href="/wiki/2021_Israel%E2%80%93Palestine_crisis" title="2021 Israel–Palestine crisis">"Guardian of the Walls"</a></li> <li>2022 <a href="/wiki/2022_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="2022 Gaza–Israel clashes">"Breaking Dawn"</a></li> <li>2023 <a href="/wiki/May_2023_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="May 2023 Gaza–Israel clashes">"Shield and Arrow"</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gaza_war" title="Gaza war">Gaza war</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Diplomacy/law34" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Diplomacy/law</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Timeline58" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Timeline</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">1948–1991</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1948 <a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_expulsion_and_flight" title="1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight">Palestinian expulsion and flight</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_and_villages_depopulated_during_the_1947%E2%80%931949_Palestine_war" title="List of towns and villages depopulated during the 1947–1949 Palestine war">depopulated towns and villages</a></li></ul></li> <li>1949 <a href="/wiki/Lausanne_Conference_of_1949" title="Lausanne Conference of 1949">Lausanne Conference</a></li> <li>1967–present <a href="/wiki/Israeli_settlement" title="Israeli settlement">Israeli settlement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_settler_violence" title="Israeli settler violence">settler violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_law_and_Israeli_settlements" class="mw-redirect" title="International law and Israeli settlements">international law</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1981–1982 <a href="/wiki/Fahd_Plan" title="Fahd Plan">Fahd Plan</a></li> <li>1991 <a href="/wiki/Madrid_Conference_of_1991" title="Madrid Conference of 1991">Madrid Conference</a></li> <li>1993–1995 <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Accords" title="Oslo Accords">Oslo Accords</a></li> <li>1994 <a href="/wiki/Protocol_on_Economic_Relations" title="Protocol on Economic Relations">Paris Protocol</a></li> <li>1994 <a href="/wiki/Gaza%E2%80%93Jericho_Agreement" title="Gaza–Jericho Agreement">Gaza–Jericho Agreement</a></li> <li>1994–present <a href="/wiki/United_States_security_assistance_to_the_Palestinian_National_Authority" title="United States security assistance to the Palestinian National Authority">US security assistance to the PA</a></li> <li>1997 <a href="/wiki/Protocol_Concerning_the_Redeployment_in_Hebron" title="Protocol Concerning the Redeployment in Hebron">Hebron Agreement</a></li> <li>1998 <a href="/wiki/Wye_River_Memorandum" title="Wye River Memorandum">Wye River Memorandum</a></li> <li>1999 <a href="/wiki/Sharm_El_Sheikh_Memorandum" title="Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum">Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2000 <a href="/wiki/2000_Camp_David_Summit" title="2000 Camp David Summit">Camp David Summit</a> / <a href="/wiki/The_Clinton_Parameters" title="The Clinton Parameters">Clinton Parameters</a></li> <li>2001 <a href="/wiki/Taba_Summit" title="Taba Summit">Taba Summit</a></li> <li>2002 <a href="/wiki/Quartet_on_the_Middle_East" title="Quartet on the Middle East">Quartet established</a></li> <li>2003 <a href="/wiki/Road_map_for_peace" title="Road map for peace">Road Map</a></li> <li>2005 <a href="/wiki/Israeli_disengagement_from_Gaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli disengagement from Gaza">Israeli disengagement from Gaza</a></li> <li>2005 <a href="/wiki/Agreement_on_Movement_and_Access" title="Agreement on Movement and Access">Agreement on Movement and Access</a></li> <li>2006 <a href="/wiki/Valley_of_Peace_initiative" title="Valley of Peace initiative">Valley of Peace initiative</a></li> <li>2007 <a href="/wiki/Annapolis_Conference" title="Annapolis Conference">Annapolis Conference</a></li> <li>2009 <a href="/wiki/2009_Aftonbladet_Israel_controversy" title="2009 Aftonbladet Israel controversy"><i>Aftonbladet</i> Israel controversy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2010–11 <a href="/wiki/2010%E2%80%932011_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_peace_talks" title="2010–2011 Israeli–Palestinian peace talks">Israeli–Palestinian peace talks</a></li> <li>2011 <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Papers" title="Palestine Papers">Palestine Papers</a></li> <li>2013–2014 <a href="/wiki/2013%E2%80%932014_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_peace_talks" title="2013–2014 Israeli–Palestinian peace talks">Israeli–Palestinian peace talks</a></li> <li>2023–present <a href="/wiki/Gaza_genocide" title="Gaza genocide">Gaza genocide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Nations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israel_and_the_United_Nations" title="Israel and the United Nations">Israel and the UN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_and_the_United_Nations" title="Palestine and the United Nations">Palestine and the UN</a></li> <li>1947 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestine" title="United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine">UN Resolution 181</a></li> <li>1948 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_194" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 194">UN Resolution 194</a></li> <li>1967 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_242" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 242">UN Resolution 242</a></li> <li>ICJ cases <ul><li>2004 <a href="/wiki/Legal_Consequences_of_the_Construction_of_a_Wall_in_the_Occupied_Palestinian_Territory" title="Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory">Wall construction</a></li> <li>2023–present <a href="/wiki/South_Africa%27s_genocide_case_against_Israel" title="South Africa's genocide case against Israel">South African allegation of genocide</a></li> <li>2024 <i><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua_v._Germany" title="Nicaragua v. Germany">Nicaragua v. Germany</a></i></li> <li>2023–2024 <a href="/wiki/ICJ_case_on_Israel%27s_occupation_of_the_Palestinian_territories" title="ICJ case on Israel's occupation of the Palestinian territories">Israeli occupation</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court" title="International Criminal Court">ICC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Palestine" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Palestine">Palestine investigation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_arrest_warrants_for_Israeli_leaders" title="International Criminal Court arrest warrants for Israeli leaders">arrest warrants</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Analysis34" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Analysis</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Palestinianism" title="Anti-Palestinianism">Anti-Palestinianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparisons_between_Israel_and_Nazi_Germany" title="Comparisons between Israel and Nazi Germany">Comparisons between Israel and Nazi Germany</a></li> <li>Criticism <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Hamas" title="Criticism of Hamas">Criticism of Hamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Israel" title="Criticism of Israel">Criticism of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_criticism_of_the_occupation_of_Palestine" title="Israeli criticism of the occupation of Palestine">Israeli criticism of the occupation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_coverage_of_the_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Media coverage of the Arab–Israeli conflict">Media coverage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Israel" title="Racism in Israel">Racism in Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Racism in the State of Palestine">Racism in Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_anti-Zionism" title="Timeline of anti-Zionism">Timeline of anti-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/There_was_no_such_thing_as_Palestinians" title="There was no such thing as Palestinians">There was no such thing as Palestinians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" 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