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id="toc-Legal_definition_of_genocide-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_definitions_of_genocide" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_definitions_of_genocide"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Other definitions of genocide </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_definitions_of_genocide-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Minimum_number_of_victims" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Minimum_number_of_victims"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Minimum number of victims </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Minimum_number_of_victims-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alleged_genocidal_acts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alleged_genocidal_acts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Alleged genocidal acts </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Alleged_genocidal_acts-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Alleged genocidal acts subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Alleged_genocidal_acts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Direct_killings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Direct_killings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Direct killings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Direct_killings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indirect_deaths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indirect_deaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Indirect deaths </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indirect_deaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Starvation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Starvation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Starvation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Starvation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deliberate_destruction_of_civilian_infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deliberate_destruction_of_civilian_infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Deliberate destruction of civilian infrastructure </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deliberate_destruction_of_civilian_infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Destruction_of_cultural_and_religious_sites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Destruction_of_cultural_and_religious_sites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4.1 Destruction of cultural and religious sites </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Destruction_of_cultural_and_religious_sites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Incommunicado_detention,_torture_and_sexual_violence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Incommunicado_detention,_torture_and_sexual_violence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Incommunicado detention, torture and sexual violence </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Incommunicado_detention,_torture_and_sexual_violence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Attacks_on_healthcare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attacks_on_healthcare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 Attacks on healthcare </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attacks_on_healthcare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7 Other </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genocidal_intent" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genocidal_intent"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Genocidal intent </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Genocidal_intent-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Genocidal intent subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Genocidal_intent-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Israeli_cabinet_ministers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israeli_cabinet_ministers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Israeli cabinet ministers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israeli_cabinet_ministers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Israeli_president_and_members_of_Israeli_parliament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israeli_president_and_members_of_Israeli_parliament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Israeli president and members of Israeli parliament </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israeli_president_and_members_of_Israeli_parliament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Invocations_of_Amalek" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Invocations_of_Amalek"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Invocations of Amalek </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Invocations_of_Amalek-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_Israeli_officials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_Israeli_officials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Other Israeli officials </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_Israeli_officials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_evidence_of_genocidal_intent" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_evidence_of_genocidal_intent"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Other evidence of genocidal intent </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_evidence_of_genocidal_intent-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Academic_and_legal_discourse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academic_and_legal_discourse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Academic and legal discourse </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Academic_and_legal_discourse-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Academic and legal discourse subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Academic_and_legal_discourse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Holocaust_and_genocide_studies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Holocaust_and_genocide_studies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Holocaust and genocide studies </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Holocaust_and_genocide_studies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_Eastern_studies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_Eastern_studies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Middle Eastern studies </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_Eastern_studies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_law_scholars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_law_scholars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 International law scholars </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_law_scholars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Others" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Others"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Others </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Others-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legal_proceedings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_proceedings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Legal proceedings </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legal_proceedings-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Legal proceedings subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Legal_proceedings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-International_Court_of_Justice_application" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_Court_of_Justice_application"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 International Court of Justice application </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_Court_of_Justice_application-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Israeli_response" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israeli_response"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.1 Israeli response </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israeli_response-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_Criminal_Court" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_Criminal_Court"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 International Criminal Court </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_Criminal_Court-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U.S._Center_for_Constitutional_Rights_lawsuit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._Center_for_Constitutional_Rights_lawsuit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 U.S. Center for Constitutional Rights lawsuit </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U.S._Center_for_Constitutional_Rights_lawsuit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Occupation_proceedings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Occupation_proceedings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Occupation proceedings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Occupation_proceedings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-German_lawsuit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#German_lawsuit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 German lawsuit </div> </a> <ul id="toc-German_lawsuit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nicaragua_v._Germany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nicaragua_v._Germany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.6 Nicaragua v. Germany </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nicaragua_v._Germany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Australian_legal_proceedings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australian_legal_proceedings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.7 Australian legal proceedings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australian_legal_proceedings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Responsibility_of_third_states" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Responsibility_of_third_states"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Responsibility of third states </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Responsibility_of_third_states-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Responsibility of third states subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Responsibility_of_third_states-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 United States </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rhetoric_from_U.S._politicians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rhetoric_from_U.S._politicians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1.1 Rhetoric from U.S. politicians </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rhetoric_from_U.S._politicians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 United Kingdom </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Germany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Germany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Germany </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Germany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Statements_by_political_organisations_and_governments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Statements_by_political_organisations_and_governments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Statements by political organisations and governments </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Statements_by_political_organisations_and_governments-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Statements by political organisations and governments subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Statements_by_political_organisations_and_governments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-World_leaders_and_governments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_leaders_and_governments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 World leaders and governments </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_leaders_and_governments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Civil_servants_and_elected_representatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civil_servants_and_elected_representatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Civil servants and elected representatives </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civil_servants_and_elected_representatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-NGOs_and_intergovernmental_organisations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#NGOs_and_intergovernmental_organisations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 NGOs and intergovernmental organisations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-NGOs_and_intergovernmental_organisations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-United_Nations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Nations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3.1 United Nations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Nations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_discourse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_discourse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Cultural discourse </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cultural_discourse-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Cultural discourse subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Cultural_discourse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Media_discourse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media_discourse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Media discourse </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media_discourse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Israeli_public_opinion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israeli_public_opinion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Israeli public opinion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israeli_public_opinion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Claims_of_antisemitism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Claims_of_antisemitism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Claims of antisemitism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Claims_of_antisemitism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Footnotes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 Works cited </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Gaza genocide</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 25 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" > 25 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9" title="الإبادة الجماعية لغزة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الإبادة الجماعية لغزة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%B2%D9%87_%D8%B3%D8%A4%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C" title="غزه سؤی‌قیریمی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="غزه سؤی‌قیریمی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE" title="গাজা গণহত্যা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গাজা গণহত্যা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genocid_u_Gazi" title="Genocid u Gazi – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Genocid u Gazi" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genocidi_de_Gaza" title="Genocidi de Gaza – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Genocidi de Gaza" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genocida_v_P%C3%A1smu_Gazy" title="Genocida v Pásmu Gazy – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Genocida v Pásmu Gazy" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hil-laddiad_Gaza" title="Hil-laddiad Gaza – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Hil-laddiad Gaza" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genocidio_en_Gaza" title="Genocidio en Gaza – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Genocidio en Gaza" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genozidioa_Gazan" title="Genozidioa Gazan – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Genozidioa Gazan" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%84%E2%80%8C%DA%A9%D8%B4%DB%8C_%D8%BA%D8%B2%D9%87" title="نسل‌کشی غزه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نسل‌کشی غزه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risque_de_g%C3%A9nocide_%C3%A0_Gaza_depuis_2023" title="Risque de génocide à Gaza depuis 2023 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Risque de génocide à Gaza depuis 2023" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjenocidi_te_Striche_di_Gaze" title="Gjenocidi te Striche di Gaze – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Gjenocidi te Striche di Gaze" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenocidio_de_Gaza" title="Xenocidio de Gaza – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Xenocidio 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Characterisation of Israeli mass killings in Gaza</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about ongoing Israeli mass killings in Gaza. For accusations throughout the <a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a>, see <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_genocide_accusation" title="Palestinian genocide accusation">Palestinian genocide accusation</a>. For allegations against Hamas, see <a href="/wiki/Allegations_of_genocide_in_the_October_7_Hamas-led_attack_on_Israel" title="Allegations of genocide in the October 7 Hamas-led attack on Israel">Allegations of genocide in the October 7 Hamas-led attack on Israel</a>.</div> This page is subject to the extended confirmed restriction related to the Arab-Israeli conflict. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size:125%;">Gaza genocide</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_war" title="Gaza war">Gaza war</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Israeli-occupied_territories" title="Israeli-occupied territories">Israeli occupation of the Palestinian territories</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Damage_in_Gaza_Strip_during_the_October_2023_-_36.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Damage_in_Gaza_Strip_during_the_October_2023_-_36.jpg/300px-Damage_in_Gaza_Strip_during_the_October_2023_-_36.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Damage_in_Gaza_Strip_during_the_October_2023_-_36.jpg/450px-Damage_in_Gaza_Strip_during_the_October_2023_-_36.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Damage_in_Gaza_Strip_during_the_October_2023_-_36.jpg/600px-Damage_in_Gaza_Strip_during_the_October_2023_-_36.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1600" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Palestinians receive treatment on the floor at the overcrowded emergency ward of <a href="/wiki/Al-Shifa_hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Shifa hospital">Al-Shifa hospital</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gaza_City" title="Gaza City">Gaza City</a>, October 2023</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data location"><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date</th><td class="infobox-data">7 October 2023 (2023-10-07) – present<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmnesty_International_report202437-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Target</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Palestinians" title="Palestinians">Palestinians</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Attack type</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Collective_punishment" title="Collective punishment">Collective punishment</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mass_murder" title="Mass murder">mass murder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing" title="Ethnic cleansing">ethnic cleansing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Forced_displacement" title="Forced displacement">forced displacement</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bombardment" title="Bombardment">bombardment</a>, <a href="/wiki/Targeted_killing" title="Targeted killing">targeted killings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Starvation_(crime)" title="Starvation (crime)">starvation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Torture" title="Torture">torture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sexual_and_gender-based_violence_against_Palestinians_during_the_Gaza_war" title="Sexual and gender-based violence against Palestinians during the Gaza war">rape</a><a href="#cite_note-ohchr-2024-08-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-lemkin-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Deaths</th><td class="infobox-data"><div><ul><li>At least 48,200 reported directly killed<a href="#cite_note-gazamoh-10">[a]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[b]</a></li><li>More than 10,000 estimated under rubble<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnited_Nations_in_Palestine2024-13">[11]</a></li><li>Indirect deaths<a href="#cite_note-15">[c]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[13]</a> likely to be several times higher than those directly killed<a href="#cite_note-18">[d]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKhatibMcKeeYusuf2024237-19">[15]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Injured</th><td class="infobox-data">At least 111,700<a href="#cite_note-snapshot-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKhadderHaq2024-20">[16]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Victims</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li>20% of population facing "catastrophic levels of acute food insecurity" involving "an extreme lack of food, starvation, and exhaustion"<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurke2024-21">[17]</a></li> <li>1,900,000+ internally displaced persons<a href="#cite_note-HRW-Starvation-22">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[19]</a></li> <li>Damaging or destruction of approximately 80% of homes and 50% of buildings in Gaza<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESemerdjian20244-24">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalsinShah2023-25">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[e]</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Motive</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li>Retaliation and revenge for the <a href="/wiki/October_7_Hamas-led_attack_on_Israel" title="October 7 Hamas-led attack on Israel">7 October attacks</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-Response-29">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[25]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Palestinianism" title="Anti-Palestinianism">Anti-Palestinianism</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESultany20242–3-31">[26]</a> <a href="/wiki/Anti-Arab_racism" title="Anti-Arab racism">anti-Arab racism</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[27]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Settler_colonialism" title="Settler colonialism">Settler colonialism</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[28]</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Accused</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_war_cabinet" title="Israeli war cabinet">Israeli war cabinet</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Thirty-seventh_government_of_Israel" title="Thirty-seventh government of Israel">government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">Israel Defense Forces</a>, under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Israel_Katz" title="Israel Katz">Israel Katz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yoav_Gallant" title="Yoav Gallant">Yoav Gallant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Security_(Israel)" title="Ministry of National Security (Israel)">Israel Ministry of National Security</a>, under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Itamar_Ben-Gvir" title="Itamar Ben-Gvir">Itamar Ben-Gvir</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Complicity_in_genocide" title="Complicity in genocide">Potential complicity</a> includes:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESultany202423-34">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECordall2024-35">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-Amnesty_Report_News_Item-36">[31]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_complicity_in_Israeli_war_crimes_in_the_Gaza_war" title="United States complicity in Israeli war crimes in the Gaza war">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Litigation</th><td class="infobox-data"><div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa%27s_genocide_case_against_Israel" title="South Africa's genocide case against Israel">South Africa's genocide case against Israel</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua_v._Germany" title="Nicaragua v. Germany">Nicaragua v. 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id="Gaza_war9457" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Gaza_war" title="Gaza war">Gaza war</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Gaza_war" title="Timeline of the Gaza war">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Gaza_war" title="Outline of the Gaza war">Outline</a></li></ul> <hr /> <a href="/wiki/October_7_Hamas-led_attack_on_Israel" title="October 7 Hamas-led attack on Israel">October 7 Hamas-led attack on Israel</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_military_engagements_during_the_Gaza_war" title="List of military engagements during the Gaza war">Military engagements</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Re%27im" title="Battle of Re'im">Re'im</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sderot" title="Battle of Sderot">Sderot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sufa" title="Battle of Sufa">Sufa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahal_Oz_attack" title="Nahal Oz attack">Nahal Oz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ofakim" title="Battle of Ofakim">Ofakim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zikim_attack" title="Zikim attack">Zikim</a></li></ul> Civilian attacks <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nova_music_festival_massacre" title="Nova music festival massacre">Nova music festival massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netiv_HaAsara_massacre" title="Netiv HaAsara massacre">Netiv HaAsara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alumim_massacre" title="Alumim massacre">Alumim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Be%27eri_massacre" title="Be'eri massacre">Be'eri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Holit" title="Attack on Holit">Holit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kfar_Aza_massacre" title="Kfar Aza massacre">Kfar Aza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kissufim_massacre" title="Kissufim massacre">Kissufim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nir_Oz_attack" title="Nir Oz attack">Nir Oz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nir_Yitzhak_attack" title="Nir Yitzhak attack">Nir Yitzhak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirim_attack" title="Nirim attack">Nirim</a></li></ul> <hr /> <a href="/wiki/Israeli_invasion_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip">Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_military_engagements_during_the_Gaza_war" title="List of military engagements during the Gaza war">Military engagements</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Beit_Hanoun" title="Battle of Beit Hanoun">Beit Hanoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Gaza_City" title="Siege of Gaza City">Gaza City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jabalia" title="Battle of Jabalia">Jabalia I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Khan_Yunis" title="Siege of Khan Yunis">Khan Yunis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Al-Qarara" title="Siege of Al-Qarara">Al-Qarara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shuja%27iyya_(2023)" title="Battle of Shuja'iyya (2023)">Shuja'iyya I</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shuja%27iyya_ambush" title="Shuja'iyya ambush">Shuja'iyya ambush</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2024_Shuja%27iyaa_incursion" title="June 2024 Shuja'iyaa incursion">Shuja'iyya II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_the_northern_Gaza_Strip" title="Insurgency in the northern Gaza Strip">Insurgency in the northern Gaza Strip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamad_City_incursion" title="Hamad City incursion">Hamad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zana_ambush" title="Zana ambush">Zana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafah_offensive" title="Rafah offensive">Rafah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2024_Khan_Yunis_incursion" title="July 2024 Khan Yunis incursion">Khan Yunis II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2024_Khan_Yunis_incursion" title="August 2024 Khan Yunis incursion">Khan Yunis III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_North_Gaza" title="Siege of North Gaza">North Gaza</a></li> <li>West Bank <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_incursions_in_the_West_Bank_during_the_Gaza_war" title="Israeli incursions in the West Bank during the Gaza war">Israeli incursions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_incursions_in_Tulkarm" title="Israeli incursions in Tulkarm">Tulkarm I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Israeli_military_operation_in_the_West_Bank" title="2024 Israeli military operation in the West Bank">Operation Summer Camps</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/26_July_2024_Tulkarm_confrontations" title="26 July 2024 Tulkarm confrontations">Tulkarm II</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netzarim_Corridor_clashes" title="Netzarim Corridor clashes">Netzarim Corridor clashes</a></li></ul> Civilian attacks <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gaza genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_bombing_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Israeli bombing of the Gaza Strip">Israeli bombing of the Gaza Strip</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_refugee_camps_in_the_Gaza_war" title="Attacks on refugee camps in the Gaza war">Refugee camps</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_Jabalia_refugee_camp_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Attacks on Jabalia refugee camp (2023–present)">Jabalia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/31_October_2023_Jabalia_refugee_camp_airstrike" title="31 October 2023 Jabalia refugee camp airstrike">31 October</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Fakhoora_school_airstrikes" title="Al-Fakhoora school airstrikes">Al-Fakhoora school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shati_refugee_camp_airstrikes" title="Al-Shati refugee camp airstrikes">Al-Shati refugee camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_attacks_on_Al-Maghazi_refugee_camp" title="Israeli attacks on Al-Maghazi refugee camp">Al-Maghazi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_schools_during_the_Israeli_invasion_of_Gaza" title="Attacks on schools during the Israeli invasion of Gaza">Schools</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_Palestinians_evacuating_Gaza_City" title="Attacks on Palestinians evacuating Gaza City">Palestinians evacuating Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_health_facilities_during_the_Gaza_war" title="Attacks on health facilities during the Gaza war">Health facilities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ahli_Arab_Hospital_explosion" title="Al-Ahli Arab Hospital explosion">Al-Ahli Arab Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shifa_Hospital_siege" title="Al-Shifa Hospital siege">Al-Shifa Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shifa_ambulance_airstrike" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Shifa ambulance airstrike">Ambulance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasser_Hospital_siege" title="Nasser Hospital siege">Nasser Hospital</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_religious_sites_during_the_Israeli_invasion_of_Gaza" title="Attacks on religious sites during the Israeli invasion of Gaza">Attacks on religious sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12_February_2024_Rafah_strikes" title="12 February 2024 Rafah strikes">Rafah strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flour_massacre" title="Flour massacre">Flour massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait_Roundabout_mass_killings" title="Kuwait Roundabout mass killings">Kuwait Roundabout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_journalists_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hezbollah_conflict_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Attacks on journalists during the Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–present)">Attack on journalists in Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friendly_fire_during_the_Gaza_war" title="Friendly fire during the Gaza war">Friendly fire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Alon_Shamriz,_Yotam_Haim,_and_Samer_Talalka" title="Killing of Alon Shamriz, Yotam Haim, and Samer Talalka">IDF killing of hostages in Shuja'iyya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_al-Sultan_attack" title="Tel al-Sultan attack">Tel al-Sultan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2024_Al-Mawasi_refugee_camp_attack" title="May 2024 Al-Mawasi refugee camp attack">Al-Mawasi (May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sardi_school_attack" title="Al-Sardi school attack">Al-Sardi school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuseirat_rescue_and_massacre" title="Nuseirat rescue and massacre">Nuseirat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2024_Al-Mawasi_refugee_camp_attack" title="June 2024 Al-Mawasi refugee camp attack">Al-Mawasi (June)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2024_northern_Gaza_City_airstrikes" title="June 2024 northern Gaza City airstrikes">Al-Shati and Tuffah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9_July_2024_Gaza_attacks" title="9 July 2024 Gaza attacks">9 July 2024 attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Awda_school_attack" title="Al-Awda school attack">Al-Awda school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13_July_2024_al-Mawasi_attack" title="13 July 2024 al-Mawasi attack">Al-Mawasi (July)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2024_al-Shati_refugee_camp_attack" title="July 2024 al-Shati refugee camp attack">Al-Shati (July)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/22_July_2024_Khan_Yunis_attack" title="22 July 2024 Khan Yunis attack">Khan Yunis (July)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khadija_School_airstrike" title="Khadija School airstrike">Khadija school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamama_School_bombing" title="Hamama School bombing">Hamama school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Tabaeen_school_attack" title="Al-Tabaeen school attack">Al-Tabaeen school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2024_Deir_al-Balah_attacks" title="August 2024 Deir al-Balah attacks">Deir al-Balah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2024_Al-Mawasi_refugee_camp_attack" title="September 2024 Al-Mawasi refugee camp attack">Al-Mawasi (September)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2024_Al-Jawni_School_attack" title="September 2024 Al-Jawni School attack">Al-Jawni school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Tulkarm_Camp_airstrike" title="2024 Tulkarm Camp airstrike">Tulkarm Camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2024_Deir_al-Balah_mosque_bombing" title="October 2024 Deir al-Balah mosque bombing">Deir al-Balah mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2024_Rufaida_school_attack" title="October 2024 Rufaida school attack">Rufaida school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14_October_2024_Al-Aqsa_Hospital_attack" title="14 October 2024 Al-Aqsa Hospital attack">Al-Aqsa hospital</a> (<a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Shaban_al-Dalou" title="Killing of Shaban al-Dalou">Killing of Shaban al-Dalou</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2024_Abu_Hussein_school_attack" title="October 2024 Abu Hussein school attack">Abu Hussein school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19_October_2024_Beit_Lahia_attacks" title="19 October 2024 Beit Lahia attacks">Beit Lahia (19 October)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/29_October_2024_Beit_Lahia_airstrike" title="29 October 2024 Beit Lahia airstrike">Beit Lahia (29 October)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerem_Shalom_aid_convoy_looting" title="Kerem Shalom aid convoy looting">Kerem Shalom aid convoy looting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4_December_2024_al-Mawasi_attack" title="4 December 2024 al-Mawasi attack">Al-Mawasi (December)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2024_Nuseirat_refugee_camp_attack" title="December 2024 Nuseirat refugee camp attack">Nuseirat (December)</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_the_Gaza_war" title="War crimes in the Gaza war">War crimes and effects</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_impact_of_the_Gaza_war#Independent_International_Commission_of_Inquiry_on_the_Occupied_Palestinian_Territory_report" title="Diplomatic impact of the Gaza war">War crimes and crimes against humanity report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_war_crimes" title="Palestinian war crimes">Palestinian war crimes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_war_hostage_crisis" title="Gaza war hostage crisis">Hostage crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_prisoner_exchange" title="Israeli–Palestinian prisoner exchange">Prisoner exchange</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_war_crimes_in_the_Gaza_war" title="Israeli war crimes in the Gaza war">Israeli war crimes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_blockade_of_the_Gaza_Strip_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Israeli blockade of the Gaza Strip (2023–present)">Israeli blockade of Gaza</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip_famine" title="Gaza Strip famine">Famine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AI-assisted_targeting_in_the_Gaza_Strip" title="AI-assisted targeting in the Gaza Strip">AI-assisted targeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_detentions_in_the_Gaza_war" title="Mass detentions in the Gaza war">Mass detentions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa%27s_genocide_case_against_Israel" title="South Africa's genocide case against Israel">South Africa v. Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_arrest_warrants_for_Israeli_leaders" title="International Criminal Court arrest warrants for Israeli leaders">ICC arrest warrants</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip_mass_graves" title="Gaza Strip mass graves">Gaza Strip mass graves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torture_during_the_Gaza_war" title="Torture during the Gaza war">Torture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executions_and_assassinations_during_the_Gaza_war" title="Executions and assassinations during the Gaza war">Executions and assassinations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_journalists_in_the_Gaza_war" title="Killing of journalists in the Gaza war">Killing of journalists</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_journalists_killed_in_the_Gaza_war" title="List of journalists killed in the Gaza war">List of journalists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_humanitarian_crisis_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Gaza humanitarian crisis (2023–present)">Gaza humanitarian crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Effect_of_the_Gaza_war_on_children_in_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Effect of the Gaza war on children in the Gaza Strip">Children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Gaza_Strip_healthcare_collapse" title="Timeline of the Gaza Strip healthcare collapse">Healthcare collapse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023%E2%80%932024_Gaza_Strip_preterm_births" title="2023–2024 Gaza Strip preterm births">Premature babies</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <a href="/wiki/Impacts_of_the_Gaza_war" title="Impacts of the Gaza war">Impacts and repercussions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_impact_of_the_Gaza_war" title="Diplomatic impact of the Gaza war">Diplomatic impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Gaza_war_ceasefire" title="2023 Gaza war ceasefire">2023 ceasefire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_Gaza_war_ceasefire" title="2025 Gaza war ceasefire">2025 ceasefire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calls_for_a_ceasefire_during_the_Gaza_war" title="Calls for a ceasefire during the Gaza war">Calls for a ceasefire</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_Gaza_war" title="Economic impact of the Gaza war">Economic impact</a></li></ul> <hr /> <a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_crisis_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Middle Eastern crisis (2023–present)">Other theaters</a> <a href="/wiki/Red_Sea_crisis" title="Red Sea crisis">Red Sea crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Prosperity_Guardian" title="Operation Prosperity Guardian">Operation Prosperity Guardian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_the_MV_Maersk_Hangzhou" title="Attacks on the MV Maersk Hangzhou">Attacks on the MV Maersk Hangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_missile_strikes_in_Yemen" title="2024 missile strikes in Yemen">Operation Poseidon Archer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlin_Luanda_missile_strike" title="Marlin Luanda missile strike">Marlin Luanda missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Aspides" title="Operation Aspides">Operation Aspides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_Rubymar" title="MV Rubymar">Sinking of the MV Rubymar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_the_MV_Tutor" title="Attacks on the MV Tutor">Attacks on the MV Tutor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Houthi_drone_attack_on_Israel" title="2024 Houthi drone attack on Israel">2024 Houthi drone attack on Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20_July_2024_Israeli_attack_on_Yemen" title="20 July 2024 Israeli attack on Yemen">20 July 2024 Israeli attack on Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_the_Sounion" title="Attacks on the Sounion">Attacks on the Sounion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/29_September_2024_Israeli_attacks_on_Yemen" title="29 September 2024 Israeli attacks on Yemen">29 September 2024 Israeli attacks on Yemen</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_US_bases_in_Iraq,_Jordan,_and_Syria_during_the_Gaza_war" title="Attacks on US bases in Iraq, Jordan, and Syria during the Gaza war">Attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq, Syria, and Jordan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Iranian_missile_strikes_in_Iraq_and_Syria" title="2024 Iranian missile strikes in Iraq and Syria">Iranian airstrikes in Iraq and Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_22_drone_attack" title="Tower 22 drone attack">Tower 22 drone attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2024_United_States_airstrikes_in_Iraq_and_Syria" title="February 2024 United States airstrikes in Iraq and Syria">February 2024 United States airstrikes in Iraq and Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Homs_airstrikes" title="2024 Homs airstrikes">2024 Homs airstrikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_airstrike_on_the_Iranian_consulate_in_Damascus" title="Israeli airstrike on the Iranian consulate in Damascus">Israeli airstrike on the Iranian consulate in Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Masyaf_raid" title="2024 Masyaf raid">2024 Masyaf raid</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hezbollah_conflict_(2023%E2%80%932024)" title="Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–2024)">Israel–Hezbollah conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_invasion_of_Lebanon_(2024%E2%80%93present)" title="Israeli invasion of Lebanon (2024–present)">Israeli invasion of Lebanon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Odaisseh_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Odaisseh clashes">Odaisseh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Maroun_al-Ras_clashes" title="2024 Maroun al-Ras clashes">Maroun al-Ras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Ayta_al-Shaab_clashes" title="2024 Ayta al-Shaab clashes">Ayta ash-Shab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Kafr_Kila_clashes" title="2024 Kafr Kila clashes">Kafr Kila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Ramyah_clashes" title="2024 Ramyah clashes">Ramyah</a></li></ul></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Israel_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Israel proxy conflict">Iran–Israel proxy conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Iran%E2%80%93Israel_conflict" title="2024 Iran–Israel conflict">2024 Iran–Israel conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_2024_Iranian_strikes_against_Israel" title="April 2024 Iranian strikes against Israel">April 2024 Iranian strikes against Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2024_Israeli_strikes_on_Iran" title="April 2024 Israeli strikes on Iran">April 2024 Israeli strikes on Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2024_Iranian_strikes_against_Israel" title="October 2024 Iranian strikes against Israel">October 2024 Iranian strikes against Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2024_Israeli_strikes_on_Iran" title="October 2024 Israeli strikes on Iran">October 2024 Israeli strikes on Iran</a></li></ul></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Israeli_assassinations" title="List of Israeli assassinations">Assassinations</a> and deaths of prominent individuals <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Saleh_al-Arouri" title="Assassination of Saleh al-Arouri">Saleh al-Arouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Marwan_Issa" title="Assassination of Marwan Issa">Marwan Issa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Fuad_Shukr" title="Killing of Fuad Shukr">Fuad Shukr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Ismail_Haniyeh" title="Assassination of Ismail Haniyeh">Ismail Haniyeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20_September_2024_Beirut_attack" title="20 September 2024 Beirut attack">Ibrahim Aqil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Hezbollah_headquarters_strike" title="2024 Hezbollah headquarters strike">Hassan Nasrallah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Hashem_Safieddine" title="Assassination of Hashem Safieddine">Hashem Safieddine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Yahya_Sinwar" title="Killing of Yahya Sinwar">Yahya Sinwar</a></li></ul> <hr /> See also <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Background_to_the_Gaza_war" title="Background to the Gaza war">Background</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_during_the_Gaza_war" title="Antisemitism during the Gaza war">Antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Palestinianism_during_the_Gaza_war" title="Anti-Palestinianism during the Gaza war">Anti-Palestinianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misinformation_in_the_Gaza_war" title="Misinformation in the Gaza war">Misinformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_war_protests" title="Gaza war protests">Protests</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses" title="2024 pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses">university campuses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ay%C5%9Fenur_Eygi" title="Killing of Ayşenur Eygi">Killing of Ayşenur Eygi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_Eyes_on_Rafah" title="All Eyes on Rafah">All Eyes on Rafah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Israeli_secret_document_leak_scandal" title="2024 Israeli secret document leak scandal">Israeli document leak scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_public_diplomacy_in_the_Gaza_war" title="Israeli public diplomacy in the Gaza war">Israeli public diplomacy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> According to a <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> special committee and a number of experts and rights organisations, including <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> and <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> has committed genocide against the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian people">Palestinian people</a> during its <a href="/wiki/Israeli_invasion_of_the_Gaza_Strip_(2023%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip (2023–present)">ongoing invasion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_the_Gaza_Strip" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombing of the Gaza Strip">bombing</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a> as part of the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_war" title="Gaza war">Gaza war</a>.<a href="#cite_note-37">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-Amnesty_International_Dec_2024-39">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-hrw-report-40">[35]</a> Various observers, including the <a href="/wiki/Special_Committee_to_Investigate_Israeli_Practices_Affecting_the_Human_Rights_of_the_Palestinian_People" title="Special Committee to Investigate Israeli Practices Affecting the Human Rights of the Palestinian People">UN Special Committee to investigate Israeli practices</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Special_Rapporteur_on_the_occupied_Palestinian_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Special Rapporteur on the occupied Palestinian territories">United Nations Special Rapporteur</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlbanese202413–14-41">[36]</a> have cited statements by senior Israeli officials that may indicate an "<a href="/wiki/Genocidal_intent" title="Genocidal intent">intent to destroy</a>" Gaza's population in whole or in part, a necessary condition for the legal threshold of genocide to be met.<a href="#cite_note-ohchr-42">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEInternational_State_Crime_Initiative2023-44">[39]</a> By mid-August 2024, it was confirmed that the Israeli military's actions had caused the deaths of at least 40,000 people in the Gaza Strip—1 out of every 59 people—averaging 148 deaths per day. Most of the victims are civilians,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchwarz2024-45">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETanteshGraham-Harrison2024-46">[41]</a> of whom at least 50% are <a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Gaza_war#Gaza_Strip" title="Women in the Gaza war">women</a> and <a href="/wiki/Effect_of_the_Gaza_war_on_children_in_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Effect of the Gaza war on children in the Gaza Strip">children</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpagat2024a-47">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGraham-Harrison2024a-48">[43]</a> Compared to other recent global conflicts, the numbers of known deaths of journalists, humanitarian and health workers, and children are among the highest.<a href="#cite_note-49">[44]</a> Thousands of more dead bodies are thought to be under the rubble of destroyed buildings.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETanteshGraham-Harrison2024-46">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMassoudFick2023-50">[45]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Lancet" title="The Lancet">The Lancet</a> has estimated more than 70,000 deaths due to traumatic injuries.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJamaluddineAbukmailAlyCampbell2025-11">[10]</a> The number of injured is greater than 100,000;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKhadderHaq2024-20">[16]</a> Gaza has the most child amputees per capita in the world.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUN_News2024-51">[46]</a> As of August 2024, only 17 of Gaza's 36 hospitals were partially functional;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUN_OCHA2024-52">[47]</a> 84% of its health centers have been <a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_health_facilities_during_the_Gaza_war" title="Attacks on health facilities during the Gaza war">destroyed or suffered damage</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeumanBabaWood2024-53">[48]</a> An <a href="/wiki/2023_Israeli_blockade_of_the_Gaza_Strip" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Israeli blockade of the Gaza Strip">enforced Israeli blockade</a> heavily contributed to <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip_famine" title="Gaza Strip famine">starvation</a> and the threat of famine in Gaza, while some Israeli civilians have blocked or attacked aid convoys delivering <a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_aid_during_the_Gaza_war" title="Humanitarian aid during the Gaza war">humanitarian supplies</a> across the border. Early in the conflict, Israel cut off Gaza's water and electricity supply. Israel has also <a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_cultural_heritage_during_the_Israeli_invasion_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Destruction of cultural heritage during the Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip">destroyed numerous culturally significant buildings</a>, such as all of Gaza's 12 universities, 80% of its schools,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOHCHR2024b-54">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStackShbair2024-55">[50]</a> and numerous mosques, churches, museums, and libraries.<a href="#cite_note-56">[51]</a> The government of <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> has instituted proceedings, <a href="/wiki/South_Africa_v._Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="South Africa v. Israel">South Africa v. Israel</a>, against Israel at the <a href="/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice" title="International Court of Justice">International Court of Justice</a> (ICJ), alleging a violation of the <a href="/wiki/Genocide_Convention" title="Genocide Convention">Genocide Convention</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ICJ-2023-12-29-57">[52]</a> In an initial ruling, the ICJ held that South Africa was entitled to bring its case against Israel, while Palestinians were recognised to have a right to protection from genocide.<a href="#cite_note-Donoghue-58">[53]</a> The court ordered Israel to observe its obligations under the Genocide Convention by taking all measures within its power to prevent the commission of acts of genocide, to prevent and punish incitement to genocide, and to allow basic humanitarian services into Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-ICJruling-59">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimonPeralta2024-60">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECasciani2024a-61">[56]</a> The court also later ordered Israel to increase humanitarian aid into Gaza and to prevent genocidal acts during the <a href="/wiki/Rafah_offensive" title="Rafah offensive">Rafah offensive</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECasciani2024b-62">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarsiSiddiquiMotamedi2024-63">[58]</a> The Israeli government rejected South Africa's allegations.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECasciani2024a-61">[56]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Israeli_apartheid" title="Israeli apartheid">Israeli apartheid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Blockade of the Gaza Strip">Blockade of the Gaza Strip</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/1948_Palestine_war" title="1948 Palestine war">1948 Palestine war</a> saw the establishment of <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> in most of what had been <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Mandatory Palestine</a>, with the exception of two separated territories that became known as the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a>, occupied by <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> respectively. Following the 1967 <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a>, Israel occupied the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian territories">Palestinian territories</a> of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEl_Deeb2023-64">[59]</a> The subsequent period witnessed two popular uprisings by <a href="/wiki/Palestinians" title="Palestinians">Palestinians</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Israeli-occupied_territories" title="Israeli-occupied territories">Israeli occupation</a>; the <a href="/wiki/First_Intifada" title="First Intifada">First</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_Intifada" title="Second Intifada">Second Intifadas</a>, in 1987 and 2000.<a href="#cite_note-65">[60]</a> The latter ended with <a href="/wiki/Israeli_disengagement_from_Gaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli disengagement from Gaza">Israel's unilateral withdrawal from Gaza</a> in 2005.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEInternational_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross2023-66">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalam_Y.2023-67">[62]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gaza_Strip_Access_Restrictions.pdf" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Gaza_Strip_Access_Restrictions.pdf/page1-220px-Gaza_Strip_Access_Restrictions.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="315" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Gaza_Strip_Access_Restrictions.pdf/page1-330px-Gaza_Strip_Access_Restrictions.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Gaza_Strip_Access_Restrictions.pdf/page1-440px-Gaza_Strip_Access_Restrictions.pdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4950" data-file-height="7085" /></a><figcaption>A September 2023 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> map of Gaza, showing its <a href="/wiki/Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_barrier" title="Gaza–Israel barrier">border barrier</a> and checkpoints into Israel and Egypt, as well as Israel's <a href="/wiki/Maritime_Exclusion_Zone" title="Maritime Exclusion Zone">Maritime Exclusion Zone</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a></figcaption></figure> Since 2007, the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a> has been governed by <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a>, an Islamist militant group, while the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> remained under the control of the <a href="/wiki/Fatah" title="Fatah">Fatah</a>-led <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Authority" title="Palestinian Authority">Palestinian Authority</a>. After Hamas took over, Israel imposed a <a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Blockade of the Gaza Strip">blockade of the Gaza Strip</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerryMcDowall2023-68">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaneCohenShamirScher2023-69">[64]</a> that significantly damaged <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Economy of the Gaza Strip">its economy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WBEUUN2-70">[65]</a> Israel justified the blockade by citing security concerns,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeakem2023-71">[66]</a> but international rights groups have called the blockade a form of <a href="/wiki/Collective_punishment" title="Collective punishment">collective punishment</a>.<a href="#cite_note-72">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbdulrahim2023-74">[69]</a> <a href="/wiki/UNRWA" title="UNRWA">UNRWA</a> reported that, due to the blockade, 81% of Gazans were living below the poverty level in 2023, with 63% food insecure and dependent on international assistance.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlfonseca2023-75">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[71]</a> Since 2007, Israel and Hamas, along with other Palestinian militant groups based in Gaza, have engaged in conflict,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeakem2023-71">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaneCohenShamirScher2023-69">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeauchamp2023-77">[72]</a> including four wars in <a href="/wiki/Gaza_War_(2008%E2%80%932009)" title="Gaza War (2008–2009)">2008–2009</a>, <a href="/wiki/2012_Gaza_War" title="2012 Gaza War">2012</a>, <a href="/wiki/2014_Gaza_War" title="2014 Gaza War">2014</a>, and <a href="/wiki/2021_Israel%E2%80%93Palestine_crisis" title="2021 Israel–Palestine crisis">2021</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECourty2023-78">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETan2023-79">[74]</a> These conflicts killed approximately <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_casualties_of_war" title="Palestinian casualties of war">6,400 Palestinians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Israeli_casualties_of_war" title="Israeli casualties of war">300 Israelis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-80">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-OCHAoPt-81">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlfonseca2023-75">[70]</a> In 2018–2019, there were large <a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%932019_Gaza_border_protests" title="2018–2019 Gaza border protests">weekly organized protests near the Gaza-Israel border</a>, which were violently suppressed by Israel, whose snipers killed hundreds and injured thousands of Palestinians.<a href="#cite_note-82">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFayyad2019-83">[78]</a> Soon after the <a href="/wiki/2021_Israel%E2%80%93Palestine_crisis" title="2021 Israel–Palestine crisis">2021 Israel–Palestine crisis</a> began, Hamas's military wing, the <a href="/wiki/Al-Qassam_Brigades" title="Al-Qassam Brigades">Al-Qassam Brigades</a>, started planning the 7 October 2023 operation against Israel.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlein2023-84">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbdulKarimAdnan2023-85">[80]</a> According to diplomats, Hamas had repeatedly said in the months preceding October 2023 that it did not want another military escalation in Gaza as it would worsen the humanitarian crisis that occurred after the 2021 conflict.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbdulrahim2023-74">[69]</a> On 7 October 2023, Hamas led an <a href="/wiki/2023_Hamas-led_attack_on_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel">attack into Israel</a> from Gaza,<a href="#cite_note-86">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECBC2023-87">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShaw20241-88">[83]</a> resulting in at least 1,139<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESemerdjian20241-89">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarsiSiddiqui2024b-90">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[f]</a> deaths, most of them <a href="/wiki/Re%27im_music_festival_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Re'im music festival massacre">civilians</a>.<a href="#cite_note-F24231215-96">[90]</a> <a href="/wiki/Israeli_government_response_to_the_2023_Hamas-led_attack_on_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli government response to the 2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel">Israel responded</a> with a highly destructive<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDyer2023-97">[91]</a> <a href="/wiki/Israeli_bombing_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Israeli bombing of the Gaza Strip">bombing campaign</a> followed by an <a href="/wiki/Israeli_invasion_of_the_Gaza_Strip_(2023%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip (2023–present)">invasion of the Gaza Strip</a> on 27 October.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegalDaniele20246-98">[92]</a> Some scholars argued that there was <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_genocide_accusation" title="Palestinian genocide accusation">genocide against Palestinians</a> before the 7 October attacks, but the Israeli military campaign in Gaza has been characterized as genocidal by South Africa and other supporters of the genocide argument.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJamshidi2024a1–4-99">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESemerdjian20243–4-100">[94]</a> Hamas officials said that the attack was a response to the <a href="/wiki/Israeli-occupied_territories" title="Israeli-occupied territories">Israeli occupation of the West Bank</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Blockade of the Gaza Strip">blockade of the Gaza Strip</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israeli_settler_violence" title="Israeli settler violence">Israeli settler violence</a> against Palestinians, <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_freedom_of_movement" title="Palestinian freedom of movement">restrictions on the movement of Palestinians</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_prisoners_in_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian prisoners in Israel">detainment of thousands of Palestinians, many without charges</a>, whom Hamas sought to release by taking Israeli hostages.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl_Jazeera2023a-101">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcKernanMichaelsonGraham-HarrisonKierszenbaum2023-102">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPacchiani2023-103">[97]</a> Numerous commentators have identified the broader context of Israeli occupation as a cause of the war.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatar2023-104">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchenker2023-105">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarghouti2023-106">[100]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a> wrote that Palestinians are "in despair over a never-ending occupation in the West Bank and suffocating blockade of Gaza".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFedermanAdwan2023-107">[101]</a> Several human rights organisations, including <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmnesty_International2022266–267-108">[102]</a> <a href="/wiki/B%27Tselem" title="B'Tselem">B'Tselem</a>,<a href="#cite_note-109">[103]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolmes2021-110">[104]</a> have <a href="/wiki/Israel_and_apartheid" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel and apartheid">likened the Israeli occupation to apartheid</a>; Israel's supporters dispute this characterisation.<a href="#cite_note-111">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHutzlerPeller2023-112">[106]</a> An <a href="/wiki/Advisory_opinion" title="Advisory opinion">advisory opinion</a> by the <a href="/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice" title="International Court of Justice">International Court of Justice</a> published in July 2024 <a href="/wiki/ICJ_case_on_Israel%27s_occupation_of_the_Palestinian_territories" title="ICJ case on Israel's occupation of the Palestinian territories">affirmed the occupation as illegal</a> and said it violated Article 3 of the <a href="/wiki/International_Convention_on_the_Elimination_of_All_Forms_of_Racial_Discrimination" title="International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination">International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination</a>, which prohibits racial segregation and apartheid.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESiddique2024-113">[107]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legal_definition_of_genocide">Legal definition of genocide</h3></div> The 1948 <a href="/wiki/Genocide_Convention" title="Genocide Convention">Genocide Convention</a> defines genocide as any of five "acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnited_Nations2014-114">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-Genocide_Prevention-115">[109]</a> The acts in question include killing members of the group, causing them serious bodily or mental harm, imposing living conditions intended to destroy the group, preventing births, and forcibly transferring children out of the group.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnited_Nations2014-114">[108]</a> Genocide is a crime of special intent (<a href="/wiki/Dolus_specialis" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolus specialis">dolus specialis</a>); it is carried out deliberately, with victims targeted based on real or perceived membership in a protected group.<a href="#cite_note-Genocide_Prevention-115">[109]</a> The genocides recognised under the 1948 legal definition that led to trials in international criminal tribunals are the <a href="/wiki/Cambodian_genocide" title="Cambodian genocide">Cambodian genocide</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Rwandan_genocide" title="Rwandan genocide">Rwandan genocide</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Srebrenica_massacre" title="Srebrenica massacre">Srebrenica massacre</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESamuel2023-116">[110]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_definitions_of_genocide">Other definitions of genocide</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Genocide_definitions" title="Genocide definitions">Genocide definitions</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Raphael_Lemkin" title="Raphael Lemkin">Raphael Lemkin</a>'s original definition of genocide was broader than that later adopted by the United Nations; he focused on genocide as the "destruction of essential foundations of the life of national groups", including actions that led to the "disintegration of the political and social institutions, <a href="/wiki/Cultural_genocide" title="Cultural genocide">of culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Language_death" title="Language death">language</a>, national feelings, religion, and the economic existence of national groups".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESemerdjian202414-117">[111]</a> Scholarly definitions vary, but there are three common themes: "the violence or other action taken should be deliberate, organized, sustained, and large-scale", atrocities are selective for a distinguishable group, and "the perpetrator takes steps to prevent the group from surviving or reproducing in a given territory".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcDoom20243-118">[112]</a> The colloquial understanding of genocide is heavily influenced by <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">the Holocaust</a> as its archetype and is conceived as innocent victims targeted for their ethnic identity rather than for any political reason. Genocide is often considered the apex of criminality, worse than other atrocities that lead to an equal amount of civilian death and destruction.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoses2023a19-119">[113]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Minimum_number_of_victims">Minimum number of victims</h3></div> Applicable law does not require a minimum number of victims.<a href="#cite_note-120">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[115]</a> Neither the <a href="/wiki/Genocide_Convention" title="Genocide Convention">Genocide Convention</a> nor <a href="/wiki/Rome_Statute" title="Rome Statute">ICJ jurisprudence</a> requires a minimum number of victims to establish genocide. Rather, genocide is established when qualified acts are committed against either a "reasonably significant number" or "a significant section of the group, such as its leadership".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUNHR202424–25-122">[116]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Rohingya_genocide" title="Rohingya genocide">Gambia v Myanmar Rohingya genocide case</a>, France and the United Kingdom (among others) affirmed that the "number of victims killed" is not a "focus" of the assessment, given that "circumstances may be such that the perpetrator cannot, or decides not to, avail itself of the fastest or most direct means" of destruction.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUNHR202424–25-122">[116]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alleged_genocidal_acts">Alleged genocidal acts</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_the_Gaza_war#By_Israel" title="War crimes in the Gaza war">War crimes in the Gaza war § By Israel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gaza_humanitarian_crisis_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Gaza humanitarian crisis (2023–present)">Gaza humanitarian crisis (2023–present)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip_famine" title="Gaza Strip famine">Gaza Strip famine</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Direct_killings">Direct killings</h3></div> During the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_bombing_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Israeli bombing of the Gaza Strip">first two months of bombing</a>, Israel dropped 25,000 tonnes of explosives on the Gaza Strip. Many of these were unguided "dumb bombs" dropped in densely populated areas, and obliterated entire neighborhoods.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlbanese20246–7-123">[117]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palestine_ambulance_strike.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Palestine_ambulance_strike.png/220px-Palestine_ambulance_strike.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Palestine_ambulance_strike.png/330px-Palestine_ambulance_strike.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Palestine_ambulance_strike.png/440px-Palestine_ambulance_strike.png 2x" data-file-width="1353" data-file-height="835" /></a><figcaption>Ambulance operated by the <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Red_Crescent_Society" title="Palestine Red Crescent Society">Palestine Red Crescent Society</a> in <a href="/wiki/Khan_Younis" class="mw-redirect" title="Khan Younis">Khan Younis</a>, Gaza Strip, after it was heavily damaged by an Israeli military airstrike</figcaption></figure> Since 7 October 2023, the IDF has been accused of extrajudicial killing of unarmed Palestinian detainees,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDebreShurafa2023-124">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrankel2023-125">[119]</a> doctors,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalmanKhadder2023-126">[120]</a> and healthcare workers. Israeli soldiers have summarily executed Palestinian civilians, often in front of their families.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUNHR202437–38-127">[121]</a> They have killed Palestinians waving white flags.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUNHR202437–38-127">[121]</a> In April 2024, <a href="/wiki/Mass_grave" title="Mass grave">mass graves</a> were found containing corpses with their hands tied.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUNHR202440-128">[122]</a> The corpses included women and the elderly.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUNHR202440-128">[122]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Al-Tabieen_school_massacre_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Al-Tabieen_school_massacre_05.jpg/220px-Al-Tabieen_school_massacre_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="315" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Al-Tabieen_school_massacre_05.jpg/330px-Al-Tabieen_school_massacre_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Al-Tabieen_school_massacre_05.jpg/440px-Al-Tabieen_school_massacre_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1070" data-file-height="1531" /></a><figcaption>Bags of charred, dismembered bodies of victims of the <a href="/wiki/Al-Tabaeen_school_attack" title="Al-Tabaeen school attack">Al-Tabaeen school attack</a></figcaption></figure> The UN and many news outlets have estimated that about 70% of Palestinians killed in Gaza are women and children, with at least 20,000 Palestinians having been killed in Gaza by December 2023.<a href="#cite_note-129">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-131">[g]</a> By 14 January 2024, 100 days after Israel began its assault on Gaza, over 23,900 people had been confirmed killed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENashedCordall2024-132">[125]</a> By 10 May, deaths had topped 35,000, a third of them unidentified bodies, with over 10,000 additional bodies estimated to be buried under the rubble.<a href="#cite_note-KhatibMcKeeYusuf-133">[126]</a> Within the first three weeks, the Israeli assault killed more children in Gaza than were killed worldwide across all conflict zones in any year since 2019.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESave_the_Children2023-134">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQutami2023531-135">[128]</a> Over 52,000 people had been wounded by December 2023,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2023-136">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAP_News2023a-137">[130]</a> and by May 2024 this had risen to over 77,700.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnited_Nations_in_Palestine2024-13">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdlerUras2024-138">[131]</a> Citing multiple Israeli field and intelligence officers from the war in Gaza, <a href="/wiki/%2B972_Magazine" title="+972 Magazine">+972 Magazine</a> and Local Call reported that, according to two sources, the IDF decided in the first weeks of the war to authorize killing up to 15 to 20 civilians per low-ranking militant, while for a senior militant such as a brigade or battalion commander, killing more than 100 civilians was authorized. An intelligence officer also said that Israel was not interested in killing Palestinian operatives when they were engaged in a military activity or in a military building only, but preferred to bomb them in their family homes "without hesitation" as a first option, explaining that "It's much easier to bomb a family's home" where they are easier to locate and target.<a href="#cite_note-139">[132]</a> Another intelligence officer said that in targeting junior militants, Israel used only <a href="/wiki/Dumb_bomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Dumb bomb">dumb bombs</a>, which can destroy entire buildings, in order to not "waste expensive bombs on unimportant people".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbraham2024-140">[133]</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palestinians_during_the_Flour_massacre.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Palestinians_during_the_Flour_massacre.png/220px-Palestinians_during_the_Flour_massacre.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Palestinians_during_the_Flour_massacre.png/330px-Palestinians_during_the_Flour_massacre.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Palestinians_during_the_Flour_massacre.png/440px-Palestinians_during_the_Flour_massacre.png 2x" data-file-width="1120" data-file-height="629" /></a><figcaption>Dead bodies during the <a href="/wiki/Flour_massacre" title="Flour massacre">flour massacre</a> of at least 112 Palestinians by the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">IDF</a>. Israel denied responsibility; the still is from drone footage released by the IDF, who cut out the start of the massacre.<a href="#cite_note-141">[134]</a></figcaption></figure> In March 2024, <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a> reported that some Israeli commanders had set up "kill zones" ("extermination zones" in <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>) in which soldiers were <a href="/wiki/Rules_of_engagement" title="Rules of engagement">commanded to shoot and kill</a> anyone on sight, even if they were unarmed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKubovich2024-142">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESultany2024-143">[136]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] In June 2024, the <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a> found that Israel's campaign in Gaza was killing entire bloodlines of Palestinian families to a "degree never seen before".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEl_Deeb2024-144">[137]</a> According to testimony given to the Israeli <a href="/wiki/Knesset" title="Knesset">Knesset</a>, Israeli soldiers driving <a href="/wiki/IDF_Caterpillar_D9" title="IDF Caterpillar D9">62-ton D9 armoured bulldozers</a> have been ordered to "run over terrorists, dead and alive, in the hundreds".<a href="#cite_note-145">[138]</a> The proportion of women and children among the dead has been disputed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHortonSardarizadehDurbin2024-146">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIoanes2024-147">[140]</a> As of 7 May 2024, total deaths quoted by the UN were 34,735, of which 24,686 were fully identified. Among the fully identified, 52% were women and children, 8% were elderly of all genders, and 40% were men.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHortonSardarizadehDurbin2024-146">[139]</a> In November 2024, the UN published an analysis covering only victims verified by at least three independent sources over six months between November 2023 and April 2024. It found that 70% of the 8,119 verified fatalities were women and children.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESaric2024-148">[141]</a> As of 31 August 2024, per the Gaza Ministry of Health, the number of fatalities had risen to 40,691 and the number of fatalities identified by name to 34,344. Among the fatalities identified by name, 17,652 (51%) were women and children, 2,955 (9%) were elderly of all genders, and 13,737 (40%) were men.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZerrouky2024-149">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGraham-Harrison2024b-150">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-151">[144]</a> In November 2024, the Gaza Health Ministry reported that 1,410 Gazan families had been completely erased from the civil registry as a result of Israeli bombings.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESaab2024-152">[145]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gaza_death_graph.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Gaza_death_graph.png/220px-Gaza_death_graph.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Gaza_death_graph.png/330px-Gaza_death_graph.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Gaza_death_graph.png/440px-Gaza_death_graph.png 2x" data-file-width="1520" data-file-height="1144" /></a><figcaption>A graph of approximate deaths from the Gaza war from 7 October 2023 to 5 November 2024</figcaption></figure> As the conflict has gone on, data collection has become increasingly difficult for the Gaza Ministry of Health (MoH) due to the destruction of infrastructure.<a href="#cite_note-KhatibMcKeeYusuf-133">[126]</a> The ministry has had to supplement its usual reporting based on hospital dead with other sources of information,<a href="#cite_note-KhatibMcKeeYusuf-133">[126]</a> including reports by the media and first responders as well as bereaved families and widows, who must formally register their husbands' deaths to qualify for government assistance.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_der_Merwe2024-153">[146]</a> Professor of economics Mike Spagat analysed the ministry's reports and found an urgent need for a transparent methodology to reconcile its top-line death numbers—34,535 as of 30 April—with its detailed breakdowns summing to 24,653 on the same date.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpagat2024a-47">[42]</a> The ministry's figures for the total number killed have also been contested by Israeli authorities, but have been accepted as accurate by Israeli intelligence services, the UN, and the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">WHO</a>.<a href="#cite_note-KhatibMcKeeYusuf-133">[126]</a> A February 2025 study published in The Lancet estimated that life expectancy in the Gaza Strip between October 2023 and September 2024 decreased by 34.9 years, excluding indirect deaths, such as from malnutrition or disruption to health services. The study also used census and registration data to assess the reliability of the Gaza Health Ministry's death count, and found no substantial errors.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuillotDraidiCetorelliMonteiro_Da_Silva2025478–485-154">[147]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indirect_deaths">Indirect deaths</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fars_Photo_of_Casualties_in_Gaza_Strip_during_2023_War_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Fars_Photo_of_Casualties_in_Gaza_Strip_during_2023_War_03.jpg/220px-Fars_Photo_of_Casualties_in_Gaza_Strip_during_2023_War_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Fars_Photo_of_Casualties_in_Gaza_Strip_during_2023_War_03.jpg/330px-Fars_Photo_of_Casualties_in_Gaza_Strip_during_2023_War_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Fars_Photo_of_Casualties_in_Gaza_Strip_during_2023_War_03.jpg/440px-Fars_Photo_of_Casualties_in_Gaza_Strip_during_2023_War_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="700" /></a><figcaption>Palestinians with bodies in <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_culture#Death" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian culture">traditional</a> funeral <a href="/wiki/Shrouds" class="mw-redirect" title="Shrouds">shrouds</a>, Gaza Strip, October 2023</figcaption></figure> Rasha Khatib, <a href="/wiki/Martin_McKee" title="Martin McKee">Martin McKee</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Salim_Yusuf" title="Salim Yusuf">Salim Yusuf</a> published in the correspondence section of <a href="/wiki/The_Lancet" title="The Lancet">The Lancet</a> an estimate of the number of deaths that the conflict may indirectly cause in the coming months and years. Indirect Palestinian deaths from disease are expected to be much higher due to the intensity of the conflict, destruction of health care infrastructure, lack of food, water, shelter, and safe places for civilians to flee, and reduction in <a href="/wiki/UNRWA" title="UNRWA">UNRWA</a> funding. Using other conflicts as a reference point, they estimated that the total number of conflict-related deaths in Gaza will likely be three to 15 times higher than the reported death toll. By multiplying the reported deaths by five, they argued that according to a conservative estimate "186,000 or even more deaths could be attributable to the current conflict in Gaza".<a href="#cite_note-KhatibMcKeeYusuf-133">[126]</a> Spagat wrote that their estimate "lacks a solid foundation and is implausible".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpagat2024b-155">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBigg2024-156">[149]</a> Even so, Spagat allowed it was "fair to call attention to the fact that not all of the deaths are going to be direct violent ones" and has called the death toll in Gaza "staggeringly high".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHortonSardarizadehDurbin2024-146">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBigg2024-156">[149]</a> Since the beginning of the Gaza war, nearly two million people have been displaced within the Gaza Strip.<a href="#cite_note-HRW-Starvation-22">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGraham-HarrisonBorger2023-157">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEl-Affendi20246-158">[151]</a> South Africa and others have criticized the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip_evacuations" title="Gaza Strip evacuations">Gaza Strip evacuations</a> as a key component of the genocide.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJamshidi2024a14–16-159">[152]</a> According to a 2 October 2024 letter<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaza_Healthcare_Letters2024-160">[153]</a> to president <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a>, vice president <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a>, and others by 99 American healthcare workers who had served in Gaza since 7 October 2023, the most conservative estimate based on the available data was that at least 62,413 people in Gaza had died from starvation (based on starvation standards by the United States-funded <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Food_Security_Phase_Classification" title="Integrated Food Security Phase Classification">Integrated Food Security Phase Classification</a>), most of them young children, and at least 5,000 people had died from lack of access to care for chronic diseases.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHurwitz2024-161">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-WatsonInstituteEstimatedDeaths-162">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-GazaHealthcareLettersEstimatedDeaths-163">[156]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Starvation">Starvation</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip_famine" title="Gaza Strip famine">Gaza Strip famine</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Death_of_Mohammed_Assaf_due_to_starvation_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Death_of_Mohammed_Assaf_due_to_starvation_1.jpg/310px-Death_of_Mohammed_Assaf_due_to_starvation_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Death_of_Mohammed_Assaf_due_to_starvation_1.jpg/465px-Death_of_Mohammed_Assaf_due_to_starvation_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Death_of_Mohammed_Assaf_due_to_starvation_1.jpg/620px-Death_of_Mohammed_Assaf_due_to_starvation_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1290" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption>17-year-old Muhammad Assaf, one of the victims of the famine that ensued following the blockade of Gaza</figcaption></figure> On 26 February 2024, <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> both released statements declaring Israel had failed to comply with the International Court of Justice's 26 January ruling to prevent genocide by blocking aid from entry into Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHuman_Rights_Watch2024b-164">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-Amnesty_International_Blockade-165">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl_Jazeera2024f-166">[159]</a> Both statements reference the <a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Blockade of the Gaza Strip">16-year-long blockade of Gaza</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHuman_Rights_Watch2024b-164">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-Amnesty_International_Blockade-165">[158]</a> which has <a href="/wiki/2023_Israeli_blockade_of_the_Gaza_Strip" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Israeli blockade of the Gaza Strip">intensified since 9 October 2023</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl_Jazeera2023b-167">[160]</a> A Refugees International report found that Israel had "consistently and groundlessly impeded aid operations within Gaza".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohnson2024b-168">[161]</a> Historian Melanie Tanielian argues that starvation, famine, and blockade should be foregrounded as methods of genocide alongside mass bombing. She references <a href="/wiki/A._Dirk_Moses" title="A. Dirk Moses">A. Dirk Moses</a>'s appeal not to ignore less spectacular forms of violence in the destruction of populations,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETanielian20242-169">[162]</a> and highlights multiple other genocides where famine and starvation were used as methods of destruction.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETanielian20243–4-170">[163]</a> In an April report, <a href="/wiki/B%27Tselem" title="B'Tselem">B'Tselem</a> called the unfolding famine "the product of a deliberate and conscious Israeli policy".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESultany20247-171">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-172">[165]</a> In October 2023, the <a href="/wiki/World_Food_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="World Food Program">World Food Program</a> warned of Gaza's dwindling food supply,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETanielian20246–7-173">[166]</a> and in December, alongside the United Nations, reported that more than half of Gaza's population was "starving", more than nine in ten were not eating every day, and 48% were suffering "extreme hunger".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh2023-174">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESiddiquiPietromarchiQuillen2023-175">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEbrahim2023-176">[169]</a> Palestinian Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Riyad_al-Maliki" title="Riyad al-Maliki">Riyad al-Maliki</a>, who is part of the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Authority" title="Palestinian Authority">Palestinian Authority</a>, said Israel was using starvation as a weapon: "they are starving because of Israel's deliberate use of starvation as a weapon of war against the people it occupied". An Israeli official called the charge "blood-libellous" and "delusional".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETétrault-Farber2023-177">[170]</a> In December 2023, Human Rights Watch similarly found that Israel was using starvation as a weapon of war by deliberately denying access to food and water.<a href="#cite_note-178">[171]</a> On 16 January 2024, U.N. experts accused Israel of "destroying Gaza's food system and using food as a weapon against the Palestinian people".<a href="#cite_note-179">[172]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:World_Central_Kitchen_car_after_IDF_strike_-_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/World_Central_Kitchen_car_after_IDF_strike_-_1.jpg/220px-World_Central_Kitchen_car_after_IDF_strike_-_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/World_Central_Kitchen_car_after_IDF_strike_-_1.jpg/330px-World_Central_Kitchen_car_after_IDF_strike_-_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/World_Central_Kitchen_car_after_IDF_strike_-_1.jpg/440px-World_Central_Kitchen_car_after_IDF_strike_-_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="557" /></a><figcaption>A car of the <a href="/wiki/World_Central_Kitchen" title="World Central Kitchen">World Central Kitchen</a> (WCK) aid organisation after an <a href="/wiki/World_Central_Kitchen_aid_convoy_attack" title="World Central Kitchen aid convoy attack">Israeli attack</a> on 1 April 2024, which killed seven of their workers. The WCK resumed its aid in Gaza 27 days later.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERhoden-Paul2024-180">[173]</a></figcaption></figure> The law professor and <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_special_rapporteur" title="United Nations special rapporteur">United Nations special rapporteur</a> on the right to food, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Fakhri" title="Michael Fakhri">Michael Fakhri</a>, said that Israel is "culpable" of genocide because "Israel has announced its intention to destroy the Palestinian people, in whole or in part, simply for being Palestinian" and because Israel was denying food to Palestinians by halting humanitarian aid and "intentionally" destroying "small-scale fishing vessels, greenhouses and orchards in Gaza ... We have never seen a civilian population made to go so hungry so quickly and so completely, that is the consensus among starvation experts. Israel is not just targeting civilians, it is trying to damn the future of the Palestinian people by harming their children."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELakhani2024a-181">[174]</a> Since the ICJ ruling, the number of aid trucks Israel allows into Gaza has dropped by 40%.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarsi2024-182">[175]</a> In the ICJ's March reaffirmation of provisional measures, the court highlighted the "unprecedented levels of food insecurity experienced by Palestinians in the Gaza Strip over recent weeks, as well as the increasing risks of epidemics",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESultany20245-183">[176]</a> acknowledging that since the Court's January order there had been a "lack of Israeli compliance" resulting in "the catastrophic living conditions" deteriorating further.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESultany20246-184">[177]</a> On 11 March 2024, 12 Israeli human rights organisations signed an open letter accusing Israel of failing to abide by the ICJ ruling to prevent genocide by facilitating the delivery of humanitarian aid.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeaumontBurke2024-185">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohnson2024a-186">[179]</a> In April, U.N. special rapporteur on the right to health <a href="/wiki/Tlaleng_Mofokeng" title="Tlaleng Mofokeng">Tlaleng Mofokeng</a> said it was obvious that Israel was "killing and causing irreparable harm against Palestinian civilians with its bombardments", adding, "They are also knowingly and intentionally imposing <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip_famine" title="Gaza Strip famine">famine</a>, prolonged malnutrition and dehydration" and accusing Israel of "genocide".<a href="#cite_note-Al-Monitor-2024-04-22-187">[180]</a> In October 2024, Israel had reportedly adopted a modified version of the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Generals%27_Plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli Generals' Plan">Generals' Plan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrever2024-188">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBowen2024-189">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-191">[h]</a> The proposed plan included orders for all residents of northern Gaza to leave within a week; the implementation of a full siege on water, food, and fuel; and then the arrest or killing of all who remained.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERapoport2024-192">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-193">[185]</a> By mid-October 2024, Israel had ordered the evacuation of northern Gaza and prevented the entry of humanitarian aid for almost two weeks.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERémy2024-194">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKhadderSalmanKourdiLockwood2024-195">[187]</a> According to Stephen Devereux, avoidable deaths due to starvation as a result of Israeli policies "almost certainly constitutes a war crime and a crime against humanity".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDevereux2024-196">[188]</a> On 21 November 2024, the International Criminal Court <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_arrest_warrants_for_Israeli_leaders" title="International Criminal Court arrest warrants for Israeli leaders">issued arrest warrants</a> for Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and former defence minister Yoav Gallant, asserting that the two "bear criminal responsibility for the war crime of starvation as a method of warfare".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBorgerRoth2024-197">[189]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShotterRalph2024-198">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEl_Abdallah2024-199">[191]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deliberate_destruction_of_civilian_infrastructure">Deliberate destruction of civilian infrastructure</h3></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Images_of_war_23-25_from_Gaza,_by_Jaber_Badwen,_IMG_6185.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Images_of_war_23-25_from_Gaza%2C_by_Jaber_Badwen%2C_IMG_6185.jpg/350px-Images_of_war_23-25_from_Gaza%2C_by_Jaber_Badwen%2C_IMG_6185.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Images_of_war_23-25_from_Gaza%2C_by_Jaber_Badwen%2C_IMG_6185.jpg/525px-Images_of_war_23-25_from_Gaza%2C_by_Jaber_Badwen%2C_IMG_6185.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Images_of_war_23-25_from_Gaza%2C_by_Jaber_Badwen%2C_IMG_6185.jpg/700px-Images_of_war_23-25_from_Gaza%2C_by_Jaber_Badwen%2C_IMG_6185.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2268" /></a><figcaption>Tents staked in an area of northern Gaza that was indiscriminately flattened by the Israeli military</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Mark_Levene" title="Mark Levene">Mark Levene</a> and Elyse Semerdjian locate the mass destruction of infrastructure within Israel's <a href="/wiki/Dahiya_doctrine" title="Dahiya doctrine">Dahiya doctrine</a> that has been implemented against Gaza since 2006, with Levene calling it <a href="/wiki/Urbicide" title="Urbicide">urbicide</a> and a tool of genocide.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevene20246–7-200">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESemerdjian20242-201">[193]</a> In October 2024, after monitoring and analyzing Israel's war conduct in Gaza for more than a year, <a href="/wiki/Forensic_Architecture" title="Forensic Architecture">Forensic Architecture</a> published a map detailing Israel's campaign in Gaza titled "A Cartography of Genocide", accompanied by an 827-page text report that concludes that "Israel's military campaign in Gaza is organised, systematic, and intended to destroy conditions of life and life-sustaining infrastructure".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEForensic_Architecture2024-202">[194]</a> In a December 2024 report, Human Rights Watch accused Israel of committing acts of genocide in Gaza by targeting water and sanitation infrastructure and depriving Palestinians of adequate access to water. The report alleges that Israel intentionally damaged and targeted solar panels powering treatment plants, a reservoir, and warehouses, while blocking repair materials and fuel for generators, cutting electricity supplies, and attacking workers.<a href="#cite_note-hrw-report-40">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerg2024-203">[195]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Destruction_of_cultural_and_religious_sites">Destruction of cultural and religious sites</h4></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Images_of_war_23-25_from_Gaza,_by_Jaber_Badwen,_IMG_5445.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Images_of_war_23-25_from_Gaza%2C_by_Jaber_Badwen%2C_IMG_5445.jpg/340px-Images_of_war_23-25_from_Gaza%2C_by_Jaber_Badwen%2C_IMG_5445.jpg" decoding="async" width="340" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Images_of_war_23-25_from_Gaza%2C_by_Jaber_Badwen%2C_IMG_5445.jpg/510px-Images_of_war_23-25_from_Gaza%2C_by_Jaber_Badwen%2C_IMG_5445.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Images_of_war_23-25_from_Gaza%2C_by_Jaber_Badwen%2C_IMG_5445.jpg/680px-Images_of_war_23-25_from_Gaza%2C_by_Jaber_Badwen%2C_IMG_5445.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2268" /></a><figcaption>A mosque in Gaza destroyed in an Israeli airstrike. Israel destroyed 814 mosques over the course of the Gaza war.<a href="#cite_note-204">[196]</a></figcaption></figure> In its investigation, Amnesty International notes that "while the destruction of historical, cultural and religious property or heritage is not considered a prohibited act under the Genocide Convention, the ICJ has established that such destruction can provide evidence of intent to physically destroy the group when carried out deliberately."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmnesty_International_report202432-205">[197]</a> Amnesty identified at least four instances in which there was "no imperative military necessity" for the deliberate destruction of Gazan cultural and religious sites.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmnesty_International_report2024216-206">[198]</a> These were the destruction of the Al-Mughraqa campus of <a href="/wiki/Al-Azhar_University_%E2%80%93_Gaza" title="Al-Azhar University – Gaza">Al-Azhar University</a> in Gaza City, the Al-Zahra campus of <a href="/wiki/Israa_University_(Palestine)" title="Israa University (Palestine)">Israa University</a>, the Al-Dhilal mosque and the adjacent Bani Suheila cemetery in Khan Younis, and the Al-Istiqlal mosque in Khan Younis.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmnesty_International_report2024222–233-207">[199]</a> Amnesty pointed to the attitudes and behavior of Israeli soldiers involved in the demolitions of these sites in videos posted on social media as evidence that these actions demonstrated genocidal intent. Amnesty also noted in its report the overall volume of destruction of Gazan cultural, historical and religious sites, including Gaza's central archives and a number of archaeological sites, museums, and monuments.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmnesty_International_report2024216–219-208">[200]</a> Amnesty was not able to verify the lawfulness of the attacks on these sites at the time of the report.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmnesty_International_report2024217–218-209">[201]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Incommunicado_detention,_torture_and_sexual_violence">Incommunicado detention, torture and sexual violence</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sexual_and_gender-based_violence_against_Palestinians_during_the_Gaza_war" title="Sexual and gender-based violence against Palestinians during the Gaza war">Sexual and gender-based violence against Palestinians during the Gaza war</a></div> Israel has been accused of making indiscriminate <a href="/wiki/Mass_detentions_in_the_Gaza_war" title="Mass detentions in the Gaza war">mass arrests and detainments</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarsiMohamed2024a-210">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-211">[203]</a> and has been documented making threats of mutilation,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBergerHarb2024-212">[204]</a> death, arson, and rape;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShawer2024-213">[205]</a> and torturing Palestinians detained without legal charges.<a href="#cite_note-214">[206]</a> In August 2024, the UN OHCHR reported being in receipt of testimony regarding rape and sexual assault perpetrated on detainees from Palestinians imprisoned at <a href="/wiki/Sde_Teiman_detention_camp" title="Sde Teiman detention camp">Sde Teiman detention camp</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ohchr-2024-08-2">[2]</a> The Lemkin Institute considers this and other, similar reports, to be indicative of "Sexualized Violence During Genocide", or sexual violence being used to destroy a group.<a href="#cite_note-lemkin-3">[3]</a> In their December 2024 report, Amnesty wrote that the pattern of abuses inside Israeli prisons "underscores the systematic dehumanization and mental and physical abuse of Palestinians in Gaza and may also be taken into account with a view to inferring genocidal intent from pattern of conduct."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmnesty_International_report2024296-215">[207]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attacks_on_healthcare">Attacks on healthcare</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cardiff_Solidarity_for_Palestine_protest,_25_November_2023_142309_(redacted).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Cardiff_Solidarity_for_Palestine_protest%2C_25_November_2023_142309_%28redacted%29.jpg/220px-Cardiff_Solidarity_for_Palestine_protest%2C_25_November_2023_142309_%28redacted%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Cardiff_Solidarity_for_Palestine_protest%2C_25_November_2023_142309_%28redacted%29.jpg/330px-Cardiff_Solidarity_for_Palestine_protest%2C_25_November_2023_142309_%28redacted%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Cardiff_Solidarity_for_Palestine_protest%2C_25_November_2023_142309_%28redacted%29.jpg/440px-Cardiff_Solidarity_for_Palestine_protest%2C_25_November_2023_142309_%28redacted%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>Photos of healthcare workers in Gaza killed in Israeli attacks, 25 November 2023</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_health_facilities_during_the_Gaza_war" title="Attacks on health facilities during the Gaza war">Attacks on health facilities during the Gaza war</a></div> In articles published in November 2023 in <a href="/wiki/The_Lancet" title="The Lancet">The Lancet</a> and in February 2024 in the journal <a href="/wiki/BMJ_Global_Health" title="BMJ Global Health">BMJ Global Health</a>, multiple doctors detailed how, in their professional opinions, the targeting of Gazan health infrastructure and medical personnel coupled with various Israeli politicians' openly genocidal rhetoric amounts to genocide.<a href="#cite_note-216">[208]</a> Legal scholars have also supported this assessment.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMahomed202377–79-217">[209]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESultany202411-218">[210]</a> <a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Healthcare in the State of Palestine">Gaza's healthcare system</a> faced several humanitarian crises as a result of Israel's assault: hospitals faced a lack of fuel<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrowne2023-219">[211]</a> and began shutting down by 23 October as they ran out of fuel.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl_Jazeera2023d-220">[212]</a> When hospitals lost power completely, multiple <a href="/wiki/2023_Gaza_Strip_preterm_births" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Gaza Strip preterm births">premature babies</a> in <a href="/wiki/Neonatal_intensive_care_unit" title="Neonatal intensive care unit">NICUs</a> died.<a href="#cite_note-221">[213]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMagdyShurafaKullab2023-222">[214]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESoni202380-223">[215]</a> Israeli airstrikes have killed numerous medical staffers, and ambulances, health institutions, medical headquarters, and hospitals have been destroyed.<a href="#cite_note-Healthcare_destroyed-224">[216]</a> <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9decins_Sans_Fronti%C3%A8res" title="Médecins Sans Frontières">Médecins Sans Frontières</a> reported that scores of ambulances and medical facilities were damaged or destroyed,<a href="#cite_note-225">[217]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERiashMarsi2023-226">[218]</a> including the deaths of Médecins Sans Frontières staff.<a href="#cite_note-227">[219]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKhanTinua2024-228">[220]</a> In late October, the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Health_Ministry" title="Gaza Health Ministry">Gaza Health Ministry</a> said the healthcare system had "totally collapsed".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Peninsula_Qatar2023-229">[221]</a> In April, U.N. special rapporteur on the right to health <a href="/wiki/Tlaleng_Mofokeng" title="Tlaleng Mofokeng">Tlaleng Mofokeng</a> said, "The destruction of healthcare facilities continues to catapult to proportions yet to be fully quantified."<a href="#cite_note-Al-Monitor-2024-04-22-187">[180]</a> As of 25 August 2024, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> estimated that most of Gaza's 2.2 million people were confined to a humanitarian area of roughly 15 square miles (39 km2), which causes crowded conditions and a critical lack of basic services, like clean water, and diseases spreading widely across the population, such as <a href="/wiki/Hepatitis_C" title="Hepatitis C">Hepatitis C</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayton2024b-230">[222]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">Al Jazeera video of the 9 July 2024 <a href="/wiki/Al-Awda_School_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Awda School massacre">Al-Awda School massacre</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-style: italic">External video</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/AJArabic/status/1810756046446547245">Video of the air strike and its aftermath taken by a spectator filming a schoolyard football game. Contains graphic images of severe injury.</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETondo2024-231">[223]</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uakDDnaO1dQ">NBC News video on YouTube incorporating parts of the Al Jazeera footage and featuring comments from survivors</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Since 7 October 2023, the IDF has been accused of using excessive force against dozens of schools<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl_Jazeera2024a-232">[224]</a> and hospitals;<a href="#cite_note-233">[225]</a> theft;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKottasováSalmanAlkhaldiBashir2023-234">[226]</a> cruel and unnecessary desecration and mutilation of deceased Palestinians;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalmanKhadder2023-126">[120]</a> and making no, or an inadequate, distinction between Hamas forces and civilians.<a href="#cite_note-235">[227]</a> The targeting and destruction of a variety of cultural and educational sites have also been cited as genocidal acts, as has the use of unconventional weapons such as <a href="/wiki/White_phosphorus" title="White phosphorus">white phosphorus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-237">[i]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEÜngör20248-238">[229]</a> On 6 October 2024, Israel designated all of northern Gaza as a combat zone and ordered the entire civilian population to evacuate.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERasgon2024-239">[230]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeller-Lynn2024-240">[231]</a> Both Israeli military analysts and the <a href="/wiki/Al-Mezan_Center_for_Human_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Mezan Center for Human Rights">Al-Mezan Center for Human Rights</a> alleged that this was the first stage of the "<a href="/wiki/Israeli_generals%27_plan" title="Israeli generals' plan">Generals' Plan</a>", a policy proposed by former Israeli general <a href="/wiki/Giora_Eiland" title="Giora Eiland">Giora Eiland</a> to force Palestinians out of Gaza on pain of death.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMonks2024-241">[232]</a> The <a href="/wiki/UN_Human_Rights_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Human Rights Office">UN Human Rights Office</a> said that Israel may be causing the "destruction of the Palestinian population in Gaza's northernmost governate through death and displacement."<a href="#cite_note-242">[233]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genocidal_intent">Genocidal intent</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Genocidal_intent" title="Genocidal intent">Genocidal intent</a> and <a href="/wiki/Incitement_to_genocide" title="Incitement to genocide">Incitement to genocide</a></div> As part of the case <a href="/wiki/Defense_for_Children_International-Palestine_et_al_v._Biden_et_al" class="mw-redirect" title="Defense for Children International-Palestine et al v. Biden et al">Defense for Children International-Palestine et al v. Biden et al</a>, Holocaust historian <a href="/wiki/Barry_Trachtenberg" title="Barry Trachtenberg">Barry Trachtenberg</a> testified that there is a consensus among genocide historians that the situation in Gaza is a genocide, mainly because Israeli officials' statements make this clear. He said: "We are watching the genocide unfold as we speak. We are in this incredibly unique position where we can intervene to stop it, using the mechanisms of international law that are available to us."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGessen2024-243">[234]</a> In an open letter published on 15 October on <a href="/wiki/Opinio_Juris_(blog)" title="Opinio Juris (blog)">Opinio Juris</a> and the website of the Third World Approaches to International Law Review, scholars wrote that Israeli officials' statements since 7 October indicate intent to commit genocide.<a href="#cite_note-twailr-244">[235]</a> On 11 June 2024, the official Israeli <a href="/wiki/X_(social_network)" class="mw-redirect" title="X (social network)">X</a> (formerly <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>) account tweeted that "Gazan civilians participated in the horrific events of October 7", later citing a statement in a clip that "there are no innocent civilians there".<a href="#cite_note-245">[236]</a> On 7 October, Netanyahu said that Israel would "exact a huge price from the enemy" and turn Hamas hideouts "into rubble".<a href="#cite_note-246">[237]</a><a href="#cite_note-247">[238]</a> <a href="/wiki/Omer_Bartov" title="Omer Bartov">Omer Bartov</a>, a Holocaust and genocide professor, interprets these statements as <a href="/wiki/Genocidal_intent" title="Genocidal intent">genocidal intent</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBartov2023-248">[239]</a> In discussing genocidal actions and intent since 7 October, genocide scholar Mark Levene noted the increasing rhetoric of genocide and ethnic cleansing under the preceding Netanyahu governments.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevene20245-249">[240]</a> This was supported by Tia Goldenberg in <a href="/wiki/AP_News" class="mw-redirect" title="AP News">AP News</a>, who highlighted statements by Finance Minister <a href="/wiki/Bezalel_Smotrich" title="Bezalel Smotrich">Bezalel Smotrich</a> as increasingly genocidal rhetoric under Netanyahu's government.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldenberg2024a-250">[241]</a> Israeli historian <a href="/wiki/Raz_Segal" title="Raz Segal">Raz Segal</a> and legal scholar Luigi Daniele also pointed to increasing genocidal rhetoric before October 2023,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegalDaniele20242-251">[242]</a> highlighting a May 2023 <a href="/wiki/Times_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Times of Israel">Times of Israel</a> article that said that the only way to achieve peace is to "obliterate" Palestine and that Palestine's existence is "an affront to society, morality, humanity".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegalDaniele20241-252">[243]</a> The article further calls for re-education of Palestinians and declares that they can enjoy rights only if they no longer exist as a nation. Segal and Daniele draw parallels between that article's rhetoric and scholarship that points to Russian media outlets' equivalent rhetoric in the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> as <a href="/wiki/Allegations_of_genocide_of_Ukrainians_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Allegations of genocide of Ukrainians in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">genocidal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegalDaniele20241-252">[243]</a> Segal and Daniele also point to previous comments by National Security Minister <a href="/wiki/Itamar_Ben-Gvir" title="Itamar Ben-Gvir">Itamar Ben-Gvir</a>, former Knesset member <a href="/wiki/Ayelet_Shaked" title="Ayelet Shaked">Ayelet Shaked</a>, and Smotrich, who in February 2023 called for the destruction of Palestinian villages in the West Bank.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegalDaniele20241–2-253">[244]</a> Genocide scholar Shmuel Lederman detailed how these comments by Smotrich, alongside others denying Palestinian nationhood and calling for their destruction or removal from territory claimed by Israel, was in the forefront of political discussions by Hamas leadership in Gaza before the events of October 2023.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELederman20241–2-254">[245]</a> News outlets at the time of Smotrich's comments also highlighted their genocidal nature.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMack2023-255">[246]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarnett2023-256">[247]</a> Anatomy of a Genocide, a report<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlbanese20242-257">[248]</a> presented to the UNHRC on 26 March 2024 by <a href="/wiki/Francesca_Albanese" title="Francesca Albanese">Francesca Albanese</a>, Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Palestinian territories occupied since 1967, concluded that Israel was committing acts of genocide. Israel rejected the report.<a href="#cite_note-258">[249]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFoulkes2024-259">[250]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl_Jazeera2024g-260">[251]</a> In a second report, Genocide as colonial erasure, released on 28 October for the UNGA, the rapporteur accused Israel of "carrying out a systematic campaign of forced displacement, destruction, and genocidal acts against Palestinians in Gaza and the West Bank".<a href="#cite_note-261">[252]</a><a href="#cite_note-262">[253]</a> In the ICJ's <a href="/wiki/Rohingya_genocide_case" title="Rohingya genocide case">Rohingya genocide case</a>, several states (including the UK and Germany) supported a looser standard of evidence for supporting genocidal intent than the ICJ has used in the past—which is often the most difficult part of proving genocide in a court of law. The states contended that the ICJ should "adopt a balanced approach that recognizes the special gravity of the crime of genocide, without rendering the threshold for inferring genocidal intent so difficult to meet so as to make findings of genocide near-impossible".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJamshidi2024a13-263">[254]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Israeli_cabinet_ministers">Israeli cabinet ministers</h3></div> According to scholars Mark Levene and Abdelwahab El-Affendi, since 7 October 2023, a variety of official and semi-official sources and outlets have engaged in rhetoric suggestive of genocidal intent.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEl-Affendi20246-158">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevene20245–6-264">[255]</a> Israeli human rights lawyer Michael Sfard told <a href="/wiki/The_New_Arab" title="The New Arab">The New Arab</a> that the <a href="/wiki/7_October_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="7 October attacks">7 October attacks</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_war_hostage_crisis" title="Gaza war hostage crisis">Gaza war hostage crisis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_the_Gaza_war#By_Hamas_and_allied_militant_groups" title="War crimes in the Gaza war">Hamas's war crimes</a> "generated rage that transformed what has been the rhetoric of marginalised groups into a flood of statements now made by politicians, journalists and celebrities, ... provid[ing] a tailwind" for others to find such speech acceptable. He added, "We have become accustomed to genocidal rhetoric that comes from Hamas. The <a href="/wiki/1988_Hamas_charter" title="1988 Hamas charter">Hamas covenant</a> has obvious severe antisemitic articles, and also some that could be interpreted as expressing desire to eliminate the Jews in Israel. ... In the past, it was seen inside Israel as something that was beyond the borders of legitimacy to talk that way about Palestinians. ... But October 7th broke that red line."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuxbaum2023-265">[256]</a> On 9 October 2023, Israeli Minister of Defense Yoav Gallant said,<blockquote>I have ordered a complete siege on the Gaza Strip. There will be no electricity, no food, no fuel, everything is closed. We are fighting human animals and we are acting accordingly.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFabian2023-266">[257]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl_Jazeera2023c-267">[258]</a></blockquote> The statement was characterized as an example of <a href="/wiki/Dehumanisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Dehumanisation">dehumanisation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBartov2023-248">[239]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKhanTinua2024-228">[220]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Roth" title="Kenneth Roth">Kenneth Roth</a>, while some excuse this remark as referring only to Hamas, the context makes clear that "human animals" refers to everyone in Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchifrinSagalynKopelevWarsi2024-268">[259]</a> The remarks have also been connected to the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_famine" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaza famine">Gaza famine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMitrovica2024-269">[260]</a> On 10 October, Gallant said: "Gaza won't return to what it was before. There will be no Hamas. We will eliminate everything."<a href="#cite_note-270">[261]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times2024-271">[262]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosenberg2024-272">[263]</a> Israeli Minister of Agriculture <a href="/wiki/Avi_Dichter" title="Avi Dichter">Avi Dichter</a> called for the war to be "Gaza's <a href="/wiki/Nakba" title="Nakba">Nakba</a>" on <a href="/wiki/Channel_12_(Israel)" title="Channel 12 (Israel)">Channel 12</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDa_Silva2023-273">[264]</a> Minister of Heritage <a href="/wiki/Amihai_Eliyahu" title="Amihai Eliyahu">Amihai Eliyahu</a> called for dropping an atomic bomb on Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDa_Silva2023-273">[264]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESemerdjian20245-274">[265]</a> Minister of Communications <a href="/wiki/Shlomo_Karhi" title="Shlomo Karhi">Shlomo Karhi</a> advocated for the forced removal of civilians from Gaza and for Israel to settle the region, a position which was endorsed by other ministers such as Ben-Gvir and <a href="/wiki/Bezalel_Smotrich" title="Bezalel Smotrich">Bezalel Smotrich</a>.<a href="#cite_note-275">[266]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dov_Waxman" title="Dov Waxman">Dov Waxman</a>, director of <a href="/wiki/UCLA" class="mw-redirect" title="UCLA">UCLA</a>'s Y&S Nazarian Center for Israel Studies, said that some of the rhetoric right-wing ministers used can be perceived as "potentially genocidal" in its dehumanisation of Palestinian civilians. He added that these statements can only have limited impact on Israeli policy as they were made by ministers "not in the war cabinet", but the suggestions were nevertheless concerning.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDa_Silva2023-273">[264]</a> Israeli energy minister <a href="/wiki/Israel_Katz" title="Israel Katz">Israel Katz</a> said: "All the civilian population in Gaza is ordered to leave immediately. We will win. They will not receive a drop of water or a single battery until they leave the world."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris2024-276">[267]</a><a href="#cite_note-g366-277">[268]</a> On 29 April 2024, Finance Minister <a href="/wiki/Bezalel_Smotrich" title="Bezalel Smotrich">Bezalel Smotrich</a> said, "There are no half measures ... <a href="/wiki/Rafah" title="Rafah">Rafah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deir_al-Balah" title="Deir al-Balah">Deir al-Balah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nuseirat" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuseirat">Nuseirat</a> – total annihiliation. 'Thou shalt blot out the remembrance of <a href="/wiki/Amalek" title="Amalek">Amalek</a> from under heaven.' There is no place for them under heaven."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShpigel2024-278">[269]</a> The Israeli newspaper <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a> described his comments as a call to genocide.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaaretz2024b-279">[270]</a> In August, Smotrich said that "it might be justified and moral" to "starve 2 million people", lamenting that the world would not allow it.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Guardian_Staff2024-280">[271]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosensaft2024-281">[272]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Israeli_president_and_members_of_Israeli_parliament">Israeli president and members of Israeli parliament</h3></div> <a href="/wiki/President_of_Israel" title="President of Israel">President of Israel</a> <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Herzog" title="Isaac Herzog">Isaac Herzog</a> blamed the "entire nation" of Palestine for the 7 October attack.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurga2023-282">[273]</a> He added: "It is not true, this rhetoric about civilians being not aware, not involved. It is absolutely not true."<a href="#cite_note-twailr-244">[235]</a> Herzog later claimed that his remarks had been taken out of context, stating that he was attempting to highlight "the involvement of many residents of Gaza in the slaughter, in the looting, and in the riots of October 7" and that he accepted there were innocent Palestinians in Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-283">[274]</a> Deputy Speaker of the Knesset <a href="/wiki/Nissim_Vaturi" title="Nissim Vaturi">Nissim Vaturi</a> wrote on social media that the government was allowing too much aid to enter Gaza and that the IDF should "burn Gaza now".<a href="#cite_note-284">[275]</a> In a separate post he remarked that Israel's goal was "erasing the Gaza Strip from the face of the Earth."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMerzouguiRashed2024-285">[276]</a> When asked to clarify his statements by <a href="/wiki/Kol_BaRama" title="Kol BaRama">Kol BaRama</a>, Vaturi reiterated that Gaza and its inhabitants must be destroyed, saying: "I don't think there are any innocent people there now... If there is an innocent person there, we will know about them. Whoever stays there should be eliminated, period."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Jerusalem_Post2024a-286">[277]</a> In 2025, Vaturi called Palestinians "scoundrels" and "subhumans" and called for the adult men in Gaza to be separated from women and children and killed.<a href="#cite_note-287">[278]</a><a href="#cite_note-288">[279]</a> <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Kroizer" title="Yitzhak Kroizer">Yitzhak Kroizer</a>, who represents the extreme-right <a href="/wiki/Otzma_Yehudit" title="Otzma Yehudit">Otzma Yehudit</a> party in the Knesset, said in a radio interview that the "Gaza Strip should be flattened, and for all of them there is but one sentence, and that is death."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGraham-HarrisonKierszenbaum2024-289">[280]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tally_Gotliv" title="Tally Gotliv">Tally Gotliv</a> of the Likud party called for the use of nuclear weapons against Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGraham-HarrisonKierszenbaum2024-289">[280]</a> <a href="/wiki/Moshe_Saada" title="Moshe Saada">Moshe Saada</a>, also of the Likud party, approvingly quoted an acquaintance who told him that everyone in Gaza should be killed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaaretz2024a-290">[281]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ariel_Kallner" title="Ariel Kallner">Ariel Kallner</a>, MK for the Likud party, wrote on social media that there is "one goal: Nakba! A Nakba that will overshadow the Nakba of [1948]. Nakba in Gaza and Nakba to anyone who dares to join".<a href="#cite_note-291">[282]</a> In January 2025, eight members of the Knesset's <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs_and_Defense_Committee" title="Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee">Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee</a> signed a letter to Defense Minister <a href="/wiki/Israel_Katz" title="Israel Katz">Israel Katz</a> proposing that Katz order the destruction of all of Gaza's food and power supplies and "kill anyone without a white flag".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShpigel2025-292">[283]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGjevori2025-293">[284]</a> Palestinian official <a href="/wiki/Rawhi_Fattouh" title="Rawhi Fattouh">Rawhi Fattouh</a> said of the letter, "The Knesset has become a den for bloodthirsty extremists...now they are astonished that Palestinians in Gaza are still alive".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYeni_Şafak_English2025-294">[285]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Invocations_of_Amalek">Invocations of Amalek</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Davidster_Dick_Stins_The_Hague.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Davidster_Dick_Stins_The_Hague.jpg/220px-Davidster_Dick_Stins_The_Hague.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Davidster_Dick_Stins_The_Hague.jpg/330px-Davidster_Dick_Stins_The_Hague.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Davidster_Dick_Stins_The_Hague.jpg/440px-Davidster_Dick_Stins_The_Hague.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1445" data-file-height="1717" /></a><figcaption>"Davidster" (<a href="/wiki/Star_of_David" title="Star of David">Star of David</a>) by Dick Stins, a.k.a. "the Amalek monument", is a <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">Holocaust memorial</a> in <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a>. The text at the side (in Dutch and Hebrew) is from <a href="/wiki/Deuteronomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Deuteronomy">Deuteronomy</a> 25:17, 19 – "Remember what Amalek has done to you ... do not forget."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosenberg2024-272">[263]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunkelgrün2018-295">[286]</a></figcaption></figure> Israeli Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a>'s repeated invocation of <a href="/wiki/Amalek" title="Amalek">Amalek</a> during the war has been considered evidence of genocidal intent by many critics,<a href="#cite_note-296">[287]</a> including South Africa.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECoghill2024-297">[288]</a> In a speech on 28 October 2023, Netanyahu said (in Hebrew) "You must remember what Amalek has done to you, says our Holy Bible", quoting from <a href="/wiki/Deuteronomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Deuteronomy">Deuteronomy</a> 25:17 in the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENetanyahu2023a-298">[289]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEl-Affendi20242-299">[290]</a><a href="#cite_note-300">[j]</a> The phrase "Remember what Amalek did to you"<a href="#cite_note-301">[k]</a> is used in Holocaust memorials, including <a href="/wiki/Yad_Vashem" title="Yad Vashem">Yad Vashem</a> and the Hague Jewish Monument.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosenberg2024-272">[263]</a> Netanyahu used this phrase again in a 3 November 2023 letter to soldiers.<a href="#cite_note-302">[291]</a> Critics have connected Netanyahu's allusion to Amalek with <a href="/wiki/1_Samuel" class="mw-redirect" title="1 Samuel">1 Samuel</a> 15:3: "Now go and smite Amalek, and utterly destroy all that they have, and spare them not; but slay both man and woman, infant and suckling, ox and sheep, camel and ass."<a href="#cite_note-303">[l]</a> Noah Lanard of <a href="/wiki/Mother_Jones_(magazine)" title="Mother Jones (magazine)">Mother Jones</a> called verses discussing Amalek among the Bible's most violent and wrote that they have a long history of being used by Jews on the far-right, such as <a href="/wiki/Baruch_Goldstein" title="Baruch Goldstein">Baruch Goldstein</a>, to justify killing Palestinians.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELanard2023-304">[292]</a> Amalek was "the foe that God ordered the ancient Israelites to genocide",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENareaSamuel2023-305">[293]</a> and scholars have called the verse an instance of 'divinely mandated genocide'.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcGreal2023-306">[294]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECoghill2024-297">[288]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBartov2023-248">[239]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_Israeli_officials">Other Israeli officials</h3></div> Major General <a href="/wiki/Ghassan_Alian" title="Ghassan Alian">Ghassan Alian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coordinator_of_Government_Activities_in_the_Territories" title="Coordinator of Government Activities in the Territories">Coordinator of Government Activities in the Territories</a>, said: "There will be no electricity and no water [in Gaza], there will only be destruction. You wanted hell, you will get hell."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuxbaum2023-265">[256]</a> Former IDF <a href="/wiki/Major_general" title="Major general">Major General</a> <a href="/wiki/Giora_Eiland" title="Giora Eiland">Giora Eiland</a> wrote, "Gaza will become a place where no human being can exist" and "Creating a severe humanitarian crisis in Gaza is a necessary means to achieving the goal."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBartov2023-248">[239]</a> Israeli historian and Holocaust scholar <a href="/wiki/Omer_Bartov" title="Omer Bartov">Omer Bartov</a> noted that no Israeli politician nor anyone in the IDF denounced this statement.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBartov2023-248">[239]</a> Of Israel's bombing of Gaza, Israeli army spokesperson <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Hagari" title="Daniel Hagari">Daniel Hagari</a> said, "while balancing accuracy with the scope of damage, right now we're focused on what causes maximum damage".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcKernanKierszenbaum2023-307">[295]</a> Legal scholars interpreted this as intention to destroy Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-twailr-244">[235]</a> Far-right politician and former Knesset member <a href="/wiki/Moshe_Feiglin" title="Moshe Feiglin">Moshe Feiglin</a> said: "There is one and only solution, which is to completely destroy Gaza before invading it. I mean destruction like what happened in Dresden and Hiroshima, without nuclear weapons."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlam2023-308">[296]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAssi2024-309">[297]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Economy_(Israel)" title="Ministry of Economy (Israel)">Minister of Economy</a> <a href="/wiki/Nir_Barkat" title="Nir Barkat">Nir Barkat</a> later said, "I don't remember Britain or the United States, at the tail end of the Second World War bombing Dresden, thinking about the residents."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAssi2024-309">[297]</a> Academics, non-Israeli politicians, and news organisations have also invoked the <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Dresden" title="Bombing of Dresden">bombing of Dresden</a> in justifying Israel's bombing of Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-310">[298]</a><a href="#cite_note-311">[299]</a> Israel's UK ambassador <a href="/wiki/Tzipi_Hotovely" title="Tzipi Hotovely">Tzipi Hotovely</a>, a close ally of Netanyahu, was accused of inciting genocide for comments she made during a radio interview with <a href="/wiki/Iain_Dale" title="Iain Dale">Iain Dale</a>. Hotovely said the IDF was targeting "every school, every mosque, every second house" to destroy the Hamas tunnel network in Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrawn2024a-312">[300]</a> Dale objected that this was an argument for destroying all of Gaza. Hotovely replied, "Do you have another solution?"<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConley2024b-313">[301]</a> Legal scholar <a href="/wiki/Nimer_Sultany" title="Nimer Sultany">Nimer Sultany</a> highlights statements by various Israeli army commanders leading ground operations in northern Gaza that call for depopulation and a "scorched earth" approach.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESultany20241–2-314">[302]</a> Soldiers have echoed such sentiments on social media.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESultany20241–2-314">[302]</a> Historian Yoav Di-Capua also points to the increasing number of officers and soldiers who are part of <a href="/wiki/Hardal" title="Hardal">Hardal</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDi-Capua202413–14-315">[303]</a> which Di-Capua identifies as following a genocidal ideology.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDi-Capua20243–4-316">[304]</a> Former Israeli defense minister <a href="/wiki/Moshe_Ya%27alon" title="Moshe Ya'alon">Moshe Ya'alon</a> said, "The path we are currently being led down involves conquering, annexing, and ethnic cleansing."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Jerusalem_Post2024c-317">[305]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_evidence_of_genocidal_intent">Other evidence of genocidal intent</h3></div> <a href="/wiki/Maryam_Jamshidi" title="Maryam Jamshidi">Maryam Jamshidi</a>, a professor at <a href="/wiki/University_of_Colorado_Law_School" title="University of Colorado Law School">University of Colorado Law School</a>, cites Israel's stated goal to "destroy Hamas including both the extermination of its political and administrative leadership and the annihilation of its civilian police force and military wing", and its actual targeting of the "intellectual, cultural, and religious leadership of Gaza". Citing previous arguments made relating to the <a href="/wiki/Bosnian_genocide" title="Bosnian genocide">Bosnian genocide</a>, she writes that genocidal intent can be proven "through evidence that the protected group's civilian leadership, as well as its military and law enforcement, have been targeted for elimination" when this renders the rest of the group more vulnerable to various illegal abuses such as forced migration. Targeting civilian organisations controlled by Hamas is illegal under international law.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJamshidi2024b-318">[306]</a> Elsewhere, Jamshidi argues that "the long-standing pattern of Israeli conduct towards Palestinians generally and in Gaza"—such as the <a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Blockade of the Gaza Strip">blockade of Gaza</a>, and destruction of civilian infrastructure during previous wars—<a href="/wiki/Casualties_of_the_Gaza_war" title="Casualties of the Gaza war">high number of civilian deaths during the war</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip_evacuations" title="Gaza Strip evacuations">"mass forced displacement and ethnic cleansing" under the guise of humanitarian safe zones</a>, "IDF practices that undercut Israel's claim that its 'war' is only against Hamas and other Palestinian armed groups rather than against Palestinian civilians", the abundance of atrocities recorded by <a href="/wiki/Smartphones" class="mw-redirect" title="Smartphones">smartphones</a> and published by media, and UN expert reports supporting a finding of genocide increase the likelihood that the ICJ will rule in South Africa's favor.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJamshidi2024a10-319">[307]</a> In an article for the blog of the <a href="/wiki/European_Journal_of_International_Law" title="European Journal of International Law">European Journal of International Law</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_B._Quigley" title="John B. Quigley">John B. Quigley</a>, a professor of law, argued that the conditions of life the war has inflicted on Gaza could be used as proof of genocidal intent in the absence of direct evidence, as they are so destructive that Israel should have known they would result in the extermination of Palestinians in Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuigley2024a-320">[308]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Academic_and_legal_discourse">Academic and legal discourse </h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_genocide_accusation#Academic_discourse" title="Palestinian genocide accusation">Palestinian genocide accusation § Academic discourse</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_genocide_accusation#Legal_discourse" title="Palestinian genocide accusation">§ Legal discourse</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Template:Expert_opinions_in_the_Gaza_genocide_debate" title="Template:Expert opinions in the Gaza genocide debate">Template:Expert opinions in the Gaza genocide debate</a></div> In late 2023, the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation">Canadian Broadcasting Corporation</a> reported that "A growing number of academics, legal scholars and governments are accusing the Israeli government of carrying out a genocide against Palestinians in Gaza."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKomnenic2023-321">[309]</a> Human rights lawyer Susan Akram, commenting on a May 2024 report by the University Network for Human Rights and on the resistance to labelling Israel's actions as genocide, said, "The opposition is political, as there is consensus amongst the international human rights legal community, many other legal and political experts, including many Holocaust scholars, that Israel is committing genocide in Gaza".<a href="#cite_note-Bouranova-322">[310]</a> While Israel and its supporters, including the U.S., deny the accusation, "a growing list of genocide scholars and international law experts" use the word genocide to describe Israeli actions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMohyeldin2024-323">[311]</a> A December 2024 Amnesty International report "adds an influential voice to a growing list of players that have accused Israel of committing genocide",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMagdy2024-324">[312]</a> reflecting how "human rights groups and international lawyers increasingly believe its actions in Gaza constitute genocide under the narrowed definition adopted in 1948"<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELanard2024-325">[313]</a> Law professor <a href="/wiki/Adil_Ahmad_Haque" title="Adil Ahmad Haque">Adil Ahmad Haque</a> has said that the report describes serious violations of international humanitarian law, that Amnesty "correctly applies existing law", and that "Amnesty's legal conclusions can only be fully assessed in light of its extensive factual findings, which readers should carefully examine for themselves".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaque2024b-326">[314]</a> Following the Amnesty report, <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> became "the latest among a growing number of critics to accuse Israel of genocidal acts" in Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeller2024-327">[315]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Holocaust_and_genocide_studies">Holocaust and genocide studies</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TAG_1-_Internationale_Konferenz_BEYOND_1.36.58.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/TAG_1-_Internationale_Konferenz_BEYOND_1.36.58.jpg/220px-TAG_1-_Internationale_Konferenz_BEYOND_1.36.58.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/TAG_1-_Internationale_Konferenz_BEYOND_1.36.58.jpg/330px-TAG_1-_Internationale_Konferenz_BEYOND_1.36.58.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/TAG_1-_Internationale_Konferenz_BEYOND_1.36.58.jpg/440px-TAG_1-_Internationale_Konferenz_BEYOND_1.36.58.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="1688" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Omer_Bartov" title="Omer Bartov">Omer Bartov</a>, a leading Israeli Holocaust and genocide scholar who has written extensively about Israel's actions in Gaza</figcaption></figure> The opinions of many scholars of Holocaust and genocide studies (HGS) who specialised in the Holocaust expressed in late 2023 were different with others in the field as well as those in other academic fields.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcDoom20242–3-328">[316]</a> In late 2024, <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> reported a continuing split in the field with "with many keeping to the sidelines·"<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESperi2024-329">[317]</a> <a href="/wiki/Raz_Segal" title="Raz Segal">Raz Segal</a>, who called Israeli acts a "textbook case of genocide" early on, said the war "exacerbated the fundamental fissure that has long divided the community."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESperi2024-329">[317]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegal2023a-330">[318]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurga2023-282">[273]</a> Other academics also called Israel's attacks on infrastructure, food, and water genocidal.<a href="#cite_note-331">[319]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZarni2023-332">[320]</a> On 19 October 2023, 100 civil society organisations and six genocide scholars sent Prosecutor of the <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court" title="International Criminal Court">International Criminal Court</a> <a href="/wiki/Karim_Ahmad_Khan" title="Karim Ahmad Khan">Karim Khan</a> a letter calling on him to issue arrest warrants to Israeli officials for cases already before the prosecutor; to investigate new crimes committed in the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian territories">Palestinian territories</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Incitement_to_genocide" title="Incitement to genocide">incitement to genocide</a>, since 7 October; to issue a preventative statement against war crimes; and to remind all states of their obligations under international law. The letter said that Israeli officials' statements had shown "clear intent to commit war crimes, crimes against humanity and incitement to commit genocide, using dehumanizing language to describe Palestinians". The genocide scholars who signed the document were Raz Segal, <a href="/wiki/Barry_Trachtenberg" title="Barry Trachtenberg">Barry Trachtenberg</a>, Robert McNeil, <a href="/wiki/Damien_Short" title="Damien Short">Damien Short</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taner_Ak%C3%A7am" title="Taner Akçam">Taner Akçam</a>, and Victoria Sanford.<a href="#cite_note-sccoip-333">[321]</a> In October 2024, Segal, <a href="/wiki/Adam_Jones_(Canadian_scholar)" title="Adam Jones (Canadian scholar)">Adam Jones</a>, Ernesto Verdeja, and Michael Becker said there was evidence of genocide in Gaza, while <a href="/wiki/Dov_Waxman" title="Dov Waxman">Dov Waxman</a> said there was not enough evidence of an "intent to destroy", though the <a href="/wiki/Vox_Media" title="Vox Media">Vox Media</a> journalist who interviewed him noted that he was the only scholar who still held this opinion.<a href="#cite_note-335">[m]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENarea2024-334">[322]</a> In a 3 November 2023 interview on <a href="/wiki/MSNBC" title="MSNBC">MSNBC</a>, Holocaust and genocide scholar <a href="/wiki/Omer_Bartov" title="Omer Bartov">Omer Bartov</a> said, "the possibility of genocide is staring us in the face",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegalDaniele20246-98">[92]</a> and on 10 November 2023 he wrote: "My greatest concern watching the Israel-Gaza war unfold is that there is genocidal intent, which can easily tip into genocidal action."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBartov2023-248">[239]</a> In a response to Bartov's article, a group of five Holocaust scholars, while acknowledging Israeli officials' "despicable statements that cannot be ignored",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrilingJockuschSteir-LivnyPatt2023-336">[323]</a> said that only a few officials made such statements and justified them by pointing to Hamas's crimes.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegalDaniele20247-337">[324]</a> The five scholars argued that the dehumanising language was "not evidence of genocidal intent".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegalDaniele20247-337">[324]</a> Bartov later said that since May 2024 it was "no longer possible to deny that Israel was engaged in systematic war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocidal actions", while noting that very few people in Israel (apart from Palestinians) were willing to entertain this view.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBartov2024-338">[325]</a> In November 2024, Bartov called recent operations in <a href="/wiki/Jabalia" title="Jabalia">Jabalia</a> "blatantly genocidal".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMahdawi2024-339">[326]</a> Sociologist and genocide scholar <a href="/wiki/Martin_Shaw_(sociologist)" title="Martin Shaw (sociologist)">Martin Shaw</a> argues that the term "genocide" was underused as states wish "to avoid the responsibilities to 'prevent and punish'" the convention imposes; moreover, he argues, there is "a special aversion to investigating its implications for Israel's conduct. Western states continue to protect it out of a misplaced belief that Jews, having been prime historical victims of genocide, cannot also be its perpetrators."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShaw2023-340">[327]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoses2023b-341">[328]</a> In January 2024, Shaw's article "Inescapably Genocidal", published in the <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Genocide_Research" title="Journal of Genocide Research">Journal of Genocide Research</a>, noted that while the application of the framework of genocide to Palestine had, in the words of one commentator, "habitually evoked fanatical pushback", the nature of Israel's assault on Gaza "represented a strategic choice" rather than an inadvertent consequence, and thus calling it genocide was both warranted and inescapable.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShaw20243,_5-342">[329]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEl-Affendi20245–6-343">[330]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEl-Affendi2024b-344">[331]</a> Victoria Sanford, a professor at <a href="/wiki/City_University_of_New_York" title="City University of New York">City University of New York</a>, compared the events in Gaza to the 1960–1996 killing and disappearance of 200,000 Mayans in <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a>, known as the <a href="/wiki/Guatemalan_genocide" title="Guatemalan genocide">Guatemalan genocide</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurga2023-282">[273]</a> Sanford and the Holocaust and genocide scholars Barry Trachtenberg and John Cox detailed the similarities between statements Israeli government officials and ministers made and those made during the genocides in Guatemala, <a href="/wiki/Rwandan_genocide" title="Rwandan genocide">Rwanda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosnian_genocide" title="Bosnian genocide">Bosnia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Darfur_genocide" title="Darfur genocide">Darfur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yazidi_genocide" title="Yazidi genocide">northern Iraq</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rohingya_genocide" title="Rohingya genocide">Myanmar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegalDaniele20246-98">[92]</a> Shmuel Lederman has called Israel's actions genocidal violence, but does not use the term "genocide", critiquing the simplification of intent in the term. He locates the situation in Gaza within a long and ongoing history of oppression, including mass surveillance, collective punishment, restrictions on travel and work, and <a href="/wiki/Settler-colonialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Settler-colonialism">settler-colonialism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELederman20241–2,_5-345">[332]</a> He cites sociologist Eva Illouz's discussions of Gaza and human rights attorney Rabea Eghbariah's determination that Israel is conducting a genocide to highlight that even specialists using the same frame of analysis (the U.N. genocide convention) can disagree.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELederman20244-346">[333]</a> Lederman has been criticised for not citing specialist genocide scholars' analysis of whether there is disagreement about whether Israel is conducting a genocide.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegalDaniele20248-347">[334]</a> The anthropologist and sociologist <a href="/wiki/Didier_Fassin" title="Didier Fassin">Didier Fassin</a> highlights three rhetorical formations that he identifies as repeatedly occurring: presenting 7 October 2023 as the beginning of events, ignoring any history before that;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFassin20244-348">[335]</a> hyperbolic claims, such as calling the events of 7 October "a new Holocaust";<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFassin20244–5-349">[336]</a> and distortion, where actions taken in Gaza are disputed and the statement that Israel has "the most moral army in the world" is frequently repeated.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFassin20245-350">[337]</a> Holocaust historian <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tal_Bruttmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tal Bruttmann (page does not exist)">Tal Bruttmann</a> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tal_Bruttmann" class="extiw" title="fr:Tal Bruttmann">fr</a>],<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBou2024-351">[338]</a> sociologist <a href="/wiki/Luc_Boltanski" title="Luc Boltanski">Luc Boltanski</a>, and others have criticised Fassin's arguments.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarsentiEhrenfreundChristHeurtin2023-352">[339]</a> Holocaust historian <a href="/wiki/Amos_Goldberg" title="Amos Goldberg">Amos Goldberg</a> has said that Israel's actions in Gaza exhibit all the elements of genocide, citing explicit intent from high-ranking officials, widespread incitement, and a pervasive <a href="/wiki/Dehumanisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Dehumanisation">dehumanisation</a> of Palestinians in Israeli society. He also said, "Yes, it is genocide" of Israel's actions in Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFeroz2024-353">[340]</a><a href="#cite_note-354">[341]</a> In an interview, Goldberg said, "What is happening in Gaza is a genocide because Gaza does not exist anymore."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELe_Bars2024-355">[342]</a> His colleague <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Blatman" title="Daniel Blatman">Daniel Blatman</a> agreed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldbergBlatman2025a-356">[343]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldbergBlatman2025b-357">[344]</a> Genocide scholar Mark Levene applied A. Dirk Moses's analysis that "absolute securitization lends itself to collective targeting of human groups, more precisely civilians, regardless of issues of ethnos or genos".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevene20242-358">[345]</a> In January 2024, Levene detailed how Israel's actions are ethnic cleansing at the very least, in line with the Israeli intelligence ministry's policy paper for a forcible and permanent transfer of all Gazans, supported by Netanyahu's government.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevene20245-249">[240]</a> Levene also argues that Israel's actions and its politicians' and officials' statements show that it is engaging in genocide.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevene20245–7-359">[346]</a> Holocaust historians <a href="/wiki/Norman_J._W._Goda" title="Norman J. W. Goda">Norman J. W. Goda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Herf" title="Jeffrey Herf">Jeffrey Herf</a> reject claims that Israel is perpetrating a genocide and consider them a tactic to delegitimise Israel as a state.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlein202520-360">[347]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_Eastern_studies">Middle Eastern studies</h3></div> In March 2024, the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Studies_Association" title="Middle East Studies Association">Middle East Studies Association</a> released a statement condemning the "accelerating scale of genocidal violence being inflicted on the Palestinian population of Gaza" while also saying that Israel's conduct constitutes cultural genocide.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMotamediSiddiqui2024b-361">[348]</a> A 23 May to 6 June 2024 <a href="/wiki/Brookings_Institution" title="Brookings Institution">Brookings Institution</a> survey asked 758 Middle East scholars and experts, most in the United States: "How would you define Israel's current military actions in Gaza?" The responses were: "major war crimes akin to genocide", 41%; "genocide", 34%; "major war crimes but not akin to genocide", 16%; "unjustified actions but not major war crimes", 4%; "justified actions under the right to self-defense", 4%; and "I don't know", 2%.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELynchTelhami2024-362">[349]</a><a href="#cite_note-363">[350]</a> The sociologist and genocide scholar <a href="/wiki/U%C4%9Fur_%C3%9Cmit_%C3%9Cng%C3%B6r" title="Uğur Ümit Üngör">Uğur Ümit Üngör</a> views the 2023 Israeli assault on Gaza as continuation of a history of "asymmetrical power relations, and annihilatory attitudes towards civilians".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEÜngör20246-364">[351]</a> He calls Israeli actions "unmistakably counter-genocidal in terms of the quantity, quality, and dynamic of mass violence".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEÜngör20247-365">[352]</a> <a href="/wiki/Norman_Finkelstein" title="Norman Finkelstein">Norman Finkelstein</a> has argued that Israeli Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a>'s description of the Palestinians as "<a href="/wiki/Amalek" title="Amalek">Amalek</a>" was a call for genocide;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHains2023-366">[353]</a> he accused Israel of engaging in "genocidal war".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGV_Wire2023-367">[354]</a> British-Israeli historian <a href="/wiki/Ilan_Papp%C3%A9" title="Ilan Pappé">Ilan Pappé</a> said, "What we see now are massacres which are part of the genocidal impulse, namely to kill people in order to downsize the number of people living in Gaza."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdlerQuillen2024-368">[355]</a> Historian Yoav Di-Capua charted a history of increasing genocidal ideology among <a href="/wiki/Hardal" title="Hardal">Hardal</a>, identifying Smotrich and Ben-Gvir as politicians who seek the adoption of this ideology as national policy and are using the Gaza war to implement their plan.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDi-Capua20245,_12–13-369">[356]</a> Israeli historian <a href="/wiki/Benny_Morris" title="Benny Morris">Benny Morris</a> contended that Israel was not committing genocide:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris2025-370">[357]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">Israel is not committing genocide in Gaza. The prosecutor in The Hague and all the learned professors, from Omer Bartov on down, who talk about a genocide, are wrong. The government has no policy of genocide, there is no decision by Israeli leaders to commit genocide, there is no deliberate intention to wipe out the Palestinians, and there are no orders coming from the government to the army or from the army chiefs to the operative ranks to murder "the Palestinians." Many of them have been killed, but this is no policy.</blockquote> But Morris added that given the dehumanisation of Palestinians by the Israeli civilian populace and dehumanisation of Israelis by Palestinians, genocide against Palestinians was possible in the future unless certain steps were taken.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris2025-370">[357]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_law_scholars">International law scholars</h3></div> In December 2023, <a href="/wiki/Luis_Moreno_Ocampo" title="Luis Moreno Ocampo">Luis Moreno Ocampo</a>, former chief prosecutor of the International Criminal Court, told <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Jazeera">Al Jazeera</a> that the siege of Gaza was a form of genocide due to Israel's imposing conditions of life on Gaza that would lead to the deaths of Palestinians.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl_Jazeera2023h-371">[358]</a> In January 2024, a number of prominent Israelis, represented by human rights lawyer <a href="/wiki/Michael_Sfard" title="Michael Sfard">Michael Sfard</a>, sent Israel's attorney general and state prosecutor an open letter detailing examples of "the discourse of annihilation, expulsion and revenge".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGraham-HarrisonKierszenbaum2024-289">[280]</a> The signatories said that the Israeli judiciary was ignoring incitement to genocide in Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGraham-HarrisonKierszenbaum2024-289">[280]</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Schabas" title="William Schabas">William Schabas</a>, an expert in <a href="/wiki/International_criminal_law" title="International criminal law">international criminal law</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECurrie2010-372">[359]</a> wrote in January 2024: "To me it is increasingly clear that Israel is not aiming to defeat Hamas, but rather to uproot or erase the population of Gaza."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESansour2024-373">[360]</a> In June 2024, Schabas said that of all recent genocide cases at the <a href="/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice" title="International Court of Justice">International Court of Justice</a>, the case brought by South Africa was the strongest, citing the destruction of Gazan infrastructure and statements made by Israeli politicians that Gazans are inhuman or "human animals" and that Israel would deny them electricity, water, and medical care.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECBC2024-374">[361]</a> In a May 2024 interview, Human Rights Watch co-founder <a href="/wiki/Aryeh_Neier" title="Aryeh Neier">Aryeh Neier</a> detailed how Israel's blocking of aid and the subsequent starvation of the Gazan population is indicative of genocide.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZakaria2024-375">[362]</a> <a href="/wiki/Barry_Trachtenberg" title="Barry Trachtenberg">Barry Trachtenberg</a>, a professor at <a href="/wiki/Wake_Forest_University" title="Wake Forest University">Wake Forest University</a>, said, "What Israel has been doing since October 7 is clearly in strong violation of international law—of the Conventions on Genocide, and Geneva Conventions on the pursuit of war."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESiddiquiStepansky2024-376">[363]</a> A June 2024 joint report by the <a href="/wiki/University_Network_for_Human_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="University Network for Human Rights">University Network for Human Rights</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boston_University_School_of_Law" title="Boston University School of Law">Boston University School of Law</a> found that "Israel has committed genocidal acts, namely killing, seriously harming, and inflicting conditions of life calculated, and intended to, bring about the physical destruction of Palestinians in Gaza."<a href="#cite_note-Bouranova-322">[310]</a> In May, the legal scholar Nimer Sultany detailed and supported <a href="/wiki/Forensic_Architecture" title="Forensic Architecture">Forensic Architecture</a>'s assessment that Israel had weaponised international humanitarian law into "humanitarian violence".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESultany202410–11-377">[364]</a> In April 2024, the German legal scholar <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Talmon" title="Stefan Talmon">Stefan Talmon</a> told <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCddeutsche_Zeitung" title="Süddeutsche Zeitung">Süddeutsche Zeitung</a> that Israel was not committing genocide in Gaza, but conceded that Israel had committed war crimes.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESteinke2024-378">[365]</a> International law professor Sabine Swoboda also argued that although Israel may have broken international law, it had not committed genocide because its intent was not genocidal.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERuhr-Universität_Bochum2024-379">[366]</a> In January 2024, lawyer <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Kontorovich" title="Eugene Kontorovich">Eugene Kontorovich</a> called the genocide allegations "absolutely absurd" and a "farce", and called for Israel to immediately end its acceptance of the ICJ's jurisdiction in response to South Africa's case.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKontorovich2024-380">[367]</a> In an August 2024 op-ed in the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Daily_News" title="New York Daily News">New York Daily News</a>, lawyer <a href="/wiki/Eli_Rosenbaum" title="Eli Rosenbaum">Eli Rosenbaum</a> wrote that Israel's actions in Gaza are not genocidal but in fact seeking to "prevent genocide" by Hamas.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosenbaum2024-381">[368]</a> In December 2023, <a href="/wiki/Kai_Ambos" title="Kai Ambos">Kai Ambos</a>, a professor of international and criminal law in <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ttingen" title="Göttingen">Göttingen</a> and judge at the Kosovo Special Tribunal, warned that statements by politicians, while potentially beneficial for proving specific intent, could not necessarily be applied to the evaluation of military decisions.<a href="#cite_note-382">[369]</a> In January 2024, <a class="external text" href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Walter_(Jurist)">Christian Walter</a>, a professor of Public Law and Public International Law at the <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Maximilian_University_of_Munich" title="Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich">LMU</a>, argued in the Verfassungsblog that the extent of harm to both civilians and infrastructure were inconclusive, and that attempts to evacuate civilians were an indication against genocidal intent.<a href="#cite_note-383">[370]</a> <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Academy_of_International_Humanitarian_Law_and_Human_Rights" title="Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights">Marco Sassoli</a> and <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Diggelmann" class="extiw" title="de:Oliver Diggelmann">Oliver Diggelmann</a>, professors of international law in Gevena and Zurich, argued in May 2024 that while some statements by politicians may be genocidal, the same did not apply to the actions of the Israeli military; Diggelmann believes that a conviction for genocide is unlikely.<a href="#cite_note-384">[371]</a> <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Th._M%C3%BCller" class="extiw" title="de:Andreas Th. Müller">Andreas Müller</a>, a professor of international law in Basel, stated that the term genocide was being used as a term of criticism instead of according to its legal definition, and added that “there was no sufficient ground of genocide if one takes the legal term seriously”.<a href="#cite_note-385">[372]</a> <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel-Erasmus_Khan" class="extiw" title="de:Daniel-Erasmus Khan">Daniel-Erasmus Khan</a>, professor of international law at the University of the <a href="/wiki/Bundeswehr" title="Bundeswehr">Bundeswehr</a> in Munich, stated in June that there was no clear evidence of a special intent among Israeli leadership.<a href="#cite_note-386">[373]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Others">Others</h3></div> On 13 November 2023, the German philosopher and <a href="/wiki/Social_theorist" class="mw-redirect" title="Social theorist">social theorist</a> <a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Habermas" title="Jürgen Habermas">Jürgen Habermas</a> and three of his colleagues at <a href="/wiki/Goethe_University_Frankfurt" title="Goethe University Frankfurt">Goethe University Frankfurt</a> published a statement in which they said that attributing genocidal intent to Israel's actions in Gaza was a misjudgment.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIvison2024-387">[374]</a> This statement triggered public debate in Germany.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOltermann2023-388">[375]</a> In December 2023, in correspondence published in The Lancet, multiple specialists in international medicine and humanitarian aid reiterated warnings of the risk of genocide, while detailing how Israel's blocking of humanitarian support and aid were leading to unnecessary deaths, and how the death rate would only continue to worsen. They called signatories to the Genocide Convention to enforce a ceasefire on Israel.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFaddoulShannonAsgharBoukari202325–26-389">[376]</a> Palestinian-Israeli writer Nimer Sultany argued that, by mid-2024, a growing consensus among legal scholars suggests that Israel is committing genocide in Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESultany2024-143">[136]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] Multiple public declarations from various journals and academic organisations have been released warning of a potential genocide and declaring opposition to an ongoing genocide.<a href="#cite_note-twailr-244">[235]</a><a href="#cite_note-390">[377]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEInternational_State_Crime_Initiative2023-44">[39]</a> Others, such as the historians <a href="/wiki/Michael_Berenbaum" title="Michael Berenbaum">Michael Berenbaum</a> and Polly Zavadivker, claim that discussing the Israeli assault on Gaza as a potential genocide is a threat to the future successful prosecution of the crime of genocide and a threat to Holocaust and genocide studies as a field,<a href="#cite_note-391">[378]</a> and that describing the assault as "engaged in ethnic cleansing, war crimes, crimes against humanity or has genocidal intentions" actively inhibits the ability to resolve the conflict.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrilingJockuschSteir-LivnyPatt2023-336">[323]</a> In an interview with the editor-in-chief of <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Currents" title="Jewish Currents">Jewish Currents</a> on her decision to publish Raz Segal's work, the <a href="/wiki/New_Left_Review" title="New Left Review">New Left Review</a> opined that disagreement over use of the term "genocide" stemmed partly from tensions between the goals of being "emotionally powerful" and "analytically precise".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAngel2024-392">[379]</a> According to historian <a href="/wiki/Enzo_Traverso" title="Enzo Traverso">Enzo Traverso</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Genocide_Convention" title="Genocide Convention">Genocide Convention</a>'s definition of genocide "describes exactly what is happening in Gaza today".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETraverso2024[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid7-8PEQAAQBAJpgPA8_8]-393">[380]</a> Holocaust historian Tal Bruttmann has criticised Traverso's analysis, noting Traverso's lack of expertise on mass violence, Israel, Palestine, Hamas, or the Palestinians.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBou2024-351">[338]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_proceedings">Legal proceedings</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_Court_of_Justice_application">International Court of Justice application</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/South_Africa_v._Israel_(Genocide_Convention)" class="mw-redirect" title="South Africa v. Israel (Genocide Convention)">South Africa v. Israel (Genocide Convention)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:International_stances_on_South_Africa_v._Israel_lawsuit.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/International_stances_on_South_Africa_v._Israel_lawsuit.svg/220px-International_stances_on_South_Africa_v._Israel_lawsuit.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/International_stances_on_South_Africa_v._Israel_lawsuit.svg/330px-International_stances_on_South_Africa_v._Israel_lawsuit.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/International_stances_on_South_Africa_v._Israel_lawsuit.svg/440px-International_stances_on_South_Africa_v._Israel_lawsuit.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1104" data-file-height="566" /></a><figcaption>Stances of states:<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  South Africa</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Countries that have supported South Africa's case</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Countries that have opposed South Africa's case</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Israel</div></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> has instituted proceedings at the <a href="/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice" title="International Court of Justice">International Court of Justice</a> pursuant to the <a href="/wiki/Genocide_Convention" title="Genocide Convention">Genocide Convention</a>, to which both Israel and South Africa are signatories, accusing Israel of committing genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity against Palestinians in Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChao-FongBelamAhmad2023-394">[381]</a><a href="#cite_note-ICJ-2023-12-29-57">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-AP_News-South_Africa-395">[382]</a> South African president <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Ramaphosa" title="Cyril Ramaphosa">Cyril Ramaphosa</a> <a href="/wiki/Israel_and_apartheid" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel and apartheid">compared Israel's actions</a> to <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarl2023-396">[383]</a> South Africa's application was brought pursuant to Article IX of the convention.<a href="#cite_note-ICJ-2023-12-29-57">[52]</a> Several <a href="/wiki/South_Africa_v._Israel_(Genocide_Convention)#Other_international_responses" class="mw-redirect" title="South Africa v. Israel (Genocide Convention)">human rights organisations, international organisations, and other nations</a> supported South Africa's suit.<a href="#cite_note-397">[384]</a><a href="#cite_note-Progressive_International_2024-398">[385]</a> In an application filed on 29 December 2023, South Africa argued that Israel's actions "are genocidal in character because they are intended to bring about the destruction of a substantial part of the Palestinian national, racial and ethnical group".<a href="#cite_note-ICJ-2023-12-29-57">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECorder2024-399">[386]</a> South Africa requested that the ICJ issue a legal order on an <a href="/wiki/Interim_order" title="Interim order">interim</a> basis (i.e., before hearing the merits of the application) requiring Israel to "immediately suspend its military operations in and against Gaza".<a href="#cite_note-ICJ-2023-12-29-57">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECorder2024-399">[386]</a> Adjudication of the merits of the case may take years, but such an order could be issued within weeks.<a href="#cite_note-AP_News-South_Africa-395">[382]</a> In a statement to the ICJ during the proceedings, the South African ambassador to the Netherlands argued that the current assault on Gaza is not an individual event but the escalation of "Israel's 25-year apartheid, 56-year occupation, and 16-year siege imposed on the Gaza Strip".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETanielian20242-169">[162]</a> <a href="/wiki/Balkees_Jarrah" title="Balkees Jarrah">Balkees Jarrah</a>, associate international justice director at <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a>, notes that the ICJ case is not a prosecution of individuals, and does not involve the <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court" title="International Criminal Court">International Criminal Court</a>, which is a separate body.<a href="#cite_note-AP_News-South_Africa-395">[382]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHuman_Rights_Watch2024a-400">[387]</a> Jarrah said that the case presents an opportunity to "provide clear, definitive answers on the question of whether Israel is committing genocide against the Palestinian people".<a href="#cite_note-AP_News-South_Africa-395">[382]</a> On 26 January 2024, the ICJ issued a preliminary ruling finding that the rights asserted in South Africa's filing were "plausible", and issued an order to Israel requiring it to take all measures in its power to prevent acts of genocide, to prevent and punish incitement to genocide, and to allow basic humanitarian services into Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-ICJruling-59">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-Donoghue-58">[53]</a> On 6 March 2024, South Africa asked the ICJ to order additional measures against Israel because Gazans are facing mass starvation.<a href="#cite_note-401">[388]</a> In May, the court issued what some experts considered to be an ambiguous order but which was widely understood as requiring Israel to immediately halt its <a href="/wiki/Rafah_offensive" title="Rafah offensive">offensive in Rafah</a>.<a href="#cite_note-402">[389]</a> Israel rejected this interpretation and continued with its <a href="/wiki/Tel_al-Sultan_attack" title="Tel al-Sultan attack">offensive operations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECasciani2024b-62">[57]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Israeli_response">Israeli response</h4></div> Israeli government spokesman <a href="/wiki/Eylon_Levy" title="Eylon Levy">Eylon Levy</a> rejected the allegations "with disgust"<a href="#cite_note-AP_News-South_Africa-395">[382]</a> and accused South Africa of cooperating with Hamas,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChao-FongBelamAhmad2023-394">[381]</a> calling South Africa's claims "<a href="/wiki/Blood_libel" title="Blood libel">blood libel</a>"<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Herald2024-403">[390]</a> that abets "the modern heirs of the <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazis</a>".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELazaroff2024a-404">[391]</a> On 2 January 2024, Israel decided to appear before the ICJ in response to South Africa's case, despite a history of ignoring international tribunals.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECorder2024-399">[386]</a> On 13 January, Netanyahu said, "No one will stop us. Not The Hague, not the Axis of Evil, no one."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl-Mughrabi2024-405">[392]</a> Israeli officials called the court antisemitic.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcKernan2024-406">[393]</a><a href="#cite_note-NBC-2024-01-26-407">[394]</a> Israel's position is that "while unfortunate, the mass killing of thousands of Palestinian civilians is necessary, unavoidable, and justifiable self-defense."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcDoom20245–6-408">[395]</a> South Africa's actions found support from some Israeli politicians, including <a href="/wiki/Ofer_Cassif" title="Ofer Cassif">Ofer Cassif</a>.<a href="#cite_note-409">[396]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_Criminal_Court">International Criminal Court</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_arrest_warrants_for_Israeli_leaders" title="International Criminal Court arrest warrants for Israeli leaders">International Criminal Court arrest warrants for Israeli leaders</a></div> On 20 May 2024, Khan applied for arrest warrants against Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu and Minister of Defence <a href="/wiki/Yoav_Gallant" title="Yoav Gallant">Yoav Gallant</a>, saying he had reasonable grounds to believe they bore criminal responsibility for war crimes and crimes against humanity committed in the Gaza strip from at least 8 October 2023.<a href="#cite_note-410">[397]</a> The list of crimes did not include genocide, which is legally distinct from <a href="/wiki/Extermination_(crime)" title="Extermination (crime)">extermination</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELuban2024-411">[398]</a> The arrest warrants against Netanyahu and Gallant were issued on 21 November 2024.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEl_Abdallah2024-199">[191]</a> As part of a December 2024 report accusing Israel of genocide, Amnesty International called on the ICC "to urgently consider the commission of the crime of genocide by Israeli officials since 7 October 2023 in the ongoing investigation into the situation in the State of Palestine".<a href="#cite_note-412">[399]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerrer2024-413">[400]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U.S._Center_for_Constitutional_Rights_lawsuit">U.S. Center for Constitutional Rights lawsuit</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Defense_for_Children_International-Palestine_et_al_v._Biden_et_al" class="mw-redirect" title="Defense for Children International-Palestine et al v. Biden et al">Defense for Children International-Palestine et al v. Biden et al</a></div> On 13 November 2023, the Center for Constitutional Rights sued U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a>, Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Antony_Blinken" title="Antony Blinken">Antony Blinken</a>, and Secretary of Defense <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Austin" title="Lloyd Austin">Lloyd Austin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMansoor2023-414">[401]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaigh2023-415">[402]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegalDaniele20246-98">[92]</a> The suit alleges that Israel's "mass killings", targeting of civilian infrastructure, and forced expulsions amount to genocide,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcGreal2023-306">[294]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMansoor2023-414">[401]</a> writing: "As Israel's closest ally and strongest supporter, being its biggest provider of military assistance by a large margin and with Israel being the largest cumulative recipient of US foreign assistance since World War II, the United States has the means available to have a deterrent effect on Israeli officials now pursuing genocidal acts against the Palestinian people in Gaza."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcGreal2023-306">[294]</a> Genocide expert <a href="/wiki/William_Schabas" title="William Schabas">William Schabas</a> supported the lawsuit, saying he believed there was a "serious risk of genocide" and the U.S. was "in breach of its obligation, under both the 1948 Genocide Convention to which it is a party as well as customary international law, to use its position of influence with the government of Israel and to take the best measures within its power to prevent the crime taking place".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHanson2023-416">[403]</a> On 16 November, the scholars Victoria Sanford, Barry Trachtenberg, and John Cox filed a declaration in support of the CCR's lawsuit.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegalDaniele20246-98">[92]</a> During the court case, Trachtenberg testified that the U.S. must act and not repeat its failure to take a stand against the violence against Jews in Nazi Germany leading up to the Holocaust.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegalDaniele20249-417">[404]</a> A <a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_judge" title="United States federal judge">federal judge</a> dismissed the case <a href="/wiki/Defense_for_Children_International-Palestine_et_al_v._Biden_et_al" class="mw-redirect" title="Defense for Children International-Palestine et al v. Biden et al">Defense for Children International-Palestine et al v. Biden et al</a> on 31 January 2024, saying <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">the Constitution</a> prevented his court from determining foreign policy, which is reserved to the government's political branches, but he wrote that "as the ICJ has found, it is plausible that Israel's conduct amounts to genocide"<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHubler2024-418">[405]</a> and also commented that he would have preferred to have issued the injunction and urged Biden to rethink U.S. policy, writing that the court "implores defendants to examine the results of their unflagging support of the military siege against the Palestinians in Gaza".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBorger2024-419">[406]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHanson2023-416">[403]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMansoor2023-414">[401]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Occupation_proceedings">Occupation proceedings</h3></div> In the <a href="/wiki/Legal_consequences_arising_from_the_policies_and_practices_of_Israel_in_the_occupied_Palestinian_territory_including_East_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal consequences arising from the policies and practices of Israel in the occupied Palestinian territory including East Jerusalem">legal consequences arising from the policies and practices of Israel in the occupied Palestinian territory including East Jerusalem</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl_Jazeera2024c-420">[407]</a> Qatar said, "Israel's genocidal war on the people of Gaza has shown that the situation in Palestine is the most pressing threat to international peace and security".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl_Jazeera2024e-421">[408]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="German_lawsuit">German lawsuit</h3></div> In February 2024, lawyers representing Palestinians in Germany filed a criminal complaint against various senior politicians, including <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany" title="Chancellor of Germany">Chancellor</a> <a href="/wiki/Olaf_Scholz" title="Olaf Scholz">Olaf Scholz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_(Germany)" title="Minister for Foreign Affairs (Germany)">Foreign Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Annalena_Baerbock" title="Annalena Baerbock">Annalena Baerbock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Federal_Ministry_for_Economic_Affairs_and_Climate_Action" title="Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action">Economic Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Habeck" title="Robert Habeck">Robert Habeck</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Federal_Ministry_of_Finance_(Germany)" title="Federal Ministry of Finance (Germany)">Finance Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Christian_Lindner" title="Christian Lindner">Christian Lindner</a>, for "aiding and abetting" genocide in Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchaer2024-422">[409]</a><a href="#cite_note-423">[410]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nicaragua_v._Germany">Nicaragua v. Germany</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua_v._Germany" title="Nicaragua v. Germany">Nicaragua v. Germany</a></div> On 1 March 2024, Nicaragua initiated proceedings against Germany at the ICJ under the Genocide Convention concerning Germany's support for Israel in the Gaza war.<a href="#cite_note-mee-2024-1-1-424">[411]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_den_Berg2024-425">[412]</a> It sought the indication of <a href="/wiki/Provisional_measures_of_protection" class="mw-redirect" title="Provisional measures of protection">provisional measures of protection</a>, including resumption of suspended German funding of the <a href="/wiki/UNRWA" title="UNRWA">UNRWA</a> and cessation of military supplies to Israel.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_den_Berg2024-425">[412]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australian_legal_proceedings">Australian legal proceedings</h3></div> In March 2024, Sydney-based firm Birchgrove Legal referred Australian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Albanese" title="Anthony Albanese">Anthony Albanese</a>, Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Penny_Wong" title="Penny Wong">Penny Wong</a>, Opposition Leader <a href="/wiki/Peter_Dutton" title="Peter Dutton">Peter Dutton</a>, and others to the ICC as accessories to genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity, citing the defunding of UNRWA, the provision of military aid, and "unequivocal political support" for Israel's actions during the Gaza war.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWedesweiler2024-426">[413]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERothwell2024-427">[414]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Responsibility_of_third_states">Responsibility of third states</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Complicity_in_genocide" title="Complicity in genocide">Complicity in genocide</a> and <a href="/wiki/Defense_for_Children_International_%E2%80%93_Palestine_et_al_v._Biden_et_al" title="Defense for Children International – Palestine et al v. Biden et al">Defense for Children International – Palestine et al v. Biden et al</a></div> Third states are obliged "to employ all means reasonably available to them, so as to prevent genocide so far as possible" and must not provide "means to enable or facilitate the commission of the crime".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBastaki2024-428">[415]</a> In January 2024, former UNRWA spokesperson <a href="/wiki/Chris_Gunness" title="Chris Gunness">Chris Gunness</a> said that the U.S. and U.K. are complicit in genocide against Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalker_M.2024-429">[416]</a> In March, <a href="/wiki/OXFAM" class="mw-redirect" title="OXFAM">OXFAM</a> released a statement detailing its intention, alongside several other NGOs,<a href="#cite_note-430">[n]</a> to sue Denmark to prevent arms sales to Israel, warning that by selling arms Denmark is "complicit in violations of international humanitarian law ... and a plausible genocide".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOxfam2024-431">[417]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMohamedSiddiqui2024-432">[418]</a> In August, legal academic Shahd Hammouri said there was a "very strong" case for Western countries, particularly the U.S., being complicit in genocide against Palestinians.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELakhaniNiranjan2024-433">[419]</a> Legal scholar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Matiangai_Sirleaf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matiangai Sirleaf (page does not exist)">Matiangai Sirleaf</a> has written that Gaza "is the first 'live-streamed' genocide in history" but that clear information about what is happening has not translated into effective action by the international community.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESirleaf2024182-434">[420]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Independent_International_Commission_of_Inquiry_on_the_Occupied_Palestinian_Territory" title="Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied Palestinian Territory">Independent International Commission of Inquiry on Palestine</a> said, "States may be complicit in failing to prevent genocide if they do not act in compliance" with the <a href="/wiki/South_Africa%27s_genocide_case_against_Israel" title="South Africa's genocide case against Israel">International Court of Justice's</a> orders, or if they directly aided or assisted in "the commission of genocide".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELarson2024-435">[421]</a> Other journalists and scholars around the world have written that the actions of the US and other western countries are giving implicit permission for genocide.<a href="#cite_note-436">[422]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/United_States_support_for_Israel_in_the_Gaza_war" title="United States support for Israel in the Gaza war">United States support for Israel in the Gaza war</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_complicity_in_Israeli_war_crimes_in_the_Gaza_war" title="United States complicity in Israeli war crimes in the Gaza war">United States complicity in Israeli war crimes in the Gaza war</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Joenicide" redirects here. For President Joseph Biden's nickname, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_nicknames_of_presidents_of_the_United_States#Joe_Biden" title="List of nicknames of presidents of the United States">list of nicknames of presidents of the United States § Joe Biden</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pro_Palestine_Rally8_Austin_Texas_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Pro_Palestine_Rally8_Austin_Texas_2023.jpg/220px-Pro_Palestine_Rally8_Austin_Texas_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Pro_Palestine_Rally8_Austin_Texas_2023.jpg/330px-Pro_Palestine_Rally8_Austin_Texas_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Pro_Palestine_Rally8_Austin_Texas_2023.jpg/440px-Pro_Palestine_Rally8_Austin_Texas_2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3556" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Pro-Palestine rally in <a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin, Texas</a>, United States, 12 November 2023</figcaption></figure> In November 2023, critics of President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> nicknamed him "Genocide Joe" for his support for Israel.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEForbes_Breaking_News2023-437">[423]</a> National Security Council spokesman <a href="/wiki/John_Kirby_(admiral)" title="John Kirby (admiral)">John Kirby</a>, described by Israeli media outlet <a href="/wiki/Ynet" title="Ynet">Ynet</a> as "an exceptionally accomplished Israeli advocate",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShmilovitz2023-438">[424]</a> said: "Israel's trying to defend itself against a genocidal terrorist threat. So if we're going to start using that word, fine, let's use it appropriately."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEForbes_Breaking_News2023-437">[423]</a> On 13 November 2023, the New York-based Center for Constitutional Rights (CCR) sued Biden for allegedly failing in his duty, defined under national and international laws, to prevent Israel from committing genocide in Gaza in the Gaza war.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcGreal2023-306">[294]</a> In February 2024, the <a href="/wiki/Lemkin_Institute_for_Genocide_Prevention" title="Lemkin Institute for Genocide Prevention">Lemkin Institute for Genocide Prevention</a> said the Biden administration was complicit in genocide in Gaza: "None of the Biden Administration's tactics to deny genocide and avoid accountability will withstand the test of time. President Biden and key administration officials are on a path to be remembered as the principal enablers of one of the worst genocides in the 21st century."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarsiVarshalomidzeHarbOsgood2024-439">[425]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ali_Harb" title="Ali Harb">Ali Harb</a> wrote, "US weapons have continued to flow to Israel to arm a military carrying out a suspected genocide in Gaza. At the same time, Biden is pushing to secure $14bn in additional aid for the US ally."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarb2024b-440">[426]</a> In February 2024, after the U.S. vetoed a U.N. ceasefire resolution, Cuban president <a href="/wiki/Miguel_Diaz-Canel_Bermudez" class="mw-redirect" title="Miguel Diaz-Canel Bermudez">Miguel Diaz-Canel Bermudez</a> said, "They are accomplices of this genocide of Israel against Palestine."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarbOsgood2024-441">[427]</a> Karen Wells et al. also point to the $14.3 billion in their article in the journal Children's Geographies as evidence of U.S. complicity in Israel's "genocidal war".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWellsCortés-MoralesEssonHorgan20242–3-442">[428]</a> Research conducted in 2024 showed that Israel's military relies heavily on fuel imports from the U.S. for its operations in Gaza. Francesca Albanese said that America's provision of fuel to Israel after the ICJ's provisional ruling was "a breach of the Genocide Convention".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELakhaniNiranjan2024-433">[419]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rhetoric_from_U.S._politicians">Rhetoric from U.S. politicians</h4></div> In the Florida legislature, <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> Representative <a href="/wiki/Angie_Nixon" title="Angie Nixon">Angie Nixon</a> sponsored a resolution calling for "de-escalation" and a ceasefire to end the killing of Palestinians. She said: "We are at 10,000 dead Palestinians. How many will be enough?" <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> Representative <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Salzman" title="Michelle Salzman">Michelle Salzman</a> replied, "All of them." Nixon then interrupted her speech, saying, "One of my colleagues just said 'All of them'. Wow." Some commentators have called Salzman's remark a call for genocide. Nixon and the Florida chapter of the <a href="/wiki/Council_on_American%E2%80%93Islamic_Relations" title="Council on American–Islamic Relations">Council on American–Islamic Relations</a> called for her to be censured or resign.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMitrovica2023-443">[429]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalam_E.2023-444">[430]</a> CAIR-Florida Executive Director Imam Abdullah Jaber said in a statement: "This chilling call for genocide by an American lawmaker is the direct result of decades of dehumanization of the Palestinian people by advocates of Israeli apartheid and their eager enablers in government and the media."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHooper2023-445">[431]</a> Executive director of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=U.S._Campaign_for_Palestinian_Rights&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="U.S. Campaign for Palestinian Rights (page does not exist)">U.S. Campaign for Palestinian Rights</a> (USPCR) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmad_Abuznaid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmad Abuznaid (page does not exist)">Ahmad Abuznaid</a> said, "There is a bipartisan effort to dehumanize the Palestinian people", referring especially to Biden voicing doubt about the accuracy of the Palestinian death count and attacks on Palestinian-American Congresswoman <a href="/wiki/Rashida_Tlaib" title="Rashida Tlaib">Rashida Tlaib</a> for her <a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Israel" title="Criticism of Israel">criticism of Israel</a>'s military offensive.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarb2023-446">[432]</a> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> U.S. Representative and former <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> aide <a href="/wiki/Max_Miller_(politician)" title="Max Miller (politician)">Max Miller</a>, said that Palestine is "about to get eviscerated... to turn that into a parking lot". He previously called on the Biden administration "to get out of Israel's way and to let Israel do what it needs to do best" and said there should be "no rules of engagement" during Israel's bombardment of Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-447">[433]</a> Miller also questioned the accuracy of the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Health_Ministry" title="Gaza Health Ministry">Gaza Health Ministry</a>'s claim that 10,000 people have been killed in Gaza, saying that he believes many of those killed have been "Hamas terrorists", not innocent civilians, and that the U.S. does not "trust an entity that puts munitions in mosques, and churches and in hospitals".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEaton2023-448">[434]</a> In December, former Republican U.S. Representative <a href="/wiki/Michele_Bachmann" title="Michele Bachmann">Michele Bachmann</a> said on <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Kirk" title="Charlie Kirk">The Charlie Kirk Show</a>: "So it's time that Gaza ends. The two million people who live there, they are clever assassins. They need to be removed from that land. That land needs to be turned into a national park. And since they're the voluntary mercenaries for Iran, they need to be dropped on the doorstep of Iran. Let Iran deal with those people." She received a round of applause from the audience. Kirk replied: "I look at Israel and Israel says we never want another person into our country that doesn't share our values. They said they don't want refugees. They don't want any of these people. I want American immigration policy to be like that."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELuciano2023-449">[435]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMedia_Matters_Staff2023-450">[436]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:74.Rally.AaronBushnellVigil.WDC.26February2024_(53561571421).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/74.Rally.AaronBushnellVigil.WDC.26February2024_%2853561571421%29.jpg/220px-74.Rally.AaronBushnellVigil.WDC.26February2024_%2853561571421%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/74.Rally.AaronBushnellVigil.WDC.26February2024_%2853561571421%29.jpg/330px-74.Rally.AaronBushnellVigil.WDC.26February2024_%2853561571421%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/74.Rally.AaronBushnellVigil.WDC.26February2024_%2853561571421%29.jpg/440px-74.Rally.AaronBushnellVigil.WDC.26February2024_%2853561571421%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>A 26 February 2024 vigil outside the <a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_Israel,_Washington,_D.C." title="Embassy of Israel, Washington, D.C.">Israeli embassy in Washington, D.C.</a> with a sign accusing the United States of supporting genocide.</figcaption></figure> Republican U.S. Representative <a href="/wiki/Brian_Mast" title="Brian Mast">Brian Mast</a> compared all Palestinians to Nazis in November on the House floor.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOtten2023-451">[437]</a> On 31 January 2024, Mast said that Palestinian babies are not innocent civilians but "terrorists" who should be killed, that more infrastructure in Gaza needs to be destroyed, and "It would be better if you kill all the terrorists and kill everyone who are supporters."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOtten2024-452">[438]</a> Republican Representative <a href="/wiki/Andy_Ogles" title="Andy Ogles">Andy Ogles</a>, when asked by an activist about the deaths of Palestinian children, said: "I think we should kill 'em all...Hamas and the Palestinians have been attacking Israel for 20 years. It's time to pay the piper."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReid2024-453">[439]</a> His comments were widely denounced by supporters of Palestine, including the <a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Muslim_Advisory_Council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="American Muslim Advisory Council (page does not exist)">American Muslim Advisory Council</a>, as a call for genocide.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownGang2024-454">[440]</a><a href="#cite_note-455">[441]</a> Ogles said in response that his remarks were directed at Hamas rather than Palestinians in general.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBacallao2024-456">[442]</a> In an interview with <a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a> on 5 March 2024, former president and presumptive Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump said that Biden "dumped Israel" due to being overly influenced by pro-Palestinian protests, that "the Democrats are very bad for Israel", that he supports Israel's ongoing offensive in Gaza, that Israel has to "finish the problem", and that the Biden administration "got soft", which some commentators viewed as a call to continue and "double down" on genocidal acts. Trump's campaign also said that, if elected, he would bar Gaza residents from entering the U.S. as part of an expanded travel ban.<a href="#cite_note-457">[443]</a> In a <a href="/wiki/Town_hall" title="Town hall">town hall</a> meeting on 25 March 2024, Republican U.S. Representative <a href="/wiki/Tim_Walberg" title="Tim Walberg">Tim Walberg</a> said that Palestinian civilians should have nuclear weapons used against them, "like Nagasaki and Hiroshima", to "get it over quick".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVargas2024-458">[444]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFossum2024-459">[445]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVigdor2024-460">[446]</a> Democratic U.S. Representative <a href="/wiki/Rashida_Tlaib" title="Rashida Tlaib">Rashida Tlaib</a> accused Biden of supporting "the genocide of the Palestinian people".<a href="#cite_note-461">[447]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENareaSamuel2023-305">[293]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDemirjian2023-462">[448]</a> Representative <a href="/wiki/Marjorie_Taylor_Greene" title="Marjorie Taylor Greene">Marjorie Taylor Greene</a> sponsored a resolution to censure Tlaib.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDemirjian2023-462">[448]</a> <a href="/wiki/Craig_Mokhiber" title="Craig Mokhiber">Craig Mokhiber</a> of the <a href="/wiki/UN_High_Commissioner_for_Human_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="UN High Commissioner for Human Rights">UN High Commission for Human Rights</a> resigned, criticising the organisation for its response to the Gaza war.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoughtaling2023-463">[449]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENareaSamuel2023-305">[293]</a> He later said that Israel's actions against Gaza are a "classic case of textbook genocide".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Palestine_Chronicle2024b-464">[450]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reminding_Keir_Starmer_that_he%27s_could_be_complicit_in_genocide_(53334628181).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Reminding_Keir_Starmer_that_he%27s_could_be_complicit_in_genocide_%2853334628181%29.jpg/220px-Reminding_Keir_Starmer_that_he%27s_could_be_complicit_in_genocide_%2853334628181%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Reminding_Keir_Starmer_that_he%27s_could_be_complicit_in_genocide_%2853334628181%29.jpg/330px-Reminding_Keir_Starmer_that_he%27s_could_be_complicit_in_genocide_%2853334628181%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Reminding_Keir_Starmer_that_he%27s_could_be_complicit_in_genocide_%2853334628181%29.jpg/440px-Reminding_Keir_Starmer_that_he%27s_could_be_complicit_in_genocide_%2853334628181%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5697" data-file-height="5435" /></a><figcaption>Protestor holding a sign claiming the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">UK Labour Party</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Keir Starmer</a> supports genocide</figcaption></figure> On 12 December 2023, <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> said that <a href="/wiki/UK_arms_export" title="UK arms export">selling weapons to Israel</a> could make the UK complicit in war crimes. UK law says that licences cannot be granted where there is a clear risk that the items might be used to commit or facilitate a serious violation of international humanitarian law, for example a complete siege of Gaza or indiscriminate shelling of civilians.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAhmed2023-465">[451]</a> The human rights groups <a href="/wiki/Al-Haq" title="Al-Haq">Al-Haq</a> and Global Legal Action Network have applied for judicial review of the government's export licences for the sale of British weapons capable of being used in Israel's action in Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbdul2023-466">[452]</a> Additionally, <a href="/wiki/James_Denselow" title="James Denselow">James Denselow</a>, Head of Conflict and Humanitarian at <a href="/wiki/Save_the_Children_UK" class="mw-redirect" title="Save the Children UK">Save the Children UK</a>, said, "By failing to push for a permanent end to the fighting or speak out against the weaponisation of aid, Rishi Sunak and his government are complicit in the horror that is unfolding."<a href="#cite_note-467">[453]</a> In December, Scottish First Minister <a href="/wiki/Humza_Yousaf" title="Humza Yousaf">Humza Yousaf</a> condemned the UK's abstention from a draft UN resolution calling for a ceasefire in Gaza, saying this would lead to the deaths of more children.<a href="#cite_note-468">[454]</a> In April 2024, <a href="/wiki/Guy_Goodwin-Gill" title="Guy Goodwin-Gill">Guy Goodwin-Gill</a> said: "There is a serious risk of genocide, as the International Court of Justice has found. If the UK, with that knowledge in mind, carries on exporting arms to Israel, there is a risk that those arms will be used in the conduct of aggressive activities and in the conduct of genocide."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdlerNajjar2024-469">[455]</a> The same month, more than 600 lawyers and legal academics, including <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Sumption" class="mw-redirect" title="Jonathan Sumption">Jonathan Sumption</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brenda_Hale,_Baroness_Hale_of_Richmond" title="Brenda Hale, Baroness Hale of Richmond">Brenda Hale</a>, published a legal opinion warning that the government risked complicity in genocide by continuing to arm Israel.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELawless2024-470">[456]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown2024-471">[457]</a> The opinion was eventually signed by 1,101 lawyers.<a href="#cite_note-472">[458]</a> On 2 September 2024, British foreign secretary <a href="/wiki/David_Lammy" title="David Lammy">David Lammy</a> announced that the UK was suspending approximately 30 arms export licenses, including aircraft and drone components, to Israel after a government review concluded that there was a high risk that these exports were being used for severe violations of international humanitarian law.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECecil2024-473">[459]</a>> At the time of the suspension, Israel had around 350 arms export licenses in the UK.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFisher2024-474">[460]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Germany">Germany</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pro-Palestine_demonstration_in_Frankfurt_2024_(4).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Pro-Palestine_demonstration_in_Frankfurt_2024_%284%29.jpg/220px-Pro-Palestine_demonstration_in_Frankfurt_2024_%284%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Pro-Palestine_demonstration_in_Frankfurt_2024_%284%29.jpg/330px-Pro-Palestine_demonstration_in_Frankfurt_2024_%284%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Pro-Palestine_demonstration_in_Frankfurt_2024_%284%29.jpg/440px-Pro-Palestine_demonstration_in_Frankfurt_2024_%284%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7319" data-file-height="4753" /></a><figcaption>Demonstration in Frankfurt, where demonstrators are holding a banner that reads: "Stop the criminalisation of Palestinian resistance and solidarity"</figcaption></figure> In October 2023, political analyst and PhD candidate Lena Obermaier argued that Germany is complicit in Israel's war crimes against Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEObermaier2023-475">[461]</a> She detailed how most of Germany's most prominent news outlets have "been silent on Israeli genocidal policies in the past" and still are. She also highlighted police suppression of pro-Palestine protests throughout Germany<a href="#cite_note-476">[462]</a> as evidence of state complicity.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEObermaier2023-475">[461]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Anti-antisemitism_in_Germany#Creation_of_antisemitism_commissioners" title="Anti-antisemitism in Germany">Germany's Federal Commissioner for the Fight against Antisemitism</a>, accusing Israel of genocide is antisemitic.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKuras2023-477">[463]</a> Publicly accusing Israel of genocide can lead to arrest in Germany, even when the accusers are Jewish or Israeli.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVaroufakis2024-478">[464]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrankfurter_Rundschau2024-479">[465]</a> In February 2024, a criminal complaint was filed in German courts accusing various senior politicians of complicity in genocide.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchaer2024-422">[409]</a> In March, <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua_v._Germany" title="Nicaragua v. Germany">Nicaragua sued Germany for complicity at the ICJ</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mee-2024-1-1-424">[411]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Statements_by_political_organisations_and_governments">Statements by political organisations and governments</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_leaders_and_governments">World leaders and governments</h3></div> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:International_recognition_of_Gaza_genocide.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/International_recognition_of_Gaza_genocide.svg/504px-International_recognition_of_Gaza_genocide.svg.png" decoding="async" width="504" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/International_recognition_of_Gaza_genocide.svg/756px-International_recognition_of_Gaza_genocide.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/International_recognition_of_Gaza_genocide.svg/1008px-International_recognition_of_Gaza_genocide.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2754" data-file-height="1398" /></a><figcaption>Positions of national governments on whether Israel is committing genocide in the Gaza war<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Agree</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Disagree</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Unclear</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Defer to the ruling in the <a href="/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice" title="International Court of Justice">ICJ</a> case <a href="/wiki/South_Africa%27s_genocide_case_against_Israel" title="South Africa's genocide case against Israel">South Africa v. Israel</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  No data</div></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1232966811">.mw-parser-output .hover-highlight tr:hover,.mw-parser-output .mw-datatable tr:hover{background-color:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff);color:var(--color-base,#333)}.mw-parser-output .mw-datatable{background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:var(--color-base,#333)}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1245300235">@media screen{.mw-parser-output .sticky-table-collapsible{margin-bottom:1em;margin-top:1em}.mw-parser-output .sticky-table-collapsible:not(.mw-collapsed) .sticky-table-scroll{max-height:75vh;max-width:max-content;min-width:50px;overflow-y:auto}.mw-parser-output .sticky-table-collapsible table{margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .sticky-table-collapsible table>caption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output 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.sticky-table-collapsible:not(.mw-collapsed) .mw-sticky-header>tfoot{position:static;bottom:auto}}@media all{.mw-parser-output .sticky-table-collapsible.mw-collapsed .sticky-table-scroll{max-height:none!important;max-width:none!important}}</style><div class="sticky-table-collapsible mw-collapsible" data-expandtext="enable" data-collapsetext="disable"><div class="sticky-table-scroll"> <table class="wikitable sortable mw-datatable sticky-table-head sticky-table-col1"> <caption>Country positions on recognition of genocide </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Country </th> <th>Recognition of genocide </th> <th>Statement </th> <th>References </th></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Afghanistan)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Afghanistan)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> condemned Israel's actions as genocide. </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-480">[466]</a><a href="#cite_note-481">[467]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td>In a speech before the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">UN General Assembly</a>, President <a href="/wiki/Abdelmadjid_Tebboune" title="Abdelmadjid Tebboune">Abdelmadjid Tebboune</a> asked "[W]here is the global conscience that has become absent regarding the genocide being committed?" </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-482">[468]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /> <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Bangladesh)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Bangladesh)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> said that Israel was committing genocide against Palestinians. </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-483">[469]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> </td> <td style="background: #CEF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-success">Forthcoming </td> <td>Belgium has vowed to support the verdict of the ICJ in South Africa v. Israel. </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShankar2024-484">[470]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/34px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td>President <a href="/wiki/Luis_Arce" title="Luis Arce">Luis Arce</a> posted on <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">X</a> that he agreed with President Lula of Brazil concerning "the truth about the genocide that is being committed against the brave Palestinian people". </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl_Jazeera2024d-485">[471]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /> <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td>President <a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">Lula da Silva</a> condemned Israel's actions as genocide, saying: "What's happening in the Gaza Strip with the Palestinian people hasn't happened at any other moment in history. Actually, it has happened: when Hitler decided to kill the Jews." </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerdélio2023-486">[472]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl_Jazeera2024b-487">[473]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAssi2024-309">[297]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> </td> <td style="background: #CEF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-success">Forthcoming </td> <td>Prime minister <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a> and Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Melanie_Joly" class="mw-redirect" title="Melanie Joly">Melanie Joly</a> neither endorsed nor rejected South Africa's case against Israel. Joly said she would watch the case "very closely" and <a href="/wiki/Global_Affairs_Canada" title="Global Affairs Canada">Global Affairs Canada</a> promised to abide by any decision the court reaches. </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDyer2024-488">[474]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td>President <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Boric" title="Gabriel Boric">Gabriel Boric</a> has condemned both Hamas and Israel's actions in Gaza, saying he refuses to choose between "the terrorism of Hamas and the genocide that Israel is carrying out in Palestine". Chile has also joined a genocide case against Israel at the International Court of Justice. </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEInfobae2024-489">[475]</a><a href="#cite_note-490">[476]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td>President <a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Petro" title="Gustavo Petro">Gustavo Petro</a> posted on X in Spanish: "It's called genocide, they do it to remove the Palestinian people from Gaza and take it over. The head of the state who carries out this genocide is a criminal against humanity. Their allies cannot talk about democracy." On 29 February 2024, Petro announced the country would cease importing Israeli arms in the wake of the <a href="/wiki/Flour_massacre" title="Flour massacre">Flour massacre</a>. </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl_Jazeera2023e-491">[477]</a><a href="#cite_note-492">[478]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERueda2023-493">[479]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td>On 11 January 2024 the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Cuba)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Cuba)">Cuban Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> expressed support for South Africa's case at the ICJ, and on 31 March 2024, president <a href="/wiki/Miguel_Diaz-Canel" class="mw-redirect" title="Miguel Diaz-Canel">Miguel Diaz-Canel</a> stated that "Cuba demands that the genocide stop now." </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECuban_Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs2024-494">[480]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPowerRasheedUras2024-495">[481]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/23px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/35px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/45px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td>President <a href="/wiki/Isma%C3%AFl_Omar_Guelleh" title="Ismaïl Omar Guelleh">Ismaïl Omar Guelleh</a> said that Palestinians were being subjected to genocide during the war. </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-496">[482]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td>Egypt registered to formally support South Africa's case, following Israel's seizure of the <a href="/wiki/Rafah_Border_Crossing" title="Rafah Border Crossing">Rafah Border Crossing</a>. </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYeeMekayKershner2024-497">[483]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrance_242024b-498">[484]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>Former <a href="/wiki/Ministry_for_Europe_and_Foreign_Affairs_(France)" title="Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs (France)">Foreign Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_S%C3%A9journ%C3%A9" title="Stéphane Séjourné">Stéphane Séjourné</a> rejected the accusation of genocide on 17 January 2024, saying, "Accusing the Jewish state of genocide crosses a moral threshold." France's <a href="/wiki/Permanent_Representative_of_France_to_the_United_Nations" title="Permanent Representative of France to the United Nations">UN Ambassador</a> <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_de_Rivi%C3%A8re" title="Nicolas de Rivière">Nicolas de Rivière</a> had previously said that France would "see what [the ICJ] decide on this matter and we'll make sure that we'll support the outcome of the decision." </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBreeden2024-499">[485]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAhram_Online2024-500">[486]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>Government spokesman <a href="/w/index.php?title=Steffen_Hebestreit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Steffen Hebestreit (page does not exist)">Steffen Hebestreit</a> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steffen_Hebestreit" class="extiw" title="de:Steffen Hebestreit">de</a>] rejected the genocide accusation. </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMagidSharon2024-501">[487]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td>President <a href="/wiki/Irfaan_Ali" title="Irfaan Ali">Mohamed Irfaan Ali</a> has called Israel's actions "nothing short of genocide". </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_St._Kitts-Nevis_Observer2024-502">[488]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/23px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/35px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/46px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td>In a speech before the UN General Assembly on 25 September 2024, President <a href="/wiki/Xiomara_Castro" title="Xiomara Castro">Xiomara Castro</a> called for "an end to the genocide in Gaza". </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEColchen2024-503">[489]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9ter_Szijj%C3%A1rt%C3%B3" title="Péter Szijjártó">Péter Szijjártó</a> described the genocide accusation as "nonsense". </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELazaroff2024b-504">[490]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td>Speaking before the UN General Assembly on 23 September 2024, then Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Retno_Marsudi" title="Retno Marsudi">Retno Marsudi</a> said that "the ongoing genocide by Israel must be stopped immediately". </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarsudi2024-505">[491]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /> <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td>Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Hossein_Amir-Abdollahian" title="Hossein Amir-Abdollahian">Hossein Amir-Abdollahian</a> condemned Israel's actions as genocide. </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsharq_Al-Awsat2023-506">[492]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td>On 8 May 2024, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Shia%27_Al_Sudani" title="Mohammed Shia' Al Sudani">Mohammed Shia' Al Sudani</a> said that Israel's war in Gaza is tantamount to genocide. </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-507">[493]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td>On 7 November 2024, the <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann" title="Dáil Éireann">Dáil Éireann</a> passed a non-binding motion stating that "genocide is being perpetrated before our eyes by Israel in Gaza". On 11 December Ireland announced that it was joining South Africa's ICJ case against Israel and would be filing its briefs with the court before the end of the year. </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESherlock2024-508">[494]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeahy2024-509">[495]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>In an interview on 11 January 2024, Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Tajani" title="Antonio Tajani">Antonio Tajani</a> said that, while Israel has targeted civilians during the war in Gaza, "genocide is something else". </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEANSA_Editorial2024-510">[496]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td>Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Ayman_Safadi" title="Ayman Safadi">Ayman Safadi</a> said that Israel's actions met the legal definition of genocide. </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl-Khalidi2024-511">[497]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td>On 18 March 2024, <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a>'s government called on Israel and the U.S. to stop the "madness and the genocide" in Gaza. </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaisalov2024-512">[498]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2880" data-file-height="1920" /> <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td>Prime minister <a href="/wiki/Najib_Mikati" title="Najib Mikati">Najib Mikati</a> expressed concern "with the ongoing genocide against the Palestinians". </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-513">[499]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td>In May 2024, Libya filed a declaration of intervention in South Africa's genocide case against Israel as it believes that Israel is committing genocide. </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPulido2024-514">[500]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td>Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Anwar_Ibrahim" title="Anwar Ibrahim">Anwar Ibrahim</a> condemned Israel's actions as genocide and associated the United States as being complicit. </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl_Jazeera2024h-515">[501]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/23px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/35px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/45px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td>On 24 September 2024, President <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Muizzu" title="Mohamed Muizzu">Mohamed Muizzu</a> said before the UN General Assembly that "the genocide by Israel in Gaza is a travesty of justice and the international system". </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl_Jazeera2024i-516">[502]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Mauritania" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Mauritania">government of Mauritania</a> condemned Israel's actions and called on the international community to "impose an immediate cessation of the genocide to which the Palestinian people are subjected". </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMauritanian_News_Agency2023-517">[503]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td>In January 2024, President <a href="/wiki/Hage_Geingob" title="Hage Geingob">Hage Geingob</a> of <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a> called Israel's actions in Gaza "genocidal and gruesome" and sharply criticised Germany's decision to back Israel in South Africa v. Israel, saying that Germany had an "inability to draw lessons from its horrific history", including the <a href="/wiki/Herero_and_Nama_genocide" title="Herero and Nama genocide">Herero and Nama Genocide</a> in <a href="/wiki/German_South_West_Africa" title="German South West Africa">German Southwest Africa</a>. </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERust2024-518">[504]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td>Nicaragua has condemned Israel's accusations as genocide and accused Germany of complicity by exchanging weapons to Israel. In October 2024, Nicaragua severed diplomatic ties with Israel after its <a href="/wiki/2024_Israeli_invasion_of_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Israeli invasion of Lebanon">invasion of Lebanon</a>, calling the Israeli government "fascist" and "genocidal", and Netanyahu "the son of <a href="/wiki/The_Devil" class="mw-redirect" title="The Devil">the Devil</a>". </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESharp2024-519">[505]</a><a href="#cite_note-520">[506]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETico_Times2024-521">[507]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td>A <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(North_Korea)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (North Korea)">foreign ministry</a> spokesman said a bombing of a hospital during the war "show[ed] that the U.S. is an accomplice who connived at and fostered Israel's genocide". </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-522">[508]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /> <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> </td> <td style="background: #CEF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-success">Forthcoming </td> <td>On 2 September 2024, Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Espen_Barth_Eide" title="Espen Barth Eide">Espen Barth Eide</a> said, "We welcome the use of the ICJ, but leave to the court to assess whether the accusation of genocide is correct." </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENorsk_Telegrambyrå2024-523">[509]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/35px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/46px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Ministry_(Oman)" title="Foreign Ministry (Oman)">Foreign Ministry</a> condemned Israel's actions as genocide. </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-524">[510]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td>Foreign minister <a href="/wiki/Jalil_Abbas_Jilani" title="Jalil Abbas Jilani">Jalil Abbas Jilani</a> condemned Israel's actions as genocide. </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDawn2023-525">[511]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/46px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Palestine" title="Palestine">Palestine</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td>President <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Abbas" title="Mahmoud Abbas">Mahmoud Abbas</a> condemned Israel's actions as genocide. <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Ambassador_to_the_United_Nations" title="Palestinian Ambassador to the United Nations">Palestinian Ambassador to the United Nations</a> <a href="/wiki/Riyad_Mansour" title="Riyad Mansour">Riyad Mansour</a> said Israel's bombardment and siege of Gaza were "nothing less than genocidal". </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMohamedNajjarStepansky2023-526">[512]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENichols2023-527">[513]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/46px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="660" /> <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>In a statement on 10 January 2024, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs rejected the accusations of genocide presented against Israel at the ICJ. </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAgencia_de_Información_Paraguaya2024-528">[514]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/46px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="550" /> <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Qatar)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Qatar)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> called on the UN Security Council "to take urgent action to prevent the Israeli occupation forces from storming Rafah and committing genocide in" Rafah. Qatari emir <a href="/wiki/Tamim_bin_Hamad_Al_Thani" title="Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani">Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani</a> said Israel had committed "a crime of genocide". </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlsaafinSiddiqui2024-529">[515]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMagid2024-530">[516]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td>On 11 January 2024, the Prime Minister's office released a statement of support for South Africa's case against Israel at the ICJ, calling on the court to adopt provisional measures in order to "prevent any further acts of genocide against the Palestinian people". The statement also called on other countries to stop providing material support to Israel, accusing those who continue to do so of being "complicit in genocide before our very eyes". </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrime_Minister_of_St._Vincent_and_the_Grenadines2024-531">[517]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Saudi_Arabia)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Saudi Arabia)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> condemned the "continued genocidal massacres against the Palestinian people at the hands of the Israeli war machine". </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArab_News2024-532">[518]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td>Prime minister <a href="/wiki/Ousmane_Sonko" title="Ousmane Sonko">Ousmane Sonko</a> condemned Israel's actions as genocide and accused other countries of complicity. </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl_Nassim2024-533">[519]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Somalia)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Somalia)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> urged "swift action to halt Gaza genocide by Israel". </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESomalian_Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs2024-534">[520]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td>South African president <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Ramaphosa" title="Cyril Ramaphosa">Cyril Ramaphosa</a> said, "The fact that Palestinian deaths are not solely caused by bombardment and ground attacks, but also by disease and starvation, indicates a need to protect the group's right to exist". </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECorderFederman2024-535">[521]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> </td> <td style="background: #CEF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-success">Forthcoming </td> <td>Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Manuel_Albares" title="José Manuel Albares">José Manuel Albares</a> stated "Whether this is genocide or not, that is for the <a href="/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice" title="International Court of Justice">[World] court</a> to decide, and Spain of course will support its decision." Several individual government ministers have publicly called Israel's warfare in Gaza genocide, including Second Deputy Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Yolanda_D%C3%ADaz" title="Yolanda Díaz">Yolanda Díaz</a>, Defence Minister <a href="/wiki/Margarita_Robles" title="Margarita Robles">Margarita Robles</a>, Youth Minister <a href="/wiki/Sira_Rego" title="Sira Rego">Sira Rego</a>, and former Social Affairs Minister <a href="/wiki/Ione_Belarra" title="Ione Belarra">Ione Belarra</a>. </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-536">[522]</a><a href="#cite_note-537">[523]</a><a href="#cite_note-538">[524]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td>Then president <a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a> condemned Israel's actions as genocide. </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-539">[525]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td>According to <a href="/wiki/Wafa" title="Wafa">WAFA</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Tunisia)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Tunisia)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> demanded an end to Israel's "war of genocide" in May 2024. </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-540">[526]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td>President <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a> condemned Israel's actions as "amounting to genocide". On 9 February 2024, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkish</a> Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Hakan_Fidan" title="Hakan Fidan">Hakan Fidan</a> said that the international community's silence on Israel's actions in Gaza were "complicity in genocide". </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGumrukcuKarakas2023-541">[527]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlsaafinOsgood2024a-542">[528]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Foreign,_Commonwealth_and_Development_Office" title="Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office">Foreign Office</a> dismissed the accusation of genocide against Israel. Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Keir Starmer</a> refused to call Israel's actions in Gaza "genocide". </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-543">[529]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrawn2024b-544">[530]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td>Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Antony_Blinken" title="Antony Blinken">Antony Blinken</a> dismissed the genocide accusation as "meritless". President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> dismissed the accusation of genocide against Israel. </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMitchell2024-545">[531]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchneiderHaberkornStokols2024-546">[532]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a> </td> <td style="background: #FF8; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-maybe">Unclear </td> <td>In November 2023, several witnesses to a speech by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a> said that he called Israel's actions a genocide, but a Vatican spokesman denied this. Francis later called for an investigation "to determine whether it fits into the technical definition [of genocide] formulated by jurists and international bodies". </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-547">[533]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl_Jazeera2024k-548">[534]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/23px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/35px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/45px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td>President <a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro" title="Nicolás Maduro">Nicolás Maduro</a> condemned Israel's actions as genocide. </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-549">[535]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/45px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes </td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Yemen)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Yemen)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> condemned Israel's actions as "war crimes and genocide". </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-550">[536]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div> On 17 February, <a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a> president <a href="/wiki/Moussa_Faki" title="Moussa Faki">Moussa Faki</a> said: "Gaza is being completely annihilated and its people are deprived of all their rights. We denounce the Israeli operation, which has no parallel in the history of humanity."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarsiSiddiqui2024a-551">[537]</a> In March 2024, the EU's top diplomat, <a href="/wiki/Josep_Borrell" title="Josep Borrell">Josep Borrell</a>, told the U.S. Secretary of State, "The very survival of the population in Gaza is at stake today."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESiddiqui2024a-552">[538]</a> On 26 March, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_and_the_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Pakistan and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Pakistan's OIC representative</a> said that Israel's desire for a "final solution to the Palestinian question is plain for all to see, as its forces encircle Rafah like vultures and its ravenous land grab continues unabated".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarsiSiddiqui2024c-553">[539]</a> In May 2024, the <a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Organisation of Islamic Cooperation</a> called on member states to end "the export of weapons and ammunition used by its army to perpetrate the crime of genocide in Gaza".<a href="#cite_note-554">[540]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Civil_servants_and_elected_representatives">Civil servants and elected representatives</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_US_officials_resigned_over_Biden%27s_support_for_Israel_in_Gaza_war" class="mw-redirect" title="List of US officials resigned over Biden's support for Israel in Gaza war">List of US officials resigned over Biden's support for Israel in Gaza war</a></div> On 2 February 2024, it was reported that more than 800 civil servants from the U.S., U.K., and the European Union, including many senior officials, had signed an open letter criticising their governments' "public, diplomatic and military support" of Israel as "given without real conditions or accountability", and warning that their governments' policies on Gaza "are contributing to grave violations of international law, war crimes and even ethnic cleansing or genocide".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPopli2024-555">[541]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBateman2024a-556">[542]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECommonspace2024-557">[543]</a> On 5 April 2024, <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">Elizabeth Warren</a> became the first <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">senator from the United States</a>, Israel's closest military ally,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl_Jazeera2023f-558">[544]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAikman2024-559">[545]</a> to publicly say that the assault on Gaza would be legally ruled a genocide.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESamuels2024b-560">[546]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarrity2024-561">[547]</a> According to her office, Warren was expressing a legal analysis rather than her personal view.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPuzzanghera2024-562">[548]</a> U.S. Representative <a href="/wiki/Ilhan_Omar" title="Ilhan Omar">Ilhan Omar</a> said that she feared the U.S. government and its citizens were "going to be complicit in genocide".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGroves2024-563">[549]</a> In May 2024, Senator <a href="/wiki/Fatima_Payman" title="Fatima Payman">Fatima Payman</a> became the first member of the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party" title="Australian Labor Party">Australian Labor Party</a> to call Israel's actions a genocide, saying, "This is a genocide and we need to stop pretending otherwise."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHurst2024-564">[550]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="NGOs_and_intergovernmental_organisations">NGOs and intergovernmental organisations</h3></div> After Israel started its military operation against Hamas, both <a href="/wiki/Genocide_Watch" class="mw-redirect" title="Genocide Watch">Genocide Watch</a> and the Lemkin Institute for Genocide Prevention issued statements warning of the imminent risk of genocide.<a href="#cite_note-565">[551]</a><a href="#cite_note-566">[552]</a> In December 2023, the Lemkin Institute said that it viewed Israel's continuing actions as genocide.<a href="#cite_note-567">[553]</a> In December 2024, Genocide Watch said that Israel was conducting genocide against the Palestinian people.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECondonCondonHarrisStanton2024-568">[554]</a> In November 2023, <a href="/wiki/Defence_for_Children_International" title="Defence for Children International">Defence for Children International</a> (DCI) accused the U.S. of complicity in Israel's "crime of genocide".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMohamedStepanskyNajjar2023-569">[555]</a> In March 2024, DCI addressed the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip_famine" title="Gaza Strip famine">famine affecting Gaza</a>: "The starvation of children is a hallmark of genocide and a deliberate political choice by Israel, backed by the Biden administration."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMotamediSiddiqui2024a-570">[556]</a> Three Palestinian rights groups, <a href="/wiki/Al-Haq" title="Al-Haq">Al-Haq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al_Mezan_Center_for_Human_Rights" title="Al Mezan Center for Human Rights">Al Mezan</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Centre_for_Human_Rights" title="Palestinian Centre for Human Rights">Palestinian Centre for Human Rights</a>, filed a lawsuit with the International Criminal Court (ICC) urging it to investigate Israel for apartheid and genocide and issue arrest warrants for Israeli leaders.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl_Jazeera2023g-571">[557]</a> In a statement commemorating <a href="/wiki/Land_Day" title="Land Day">Land Day</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Parliament" title="Arab Parliament">Arab Parliament</a> wrote that Israel "aims to destroy the identity of an entire people".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuillenUrasMarsi2024-572">[558]</a> In December 2023, the <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_for_Human_Rights" title="International Federation for Human Rights">International Federation for Human Rights</a> said Israel's actions in Gaza constituted an unfolding genocide.<a href="#cite_note-573">[559]</a> In February 2024, ahead of Israel's announced <a href="/wiki/Rafah_offensive" title="Rafah offensive">military assault</a> on <a href="/wiki/Rafah" title="Rafah">Rafah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> head <a href="/wiki/Agnes_Callamard" class="mw-redirect" title="Agnes Callamard">Agnes Callamard</a> wrote: "Amnesty is reiterating that Palestinians in Gaza are at grave risk of genocide. The international community has an obligation to act to prevent genocide."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlsaafinOsgood2024b-574">[560]</a> In March 2024, Callamard said the international community "must uphold their obligations under the Genocide Convention and take concrete measures to protect Palestinians in Gaza today".<a href="#cite_note-575">[561]</a> In October 2024, <a href="/wiki/Medical_Aid_for_Palestinians" title="Medical Aid for Palestinians">Medical Aid for Palestinians</a> released a statement calling for the protection of Palestinians against potential genocide that said, "Gaza is being erased in front of our eyes."<a href="#cite_note-576">[562]</a> Later that month, <a href="/wiki/Oxfam" title="Oxfam">Oxfam</a> and 37 other humanitarian organisations warned that Israel was failing to comply with Article II of the Genocide Convention as it wiped Northern Gaza "off the map".<a href="#cite_note-577">[563]</a> Oxfam added that it was "impossible not to believe" that Israel's aim was the forced displacement of Palestinians from the Gaza Strip.<a href="#cite_note-578">[564]</a> <a href="/wiki/Euro-Mediterranean_Human_Rights_Monitor" title="Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Monitor">Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Monitor</a> documented evidence of executions committed by the IDF.<a href="#cite_note-MEE-2023-12-26-579">[565]</a> It submitted the evidence and documentation to the <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court" title="International Criminal Court">International Criminal Court</a> and the U.N. special rapporteur.<a href="#cite_note-MEE-2023-12-26-579">[565]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Voice_for_Peace" title="Jewish Voice for Peace">Jewish Voice for Peace</a> said: "The Israeli government has declared a genocidal war on the people of Gaza. As an organization that works for a future where Palestinians and Israelis and all people live in equality and freedom, we call on all people of conscience to stop imminent genocide of Palestinians."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJewish_Voice_for_Peace2023-580">[566]</a> On 5 December 2024, Amnesty International concluded its investigation into Gaza and issued a 296-page report declaring that Israel had "committed and is continuing to commit genocide against Palestinians in the occupied Gaza Strip".<a href="#cite_note-581">[567]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBashir2024-582">[568]</a><a href="#cite_note-Amnesty_International_Dec_2024-39">[34]</a> The report, using evidence gathered over nine months, asserted that in multiple instances Israeli forces and government authorities had committed three of five acts prohibited under the United Nations' Genocide Convention, "namely killing, causing serious bodily or mental harm, and deliberately inflicting on Palestinians in Gaza conditions of life calculated to bring about their physical destruction" with the "specific intent to destroy Palestinians".<a href="#cite_note-583">[569]</a> Law professor and senior fellow of the <a href="/wiki/Foundation_for_Defense_of_Democracies" title="Foundation for Defense of Democracies">Foundation for Defense of Democracies</a> <a href="/wiki/Orde_Kittrie" title="Orde Kittrie">Orde Kittrie</a> claimed that Amnesty had altered or otherwise made up a new definition of genocide,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKittrie2024-584">[570]</a> while law professor Amichai Cohen and human rights scholar <a href="/wiki/Yuval_Shany" title="Yuval Shany">Yuval Shany</a> called the report an "attempt to move the normative goalposts regarding these evidentiary standards".<a href="#cite_note-585">[571]</a> Other experts defended the report, telling <a href="/wiki/TheJournal.ie" title="TheJournal.ie">TheJournal.ie</a> that Amnesty was using the term consistently with international law. Genocide scholar A. Dirk Moses called the accusation against Amnesty International "vexatious".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacRedmond2024-586">[572]</a> The Israeli branch of Amnesty International rejected the report and a "group of Jewish employees, in Israel and in several branches around the world" said that its authors "reached a predetermined conclusion". A minority of Amnesty Israel members said that "according to the available information, it can be determined that Israel is committing or has committed genocide in Gaza".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESharonMagid2024-587">[573]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKashti2024-588">[574]</a> In January 2025, Amnesty International suspended its Israeli branch for two years, in part because of disagreements about research and findings Amnesty published.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFink2025-589">[575]</a> On 10 December 2024, the <a href="/wiki/European_Center_for_Constitutional_and_Human_Rights" title="European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights">European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights</a> announced that it had been investigating the question of genocide in Gaza and concluded that there was a "legally sound argument that Israel is committing genocide against the Palestinians in Gaza".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEECCHR2024-590">[576]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_Nations">United Nations</h4></div> In November 2023, a group of UN special rapporteurs wrote, "We remain convinced that the Palestinian people are at grave risk of genocide."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENajjarStepansky2023-591">[577]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENareaSamuel2023-305">[293]</a> UN Special Rapporteur on the Human Rights to Safe Drinking Water and Sanitation <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Arrojo-Agudo" title="Pedro Arrojo-Agudo">Pedro Arrojo</a> said that based on article 7 of the <a href="/wiki/Rome_Statute" title="Rome Statute">Rome Statute</a>, which counts "deprivation of access to food or medicine, among others" as a form of extermination, "even if there is no clear intention, the data show that the war is heading towards genocide".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStacey2023-592">[578]</a> A group of U.N. human rights experts said there was "evidence of increasing genocidal incitement" against Palestinians.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReuters2023b-593">[579]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOHCHR2023-594">[580]</a> In response to a January 2024 <a href="/wiki/Times_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Times of Israel">Times of Israel</a> report that the Israeli government was in talks with the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Congolese</a> government to take Palestinian refugees from Gaza, U.N. special rapporteur Balakrishnan Rajagopal said, "Forcible transfer of Gazan population is an act of genocide."<a href="#cite_note-595">[581]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarb2024a-596">[582]</a> In May 2024, <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Special_Rapporteur_on_Violence_Against_Women" title="United Nations Special Rapporteur on Violence Against Women">UN Special Rapporteur on Violence Against Women</a> <a href="/wiki/Reem_Alsalem" title="Reem Alsalem">Reem Alsalem</a> said that Palestinian women "are experiencing a full-blown genocide. They are being exterminated. There are few places in the world where we've seen something like this."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESiddiqui2024b-597">[583]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiddle_East_Monitor2025-598">[584]</a> The UNHCR Special Rapporteur on adequate housing, Balakrishnan Rajagopal, said that Israel's destruction of Gaza "constitutes an act of genocide as well because the purpose of that destruction, exceeding 70 to 80 percent across Gaza, is to make the place uninhabitable for the people of Gaza".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERowlandsRasheedAdlerKhalid2024-599">[585]</a> In October 2024, the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Human_Rights" title="Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights">Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights</a> released a report that accused the Israeli military of "the crime against humanity of extermination" for <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_health_workers_in_the_Gaza_war" title="Killing of health workers in the Gaza war">killing health workers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_health_facilities_during_the_Gaza_war" title="Attacks on health facilities during the Gaza war">targeting health facilities</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOHCHR2024d-600">[586]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReuters2024-601">[587]</a> On 8 November 2024, the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Human_Rights" title="Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights">United Nations human rights office</a> condemned many violations of international law that "could amount to war crimes, crimes against humanity and possibly even 'genocide'", calling on third states to prevent "atrocity crimes".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENews_Wires2024-602">[588]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOHCHR2024e-603">[589]</a> On 14 November 2024, the <a href="/wiki/Special_Committee_to_Investigate_Israeli_Practices_Affecting_the_Human_Rights_of_the_Palestinian_People" title="Special Committee to Investigate Israeli Practices Affecting the Human Rights of the Palestinian People">UN Special Committee to investigate Israeli practices</a> published a report for presentation to the UN General Assembly, concluding that Israeli practices in Gaza are consistent with the characteristics of genocide.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOHCHR2024f-604">[590]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl_Jazeera2024j-605">[591]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOHCHR2024c-606">[592]</a> A December 2024 <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9decins_Sans_Fronti%C3%A8res" title="Médecins Sans Frontières">Médecins Sans Frontières</a> report said their "firsthand observations of the medical and humanitarian catastrophe inflicted on Gaza are consistent with the descriptions provided by an increasing number of legal experts and organisations concluding that genocide is taking place in Gaza."<a href="#cite_note-607">[593]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESecurity_Council_Report2024-608">[594]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_discourse">Cultural discourse</h2></div> Various public figures have said Israel is committing genocide in Gaza, including <a href="/wiki/Kid_Cudi" title="Kid Cudi">Kid Cudi</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeara2023-609">[595]</a> <a href="/wiki/Macklemore" title="Macklemore">Macklemore</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIasimone2023-610">[596]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Summer_Walker" title="Summer Walker">Summer Walker</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoormanRobinson2023-611">[597]</a> <a href="/wiki/Melissa_Barrera" title="Melissa Barrera">Melissa Barrera</a> was <a href="/wiki/Melissa_Barrera#Scream_VII_firing" title="Melissa Barrera">fired</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Scream_(franchise)" title="Scream (franchise)">Scream</a> franchise for reposting on social media an article accusing Israel of genocide.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStern2023-612">[598]</a> <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> mentioned Barrera's firing in the context of a "growing divide" within Hollywood over the war.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEwe2023-613">[599]</a> Raz Segal's "textbook genocide" verdict has been quoted approvingly by climate activist <a href="/wiki/Greta_Thunberg" title="Greta Thunberg">Greta Thunberg</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThunberg2023-614">[600]</a> and BBC football presenter <a href="/wiki/Gary_Lineker" title="Gary Lineker">Gary Lineker</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPercival2023-615">[601]</a> In December 2023, <a href="/wiki/Olly_Alexander" title="Olly Alexander">Olly Alexander</a>, who represented the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2024" title="United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 2024">United Kingdom</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2024" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2024">Eurovision Song Contest 2024</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPenna2023a-616">[602]</a> signed a letter by the LGBT association Voices4London that accuses Israel of genocide against the Palestinians.<a href="#cite_note-617">[603]</a> The Israeli government and the <a href="/wiki/Campaign_Against_Antisemitism" title="Campaign Against Antisemitism">Campaign Against Antisemitism</a> (CAA) condemned his views and asked the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> not to allow him to perform at the contest. The BBC rejected Israel's request to cut ties with Alexander over his views.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPenna2023b-618">[604]</a> When asked whether what is happening in Gaza is a genocide, Russian-American author <a href="/wiki/Masha_Gessen" title="Masha Gessen">Masha Gessen</a> said, "I think there are some fine distinctions between genocide and ethnic cleansing and I think that there are valid arguments for using both terms."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGessen2023b-619">[605]</a> When pressed further, they said, "it is at the very least ethnic cleansing". <a href="/wiki/Masha_Gessen#Award_controversy" title="Masha Gessen">Controversy</a> surrounded Gessen's reception of the <a href="/wiki/Hannah_Arendt_Prize" title="Hannah Arendt Prize">Hannah Arendt Prize</a> over remarks in a <a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">New Yorker</a> article critical of Israeli actions in Gaza in which Gessen compared them to Nazis liquidating an Eastern European ghetto.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGessen2023a-620">[606]</a> At the <a href="/wiki/96th_Academy_Awards" title="96th Academy Awards">96th Academy Awards</a>, after accepting the award for <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_International_Feature_Film" title="Academy Award for Best International Feature Film">Best International Feature Film</a> for <a href="/wiki/The_Zone_of_Interest_(film)" title="The Zone of Interest (film)">The Zone of Interest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Glazer" title="Jonathan Glazer">Jonathan Glazer</a> drew parallels between the depiction of the Holocaust in his film and Israel's ongoing bombardment and siege of Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPulverShoard2024-621">[607]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELi2024-622">[608]</a> Journalist <a href="/wiki/Naomi_Klein" title="Naomi Klein">Naomi Klein</a> expanded on the parallels between Gaza and the film's depiction of the Holocaust, highlighting the normalisation of genocidal action.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlein2024-623">[609]</a> Nobel Peace Prize winner <a href="/wiki/Malala_Yousafzai" title="Malala Yousafzai">Malala Yousafzai</a> said: "When we see alarming signs of genocide, we cannot wait to take decisive action. We must work together to urge our leaders to stop these war crimes and hold perpetrators to account."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIrwin2024-624">[610]</a> Nobel Peace Prize winner <a href="/wiki/Tawakkol_Karman" title="Tawakkol Karman">Tawakkol Karman</a> said, "The world is silent in front of the genocide and the ethnic cleansing of the Palestinian people in Gaza."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalmer2024-625">[611]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media_discourse">Media discourse</h3></div> The case against Israel in the ICJ has drawn some criticism from publications and individuals who argue that claims that Israel is committing genocide in Gaza cheapen the term and undermine its serious nature as defined by the UN Genocide Convention.<a href="#cite_note-economist-ICJ-626">[612]</a><a href="#cite_note-627">[613]</a> In January 2024, <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a> argued that South Africa's charge of genocide against Israel at the ICJ weakens the legal definition of genocide and diverts focus from the actual humanitarian crisis in Gaza, calling it "a mockery of the ICJ". It emphasized that Israel's actions, while destructive, are aimed at Hamas militants rather than targeting Palestinians for their ethnicity. The article criticized South Africa's legal case as politically motivated, warning that such claims undermine genuine efforts to prevent genocide. It added that the court's potential rulings could overshadow legitimate concerns about breaches of international war laws. "Genocide requires that Israel is killing people in Gaza simply for being Palestinian", The Economist wrote, adding that Israel is instead targeting Hamas fighters.<a href="#cite_note-economist-ICJ-626">[612]</a> In a 12 January 2024 <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a> interview, former US ambassador for war-crimes issues <a href="/wiki/David_Scheffer" title="David Scheffer">David Scheffer</a> acknowledged Israeli war crimes in Gaza and claimed that Israel was not committing genocide but "responding to a genocidal act in order to prevent further genocide against Israel".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurnettFoxShapiro2024-628">[614]</a> Writing for <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_Israel" title="The Times of Israel">The Times of Israel</a>, Jeremy Sharon claimed that Israel's actions are defensive responses to Hamas, characterizing calls for Gaza's destruction and other statements by Israeli officials (later found by the ICJ to be "incitement to genocide"<a href="#cite_note-Amnesty-International-2024-629">[615]</a>) as "intemperate comments of some of its political leaders".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESharon2024-630">[616]</a> Meanwhile, writer <a href="/wiki/Susan_Abulhawa" title="Susan Abulhawa">Susan Abulhawa</a> wrote about going to Gaza, stating, "Israel is committing the holocaust of our time."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbulhawa2024-631">[617]</a> Israeli media outlets like <a href="/wiki/Channel_12_(Israel)" title="Channel 12 (Israel)">Channel 12</a> and <a href="/wiki/Channel_14_(Israel)" title="Channel 14 (Israel)">Channel 14</a> have been accused of incitement to genocide.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMerzouguiRashed2024-285">[276]</a> In September 2024, <a href="/wiki/Zulat_for_Equality_and_Human_Rights" title="Zulat for Equality and Human Rights">Zulat for Equality and Human Rights</a> and two other Israeli organisations compiled a list of statements made on Channel 14, which included over 50 advocating for genocide against Palestinians and more than 150 calling for or supporting war crimes and crimes against humanity, including ethnic cleansing, mass expulsion and the use of starvation as a weapon of war, and submitted it to Israel's Attorney General. The channel frequently referred to Gazan civilians as terrorists and legitimate targets in its broadcasts and on social media, with its website displaying a statistic labeled "the number of terrorists we've eliminated", reflecting the total number of Palestinians reported killed by <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Health_Ministry" title="Gaza Health Ministry">Gaza's Health Ministry</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shimon_Riklin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shimon Riklin (page does not exist)">Shimon Riklin</a> [<a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9F_(%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A9_%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%AA)" class="extiw" title="he:שמעון ריקלין (איש תקשורת)">he</a>], a Channel 14 journalist and anchor, publicly advocated for Israel to commit more war crimes. This rhetoric has been referenced in <a href="/wiki/South_Africa%27s_genocide_case_against_Israel" title="South Africa's genocide case against Israel">South Africa's genocide case against Israel</a> at the <a href="/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice" title="International Court of Justice">International Court of Justice</a>.<a href="#cite_note-632">[618]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegal2023a-330">[318]</a> Various, mainly western, media and news outlets have been accused of complicity in genocide against Gaza through <a href="/wiki/Media_imperialism" title="Media imperialism">media imperialism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoallem2023542–543-633">[619]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQutami2023532-634">[620]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKhouri2023-635">[621]</a> Others have situated the biases of western media outlets within a long history of downplaying and excusing the oppression of Palestinians.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERothHuff2023-636">[622]</a> According to a report published by the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Council_of_Britain" title="Muslim Council of Britain">Muslim Council of Britain</a>'s Centre for Media Monitoring analysing the language used in coverage of the Israeli assault on Gaza, "occupied territories" appeared more often in <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera English</a>'s coverage than in all U.S. or U.K. news outlets combined, and that emotive language was 11 times more likely to be used in descriptions of Israeli victims than of Palestinian victims.<a href="#cite_note-637">[623]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHanif2024-638">[624]</a> On 14 March 2024, protesters blocked access to the offices of <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, accusing the paper of complicity in genocide.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaltz2024-639">[625]</a> Sultany highlights that, despite a preponderance of Israeli statements that amount to incitement to genocide, mainstream commentary has portrayed the destruction of Gaza as "an incidental outcome of urban warfare rather than the predictable outcome of a policy".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESultany20242-640">[626]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Israeli_public_opinion">Israeli public opinion</h3></div> A <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_University" title="Tel Aviv University">Tel Aviv University</a> poll of 502 Israeli Jews conducted during the second week of January 2024 found that 51% believed the IDF was using an appropriate amount of force in Gaza and 43% believed it was not using enough force.<a href="#cite_note-641">[627]</a><a href="#cite_note-642">[628]</a> In an <a href="/wiki/Israel_Democracy_Institute" title="Israel Democracy Institute">Israel Democracy Institute</a> survey of 510 Israeli citizens in early February, 68% of respondents supported preventing all international aid from entering Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHermannKaplan2024-643">[629]</a> In an interview with <a href="/wiki/The_New_Statesman" class="mw-redirect" title="The New Statesman">The New Statesman</a>, the Israeli journalist and author <a href="/wiki/Gideon_Levy" title="Gideon Levy">Gideon Levy</a>, a former aide and spokesman for <a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Shimon Peres</a> and longstanding writer for Haaretz who has reported on Israel's settlement policy for 35 years, said: "Israel is deteriorating horribly. The most important thing, and you mentioned it, is how unanimous it is. It's not only the right-wingers. You cannot even show some empathy to Gaza, to the suffering of Gaza, which Israel doesn't see at all. The average Israeli saw nothing [of what has unfolded in] Gaza, only the soldiers there see it. The bravery, the sacrifice, the hostages and families, this is shown nonstop, but not a single image of the suffering of two million people in Gaza. I think it's the darkest time of Israel, maybe ever."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaçãesLevy2024-644">[630]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Claims_of_antisemitism">Claims of antisemitism</h3></div> Antisemitism scholar Matthew Bolton has argued: "It cannot be antisemitic to carry out genuine investigations into potentially genocidal activity. But the speed and eagerness with which the genocide concept was settled upon as the most appropriate for describing Israel's actions in the war, rather than lesser charges of 'war crimes'—with the evidence often resting on mistranslated or incomplete statements by Israeli politicians, rather than the actual military campaign itself—coupled with the fact that, as noted above, the genocide concept had been used by anti-Israel movements long before the 2023–24 war, indicates that the choice of this concept was not one driven by dispassionate analysis."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2024-645">[631]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] Israeli ministers responded to the ICJ's genocide ruling by accusing the court of "antisemitic bias".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcKernan2024-406">[393]</a> <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Lerman" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthony Lerman">Anthony Lerman</a>, writing in <a href="/wiki/Declassified_UK" title="Declassified UK">Declassified UK</a>, pointed to this claim being echoed by some of Israel's supporters, noting the officials' "deployment of weaponised antisemitism to deflect criticism" and that "using past experience of anti-Jewish persecution to neutralise criticism of, and generate sympathy for, the Jewish state [...] is decades old."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELerman2024-646">[632]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimons2024-647">[633]</a> Netanyahu has frequently "compared accusations that Israel's war is causing starvation in Gaza or that the war is genocidal to blood libels"; critics say this is to deflect blame or for political ends.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldenberg2024b-648">[634]</a> Some argue that this is a <a href="/wiki/Weaponisation_of_antisemitism" class="mw-redirect" title="Weaponisation of antisemitism">weaponisation of antisemitism</a>, intended to shield Israel from such allegations.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELerman2024-646">[632]</a> <a href="/wiki/Raz_Segal" title="Raz Segal">Raz Segal</a> says that in calling anti-Israel protestors antisemitic, pro-Israel advocates "weaponize antisemitism" to "shield Israel from criticism of its attack on Gaza" that he and other scholars have said is a genocide.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESegal2024-649">[635]</a> On 15 December 2024, citing Ireland's decision to join South Africa's genocide case, Netanyahu ordered the closure of Israel's embassy in Ireland and Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Gideon_Sa%27ar" title="Gideon Sa'ar">Gideon Sa'ar</a> accused Taoiseach <a href="/wiki/Simon_Harris" title="Simon Harris">Simon Harris</a> of antisemitism. Harris said that Netanyahu was using the closure as "a ploy to distract attention from the thousands of children killed by his armed forces in Gaza" and a spokesperson said that Harris would not respond to "personalised and false attacks".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcGeePowerLeahy2024-650">[636]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allegations_of_genocide_in_the_2023_Hamas-led_attack_on_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Allegations of genocide in the 2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel">Allegations of genocide in the 2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_stereotypes_of_Palestinians_in_Israeli_discourse" title="Animal stereotypes of Palestinians in Israeli discourse">Animal stereotypes of Palestinians in Israeli discourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip_mass_graves" title="Gaza Strip mass graves">Gaza Strip mass graves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_violations_against_Palestinians_by_Israel" title="Human rights violations against Palestinians by Israel">Human rights violations against Palestinians by Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_war_crimes_in_the_Gaza_war" title="Israeli war crimes in the Gaza war">Israeli war crimes in the Gaza war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_cleansing_of_population" title="Political cleansing of population">Political cleansing of population</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-gazamoh-10"><a href="#cite_ref-gazamoh_10-0">^</a> Per the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Health_Ministry" title="Gaza Health Ministry">Gaza Health Ministry</a> and Government Information Office,<a href="#cite_note-snapshot-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESky_News2025-5">[5]</a> which has previously been deemed reliable by prominent and independent organisations.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEProthero2024-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHuynhChinSpiegel202323–24-7">[7]</a> In the same period at least 860 Palestinians have been killed in the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAJLabs2025-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUNRWA2025-9">[9]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> A larger estimate of 64,260 exists for total direct deaths between the start of the conflict until the end of June 2024.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJamaluddineAbukmailAlyCampbell2025-11">[10]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> In addition to direct deaths, armed conflicts result in indirect deaths "attributable to the conflict". Mortality due to indirect deaths could be due to a variety of causes, such as infectious diseases.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarryChecchi2020-14">[12]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> Using methods described in The Lancet, <a href="/wiki/Devi_Sridhar" title="Devi Sridhar">Devi Sridhar</a>, the chair of global health at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh">University of Edinburgh</a>, wrote in a September 2024 editorial that "the total deaths since the conflict began would be estimated at about 335,500 in total".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESridhar2024-17">[14]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> The destruction includes:<a href="#cite_note-snapshot-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[22]</a> <div><ul><li>at least 411,000 homes</li><li>493 educational facilities</li><li>267 places of worship</li><li>17 hospitals are partially functional</li><li>83% of groundwater wells are not operational</li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> It is unclear how many of the deaths were a result of <a href="/wiki/Friendly_fire" title="Friendly fire">friendly fire</a> or of the <a href="/wiki/Hannibal_Directive" title="Hannibal Directive">Hannibal Directive</a>. An <a href="/wiki/Ynet" title="Ynet">Ynet</a> article stated that there was an "immense and complex quantity" of friendly-fire incidents on the part of IDF during the 7 October attack.<a href="#cite_note-YnetFF-91">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ynet240111-92">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-YA240112-93">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECook2023-94">[89]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> Per the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Health_Ministry" title="Gaza Health Ministry">Gaza Health Ministry</a> and Government Information Office by 3 January 2024, over 22,300 people had been confirmed dead.<a href="#cite_note-cas1tmp4-130">[124]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> Some Israeli officials denied the plan had been adopted; however, an official familiar with the situation stated that some aspects of the plan were already in progress.<a href="#cite_note-190">[183]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-237"><a href="#cite_ref-237">^</a> The use of white phosphorus against military targets located among civilians is contrary to <a href="/wiki/Protocol_on_Incendiary_Weapons" title="Protocol on Incendiary Weapons">Protocol III</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Convention_on_Certain_Conventional_Weapons" title="Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons">Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons</a>, of which Israel is not a signatory.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReuters2023a-236">[228]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-300"><a href="#cite_ref-300">^</a> "Remember what Amalek did unto thee by the way as ye came forth out of Egypt; how he met thee by the way, and smote the hindmost of thee, all that were enfeebled in thy rear, when thou wast faint and weary; and he feared not God. Therefore it shall be, when the Lord thy God hath given thee rest from all thine enemies round about, in the land which the Lord thy God giveth thee for an inheritance to possess it, that thou shalt blot out the remembrance of Amalek from under heaven; thou shalt not forget." (Deuteronomy 25:17–19, <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Publication_Society_of_America_Version" title="Jewish Publication Society of America Version">Jewish Publication Society of America Version</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-301"><a href="#cite_ref-301">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: זכור את אשר עשה לך עמלק </li> <li id="cite_note-303"><a href="#cite_ref-303">^</a> The <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Publication_Society_of_America_Version" title="Jewish Publication Society of America Version">Jewish Publication Society of America Version</a> and <a href="/wiki/King_James_Version" title="King James Version">King James Version</a> give an identical translation for this verse. </li> <li id="cite_note-335"><a href="#cite_ref-335">^</a> "Of the scholars we cited in our previous story, he [Waxman] was the only one who responded to my request for new comment who still did not think Israel's actions qualify as genocide."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENarea2024-334">[322]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-430"><a href="#cite_ref-430">^</a> <div><ul><li>Amnesty International</li><li><a href="/wiki/Mellemfolkeligt_Samvirke" title="Mellemfolkeligt Samvirke">Mellemfolkeligt Samvirke</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Haq" title="Al-Haq">Al-Haq</a></li></ul></div> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmnesty_International_report202437-1"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmnesty_International_report202437_1-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAmnesty_International_report2024">Amnesty International report 2024</a>, p. 37. </li> <li id="cite_note-ohchr-2024-08-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ohchr-2024-08_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ohchr-2024-08_2-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2024/08/israels-escalating-use-torture-against-palestinians-custody-preventable">"Israel's escalating use of torture against Palestinians in custody a preventable crime against humanity: UN experts"</a>. OHCHR. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241208181335/https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2024/08/israels-escalating-use-torture-against-palestinians-custody-preventable">Archived</a> from the original on 8 December 2024. Retrieved 17 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OHCHR&rft.atitle=Israel%27s+escalating+use+of+torture+against+Palestinians+in+custody+a+preventable+crime+against+humanity%3A+UN+experts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohchr.org%2Fen%2Fpress-releases%2F2024%2F08%2Fisraels-escalating-use-torture-against-palestinians-custody-preventable&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lemkin-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lemkin_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lemkin_3-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemkininstitute.com/statements-new-page/the-genocidal-dimensions-of-israel%E2%80%99s-use-of-sexual-and-gender-based-violence-(sgbv)-against-palestinians">"The Genocidal Dimensions of Israel's Use of Sexual and Gender-Based Violence (SGBV) against Palestinians"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lemkin_Institute_for_Genocide_Prevention" title="Lemkin Institute for Genocide Prevention">Lemkin Institute for Genocide Prevention</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240930203114/https://www.lemkininstitute.com/statements-new-page/the-genocidal-dimensions-of-israel%E2%80%99s-use-of-sexual-and-gender-based-violence-(sgbv)-against-palestinians">Archived</a> from the original on 30 September 2024. Retrieved 17 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lemkin+Institute+for+Genocide+Prevention&rft.atitle=The+Genocidal+Dimensions+of+Israel%27s+Use+of+Sexual+and+Gender-Based+Violence+%28SGBV%29+against+Palestinians&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemkininstitute.com%2Fstatements-new-page%2Fthe-genocidal-dimensions-of-israel%25E2%2580%2599s-use-of-sexual-and-gender-based-violence-%28sgbv%29-against-palestinians&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-snapshot-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-snapshot_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-snapshot_4-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-snapshot_4-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20250218215932/https://www.ochaopt.org/content/reported-impact-snapshot-gaza-strip-18-february-2025">"Reported impact snapshot – Gaza Strip (18 February 2025)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_the_Coordination_of_Humanitarian_Affairs" title="United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs">Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs</a>. 18 February 2025. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ochaopt.org/content/reported-impact-snapshot-gaza-strip-18-february-2025">the original</a> on 18 February 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Office+for+the+Coordination+of+Humanitarian+Affairs&rft.atitle=Reported+impact+snapshot+%E2%80%93+Gaza+Strip+%2818+February+2025%29&rft.date=2025-02-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ochaopt.org%2Fcontent%2Freported-impact-snapshot-gaza-strip-18-february-2025&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESky_News2025-5"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESky_News2025_5-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSky_News2025">Sky News 2025</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEProthero2024-6"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEProthero2024_6-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFProthero2024">Prothero 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHuynhChinSpiegel202323–24-7"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHuynhChinSpiegel202323–24_7-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHuynhChinSpiegel2023">Huynh, Chin & Spiegel 2023</a>, pp. 23–24. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAJLabs2025-8"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAJLabs2025_8-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAJLabs2025">AJLabs 2025</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUNRWA2025-9"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUNRWA2025_9-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFUNRWA2025">UNRWA 2025</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJamaluddineAbukmailAlyCampbell2025-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJamaluddineAbukmailAlyCampbell2025_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJamaluddineAbukmailAlyCampbell2025_11-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFJamaluddineAbukmailAlyCampbell2025">Jamaluddine et al. 2025</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnited_Nations_in_Palestine2024-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnited_Nations_in_Palestine2024_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnited_Nations_in_Palestine2024_13-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFUnited_Nations_in_Palestine2024">United Nations in Palestine 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarryChecchi2020-14"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarryChecchi2020_14-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGarryChecchi2020">Garry & Checchi 2020</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGeneva_Declaration_Secretariat2008">Geneva Declaration Secretariat 2008</a>, p. 4: "The ratio of people killed in war to those dying indirectly because of a conflict is explored in the chapter on indirect deaths (INDIRECT CONFLICT DEATHS). Studies show that between three and 15 times as many people die indirectly for every person who dies violently." </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESridhar2024-17"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESridhar2024_17-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSridhar2024">Sridhar 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKhatibMcKeeYusuf2024237-19"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKhatibMcKeeYusuf2024237_19-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKhatibMcKeeYusuf2024">Khatib, McKee & Yusuf 2024</a>, p. 237. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKhadderHaq2024-20">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKhadderHaq2024_20-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKhadderHaq2024_20-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFKhadderHaq2024">Khadder & Haq 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurke2024-21"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurke2024_21-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBurke2024">Burke 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-HRW-Starvation-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HRW-Starvation_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HRW-Starvation_22-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240110222554/https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/12/18/israel-starvation-used-weapon-war-gaza">"Israel: Starvation Used as Weapon of War in Gaza"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a>. 18 December 2023. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/12/18/israel-starvation-used-weapon-war-gaza">the original</a> on 10 January 2024. Retrieved 4 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Israel%3A+Starvation+Used+as+Weapon+of+War+in+Gaza&rft.pub=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.date=2023-12-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fnews%2F2023%2F12%2F18%2Fisrael-starvation-used-weapon-war-gaza&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSathar2023">Sathar 2023</a>; <a href="#CITEREFQutami2023">Qutami 2023</a>, p. 532; <a href="#Semerdjian2024a">Semerdjian 2024</a>, p. 4 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESemerdjian20244-24"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESemerdjian20244_24-0">^</a> <a href="#Semerdjian2024a">Semerdjian 2024</a>, p. 4. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalsinShah2023-25"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalsinShah2023_25-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMalsinShah2023">Malsin & Shah 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <div><ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240322051818/https://www.un.org/unispal/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Gaza_casualties_info-graphic_18_March_2024-final.pdf">"Hostilities in the Gaza Strip and Israel – Reported Humanitarian Impact"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_the_Coordination_of_Humanitarian_Affairs" title="United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs">Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs</a>. 18 March 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/unispal/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Gaza_casualties_info-graphic_18_March_2024-final.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 22 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Office+for+the+Coordination+of+Humanitarian+Affairs&rft.atitle=Hostilities+in+the+Gaza+Strip+and+Israel+%E2%80%93+Reported+Humanitarian+Impact&rft.date=2024-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Funispal%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F03%2FGaza_casualties_info-graphic_18_March_2024-final.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li><li><a href="#CITEREFFrance_242024a">France 24 2024a</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFVarshalomidzeMotamedi2024">Varshalomidze & Motamedi 2024</a></li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFassin2024">Fassin 2024</a>, pp. 1–2; <a href="#Semerdjian2024a">Semerdjian 2024</a>, pp. 1, 3; <a href="#CITEREFLevene2024">Levene 2024</a>, pp. 1–2; <a href="#CITEREFLitvin2023">Litvin 2023</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Response-29"><a href="#cite_ref-Response_29-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMackenzieLubell2023">Mackenzie & Lubell 2023</a>: "Israel has tightened its blockade on and bombarded Gaza for three weeks after the Islamist group Hamas' Oct. 7 assault killed 1,400 Israelis ... Abbas ... said, 'Our people in the Gaza Strip are facing a war of genocide and massacres committed by the Israeli occupation forces in full view of the entire world.'"; <a href="#CITEREFAntonio2023">Antonio 2023</a>: "Israeli Ambassador to the Philippines Ilan Fluss rejected the notion that his country is committing genocide in Gaza City, where a two-week war has erupted ... their measures were targeting Hamas members, and they were 'taking all measures to avoid having civilians affected" by attacks. 'We are informing civilians even before attacks: keep away from Hamas' infrastructure and Hamas' facilities,' ... Hamas attacked Israel on Oct. 7, and killed at least 1,400 people, mostly civilians."; <a href="#CITEREFChacar2023">Chacar 2023</a>; <a href="#CITEREFSmithMcCarthyLondoñoJordan2023">Smith et al. 2023</a>; <a href="#CITEREFNichols2023">Nichols 2023</a>; <a href="#CITEREFBishara2023">Bishara 2023</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAbraham2024">Abraham 2024</a>: '"There was a completely permissive policy regarding the casualties of [bombing] operations — so permissive that in my opinion it had an element of revenge," D., an intelligence source, claimed. ... A. also used the word "revenge" to describe the atmosphere inside the army after October 7.' </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESultany20242–3-31"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESultany20242–3_31-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSultany2024">Sultany 2024</a>, pp. 2–3. </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBennett2023">Bennett 2023</a>: "The current genocidal assaults on Palestinians in the Gaza strip have undoubtedly been enabled by decades of anti-Palestinian racism propagated by both government and military officials and by media outlets. ... This has never been clearer than over the course of the last two weeks as U.S. and Israeli political and military leaders sow fear and paranoia, and trot out the worst anti-Arab rhetoric we have seen since the period following 9/11. This racist rhetoric is intended to dehumanize the Palestinians in order to neutralize public outrage at what may amount to the worst ethnic cleansing since the 1948 Nakba and what constitutes a genocide at the hands of one of the most advanced militaries in the world, all while world powers watch and do nothing." </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <div><ul><li><a href="#CITEREFSegal2023b">Segal 2023b</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFLederman2024">Lederman 2024</a>, pp. 1–2, 5</li><li><a href="#CITEREFAbdo2024">Abdo 2024</a>, p. 1</li><li><a href="#CITEREFShaw2024">Shaw 2024</a>, p. 1</li><li><a href="#CITEREFÜngör2024">Üngör 2024</a>, pp. 3–4, 5–6</li><li><a href="#CITEREFAlbanese2024">Albanese 2024</a>, p. 2</li><li><a href="#CITEREFLitvin2023">Litvin 2023</a></li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESultany202423-34"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESultany202423_34-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSultany2024">Sultany 2024</a>, p. 23. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECordall2024-35"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECordall2024_35-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCordall2024">Cordall 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Amnesty_Report_News_Item-36"><a href="#cite_ref-Amnesty_Report_News_Item_36-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241206011034/https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2024/12/amnesty-international-concludes-israel-is-committing-genocide-against-palestinians-in-gaza/">"Amnesty International concludes Israel is committing genocide against Palestinians in Gaza"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a>. 5 December 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2024/12/amnesty-international-concludes-israel-is-committing-genocide-against-palestinians-in-gaza/">the original</a> on 6 December 2024. Retrieved 5 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Amnesty+International&rft.atitle=Amnesty+International+concludes+Israel+is+committing+genocide+against+Palestinians+in+Gaza&rft.date=2024-12-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amnesty.org%2Fen%2Flatest%2Fnews%2F2024%2F12%2Famnesty-international-concludes-israel-is-committing-genocide-against-palestinians-in-gaza%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20250215113630/https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2024/11/un-special-committee-finds-israels-warfare-methods-gaza-consistent-genocide?__cf_chl_rt_tk=j6uL5Vv.MlLo9UfjqgszP3mwppoJ07KJPmjxLoFE_EI-1739619390-1.0.1.1-ufO1R.Q0nlOefSLMMMqgTOVhcFVCKapIBIdwplv5sTU">"UN Special Committee finds Israel's warfare methods in Gaza consistent with genocide, including use of starvation as weapon of war"</a>. <a href="/wiki/OHCHR" class="mw-redirect" title="OHCHR">OHCHR</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2024/11/un-special-committee-finds-israels-warfare-methods-gaza-consistent-genocide">the original</a> on 15 February 2025. Retrieved 23 February 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OHCHR&rft.atitle=UN+Special+Committee+finds+Israel%E2%80%99s+warfare+methods+in+Gaza+consistent+with+genocide%2C+including+use+of+starvation+as+weapon+of+war&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohchr.org%2Fen%2Fpress-releases%2F2024%2F11%2Fun-special-committee-finds-israels-warfare-methods-gaza-consistent-genocide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBurga2023">Burga 2023</a>; <a href="#CITEREFCorder2024">Corder 2024</a>; <a href="#CITEREFQuigley2024b">Quigley 2024b</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Amnesty_International_Dec_2024-39">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Amnesty_International_Dec_2024_39-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Amnesty_International_Dec_2024_39-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFAmnesty_International_report2024">Amnesty International report 2024</a>, p. 13: "This report focuses on the Israeli authorities' policies and actions in Gaza as part of the military offensive they launched in the wake of the Hamas-led attacks on 7 October 2023 while situating them within the broader context of Israel's unlawful occupation, and system of apartheid against Palestinians in Gaza, the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and Israel. It assesses allegations of violations and crimes under international law by Israel in Gaza within the framework of genocide under international law, concluding that there is sufficient evidence to believe that Israel's conduct in Gaza following 7 October 2023 amounts to genocide." </li> <li id="cite_note-hrw-report-40">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hrw-report_40-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hrw-report_40-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20250209092600/https://www.hrw.org/report/2024/12/19/extermination-and-acts-genocide/israel-deliberately-depriving-palestinians-gaza">Extermination and Acts of Genocide [–] Israel Deliberately Depriving Palestinians in Gaza of Water</a> (Report). <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a>. 19 December 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/report/2024/12/19/extermination-and-acts-genocide/israel-deliberately-depriving-palestinians-gaza">the original</a> on 9 February 2025. Retrieved 20 January 2025. <q>Israeli authorities' and forces' actions to deprive the population of Gaza of access to water amount to acts of genocide under the Genocide Convention and the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. Specifically, their actions amount to deliberately inflicting conditions of life calculated to bring about the physical destruction of the Palestinian population in Gaza. Genocidal intent may also be inferred from Israeli authorities' and forces' continued actions to deprive Palestinians in Gaza of water, despite clear data and warnings from the United Nations since October and orders from the International Court of Justice calling for the provision of water since January, alongside Israeli authorities' statements, and therefore these acts may amount to the crime of genocide.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Extermination+and+Acts+of+Genocide+%5B%E2%80%93%5D+Israel+Deliberately+Depriving+Palestinians+in+Gaza+of+Water&rft.pub=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.date=2024-12-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Freport%2F2024%2F12%2F19%2Fextermination-and-acts-genocide%2Fisrael-deliberately-depriving-palestinians-gaza&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlbanese202413–14-41"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlbanese202413–14_41-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAlbanese2024">Albanese 2024</a>, pp. 13–14. </li> <li id="cite_note-ohchr-42"><a href="#cite_ref-ohchr_42-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231224050530/https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2023/11/gaza-un-experts-call-international-community-prevent-genocide-against">"Gaza: UN experts call on international community to prevent genocide against the Palestinian people"</a>. <a href="/wiki/OHCHR" class="mw-redirect" title="OHCHR">OHCHR</a>. 16 November 2023. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2023/11/gaza-un-experts-call-international-community-prevent-genocide-against">the original</a> on 24 December 2023. Retrieved 22 December 2023. <q>Grave violations committed by Israel against Palestinians in the aftermath of 7 October, particularly in Gaza, point to a genocide in the making, UN experts said today. They illustrated evidence of increasing genocidal incitement, overt intent to "destroy the Palestinian people under occupation", loud calls for a 'second Nakba' in Gaza and the rest of the occupied Palestinian territory, and the use of powerful weaponry with inherently indiscriminate impacts, resulting in a colossal death toll and destruction of life-sustaining infrastructure.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OHCHR&rft.atitle=Gaza%3A+UN+experts+call+on+international+community+to+prevent+genocide+against+the+Palestinian+people&rft.date=2023-11-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohchr.org%2Fen%2Fpress-releases%2F2023%2F11%2Fgaza-un-experts-call-international-community-prevent-genocide-against&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBurga2023">Burga 2023</a>; <a href="#CITEREFSoni2023">Soni 2023</a>, p. 81 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEInternational_State_Crime_Initiative2023-44">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEInternational_State_Crime_Initiative2023_44-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEInternational_State_Crime_Initiative2023_44-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFInternational_State_Crime_Initiative2023">International State Crime Initiative 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchwarz2024-45"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchwarz2024_45-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSchwarz2024">Schwarz 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETanteshGraham-Harrison2024-46">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETanteshGraham-Harrison2024_46-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETanteshGraham-Harrison2024_46-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFTanteshGraham-Harrison2024">Tantesh & Graham-Harrison 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpagat2024a-47">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpagat2024a_47-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpagat2024a_47-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFSpagat2024a">Spagat 2024a</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGraham-Harrison2024a-48"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGraham-Harrison2024a_48-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGraham-Harrison2024a">Graham-Harrison 2024a</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <div><ul><li><a href="#CITEREFAmnesty_International_report2024">Amnesty International report 2024</a>, p. 16</li><li><a href="#CITEREFBuschekChristophKalischKollig2024">Buschek et al. 2024</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFSave_the_Children2024">Save the Children 2024</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFSridhar2023">Sridhar 2023</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFSalzenstein2024">Salzenstein 2024</a></li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMassoudFick2023-50"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMassoudFick2023_50-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMassoudFick2023">Massoud & Fick 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUN_News2024-51"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUN_News2024_51-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFUN_News2024">UN News 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUN_OCHA2024-52"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUN_OCHA2024_52-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFUN_OCHA2024">UN OCHA 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENeumanBabaWood2024-53"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeumanBabaWood2024_53-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNeumanBabaWood2024">Neuman, Baba & Wood 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOHCHR2024b-54"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOHCHR2024b_54-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOHCHR2024b">OHCHR 2024b</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStackShbair2024-55"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStackShbair2024_55-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStackShbair2024">Stack & Shbair 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <div><ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20240818091417/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/gaza-palestinians-hold-ramadan-prayers-by-ruins-mosque-2024-03-15/">"In Gaza, Palestinians hold Ramadan prayers by ruins of mosque"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. 15 March 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/gaza-palestinians-hold-ramadan-prayers-by-ruins-mosque-2024-03-15/">the original</a> on 18 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=In+Gaza%2C+Palestinians+hold+Ramadan+prayers+by+ruins+of+mosque&rft.date=2024-03-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fgaza-palestinians-hold-ramadan-prayers-by-ruins-mosque-2024-03-15%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li><li><a href="#CITEREFKansaraNour2024">Kansara & Nour 2024</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFSaber2024">Saber 2024</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFEl_Chamaa2023">El Chamaa 2023</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFMoutafa2023">Moutafa 2023</a></li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-ICJ-2023-12-29-57">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ICJ-2023-12-29_57-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ICJ-2023-12-29_57-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ICJ-2023-12-29_57-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ICJ-2023-12-29_57-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ICJ-2023-12-29_57-4">e</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icj-cij.org/sites/default/files/case-related/192/192-20231228-app-01-00-en.pdf">Application Instituting Proceedings</a> (PDF), <a href="/wiki/South_Africa_v._Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="South Africa v. Israel">Application of Convention on Prevention and Punishment of Crime of Genocide (S. Afr. v. Isr.)</a>, No. 192 (<a href="/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice" title="International Court of Justice">ICJ</a> 29 December 2023), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240105144115/https://www.icj-cij.org/index.php/node/203394">archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2024. </li> <li id="cite_note-Donoghue-58">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Donoghue_58-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Donoghue_58-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFDonoghue2024">Donoghue 2024</a>, 5:10 ("The court decided that the Palestinians had a plausible right to be protected from genocide, and that South Africa had the right to present that claim in the court."); <a href="#ICJ-order-2024-01-26">Order, S. Afr., No. 192 (ICJ 26 January 2024)</a>, ¶ 54 ("In the Court's view, the facts and circumstances mentioned above are sufficient to conclude that at least some of the rights claimed by South Africa and for which it is seeking protection are plausible. This is the case with respect to the right of the Palestinians in Gaza to be protected from acts of genocide and related prohibited acts identified in Article III, and the right of South Africa to seek Israel's compliance with the latter's obligations under the Convention."). </li> <li id="cite_note-ICJruling-59">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ICJruling_59-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ICJruling_59-1">b</a> <a href="#ICJ-order-2024-01-26">Order, S. Afr., No. 192 (ICJ 26 January 2024)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESimonPeralta2024-60"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESimonPeralta2024_60-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSimonPeralta2024">Simon & Peralta 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECasciani2024a-61">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECasciani2024a_61-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECasciani2024a_61-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFCasciani2024a">Casciani 2024a</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECasciani2024b-62">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECasciani2024b_62-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECasciani2024b_62-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFCasciani2024b">Casciani 2024b</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarsiSiddiquiMotamedi2024-63"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarsiSiddiquiMotamedi2024_63-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMarsiSiddiquiMotamedi2024">Marsi, Siddiqui & Motamedi 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEl_Deeb2023-64"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEl_Deeb2023_64-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEl_Deeb2023">El Deeb 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/intifada">"Intifada"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopedia Britannica</a>. 23 October 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231114071751/https://www.britannica.com/topic/intifada">Archived</a> from the original on 14 November 2023. Retrieved 16 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Intifada&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.date=2023-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2Fintifada&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEInternational_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross2023-66"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEInternational_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross2023_66-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFInternational_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross2023">International Committee of the Red Cross 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESalam_Y.2023-67"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalam_Y.2023_67-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSalam_Y.2023">Salam Y. 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerryMcDowall2023-68"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerryMcDowall2023_68-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPerryMcDowall2023">Perry & McDowall 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaneCohenShamirScher2023-69">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaneCohenShamirScher2023_69-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaneCohenShamirScher2023_69-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFKaneCohenShamirScher2023">Kane et al. 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-WBEUUN2-70"><a href="#cite_ref-WBEUUN2_70-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240501171634/https://thedocs.worldbank.org/en/doc/14e309cd34e04e40b90eb19afa7b5d15-0280012024/original/Gaza-Interim-Damage-Assessment-032924-Final.pdf">"Gaza Strip: Interim Damage Assessment"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>/<a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>/<a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>. 29 March 2024. p. 5. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thedocs.worldbank.org/en/doc/14e309cd34e04e40b90eb19afa7b5d15-0280012024/original/Gaza-Interim-Damage-Assessment-032924-Final.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 1 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Bank%2FEuropean+Union%2FUnited+Nations&rft.atitle=Gaza+Strip%3A+Interim+Damage+Assessment&rft.pages=5&rft.date=2024-03-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthedocs.worldbank.org%2Fen%2Fdoc%2F14e309cd34e04e40b90eb19afa7b5d15-0280012024%2Foriginal%2FGaza-Interim-Damage-Assessment-032924-Final.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeakem2023-71">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeakem2023_71-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeakem2023_71-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeakem2023">Meakem 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <div><ul><li><a href="#CITEREFNebehay2011">Nebehay 2011</a>: "A panel of five independent U.N. rights experts [said] the blockade had subjected Gazans to collective punishment in 'flagrant contravention of international human rights and humanitarian law.'"</li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territories". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/pol10/5670/2023/en/">Amnesty International Report 2022/23: The State of the World's Human Rights</a>. London: <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a>. 2023. pp. 206–211. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86210-502-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86210-502-0"><bdi>978-0-86210-502-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231016210727/https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/pol10/5670/2023/en/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 October 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2023. <q>This compounded the impact of a 15-year ongoing Israeli blockade that amounts to illegal collective punishment</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Israel+and+the+Occupied+Palestinian+Territories&rft.btitle=Amnesty+International+Report+2022%2F23%3A+The+State+of+the+World%27s+Human+Rights&rft.place=London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E206-%3C%2Fspan%3E211&rft.pub=Amnesty+International&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-0-86210-502-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amnesty.org%2Fen%2Fdocuments%2Fpol10%2F5670%2F2023%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2009/01/13/deprived-and-endangered-humanitarian-crisis-gaza-strip">"Deprived and Endangered: Humanitarian Crisis in the Gaza Strip"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a>. 13 January 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150404041422/http://www.hrw.org/news/2009/01/12/deprived-and-endangered-humanitarian-crisis-gaza-strip">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2015. Retrieved 15 October 2023. <q>The blockade is a form of collective punishment in violation of international law.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Deprived+and+Endangered%3A+Humanitarian+Crisis+in+the+Gaza+Strip&rft.date=2009-01-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fnews%2F2009%2F01%2F13%2Fdeprived-and-endangered-humanitarian-crisis-gaza-strip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li><li><a href="#CITEREFBBC_News2017">BBC News 2017</a></li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAckerman2024">Ackerman 2024</a>: "The unemployment rate soared to "probably the highest in the world", four-fifths of the population were forced to rely on humanitarian assistance, three-quarters became dependent on food aid, more than half faced "acute food insecurity", one in ten children were stunted by malnutrition, and over 96 percent of potable water became unsafe for human consumption." </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbdulrahim2023-74">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbdulrahim2023_74-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbdulrahim2023_74-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFAbdulrahim2023">Abdulrahim 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlfonseca2023-75">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlfonseca2023_75-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlfonseca2023_75-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFAlfonseca2023">Alfonseca 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicef.org/mena/documents/gaza-strip-humanitarian-impact-15-years-blockade-june-2022">"The Gaza Strip: The humanitarian impact of 15 years of blockade"</a>. <a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a>. June 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231115160019/https://www.unicef.org/mena/documents/gaza-strip-humanitarian-impact-15-years-blockade-june-2022">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2023. Retrieved 16 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNICEF&rft.atitle=The+Gaza+Strip%3A+The+humanitarian+impact+of+15+years+of+blockade&rft.date=2022-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicef.org%2Fmena%2Fdocuments%2Fgaza-strip-humanitarian-impact-15-years-blockade-june-2022&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeauchamp2023-77"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeauchamp2023_77-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBeauchamp2023">Beauchamp 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECourty2023-78"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECourty2023_78-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCourty2023">Courty 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETan2023-79"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETan2023_79-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTan2023">Tan 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/gaza-strip">"Where We Work. Gaza Strip"</a>. United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (<a href="/wiki/UNRWA" title="UNRWA">UNRWA</a>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231012075032/https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/gaza-strip">Archived</a> from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+Nations+Relief+and+Works+Agency+for+Palestine+Refugees+in+the+Near+East+%28UNRWA%29&rft.atitle=Where+We+Work.+Gaza+Strip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unrwa.org%2Fwhere-we-work%2Fgaza-strip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-OCHAoPt-81"><a href="#cite_ref-OCHAoPt_81-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ochaopt.org/data/casualties">"Data on casualties"</a>. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs – occupied Palestinian territory (<a href="/wiki/OCHAoPt" class="mw-redirect" title="OCHAoPt">OCHAoPt</a>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20231012194834/https://ochaopt.org/data/casualties">Archived</a> from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+Nations+Office+for+the+Coordination+of+Humanitarian+Affairs+%E2%80%93+occupied+Palestinian+territory+%28OCHAoPt%29&rft.atitle=Data+on+casualties&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ochaopt.org%2Fdata%2Fcasualties&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/unispal/document/two-years-on-people-injured-and-traumatized-during-the-great-march-of-return-are-still-struggling/">"Two Years On: People Injured and Traumatized During the "Great March of Return" are Still Struggling"</a>. un.org. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240304172542/https://www.un.org/unispal/document/two-years-on-people-injured-and-traumatized-during-the-great-march-of-return-are-still-struggling/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2024. Retrieved 5 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=un.org&rft.atitle=Two+Years+On%3A+People+Injured+and+Traumatized+During+the+%22Great+March+of+Return%22+are+Still+Struggling&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Funispal%2Fdocument%2Ftwo-years-on-people-injured-and-traumatized-during-the-great-march-of-return-are-still-struggling%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFayyad2019-83"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFayyad2019_83-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFayyad2019">Fayyad 2019</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlein2023-84"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlein2023_84-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKlein2023">Klein 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbdulKarimAdnan2023-85"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbdulKarimAdnan2023_85-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAbdulKarimAdnan2023">AbdulKarim & Adnan 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFArab_News2023">Arab News 2023</a>: "The leader of Hamas' military wing, Mohammed Deif, said Saturday's assault was in response to the 16-year blockade of Gaza, Israeli raids inside West Bank cities over the past year, violence at Al-Aqsa and increasing attacks by settlers on Palestinians, and growth of settlements." </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECBC2023-87"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECBC2023_87-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCBC2023">CBC 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShaw20241-88"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShaw20241_88-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFShaw2024">Shaw 2024</a>, p. 1. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESemerdjian20241-89"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESemerdjian20241_89-0">^</a> <a href="#Semerdjian2024a">Semerdjian 2024</a>, p. 1. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarsiSiddiqui2024b-90"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarsiSiddiqui2024b_90-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMarsiSiddiqui2024b">Marsi & Siddiqui 2024b</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-YnetFF-91"><a href="#cite_ref-YnetFF_91-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFZitun2023">Zitun 2023</a>: "Casualties fell as a result of friendly fire on October 7, but the IDF believes that beyond the operational investigations of the events, it would not be morally sound to investigate these incidents due to the immense and complex quantity of them that took place in the kibbutzim and southern Israeli communities due to the challenging situations the soldiers were in at the time." </li> <li id="cite_note-Ynet240111-92"><a href="#cite_ref-Ynet240111_92-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBergmanZitun2024a">Bergman & Zitun 2024a</a>: "ההערכות הן כי בשטח שבין יישובי העוטף לרצועה נהרגו כאלף מחבלים ומסתננים. לא ברור בשלב זה כמה מהחטופים נהרגו בשל הפעלת הפקודה הזו." [It is estimated that about a thousand terrorists and infiltrators were killed in the area between the settlements of the encirclement and the Strip. It is not clear at this stage how many of the hostages were killed as a result of the operation of this order.] </li> <li id="cite_note-YA240112-93"><a href="#cite_ref-YA240112_93-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBergmanZitun2024b">Bergman & Zitun 2024b</a>: [orders to open fire on terrorist vehicles that were racing to Gaza, even if there were concerns that they contained hostages – a kind of renewed version of the "Hannibal Procedure"] </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECook2023-94"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECook2023_94-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCook2023">Cook 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-F24231215-96"><a href="#cite_ref-F24231215_96-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240304185753/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20231215-israel-social-security-data-reveals-true-picture-of-oct-7-deaths">"Israel social security data reveals true picture of Oct 7 deaths"</a>. <a href="/wiki/France_24" title="France 24">France 24</a>. 15 December 2023. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20231215-israel-social-security-data-reveals-true-picture-of-oct-7-deaths">the original</a> on 4 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=Israel+social+security+data+reveals+true+picture+of+Oct+7+deaths&rft.date=2023-12-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2Flive-news%2F20231215-israel-social-security-data-reveals-true-picture-of-oct-7-deaths&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDyer2023-97"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDyer2023_97-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDyer2023">Dyer 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESegalDaniele20246-98">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegalDaniele20246_98-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegalDaniele20246_98-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegalDaniele20246_98-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegalDaniele20246_98-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegalDaniele20246_98-4">e</a> <a href="#CITEREFSegalDaniele2024">Segal & Daniele 2024</a>, p. 6. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJamshidi2024a1–4-99"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJamshidi2024a1–4_99-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJamshidi2024a">Jamshidi 2024a</a>, pp. 1–4. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESemerdjian20243–4-100"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESemerdjian20243–4_100-0">^</a> <a href="#Semerdjian2024a">Semerdjian 2024</a>, pp. 3–4. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl_Jazeera2023a-101"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAl_Jazeera2023a_101-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAl_Jazeera2023a">Al Jazeera 2023a</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcKernanMichaelsonGraham-HarrisonKierszenbaum2023-102"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcKernanMichaelsonGraham-HarrisonKierszenbaum2023_102-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcKernanMichaelsonGraham-HarrisonKierszenbaum2023">McKernan et al. 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPacchiani2023-103"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPacchiani2023_103-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPacchiani2023">Pacchiani 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatar2023-104"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatar2023_104-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMatar2023">Matar 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchenker2023-105"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchenker2023_105-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSchenker2023">Schenker 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarghouti2023-106"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarghouti2023_106-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarghouti2023">Barghouti 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFedermanAdwan2023-107"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFedermanAdwan2023_107-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFedermanAdwan2023">Federman & Adwan 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmnesty_International2022266–267-108"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmnesty_International2022266–267_108-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAmnesty_International2022">Amnesty International 2022</a>, pp. 266–267. </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFB'Tselem2021">B'Tselem 2021</a>: "A regime that uses laws, practices and organized violence to cement the supremacy of one group over another is an apartheid regime. Israeli apartheid, which promotes the supremacy of Jews over Palestinians, was not born in one day or of a single speech. It is a process that has gradually grown more institutionalized and explicit, with mechanisms introduced over time in law and practice to promote Jewish supremacy. These accumulated measures, their pervasiveness in legislation and political practice, and the public and judicial support they receive – all form the basis for our conclusion that the bar for labeling the Israeli regime as apartheid has been met." </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolmes2021-110"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolmes2021_110-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHolmes2021">Holmes 2021</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/israel-l-assemblee-nationale-rejette-une-resolution-communiste-denoncant-un-regime-d-apartheid-20230504">"Israël: l'Assemblée nationale rejette une résolution communiste dénonçant un "régime d'apartheid""</a> [Israel: National Assembly rejects communist resolution denouncing 'apartheid regime']. <a href="/wiki/Le_Figaro" title="Le Figaro">Le Figaro</a> (in French). 4 May 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230614002231/https://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/israel-l-assemblee-nationale-rejette-une-resolution-communiste-denoncant-un-regime-d-apartheid-20230504">Archived</a> from the original on 14 June 2023. Retrieved 8 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Figaro&rft.atitle=Isra%C3%ABl%3A+l%27Assembl%C3%A9e+nationale+rejette+une+r%C3%A9solution+communiste+d%C3%A9non%C3%A7ant+un+%22r%C3%A9gime+d%27apartheid%22&rft.date=2023-05-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lefigaro.fr%2Fflash-actu%2Fisrael-l-assemblee-nationale-rejette-une-resolution-communiste-denoncant-un-regime-d-apartheid-20230504&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHutzlerPeller2023-112"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHutzlerPeller2023_112-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHutzlerPeller2023">Hutzler & Peller 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESiddique2024-113"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESiddique2024_113-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSiddique2024">Siddique 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnited_Nations2014-114">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnited_Nations2014_114-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnited_Nations2014_114-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFUnited_Nations2014">United Nations 2014</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Genocide_Prevention-115">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Genocide_Prevention_115-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Genocide_Prevention_115-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231201103920/https://www.un.org/en/genocideprevention/genocide.shtml">"United Nations Office on Genocide Prevention and the Responsibility to Protect"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/en/genocideprevention/genocide.shtml">the original</a> on 1 December 2023. Retrieved 3 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+Nations&rft.atitle=United+Nations+Office+on+Genocide+Prevention+and+the+Responsibility+to+Protect&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fen%2Fgenocideprevention%2Fgenocide.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESamuel2023-116"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESamuel2023_116-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSamuel2023">Samuel 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESemerdjian202414-117"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESemerdjian202414_117-0">^</a> <a href="#Semerdjian2024b">Semerdjian 2024</a>, p. 14. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcDoom20243-118"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcDoom20243_118-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcDoom2024">McDoom 2024</a>, p. 3. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoses2023a19-119"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoses2023a19_119-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMoses2023a">Moses 2023a</a>, p. 19. </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240825165026/https://cld.irmct.org/notions/show/508/large-number-of-victims">"Large number of victims" ICTR/ICTY/IRMCT Case Law Database"</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Residual_Mechanism_for_Criminal_Tribunals" title="International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals">International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cld.irmct.org/notions/show/508/large-number-of-victims#">the original</a> on 25 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Residual+Mechanism+for+Criminal+Tribunals&rft.atitle=Large+number+of+victims%22+ICTR%2FICTY%2FIRMCT+Case+Law+Database&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcld.irmct.org%2Fnotions%2Fshow%2F508%2Flarge-number-of-victims%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240808100717/https://iimm.un.org/legal-concepts/">"Legal concepts and questions"</a>. Independent Investigative Mechanism for Myanmar. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iimm.un.org/legal-concepts/">the original</a> on 8 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Independent+Investigative+Mechanism+for+Myanmar&rft.atitle=Legal+concepts+and+questions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fiimm.un.org%2Flegal-concepts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUNHR202424–25-122">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUNHR202424–25_122-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUNHR202424–25_122-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFUNHR2024">UNHR 2024</a>, pp. 24–25. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlbanese20246–7-123"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlbanese20246–7_123-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAlbanese2024">Albanese 2024</a>, pp. 6–7. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDebreShurafa2023-124"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDebreShurafa2023_124-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDebreShurafa2023">Debre & Shurafa 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrankel2023-125"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrankel2023_125-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFrankel2023">Frankel 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESalmanKhadder2023-126">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalmanKhadder2023_126-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalmanKhadder2023_126-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFSalmanKhadder2023">Salman & Khadder 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUNHR202437–38-127">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUNHR202437–38_127-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUNHR202437–38_127-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFUNHR2024">UNHR 2024</a>, pp. 37–38. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUNHR202440-128">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUNHR202440_128-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUNHR202440_128-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFUNHR2024">UNHR 2024</a>, p. 40. </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <div><ul><li><a href="#CITEREFFaddoulShannonAsgharBoukari2023">Faddoul et al. 2023</a>, pp. 25–26</li><li><a href="#CITEREFSaric2024">Saric 2024</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFThomas2023">Thomas 2023</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFAP_News2023a">AP News 2023a</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFSawaftaFick2023">Sawafta & Fick 2023</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFEuro-Med_Human_Rights_Monitor2023">Euro-Med Human Rights Monitor 2023</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFBurga2023">Burga 2023</a></li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-cas1tmp4-130"><a href="#cite_ref-cas1tmp4_130-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240103101715/https://www.barrons.com/news/health-ministry-in-hamas-run-gaza-says-war-death-toll-hits-22-313-584e999b?refsec=topics_afp-news">"Health Ministry In Hamas-run Gaza Says War Death Toll Hits 22,313"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Barron%27s" title="Barron's">Barron's</a>. 3 January 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.barrons.com/news/health-ministry-in-hamas-run-gaza-says-war-death-toll-hits-22-313-584e999b?refsec=topics_afp-news">the original</a> on 3 January 2024. Retrieved 3 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Barron%27s&rft.atitle=Health+Ministry+In+Hamas-run+Gaza+Says+War+Death+Toll+Hits+22%2C313&rft.date=2024-01-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.barrons.com%2Fnews%2Fhealth-ministry-in-hamas-run-gaza-says-war-death-toll-hits-22-313-584e999b%3Frefsec%3Dtopics_afp-news&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENashedCordall2024-132"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENashedCordall2024_132-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNashedCordall2024">Nashed & Cordall 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-KhatibMcKeeYusuf-133">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KhatibMcKeeYusuf_133-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-KhatibMcKeeYusuf_133-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-KhatibMcKeeYusuf_133-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-KhatibMcKeeYusuf_133-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-KhatibMcKeeYusuf_133-4">e</a> <a href="#CITEREFKhatibMcKeeYusuf2024">Khatib, McKee & Yusuf 2024</a>: "Armed conflicts have indirect health implications beyond the direct harm from violence. Even if the conflict ends immediately, there will continue to be many indirect deaths in the coming months and years from causes such as reproductive, communicable, and non-communicable diseases. The total death toll is expected to be large given the intensity of this conflict; destroyed health-care infrastructure; severe shortages of food, water, and shelter; the population's inability to flee to safe places; and the loss of funding to UNRWA, one of the very few humanitarian organisations still active in the Gaza Strip. In recent conflicts, such indirect deaths range from three to 15 times the number of direct deaths. Applying a conservative estimate of four indirect deaths per one direct death to the 37,396 deaths reported, it is not implausible to estimate that up to 186,000 or even more deaths could be attributable to the current conflict in Gaza. Using the 2022 Gaza Strip population estimate of 2,375,259, this would translate to 7.9% of the total population in the Gaza Strip." </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESave_the_Children2023-134"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESave_the_Children2023_134-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSave_the_Children2023">Save the Children 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEQutami2023531-135"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQutami2023531_135-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFQutami2023">Qutami 2023</a>, p. 531. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas2023-136"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomas2023_136-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThomas2023">Thomas 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAP_News2023a-137"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAP_News2023a_137-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAP_News2023a">AP News 2023a</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdlerUras2024-138"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdlerUras2024_138-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAdlerUras2024">Adler & Uras 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAbraham2024">Abraham 2024</a>: ""It was very surprising for me that we were asked to bomb a house to kill a ground soldier, whose importance in the fighting was so low" said one source." </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbraham2024-140"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbraham2024_140-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAbraham2024">Abraham 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <div><ul><li><a href="#CITEREFMraffko2024">Mraffko 2024</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFOHCHR2024a">OHCHR 2024a</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFPolglaseMahmoodMezzofiore2024">Polglase, Mahmood & Mezzofiore 2024</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFEuro-Med_Human_Rights_Monitor2024">Euro-Med Human Rights Monitor 2024</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFLakhani2024b">Lakhani 2024b</a></li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKubovich2024-142"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKubovich2024_142-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKubovich2024">Kubovich 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESultany2024-143">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESultany2024_143-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESultany2024_143-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFSultany2024">Sultany 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEl_Deeb2024-144"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEl_Deeb2024_144-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEl_Deeb2024">El Deeb 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <div><ul><li><a href="#CITEREFThe_Jerusalem_Post2024b">The Jerusalem Post 2024b</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFCook2024">Cook 2024</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFEbrahim2024">Ebrahim 2024</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFThe_New_Arab2024">The New Arab 2024</a></li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHortonSardarizadehDurbin2024-146">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHortonSardarizadehDurbin2024_146-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHortonSardarizadehDurbin2024_146-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHortonSardarizadehDurbin2024_146-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFHortonSardarizadehDurbin2024">Horton, Sardarizadeh & Durbin 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIoanes2024-147"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIoanes2024_147-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFIoanes2024">Ioanes 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESaric2024-148"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaric2024_148-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSaric2024">Saric 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZerrouky2024-149"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZerrouky2024_149-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFZerrouky2024">Zerrouky 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGraham-Harrison2024b-150"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGraham-Harrison2024b_150-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGraham-Harrison2024b">Graham-Harrison 2024b</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240923003419/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20240831-health-official-says-polio-vaccine-campaign-begins-in-war-torn-gaza">"Health official says polio vaccine campaign begins in war-torn Gaza"</a>. <a href="/wiki/France_24" title="France 24">France 24</a>. <a href="/wiki/Agence_France-Presse" title="Agence France-Presse">Agence France-Presse</a>. 31 August 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20240831-health-official-says-polio-vaccine-campaign-begins-in-war-torn-gaza">the original</a> on 23 September 2024. Retrieved 23 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=Health+official+says+polio+vaccine+campaign+begins+in+war-torn+Gaza&rft.date=2024-08-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2Flive-news%2F20240831-health-official-says-polio-vaccine-campaign-begins-in-war-torn-gaza&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESaab2024-152"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaab2024_152-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSaab2024">Saab 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_der_Merwe2024-153"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_der_Merwe2024_153-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFvan_der_Merwe2024">van der Merwe 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuillotDraidiCetorelliMonteiro_Da_Silva2025478–485-154"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuillotDraidiCetorelliMonteiro_Da_Silva2025478–485_154-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGuillotDraidiCetorelliMonteiro_Da_Silva2025">Guillot et al. 2025</a>, pp. 478–485. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpagat2024b-155"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpagat2024b_155-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSpagat2024b">Spagat 2024b</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBigg2024-156">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBigg2024_156-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBigg2024_156-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFBigg2024">Bigg 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGraham-HarrisonBorger2023-157"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGraham-HarrisonBorger2023_157-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGraham-HarrisonBorger2023">Graham-Harrison & Borger 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEl-Affendi20246-158">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEl-Affendi20246_158-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEl-Affendi20246_158-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFEl-Affendi2024">El-Affendi 2024</a>, p. 6. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJamshidi2024a14–16-159"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJamshidi2024a14–16_159-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJamshidi2024a">Jamshidi 2024a</a>, pp. 14–16. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaza_Healthcare_Letters2024-160"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGaza_Healthcare_Letters2024_160-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGaza_Healthcare_Letters2024">Gaza Healthcare Letters 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHurwitz2024-161"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHurwitz2024_161-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHurwitz2024">Hurwitz 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-WatsonInstituteEstimatedDeaths-162"><a href="#cite_ref-WatsonInstituteEstimatedDeaths_162-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStamatopoulou-Robbins2024">Stamatopoulou-Robbins 2024</a>: "In addition to killing people directly through traumatic injuries, wars cause "indirect deaths" by destroying, damaging, or causing deterioration of economic, social, psychological and health conditions. Most expansively, this report describes the causal pathways that can be expected to lead to far larger numbers of indirect deaths. These deaths result from diseases and other population-level health effects that stem from war's destruction of public infrastructure and livelihood sources, reduced access to water and sanitation, environmental damage, and other such factors. This report builds on a foundation of previous Costs of War research for its framework and methodology in covering the most significant chains of impact, or causal pathways, to indirect war deaths in Gaza and the West Bank. Unlike in combat, these deaths do not necessarily occur immediately or in the close aftermath of the battles which many observers focus on. While it will take years to assess the full extent of these population-level health effects, they will inevitably lead to far higher numbers of deaths than direct violence." </li> <li id="cite_note-GazaHealthcareLettersEstimatedDeaths-163"><a href="#cite_ref-GazaHealthcareLettersEstimatedDeaths_163-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241007173405/https://static1.squarespace.com/static/66e083452b3cbf4bbd719aa2/t/66fcd754b472610b6335d66f/1727846228615/Appendix+20241002.pdf">"Appendix to letter of October 2, 2024 re: American physicians observations from the Gaza Strip since October 7, 2023"</a> (PDF). gazahealthcareletters.org. Gaza Healthcare Letters. 2 October 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://static1.squarespace.com/static/66e083452b3cbf4bbd719aa2/t/66fcd754b472610b6335d66f/1727846228615/Appendix+20241002.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 7 October 2024. Retrieved 17 October 2024. <q>These are the most conservative estimates of the death toll that can be made with the given available data as of September 30, 2024. It is highly likely that the real number of deaths in Gaza from this conflict is far higher than this most conservative estimate. Without an immediate ceasefire the death toll will only continue to mount, especially among young children.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gazahealthcareletters.org&rft.atitle=Appendix+to+letter+of+October+2%2C+2024+re%3A+American+physicians+observations+from+the+Gaza+Strip+since+October+7%2C+2023&rft.date=2024-10-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstatic1.squarespace.com%2Fstatic%2F66e083452b3cbf4bbd719aa2%2Ft%2F66fcd754b472610b6335d66f%2F1727846228615%2FAppendix%2B20241002.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHuman_Rights_Watch2024b-164">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHuman_Rights_Watch2024b_164-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHuman_Rights_Watch2024b_164-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFHuman_Rights_Watch2024b">Human Rights Watch 2024b</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Amnesty_International_Blockade-165">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Amnesty_International_Blockade_165-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Amnesty_International_Blockade_165-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240227035450/https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2024/02/israel-defying-icj-ruling-to-prevent-genocide-by-failing-to-allow-adequate-humanitarian-aid-to-reach-gaza/">"Israel defying ICJ ruling to prevent genocide by failing to allow adequate humanitarian aid to reach Gaza"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a>. 26 February 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2024/02/israel-defying-icj-ruling-to-prevent-genocide-by-failing-to-allow-adequate-humanitarian-aid-to-reach-gaza/">the original</a> on 27 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Israel+defying+ICJ+ruling+to+prevent+genocide+by+failing+to+allow+adequate+humanitarian+aid+to+reach+Gaza&rft.pub=Amnesty+International&rft.date=2024-02-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amnesty.org%2Fen%2Flatest%2Fnews%2F2024%2F02%2Fisrael-defying-icj-ruling-to-prevent-genocide-by-failing-to-allow-adequate-humanitarian-aid-to-reach-gaza%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl_Jazeera2024f-166"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAl_Jazeera2024f_166-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAl_Jazeera2024f">Al Jazeera 2024f</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl_Jazeera2023b-167"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAl_Jazeera2023b_167-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAl_Jazeera2023b">Al Jazeera 2023b</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohnson2024b-168"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJohnson2024b_168-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJohnson2024b">Johnson 2024b</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETanielian20242-169">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETanielian20242_169-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETanielian20242_169-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFTanielian2024">Tanielian 2024</a>, p. 2. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETanielian20243–4-170"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETanielian20243–4_170-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTanielian2024">Tanielian 2024</a>, pp. 3–4. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESultany20247-171"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESultany20247_171-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSultany2024">Sultany 2024</a>, p. 7. </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240719222458/https://www.btselem.org/publications/202404_manufacturing_famine">Manufacturing Famine: Israel is Committing the War Crime of Starvation in the Gaza Strip</a> (Report). <a href="/wiki/B%27Tselem" title="B'Tselem">B'Tselem</a>. April 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.btselem.org/publications/202404_manufacturing_famine">the original</a> on 19 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Manufacturing+Famine%3A+Israel+is+Committing+the+War+Crime+of+Starvation+in+the+Gaza+Strip&rft.pub=B%27Tselem&rft.date=2024-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.btselem.org%2Fpublications%2F202404_manufacturing_famine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETanielian20246–7-173"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETanielian20246–7_173-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTanielian2024">Tanielian 2024</a>, pp. 6–7. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh2023-174"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh2023_174-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSingh2023">Singh 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESiddiquiPietromarchiQuillen2023-175"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESiddiquiPietromarchiQuillen2023_175-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSiddiquiPietromarchiQuillen2023">Siddiqui, Pietromarchi & Quillen 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEbrahim2023-176"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEbrahim2023_176-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEbrahim2023">Ebrahim 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETétrault-Farber2023-177"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETétrault-Farber2023_177-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTétrault-Farber2023">Tétrault-Farber 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240307221127/https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/12/18/israel-starvation-used-weapon-war-gaza">"Israel: Starvation Used as Weapon of War in Gaza"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a>. 18 December 2023. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/12/18/israel-starvation-used-weapon-war-gaza">the original</a> on 7 March 2024. Retrieved 1 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Israel%3A+Starvation+Used+as+Weapon+of+War+in+Gaza&rft.pub=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.date=2023-12-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fnews%2F2023%2F12%2F18%2Fisrael-starvation-used-weapon-war-gaza&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2024/01/over-one-hundred-days-war-israel-destroying-gazas-food-system-and">"Over one hundred days into the war, Israel destroying Gaza's food system and weaponizing food, say UN human rights experts"</a>. <a href="/wiki/OHCHR" class="mw-redirect" title="OHCHR">OHCHR</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>. 16 January 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240226103315/https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2024/01/over-one-hundred-days-war-israel-destroying-gazas-food-system-and">Archived</a> from the original on 26 February 2024. Retrieved 26 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OHCHR&rft.atitle=Over+one+hundred+days+into+the+war%2C+Israel+destroying+Gaza%27s+food+system+and+weaponizing+food%2C+say+UN+human+rights+experts&rft.date=2024-01-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohchr.org%2Fen%2Fpress-releases%2F2024%2F01%2Fover-one-hundred-days-war-israel-destroying-gazas-food-system-and&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERhoden-Paul2024-180"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERhoden-Paul2024_180-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRhoden-Paul2024">Rhoden-Paul 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELakhani2024a-181"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELakhani2024a_181-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLakhani2024a">Lakhani 2024a</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarsi2024-182"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarsi2024_182-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMarsi2024">Marsi 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESultany20245-183"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESultany20245_183-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSultany2024">Sultany 2024</a>, p. 5. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESultany20246-184"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESultany20246_184-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSultany2024">Sultany 2024</a>, p. 6. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeaumontBurke2024-185"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeaumontBurke2024_185-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBeaumontBurke2024">Beaumont & Burke 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohnson2024a-186"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJohnson2024a_186-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJohnson2024a">Johnson 2024a</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Al-Monitor-2024-04-22-187">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Al-Monitor-2024-04-22_187-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Al-Monitor-2024-04-22_187-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240518013104/https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2024/04/gaza-health-system-completely-obliterated-un-expert">"Gaza health system 'completely obliterated': UN expert"</a>. Al-Monitor. <a href="/wiki/Agence_France-Presse" title="Agence France-Presse">Agence France-Presse</a>. 22 April 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2024/04/gaza-health-system-completely-obliterated-un-expert">the original</a> on 18 May 2024. Retrieved 4 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al-Monitor&rft.atitle=Gaza+health+system+%27completely+obliterated%27%3A+UN+expert&rft.date=2024-04-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.al-monitor.com%2Foriginals%2F2024%2F04%2Fgaza-health-system-completely-obliterated-un-expert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrever2024-188"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrever2024_188-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKrever2024">Krever 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBowen2024-189"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBowen2024_189-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBowen2024">Bowen 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20241014042030/https://www.politico.com/news/2024/10/13/netanyahu-mulls-plan-to-empty-northern-gaza-of-civilians-00183574">"Netanyahu mulls plan to empty northern Gaza of civilians"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. 13 October 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/news/2024/10/13/netanyahu-mulls-plan-to-empty-northern-gaza-of-civilians-00183574">the original</a> on 14 October 2024. Retrieved 14 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Netanyahu+mulls+plan+to+empty+northern+Gaza+of+civilians&rft.date=2024-10-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fnews%2F2024%2F10%2F13%2Fnetanyahu-mulls-plan-to-empty-northern-gaza-of-civilians-00183574&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERapoport2024-192"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERapoport2024_192-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRapoport2024">Rapoport 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241002192315/https://www.jpost.com/israel-hamas-war/article-821301">"North Gaza siege: Netanyahu considers plan to starve out Hamas fighters"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">The Jerusalem Post</a>. 23 September 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpost.com/israel-hamas-war/article-821301">the original</a> on 2 October 2024. Retrieved 14 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=North+Gaza+siege%3A+Netanyahu+considers+plan+to+starve+out+Hamas+fighters&rft.date=2024-09-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2Fisrael-hamas-war%2Farticle-821301&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERémy2024-194"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERémy2024_194-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRémy2024">Rémy 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKhadderSalmanKourdiLockwood2024-195"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKhadderSalmanKourdiLockwood2024_195-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKhadderSalmanKourdiLockwood2024">Khadder et al. 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDevereux2024-196"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDevereux2024_196-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDevereux2024">Devereux 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBorgerRoth2024-197"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBorgerRoth2024_197-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBorgerRoth2024">Borger & Roth 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShotterRalph2024-198"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShotterRalph2024_198-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFShotterRalph2024">Shotter & Ralph 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEl_Abdallah2024-199">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEl_Abdallah2024_199-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEl_Abdallah2024_199-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFEl_Abdallah2024">El Abdallah 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELevene20246–7-200"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevene20246–7_200-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLevene2024">Levene 2024</a>, pp. 6–7. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESemerdjian20242-201"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESemerdjian20242_201-0">^</a> <a href="#Semerdjian2024a">Semerdjian 2024</a>, p. 2. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEForensic_Architecture2024-202"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEForensic_Architecture2024_202-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFForensic_Architecture2024">Forensic Architecture 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerg2024-203"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerg2024_203-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBerg2024">Berg 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/israel-destroyed-79-of-mosques-3-churches-in-gaza-during-its-genocidal-war-against-palestinians-says-ministry/3352251">"Israel destroyed 79% of mosques, 3 churches in Gaza during its genocidal war against Palestinians, says ministry"</a>. www.aa.com.tr. Retrieved 26 February 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.aa.com.tr&rft.atitle=Israel+destroyed+79%25+of+mosques%2C+3+churches+in+Gaza+during+its+genocidal+war+against+Palestinians%2C+says+ministry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aa.com.tr%2Fen%2Fmiddle-east%2Fisrael-destroyed-79-of-mosques-3-churches-in-gaza-during-its-genocidal-war-against-palestinians-says-ministry%2F3352251&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmnesty_International_report202432-205"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmnesty_International_report202432_205-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAmnesty_International_report2024">Amnesty International report 2024</a>, p. 32. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmnesty_International_report2024216-206"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmnesty_International_report2024216_206-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAmnesty_International_report2024">Amnesty International report 2024</a>, p. 216. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmnesty_International_report2024222–233-207"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmnesty_International_report2024222–233_207-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAmnesty_International_report2024">Amnesty International report 2024</a>, pp. 222–233. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmnesty_International_report2024216–219-208"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmnesty_International_report2024216–219_208-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAmnesty_International_report2024">Amnesty International report 2024</a>, pp. 216–219. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmnesty_International_report2024217–218-209"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmnesty_International_report2024217–218_209-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAmnesty_International_report2024">Amnesty International report 2024</a>, pp. 217–218. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarsiMohamed2024a-210"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarsiMohamed2024a_210-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMarsiMohamed2024a">Marsi & Mohamed 2024a</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl-Haq2024" class="citation report cs1"><a href="/wiki/Al-Haq" title="Al-Haq">Al-Haq</a> (27 February 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://documents.un.org/doc/undoc/gen/g24/032/34/pdf/g2403234.pdf?token=7vgSXpmdnRsfIeetwu&fe=true">Written statement* submitted by Al-Haq, Law in the Service of Man, a non-governmental organization in special consultative status</a> (PDF) (Report). <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Written+statement%2A+submitted+by+Al-Haq%2C+Law+in+the+Service+of+Man%2C+a+non-governmental+organization+in+special+consultative+status&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft.date=2024-02-27&rft.au=Al-Haq&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocuments.un.org%2Fdoc%2Fundoc%2Fgen%2Fg24%2F032%2F34%2Fpdf%2Fg2403234.pdf%3Ftoken%3D7vgSXpmdnRsfIeetwu%26fe%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBergerHarb2024-212"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBergerHarb2024_212-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBergerHarb2024">Berger & Harb 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShawer2024-213"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShawer2024_213-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFShawer2024">Shawer 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMasarwaOsman2023">Masarwa & Osman 2023</a>; 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/International/live-updates/israel-gaza-hamas/3-premature-babies-die-at-gazas-alshifa-hospital-doctor-says-104834155?id=104617602">the original</a> on 1 March 2024. Retrieved 18 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=3+premature+babies+die+at+Al-Shifa+Hospital%3A+Doctor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FInternational%2Flive-updates%2Fisrael-gaza-hamas%2F3-premature-babies-die-at-gazas-alshifa-hospital-doctor-says-104834155%3Fid%3D104617602&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMagdyShurafaKullab2023-222"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMagdyShurafaKullab2023_222-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMagdyShurafaKullab2023">Magdy, Shurafa & Kullab 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESoni202380-223"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoni202380_223-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSoni2023">Soni 2023</a>, p. 80. </li> <li id="cite_note-Healthcare_destroyed-224"><a href="#cite_ref-Healthcare_destroyed_224-0">^</a> <div><ul><li><a href="#CITEREFRomo2023">Romo 2023</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFDebre2023">Debre 2023</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFPichetaKhadderRebaneZabadne2023">Picheta et al. 2023</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFBaker2023">Baker 2023</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFKekatosBeaule2023">Kekatos & Beaule 2023</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFBasu2023">Basu 2023</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFMoollaJacub2024">Moolla & Jacub 2024</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFSultany2024">Sultany 2024</a>, p. 11</li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/gaza-war-inflicts-catastrophic-damage-infrastructure-economy-2023-11-17/#:~:text=HOSPITALS%20AND%20SCHOOLS&text=OCHA%20said%2055%20ambulances%20in,of%20drugs%20and%20blood%20products.">"Gaza war inflicts catastrophic damage on infrastructure and economy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20240303120357/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/gaza-war-inflicts-catastrophic-damage-infrastructure-economy-2023-11-17/#:~:text=HOSPITALS%20AND%20SCHOOLS&text=OCHA%20said%2055%20ambulances%20in,of%20drugs%20and%20blood%20products.">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2024. Retrieved 18 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Gaza+war+inflicts+catastrophic+damage+on+infrastructure+and+economy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fgaza-war-inflicts-catastrophic-damage-infrastructure-economy-2023-11-17%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DHOSPITALS%2520AND%2520SCHOOLS%26text%3DOCHA%2520said%252055%2520ambulances%2520in%2Cof%2520drugs%2520and%2520blood%2520products.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERiashMarsi2023-226"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiashMarsi2023_226-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRiashMarsi2023">Riash & Marsi 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a> <div><ul><li><a href="#CITEREFMédecins_Sans_Frontières2023">Médecins Sans Frontières 2023</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFMédecins_Sans_Frontières2024a">Médecins Sans Frontières 2024a</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFMédecins_Sans_Frontières2024b">Médecins Sans Frontières 2024b</a></li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKhanTinua2024-228">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKhanTinua2024_228-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKhanTinua2024_228-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFKhanTinua2024">Khan & Tinua 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Peninsula_Qatar2023-229"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Peninsula_Qatar2023_229-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Peninsula_Qatar2023">The Peninsula Qatar 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayton2024b-230"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayton2024b_230-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClayton2024b">Clayton 2024b</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETondo2024-231"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETondo2024_231-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTondo2024">Tondo 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl_Jazeera2024a-232"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAl_Jazeera2024a_232-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAl_Jazeera2024a">Al Jazeera 2024a</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><a href="#cite_ref-233">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240131100935/https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2023/10/gaza-un-experts-decry-bombing-hospitals-and-schools-crimes-against-humanity">"Gaza: UN experts decry bombing of hospitals and schools as crimes against humanity, call for prevention of genocide"</a>. <a href="/wiki/OHCHR" class="mw-redirect" title="OHCHR">OHCHR</a>. 2023. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2023/10/gaza-un-experts-decry-bombing-hospitals-and-schools-crimes-against-humanity">the original</a> on 31 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OHCHR&rft.atitle=Gaza%3A+UN+experts+decry+bombing+of+hospitals+and+schools+as+crimes+against+humanity%2C+call+for+prevention+of+genocide&rft.date=2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohchr.org%2Fen%2Fpress-releases%2F2023%2F10%2Fgaza-un-experts-decry-bombing-hospitals-and-schools-crimes-against-humanity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKottasováSalmanAlkhaldiBashir2023-234"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKottasováSalmanAlkhaldiBashir2023_234-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKottasováSalmanAlkhaldiBashir2023">Kottasová et al. 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a> <div><ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231105011959/https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/10/damning-evidence-of-war-crimes-as-israeli-attacks-wipe-out-entire-families-in-gaza/">"Damning evidence of war crimes as Israeli attacks wipe out entire families in Gaza"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a>. 20 October 2023. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/10/damning-evidence-of-war-crimes-as-israeli-attacks-wipe-out-entire-families-in-gaza/">the original</a> on 5 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Damning+evidence+of+war+crimes+as+Israeli+attacks+wipe+out+entire+families+in+Gaza&rft.pub=Amnesty+International&rft.date=2023-10-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amnesty.org%2Fen%2Flatest%2Fnews%2F2023%2F10%2Fdamning-evidence-of-war-crimes-as-israeli-attacks-wipe-out-entire-families-in-gaza%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFB'Tselem2023" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/B%27Tselem" title="B'Tselem">B'Tselem</a> (6 December 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240312143816/https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/israel-not-fighting-against-hamas-against-civilians-implementing-criminal-policy-bombings-enarhe">"Israel is not fighting against Hamas but against civilians, implementing a criminal policy of bombings [EN/AR/HE]"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reliefweb" class="mw-redirect" title="Reliefweb">Reliefweb</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/israel-not-fighting-against-hamas-against-civilians-implementing-criminal-policy-bombings-enarhe">the original</a> on 12 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reliefweb&rft.atitle=Israel+is+not+fighting+against+Hamas+but+against+civilians%2C+implementing+a+criminal+policy+of+bombings+%5BEN%2FAR%2FHE%5D&rft.date=2023-12-06&rft.au=B%27Tselem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freliefweb.int%2Freport%2Foccupied-palestinian-territory%2Fisrael-not-fighting-against-hamas-against-civilians-implementing-criminal-policy-bombings-enarhe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li><li><a href="#CITEREFGvaryahu2024">Gvaryahu 2024</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFMarsiMohamed2024b">Marsi & Mohamed 2024b</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFBateman2024b">Bateman 2024b</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFSultany2024">Sultany 2024</a>, pp. 11–12</li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240703075536/https://news.un.org/en/story/2024/06/1151196">"Laws of war likely 'consistently violated' in Israeli strikes on Gaza: UN rights office"</a>. UN News. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>. 19 June 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.un.org/en/story/2024/06/1151196">the original</a> on 3 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=UN+News&rft.atitle=Laws+of+war+likely+%27consistently+violated%27+in+Israeli+strikes+on+Gaza%3A+UN+rights+office&rft.date=2024-06-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.un.org%2Fen%2Fstory%2F2024%2F06%2F1151196&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReuters2023a-236"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReuters2023a_236-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFReuters2023a">Reuters 2023a</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEÜngör20248-238"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEÜngör20248_238-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFÜngör2024">Üngör 2024</a>, p. 8. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERasgon2024-239"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERasgon2024_239-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRasgon2024">Rasgon 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeller-Lynn2024-240"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeller-Lynn2024_240-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKeller-Lynn2024">Keller-Lynn 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMonks2024-241"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMonks2024_241-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMonks2024">Monks 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-242"><a href="#cite_ref-242">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20241021081250/https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/un-human-rights-office-concerned-over-potential-destruction-palestinian-population-north-gaza">"UN Human Rights Office is concerned over the potential destruction of the Palestinian population in north Gaza"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ReliefWeb" title="ReliefWeb">ReliefWeb</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Rights_Council" title="United Nations Human Rights Council">United Nations Human Rights Council</a>. 20 October 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/un-human-rights-office-concerned-over-potential-destruction-palestinian-population-north-gaza">the original</a> on 21 October 2024. Retrieved 23 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ReliefWeb&rft.atitle=UN+Human+Rights+Office+is+concerned+over+the+potential+destruction+of+the+Palestinian+population+in+north+Gaza&rft.date=2024-10-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freliefweb.int%2Freport%2Foccupied-palestinian-territory%2Fun-human-rights-office-concerned-over-potential-destruction-palestinian-population-north-gaza&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGessen2024-243"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGessen2024_243-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGessen2024">Gessen 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-twailr-244">^ <a href="#cite_ref-twailr_244-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-twailr_244-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-twailr_244-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-twailr_244-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREF"Public_Statement:_Scholars_Warn"2023">"Public Statement: Scholars Warn" 2023</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-245"><a href="#cite_ref-245">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240626182543/https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/israel-gaza-social-media-account-no-innocent-civilians">"'There are no innocent civilians' in Gaza, official Israel account declares"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Eye" title="Middle East Eye">Middle East Eye</a>. 12 June 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/israel-gaza-social-media-account-no-innocent-civilians">the original</a> on 26 June 2024. Retrieved 13 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Eye&rft.atitle=%27There+are+no+innocent+civilians%27+in+Gaza%2C+official+Israel+account+declares&rft.date=2024-06-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeasteye.net%2Fnews%2Fisrael-gaza-social-media-account-no-innocent-civilians&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-246"><a href="#cite_ref-246">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20231120203217/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2023-10-07/ty-article/.premium/israeli-prime-minister-netanyahu-we-are-at-war-we-will-win/0000018b-0978-dc5d-a39f-9f7cb7ee0000">"'We Are at War; We Will Win' – Netanyahu: First Goal Is to Purge Israel From Enemies, Then Exact Huge Price"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2023-10-07/ty-article/.premium/israeli-prime-minister-netanyahu-we-are-at-war-we-will-win/0000018b-0978-dc5d-a39f-9f7cb7ee0000">the original</a> on 20 November 2023. Retrieved 3 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=%27We+Are+at+War%3B+We+Will+Win%27+%E2%80%93+Netanyahu%3A+First+Goal+Is+to+Purge+Israel+From+Enemies%2C+Then+Exact+Huge+Price&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fisrael-news%2F2023-10-07%2Fty-article%2F.premium%2Fisraeli-prime-minister-netanyahu-we-are-at-war-we-will-win%2F0000018b-0978-dc5d-a39f-9f7cb7ee0000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-247"><a href="#cite_ref-247">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240903203302/https://www.barrons.com/news/israel-pm-vows-to-turn-gaza-s-hamas-hideouts-into-rubble-6be65e2d">"Israel PM Vows To Turn Gaza's Hamas Hideouts Into 'Rubble'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Barron%27s" title="Barron's">Barron's</a>. <a href="/wiki/Agence_France-Presse" title="Agence France-Presse">Agence France-Presse</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.barrons.com/news/israel-pm-vows-to-turn-gaza-s-hamas-hideouts-into-rubble-6be65e2d">the original</a> on 3 September 2024. Retrieved 3 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Barron%27s&rft.atitle=Israel+PM+Vows+To+Turn+Gaza%27s+Hamas+Hideouts+Into+%27Rubble%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.barrons.com%2Fnews%2Fisrael-pm-vows-to-turn-gaza-s-hamas-hideouts-into-rubble-6be65e2d&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBartov2023-248">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBartov2023_248-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBartov2023_248-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBartov2023_248-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBartov2023_248-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBartov2023_248-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBartov2023_248-5">f</a> <a href="#CITEREFBartov2023">Bartov 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELevene20245-249">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevene20245_249-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevene20245_249-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFLevene2024">Levene 2024</a>, p. 5. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldenberg2024a-250"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldenberg2024a_250-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGoldenberg2024a">Goldenberg 2024a</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESegalDaniele20242-251"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegalDaniele20242_251-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSegalDaniele2024">Segal & Daniele 2024</a>, p. 2. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESegalDaniele20241-252">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegalDaniele20241_252-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegalDaniele20241_252-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFSegalDaniele2024">Segal & Daniele 2024</a>, p. 1. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESegalDaniele20241–2-253"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegalDaniele20241–2_253-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSegalDaniele2024">Segal & Daniele 2024</a>, pp. 1–2. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELederman20241–2-254"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELederman20241–2_254-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLederman2024">Lederman 2024</a>, pp. 1–2. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMack2023-255"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMack2023_255-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMack2023">Mack 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarnett2023-256"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarnett2023_256-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarnett2023">Barnett 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlbanese20242-257"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlbanese20242_257-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAlbanese2024">Albanese 2024</a>, p. 2. </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240327025758/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20240326-countries-at-un-rally-behind-expert-who-accused-israel-of-genocide">"Countries at UN rally behind expert who accused Israel of 'genocide'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/France_24" title="France 24">France 24</a>. 26 March 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20240326-countries-at-un-rally-behind-expert-who-accused-israel-of-genocide">the original</a> on 27 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=Countries+at+UN+rally+behind+expert+who+accused+Israel+of+%27genocide%27&rft.date=2024-03-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2Flive-news%2F20240326-countries-at-un-rally-behind-expert-who-accused-israel-of-genocide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFoulkes2024-259"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFoulkes2024_259-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFoulkes2024">Foulkes 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl_Jazeera2024g-260"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAl_Jazeera2024g_260-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAl_Jazeera2024g">Al Jazeera 2024g</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-261"><a href="#cite_ref-261">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20241102232452/https://www.newarab.com/news/un-rapporteur-says-israel-committing-settler-colonial-genocide">"UN rapporteur says Israel committing 'settler-colonial genocide'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="New Arab">New Arab</a>. 29 October 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newarab.com/news/un-rapporteur-says-israel-committing-settler-colonial-genocide">the original</a> on 2 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Arab&rft.atitle=UN+rapporteur+says+Israel+committing+%27settler-colonial+genocide%27&rft.date=2024-10-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newarab.com%2Fnews%2Fun-rapporteur-says-israel-committing-settler-colonial-genocide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-262"><a href="#cite_ref-262">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20241102232504/https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2024/10/29/un-expert-says-israel-genocide-seeks-eradication-of-palestinians-from-their-land-">"UN expert says Israel 'genocide' seeks 'eradication' of Palestinians from their land"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Arabiya_English" title="Al Arabiya English">Al Arabiya English</a>. <a href="/wiki/Agence_France-Presse" title="Agence France-Presse">Agence France-Presse</a>. 29 October 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2024/10/29/un-expert-says-israel-genocide-seeks-eradication-of-palestinians-from-their-land-">the original</a> on 2 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Arabiya+English&rft.atitle=UN+expert+says+Israel+%27genocide%27+seeks+%27eradication%27+of+Palestinians+from+their+land&rft.date=2024-10-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.alarabiya.net%2FNews%2Fmiddle-east%2F2024%2F10%2F29%2Fun-expert-says-israel-genocide-seeks-eradication-of-palestinians-from-their-land-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJamshidi2024a13-263"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJamshidi2024a13_263-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJamshidi2024a">Jamshidi 2024a</a>, p. 13. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELevene20245–6-264"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevene20245–6_264-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLevene2024">Levene 2024</a>, pp. 5–6. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuxbaum2023-265">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuxbaum2023_265-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuxbaum2023_265-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFBuxbaum2023">Buxbaum 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFabian2023-266"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFabian2023_266-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFabian2023">Fabian 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl_Jazeera2023c-267"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAl_Jazeera2023c_267-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAl_Jazeera2023c">Al Jazeera 2023c</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchifrinSagalynKopelevWarsi2024-268"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchifrinSagalynKopelevWarsi2024_268-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSchifrinSagalynKopelevWarsi2024">Schifrin et al. 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMitrovica2024-269"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMitrovica2024_269-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMitrovica2024">Mitrovica 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-270"><a href="#cite_ref-270">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"Public_Statement:_Scholars_Warn"2023">"Public Statement: Scholars Warn" 2023</a> ("Israeli Defense Minister Yoav Gallant declared on 9 October that 'we are fighting human animals and we act accordingly'. He subsequently announced that Israel was moving to 'a full-scale response' and that he had 'removed every restriction' on Israeli force."). </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times2024-271"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times2024_271-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_New_York_Times2024">The New York Times 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERosenberg2024-272">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERosenberg2024_272-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERosenberg2024_272-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERosenberg2024_272-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFRosenberg2024">Rosenberg 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDa_Silva2023-273">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDa_Silva2023_273-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDa_Silva2023_273-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDa_Silva2023_273-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFDa_Silva2023">Da Silva 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESemerdjian20245-274"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESemerdjian20245_274-0">^</a> <a href="#Semerdjian2024a">Semerdjian 2024</a>, p. 5. </li> <li id="cite_note-275"><a href="#cite_ref-275">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharon2024" class="citation news cs1">Sharon, Jeremy (29 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240131131350/https://www.timesofisrael.com/12-ministers-call-to-resettle-gaza-encourage-gazans-to-leave-at-jubilant-conference">"Cabinet members call to resettle Gaza, encourage Gazans to leave, at jubilant conference"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Times_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Times of Israel">Times of Israel</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/12-ministers-call-to-resettle-gaza-encourage-gazans-to-leave-at-jubilant-conference/">the original</a> on 31 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Cabinet+members+call+to+resettle+Gaza%2C+encourage+Gazans+to+leave%2C+at+jubilant+conference&rft.date=2024-01-29&rft.aulast=Sharon&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2F12-ministers-call-to-resettle-gaza-encourage-gazans-to-leave-at-jubilant-conference%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris2024-276"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris2024_276-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMorris2024">Morris 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-g366-277"><a href="#cite_ref-g366_277-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/Israel_katz/status/1712876230762967222">"ישראל כ"ץ Israel Katz on X: "Indeed, Madam Congresswoman. We have to …"</a>. X. 17 June 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20240617030248/https://x.com/Israel_katz/status/1712876230762967222">Archived</a> from the original on 17 June 2024. Retrieved 12 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=X&rft.atitle=%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C+%D7%9B%22%D7%A5+Israel+Katz+on+X%3A+%22Indeed%2C+Madam+Congresswoman.+We+have+to+%E2%80%A6&rft.date=2024-06-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FIsrael_katz%2Fstatus%2F1712876230762967222&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShpigel2024-278"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShpigel2024_278-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFShpigel2024">Shpigel 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaaretz2024b-279"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaaretz2024b_279-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHaaretz2024b">Haaretz 2024b</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Guardian_Staff2024-280"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Guardian_Staff2024_280-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Guardian_Staff2024">The Guardian Staff 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERosensaft2024-281"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERosensaft2024_281-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRosensaft2024">Rosensaft 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurga2023-282">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurga2023_282-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurga2023_282-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurga2023_282-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFBurga2023">Burga 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-283"><a href="#cite_ref-283">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLis2024" class="citation news cs1">Lis, Jonathan (28 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20240229123337/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2024-01-28/ty-article/herzog-blasts-icjs-portrayal-of-his-remarks-says-there-are-innocent-palestinians-in-gaza/0000018d-51cb-dfdc-a5ad-dbffce970000">"Israeli President Blasts ICJ's Portrayal of His Remarks, Says There Are Innocent Palestinians in Gaza"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2024-01-28/ty-article/herzog-blasts-icjs-portrayal-of-his-remarks-says-there-are-innocent-palestinians-in-gaza/0000018d-51cb-dfdc-a5ad-dbffce970000">the original</a> on 29 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Israeli+President+Blasts+ICJ%27s+Portrayal+of+His+Remarks%2C+Says+There+Are+Innocent+Palestinians+in+Gaza&rft.date=2024-01-28&rft.aulast=Lis&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fisrael-news%2F2024-01-28%2Fty-article%2Fherzog-blasts-icjs-portrayal-of-his-remarks-says-there-are-innocent-palestinians-in-gaza%2F0000018d-51cb-dfdc-a5ad-dbffce970000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-284"><a href="#cite_ref-284">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241203132210/https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/deputy-knesset-speaker-calls-for-burning-gaza/">"Deputy Knesset speaker calls for burning Gaza"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Times_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Times of Israel">Times of Israel</a>. 17 November 2023. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/deputy-knesset-speaker-calls-for-burning-gaza/">the original</a> on 3 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Deputy+Knesset+speaker+calls+for+burning+Gaza&rft.date=2023-11-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fliveblog_entry%2Fdeputy-knesset-speaker-calls-for-burning-gaza%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMerzouguiRashed2024-285">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMerzouguiRashed2024_285-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMerzouguiRashed2024_285-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFMerzouguiRashed2024">Merzougui & Rashed 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Jerusalem_Post2024a-286"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Jerusalem_Post2024a_286-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Jerusalem_Post2024a">The Jerusalem Post 2024a</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-287"><a href="#cite_ref-287">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20250225025956/https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/senior-israeli-official-says-palestinian-adults-gaza-should-be-eliminated">"Senior Israeli official says all Palestinian adults in Gaza 'should be eliminated'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Eye" title="Middle East Eye">Middle East Eye</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/senior-israeli-official-says-palestinian-adults-gaza-should-be-eliminated">the original</a> on 25 February 2025. Retrieved 25 February 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Eye&rft.atitle=Senior+Israeli+official+says+all+Palestinian+adults+in+Gaza+%27should+be+eliminated%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeasteye.net%2Fnews%2Fsenior-israeli-official-says-palestinian-adults-gaza-should-be-eliminated&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-288"><a href="#cite_ref-288">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20250225-065607/https://kol-barama.co.il/item/%D7%97%D7%9B-%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9D-%D7%95%D7%90%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99-%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%A4%D7%94-%D7%A7%D7%A9%D7%94-%D7%94%D7%9D-%D7%A0%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%AA-%D7%90%D7%A3/">"ch"k nisim vatori bemitkafa ksha: "hem nivlot, af achad be'ulam le rotza otem"" <bdi lang="he">ח"כ ניסים ואטורי במתקפה קשה: "הם נבלות, אף אחד בעולם לא רוצה אותם"</bdi></a> [MK Nissim Vaturi launches a harsh attack: "They are scum, no one in the world wants them"]. <a href="/wiki/Kol_BaRama" title="Kol BaRama">Kol BaRama</a> (in Hebrew). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kol-barama.co.il/item/%D7%97%D7%9B-%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9D-%D7%95%D7%90%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99-%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%A4%D7%94-%D7%A7%D7%A9%D7%94-%D7%94%D7%9D-%D7%A0%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%AA-%D7%90%D7%A3/">the original</a> on 25 February 2025. Retrieved 23 February 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kol+BaRama&rft.atitle=ch%22k+nisim+vatori+bemitkafa+ksha%3A+%22hem+nivlot%2C+af+achad+be%27ulam+le+rotza+otem%22+%D7%97%22%D7%9B+%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9D+%D7%95%D7%90%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99+%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%A4%D7%94+%D7%A7%D7%A9%D7%94%3A+%22%D7%94%D7%9D+%D7%A0%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%AA%2C+%D7%90%D7%A3+%D7%90%D7%97%D7%93+%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%9D+%D7%9C%D7%90+%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%94+%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%9D%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkol-barama.co.il%2Fitem%2F%25D7%2597%25D7%259B-%25D7%25A0%25D7%2599%25D7%25A1%25D7%2599%25D7%259D-%25D7%2595%25D7%2590%25D7%2598%25D7%2595%25D7%25A8%25D7%2599-%25D7%2591%25D7%259E%25D7%25AA%25D7%25A7%25D7%25A4%25D7%2594-%25D7%25A7%25D7%25A9%25D7%2594-%25D7%2594%25D7%259D-%25D7%25A0%25D7%2591%25D7%259C%25D7%2595%25D7%25AA-%25D7%2590%25D7%25A3%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGraham-HarrisonKierszenbaum2024-289">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGraham-HarrisonKierszenbaum2024_289-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGraham-HarrisonKierszenbaum2024_289-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGraham-HarrisonKierszenbaum2024_289-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGraham-HarrisonKierszenbaum2024_289-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFGraham-HarrisonKierszenbaum2024">Graham-Harrison & Kierszenbaum 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaaretz2024a-290"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaaretz2024a_290-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHaaretz2024a">Haaretz 2024a</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-291"><a href="#cite_ref-291">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240129094036/https://apnews.com/article/israel-palestinians-gaza-evacuation-history-nakba-a1bec1ee3477573e80b39b4044a48111">"In Israel's call for mass evacuation, Palestinians hear echoes of their original catastrophic exodus"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. 13 October 2023. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/israel-palestinians-gaza-evacuation-history-nakba-a1bec1ee3477573e80b39b4044a48111">the original</a> on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 5 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=In+Israel%27s+call+for+mass+evacuation%2C+Palestinians+hear+echoes+of+their+original+catastrophic+exodus&rft.date=2023-10-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fisrael-palestinians-gaza-evacuation-history-nakba-a1bec1ee3477573e80b39b4044a48111&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShpigel2025-292"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShpigel2025_292-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFShpigel2025">Shpigel 2025</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGjevori2025-293"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGjevori2025_293-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGjevori2025">Gjevori 2025</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYeni_Şafak_English2025-294"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYeni_Şafak_English2025_294-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFYeni_Şafak_English2025">Yeni Şafak English 2025</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunkelgrün2018-295"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunkelgrün2018_295-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDunkelgrün2018">Dunkelgrün 2018</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-296"><a href="#cite_ref-296">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBartov2023">Bartov 2023</a>; <a href="#CITEREFJones2024">Jones 2024</a>; <a href="#CITEREFLevene2024">Levene 2024</a>, pp. 4–5; <a href="#CITEREFCoghill2024">Coghill 2024</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECoghill2024-297">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoghill2024_297-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoghill2024_297-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFCoghill2024">Coghill 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENetanyahu2023a-298"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENetanyahu2023a_298-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNetanyahu2023a">Netanyahu 2023a</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEl-Affendi20242-299"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEl-Affendi20242_299-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEl-Affendi2024">El-Affendi 2024</a>, p. 2. </li> <li id="cite_note-302"><a href="#cite_ref-302">^</a> <div><ul><li><a href="#CITEREFMarinWest2024">Marin & West 2024</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFBybelezer2023">Bybelezer 2023</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFJones2024">Jones 2024</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFNetanyahu2023b">Netanyahu 2023b</a></li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELanard2023-304"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELanard2023_304-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLanard2023">Lanard 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENareaSamuel2023-305">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENareaSamuel2023_305-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENareaSamuel2023_305-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENareaSamuel2023_305-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENareaSamuel2023_305-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFNareaSamuel2023">Narea & Samuel 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcGreal2023-306">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcGreal2023_306-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcGreal2023_306-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcGreal2023_306-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcGreal2023_306-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcGreal2023">McGreal 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcKernanKierszenbaum2023-307"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcKernanKierszenbaum2023_307-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcKernanKierszenbaum2023">McKernan & Kierszenbaum 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlam2023-308"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlam2023_308-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAlam2023">Alam 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAssi2024-309">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAssi2024_309-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAssi2024_309-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAssi2024_309-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFAssi2024">Assi 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-310"><a href="#cite_ref-310">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMalsinShah2023">Malsin & Shah 2023</a>: "The destruction resembles that left by Allied bombing of German cities during World War II. "The word 'Gaza' is going to go down in history along with Dresden and other famous cities that have been bombed," said Robert Pape, a political scientist at the University of Chicago and the author of a history of aerial bombing. "What you're seeing in Gaza is in the top 25% of the most intense punishment campaigns in history."" </li> <li id="cite_note-311"><a href="#cite_ref-311">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLazaroff2023">Lazaroff 2023</a>: "We have sort of forgotten that in war, very sadly people lose their lives. When Britain bombed Dresden 35,000 people lost their lives. When you have an organization like Hamas hiding and shielding itself with and under the civilian population [in Gaza] it's a sad fact that some people will lose their lives." </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrawn2024a-312"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrawn2024a_312-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrawn2024a">Brawn 2024a</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEConley2024b-313"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConley2024b_313-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFConley2024b">Conley 2024b</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESultany20241–2-314">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESultany20241–2_314-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESultany20241–2_314-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFSultany2024">Sultany 2024</a>, pp. 1–2. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDi-Capua202413–14-315"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDi-Capua202413–14_315-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDi-Capua2024">Di-Capua 2024</a>, pp. 13–14. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDi-Capua20243–4-316"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDi-Capua20243–4_316-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDi-Capua2024">Di-Capua 2024</a>, pp. 3–4. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Jerusalem_Post2024c-317"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Jerusalem_Post2024c_317-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Jerusalem_Post2024c">The Jerusalem Post 2024c</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJamshidi2024b-318"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJamshidi2024b_318-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJamshidi2024b">Jamshidi 2024b</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJamshidi2024a10-319"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJamshidi2024a10_319-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJamshidi2024a">Jamshidi 2024a</a>, p. 10. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuigley2024a-320"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuigley2024a_320-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFQuigley2024a">Quigley 2024a</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKomnenic2023-321"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKomnenic2023_321-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKomnenic2023">Komnenic 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Bouranova-322">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bouranova_322-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bouranova_322-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFBouranova2024">Bouranova 2024</a>: "The opposition is political, as there is consensus amongst the international human rights legal community, many other legal and political experts, including many Holocaust scholars, that Israel is committing genocide in Gaza." </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMohyeldin2024-323"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMohyeldin2024_323-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMohyeldin2024">Mohyeldin 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMagdy2024-324"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMagdy2024_324-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMagdy2024">Magdy 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELanard2024-325"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELanard2024_325-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLanard2024">Lanard 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaque2024b-326"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaque2024b_326-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHaque2024b">Haque 2024b</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeller2024-327"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeller2024_327-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGeller2024">Geller 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcDoom20242–3-328"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcDoom20242–3_328-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcDoom2024">McDoom 2024</a>, pp. 2–3. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESperi2024-329">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESperi2024_329-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESperi2024_329-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFSperi2024">Speri 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESegal2023a-330">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegal2023a_330-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegal2023a_330-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFSegal2023a">Segal 2023a</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-331"><a href="#cite_ref-331">^</a> <div><ul><li><a href="#Semerdjian2024a">Semerdjian 2024</a>, p. 3</li><li><a href="#CITEREFSamudzi2024">Samudzi 2024</a>, pp. 6–7</li><li><a href="#CITEREFStacey2023">Stacey 2023</a></li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZarni2023-332"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZarni2023_332-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFZarni2023">Zarni 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-sccoip-333"><a href="#cite_ref-sccoip_333-0">^</a> <div><ul><li><a href="#CITEREFWafa2023">Wafa 2023</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFAl-Haq_et_al.2023">Al-Haq et al. 2023</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFAddameer2023">Addameer 2023</a></li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENarea2024-334">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENarea2024_334-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENarea2024_334-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFNarea2024">Narea 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrilingJockuschSteir-LivnyPatt2023-336">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrilingJockuschSteir-LivnyPatt2023_336-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrilingJockuschSteir-LivnyPatt2023_336-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFFrilingJockuschSteir-LivnyPatt2023">Friling et al. 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESegalDaniele20247-337">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegalDaniele20247_337-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegalDaniele20247_337-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFSegalDaniele2024">Segal & Daniele 2024</a>, p. 7. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBartov2024-338"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBartov2024_338-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBartov2024">Bartov 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMahdawi2024-339"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMahdawi2024_339-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMahdawi2024">Mahdawi 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShaw2023-340"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShaw2023_340-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFShaw2023">Shaw 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoses2023b-341"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoses2023b_341-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMoses2023b">Moses 2023b</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShaw20243,_5-342"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShaw20243,_5_342-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFShaw2024">Shaw 2024</a>, pp. 3, 5. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEl-Affendi20245–6-343"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEl-Affendi20245–6_343-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEl-Affendi2024">El-Affendi 2024</a>, pp. 5–6. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEl-Affendi2024b-344"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEl-Affendi2024b_344-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEl-Affendi2024b">El-Affendi 2024b</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELederman20241–2,_5-345"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELederman20241–2,_5_345-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLederman2024">Lederman 2024</a>, pp. 1–2, 5. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELederman20244-346"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELederman20244_346-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLederman2024">Lederman 2024</a>, p. 4. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESegalDaniele20248-347"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegalDaniele20248_347-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSegalDaniele2024">Segal & Daniele 2024</a>, p. 8. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFassin20244-348"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFassin20244_348-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFassin2024">Fassin 2024</a>, p. 4. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFassin20244–5-349"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFassin20244–5_349-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFassin2024">Fassin 2024</a>, pp. 4–5. </li> <li 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240430142313/https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20240430-yes-it-is-genocide-in-gaza-says-israeli-professor-of-holocaust-studies/">"'Yes, it is genocide' in Gaza says Israeli professor of Holocaust studies"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Monitor" title="Middle East Monitor">Middle East Monitor</a>. 30 April 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20240430-yes-it-is-genocide-in-gaza-says-israeli-professor-of-holocaust-studies/">the original</a> on 30 April 2024. Retrieved 3 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Monitor&rft.atitle=%27Yes%2C+it+is+genocide%27+in+Gaza+says+Israeli+professor+of+Holocaust+studies&rft.date=2024-04-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeastmonitor.com%2F20240430-yes-it-is-genocide-in-gaza-says-israeli-professor-of-holocaust-studies%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELe_Bars2024-355"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELe_Bars2024_355-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLe_Bars2024">Le Bars 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldbergBlatman2025a-356"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldbergBlatman2025a_356-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGoldbergBlatman2025a">Goldberg & Blatman 2025a</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldbergBlatman2025b-357"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldbergBlatman2025b_357-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGoldbergBlatman2025b">Goldberg & Blatman 2025b</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELevene20242-358"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevene20242_358-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLevene2024">Levene 2024</a>, p. 2. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELevene20245–7-359"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevene20245–7_359-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLevene2024">Levene 2024</a>, pp. 5–7. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlein202520-360"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlein202520_360-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKlein2025">Klein 2025</a>, p. 20. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMotamediSiddiqui2024b-361"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotamediSiddiqui2024b_361-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMotamediSiddiqui2024b">Motamedi & Siddiqui 2024b</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELynchTelhami2024-362"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELynchTelhami2024_362-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLynchTelhami2024">Lynch & Telhami 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-363"><a href="#cite_ref-363">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240626215735/https://criticalissues.umd.edu/middle-east-scholar-barometer">"2021 Middle East Scholar Barometer #7 (May 23 – June 6, 2024)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Maryland" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Maryland">University of Maryland</a>. 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It is equally damaging to the legitimacy of Holocaust and Genocide Studies as a field when such false claims are presented in the guise of scholarly expertise." </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAngel2024-392"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAngel2024_392-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAngel2024">Angel 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETraverso2024[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid7-8PEQAAQBAJpgPA8_8]-393"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETraverso2024[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid7-8PEQAAQBAJpgPA8_8]_393-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTraverso2024">Traverso 2024</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7-8PEQAAQBAJ&pg=PA8">8</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChao-FongBelamAhmad2023-394">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChao-FongBelamAhmad2023_394-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChao-FongBelamAhmad2023_394-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFChao-FongBelamAhmad2023">Chao-Fong, Belam & Ahmad 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-AP_News-South_Africa-395">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AP_News-South_Africa_395-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP_News-South_Africa_395-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP_News-South_Africa_395-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP_News-South_Africa_395-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AP_News-South_Africa_395-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240122062939/https://apnews.com/article/south-africa-israel-un-court-palestinians-genocide-ffe672c4eb3e14a30128542eaa537b21">"South Africa launches case at top UN court accusing Israel of genocide in Gaza"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. 29 December 2023. 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Retrieved 3 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=South+Africa+launches+case+at+top+UN+court+accusing+Israel+of+genocide+in+Gaza&rft.date=2023-12-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fsouth-africa-israel-un-court-palestinians-genocide-ffe672c4eb3e14a30128542eaa537b21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarl2023-396"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarl2023_396-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCarl2023">Carl 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-397"><a href="#cite_ref-397">^</a> <div><ul><li><a href="#CITEREFRoelfSterling2023">Roelf & Sterling 2023</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFRifai2024">Rifai 2024</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFConley2024a">Conley 2024a</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFJimoh2024">Jimoh 2024</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFThe_Palestine_Chronicle2024a">The Palestine Chronicle 2024a</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFShamim2024">Shamim 2024</a></li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-Progressive_International_2024-398"><a href="#cite_ref-Progressive_International_2024_398-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://progressive.international/wire/2024-01-08-we-support-south-africas-genocide-convention-case-against-israel/en/">"We Support South Africa's Genocide Convention Case Against Israel"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Progressive_International" title="Progressive International">Progressive International</a>. 8 January 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240108224921/https://progressive.international/wire/2024-01-08-we-support-south-africas-genocide-convention-case-against-israel/en/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 January 2024. Retrieved 8 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=We+Support+South+Africa%27s+Genocide+Convention+Case+Against+Israel&rft.pub=Progressive+International&rft.date=2024-01-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprogressive.international%2Fwire%2F2024-01-08-we-support-south-africas-genocide-convention-case-against-israel%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECorder2024-399">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECorder2024_399-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECorder2024_399-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECorder2024_399-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFCorder2024">Corder 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHuman_Rights_Watch2024a-400"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHuman_Rights_Watch2024a_400-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHuman_Rights_Watch2024a">Human Rights Watch 2024a</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-401"><a href="#cite_ref-401">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20240306223624/https://www.reuters.com/world/south-africa-asks-world-court-more-measures-against-israel-2024-03-06/">"South Africa asks World Court for more measures against Israel"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. 6 March 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/south-africa-asks-world-court-more-measures-against-israel-2024-03-06/">the original</a> on 6 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=South+Africa+asks+World+Court+for+more+measures+against+Israel&rft.date=2024-03-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fsouth-africa-asks-world-court-more-measures-against-israel-2024-03-06%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-402"><a href="#cite_ref-402">^</a> <div><ul><li><a href="#CITEREFTaub2024">Taub 2024</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFWintour2024">Wintour 2024</a>: "a directive widely seen to have instructed Israel to completely stop its military offensive"</li><li><a href="#CITEREFClayton2024a">Clayton 2024a</a>: "It was widely viewed as an unambiguous statement: The top United Nations court ordered Israel to immediately halt its military assault on Rafah — a dramatic intervention that left the nation and its chief ally, the U.S., increasingly isolated on the world stage."</li><li><a href="#CITEREFHaque2024a">Haque 2024a</a></li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Herald2024-403"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Herald2024_403-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Herald2024">The Herald 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELazaroff2024a-404"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELazaroff2024a_404-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLazaroff2024a">Lazaroff 2024a</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl-Mughrabi2024-405"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAl-Mughrabi2024_405-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAl-Mughrabi2024">Al-Mughrabi 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcKernan2024-406">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcKernan2024_406-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcKernan2024_406-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcKernan2024">McKernan 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-NBC-2024-01-26-407"><a href="#cite_ref-NBC-2024-01-26_407-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240130123637/https://www.nbcnews.com/video/netanyahu-rejects-outrageous-icj-charges-of-gaza-genocide-203021381942">"'Not only false, it's outrageous': Netanyahu rejects Gaza genocide charges"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a>. 26 January 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/video/netanyahu-rejects-outrageous-icj-charges-of-gaza-genocide-203021381942">the original</a> on 30 January 2024. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icc-cpi.int/news/statement-icc-prosecutor-karim-aa-khan-kc-applications-arrest-warrants-situation-state">the original</a> on 20 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statement+of+ICC+Prosecutor+Karim+A.A.+Khan+KC%3A+Applications+for+arrest+warrants+in+the+situation+in+the+State+of+Palestine&rft.pub=International+Criminal+Court&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.icc-cpi.int%2Fnews%2Fstatement-icc-prosecutor-karim-aa-khan-kc-applications-arrest-warrants-situation-state&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELuban2024-411"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELuban2024_411-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLuban2024">Luban 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-412"><a href="#cite_ref-412">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20250119110531/https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2024/12/amnesty-international-concludes-israel-is-committing-genocide-against-palestinians-in-gaza/">"Amnesty International concludes Israel is committing genocide against Palestinians in Gaza"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a>. 5 December 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2024/12/amnesty-international-concludes-israel-is-committing-genocide-against-palestinians-in-gaza/">the original</a> on 19 January 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Amnesty+International&rft.atitle=Amnesty+International+concludes+Israel+is+committing+genocide+against+Palestinians+in+Gaza&rft.date=2024-12-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amnesty.org%2Fen%2Flatest%2Fnews%2F2024%2F12%2Famnesty-international-concludes-israel-is-committing-genocide-against-palestinians-in-gaza%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFerrer2024-413"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFerrer2024_413-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFerrer2024">Ferrer 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMansoor2023-414">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMansoor2023_414-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMansoor2023_414-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMansoor2023_414-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFMansoor2023">Mansoor 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaigh2023-415"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaigh2023_415-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHaigh2023">Haigh 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHanson2023-416">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHanson2023_416-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHanson2023_416-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFHanson2023">Hanson 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESegalDaniele20249-417"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegalDaniele20249_417-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSegalDaniele2024">Segal & Daniele 2024</a>, p. 9. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHubler2024-418"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHubler2024_418-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHubler2024">Hubler 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBorger2024-419"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBorger2024_419-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBorger2024">Borger 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl_Jazeera2024c-420"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAl_Jazeera2024c_420-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAl_Jazeera2024c">Al Jazeera 2024c</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl_Jazeera2024e-421"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAl_Jazeera2024e_421-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAl_Jazeera2024e">Al Jazeera 2024e</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchaer2024-422">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchaer2024_422-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchaer2024_422-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFSchaer2024">Schaer 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-423"><a href="#cite_ref-423">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240224115453/https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20240223-gaza-victims-sue-german-government-for-aiding-genocide-against-palestinians/">"Gaza victims sue German government for 'aiding genocide against Palestinians'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Monitor" title="Middle East Monitor">Middle East Monitor</a>. 23 February 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20240223-gaza-victims-sue-german-government-for-aiding-genocide-against-palestinians/">the original</a> on 24 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Monitor&rft.atitle=Gaza+victims+sue+German+government+for+%27aiding+genocide+against+Palestinians%27&rft.date=2024-02-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeastmonitor.com%2F20240223-gaza-victims-sue-german-government-for-aiding-genocide-against-palestinians%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mee-2024-1-1-424">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mee-2024-1-1_424-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mee-2024-1-1_424-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240302035942/https://www.middleeasteye.net/live-blog/live-blog-update/nicaragua-files-application-world-court-accusing-germany-complicity-gaza">"Nicaragua files application to World Court, accusing Germany of complicity in Gaza genocide"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Eye" title="Middle East Eye">Middle East Eye</a>. 1 March 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.middleeasteye.net/live-blog/live-blog-update/nicaragua-files-application-world-court-accusing-germany-complicity-gaza">the original</a> on 2 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Eye&rft.atitle=Nicaragua+files+application+to+World+Court%2C+accusing+Germany+of+complicity+in+Gaza+genocide&rft.date=2024-03-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeasteye.net%2Flive-blog%2Flive-blog-update%2Fnicaragua-files-application-world-court-accusing-germany-complicity-gaza&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_den_Berg2024-425">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_den_Berg2024_425-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_den_Berg2024_425-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFvan_den_Berg2024">van den Berg 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWedesweiler2024-426"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWedesweiler2024_426-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWedesweiler2024">Wedesweiler 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERothwell2024-427"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERothwell2024_427-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRothwell2024">Rothwell 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBastaki2024-428"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBastaki2024_428-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBastaki2024">Bastaki 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalker_M.2024-429"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalker_M.2024_429-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWalker_M.2024">Walker M. 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOxfam2024-431"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOxfam2024_431-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOxfam2024">Oxfam 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMohamedSiddiqui2024-432"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMohamedSiddiqui2024_432-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMohamedSiddiqui2024">Mohamed & Siddiqui 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELakhaniNiranjan2024-433">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELakhaniNiranjan2024_433-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELakhaniNiranjan2024_433-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFLakhaniNiranjan2024">Lakhani & Niranjan 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESirleaf2024182-434"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESirleaf2024182_434-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSirleaf2024">Sirleaf 2024</a>, p. 182. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELarson2024-435"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarson2024_435-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLarson2024">Larson2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-436"><a href="#cite_ref-436">^</a> <div><ul><li><a href="#CITEREFBeaklini2023">Beaklini 2023</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFPorras2023">Porras 2023</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFScahillGrim2024">Scahill & Grim 2024</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFLevitz2023">Levitz 2023</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFAyyash2023">Ayyash 2023</a></li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEForbes_Breaking_News2023-437">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEForbes_Breaking_News2023_437-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEForbes_Breaking_News2023_437-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFForbes_Breaking_News2023">Forbes Breaking News 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShmilovitz2023-438"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShmilovitz2023_438-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFShmilovitz2023">Shmilovitz 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarsiVarshalomidzeHarbOsgood2024-439"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarsiVarshalomidzeHarbOsgood2024_439-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMarsiVarshalomidzeHarbOsgood2024">Marsi et al. 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarb2024b-440"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarb2024b_440-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarb2024b">Harb 2024b</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarbOsgood2024-441"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarbOsgood2024_441-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarbOsgood2024">Harb & Osgood 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWellsCortés-MoralesEssonHorgan20242–3-442"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWellsCortés-MoralesEssonHorgan20242–3_442-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWellsCortés-MoralesEssonHorgan2024">Wells et al. 2024</a>, pp. 2–3. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMitrovica2023-443"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMitrovica2023_443-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMitrovica2023">Mitrovica 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESalam_E.2023-444"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalam_E.2023_444-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSalam_E.2023">Salam E. 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHooper2023-445"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHooper2023_445-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHooper2023">Hooper 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarb2023-446"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarb2023_446-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarb2023">Harb 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-447"><a href="#cite_ref-447">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231028030424/https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20231026-us-congressman-palestine-will-be-turned-into-a-parking-lot/">"US congressman: 'Palestine will be turned into a parking lot'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Monitor" title="Middle East Monitor">Middle East Monitor</a>. 26 October 2023. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20231026-us-congressman-palestine-will-be-turned-into-a-parking-lot/">the original</a> on 28 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Monitor&rft.atitle=US+congressman%3A+%27Palestine+will+be+turned+into+a+parking+lot%27&rft.date=2023-10-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeastmonitor.com%2F20231026-us-congressman-palestine-will-be-turned-into-a-parking-lot%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEaton2023-448"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEaton2023_448-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEaton2023">Eaton 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELuciano2023-449"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELuciano2023_449-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLuciano2023">Luciano 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMedia_Matters_Staff2023-450"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMedia_Matters_Staff2023_450-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMedia_Matters_Staff2023">Media Matters Staff 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOtten2023-451"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOtten2023_451-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOtten2023">Otten 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOtten2024-452"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOtten2024_452-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOtten2024">Otten 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReid2024-453"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReid2024_453-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFReid2024">Reid 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownGang2024-454"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrownGang2024_454-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrownGang2024">Brown & Gang 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-455"><a href="#cite_ref-455">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240320003254/https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20240221-we-should-kill-them-all-us-congressmans-shocking-comment-on-gaza-children/">"US Congressman's shocking comment on Gaza children"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Monitor" title="Middle East Monitor">Middle East Monitor</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20240221-we-should-kill-them-all-us-congressmans-shocking-comment-on-gaza-children/">the original</a> on 20 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Monitor&rft.atitle=US+Congressman%27s+shocking+comment+on+Gaza+children&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeastmonitor.com%2F20240221-we-should-kill-them-all-us-congressmans-shocking-comment-on-gaza-children%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBacallao2024-456"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBacallao2024_456-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBacallao2024">Bacallao 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-457"><a href="#cite_ref-457">^</a> <div><ul><li><a href="#CITEREFJohnson2024a">Johnson 2024a</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFMcCann_Ramirez2024">McCann Ramirez 2024</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFHillyardSmith2024">Hillyard & Smith 2024</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFSamuels2024a">Samuels 2024a</a></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240306233613/https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20240306-trump-calls-on-israel-to-finish-the-problem-in-gaza-suggesting-intensification-of-genocide/">"Trump calls on Israel to 'finish the problem' in Gaza, suggesting intensification of genocide"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Monitor" title="Middle East Monitor">Middle East Monitor</a>. 6 March 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20240306-trump-calls-on-israel-to-finish-the-problem-in-gaza-suggesting-intensification-of-genocide/">the original</a> on 6 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Monitor&rft.atitle=Trump+calls+on+Israel+to+%27finish+the+problem%27+in+Gaza%2C+suggesting+intensification+of+genocide&rft.date=2024-03-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeastmonitor.com%2F20240306-trump-calls-on-israel-to-finish-the-problem-in-gaza-suggesting-intensification-of-genocide%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li><li><a href="#CITEREFWalker_C.2024">Walker C. 2024</a></li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVargas2024-458"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVargas2024_458-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFVargas2024">Vargas 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFossum2024-459"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFossum2024_459-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFossum2024">Fossum 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVigdor2024-460"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVigdor2024_460-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFVigdor2024">Vigdor 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-461"><a href="#cite_ref-461">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231126213309/http://www.reuters.com/world/us-representative-tlaib-accuses-biden-supporting-genocide-against-palestinians-2023-11-04/">"US Representative Tlaib accuses Biden of supporting genocide against Palestinians"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. 4 November 2023. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/us-representative-tlaib-accuses-biden-supporting-genocide-against-palestinians-2023-11-04/">the original</a> on 26 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=US+Representative+Tlaib+accuses+Biden+of+supporting+genocide+against+Palestinians&rft.date=2023-11-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fus-representative-tlaib-accuses-biden-supporting-genocide-against-palestinians-2023-11-04%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDemirjian2023-462">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDemirjian2023_462-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDemirjian2023_462-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFDemirjian2023">Demirjian 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoughtaling2023-463"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoughtaling2023_463-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHoughtaling2023">Houghtaling 2023</a>: "Once again, we are seeing a genocide unfolding before our eyes, and the Organization that we serve appears powerless to stop it." </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Palestine_Chronicle2024b-464"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Palestine_Chronicle2024b_464-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Palestine_Chronicle2024b">The Palestine Chronicle 2024b</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAhmed2023-465"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAhmed2023_465-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAhmed2023">Ahmed 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbdul2023-466"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbdul2023_466-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAbdul2023">Abdul 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-467"><a href="#cite_ref-467">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231215080729/https://www.savethechildren.org.uk/news/media-centre/press-releases/conditions-to-provide-humanitarian-assistance-to-children-in-gaz">"STATEMENT: 'We are failing the Children of Gaza'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Save_the_Children" title="Save the Children">Save the Children</a>. 8 December 2023. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.savethechildren.org.uk/news/media-centre/press-releases/conditions-to-provide-humanitarian-assistance-to-children-in-gaz">the original</a> on 15 December 2023. Retrieved 11 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Save+the+Children&rft.atitle=STATEMENT%3A+%27We+are+failing+the+Children+of+Gaza%27&rft.date=2023-12-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.savethechildren.org.uk%2Fnews%2Fmedia-centre%2Fpress-releases%2Fconditions-to-provide-humanitarian-assistance-to-children-in-gaz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-468"><a href="#cite_ref-468">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231215080728/https://www.newarab.com/news/humza-yousaf-says-uk-complicit-killing-gaza-children">"Humza Yousaf says UK 'complicit' in killing Gaza children"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_Arab" title="The New Arab">The New Arab</a>. 10 December 2023. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newarab.com/news/humza-yousaf-says-uk-complicit-killing-gaza-children">the original</a> on 15 December 2023. Retrieved 11 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Arab&rft.atitle=Humza+Yousaf+says+UK+%27complicit%27+in+killing+Gaza+children&rft.date=2023-12-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newarab.com%2Fnews%2Fhumza-yousaf-says-uk-complicit-killing-gaza-children&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdlerNajjar2024-469"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdlerNajjar2024_469-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAdlerNajjar2024">Adler & Najjar 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELawless2024-470"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELawless2024_470-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLawless2024">Lawless 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown2024-471"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown2024_471-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrown2024">Brown 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-472"><a href="#cite_ref-472">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240909070817/https://lawyersletter.uk/#signatories">"UK Judges' and Lawyers' Open Letter Concerning Gaza"</a>. 3 April 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lawyersletter.uk/#signatories">the original</a> on 9 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UK+Judges%27+and+Lawyers%27+Open+Letter+Concerning+Gaza&rft.date=2024-04-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flawyersletter.uk%2F%23signatories&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECecil2024-473"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECecil2024_473-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCecil2024">Cecil 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFisher2024-474"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFisher2024_474-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFisher2024">Fisher 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEObermaier2023-475">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEObermaier2023_475-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEObermaier2023_475-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFObermaier2023">Obermaier 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-476"><a href="#cite_ref-476">^</a> <div><ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240221073758/https://www.dw.com/en/berlin-police-break-up-banned-pro-palestinian-rally/a-67104373">"Berlin police break up banned pro-Palestinian rally"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a>. 16 October 2023. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/berlin-police-break-up-banned-pro-palestinian-rally/a-67104373">the original</a> on 21 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=Berlin+police+break+up+banned+pro-Palestinian+rally&rft.date=2023-10-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fberlin-police-break-up-banned-pro-palestinian-rally%2Fa-67104373&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li><li><a href="#CITEREFJamal2023">Jamal 2023</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFSharma_G.2023">Sharma G. 2023</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFMarsh2023">Marsh 2023</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFSchaer2023">Schaer 2023</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFBoffey2023">Boffey 2023</a></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240222200733/https://www.dw.com/en/police-in-berlin-ban-pro-palestinian-new-year-rally/a-67858991">"Police in Berlin ban pro-Palestinian New Year rally"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a>. 30 December 2023. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/police-in-berlin-ban-pro-palestinian-new-year-rally/a-67858991">the original</a> on 22 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=Police+in+Berlin+ban+pro-Palestinian+New+Year+rally&rft.date=2023-12-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fpolice-in-berlin-ban-pro-palestinian-new-year-rally%2Fa-67858991&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKuras2023-477"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKuras2023_477-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKuras2023">Kuras 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVaroufakis2024-478"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVaroufakis2024_478-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFVaroufakis2024">Varoufakis 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrankfurter_Rundschau2024-479"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrankfurter_Rundschau2024_479-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFrankfurter_Rundschau2024">Frankfurter Rundschau 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-480"><a href="#cite_ref-480">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSharma_V.2023">Sharma V. 2023</a>: "The Taliban's response to the current conflict is entirely in support of the Palestinians and calls out Israeli aggression for violating their rights and the sanctity of Al-Aqsa and other mosques in Palestine. In a series of tweets, Afghanistan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs referred to Israel's bombardment as a "genocide."" </li> <li id="cite_note-481"><a href="#cite_ref-481">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240117192320/https://mfa.gov.af/en/the-ministry-of-foreign-affairs-of-the-islamic-emirate-of-afghanistan-condemns-in-the-strongest-terms-the-bombardment-of-the-al-mamadani-hospital-in-gaza-by-the-zionist-forces-and-deems-this-act-barba/">"The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan condemns in the strongest terms the bombardment of the Al-Mamadani Hospital in Gaza by the Zionist forces and deems this act barbaric and a crime against humanity"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Afghanistan)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Afghanistan)">Afghanistan Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a>. 18 October 2023. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mfa.gov.af/en/the-ministry-of-foreign-affairs-of-the-islamic-emirate-of-afghanistan-condemns-in-the-strongest-terms-the-bombardment-of-the-al-mamadani-hospital-in-gaza-by-the-zionist-forces-and-deems-this-act-barba/">the original</a> on 17 January 2024. Retrieved 17 January 2024. <q>We stand in solidarity with the Palestinians, and with countries and organisations calling for the immediate end of the ongoing genocide and bringing its perpetrators to justice.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs+of+the+Islamic+Emirate+of+Afghanistan+condemns+in+the+strongest+terms+the+bombardment+of+the+Al-Mamadani+Hospital+in+Gaza+by+the+Zionist+forces+and+deems+this+act+barbaric+and+a+crime+against+humanity.&rft.pub=Afghanistan+Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs&rft.date=2023-10-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmfa.gov.af%2Fen%2Fthe-ministry-of-foreign-affairs-of-the-islamic-emirate-of-afghanistan-condemns-in-the-strongest-terms-the-bombardment-of-the-al-mamadani-hospital-in-gaza-by-the-zionist-forces-and-deems-this-act-barba%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-482"><a href="#cite_ref-482">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20231107-algeria-calls-on-icc-to-hold-israel-accountable-for-its-crimes-in-gaza/">"Algeria calls on ICC to hold Israel accountable for its crimes in Gaza"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Monitor" title="Middle East Monitor">Middle East Monitor</a>. 7 November 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240615105905/https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20231107-algeria-calls-on-icc-to-hold-israel-accountable-for-its-crimes-in-gaza/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 June 2024. Retrieved 12 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Monitor&rft.atitle=Algeria+calls+on+ICC+to+hold+Israel+accountable+for+its+crimes+in+Gaza&rft.date=2023-11-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeastmonitor.com%2F20231107-algeria-calls-on-icc-to-hold-israel-accountable-for-its-crimes-in-gaza%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-483"><a href="#cite_ref-483">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/bangladesh-backs-south-africas-genocide-claims-against-israel/">"Bangladesh backs South Africa's genocide claims against Israel"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_Israel" title="The Times of Israel">The Times of Israel</a>. 15 January 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240518030802/https://www.timesofisrael.com/bangladesh-backs-south-africas-genocide-claims-against-israel/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2024. Retrieved 17 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Bangladesh+backs+South+Africa%27s+genocide+claims+against+Israel&rft.date=2024-01-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fbangladesh-backs-south-africas-genocide-claims-against-israel%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShankar2024-484"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShankar2024_484-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFShankar2024">Shankar 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl_Jazeera2024d-485"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAl_Jazeera2024d_485-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAl_Jazeera2024d">Al Jazeera 2024d</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerdélio2023-486"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerdélio2023_486-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFVerdélio2023">Verdélio 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl_Jazeera2024b-487"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAl_Jazeera2024b_487-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAl_Jazeera2024b">Al Jazeera 2024b</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDyer2024-488"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDyer2024_488-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDyer2024">Dyer 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEInfobae2024-489"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEInfobae2024_489-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFInfobae2024">Infobae 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-490"><a href="#cite_ref-490">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20241010210017/https://apnews.com/article/chile-israel-hamas-gaza-international-court-a8ed91da3ec408b414fb51deef329085">"Chile joins developing nations rallying behind genocide case against Israel at international court"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. 1 June 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/chile-israel-hamas-gaza-international-court-a8ed91da3ec408b414fb51deef329085">the original</a> on 10 October 2024. Retrieved 7 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Chile+joins+developing+nations+rallying+behind+genocide+case+against+Israel+at+international+court&rft.date=2024-06-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fchile-israel-hamas-gaza-international-court-a8ed91da3ec408b414fb51deef329085&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl_Jazeera2023e-491"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAl_Jazeera2023e_491-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAl_Jazeera2023e">Al Jazeera 2023e</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-492"><a href="#cite_ref-492">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.barrons.com/news/colombia-suspends-israel-arms-purchases-after-gaza-aid-convoy-deaths-27e6b4c3">"Colombia Suspends Israel Arms Purchases After Gaza Aid Convoy Deaths"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Barron%27s" title="Barron's">Barron's</a>. <a href="/wiki/Agence_France-Presse" title="Agence France-Presse">Agence France-Presse</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240229213821/https://www.barrons.com/news/colombia-suspends-israel-arms-purchases-after-gaza-aid-convoy-deaths-27e6b4c3">Archived</a> from the original on 29 February 2024. Retrieved 29 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Barron%27s&rft.atitle=Colombia+Suspends+Israel+Arms+Purchases+After+Gaza+Aid+Convoy+Deaths&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.barrons.com%2Fnews%2Fcolombia-suspends-israel-arms-purchases-after-gaza-aid-convoy-deaths-27e6b4c3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERueda2023-493"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERueda2023_493-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRueda2023">Rueda 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECuban_Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs2024-494"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECuban_Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs2024_494-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCuban_Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs2024">Cuban Ministry of Foreign Affairs 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPowerRasheedUras2024-495"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPowerRasheedUras2024_495-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPowerRasheedUras2024">Power, Rasheed & Uras 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-496"><a href="#cite_ref-496">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spa.gov.sa/en/N1995662">"President of Djibouti: Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing against Palestinian People Constitute War Crime"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Press_Agency" title="Saudi Press Agency">Saudi Press Agency</a>. 11 November 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240405181610/https://www.spa.gov.sa/en/N1995662">Archived</a> from the original on 5 April 2024. Retrieved 12 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Saudi+Press+Agency&rft.atitle=President+of+Djibouti%3A+Genocide+and+Ethnic+Cleansing+against+Palestinian+People+Constitute+War+Crime&rft.date=2023-11-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spa.gov.sa%2Fen%2FN1995662&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYeeMekayKershner2024-497"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYeeMekayKershner2024_497-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFYeeMekayKershner2024">Yee, Mekay & Kershner 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrance_242024b-498"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrance_242024b_498-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFrance_242024b">France 24 2024b</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBreeden2024-499"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBreeden2024_499-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBreeden2024">Breeden 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAhram_Online2024-500"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAhram_Online2024_500-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAhram_Online2024">Ahram Online 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMagidSharon2024-501"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMagidSharon2024_501-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMagidSharon2024">Magid & Sharon 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_St._Kitts-Nevis_Observer2024-502"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_St._Kitts-Nevis_Observer2024_502-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_St._Kitts-Nevis_Observer2024">The St. Kitts-Nevis Observer 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEColchen2024-503"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEColchen2024_503-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFColchen2024">Colchen 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELazaroff2024b-504"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELazaroff2024b_504-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLazaroff2024b">Lazaroff 2024b</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarsudi2024-505"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarsudi2024_505-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMarsudi2024">Marsudi 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsharq_Al-Awsat2023-506"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAsharq_Al-Awsat2023_506-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAsharq_Al-Awsat2023">Asharq Al-Awsat 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-507"><a href="#cite_ref-507">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20240508-israel-onslaught-on-gaza-amounts-to-genocide-iraq-prime-minister-says/">"Israel onslaught on Gaza amounts to 'genocide', Iraq Prime Minister says"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Monitor" title="Middle East Monitor">Middle East Monitor</a>. 8 May 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241120142229/https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20240508-israel-onslaught-on-gaza-amounts-to-genocide-iraq-prime-minister-says/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 November 2024. Retrieved 17 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Monitor&rft.atitle=Israel+onslaught+on+Gaza+amounts+to+%27genocide%27%2C+Iraq+Prime+Minister+says&rft.date=2024-05-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeastmonitor.com%2F20240508-israel-onslaught-on-gaza-amounts-to-genocide-iraq-prime-minister-says%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESherlock2024-508"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESherlock2024_508-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSherlock2024">Sherlock 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeahy2024-509"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeahy2024_509-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLeahy2024">Leahy 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEANSA_Editorial2024-510"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEANSA_Editorial2024_510-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFANSA_Editorial2024">ANSA Editorial 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl-Khalidi2024-511"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAl-Khalidi2024_511-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAl-Khalidi2024">Al-Khalidi 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaisalov2024-512"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaisalov2024_512-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBaisalov2024">Baisalov 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-513"><a href="#cite_ref-513">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20240703-lebanon-calls-for-ending-israel-war-on-gaza/">"Lebanon calls for ending Israel war on Gaza"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Monitor" title="Middle East Monitor">Middle East Monitor</a>. 3 July 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240704011834/https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20240703-lebanon-calls-for-ending-israel-war-on-gaza/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 July 2024. Retrieved 12 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Monitor&rft.atitle=Lebanon+calls+for+ending+Israel+war+on+Gaza&rft.date=2024-07-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeastmonitor.com%2F20240703-lebanon-calls-for-ending-israel-war-on-gaza%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPulido2024-514"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPulido2024_514-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPulido2024">Pulido 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl_Jazeera2024h-515"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAl_Jazeera2024h_515-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAl_Jazeera2024h">Al Jazeera 2024h</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl_Jazeera2024i-516"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAl_Jazeera2024i_516-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAl_Jazeera2024i">Al Jazeera 2024i</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMauritanian_News_Agency2023-517"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMauritanian_News_Agency2023_517-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMauritanian_News_Agency2023">Mauritanian News Agency 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERust2024-518"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERust2024_518-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRust2024">Rust 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESharp2024-519"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESharp2024_519-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSharp2024">Sharp 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-520"><a href="#cite_ref-520">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20241012085856/https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/nicaragua-breaks-diplomatic-relations-with-israel-2024-10-11/">"Nicaragua breaks diplomatic relations with Israel"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. 11 October 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/nicaragua-breaks-diplomatic-relations-with-israel-2024-10-11/">the original</a> on 12 October 2024. Retrieved 15 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Nicaragua+breaks+diplomatic+relations+with+Israel&rft.date=2024-10-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Famericas%2Fnicaragua-breaks-diplomatic-relations-with-israel-2024-10-11%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETico_Times2024-521"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETico_Times2024_521-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTico_Times2024">Tico Times 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-522"><a href="#cite_ref-522">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/north-korea-says-israel-bombed-gaza-hospital-calls-us-accomplice-2023-10-26/">"North Korea says Israel bombed Gaza hospital, calls US 'accomplice'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. 26 October 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231031005521/https://www.reuters.com/world/north-korea-says-israel-bombed-gaza-hospital-calls-us-accomplice-2023-10-26/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 October 2023. Retrieved 5 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=North+Korea+says+Israel+bombed+Gaza+hospital%2C+calls+US+%27accomplice%27&rft.date=2023-10-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fnorth-korea-says-israel-bombed-gaza-hospital-calls-us-accomplice-2023-10-26%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENorsk_Telegrambyrå2024-523"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENorsk_Telegrambyrå2024_523-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNorsk_Telegrambyrå2024">Norsk Telegrambyrå 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-524"><a href="#cite_ref-524">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240713185359/https://www.middleeasteye.net/live-blog/live-blog-update/oman-condemns-israeli-genocide-palestinian-people">"Oman condemns Israeli 'genocide' on Palestinian people"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Eye" title="Middle East Eye">Middle East Eye</a>. 29 May 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.middleeasteye.net/live-blog/live-blog-update/oman-condemns-israeli-genocide-palestinian-people">the original</a> on 13 July 2024. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infobae.com/espana/agencias/2024/10/07/la-ministra-yolanda-diaz-urge-sanciones-a-israel-ante-el-genocidio-diario-en-palestina/">the original</a> on 8 October 2024. Retrieved 12 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infobae&rft.atitle=La+ministra+Yolanda+D%C3%ADaz+urge+sanciones+a+Israel+ante+el+%22genocidio+diario+en+Palestina%22&rft.date=2024-10-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.infobae.com%2Fespana%2Fagencias%2F2024%2F10%2F07%2Fla-ministra-yolanda-diaz-urge-sanciones-a-israel-ante-el-genocidio-diario-en-palestina%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-537"><a href="#cite_ref-537">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20240526003225/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/spanish-defence-minister-says-gaza-war-is-real-genocide-2024-05-25/">"Spanish defence minister says Gaza war is 'real genocide'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. 25 May 2024. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.publico.es/internacional/sira-rego-asistimos-gaza-primer-genocidio-victimas-narran-directo-propia-aniquilacion.html">the original</a> on 3 December 2024. Retrieved 17 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=P%C3%BAblico&rft.atitle=Sira+Rego%3A+%22Asistimos+en+Gaza+al+primer+genocidio+en+el+que+las+v%C3%ADctimas+narran+en+directo+su+propia+aniquilaci%C3%B3n%22&rft.date=2024-01-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.publico.es%2Finternacional%2Fsira-rego-asistimos-gaza-primer-genocidio-victimas-narran-directo-propia-aniquilacion.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-539"><a href="#cite_ref-539">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231030202033/https://www.plenglish.com/news/2023/10/26/syria-denounced-western-support-for-israels-massacre-in-gaza/">"Syria denounced Western support for Israel's massacre in Gaza"</a>. Prensa Latina. 26 October 2023. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.plenglish.com/news/2023/10/26/syria-denounced-western-support-for-israels-massacre-in-gaza/#:~:text=Damascus%2C%20Oct%2026%20(Prensa%20Latina,led%20by%20the%20United%20States.">the original</a> on 30 October 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Prensa+Latina&rft.atitle=Syria+denounced+Western+support+for+Israel%27s+massacre+in+Gaza&rft.date=2023-10-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.plenglish.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F10%2F26%2Fsyria-denounced-western-support-for-israels-massacre-in-gaza%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DDamascus%252C%2520Oct%252026%2520%28Prensa%2520Latina%2Cled%2520by%2520the%2520United%2520States.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-540"><a href="#cite_ref-540">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.wafa.ps/Pages/Details/143881">"Tunisia calls for ending Israel's genocidal war against Palestinians in Gaza"</a>. <a href="/wiki/WAFA" class="mw-redirect" title="WAFA">WAFA</a>. 8 May 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240529051947/https://english.wafa.ps/Pages/Details/143881">Archived</a> from the original on 29 May 2024. Retrieved 12 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WAFA&rft.atitle=Tunisia+calls+for+ending+Israel%27s+genocidal+war+against+Palestinians+in+Gaza&rft.date=2024-05-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.wafa.ps%2FPages%2FDetails%2F143881&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGumrukcuKarakas2023-541"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGumrukcuKarakas2023_541-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGumrukcuKarakas2023">Gumrukcu & Karakas 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlsaafinOsgood2024a-542"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlsaafinOsgood2024a_542-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAlsaafinOsgood2024a">Alsaafin & Osgood 2024a</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-543"><a href="#cite_ref-543">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/uk-says-it-has-considerable-concerns-about-icj-ruling-rejects-genocide-accusation/">"UK says it has 'considerable concerns' about ICJ ruling, rejects genocide accusation"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_Israel" title="The Times of Israel">The Times of Israel</a>. 27 January 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240705232810/https://www.timesofisrael.com/uk-says-it-has-considerable-concerns-about-icj-ruling-rejects-genocide-accusation/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 July 2024. Retrieved 12 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=UK+says+it+has+%27considerable+concerns%27+about+ICJ+ruling%2C+rejects+genocide+accusation&rft.date=2024-01-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fuk-says-it-has-considerable-concerns-about-icj-ruling-rejects-genocide-accusation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrawn2024b-544"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrawn2024b_544-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrawn2024b">Brawn 2024b</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMitchell2024-545"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMitchell2024_545-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMitchell2024">Mitchell 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchneiderHaberkornStokols2024-546"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchneiderHaberkornStokols2024_546-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSchneiderHaberkornStokols2024">Schneider, Haberkorn & Stokols 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-547"><a href="#cite_ref-547">^</a> <div><ul><li><a href="#CITEREFPullella2023">Pullella 2023</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFZampano2024">Zampano 2024</a></li><li><a href="#CITEREFFaiolaMasih2024">Faiola & Masih 2024</a></li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl_Jazeera2024k-548"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAl_Jazeera2024k_548-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAl_Jazeera2024k">Al Jazeera 2024k</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-549"><a href="#cite_ref-549">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231016175619/https://en.mehrnews.com/news/206973/Israel-committing-genocide-against-Palestinian-people">"Israel committing 'genocide' against Palestinian people"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mehr_News_Agency" title="Mehr News Agency">Mehr News</a>. 10 October 2023. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.mehrnews.com/news/206973/Israel-committing-genocide-against-Palestinian-people">the original</a> on 16 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mehr+News&rft.atitle=Israel+committing+%27genocide%27+against+Palestinian+people&rft.date=2023-10-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.mehrnews.com%2Fnews%2F206973%2FIsrael-committing-genocide-against-Palestinian-people&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-550"><a href="#cite_ref-550">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240704010705/https://www.newarab.com/features/yemenis-put-aside-their-woes-unite-gaza-and-palestine">"Yemenis put aside their woes to unite for Gaza and Palestine"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_Arab" title="The New Arab">The New Arab</a>. 19 October 2023. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newarab.com/features/yemenis-put-aside-their-woes-unite-gaza-and-palestine">the original</a> on 4 July 2024. Retrieved 17 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Arab&rft.atitle=Yemenis+put+aside+their+woes+to+unite+for+Gaza+and+Palestine&rft.date=2023-10-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newarab.com%2Ffeatures%2Fyemenis-put-aside-their-woes-unite-gaza-and-palestine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarsiSiddiqui2024a-551"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarsiSiddiqui2024a_551-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMarsiSiddiqui2024a">Marsi & Siddiqui 2024a</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESiddiqui2024a-552"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESiddiqui2024a_552-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSiddiqui2024a">Siddiqui 2024a</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarsiSiddiqui2024c-553"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarsiSiddiqui2024c_553-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMarsiSiddiqui2024c">Marsi & Siddiqui 2024c</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-554"><a href="#cite_ref-554">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240510024352/https://www.barrons.com/news/islamic-cooperation-denounces-gaza-genocide-urges-sanctions-against-israel-c8c7ac87">"Islamic Cooperation Denounces Gaza 'Genocide', Urges Sanctions Against Israel"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Barron%27s" title="Barron's">Barron's</a>. <a href="/wiki/Agence_France-Presse" title="Agence France-Presse">Agence France-Presse</a>. 5 May 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.barrons.com/news/islamic-cooperation-denounces-gaza-genocide-urges-sanctions-against-israel-c8c7ac87">the original</a> on 10 May 2024. Retrieved 10 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Barron%27s&rft.atitle=Islamic+Cooperation+Denounces+Gaza+%27Genocide%27%2C+Urges+Sanctions+Against+Israel&rft.date=2024-05-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.barrons.com%2Fnews%2Fislamic-cooperation-denounces-gaza-genocide-urges-sanctions-against-israel-c8c7ac87&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPopli2024-555"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPopli2024_555-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPopli2024">Popli 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBateman2024a-556"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBateman2024a_556-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBateman2024a">Bateman 2024a</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECommonspace2024-557"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECommonspace2024_557-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCommonspace2024">Commonspace 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl_Jazeera2023f-558"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAl_Jazeera2023f_558-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAl_Jazeera2023f">Al Jazeera 2023f</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAikman2024-559"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAikman2024_559-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAikman2024">Aikman 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESamuels2024b-560"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESamuels2024b_560-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSamuels2024b">Samuels 2024b</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarrity2024-561"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarrity2024_561-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGarrity2024">Garrity 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPuzzanghera2024-562"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPuzzanghera2024_562-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPuzzanghera2024">Puzzanghera 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGroves2024-563"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGroves2024_563-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGroves2024">Groves 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHurst2024-564"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHurst2024_564-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHurst2024">Hurst 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-565"><a href="#cite_ref-565">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240112112817/https://www.genocidewatch.com/single-post/genocide-emergency-alert-israel-and-gaza">"Active Genocide Alert – Israel-Palestine: There is No Justification for Genocide"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Genocide_Watch" class="mw-redirect" title="Genocide Watch">Genocide Watch</a>. 13 October 2023. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genocidewatch.com/single-post/genocide-emergency-alert-israel-and-gaza">the original</a> on 12 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Active+Genocide+Alert+%E2%80%93+Israel-Palestine%3A+There+is+No+Justification+for+Genocide&rft.pub=Genocide+Watch&rft.date=2023-10-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.genocidewatch.com%2Fsingle-post%2Fgenocide-emergency-alert-israel-and-gaza&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-566"><a href="#cite_ref-566">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231227220339/https://www.lemkininstitute.com/active-genocide-alert-1/active-genocide-alert---israel-palestine%3A-there-is-no-justification-for-genocide">"Genocide Emergency Alert: Israel and Gaza"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lemkin_Institute_for_Genocide_Prevention" title="Lemkin Institute for Genocide Prevention">Lemkin Institute for Genocide Prevention</a>. 17 October 2023. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemkininstitute.com/active-genocide-alert-1/active-genocide-alert---israel-palestine%3A-there-is-no-justification-for-genocide">the original</a> on 27 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Genocide+Emergency+Alert%3A+Israel+and+Gaza&rft.pub=Lemkin+Institute+for+Genocide+Prevention&rft.date=2023-10-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemkininstitute.com%2Factive-genocide-alert-1%2Factive-genocide-alert---israel-palestine%253A-there-is-no-justification-for-genocide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-567"><a href="#cite_ref-567">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240214051547/https://www.lemkininstitute.com/statements-new-page/statement-on-why-we-call-the-israeli-attack-on-gaza-genocide">"Statement on Why We Call the Israeli Attack on Gaza Genocide"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lemkin_Institute_for_Genocide_Prevention" title="Lemkin Institute for Genocide Prevention">Lemkin Institute for Genocide Prevention</a>. 29 December 2023. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemkininstitute.com/statements-new-page/statement-on-why-we-call-the-israeli-attack-on-gaza-genocide">the original</a> on 14 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statement+on+Why+We+Call+the+Israeli+Attack+on+Gaza+Genocide&rft.pub=Lemkin+Institute+for+Genocide+Prevention&rft.date=2023-12-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemkininstitute.com%2Fstatements-new-page%2Fstatement-on-why-we-call-the-israeli-attack-on-gaza-genocide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECondonCondonHarrisStanton2024-568"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECondonCondonHarrisStanton2024_568-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCondonCondonHarrisStanton2024">Condon et al. 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMohamedStepanskyNajjar2023-569"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMohamedStepanskyNajjar2023_569-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMohamedStepanskyNajjar2023">Mohamed, Stepansky & Najjar 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMotamediSiddiqui2024a-570"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotamediSiddiqui2024a_570-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMotamediSiddiqui2024a">Motamedi & Siddiqui 2024a</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl_Jazeera2023g-571"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAl_Jazeera2023g_571-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAl_Jazeera2023g">Al Jazeera 2023g</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuillenUrasMarsi2024-572"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuillenUrasMarsi2024_572-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFQuillenUrasMarsi2024">Quillen, Uras & Marsi 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-573"><a href="#cite_ref-573">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231216191823/https://www.fidh.org/en/region/north-africa-middle-east/israel-palestine/the-unfolding-genocide-against-the-palestinians-must-stop-immediately">"The unfolding genocide against the Palestinians must stop immediately"</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_for_Human_Rights" title="International Federation for Human Rights">International Federation for Human Rights</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fidh.org/en/region/north-africa-middle-east/israel-palestine/the-unfolding-genocide-against-the-palestinians-must-stop-immediately">the original</a> on 16 December 2023. Retrieved 13 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+unfolding+genocide+against+the+Palestinians+must+stop+immediately&rft.pub=International+Federation+for+Human+Rights&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fidh.org%2Fen%2Fregion%2Fnorth-africa-middle-east%2Fisrael-palestine%2Fthe-unfolding-genocide-against-the-palestinians-must-stop-immediately&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlsaafinOsgood2024b-574"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlsaafinOsgood2024b_574-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAlsaafinOsgood2024b">Alsaafin & Osgood 2024b</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-575"><a href="#cite_ref-575">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240328063114/https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2024/03/un-special-rapporteur-report-on-gaza-provides-crucial-evidence-that-must-spur-international-action-to-prevent-genocide/">"UN Special Rapporteur report on Gaza provides crucial evidence that must spur international action to prevent genocide"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a>. 26 March 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2024/03/un-special-rapporteur-report-on-gaza-provides-crucial-evidence-that-must-spur-international-action-to-prevent-genocide/">the original</a> on 28 March 2024. Retrieved 29 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UN+Special+Rapporteur+report+on+Gaza+provides+crucial+evidence+that+must+spur+international+action+to+prevent+genocide&rft.pub=Amnesty+International&rft.date=2024-03-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amnesty.org%2Fen%2Flatest%2Fnews%2F2024%2F03%2Fun-special-rapporteur-report-on-gaza-provides-crucial-evidence-that-must-spur-international-action-to-prevent-genocide%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-576"><a href="#cite_ref-576">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241008075000/https://www.map.org.uk/news/archive/post/1636-after-a-year-of-catastrophic-failure-the-international-community-must-act-urgently-to-protect-palestinian-survival-in-gaza">"After a year of catastrophic failure, the international community must act urgently to protect Palestinian survival in Gaza"</a>. Medical Aid for Palestinians. 7 October 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.map.org.uk/news/archive/post/1636-after-a-year-of-catastrophic-failure-the-international-community-must-act-urgently-to-protect-palestinian-survival-in-gaza#:~:text=Frequent%20mass%20killings%20of%20civilians,in%20front%20of%20our%20eyes.">" the original</a> on 8 October 2024. Retrieved 9 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Medical+Aid+for+Palestinians&rft.atitle=After+a+year+of+catastrophic+failure%2C+the+international+community+must+act+urgently+to+protect+Palestinian+survival+in+Gaza&rft.date=2024-10-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.map.org.uk%2Fnews%2Farchive%2Fpost%2F1636-after-a-year-of-catastrophic-failure-the-international-community-must-act-urgently-to-protect-palestinian-survival-in-gaza%23%3A~%3Atext%3DFrequent%2520mass%2520killings%2520of%2520civilians%2Cin%2520front%2520of%2520our%2520eyes.%22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-577"><a href="#cite_ref-577">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20241103100653/https://www.oxfam.org/en/press-releases/urgent-joint-statement-northern-gaza-being-erased-global-leaders-must-act-now-end">"Northern Gaza is being erased – global leaders must act now to end Israel's atrocities"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxfam_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxfam International">Oxfam International</a>. 15 October 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfam.org/en/press-releases/urgent-joint-statement-northern-gaza-being-erased-global-leaders-must-act-now-end">the original</a> on 3 November 2024. Retrieved 17 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Northern+Gaza+is+being+erased+%E2%80%93+global+leaders+must+act+now+to+end+Israel%27s+atrocities&rft.pub=Oxfam+International&rft.date=2024-10-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfam.org%2Fen%2Fpress-releases%2Furgent-joint-statement-northern-gaza-being-erased-global-leaders-must-act-now-end&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-578"><a href="#cite_ref-578">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241108155725/https://www.oxfam.org/en/press-releases/oxfam-reaction-israels-banning-unrwa">"Oxfam reaction to Israel's banning of UNRWA"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxfam" title="Oxfam">Oxfam</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfam.org/en/press-releases/oxfam-reaction-israels-banning-unrwa">the original</a> on 8 November 2024. Retrieved 30 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oxfam+reaction+to+Israel%27s+banning+of+UNRWA&rft.pub=Oxfam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfam.org%2Fen%2Fpress-releases%2Foxfam-reaction-israels-banning-unrwa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MEE-2023-12-26-579">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MEE-2023-12-26_579-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MEE-2023-12-26_579-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240104213949/https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20231226-euro-med-submits-findings-on-israeli-army-executions-in-gaza-to-icc-un-calling-them-genocide/">"Euro-Med submits findings on Israeli army executions in Gaza to ICC, UN, calling them 'genocide'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Monitor" title="Middle East Monitor">Middle East Monitor</a>. 26 December 2023. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20231226-euro-med-submits-findings-on-israeli-army-executions-in-gaza-to-icc-un-calling-them-genocide/">the original</a> on 4 January 2024. Retrieved 29 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Monitor&rft.atitle=Euro-Med+submits+findings+on+Israeli+army+executions+in+Gaza+to+ICC%2C+UN%2C+calling+them+%27genocide%27&rft.date=2023-12-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeastmonitor.com%2F20231226-euro-med-submits-findings-on-israeli-army-executions-in-gaza-to-icc-un-calling-them-genocide%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJewish_Voice_for_Peace2023-580"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJewish_Voice_for_Peace2023_580-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJewish_Voice_for_Peace2023">Jewish Voice for Peace 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-581"><a href="#cite_ref-581">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241211204759/https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2024/12/amnesty-international-concludes-israel-is-committing-genocide-against-palestinians-in-gaza/">"Amnesty International concludes Israel is committing genocide against Palestinians in Gaza"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a>. 5 December 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2024/12/amnesty-international-concludes-israel-is-committing-genocide-against-palestinians-in-gaza/">the original</a> on 11 December 2024. Retrieved 5 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Amnesty+International&rft.atitle=Amnesty+International+concludes+Israel+is+committing+genocide+against+Palestinians+in+Gaza&rft.date=2024-12-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amnesty.org%2Fen%2Flatest%2Fnews%2F2024%2F12%2Famnesty-international-concludes-israel-is-committing-genocide-against-palestinians-in-gaza%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBashir2024-582"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBashir2024_582-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBashir2024">Bashir 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-583"><a href="#cite_ref-583">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241212055139/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/dec/05/israels-war-in-gaza-amounts-to-genocide-amnesty-international-report-finds">"Israel's war in Gaza amounts to genocide, Amnesty International report finds"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. 5 December 2024. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/dec/05/israels-war-in-gaza-amounts-to-genocide-amnesty-international-report-finds">the original</a> on 12 December 2024. Retrieved 5 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Israel%27s+war+in+Gaza+amounts+to+genocide%2C+Amnesty+International+report+finds&rft.date=2024-12-05&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2024%2Fdec%2F05%2Fisraels-war-in-gaza-amounts-to-genocide-amnesty-international-report-finds&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKittrie2024-584"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKittrie2024_584-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKittrie2024">Kittrie 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-585"><a href="#cite_ref-585">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCohenShani2024">Cohen & Shani 2024</a>: "In this contribution, we explain why, in our view, Amnesty International has been unable to meet these high evidentiary standards; why its attempt to move the normative goalposts regarding these evidentiary standards undermines the utility of the report as a pronouncement on the application of lex lata (the law as it exists); and why even under the more relaxed standards that the report utilizes, some of its key conclusions are questionable." </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacRedmond2024-586"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacRedmond2024_586-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMacRedmond2024">MacRedmond 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESharonMagid2024-587"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESharonMagid2024_587-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSharonMagid2024">Sharon & Magid 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKashti2024-588"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKashti2024_588-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKashti2024">Kashti 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFink2025-589"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFink2025_589-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFink2025">Fink 2025</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEECCHR2024-590"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEECCHR2024_590-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFECCHR2024">ECCHR 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENajjarStepansky2023-591"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENajjarStepansky2023_591-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNajjarStepansky2023">Najjar & Stepansky 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStacey2023-592"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStacey2023_592-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStacey2023">Stacey 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReuters2023b-593"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReuters2023b_593-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFReuters2023b">Reuters 2023b</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOHCHR2023-594"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOHCHR2023_594-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOHCHR2023">OHCHR 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-595"><a href="#cite_ref-595">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240117160315/https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/israeli-officials-said-in-talks-with-congo-others-on-taking-in-gaza-emigrants/">"Israeli officials said in talks with Congo, others on taking in Gaza emigrants"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_Israel" title="The Times of Israel">The Times of Israel</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/israeli-officials-said-in-talks-with-congo-others-on-taking-in-gaza-emigrants/">the original</a> on 17 January 2024. Retrieved 3 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Israeli+officials+said+in+talks+with+Congo%2C+others+on+taking+in+Gaza+emigrants&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fliveblog_entry%2Fisraeli-officials-said-in-talks-with-congo-others-on-taking-in-gaza-emigrants%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarb2024a-596"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarb2024a_596-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarb2024a">Harb 2024a</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESiddiqui2024b-597"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESiddiqui2024b_597-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSiddiqui2024b">Siddiqui 2024b</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiddle_East_Monitor2025-598"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiddle_East_Monitor2025_598-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMiddle_East_Monitor2025">Middle East Monitor 2025</a>: ""Israel's attacks on Palestinian women are part of a systematic genocide strategy," said Alsalem on Sunday. "When looking at Israel's actions overall, it is clear that targeting the reproductive capacity of Palestinians in particular serves this purpose."" </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERowlandsRasheedAdlerKhalid2024-599"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERowlandsRasheedAdlerKhalid2024_599-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRowlandsRasheedAdlerKhalid2024">Rowlands et al. 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOHCHR2024d-600"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOHCHR2024d_600-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOHCHR2024d">OHCHR 2024d</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReuters2024-601"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReuters2024_601-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFReuters2024">Reuters 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENews_Wires2024-602"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENews_Wires2024_602-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNews_Wires2024">News Wires 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOHCHR2024e-603"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOHCHR2024e_603-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOHCHR2024e">OHCHR 2024e</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOHCHR2024f-604"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOHCHR2024f_604-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOHCHR2024f">OHCHR 2024f</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl_Jazeera2024j-605"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAl_Jazeera2024j_605-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAl_Jazeera2024j">Al Jazeera 2024j</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOHCHR2024c-606"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOHCHR2024c_606-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOHCHR2024c">OHCHR 2024c</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-607"><a href="#cite_ref-607">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMédecins_Sans_Frontières2024c">Médecins Sans Frontières 2024c</a>, p. 5: "Our firsthand observations of the medical and humanitarian catastrophe inflicted on Gaza are consistent with the descriptions provided by an increasing number of legal experts and organisations concluding that genocide is taking place in Gaza. While we don't have legal authority to establish intentionality, the signs of ethnic cleansing and the ongoing devastation—including mass killings, severe physical and mental health injuries, forced displacement, and impossible conditions of life for Palestinians under siege and bombardment—are undeniable." </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESecurity_Council_Report2024-608"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESecurity_Council_Report2024_608-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSecurity_Council_Report2024">Security Council Report 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeara2023-609"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeara2023_609-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMeara2023">Meara 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIasimone2023-610"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIasimone2023_610-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFIasimone2023">Iasimone 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoormanRobinson2023-611"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoormanRobinson2023_611-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMoormanRobinson2023">Moorman & Robinson 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStern2023-612"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStern2023_612-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStern2023">Stern 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEwe2023-613"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEwe2023_613-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEwe2023">Ewe 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThunberg2023-614"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThunberg2023_614-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThunberg2023">Thunberg 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPercival2023-615"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPercival2023_615-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPercival2023">Percival 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPenna2023a-616"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPenna2023a_616-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPenna2023a">Penna 2023a</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-617"><a href="#cite_ref-617">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240103135440/https://news.sky.com/story/uk-eurovision-act-olly-alexander-criticised-for-signing-statement-calling-israel-an-apartheid-state-and-accusing-it-of-genocide-13035601">"UK Eurovision act Olly Alexander criticised for signing statement calling Israel an 'apartheid state' and accusing it of genocide"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sky_News" title="Sky News">Sky News</a>. 21 December 2023. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.sky.com/story/uk-eurovision-act-olly-alexander-criticised-for-signing-statement-calling-israel-an-apartheid-state-and-accusing-it-of-genocide-13035601">the original</a> on 3 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sky+News&rft.atitle=UK+Eurovision+act+Olly+Alexander+criticised+for+signing+statement+calling+Israel+an+%27apartheid+state%27+and+accusing+it+of+genocide&rft.date=2023-12-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.sky.com%2Fstory%2Fuk-eurovision-act-olly-alexander-criticised-for-signing-statement-calling-israel-an-apartheid-state-and-accusing-it-of-genocide-13035601&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPenna2023b-618"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPenna2023b_618-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPenna2023b">Penna 2023b</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGessen2023b-619"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGessen2023b_619-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGessen2023b">Gessen 2023b</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGessen2023a-620"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGessen2023a_620-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGessen2023a">Gessen 2023a</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPulverShoard2024-621"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPulverShoard2024_621-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPulverShoard2024">Pulver & Shoard 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELi2024-622"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELi2024_622-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLi2024">Li 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlein2024-623"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlein2024_623-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKlein2024">Klein 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIrwin2024-624"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIrwin2024_624-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFIrwin2024">Irwin 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalmer2024-625"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalmer2024_625-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBalmer2024">Balmer 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-economist-ICJ-626">^ <a href="#cite_ref-economist-ICJ_626-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-economist-ICJ_626-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/leaders/2024/01/18/charging-israel-with-genocide-makes-a-mockery-of-the-icj">"Charging Israel with genocide makes a mockery of the ICJ"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a>. 18 January 2024. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0013-0613">0013-0613</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240122144011/https://www.economist.com/leaders/2024/01/18/charging-israel-with-genocide-makes-a-mockery-of-the-icj">Archived</a> from the original on 22 January 2024. Retrieved 22 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Charging+Israel+with+genocide+makes+a+mockery+of+the+ICJ&rft.date=2024-01-18&rft.issn=0013-0613&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fleaders%2F2024%2F01%2F18%2Fcharging-israel-with-genocide-makes-a-mockery-of-the-icj&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-627"><a href="#cite_ref-627">^</a> <div><ul><li><a href="#CITEREFBob2024">Bob 2024</a></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-n-international-court-of-justice-south-africa-israel-genocide-hamas-596dcd8a">"Genocide Gets Political at the U.N."</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a>. 11 January 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240122213551/https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-n-international-court-of-justice-south-africa-israel-genocide-hamas-596dcd8a">Archived</a> from the original on 22 January 2024. Retrieved 22 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Genocide+Gets+Political+at+the+U.N.&rft.date=2024-01-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fu-n-international-court-of-justice-south-africa-israel-genocide-hamas-596dcd8a&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li><li><a href="#CITEREFHausdorff2024">Hausdorff 2024</a></li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurnettFoxShapiro2024-628"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurnettFoxShapiro2024_628-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBurnettFoxShapiro2024">Burnett, Fox & Shapiro 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Amnesty-International-2024-629"><a href="#cite_ref-Amnesty-International-2024_629-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241010044822/https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2024/02/israel-defying-icj-ruling-to-prevent-genocide-by-failing-to-allow-adequate-humanitarian-aid-to-reach-gaza/">"Israel defying ICJ ruling to prevent genocide by failing to allow aid into Gaza"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a>. 26 February 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2024/02/israel-defying-icj-ruling-to-prevent-genocide-by-failing-to-allow-adequate-humanitarian-aid-to-reach-gaza/">the original</a> on 10 October 2024. Retrieved 1 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Israel+defying+ICJ+ruling+to+prevent+genocide+by+failing+to+allow+aid+into+Gaza&rft.pub=Amnesty+International&rft.date=2024-02-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amnesty.org%2Fen%2Flatest%2Fnews%2F2024%2F02%2Fisrael-defying-icj-ruling-to-prevent-genocide-by-failing-to-allow-adequate-humanitarian-aid-to-reach-gaza%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESharon2024-630"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESharon2024_630-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSharon2024">Sharon 2024</a>. sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFSharon2024 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbulhawa2024-631"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbulhawa2024_631-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAbulhawa2024">Abulhawa 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-632"><a href="#cite_ref-632">^</a> <div><ul><li><a href="#CITEREFCohen2024">Cohen 2024</a></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newarab.com/news/israels-channel-14-aired-dozens-calls-gaza-genocide">"Israel's Channel 14 aired more than 50 calls for genocide in Gaza"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_Arab" title="The New Arab">The New Arab</a>. 25 September 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241003061040/https://www.newarab.com/news/israels-channel-14-aired-dozens-calls-gaza-genocide">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2024. Retrieved 20 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Arab&rft.atitle=Israel%27s+Channel+14+aired+more+than+50+calls+for+genocide+in+Gaza&rft.date=2024-09-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newarab.com%2Fnews%2Fisraels-channel-14-aired-dozens-calls-gaza-genocide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li><li><a href="#CITEREFLurie-Pardes2024">Lurie-Pardes 2024</a></li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoallem2023542–543-633"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoallem2023542–543_633-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMoallem2023">Moallem 2023</a>, pp. 542–543. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEQutami2023532-634"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQutami2023532_634-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFQutami2023">Qutami 2023</a>, p. 532. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKhouri2023-635"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKhouri2023_635-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKhouri2023">Khouri 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERothHuff2023-636"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERothHuff2023_636-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRothHuff2023">Roth & Huff 2023</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-637"><a href="#cite_ref-637">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240421165931/https://mcb.org.uk/the-centre-for-media-monitoring-cfmm-latest-report-media-bias-gaza-2023-24-exposing-significant-biases-in-media-coverage/">"The Centre for Media Monitoring (CFMM) latest report, 'Media Bias Gaza 2023–24', exposing significant biases in media coverage"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Council_of_Britain" title="Muslim Council of Britain">Muslim Council of Britain</a>. 24 March 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mcb.org.uk/the-centre-for-media-monitoring-cfmm-latest-report-media-bias-gaza-2023-24-exposing-significant-biases-in-media-coverage/">the original</a> on 21 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Muslim+Council+of+Britain&rft.atitle=The+Centre+for+Media+Monitoring+%28CFMM%29+latest+report%2C+%27Media+Bias+Gaza+2023%E2%80%9324%27%2C+exposing+significant+biases+in+media+coverage.&rft.date=2024-03-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmcb.org.uk%2Fthe-centre-for-media-monitoring-cfmm-latest-report-media-bias-gaza-2023-24-exposing-significant-biases-in-media-coverage%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHanif2024-638"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHanif2024_638-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHanif2024">Hanif 2024</a>: "an analysis of the X (Twitter) feeds of ITV, BBC, Channel 4, Guardian and Sky show[s] very few mentions of stories relating directly to allegations of genocide in Gaza. In comparison Al Jazeera English posted claims of Israeli genocide a total of 45 times. One example in our report shows a BBC news anchor challenging a U.N. representative by saying can we be clear genocide "is not what is happening here" </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaltz2024-639"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaltz2024_639-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMaltz2024">Maltz 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESultany20242-640"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESultany20242_640-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSultany2024">Sultany 2024</a>, p. 2. </li> <li id="cite_note-641"><a href="#cite_ref-641">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240708135501/https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/article-783849">"Jewish Israelis believe IDF is using appropriate force in Gaza, Arab Israelis broadly do not – poll"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">The Jerusalem Post</a>. 26 January 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/article-783849">the original</a> on 8 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Jewish+Israelis+believe+IDF+is+using+appropriate+force+in+Gaza%2C+Arab+Israelis+broadly+do+not+%E2%80%93+poll&rft.date=2024-01-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2Fisrael-news%2Farticle-783849&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-642"><a href="#cite_ref-642">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240629073506/https://en-social-sciences.tau.ac.il/sites/socsci-english.tau.ac.il/files/media_server/social/peaceindex/2024-01-findings.pdf">"The International MA Program in Conflict Resolution and Mediation"</a> (PDF). The Gershon H. Gordon Faculty of Social Sciences. <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_University" title="Tel Aviv University">Tel Aviv University</a>. January 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en-social-sciences.tau.ac.il/sites/socsci-english.tau.ac.il/files/media_server/social/peaceindex/2024-01-findings.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 29 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Gershon+H.+Gordon+Faculty+of+Social+Sciences&rft.atitle=The+International+MA+Program+in+Conflict+Resolution+and+Mediation&rft.date=2024-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen-social-sciences.tau.ac.il%2Fsites%2Fsocsci-english.tau.ac.il%2Ffiles%2Fmedia_server%2Fsocial%2Fpeaceindex%2F2024-01-findings.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHermannKaplan2024-643"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHermannKaplan2024_643-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHermannKaplan2024">Hermann & Kaplan 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaçãesLevy2024-644"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaçãesLevy2024_644-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMaçãesLevy2024">Maçães & Levy 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBolton2024-645"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBolton2024_645-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBolton2024">Bolton 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELerman2024-646">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELerman2024_646-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELerman2024_646-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFLerman2024">Lerman 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESimons2024-647"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESimons2024_647-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSimons2024">Simons 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldenberg2024b-648"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldenberg2024b_648-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGoldenberg2024b">Goldenberg 2024b</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESegal2024-649"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESegal2024_649-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSegal2024">Segal 2024</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcGeePowerLeahy2024-650"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcGeePowerLeahy2024_650-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcGeePowerLeahy2024">McGee, Power & Leahy 2024</a>. </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbdo2024" class="citation journal cs1">Abdo, Nahla (13 May 2024). 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Retrieved 12 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Arab&rft.atitle=Israel+diplomat+calls+for+%27destruction%27+of+Gaza+in+TV+rant&rft.date=2023-10-27&rft.aulast=Alam&rft.aufirst=Anam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newarab.com%2Fnews%2Fisrael-diplomat-calls-destruction-gaza-tv-rant&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlbanese2024" class="citation report cs1"><a href="/wiki/Francesca_Albanese" title="Francesca Albanese">Albanese, Francesca</a> (25 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20250128173148/https://documents.un.org/doc/undoc/gen/g24/046/11/pdf/g2404611.pdf">Anatomy of a Genocide: Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Palestinian territories occupied since 1967, Francesca Albanese</a> (PDF) (Report). <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Special_Rapporteur_on_the_occupied_Palestinian_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Special Rapporteur on the occupied Palestinian territories">United Nations Special Rapporteur on the occupied Palestinian territories</a>. 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Retrieved 12 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Palestinian+civilians+suffer+in+Israel%E2%80%93Gaza+crossfire+as+death+toll+rises&rft.date=2023-10-11&rft.aulast=Alfonseca&rft.aufirst=Kiara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FInternational%2Fpalestinian-civilians-suffer-israel-hamas-crossfire-death-toll%2Fstory%3Fid%3D103828889&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl-Haq_et_al.2023" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Al-Haq" title="Al-Haq">Al-Haq</a>; <a href="/wiki/Al_Mezan_Center_for_Human_Rights" title="Al Mezan Center for Human Rights">Al Mezan Center for Human Rights</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231031174452/https://www.addameer.org/sites/default/files/icc-letter-1697782247-pdf.pdf">"Urgent: Issue Arrest Warrants, Investigate Israeli Crimes and Intervene to Deter Incitement to Commit Genocide in Gaza"</a> (PDF). et al. 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Retrieved 8 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Fears+of+a+ground+invasion+of+Gaza+grow+as+Israel+vows+%27mighty+vengeance%27&rft.date=2023-10-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F10%2F7%2Fworld-is-watching-fears-grow-of-a-massive-gaza-invasion-by-israel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl_Jazeera2023b" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/9/israel-announces-total-blockade-on-gaza">"Israel announces 'total' blockade on Gaza"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. 9 October 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231009105304/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/9/israel-announces-total-blockade-on-gaza">Archived</a> from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Israel+announces+%27total%27+blockade+on+Gaza&rft.date=2023-10-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F10%2F9%2Fisrael-announces-total-blockade-on-gaza&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl_Jazeera2023c" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/program/newsfeed/2023/10/9/israeli-defence-minister-orders-complete-siege-on-gaza">"Israeli defence minister orders 'complete siege' on Gaza"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. 9 October 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231009184220/https://www.aljazeera.com/program/newsfeed/2023/10/9/israeli-defence-minister-orders-complete-siege-on-gaza">Archived</a> from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 12 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Israeli+defence+minister+orders+%27complete+siege%27+on+Gaza&rft.date=2023-10-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fprogram%2Fnewsfeed%2F2023%2F10%2F9%2Fisraeli-defence-minister-orders-complete-siege-on-gaza&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl_Jazeera2023d" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/24/gaza-hospital-generators-to-run-out-of-fuel-in-48-hours-health-ministry">"Gaza hospital generators to run out of fuel in 48 hours: Health Ministry"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. 24 October 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231024082858/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/24/gaza-hospital-generators-to-run-out-of-fuel-in-48-hours-health-ministry">Archived</a> from the original on 24 October 2023. Retrieved 24 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Gaza+hospital+generators+to+run+out+of+fuel+in+48+hours%3A+Health+Ministry&rft.date=2023-10-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F10%2F24%2Fgaza-hospital-generators-to-run-out-of-fuel-in-48-hours-health-ministry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl_Jazeera2023e" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231120090306/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/2/genocide-colombia-says-as-latin-american-states-condemn-israel-over-gaza">"'Genocide', Colombia says as Latin American states condemn Israel over Gaza"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. 2 November 2023. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/2/genocide-colombia-says-as-latin-american-states-condemn-israel-over-gaza">the original</a> on 20 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%27Genocide%27%2C+Colombia+says+as+Latin+American+states+condemn+Israel+over+Gaza&rft.date=2023-11-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F11%2F2%2Fgenocide-colombia-says-as-latin-american-states-condemn-israel-over-gaza&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl_Jazeera2023f" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240408142957/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/3/us-house-passes-14-5bn-military-aid-package-for-israel">"US House passes $14.5bn military aid package for Israel"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. 3 November 2023. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/3/us-house-passes-14-5bn-military-aid-package-for-israel">the original</a> on 8 April 2024. Retrieved 8 April 2024. <q>The US has given Israel more military assistance than any other country since World War II, providing aid worth more than $124bn.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=US+House+passes+%2414.5bn+military+aid+package+for+Israel&rft.date=2023-11-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F11%2F3%2Fus-house-passes-14-5bn-military-aid-package-for-israel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl_Jazeera2023g" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231125014617/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/9/three-rights-groups-file-icc-lawsuit-against-israel-over-gaza-genocide">"ICC receives lawsuit over Israel's 'apartheid', 'genocide' in Gaza"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. 9 November 2023. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/9/three-rights-groups-file-icc-lawsuit-against-israel-over-gaza-genocide">the original</a> on 25 November 2023. Retrieved 9 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=ICC+receives+lawsuit+over+Israel%27s+%27apartheid%27%2C+%27genocide%27+in+Gaza&rft.date=2023-11-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F11%2F9%2Fthree-rights-groups-file-icc-lawsuit-against-israel-over-gaza-genocide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl_Jazeera2023h" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240710195403/https://www.aljazeera.com/program/upfront/2023/12/1/former-icc-chief-prosecutor-israels-siege-of-gaza-is-a-genocide">"Former ICC chief prosecutor: Israel's siege of Gaza is a 'genocide'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. 1 December 2023. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/program/upfront/2023/12/1/former-icc-chief-prosecutor-israels-siege-of-gaza-is-a-genocide">the original</a> on 10 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Former+ICC+chief+prosecutor%3A+Israel%27s+siege+of+Gaza+is+a+%27genocide%27&rft.date=2023-12-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fprogram%2Fupfront%2F2023%2F12%2F1%2Fformer-icc-chief-prosecutor-israels-siege-of-gaza-is-a-genocide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl_Jazeera2024a" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240206045355/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/1/24/how-israel-has-destroyed-gazas-schools-and-universities">"How Israel has destroyed Gaza's schools and universities"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. 24 January 2024. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/2/18/brazils-lula-compares-israels-war-on-gaza-with-the-holocaust">the original</a> on 19 February 2024. Retrieved 19 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Brazil%27s+Lula+compares+Israel%27s+war+on+Gaza+with+the+Holocaust&rft.date=2024-02-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2024%2F2%2F18%2Fbrazils-lula-compares-israels-war-on-gaza-with-the-holocaust&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl_Jazeera2024c" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240226061814/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/2/19/icj-to-hold-hearings-on-israels-occupation-of-palestinian-territories">"ICJ to hold hearings on Israel's occupation of Palestinian territories"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. 19 February 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/2/19/icj-to-hold-hearings-on-israels-occupation-of-palestinian-territories">the original</a> on 26 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=ICJ+to+hold+hearings+on+Israel%27s+occupation+of+Palestinian+territories&rft.date=2024-02-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2024%2F2%2F19%2Ficj-to-hold-hearings-on-israels-occupation-of-palestinian-territories&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl_Jazeera2024d" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/2/21/colombia-bolivia-back-brazils-lula-in-israel-row-over-gaza-war-comments">"Colombia, Bolivia back Brazil's Lula in Israel row over Gaza war comments"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. 21 February 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240709233505/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/2/21/colombia-bolivia-back-brazils-lula-in-israel-row-over-gaza-war-comments">Archived</a> from the original on 9 July 2024. Retrieved 12 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Colombia%2C+Bolivia+back+Brazil%27s+Lula+in+Israel+row+over+Gaza+war+comments&rft.date=2024-02-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2024%2F2%2F21%2Fcolombia-bolivia-back-brazils-lula-in-israel-row-over-gaza-war-comments&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl_Jazeera2024e" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240224063836/https://www.aljazeera.com/program/newsfeed/2024/2/23/qatar-to-icj-israel-carrying-out-genocidal-war-on-people-of-gaza">"Qatar to ICJ: Israel carrying out 'genocidal war' on people of Gaza"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. 23 February 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/program/newsfeed/2024/2/23/qatar-to-icj-israel-carrying-out-genocidal-war-on-people-of-gaza">the original</a> on 24 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Qatar+to+ICJ%3A+Israel+carrying+out+%27genocidal+war%27+on+people+of+Gaza&rft.date=2024-02-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fprogram%2Fnewsfeed%2F2024%2F2%2F23%2Fqatar-to-icj-israel-carrying-out-genocidal-war-on-people-of-gaza&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl_Jazeera2024f" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240305002212/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/2/26/has-israel-complied-with-icj-order-in-gaza-genocide-case">"Has Israel complied with ICJ order in Gaza genocide case?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. 26 February 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/2/26/has-israel-complied-with-icj-order-in-gaza-genocide-case">the original</a> on 5 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Has+Israel+complied+with+ICJ+order+in+Gaza+genocide+case%3F&rft.date=2024-02-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2024%2F2%2F26%2Fhas-israel-complied-with-icj-order-in-gaza-genocide-case&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl_Jazeera2024g" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240618090800/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/3/27/un-expert-says-she-faces-threats-after-israel-gaza-genocide-report">"UN expert says she faces threats after Israel-Gaza genocide report"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. 27 March 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/3/27/un-expert-says-she-faces-threats-after-israel-gaza-genocide-report">the original</a> on 18 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=UN+expert+says+she+faces+threats+after+Israel-Gaza+genocide+report&rft.date=2024-03-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2024%2F3%2F27%2Fun-expert-says-she-faces-threats-after-israel-gaza-genocide-report&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl_Jazeera2024h" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240718090843/https://www.aljazeera.com/program/talk-to-al-jazeera/2024/5/19/malaysian-pm-cant-deny-us-complicity-in-gaza-genocide">"Malaysian PM: Can't deny US complicity in Gaza genocide"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. 19 May 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/program/talk-to-al-jazeera/2024/5/19/malaysian-pm-cant-deny-us-complicity-in-gaza-genocide">the original</a> on 18 July 2024. Retrieved 12 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Malaysian+PM%3A+Can%27t+deny+US+complicity+in+Gaza+genocide&rft.date=2024-05-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fprogram%2Ftalk-to-al-jazeera%2F2024%2F5%2F19%2Fmalaysian-pm-cant-deny-us-complicity-in-gaza-genocide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl_Jazeera2024i" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240924191951/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/9/24/maldives-leader-says-israel-must-be-held-to-account-for-genocide-in-gaza">"Maldives leader says Israel must be held to account for 'genocide' in Gaza"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. 24 September 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/9/24/maldives-leader-says-israel-must-be-held-to-account-for-genocide-in-gaza">the original</a> on 24 September 2024. Retrieved 17 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Maldives+leader+says+Israel+must+be+held+to+account+for+%27genocide%27+in+Gaza&rft.date=2024-09-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2024%2F9%2F24%2Fmaldives-leader-says-israel-must-be-held-to-account-for-genocide-in-gaza&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl_Jazeera2024j" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241203061957/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/11/14/israels-warfare-methods-in-gaza-consistent-with-genocide-un-committee">"Israel's warfare methods in Gaza 'consistent with genocide': UN committee"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. 14 November 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/11/14/israels-warfare-methods-in-gaza-consistent-with-genocide-un-committee">the original</a> on 3 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Israel%27s+warfare+methods+in+Gaza+%27consistent+with+genocide%27%3A+UN+committee&rft.date=2024-11-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2024%2F11%2F14%2Fisraels-warfare-methods-in-gaza-consistent-with-genocide-un-committee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl_Jazeera2024k" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241118072543/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/11/17/pope-francis-urges-inquiry-into-gaza-genocide-allegations">"Pope Francis urges inquiry into Gaza genocide allegations"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. 17 November 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/11/17/pope-francis-urges-inquiry-into-gaza-genocide-allegations">the original</a> on 18 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Pope+Francis+urges+inquiry+into+Gaza+genocide+allegations&rft.date=2024-11-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2024%2F11%2F17%2Fpope-francis-urges-inquiry-into-gaza-genocide-allegations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl-Khalidi2024" class="citation news cs1">Al-Khalidi, Suleiman (12 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/jordan-says-failure-curb-israel-endangers-wider-region-2024-01-12/">"Jordan blames Israel for regional tensions, backs S.Africa in 'genocide' case"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240313190110/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/jordan-says-failure-curb-israel-endangers-wider-region-2024-01-12/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 March 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Jordan+blames+Israel+for+regional+tensions%2C+backs+S.Africa+in+%27genocide%27+case&rft.date=2024-01-12&rft.aulast=Al-Khalidi&rft.aufirst=Suleiman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fjordan-says-failure-curb-israel-endangers-wider-region-2024-01-12%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl-Mughrabi2024" class="citation news cs1">Al-Mughrabi, Nidal (13 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240127095016/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israel-presses-with-gaza-offensive-approaching-100-days-war-2024-01-13/">"Israel pushes ahead with Gaza offensive approaching 100 days of war"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israel-presses-with-gaza-offensive-approaching-100-days-war-2024-01-13/">the original</a> on 27 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Israel+pushes+ahead+with+Gaza+offensive+approaching+100+days+of+war&rft.date=2024-01-13&rft.aulast=Al-Mughrabi&rft.aufirst=Nidal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fisrael-presses-with-gaza-offensive-approaching-100-days-war-2024-01-13%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl_Nassim2024" class="citation news cs1">Al Nassim, Hommamm (10 June 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nan.media/en/senegal-palestine-is-being-subjected-to-genocide-with-the-complicity-of-all-the-worlds-powers/">"Senegal: Palestine is being subjected to genocide with the complicity of all the world's powers"</a>. Northern Africa News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240712204214/https://nan.media/en/senegal-palestine-is-being-subjected-to-genocide-with-the-complicity-of-all-the-worlds-powers/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 July 2024. Retrieved 12 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northern+Africa+News&rft.atitle=Senegal%3A+Palestine+is+being+subjected+to+genocide+with+the+complicity+of+all+the+world%27s+powers&rft.date=2024-06-10&rft.aulast=Al+Nassim&rft.aufirst=Hommamm&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnan.media%2Fen%2Fsenegal-palestine-is-being-subjected-to-genocide-with-the-complicity-of-all-the-worlds-powers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlsaafinOsgood2024a" class="citation news cs1">Alsaafin, Linah; Osgood, Brian (9 February 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240211130227/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/2/9/israels-war-on-gaza-live-fear-in-rafah-as-israel-prepares-ground-attack?update=2694794">"Turkey: World's silence on Gaza 'complicity in genocide'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/2/9/israels-war-on-gaza-live-fear-in-rafah-as-israel-prepares-ground-attack?update=2694794">the original</a> on 11 February 2024. Retrieved 11 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Turkey%3A+World%27s+silence+on+Gaza+%27complicity+in+genocide%27&rft.date=2024-02-09&rft.aulast=Alsaafin&rft.aufirst=Linah&rft.au=Osgood%2C+Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2024%2F2%2F9%2Fisraels-war-on-gaza-live-fear-in-rafah-as-israel-prepares-ground-attack%3Fupdate%3D2694794&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlsaafinOsgood2024b" class="citation news cs1">Alsaafin, Linah; Osgood, Brian (9 February 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240209192033/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/2/9/israels-war-on-gaza-live-fear-in-rafah-as-israel-prepares-ground-attack?update=2695243">"Amnesty International director says Palestinians in Gaza at 'grave risk' of genocide"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/2/9/israels-war-on-gaza-live-fear-in-rafah-as-israel-prepares-ground-attack?update=2695243">the original</a> on 9 February 2024. Retrieved 10 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Amnesty+International+director+says+Palestinians+in+Gaza+at+%27grave+risk%27+of+genocide&rft.date=2024-02-09&rft.aulast=Alsaafin&rft.aufirst=Linah&rft.au=Osgood%2C+Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2024%2F2%2F9%2Fisraels-war-on-gaza-live-fear-in-rafah-as-israel-prepares-ground-attack%3Fupdate%3D2695243&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlsaafinSiddiqui2024" class="citation news cs1">Alsaafin, Linah; Siddiqui, Usaid (10 February 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240211130345/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/2/10/israels-war-on-gaza-live-death-toll-nears-28000-as-rafah-assault-looms?update=2697418">"Qatar strongly condemns Israeli threats to storm Rafah"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/2/10/israels-war-on-gaza-live-death-toll-nears-28000-as-rafah-assault-looms?update=2697418">the original</a> on 11 February 2024. Retrieved 11 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Qatar+strongly+condemns+Israeli+threats+to+storm+Rafah&rft.date=2024-02-10&rft.aulast=Alsaafin&rft.aufirst=Linah&rft.au=Siddiqui%2C+Usaid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2024%2F2%2F10%2Fisraels-war-on-gaza-live-death-toll-nears-28000-as-rafah-assault-looms%3Fupdate%3D2697418&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmnesty_International2022" class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/MDE1551412022ENGLISH.pdf">Israel's Apartheid Against Palestinians: Cruel System of Domination and Crime Against Humanity</a> (PDF) (Report). <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a>. 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Retrieved 6 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Israel%27s+Apartheid+Against+Palestinians%3A+Cruel+System+of+Domination+and+Crime+Against+Humanity&rft.pub=Amnesty+International&rft.date=2022-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amnesty.org%2Fen%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2022%2F02%2FMDE1551412022ENGLISH.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmnesty_International_report2024" class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amnesty.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Amnesty-International-Gaza-Genocide-Report-December-4-2024.pdf">'You Feel Like You Are Subhuman': Israel's Genocide Against Palestinians In Gaza</a> (PDF) (Report). <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a>. 4 December 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241205121850/https://amnesty.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Amnesty-International-Gaza-Genocide-Report-December-4-2024.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 5 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=%27You+Feel+Like+You+Are+Subhuman%27%3A+Israel%27s+Genocide+Against+Palestinians+In+Gaza&rft.pub=Amnesty+International&rft.date=2024-12-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famnesty.ca%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F12%2FAmnesty-International-Gaza-Genocide-Report-December-4-2024.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAngel2024" class="citation journal cs1">Angel, Arielle (24 September 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240926154348/https://newleftreview.org/issues/ii148/articles/arielle-angel-leaving-zion">"Leaving Zion"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_Left_Review" title="New Left Review">New Left Review</a> (148): 23–40. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ansa.it/english/news/politics/2024/01/11/israel-has-hit-civilians-in-gaza-but-no-genocide-tajani_05247bb7-3385-42c9-a907-565bdba33c12.html">the original</a> on 28 December 2024. Retrieved 17 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agenzia+Nazionale+Stampa+Associata&rft.atitle=Israel+has+hit+civilians+in+Gaza+but+no+genocide+-+Tajani&rft.date=2024-01-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ansa.it%2Fenglish%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2F2024%2F01%2F11%2Fisrael-has-hit-civilians-in-gaza-but-no-genocide-tajani_05247bb7-3385-42c9-a907-565bdba33c12.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAntonio2023" class="citation news cs1">Antonio, Raymund (23 October 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231101160309/https://mb.com.ph/2023/10/23/civilians-not-a-target-envoy-decries-genocide-tag-of-israel-hamas-war">"Civilians not a target: Envoy decries 'genocide' tag of Israel–Hamas war"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Manila_Bulletin" title="Manila Bulletin">Manila Bulletin</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mb.com.ph/2023/10/23/civilians-not-a-target-envoy-decries-genocide-tag-of-israel-hamas-war">the original</a> on 1 November 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023. <q>Israeli Ambassador to the Philippines Ilan Fluss rejected the notion that his country is committing genocide in Gaza City, where a two-week war has erupted ... their measures were targeting Hamas members, and they were 'taking all measures to avoid having civilians affected" by attacks. 'We are informing civilians even before attacks: keep away from Hamas' infrastructure and Hamas' facilities,' ... Hamas attacked Israel on Oct. 7, and killed at least 1,400 people, mostly civilians.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Manila+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Civilians+not+a+target%3A+Envoy+decries+%27genocide%27+tag+of+Israel%E2%80%93Hamas+war&rft.date=2023-10-23&rft.aulast=Antonio&rft.aufirst=Raymund&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmb.com.ph%2F2023%2F10%2F23%2Fcivilians-not-a-target-envoy-decries-genocide-tag-of-israel-hamas-war&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArab_News2023" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231018143356/https://www.arabnews.com/node/2387276/middle-east">"Hamas leader Haniyeh: Battle 'will spread to West Bank, Jerusalem'"</a>. 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Retrieved 2 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Gazan+prisoners+describe+abuse+at+secretive+Israeli+detention+sites&rft.date=2024-01-12&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft.aulast=Berger&rft.aufirst=Miriam&rft.au=Harb%2C+Hajar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2F2024%2F01%2F11%2Fgaza-detainees-israel-prisons-hamas%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBergmanZitun2024a" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Ronen_Bergman" title="Ronen Bergman">Bergman, Ronen</a>; Zitun, Yoav (10 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240224193530/https://www.ynet.co.il/news/article/yokra13754368">"hahor'a: lemanoa mimchavlim lechzor le'eza tavivkel mechir, gam am yesh itam hatofim" <bdi lang="he">ההוראה: למנוע ממחבלים לחזור לעזה 'בכל מחיר', גם אם יש איתם חטופים</bdi></a> [The instructions: prevent terrorists from returning to Gaza "at all costs" even if there are hostages with them]. <a href="/wiki/Ynet" title="Ynet">Ynet</a> (in Hebrew). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ynet.co.il/news/article/yokra13754368">the original</a> on 24 February 2024. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://w.ynet.co.il/yediot/7-days/time-of-darkness">the original</a> on 18 January 2024. Retrieved 19 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yedioth+Ahronoth&rft.atitle=hashe%27ot+ha%27roshonot+shel+hashevet+hischura+%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%AA+%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA+%D7%A9%D7%9C+%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%AA+%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%94&rft.date=2024-01-12&rft.aulast=Bergman&rft.aufirst=Ronen&rft.au=Zitun%2C+Yoav&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fw.ynet.co.il%2Fyediot%2F7-days%2Ftime-of-darkness&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBigg2024" class="citation news cs1">Bigg, Matthew Mpoke (11 July 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240712123712/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/11/world/middleeast/gaza-war-death-toll-lancet.html%20">"Fighting Isn't the Only Killer of Gazans Amid the War, Researchers Say"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/11/world/middleeast/gaza-war-death-toll-lancet.html">the original</a> on 12 July 2024. 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Retrieved 22 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=How+will+ICJ+rule+on+Gaza+genocide+case%3F+Ex-IDF+int%27l+law+chief+speaks&rft.date=2024-01-09&rft.aulast=Bob&rft.aufirst=Yonah+Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2Fisrael-hamas-war%2Farticle-781476&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoffey2023" class="citation news cs1">Boffey, Daniel (17 November 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240227174043/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/nov/17/why-are-european-governments-clamping-down-right-to-protest">"Why are European governments clamping down on the right to protest?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. 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Retrieved 5 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=What+is+Hamas%3F+The+group+that+rules+the+Gaza+Strip+has+fought+several+rounds+of+war+with+Israel&rft.date=2023-10-09&rft.aulast=El+Deeb&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fhamas-gaza-palestinian-authority-israel-war-ed7018dbaae09b81513daf3bda38109a&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEl_Deeb2024" class="citation news cs1">El Deeb, Sara (17 June 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240619102152/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/investigation-identifies-entire-palestinian-families-killed-by-israeli-strikes-in-gaza">"Investigation identifies entire Palestinian families killed by Israeli strikes in Gaza"</a>. <a href="/wiki/PBS_Newshour" class="mw-redirect" title="PBS Newshour">PBS Newshour</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. 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Retrieved 12 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Defense+minister+announces+%27complete+siege%27+of+Gaza%3A+No+power%2C+food+or+fuel&rft.date=2023-10-09&rft.aulast=Fabian&rft.aufirst=Emanuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fliveblog_entry%2Fdefense-minister-announces-complete-siege-of-gaza-no-power-food-or-fuel%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFaddoulShannonAsgharBoukari2023" class="citation journal cs1">Faddoul, Alix; Shannon, Geordan; Asghar, Khudejha; Boukari, Yamina; Smith, James; Neilson, Amy (18 December 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231221154829/https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(23)02751-4/fulltext">"The health dimensions of violence in Palestine: a call to prevent genocide"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Lancet" title="The Lancet">The Lancet</a>. 403 (10421): 25–26. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2823%2902751-4">10.1016/S0140-6736(23)02751-4</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38128558">38128558</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:266357297">266357297</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/bac169fb-4d28-4729-85e8-a13a197b0368">the original</a> on 3 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=UK+to+halt+exports+of+some+arms+to+Israel+citing+possible+law+breaches&rft.date=2024-09-02&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=Lucy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2Fbac169fb-4d28-4729-85e8-a13a197b0368&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFForensic_Architecture2024" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20241028155707/https://forensic-architecture.org/investigation/a-cartography-of-genocide">"A Cartography of Genocide: Israel's Conduct in Gaza Since October 2023"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Forensic_Architecture" title="Forensic Architecture">Forensic Architecture</a>. 7 October 2024. 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Gaza Healthcare Letters. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gazahealthcareletters.org/usa-letter-oct-2-2024">the original</a> on 9 October 2024. Retrieved 21 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gaza+Healthcare+Letters&rft.atitle=USA+Letter+%7C+2+October&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gazahealthcareletters.org%2Fusa-letter-oct-2-2024&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeller2024" class="citation news cs1">Geller, Adam (19 December 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241220100513/https://apnews.com/article/israel-palestinians-hamas-gaza-genocide-human-rights-watch-0cae5c250415975ebbfcfdab6808abc4">"Human Rights Watch says Israel's restriction of water supply in Gaza amounts to acts of genocide"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AP_News" class="mw-redirect" title="AP News">AP News</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/israel-palestinians-hamas-gaza-genocide-human-rights-watch-0cae5c250415975ebbfcfdab6808abc4">the original</a> on 20 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=Human+Rights+Watch+says+Israel%27s+restriction+of+water+supply+in+Gaza+amounts+to+acts+of+genocide&rft.date=2024-12-19&rft.aulast=Geller&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fisrael-palestinians-hamas-gaza-genocide-human-rights-watch-0cae5c250415975ebbfcfdab6808abc4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeneva_Declaration_Secretariat2008" class="citation report cs1">Geneva Declaration Secretariat (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/Crime-statistics/Global-Burden-of-Armed-Violence-full-report.pdf">Global Burden of Armed Violence</a> (PDF) (Report). Geneva Declaration Secretariat. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241207142656/https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/Crime-statistics/Global-Burden-of-Armed-Violence-full-report.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 7 December 2024. Retrieved 11 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Global+Burden+of+Armed+Violence&rft.pub=Geneva+Declaration+Secretariat&rft.date=2008&rft.au=Geneva+Declaration+Secretariat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unodc.org%2Fdocuments%2Fdata-and-analysis%2FCrime-statistics%2FGlobal-Burden-of-Armed-Violence-full-report.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGessen2023a" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Masha_Gessen" title="Masha Gessen">Gessen, Masha</a> (9 December 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240117043556/https://www.newyorker.com/news/the-weekend-essay/in-the-shadow-of-the-holocaust">"In the Shadow of the Holocaust"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/the-weekend-essay/in-the-shadow-of-the-holocaust">the original</a> on 17 January 2024. Retrieved 15 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=In+the+Shadow+of+the+Holocaust&rft.date=2023-12-09&rft.aulast=Gessen&rft.aufirst=Masha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fnews%2Fthe-weekend-essay%2Fin-the-shadow-of-the-holocaust&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGessen2023b" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Masha_Gessen" title="Masha Gessen">Gessen, Masha</a> (21 December 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YU6kP9UqhGI&t=977s">"Masha Gessen Responds to Controversy After Comparing Gaza to a Nazi Ghetto"</a> (video). <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>. <a href="/wiki/Amanpour_and_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Amanpour and Company">Amanpour and Company</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240110030226/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YU6kP9UqhGI&t=977s">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2024. Retrieved 11 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Masha+Gessen+Responds+to+Controversy+After+Comparing+Gaza+to+a+Nazi+Ghetto&rft.date=2023-12-21&rft.aulast=Gessen&rft.aufirst=Masha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DYU6kP9UqhGI%26t%3D977s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGessen2024" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Masha_Gessen" title="Masha Gessen">Gessen, Masha</a> (7 February 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240207111514/https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/the-limits-of-accusing-israel-of-genocide-under-international-law">"The Limits of Accusing Israel of Genocide"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/the-limits-of-accusing-israel-of-genocide-under-international-law">the original</a> on 7 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=The+Limits+of+Accusing+Israel+of+Genocide&rft.date=2024-02-07&rft.aulast=Gessen&rft.aufirst=Masha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fnews%2Four-columnists%2Fthe-limits-of-accusing-israel-of-genocide-under-international-law&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGjevori2025" class="citation news cs1">Gjevori, Elis (3 January 2025). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20250105100454/https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/israeli-lawmakers-call-killing-every-palestinian-northern-gaza">"Israeli MPs call for the killing of every Palestinian without white flag in northern Gaza"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Eye" title="Middle East Eye">Middle East Eye</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/israeli-lawmakers-call-killing-every-palestinian-northern-gaza">the original</a> on 5 January 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Eye&rft.atitle=Israeli+MPs+call+for+the+killing+of+every+Palestinian+without+white+flag+in+northern+Gaza&rft.date=2025-01-03&rft.aulast=Gjevori&rft.aufirst=Elis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeasteye.net%2Fnews%2Fisraeli-lawmakers-call-killing-every-palestinian-northern-gaza&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldbergBlatman2025a" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Amos_Goldberg" title="Amos Goldberg">Goldberg, Amos</a>; <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Blatman" title="Daniel Blatman">Blatman, Daniel</a> (16 January 2025). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20250118183431/https://www.haaretz.co.il/opinions/2025-01-16/ty-article-opinion/.premium/00000194-6ee1-d545-a39e-eee9a59a0000">"amnam mah shemitrachesh be'aza eino Auschwitz, ach zu ota mishpacha — pesha hashmadat am" <bdi lang="he">אמנם מה שמתרחש בעזה אינו אושוויץ, אך זו אותה משפחה — פשע השמדת עם</bdi></a> [Although what is happening in Gaza is not Auschwitz, it is the same family – a crime of genocide.]. <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a> (in Hebrew). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.co.il/opinions/2025-01-16/ty-article-opinion/.premium/00000194-6ee1-d545-a39e-eee9a59a0000">the original</a> on 18 January 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=amnam+mah+shemitrachesh+be%27aza+eino+Auschwitz%2C+ach+zu+ota+mishpacha+%E2%80%94+pesha+hashmadat+am+%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%9D+%D7%9E%D7%94+%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%A9+%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%94+%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95+%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A5%2C+%D7%90%D7%9A+%D7%96%D7%95+%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%94+%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%97%D7%94+%E2%80%94+%D7%A4%D7%A9%D7%A2+%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%AA+%D7%A2%D7%9D&rft.date=2025-01-16&rft.aulast=Goldberg&rft.aufirst=Amos&rft.au=Blatman%2C+Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.co.il%2Fopinions%2F2025-01-16%2Fty-article-opinion%2F.premium%2F00000194-6ee1-d545-a39e-eee9a59a0000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldbergBlatman2025b" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Amos_Goldberg" title="Amos Goldberg">Goldberg, Amos</a>; <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Blatman" title="Daniel Blatman">Blatman, Daniel</a> (30 January 2025). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20250201234101/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2025-01-30/ty-article-magazine/.highlight/theres-no-auschwitz-in-gaza-but-its-still-genocide/00000194-b8af-dee1-a5dc-fcff384b0000">"There's No Auschwitz in Gaza. But It's Still Genocide"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2025-01-30/ty-article-magazine/.highlight/theres-no-auschwitz-in-gaza-but-its-still-genocide/00000194-b8af-dee1-a5dc-fcff384b0000">the original</a> on 1 February 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=There%27s+No+Auschwitz+in+Gaza.+But+It%27s+Still+Genocide&rft.date=2025-01-30&rft.aulast=Goldberg&rft.aufirst=Amos&rft.au=Blatman%2C+Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fisrael-news%2F2025-01-30%2Fty-article-magazine%2F.highlight%2Ftheres-no-auschwitz-in-gaza-but-its-still-genocide%2F00000194-b8af-dee1-a5dc-fcff384b0000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldenberg2024a" class="citation news cs1">Goldenberg, Tia (18 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240305035421/https://apnews.com/article/israel-palestinians-south-africa-genocide-hate-speech-97a9e4a84a3a6bebeddfb80f8a030724">"Harsh Israeli rhetoric against Palestinians becomes central to South Africa's genocide case"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/israel-palestinians-south-africa-genocide-hate-speech-97a9e4a84a3a6bebeddfb80f8a030724">the original</a> on 5 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Harsh+Israeli+rhetoric+against+Palestinians+becomes+central+to+South+Africa%27s+genocide+case&rft.date=2024-01-18&rft.aulast=Goldenberg&rft.aufirst=Tia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fisrael-palestinians-south-africa-genocide-hate-speech-97a9e4a84a3a6bebeddfb80f8a030724&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldenberg2024b" class="citation news cs1">Goldenberg, Tia (29 May 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241121171054/https://apnews.com/article/israel-netanyahu-antisemitism-campus-05ebd71bec931a62f58e7d5f9e93fa19">"Netanyahu frequently makes claims of antisemitism. Critics say he's deflecting from his own problems"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AP_News" class="mw-redirect" title="AP News">AP News</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/israel-netanyahu-antisemitism-campus-05ebd71bec931a62f58e7d5f9e93fa19">the original</a> on 21 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=Netanyahu+frequently+makes+claims+of+antisemitism.+Critics+say+he%27s+deflecting+from+his+own+problems&rft.date=2024-05-29&rft.aulast=Goldenberg&rft.aufirst=Tia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fisrael-netanyahu-antisemitism-campus-05ebd71bec931a62f58e7d5f9e93fa19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraham-HarrisonBorger2023" class="citation news cs1">Graham-Harrison, Emma; Borger, Julian (19 December 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231224201330/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/dec/19/palestinian-casualties-in-gaza-near-20000-with-nearly-2m-people-displaced">"Palestinian death toll in Gaza nears 20,000 with nearly 2 million people displaced"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/dec/19/palestinian-casualties-in-gaza-near-20000-with-nearly-2m-people-displaced">the original</a> on 24 December 2023. Retrieved 25 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Palestinian+death+toll+in+Gaza+nears+20%2C000+with+nearly+2+million+people+displaced&rft.date=2023-12-19&rft.aulast=Graham-Harrison&rft.aufirst=Emma&rft.au=Borger%2C+Julian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2023%2Fdec%2F19%2Fpalestinian-casualties-in-gaza-near-20000-with-nearly-2m-people-displaced&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraham-HarrisonKierszenbaum2024" class="citation news cs1">Graham-Harrison, Emma; Kierszenbaum, Quique (3 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240128043046/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/jan/03/israeli-public-figures-accuse-judiciary-of-ignoring-incitement-to-genocide-in-gaza">"Israeli public figures accuse judiciary of ignoring incitement to genocide in Gaza"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/jan/03/israeli-public-figures-accuse-judiciary-of-ignoring-incitement-to-genocide-in-gaza">the original</a> on 28 January 2024. Retrieved 6 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Israeli+public+figures+accuse+judiciary+of+ignoring+incitement+to+genocide+in+Gaza&rft.date=2024-01-03&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Graham-Harrison&rft.aufirst=Emma&rft.au=Kierszenbaum%2C+Quique&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2024%2Fjan%2F03%2Fisraeli-public-figures-accuse-judiciary-of-ignoring-incitement-to-genocide-in-gaza&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraham-Harrison2024a" class="citation news cs1">Graham-Harrison, Emma (25 February 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240227025505/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/feb/25/gaza-death-toll-set-to-pass-30000-as-israel-prepares-assault-on-rafah">"Gaza death toll set to pass 30,000, as Israel prepares assault on Rafah"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/feb/25/gaza-death-toll-set-to-pass-30000-as-israel-prepares-assault-on-rafah">the original</a> on 27 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Gaza+death+toll+set+to+pass+30%2C000%2C+as+Israel+prepares+assault+on+Rafah&rft.date=2024-02-25&rft.aulast=Graham-Harrison&rft.aufirst=Emma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2024%2Ffeb%2F25%2Fgaza-death-toll-set-to-pass-30000-as-israel-prepares-assault-on-rafah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraham-Harrison2024b" class="citation news cs1">Graham-Harrison, Emma (17 September 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240926015208/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/sep/17/gaza-publishes-identities-of-34344-palestinians-killed-in-war-with-israel">"Gaza publishes identities of 34,344 Palestinians killed in war with Israel"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/sep/17/gaza-publishes-identities-of-34344-palestinians-killed-in-war-with-israel">the original</a> on 26 September 2024. Retrieved 23 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Gaza+publishes+identities+of+34%2C344+Palestinians+killed+in+war+with+Israel&rft.date=2024-09-17&rft.aulast=Graham-Harrison&rft.aufirst=Emma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2024%2Fsep%2F17%2Fgaza-publishes-identities-of-34344-palestinians-killed-in-war-with-israel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGroves2024" class="citation news cs1">Groves, Stephen (16 May 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240521033959/https://www.courant.com/2024/05/16/house-votes-to-require-delivery-of-bombs-to-israel-in-gop-led-rebuke-of-biden-policies/">"House votes to require delivery of bombs to Israel in GOP-led rebuke of Biden policies"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hartford_Courant" title="Hartford Courant">Hartford Courant</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. 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Retrieved 21 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hartford+Courant&rft.atitle=House+votes+to+require+delivery+of+bombs+to+Israel+in+GOP-led+rebuke+of+Biden+policies&rft.date=2024-05-16&rft.aulast=Groves&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.courant.com%2F2024%2F05%2F16%2Fhouse-votes-to-require-delivery-of-bombs-to-israel-in-gop-led-rebuke-of-biden-policies%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Guardian_Staff2024" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240808072518/https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/aug/08/israel-finance-minister-bezalel-smotrich-gaza-starve-2m-people-comments">"Israel minister condemned for saying starvation of millions in Gaza might be 'justified and moral'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. 8 August 2024. 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Retrieved 25 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Turkey%27s+Erdogan+calls+on+Israel+to+stop+its+attacks+on+Gaza+%27amounting+to+genocide%27&rft.date=2023-10-20&rft.aulast=Gumrukcu&rft.aufirst=Tuvan&rft.au=Karakas%2C+Burcu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fturkeys-erdogan-calls-israel-stop-attacks-gaza-amounting-genocide-2023-10-20%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGvaryahu2024" class="citation magazine cs1">Gvaryahu, Avner (4 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240404223751/https://www.foreignaffairs.com/israel/myth-israels-moral-army">"The Myth of Israel's "Moral Army": The Failure of the IDF's Targeting Protocols Is Producing Massive Civilian Casualties"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs" title="Foreign Affairs">Foreign Affairs</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foreignaffairs.com/israel/myth-israels-moral-army">the original</a> on 4 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Affairs&rft.atitle=The+Myth+of+Israel%27s+%22Moral+Army%22%3A+The+Failure+of+the+IDF%27s+Targeting+Protocols+Is+Producing+Massive+Civilian+Casualties&rft.date=2024-03-04&rft.aulast=Gvaryahu&rft.aufirst=Avner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foreignaffairs.com%2Fisrael%2Fmyth-israels-moral-army&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGV_Wire2023" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240127095745/https://gvwire.com/2023/12/19/dershowitz-and-finkelstein-rekindle-decades-old-debate-on-israel-palestine-conflict/">"Dershowitz and Finkelstein Rekindle Decades-Old Debate on Israel-Palestine Conflict"</a>. 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Retrieved 29 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GV+Wire&rft.atitle=Dershowitz+and+Finkelstein+Rekindle+Decades-Old+Debate+on+Israel-Palestine+Conflict&rft.date=2023-12-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgvwire.com%2F2023%2F12%2F19%2Fdershowitz-and-finkelstein-rekindle-decades-old-debate-on-israel-palestine-conflict%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaaretz2024a" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20241106020759/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2024-01-03/ty-article/its-clear-to-everyone-gazans-must-be-destroyed-israeli-lawmaker-says/0000018c-ce57-ddba-abad-cef736e40000">"It's Clear to Everyone Gazans Must Be Destroyed, Israeli Lawmaker Says"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a>. 3 January 2024. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/opinion/editorial/2024-04-30/ty-article-opinion/smotrich-must-pay-the-price-for-his-repeated-calls-for-genocide-of-palestinians/0000018f-3084-d0b5-a59f-31c5ca320000">the original</a> on 2 May 2024. Retrieved 17 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Haaretz+Editorial+%7C+Smotrich+Must+Pay+the+Price+for+His+Repeated+Calls+for+Genocide+of+Palestinians&rft.date=2024-08-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fopinion%2Feditorial%2F2024-04-30%2Fty-article-opinion%2Fsmotrich-must-pay-the-price-for-his-repeated-calls-for-genocide-of-palestinians%2F0000018f-3084-d0b5-a59f-31c5ca320000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaigh2023" class="citation news cs1">Haigh, Elizabeth (15 November 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240117233607/https://www.jurist.org/news/2023/11/humanitarian-groups-sue-biden-and-administration-officials-for-involvement-in-israel-hamas-war/">"Humanitarian groups sue Biden and administration officials for involvement in Israel-Hamas war"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jurist_(website)" title="Jurist (website)">Jurist</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jurist.org/news/2023/11/humanitarian-groups-sue-biden-and-administration-officials-for-involvement-in-israel-hamas-war/">the original</a> on 17 January 2024. Retrieved 8 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jurist&rft.atitle=Humanitarian+groups+sue+Biden+and+administration+officials+for+involvement+in+Israel-Hamas+war&rft.date=2023-11-15&rft.aulast=Haigh&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jurist.org%2Fnews%2F2023%2F11%2Fhumanitarian-groups-sue-biden-and-administration-officials-for-involvement-in-israel-hamas-war%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHains2023" class="citation news cs1">Hains, Tim (15 December 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231229204315/https://www.realclearpolitics.com/video/2023/12/15/normal_finkelstein_vs_alan_dershowitz_when_netanyahu_calls_palestinians_amalek_he_is_calling_for_genocide.html">"Norman Finkelstein vs. Alan Dershowitz: When Netanyahu Calls Palestinians "Amalek," He Is Calling For Genocide"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.realclearpolitics.com/video/2023/12/15/normal_finkelstein_vs_alan_dershowitz_when_netanyahu_calls_palestinians_amalek_he_is_calling_for_genocide.html">the original</a> on 29 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Norman+Finkelstein+vs.+Alan+Dershowitz%3A+When+Netanyahu+Calls+Palestinians+%22Amalek%2C%22+He+Is+Calling+For+Genocide&rft.date=2023-12-15&rft.aulast=Hains&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.realclearpolitics.com%2Fvideo%2F2023%2F12%2F15%2Fnormal_finkelstein_vs_alan_dershowitz_when_netanyahu_calls_palestinians_amalek_he_is_calling_for_genocide.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHanbaliKwongNeilsonSmith2024" class="citation journal cs1">Hanbali, Layth; Kwong, Edwin Jit Leung; Neilson, Amy; Smith, James; Hafez, Sali; Khoury, Rasha (February 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10836346">"Israeli necropolitics and the pursuit of health justice in Palestine"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BMJ_Global_Health" title="BMJ Global Health">BMJ Global Health</a>. 9 (2): e014942. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fbmjgh-2023-014942">10.1136/bmjgh-2023-014942</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10836346">10836346</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38302196">38302196</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMJ+Global+Health&rft.atitle=Israeli+necropolitics+and+the+pursuit+of+health+justice+in+Palestine&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=e014942&rft.date=2024-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC10836346%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F38302196&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fbmjgh-2023-014942&rft.aulast=Hanbali&rft.aufirst=Layth&rft.au=Kwong%2C+Edwin+Jit+Leung&rft.au=Neilson%2C+Amy&rft.au=Smith%2C+James&rft.au=Hafez%2C+Sali&rft.au=Khoury%2C+Rasha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC10836346&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHanif2024" class="citation report cs1">Hanif, Faisal (March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240622210300/https://cfmm.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/CfMM-Report-Final-MEDIA-BIAS-GAZA-2023-24-ePDF.pdf">Media Bias Gaza 2023–24</a> (PDF). 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Retrieved 3 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Anti-Palestinian+sentiment+rises+amid+bipartisan+US+support+for+Israel&rft.date=2023-11-14&rft.aulast=Harb&rft.aufirst=Ali&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F11%2F14%2Fanti-palestinian-sentiment-rises-amid-bipartisan-us-support-for-israel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarb2024a" class="citation news cs1">Harb, Ali. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240103232849/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/1/3/israel-hamas-war-live-hezbollah-vows-revenge-for-israeli-strike-on-beirut?update=2596045">"UN special rapporteur calls forcible transfer of Palestinians 'act of genocide'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. 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Retrieved 16 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AOC+media&rft.atitle=Un+g%C3%A9nocide+%C3%A0+Gaza%3F+Une+r%C3%A9ponse+%C3%A0+Didier+Fassin&rft.date=2023-11-12&rft.aulast=Karsenti&rft.aufirst=Bruno&rft.au=Ehrenfreund%2C+Jacques&rft.au=Christ%2C+Julia&rft.au=Heurtin%2C+Jean-Philippe&rft.au=Boltanski%2C+Luc&rft.au=Trom%2C+Danny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faoc.media%2Fopinion%2F2023%2F11%2F12%2Fun-genocide-a-gaza-une-reponse-a-didier-fassin%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKashti2024" class="citation news cs1">Kashti, Or (5 December 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241205090244/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2024-12-05/ty-article/.premium/amnesty-israel-rejects-biased-genocide-report-by-international-organization/00000193-95c0-d408-a7d3-bfd92c6d0001">"Amnesty Israel rejects Gaza genocide report by Amnesty International"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2024-12-05/ty-article/.premium/amnesty-israel-rejects-biased-genocide-report-by-international-organization/00000193-95c0-d408-a7d3-bfd92c6d0001">the original</a> on 5 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Amnesty+Israel+rejects+Gaza+genocide+report+by+Amnesty+International&rft.date=2024-12-05&rft.aulast=Kashti&rft.aufirst=Or&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fisrael-news%2F2024-12-05%2Fty-article%2F.premium%2Famnesty-israel-rejects-biased-genocide-report-by-international-organization%2F00000193-95c0-d408-a7d3-bfd92c6d0001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeeley2023" class="citation news cs1">Keeley, Graham (8 November 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241203085405/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/8/deafening-silence-spanish-minister-calls-on-europe-to-sanction-israel">"Spain's Ione Belarra: Israel must end 'genocide' of Palestinians in Gaza"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/8/deafening-silence-spanish-minister-calls-on-europe-to-sanction-israel">the original</a> on 3 December 2024. Retrieved 14 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Spain%27s+Ione+Belarra%3A+Israel+must+end+%27genocide%27+of+Palestinians+in+Gaza&rft.date=2023-11-08&rft.aulast=Keeley&rft.aufirst=Graham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F11%2F8%2Fdeafening-silence-spanish-minister-calls-on-europe-to-sanction-israel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKekatosBeaule2023" class="citation news cs1">Kekatos, Mary; Beaule, Victoria (10 November 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240301024605/https://abcnews.go.com/International/hospitals-gaza-attack-running-fuel-icu-patients/story?id=104785819">"Hospitals in Gaza say they are under attack and running out of fuel for ICU patients"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/International/hospitals-gaza-attack-running-fuel-icu-patients/story?id=104785819">the original</a> on 1 March 2024. Retrieved 18 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Hospitals+in+Gaza+say+they+are+under+attack+and+running+out+of+fuel+for+ICU+patients&rft.date=2023-11-10&rft.aulast=Kekatos&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft.au=Beaule%2C+Victoria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FInternational%2Fhospitals-gaza-attack-running-fuel-icu-patients%2Fstory%3Fid%3D104785819&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeller-Lynn2024" class="citation news cs1">Keller-Lynn, Carrie (6 October 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20241006181906/https://www.wsj.com/world/middle-east/israel-launches-new-offensive-in-northern-gaza-orders-mass-evacuation-786f2fff">"Israel Launches New Offensive in Northern Gaza, Orders Mass Evacuation"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2024/10/11/middleeast/food-northern-gaza-starvation-un-intl">the original</a> on 2 November 2024. Retrieved 14 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=UN+says+no+food+has+entered+northern+Gaza+since+start+of+October%2C+putting+1+million+people+at+risk+of+starvation&rft.date=2024-10-11&rft.aulast=Khadder&rft.aufirst=Kareem&rft.au=Salman%2C+Abeer&rft.au=Kourdi%2C+Eyad&rft.au=Lockwood%2C+Pauline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2024%2F10%2F11%2Fmiddleeast%2Ffood-northern-gaza-starvation-un-intl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhadderHaq2024" class="citation news cs1">Khadder, Kareem; Haq, Sanna Noor (22 October 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241113001144/https://www.cnn.com/world/live-news/israel-iran-lebanon-gaza-war-10-22-24-intl-hnk#cm2kglnfl00003b6o0i7oqdym">"More than 100,000 Palestinians have been injured in Gaza since last October, according to health ministry"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2023/12/15/watching-the-watchdogs-media-law-and-gaza-genocide">the original</a> on 2 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Watching+the+watchdogs%3A+Media%2C+law+and+Gaza+genocide&rft.date=2023-12-15&rft.aulast=Khouri&rft.aufirst=Rami+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fopinions%2F2023%2F12%2F15%2Fwatching-the-watchdogs-media-law-and-gaza-genocide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhwajaBellHadleyPrice2023" class="citation journal cs1">Khwaja, Arif; Bell, Iona; Hadley, Daniell; Price, Huw; Turnbull, Clare (10 November 2023). 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/opinion/amnesty-international-responds-on-genocide-israel-gaza-49a972b5">the original</a> on 15 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Amnesty+International+Responds+on+Genocide&rft.date=2024-12-10&rft.aulast=Kittrie&rft.aufirst=Orde+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Fopinion%2Famnesty-international-responds-on-genocide-israel-gaza-49a972b5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlein2023" class="citation magazine cs1">Klein, Menachem (28 November 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.972mag.com/hamas-fatah-elections-israel-arrogance/">"Israeli arrogance thwarted a Palestinian political path. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2024/mar/14/the-zone-of-interest-auschwitz-gaza-genocide">the original</a> on 15 March 2024. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2024/10/12/middleeast/israel-military-push-northern-gaza-intl/index.html">the original</a> on 13 October 2024. 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Retrieved 28 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Currents&rft.atitle=The+Strange+Logic+of+Germany%27s+Antisemitism+Bureaucrats&rft.date=2023-07-18&rft.aulast=Kuras&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjewishcurrents.org%2Fthe-strange-logic-of-germanys-antisemitism-bureaucrats&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLakhani2024a" class="citation news cs1">Lakhani, Nina (27 February 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240228041844/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/feb/27/un-israel-food-starvation-palestinians-war-crime-genocide">"Israel is deliberately starving Palestinians, UN rights expert says"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/mar/05/un-experts-condemn-israeli-massacre-of-palestinians-collecting-flour">the original</a> on 3 December 2024. Retrieved 12 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=UN+experts+condemn+Israeli+%27massacre%27+of+Palestinians+collecting+flour&rft.date=2024-03-05&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Lakhani&rft.aufirst=Nina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2024%2Fmar%2F05%2Fun-experts-condemn-israeli-massacre-of-palestinians-collecting-flour&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLakhaniNiranjan2024" class="citation news cs1">Lakhani, Nina; Niranjan, Ajit (20 August 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240824052111/https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/aug/20/israel-war-gaza-fuel-war-crimes-warning">"Countries fueling Israel's Gaza war may be complicit in war crimes, experts warn"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. 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Retrieved 21 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Statesman&rft.atitle=%27They+kill+anything+that+moves%27&rft.date=2024-01-08&rft.aulast=Ma%C3%A7%C3%A3es&rft.aufirst=Bruno&rft.au=Levy%2C+Gideon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newstatesman.com%2Finternational-content%2Fthe-international-interview%2F2024%2F01%2Fgideon-levy-south-africa-genocide-israel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMack2023" class="citation news cs1">Mack, Eitay (7 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231220133858/https://www.middleeasteye.net/opinion/israel-us-bezalel-smotrich-evidence-genocide-support">"Israel: Evidence of Bezalel Smotrich's support for genocide is clear. The US must act"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Eye" title="Middle East Eye">Middle East Eye</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.middleeasteye.net/opinion/israel-us-bezalel-smotrich-evidence-genocide-support">the original</a> on 20 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Eye&rft.atitle=Israel%3A+Evidence+of+Bezalel+Smotrich%27s+support+for+genocide+is+clear.+The+US+must+act&rft.date=2023-03-07&rft.aulast=Mack&rft.aufirst=Eitay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeasteye.net%2Fopinion%2Fisrael-us-bezalel-smotrich-evidence-genocide-support&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMackenzieLubell2023" class="citation news cs1">Mackenzie, James; Lubell, Maayan (29 October 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20231029040509/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/eu-calls-humanitarian-pauses-gaza-aid-israel-raids-enclave-2023-10-26/">"Israel launches Gaza war's second phase with ground operation, Netanyahu says"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/eu-calls-humanitarian-pauses-gaza-aid-israel-raids-enclave-2023-10-26/">the original</a> on 29 October 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023. <q>Israel has tightened its blockade on and bombarded Gaza for three weeks after the Islamist group Hamas' Oct. 7 assault killed 1,400 Israelis ... Abbas ... said, 'Our people in the Gaza Strip are facing a war of genocide and massacres committed by the Israeli occupation forces in full view of the entire world.'</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Israel+launches+Gaza+war%27s+second+phase+with+ground+operation%2C+Netanyahu+says&rft.date=2023-10-29&rft.aulast=Mackenzie&rft.aufirst=James&rft.au=Lubell%2C+Maayan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Feu-calls-humanitarian-pauses-gaza-aid-israel-raids-enclave-2023-10-26%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMagdyShurafaKullab2023" class="citation news cs1">Magdy, Samy; Shurafa, Wafaa; Kullab, Samya (12 November 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/dwindling-fuel-supplies-gazas-hospital-generators-put-premature-104211808">"Dwindling fuel supplies for Gaza's hospital generators put premature babies in incubators at risk"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231023021534/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/dwindling-fuel-supplies-gazas-hospital-generators-put-premature-104211808">Archived</a> from the original on 23 October 2023. Retrieved 24 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Dwindling+fuel+supplies+for+Gaza%27s+hospital+generators+put+premature+babies+in+incubators+at+risk&rft.date=2023-11-12&rft.aulast=Magdy&rft.aufirst=Samy&rft.au=Shurafa%2C+Wafaa&rft.au=Kullab%2C+Samya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FInternational%2FwireStory%2Fdwindling-fuel-supplies-gazas-hospital-generators-put-premature-104211808&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMagdy2024" class="citation news cs1">Magdy, Sam (5 December 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/israel-palestinians-hamas-war-rights-amnesty-genocide-19aa8fb76f7271942e73d5d7a42434e0">"Amnesty International says Israel is committing genocide in Gaza. Israel rejects the allegations"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AP_News" class="mw-redirect" title="AP News">AP News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241217174023/https://apnews.com/article/israel-palestinians-hamas-war-rights-amnesty-genocide-19aa8fb76f7271942e73d5d7a42434e0">Archived</a> from the original on 17 December 2024. Retrieved 17 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=Amnesty+International+says+Israel+is+committing+genocide+in+Gaza.+Israel+rejects+the+allegations&rft.date=2024-12-05&rft.aulast=Magdy&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fisrael-palestinians-hamas-war-rights-amnesty-genocide-19aa8fb76f7271942e73d5d7a42434e0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMagidSharon2024" class="citation news cs1">Magid, Jacob; Sharon, Jeremy (12 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/germany-says-will-intervene-at-the-hague-on-israels-behalf-blasts-genocide-charge/">"Germany says will intervene at The Hague on Israel's behalf, blasts genocide charge"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_Israel" title="The Times of Israel">The Times of Israel</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240610064208/https://www.timesofisrael.com/germany-says-will-intervene-at-the-hague-on-israels-behalf-blasts-genocide-charge/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 June 2024. Retrieved 12 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Germany+says+will+intervene+at+The+Hague+on+Israel%27s+behalf%2C+blasts+genocide+charge&rft.date=2024-01-12&rft.aulast=Magid&rft.aufirst=Jacob&rft.au=Sharon%2C+Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fgermany-says-will-intervene-at-the-hague-on-israels-behalf-blasts-genocide-charge%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMagid2024" class="citation news cs1">Magid, Jacob (24 September 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20240928150736/https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/qatari-pm-tells-un-that-israels-war-in-gaza-is-a-gennocide/">"Qatari emir tells UN that Israel's war in Gaza is a 'genocide'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_Israel" title="The Times of Israel">The Times of Israel</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/qatari-pm-tells-un-that-israels-war-in-gaza-is-a-gennocide/">the original</a> on 28 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Qatari+emir+tells+UN+that+Israel%27s+war+in+Gaza+is+a+%27genocide%27&rft.date=2024-09-24&rft.aulast=Magid&rft.aufirst=Jacob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fliveblog_entry%2Fqatari-pm-tells-un-that-israels-war-in-gaza-is-a-gennocide%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMahdawi2024" class="citation news cs1">Mahdawi, Arwa (6 November 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20250123180723/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2024/nov/06/we-are-witnessing-the-final-stage-of-genocide-in-gaza">"We are witnessing the final stage of genocide in Gaza"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2024/nov/06/we-are-witnessing-the-final-stage-of-genocide-in-gaza">the original</a> on 23 January 2025. Retrieved 8 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=We+are+witnessing+the+final+stage+of+genocide+in+Gaza&rft.date=2024-11-06&rft.aulast=Mahdawi&rft.aufirst=Arwa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2F2024%2Fnov%2F06%2Fwe-are-witnessing-the-final-stage-of-genocide-in-gaza&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMahomed2023" class="citation journal cs1">Mahomed, Safia (December 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7196%2FSAJBL.2023.v16i3.1732">"When sanctuaries of humanity turn into corridors of horror: The destruction of healthcare in Gaza"</a>. South African Journal of Bioethics and Law. 16 (3): 77–79. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7196%2FSAJBL.2023.v16i3.1732">10.7196/SAJBL.2023.v16i3.1732</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+African+Journal+of+Bioethics+and+Law&rft.atitle=When+sanctuaries+of+humanity+turn+into+corridors+of+horror%3A+The+destruction+of+healthcare+in+Gaza&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E77-%3C%2Fspan%3E79&rft.date=2023-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7196%2FSAJBL.2023.v16i3.1732&rft.aulast=Mahomed&rft.aufirst=Safia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.7196%252FSAJBL.2023.v16i3.1732&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalsinShah2023" class="citation news cs1">Malsin, Jared; Shah, Saeed (30 December 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241208193621/https://www.wsj.com/world/middle-east/gaza-destruction-bombing-israel-aa528542">"The Ruined Landscape of Gaza After Nearly Three Months of Bombing"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/world/middle-east/gaza-destruction-bombing-israel-aa528542">the original</a> on 8 December 2024. Retrieved 12 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Ruined+Landscape+of+Gaza+After+Nearly+Three+Months+of+Bombing&rft.date=2023-12-30&rft.aulast=Malsin&rft.aufirst=Jared&rft.au=Shah%2C+Saeed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fgaza-destruction-bombing-israel-aa528542&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaltz2024" class="citation news cs1">Maltz, Judy (14 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240314192234/https://www.haaretz.com/us-news/2024-03-14/ty-article/.premium/pro-palestinians-protesters-target-nyt-building-blocking-access-to-newsroom/0000018e-3d66-d67c-a18e-ff6f0b390000">"Pro-Palestinian Protesters Block Access to New York Times Newsroom, Accuse Staff of 'Complicity in Genocide'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/us-news/2024-03-14/ty-article/.premium/pro-palestinians-protesters-target-nyt-building-blocking-access-to-newsroom/0000018e-3d66-d67c-a18e-ff6f0b390000">the original</a> on 14 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Pro-Palestinian+Protesters+Block+Access+to+New+York+Times+Newsroom%2C+Accuse+Staff+of+%27Complicity+in+Genocide%27&rft.date=2024-03-14&rft.aulast=Maltz&rft.aufirst=Judy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fus-news%2F2024-03-14%2Fty-article%2F.premium%2Fpro-palestinians-protesters-target-nyt-building-blocking-access-to-newsroom%2F0000018e-3d66-d67c-a18e-ff6f0b390000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMansoor2023" class="citation magazine cs1">Mansoor, Sanya (21 November 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240102191717/https://time.com/6337911/biden-israel-policy-palestine-pressure/">"Pro-Palestinian Americans Are Pushing Biden to Pivot"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">TIME</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/6337911/biden-israel-policy-palestine-pressure/">the original</a> on 2 January 2024. Retrieved 8 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TIME&rft.atitle=Pro-Palestinian+Americans+Are+Pushing+Biden+to+Pivot&rft.date=2023-11-21&rft.aulast=Mansoor&rft.aufirst=Sanya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F6337911%2Fbiden-israel-policy-palestine-pressure%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarinWest2024" class="citation news cs1">Marin, Siobhan; West, Andrew (30 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241209161305/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-01-31/biblical-story-amalek-south-africa-icj-genocide-case-israel/103403552">"Why a biblical story is central to South Africa's ICJ case against Israel"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(Australia)" title="ABC News (Australia)">ABC News</a>. 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Retrieved 12 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Why+a+biblical+story+is+central+to+South+Africa%27s+ICJ+case+against+Israel&rft.date=2024-01-30&rft.aulast=Marin&rft.aufirst=Siobhan&rft.au=West%2C+Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2024-01-31%2Fbiblical-story-amalek-south-africa-icj-genocide-case-israel%2F103403552&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarsh2023" class="citation news cs1">Marsh, Sarah (9 November 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231120060719/https://www.reuters.com/world/germany-accused-silencing-pro-palestinian-voices-un-rights-forum-2023-11-09/">"Germany accused of silencing pro-Palestinian voices at U.N. rights forum"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/germany-accused-silencing-pro-palestinian-voices-un-rights-forum-2023-11-09/">the original</a> on 20 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Germany+accused+of+silencing+pro-Palestinian+voices+at+U.N.+rights+forum&rft.date=2023-11-09&rft.aulast=Marsh&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fgermany-accused-silencing-pro-palestinian-voices-un-rights-forum-2023-11-09%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988">·</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarsiVarshalomidzeHarbOsgood2024" class="citation news cs1">Marsi, Federica; Varshalomidze, Tamila; <a href="/wiki/Ali_Harb" title="Ali Harb">Harb, Ali</a>; Osgood, Brian (14 February 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240214182846/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/2/14/israels-war-on-gaza-live-afraid-to-leave-as-israel-fires-on-hospital?update=2708406">"In Gaza, Biden administration complicit: Lemkin Institute for Genocide Prevention"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/2/14/israels-war-on-gaza-live-afraid-to-leave-as-israel-fires-on-hospital?update=2708406">the original</a> on 14 February 2024. Retrieved 16 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=In+Gaza%2C+Biden+administration+complicit%3A+Lemkin+Institute+for+Genocide+Prevention&rft.date=2024-02-14&rft.aulast=Marsi&rft.aufirst=Federica&rft.au=Varshalomidze%2C+Tamila&rft.au=Harb%2C+Ali&rft.au=Osgood%2C+Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2024%2F2%2F14%2Fisraels-war-on-gaza-live-afraid-to-leave-as-israel-fires-on-hospital%3Fupdate%3D2708406&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarsi2024" class="citation news cs1">Marsi, Federica (27 February 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240227143519/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/2/27/israels-war-on-gaza-live-biden-comments-turn-focus-back-to-gaza-ceasefire?update=2735412">"How much aid has entered Gaza?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/2/27/israels-war-on-gaza-live-biden-comments-turn-focus-back-to-gaza-ceasefire?update=2735412">the original</a> on 27 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=How+much+aid+has+entered+Gaza%3F&rft.date=2024-02-27&rft.aulast=Marsi&rft.aufirst=Federica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2024%2F2%2F27%2Fisraels-war-on-gaza-live-biden-comments-turn-focus-back-to-gaza-ceasefire%3Fupdate%3D2735412&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarsiMohamed2024a" class="citation news cs1">Marsi, Federica; Mohamed, Edna (14 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240314135406/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/3/14/israels-war-on-gaza-live-rafah-attack-coming-soon-despite-pressure?update=2771884">"Israeli forces detain 20 Palestinians in occupied West Bank"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/3/14/israels-war-on-gaza-live-rafah-attack-coming-soon-despite-pressure?update=2771884">the original</a> on 14 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Israeli+forces+detain+20+Palestinians+in+occupied+West+Bank&rft.date=2024-03-14&rft.aulast=Marsi&rft.aufirst=Federica&rft.au=Mohamed%2C+Edna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2024%2F3%2F14%2Fisraels-war-on-gaza-live-rafah-attack-coming-soon-despite-pressure%3Fupdate%3D2771884&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarsiMohamed2024b" class="citation news cs1">Marsi, Federica; Mohamed, Edna (14 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240314133417/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/3/14/israels-war-on-gaza-live-rafah-attack-coming-soon-despite-pressure?update=2772280">"Israel's main objective is 'collective punishment'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/3/14/israels-war-on-gaza-live-rafah-attack-coming-soon-despite-pressure?update=2772280">the original</a> on 14 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Israel%27s+main+objective+is+%27collective+punishment%27&rft.date=2024-03-14&rft.aulast=Marsi&rft.aufirst=Federica&rft.au=Mohamed%2C+Edna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2024%2F3%2F14%2Fisraels-war-on-gaza-live-rafah-attack-coming-soon-despite-pressure%3Fupdate%3D2772280&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarsiSiddiqui2024a" class="citation news cs1">Marsi, Frederica; Siddiqui, Usaid (17 February 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240218002025/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/2/17/israels-war-on-gaza-live-icj-warns-of-perilous-situation-in-rafah?update=2713416">"African Union Commission head says Gaza being 'annihilated'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/2/17/israels-war-on-gaza-live-icj-warns-of-perilous-situation-in-rafah?update=2713416">the original</a> on 18 February 2024. Retrieved 18 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=African+Union+Commission+head+says+Gaza+being+%27annihilated%27&rft.date=2024-02-17&rft.aulast=Marsi&rft.aufirst=Frederica&rft.au=Siddiqui%2C+Usaid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2024%2F2%2F17%2Fisraels-war-on-gaza-live-icj-warns-of-perilous-situation-in-rafah%3Fupdate%3D2713416&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarsiSiddiqui2024b" class="citation news cs1">Marsi, Frederica; Siddiqui, Usaid (13 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240313163109/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/3/13/israels-war-on-gaza-live-netanyahu-vows-to-finish-the-job-in-rafah?update=2770109">"Israel's war on Gaza live: Dozens of casualties in Israeli attack on UN hub"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/3/13/israels-war-on-gaza-live-netanyahu-vows-to-finish-the-job-in-rafah?update=2770109">the original</a> on 13 March 2024. Retrieved 13 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Israel%27s+war+on+Gaza+live%3A+Dozens+of+casualties+in+Israeli+attack+on+UN+hub&rft.date=2024-03-13&rft.aulast=Marsi&rft.aufirst=Frederica&rft.au=Siddiqui%2C+Usaid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2024%2F3%2F13%2Fisraels-war-on-gaza-live-netanyahu-vows-to-finish-the-job-in-rafah%3Fupdate%3D2770109&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarsiSiddiqui2024c" class="citation news cs1">Marsi, Federica; Siddiqui, Usaid (26 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240330091359/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/3/26/israels-war-on-gaza-live-world-welcomes-un-ceasefire-resolution?update=2800648">"'Ruthless push for a final solution': Pakistan back's UN rapporteur"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/3/26/israels-war-on-gaza-live-world-welcomes-un-ceasefire-resolution?update=2800648">the original</a> on 30 March 2024. Retrieved 29 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=%27Ruthless+push+for+a+final+solution%27%3A+Pakistan+back%27s+UN+rapporteur&rft.date=2024-03-26&rft.aulast=Marsi&rft.aufirst=Federica&rft.au=Siddiqui%2C+Usaid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2024%2F3%2F26%2Fisraels-war-on-gaza-live-world-welcomes-un-ceasefire-resolution%3Fupdate%3D2800648&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarsiSiddiquiMotamedi2024" class="citation news cs1">Marsi, Federica; Siddiqui, Usaid; Motamedi, Maziar (28 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/3/28/israels-war-on-gaza-live-unarmed-palestinians-killed-buried-by-bulldozer?update=2804475">"ICJ orders Israel to stop preventing 'delivery of urgently needed' aid"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240402063034/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/3/28/israels-war-on-gaza-live-unarmed-palestinians-killed-buried-by-bulldozer?update=2804475">Archived</a> from the original on 2 April 2024. Retrieved 2 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=ICJ+orders+Israel+to+stop+preventing+%27delivery+of+urgently+needed%27+aid&rft.date=2024-03-28&rft.aulast=Marsi&rft.aufirst=Federica&rft.au=Siddiqui%2C+Usaid&rft.au=Motamedi%2C+Maziar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2024%2F3%2F28%2Fisraels-war-on-gaza-live-unarmed-palestinians-killed-buried-by-bulldozer%3Fupdate%3D2804475&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarsudi2024" class="citation web cs1">Marsudi, Retno (23 September 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://estatements.unmeetings.org/estatements/10.0010/20240923090000000/qRMMeMjhrye_/cIx_NbjId_nyc_en.pdf">"Remarks by H.E. Retno L.P. 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Retrieved 2 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Eye&rft.atitle=Palestinian+workers+from+Gaza+describe+torture+and+abuse+in+Israeli+detention&rft.date=2023-11-03&rft.aulast=Masarwa&rft.aufirst=Lubna&rft.au=Osman%2C+Nadda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeasteye.net%2Fnews%2Fisrael-palestine-war-gaza-workers-torture-abuse-detention&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMassoudFick2023" class="citation news cs1">Massoud, Bassam; Fick, Maggie (23 December 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240114213315/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/fight-keep-counting-dead-gaza-2023-12-21/">"Gaza death toll: why counting the dead has become a daily struggle"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/fight-keep-counting-dead-gaza-2023-12-21/">the original</a> on 14 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Gaza+death+toll%3A+why+counting+the+dead+has+become+a+daily+struggle&rft.date=2023-12-23&rft.aulast=Massoud&rft.aufirst=Bassam&rft.au=Fick%2C+Maggie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Ffight-keep-counting-dead-gaza-2023-12-21%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatar2023" class="citation magazine cs1">Matar, Haggai (7 October 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.972mag.com/gaza-attack-context-israelis/">"Gaza's shock attack has terrified Israelis. It should also unveil the context"</a>. <a href="/wiki/%2B972_Magazine" title="+972 Magazine">+972 Magazine</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231231181619/https://www.972mag.com/gaza-attack-context-israelis/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 December 2023. 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The 2 million people who live there, they are clever assassins. They need to be removed from that land.""</a>. <a href="/wiki/Media_Matters_for_America" title="Media Matters for America">Media Matters for America</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mediamatters.org/charlie-kirk/michelle-bachmann-charlie-kirk-its-time-gaza-ends-2-million-people-who-live-there-they">the original</a> on 19 December 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Media+Matters+for+America&rft.atitle=Michelle+Bachmann+to+Charlie+Kirk%3A+%22It%27s+time+that+Gaza+ends.+The+2+million+people+who+live+there%2C+they+are+clever+assassins.+They+need+to+be+removed+from+that+land.%22&rft.date=2023-12-18&rft.au=Media+Matters+Staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mediamatters.org%2Fcharlie-kirk%2Fmichelle-bachmann-charlie-kirk-its-time-gaza-ends-2-million-people-who-live-there-they&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvan_der_Merwe2024" class="citation news cs1">van der Merwe, Ben (4 April 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240424190142/https://news.sky.com/story/israel-hamas-war-health-system-collapse-in-gaza-leaves-authorities-struggling-to-count-the-dead-13107279">"Israel-Hamas war: Gaza's morgue network has effectively collapsed – how are they recording their dead?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sky_News" title="Sky News">Sky News</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.sky.com/story/israel-hamas-war-health-system-collapse-in-gaza-leaves-authorities-struggling-to-count-the-dead-13107279">the original</a> on 24 April 2024. Retrieved 26 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sky+News&rft.atitle=Israel-Hamas+war%3A+Gaza%27s+morgue+network+has+effectively+collapsed+%E2%80%93+how+are+they+recording+their+dead%3F&rft.date=2024-04-04&rft.aulast=van+der+Merwe&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.sky.com%2Fstory%2Fisrael-hamas-war-health-system-collapse-in-gaza-leaves-authorities-struggling-to-count-the-dead-13107279&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMerzouguiRashed2024" class="citation news cs1">Merzougui, Natalie; Rashed, Maria (26 August 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240929203250/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cze5w2wd4x0o">"Has Israel taken enough action to prevent alleged incitement to genocide?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cze5w2wd4x0o">the original</a> on 29 September 2024. Retrieved 30 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Has+Israel+taken+enough+action+to+prevent+alleged+incitement+to+genocide%3F&rft.date=2024-08-26&rft.aulast=Merzougui&rft.aufirst=Natalie&rft.au=Rashed%2C+Maria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Farticles%2Fcze5w2wd4x0o&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiddle_East_Monitor2025" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20250209111607/https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20250203-un-rapporteur-says-killing-palestinian-women-an-israeli-tool-for-genocide-in-gaza/">"UN Rapporteur says killing Palestinian women an Israeli 'tool for genocide' in Gaza"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Monitor" title="Middle East Monitor">Middle East Monitor</a>. 3 February 2025. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20250203-un-rapporteur-says-killing-palestinian-women-an-israeli-tool-for-genocide-in-gaza/">the original</a> on 9 February 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Monitor&rft.atitle=UN+Rapporteur+says+killing+Palestinian+women+an+Israeli+%27tool+for+genocide%27+in+Gaza&rft.date=2025-02-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeastmonitor.com%2F20250203-un-rapporteur-says-killing-palestinian-women-an-israeli-tool-for-genocide-in-gaza%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiddle_East_Studies_Association2024" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240314081322/https://mesana.org/advocacy/letters-from-the-board/2024/03/11/mesa-board-joint-statement-with-caf-regarding-the-ongoing-genocidal-violence-against-the-palestinian-people-and-their-cultural-heritage-in-gaza">"MESA Board Joint Statement with CAF regarding the ongoing genocidal violence against the Palestinian people and their cultural heritage in Gaza"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Studies_Association" title="Middle East Studies Association">Middle East Studies Association</a>. 11 March 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mesana.org/advocacy/letters-from-the-board/2024/03/11/mesa-board-joint-statement-with-caf-regarding-the-ongoing-genocidal-violence-against-the-palestinian-people-and-their-cultural-heritage-in-gaza">the original</a> on 14 March 2024. Retrieved 14 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MESA+Board+Joint+Statement+with+CAF+regarding+the+ongoing+genocidal+violence+against+the+Palestinian+people+and+their+cultural+heritage+in+Gaza&rft.pub=Middle+East+Studies+Association&rft.date=2024-03-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmesana.org%2Fadvocacy%2Fletters-from-the-board%2F2024%2F03%2F11%2Fmesa-board-joint-statement-with-caf-regarding-the-ongoing-genocidal-violence-against-the-palestinian-people-and-their-cultural-heritage-in-gaza&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCuban_Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs2024" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111181941/http://cubaminrex.cu/es/cuba-apoya-la-demanda-de-sudafrica-ante-la-corte-internacional-de-justicia-contra-el-genocidio-de">"Cuba apoya la demanda de Sudáfrica ante la Corte Internacional de Justicia contra el genocidio de Israel en Palestina"</a> [Cuba supports South Africa's lawsuit before the International Court of Justice against Israel's genocide in Palestine] (in Spanish). <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Cuba)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Cuba)">Cuba Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a>. 11 January 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cubaminrex.cu/es/cuba-apoya-la-demanda-de-sudafrica-ante-la-corte-internacional-de-justicia-contra-el-genocidio-de">the original</a> on 11 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cuba+apoya+la+demanda+de+Sud%C3%A1frica+ante+la+Corte+Internacional+de+Justicia+contra+el+genocidio+de+Israel+en+Palestina&rft.pub=Cuba+Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs&rft.date=2024-01-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcubaminrex.cu%2Fes%2Fcuba-apoya-la-demanda-de-sudafrica-ante-la-corte-internacional-de-justicia-contra-el-genocidio-de&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSomalian_Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs2024" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240712211940/https://web.mfa.gov.so/somalia-applauds-icj-decision-urges-swift-action-to-halt-gaza-genocide-by-israel/">"Somalia Applauds ICJ Decision, Urges Swift Action to Halt Gaza Genocide by Israel"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Somalia)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Somalia)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation</a>. 30 January 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.mfa.gov.so/somalia-applauds-icj-decision-urges-swift-action-to-halt-gaza-genocide-by-israel/">the original</a> on 12 July 2024. 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Retrieved 12 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=Blinken+calls+genocide+case+against+Israel+%27meritless%27&rft.date=2024-01-09&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.aufirst=Ellen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fpolicy%2Finternational%2F4398781-israel-gaza-blinken-genocide-case-meritless%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMitrovica2023" class="citation news cs1">Mitrovica, Andrew (20 November 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231216224755/https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2023/11/20/all-of-them">"Getting away with a call to genocide in Gaza"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2023/11/20/all-of-them">the original</a> on 16 December 2023. Retrieved 3 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Getting+away+with+a+call+to+genocide+in+Gaza&rft.date=2023-11-20&rft.aulast=Mitrovica&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fopinions%2F2023%2F11%2F20%2Fall-of-them&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMitrovica2024" class="citation news cs1">Mitrovica, Andrew (7 April 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240407111911/https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2024/4/7/dont-feed-the-palestinians">"Israel's message: 'Don't feed the Palestinians'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2024/4/7/dont-feed-the-palestinians">the original</a> on 7 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Israel%27s+message%3A+%27Don%27t+feed+the+Palestinians%27&rft.date=2024-04-07&rft.aulast=Mitrovica&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fopinions%2F2024%2F4%2F7%2Fdont-feed-the-palestinians&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoallem2023" class="citation journal cs1">Moallem, Minoo (2023). 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/11/1/israel-hamas-war-live-anger-grows-over-israeli-attack-on-gaza-refugee-camp?update=2455675">the original</a> on 2 November 2023. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/11/15/israel-hamas-war-live-israel-says-it-plans-to-raid-al-shifa-ministry?update=2488711">the original</a> on 16 November 2023. Retrieved 16 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Abbas%3A+Israel%27s+war+on+Gaza+is+%27genocide%27&rft.date=2023-11-15&rft.aulast=Mohamed&rft.aufirst=Edna&rft.au=Najjar%2C+Farah&rft.au=Stepansky%2C+Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2023%2F11%2F15%2Fisrael-hamas-war-live-israel-says-it-plans-to-raid-al-shifa-ministry%3Fupdate%3D2488711&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMohamedSiddiqui2024" class="citation news cs1">Mohamed, Edna; Siddiqui, Usaid (12 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240312142511/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/3/12/israels-war-on-gaza-live-2000-medical-staff-starving-in-north-ministry?update=2767974">"Aid organisations sue Denmark to stop arms sales to Israel"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/3/12/israels-war-on-gaza-live-2000-medical-staff-starving-in-north-ministry?update=2767974">the original</a> on 12 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Aid+organisations+sue+Denmark+to+stop+arms+sales+to+Israel&rft.date=2024-03-12&rft.aulast=Mohamed&rft.aufirst=Edna&rft.au=Siddiqui%2C+Usaid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2024%2F3%2F12%2Fisraels-war-on-gaza-live-2000-medical-staff-starving-in-north-ministry%3Fupdate%3D2767974&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMohyeldin2024" class="citation news cs1">Mohyeldin, Ayman (10 December 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241214011946/https://www.msnbc.com/top-stories/latest/israel-gaza-genocide-netanyahu-rcna183485">"Why Amnesty International and other experts say Israel is committing genocide in Gaza"</a>. <a href="/wiki/MSNBC" title="MSNBC">MSNBC</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msnbc.com/top-stories/latest/israel-gaza-genocide-netanyahu-rcna183485">the original</a> on 14 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MSNBC&rft.atitle=Why+Amnesty+International+and+other+experts+say+Israel+is+committing+genocide+in+Gaza&rft.date=2024-12-10&rft.aulast=Mohyeldin&rft.aufirst=Ayman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.msnbc.com%2Ftop-stories%2Flatest%2Fisrael-gaza-genocide-netanyahu-rcna183485&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMonks2024" class="citation news cs1">Monks, Kieron (6 October 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20241006134926/https://inews.co.uk/news/world/evacuate-die-israel-generals-plan-north-gaza-3310922">"'Evacuate or die': Israel moves towards 'general's plan' for north Gaza"</a>. <a href="/wiki/I_(newspaper)" class="mw-redirect" title="I (newspaper)">iNews</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inews.co.uk/news/world/evacuate-die-israel-generals-plan-north-gaza-3310922">the original</a> on 6 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=iNews&rft.atitle=%27Evacuate+or+die%27%3A+Israel+moves+towards+%27general%27s+plan%27+for+north+Gaza&rft.date=2024-10-06&rft.aulast=Monks&rft.aufirst=Kieron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finews.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fevacuate-die-israel-generals-plan-north-gaza-3310922&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoollaJacub2024" class="citation journal cs1">Moolla, M. S.; Jacub, A. (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://samajournals.co.za/index.php/sajbl/article/view/1961/813">"Healthcare and genocide: BDS as an entry point to health justice"</a>. South African Journal of Bioethics and Law. 2024 (1): e1691. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7196%2Fsajbl.2024.v17i1.1961">10.7196/sajbl.2024.v17i1.1961</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240311002809/https://samajournals.co.za/index.php/sajbl/article/view/1961/813">Archived</a> from the original on 11 March 2024. Retrieved 11 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+African+Journal+of+Bioethics+and+Law&rft.atitle=Healthcare+and+genocide%3A+BDS+as+an+entry+point+to+health+justice&rft.volume=2024&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=e1691&rft.date=2024&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7196%2Fsajbl.2024.v17i1.1961&rft.aulast=Moolla&rft.aufirst=M.+S.&rft.au=Jacub%2C+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsamajournals.co.za%2Findex.php%2Fsajbl%2Farticle%2Fview%2F1961%2F813&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoormanRobinson2023" class="citation web cs1">Moorman, Taijuan; Robinson, KiMi (7 November 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240109001414/https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/celebrities/2023/10/16/israeli-palestinian-conflict-celebrity-reactions/71206600007/">"Celebrities call for ceasefire, decry civilian deaths: Hollywood reacts to Israel-Hamas war"</a>. <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/celebrities/2023/10/16/israeli-palestinian-conflict-celebrity-reactions/71206600007/">the original</a> on 9 January 2024. Retrieved 9 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Celebrities+call+for+ceasefire%2C+decry+civilian+deaths%3A+Hollywood+reacts+to+Israel-Hamas+war&rft.date=2023-11-07&rft.aulast=Moorman&rft.aufirst=Taijuan&rft.au=Robinson%2C+KiMi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fentertainment%2Fcelebrities%2F2023%2F10%2F16%2Fisraeli-palestinian-conflict-celebrity-reactions%2F71206600007%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris2024" class="citation news cs1">Morris, Loveday (6 November 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20241107103230/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2024/11/06/israel-katz-defense-minister-netanyahu/">"Israel Katz, new Israeli defense minister, is longtime Netanyahu ally"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2024/11/06/israel-katz-defense-minister-netanyahu/">the original</a> on 7 November 2024. Retrieved 12 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Israel+Katz%2C+new+Israeli+defense+minister%2C+is+longtime+Netanyahu+ally&rft.date=2024-11-06&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Loveday&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2F2024%2F11%2F06%2Fisrael-katz-defense-minister-netanyahu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris2025" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Benny_Morris" title="Benny Morris">Morris, Benny</a> (30 January 2025). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20250206165037/https://www.haaretz.com/opinion/2025-01-30/ty-article-opinion/.premium/its-either-two-states-or-genocide/00000194-b831-d5a7-ab9d-ffb9b2450000">"Israel is not committing genocide in Gaza. But it may be on the way there"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/opinion/2025-01-30/ty-article-opinion/.premium/its-either-two-states-or-genocide/00000194-b831-d5a7-ab9d-ffb9b2450000">the original</a> on 6 February 2025. Retrieved 9 February 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Israel+is+not+committing+genocide+in+Gaza.+But+it+may+be+on+the+way+there&rft.date=2025-01-30&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Benny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fopinion%2F2025-01-30%2Fty-article-opinion%2F.premium%2Fits-either-two-states-or-genocide%2F00000194-b831-d5a7-ab9d-ffb9b2450000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoses2023a" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/A._Dirk_Moses" title="A. Dirk Moses">Moses, A. Dirk</a> (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110781328-002/html">"Genocide as a Category Mistake: Permanent Security and Mass Violence Against Civilians"</a>. Genocidal Violence: Concepts, Forms, Impact. <a href="/wiki/De_Gruyter" title="De Gruyter">De Gruyter</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9783110781328-002">10.1515/9783110781328-002</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-078132-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11-078132-8"><bdi>978-3-11-078132-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240809060232/https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110781328-002/html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 August 2024. Retrieved 10 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Genocide+as+a+Category+Mistake%3A+Permanent+Security+and+Mass+Violence+Against+Civilians&rft.btitle=Genocidal+Violence%3A+Concepts%2C+Forms%2C+Impact&rft.pub=De+Gruyter&rft.date=2023&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2F9783110781328-002&rft.isbn=978-3-11-078132-8&rft.aulast=Moses&rft.aufirst=A.+Dirk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.degruyter.com%2Fdocument%2Fdoi%2F10.1515%2F9783110781328-002%2Fhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoses2023b" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/A._Dirk_Moses" title="A. Dirk Moses">Moses, A. Dirk</a> (14 November 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bostonreview.net/articles/more-than-genocide/">"More than Genocide"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Boston_Review" title="Boston Review">Boston Review</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240106103911/https://www.bostonreview.net/articles/more-than-genocide">Archived</a> from the original on 6 January 2024. Retrieved 8 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Boston+Review&rft.atitle=More+than+Genocide&rft.date=2023-11-14&rft.aulast=Moses&rft.aufirst=A.+Dirk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bostonreview.net%2Farticles%2Fmore-than-genocide%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMotamediSiddiqui2024a" class="citation news cs1">Motamedi, Maziar; Siddiqui, Usaid (11 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240314081634/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/3/11/israels-war-on-gaza-live-ramadan-begins-with-no-end-to-israels-siege?update=2765847">"At least 21 Palestinian children have starved to death in Gaza"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/3/11/israels-war-on-gaza-live-ramadan-begins-with-no-end-to-israels-siege?update=2765847">the original</a> on 14 March 2024. Retrieved 14 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=At+least+21+Palestinian+children+have+starved+to+death+in+Gaza&rft.date=2024-03-11&rft.aulast=Motamedi&rft.aufirst=Maziar&rft.au=Siddiqui%2C+Usaid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2024%2F3%2F11%2Fisraels-war-on-gaza-live-ramadan-begins-with-no-end-to-israels-siege%3Fupdate%3D2765847&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMotamediSiddiqui2024b" class="citation news cs1">Motamedi, Maziar; Siddiqui, Usaid (11 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240312000648/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/3/11/israels-war-on-gaza-live-ramadan-begins-with-no-end-to-israels-siege?update=2766040">"Middle East Studies Association denounces Israel's 'cultural genocide' in Gaza"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/3/11/israels-war-on-gaza-live-ramadan-begins-with-no-end-to-israels-siege?update=2766040">the original</a> on 12 March 2024. Retrieved 14 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Middle+East+Studies+Association+denounces+Israel%27s+%27cultural+genocide%27+in+Gaza&rft.date=2024-03-11&rft.aulast=Motamedi&rft.aufirst=Maziar&rft.au=Siddiqui%2C+Usaid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2024%2F3%2F11%2Fisraels-war-on-gaza-live-ramadan-begins-with-no-end-to-israels-siege%3Fupdate%3D2766040&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoutafa2023" class="citation news cs1">Moutafa, Laila Hussein (12 December 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240808195337/https://www.latimes.com/opinion/story/2023-12-12/gaza-library-bombing">"Opinion: When libraries like Gaza's are destroyed, what's lost is far more than books"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/opinion/story/2023-12-12/gaza-library-bombing">the original</a> on 8 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Opinion%3A+When+libraries+like+Gaza%27s+are+destroyed%2C+what%27s+lost+is+far+more+than+books&rft.date=2023-12-12&rft.aulast=Moutafa&rft.aufirst=Laila+Hussein&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fopinion%2Fstory%2F2023-12-12%2Fgaza-library-bombing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMraffko2024" class="citation news cs1">Mraffko, Clothilde (9 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241126034617/https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2024/03/09/gaza-new-accounts-of-the-flour-massacre_6601904_4.html">"Gaza: New accounts of the 'flour massacre'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Le_Monde" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2024/03/09/gaza-new-accounts-of-the-flour-massacre_6601904_4.html">the original</a> on 26 November 2024. Retrieved 12 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=Gaza%3A+New+accounts+of+the+%27flour+massacre%27&rft.date=2024-03-09&rft.aulast=Mraffko&rft.aufirst=Clothilde&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fen%2Finternational%2Farticle%2F2024%2F03%2F09%2Fgaza-new-accounts-of-the-flour-massacre_6601904_4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNajjarStepansky2023" class="citation news cs1">Najjar, Farah; Stepansky, Joseph (2 November 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231103014353/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/11/2/israel-hamas-war-live-195-killed-120-missing-in-jabalia-strikes?update=2457805">"'Palestinian people are at grave risk of genocide': UN experts"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/11/2/israel-hamas-war-live-195-killed-120-missing-in-jabalia-strikes?update=2457805">the original</a> on 3 November 2023. 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March 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2024/03/un-experts-condemn-flour-massacre-urge-israel-end-campaign-starvation-gaza">the original</a> on 13 March 2024. Retrieved 12 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Office+of+the+United+Nations+High+Commissioner+for+Human+Rights&rft.atitle=UN+experts+condemn+%27flour+massacre%27%2C+urge+Israel+to+end+campaign+of+starvation+in+Gaza&rft.date=2024-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohchr.org%2Fen%2Fpress-releases%2F2024%2F03%2Fun-experts-condemn-flour-massacre-urge-israel-end-campaign-starvation-gaza&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOHCHR2024b" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2024/04/un-experts-deeply-concerned-over-scholasticide-gaza">"UN experts deeply concerned over 'scholasticide' in Gaza"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Human_Rights" title="Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights">Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>. 18 April 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240418145510/https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2024/04/un-experts-deeply-concerned-over-scholasticide-gaza">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Office+of+the+United+Nations+High+Commissioner+for+Human+Rights&rft.atitle=UN+experts+deeply+concerned+over+%27scholasticide%27+in+Gaza&rft.date=2024-04-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohchr.org%2Fen%2Fpress-releases%2F2024%2F04%2Fun-experts-deeply-concerned-over-scholasticide-gaza&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOHCHR2024c" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241211143127/https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/thematic-reports/a79363-report-special-committee-investigate-israeli-practices-affecting">"A/79/363: Report of the Special Committee to Investigate Israeli Practices Affecting the Human Rights of the Palestinian People and Other Arabs of the Occupied Territories"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Human_Rights" title="Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights">Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights</a>. 20 September 2024. 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Retrieved 10 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UN+Commission+finds+war+crimes+and+crimes+against+humanity+in+Israeli+attacks+on+Gaza+health+facilities+and+treatment+of+detainees%2C+hostages&rft.date=2024-10-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohchr.org%2Fen%2Fpress-releases%2F2024%2F10%2Fun-commission-finds-war-crimes-and-crimes-against-humanity-israeli-attacks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOHCHR2024e" class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241119145558/https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/countries/opt/20241106-Gaza-Update-Report-OPT.pdf">Six-month update report on the human rights situation in Gaza: 1 November 2023 to 30 April 2024</a> (PDF) (Report). <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Human_Rights" title="Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights">Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights</a>. 8 November 2024. 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Retrieved 2 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TIME&rft.atitle=Over+800+Western+Officials+Denounce+Pro-Israel+Policies&rft.date=2024-02-02&rft.aulast=Popli&rft.aufirst=Nik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F6632322%2Fwestern-officials-criticize-israel-policies%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPorras2023" class="citation news cs1">Porras, Simón Rodríguez (25 October 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240117190839/https://www.newarab.com/opinion/why-western-powers-accept-israels-genocide-gaza">"Aimé Césaire reminds us why Western powers accept the genocide committed in Gaza"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_Arab" title="The New Arab">The New Arab</a>. 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Retrieved 12 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Gaza+medics+say+Israel+targeting+ambulances%2C+health+facilities&rft.date=2023-10-12&rft.aulast=Riash&rft.aufirst=Abed+Abu&rft.au=Marsi%2C+Federica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F10%2F12%2Fwar-crime-gaza-medics-say-israel-targeting-ambulances-health-facilities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRifai2024" class="citation web cs1">Rifai, Sulaiman Lebbe (24 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssrn.com/abstract=4704652">"The Genocide in Gaza and the Contempt of International Law: Some Reflections"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2139%2Fssrn.4704652">10.2139/ssrn.4704652</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:267982579">267982579</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240322013414/https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4704652">Archived</a> from the original on 22 March 2024. Retrieved 4 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Genocide+in+Gaza+and+the+Contempt+of+International+Law%3A+Some+Reflections&rft.date=2024-01-24&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2139%2Fssrn.4704652&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A267982579%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Rifai&rft.aufirst=Sulaiman+Lebbe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fssrn.com%2Fabstract%3D4704652&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoelfSterling2023" class="citation news cs1">Roelf, Wendell; Sterling, Toby (29 December 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231231123102/https://www.reuters.com/world/south-africa-seeks-international-court-justice-genocide-order-against-israel-2023-12-29/">"South Africa files genocide case against Israel at World Court"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/south-africa-seeks-international-court-justice-genocide-order-against-israel-2023-12-29/">the original</a> on 31 December 2023. Retrieved 29 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=South+Africa+files+genocide+case+against+Israel+at+World+Court&rft.date=2023-12-29&rft.aulast=Roelf&rft.aufirst=Wendell&rft.au=Sterling%2C+Toby&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fsouth-africa-seeks-international-court-justice-genocide-order-against-israel-2023-12-29%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRomo2023" class="citation news cs1">Romo, Vanessa (16 November 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240227182523/https://www.npr.org/2023/11/16/1213307710/gaza-doctors-al-shifa-hospital">"Doctors are among the many dead in Gaza. These are their stories"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2023/11/16/1213307710/gaza-doctors-al-shifa-hospital#:~:text=Hourly%20News-,In%20Gaza%2C%20doctors%20are%20among%20the%20many%20dead.,the%20lives%20that%20were%20lost.">the original</a> on 27 February 2024. Retrieved 18 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=Doctors+are+among+the+many+dead+in+Gaza.+These+are+their+stories&rft.date=2023-11-16&rft.aulast=Romo&rft.aufirst=Vanessa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2023%2F11%2F16%2F1213307710%2Fgaza-doctors-al-shifa-hospital%23%3A~%3Atext%3DHourly%2520News-%2CIn%2520Gaza%252C%2520doctors%2520are%2520among%2520the%2520many%2520dead.%2Cthe%2520lives%2520that%2520were%2520lost.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosenbaum2024" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Eli_Rosenbaum" title="Eli Rosenbaum">Rosenbaum, Eli M.</a> (11 August 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20240812191410/https://www.nydailynews.com/2024/08/11/the-big-lie-of-genocide-gaza-seven-experts-on-nazi-genocide-expose-the-canard-of-israeli-crimes/">"The big lie of genocide & Gaza: Seven experts on Nazi genocide expose the canard of Israeli 'crimes'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_Daily_News" title="New York Daily News">New York Daily News</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nydailynews.com/2024/08/11/the-big-lie-of-genocide-gaza-seven-experts-on-nazi-genocide-expose-the-canard-of-israeli-crimes/">the original</a> on 12 August 2024. Retrieved 10 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Daily+News&rft.atitle=The+big+lie+of+genocide+%26+Gaza%3A+Seven+experts+on+Nazi+genocide+expose+the+canard+of+Israeli+%27crimes%27&rft.date=2024-08-11&rft.aulast=Rosenbaum&rft.aufirst=Eli+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nydailynews.com%2F2024%2F08%2F11%2Fthe-big-lie-of-genocide-gaza-seven-experts-on-nazi-genocide-expose-the-canard-of-israeli-crimes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosenberg2024" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Yair_Rosenberg" title="Yair Rosenberg">Rosenberg, Yair</a> (21 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240205221304/https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2024/01/israel-south-africa-genocide-case-fake-quotes/677198/">"What Did Top Israel War Officials Really Say About Gaza?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2024/01/israel-south-africa-genocide-case-fake-quotes/677198/">the original</a> on 5 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=What+Did+Top+Israel+War+Officials+Really+Say+About+Gaza%3F&rft.date=2024-01-21&rft.aulast=Rosenberg&rft.aufirst=Yair&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Finternational%2Farchive%2F2024%2F01%2Fisrael-south-africa-genocide-case-fake-quotes%2F677198%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosensaft2024" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Rosensaft, Menachem Z. (9 August 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240814073551/https://www.juedische-allgemeine.de/meinung/bezalel-smotrich-fordert-einen-voelkermord-er-muss-endlich-in-die-schranken-verwiesen-werden/">"Bezalel Smotrich muss endlich in die Schranken verwiesen werden"</a> [Bezalel Smotrich must finally be put in his place]. <a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%BCdische_Allgemeine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jüdische Allgemeine (page does not exist)">Jüdische Allgemeine</a> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%BCdische_Allgemeine" class="extiw" title="de:Jüdische Allgemeine">de</a>] (in German). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.juedische-allgemeine.de/meinung/bezalel-smotrich-fordert-einen-voelkermord-er-muss-endlich-in-die-schranken-verwiesen-werden/">the original</a> on 14 August 2024. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://truthout.org/articles/how-corporate-media-helped-lay-the-groundwork-for-israels-genocide-in-gaza/">the original</a> on 25 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Truthout&rft.atitle=How+Corporate+Media+Helped+Lay+the+Groundwork+for+Israel%27s+Genocide+in+Gaza&rft.date=2023-12-02&rft.aulast=Roth&rft.aufirst=Andy+Lee&rft.au=Huff%2C+Mickey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftruthout.org%2Farticles%2Fhow-corporate-media-helped-lay-the-groundwork-for-israels-genocide-in-gaza%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRothwell2024" class="citation web cs1">Rothwell, Donald (5 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240305092042/https://theconversation.com/why-have-anthony-albanese-and-other-politicians-been-referred-to-the-icc-over-the-gaza-war-225079">"Why have Anthony Albanese and other politicians been referred to the ICC over the Gaza war?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Conversation_(website)" title="The Conversation (website)">The Conversation</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theconversation.com/why-have-anthony-albanese-and-other-politicians-been-referred-to-the-icc-over-the-gaza-war-225079">the original</a> on 5 March 2024. Retrieved 5 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Conversation&rft.atitle=Why+have+Anthony+Albanese+and+other+politicians+been+referred+to+the+ICC+over+the+Gaza+war%3F&rft.date=2024-03-05&rft.aulast=Rothwell&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Fwhy-have-anthony-albanese-and-other-politicians-been-referred-to-the-icc-over-the-gaza-war-225079&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRowlandsRasheedAdlerKhalid2024" class="citation news cs1">Rowlands, Lyndal; Rasheed, Zaheena; Adler, Nils; Khalid, Saif; Gadzo, Mersiha (12 May 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20240520104545/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/5/12/israels-war-on-gaza-live-major-rafah-attack-feared-after-evacuation-order?update=2895996">"What is happening in Gaza is a 'turkey shoot': UN special rapporteur"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/5/12/israels-war-on-gaza-live-major-rafah-attack-feared-after-evacuation-order?update=2895996">the original</a> on 20 May 2024. Retrieved 18 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=What+is+happening+in+Gaza+is+a+%27turkey+shoot%27%3A+UN+special+rapporteur&rft.date=2024-05-12&rft.aulast=Rowlands&rft.aufirst=Lyndal&rft.au=Rasheed%2C+Zaheena&rft.au=Adler%2C+Nils&rft.au=Khalid%2C+Saif&rft.au=Gadzo%2C+Mersiha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2024%2F5%2F12%2Fisraels-war-on-gaza-live-major-rafah-attack-feared-after-evacuation-order%3Fupdate%3D2895996&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRTVE2024" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240906021902/https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20240528/diaz-celebra-dia-historico-pero-pide-embargo-armas-a-israel-reconocimiento-palestina-no-suficiente/16122401.shtml">"Díaz celebra un "día histórico" pero pide el embargo de armas a Israel: "El reconocimiento de Palestina no es suficiente""</a> [Diaz celebrates a "historic day" but calls for an arms embargo on Israel: "Recognition of Palestine is not enough"]. <a href="/wiki/RTVE" title="RTVE">RTVE</a> (in Spanish). 28 May 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20240528/diaz-celebra-dia-historico-pero-pide-embargo-armas-a-israel-reconocimiento-palestina-no-suficiente/16122401.shtml">the original</a> on 6 September 2024. Retrieved 12 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RTVE&rft.atitle=D%C3%ADaz+celebra+un+%22d%C3%ADa+hist%C3%B3rico%22+pero+pide+el+embargo+de+armas+a+Israel%3A+%22El+reconocimiento+de+Palestina+no+es+suficiente%22&rft.date=2024-05-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rtve.es%2Fnoticias%2F20240528%2Fdiaz-celebra-dia-historico-pero-pide-embargo-armas-a-israel-reconocimiento-palestina-no-suficiente%2F16122401.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRueda2023" class="citation news cs1">Rueda, Manuel (17 October 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/colombia-israel-petro-suspend-defense-exports-a92effbb531ea4631d25a8c1d32ede28">"Israel suspends military exports to Colombia over its president's criticism of Gaza siege"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231022012058/https://apnews.com/article/colombia-israel-petro-suspend-defense-exports-a92effbb531ea4631d25a8c1d32ede28">Archived</a> from the original on 22 October 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Israel+suspends+military+exports+to+Colombia+over+its+president%27s+criticism+of+Gaza+siege&rft.date=2023-10-17&rft.aulast=Rueda&rft.aufirst=Manuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fcolombia-israel-petro-suspend-defense-exports-a92effbb531ea4631d25a8c1d32ede28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuhr-Universität_Bochum2024" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240916112520/https://news.rub.de/english/2024-07-04-interview-term-genocide-has-become-burden-lawyers">""The Term 'Genocide' Has Become a Burden for Lawyers""</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ruhr-Universit%C3%A4t_Bochum" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruhr-Universität Bochum">Ruhr-Universität Bochum</a>. 4 July 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.rub.de/english/2024-07-04-interview-term-genocide-has-become-burden-lawyers">the original</a> on 16 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22The+Term+%27Genocide%27+Has+Become+a+Burden+for+Lawyers%22&rft.pub=Ruhr-Universit%C3%A4t+Bochum&rft.date=2024-07-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.rub.de%2Fenglish%2F2024-07-04-interview-term-genocide-has-become-burden-lawyers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRust2024" class="citation news cs1">Rust, Jasko (24 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240204165143/https://www.dw.com/en/namibia-germany-unable-to-draw-lessons-from-its-horrific-history/a-68065159">"Namibia: Germany 'unable to draw lessons from history'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/namibia-germany-unable-to-draw-lessons-from-its-horrific-history/a-68065159">the original</a> on 4 February 2024. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2024/1/10/threatened-with-rape-lama-khater-recalls-horrors-while-in-israeli-jails">the original</a> on 27 January 2024. Retrieved 2 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=%27Threatened+with+rape%27%3A+Lama+Khater+recalls+horrors+while+in+Israeli+jails&rft.date=2024-01-10&rft.aulast=Shawer&rft.aufirst=Mosab&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Ffeatures%2F2024%2F1%2F10%2Fthreatened-with-rape-lama-khater-recalls-horrors-while-in-israeli-jails&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSherlock2024" class="citation news cs1">Sherlock, Cillian (7 November 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241204122154/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/micheal-martin-ireland-irish-south-africa-gaza-b2643121.html">"Irish parliament passes motion that Israel is 'perpetrating genocide in Gaza'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/micheal-martin-ireland-irish-south-africa-gaza-b2643121.html">the original</a> on 4 December 2024. Retrieved 17 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Irish+parliament+passes+motion+that+Israel+is+%27perpetrating+genocide+in+Gaza%27&rft.date=2024-11-07&rft.aulast=Sherlock&rft.aufirst=Cillian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fmicheal-martin-ireland-irish-south-africa-gaza-b2643121.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShmilovitz2023" class="citation news cs1">Shmilovitz, Tzippy (18 December 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231221195325/https://www.ynetnews.com/magazine/article/rjwja2hlt">"How John Kirby became one of Israel's leading spokespeople"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ynet_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Ynet News">Ynet News</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ynetnews.com/magazine/article/rjwja2hlt">the original</a> on 21 December 2023. Retrieved 21 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ynet+News&rft.atitle=How+John+Kirby+became+one+of+Israel%27s+leading+spokespeople&rft.date=2023-12-18&rft.aulast=Shmilovitz&rft.aufirst=Tzippy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2Frjwja2hlt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShotterRalph2024" class="citation news cs1">Shotter, James; Ralph, Oliver (21 November 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20241121233145/https://www.ft.com/content/0b62f17a-97db-4817-90f8-f98adead79f0">"ICC issues arrest warrant for Israeli PM Benjamin Netanyahu"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/0b62f17a-97db-4817-90f8-f98adead79f0">the original</a> on 21 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=ICC+issues+arrest+warrant+for+Israeli+PM+Benjamin+Netanyahu&rft.date=2024-11-21&rft.aulast=Shotter&rft.aufirst=James&rft.au=Ralph%2C+Oliver&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F0b62f17a-97db-4817-90f8-f98adead79f0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShpigel2024" class="citation news cs1">Shpigel, Noa (30 April 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20240502152226/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2024-04-30/ty-article/.premium/smotrich-calls-for-no-half-measures-in-the-total-annihilation-of-gaza/0000018f-2f4c-d9c3-abcf-7f7d25460000">"Israel's Far-right Minister Smotrich Calls for 'No Half Measures' in the 'Total Annihilation' of Gaza"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2024-04-30/ty-article/.premium/smotrich-calls-for-no-half-measures-in-the-total-annihilation-of-gaza/0000018f-2f4c-d9c3-abcf-7f7d25460000">the original</a> on 2 May 2024. Retrieved 1 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Israel%27s+Far-right+Minister+Smotrich+Calls+for+%27No+Half+Measures%27+in+the+%27Total+Annihilation%27+of+Gaza&rft.date=2024-04-30&rft.aulast=Shpigel&rft.aufirst=Noa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fisrael-news%2F2024-04-30%2Fty-article%2F.premium%2Fsmotrich-calls-for-no-half-measures-in-the-total-annihilation-of-gaza%2F0000018f-2f4c-d9c3-abcf-7f7d25460000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShpigel2025" class="citation news cs1">Shpigel, Noa (3 January 2025). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20250106042124/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2025-01-03/ty-article/.premium/israeli-lawmakers-call-on-military-to-destroy-food-water-and-power-sources-in-gaza/00000194-2884-d9c2-a79e-2bc47b360000">"Israeli Lawmakers Call on Military to Destroy Food, Water and Power Sources in Gaza"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2025-01-03/ty-article/.premium/israeli-lawmakers-call-on-military-to-destroy-food-water-and-power-sources-in-gaza/00000194-2884-d9c2-a79e-2bc47b360000">the original</a> on 6 January 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Israeli+Lawmakers+Call+on+Military+to+Destroy+Food%2C+Water+and+Power+Sources+in+Gaza&rft.date=2025-01-03&rft.aulast=Shpigel&rft.aufirst=Noa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fisrael-news%2F2025-01-03%2Fty-article%2F.premium%2Fisraeli-lawmakers-call-on-military-to-destroy-food-water-and-power-sources-in-gaza%2F00000194-2884-d9c2-a79e-2bc47b360000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiddiquiPietromarchiQuillen2023" class="citation news cs1">Siddiqui, Usaid; Pietromarchi, Virginia; Quillen, Stephen (10 December 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240226131329/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/12/10/israel-hamas-war-live-no-safe-place-in-gaza-as-severe-hunger-spreads">"Israel-Hamas war updates: Fierce battles rage in southern and northern Gaza"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/12/10/israel-hamas-war-live-no-safe-place-in-gaza-as-severe-hunger-spreads">the original</a> on 26 February 2024. Retrieved 13 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Israel-Hamas+war+updates%3A+Fierce+battles+rage+in+southern+and+northern+Gaza&rft.date=2023-12-10&rft.aulast=Siddiqui&rft.aufirst=Usaid&rft.au=Pietromarchi%2C+Virginia&rft.au=Quillen%2C+Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2023%2F12%2F10%2Fisrael-hamas-war-live-no-safe-place-in-gaza-as-severe-hunger-spreads&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiddiqui2024a" class="citation news cs1">Siddiqui, Usaid (14 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240317033220/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/3/14/israels-war-on-gaza-live-rafah-attack-coming-soon-despite-pressure?update=2771276">"'Very survival of Gaza's population at stake', Borrell tells Blinken"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/3/14/israels-war-on-gaza-live-rafah-attack-coming-soon-despite-pressure?update=2771276">the original</a> on 17 March 2024. Retrieved 17 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=%27Very+survival+of+Gaza%27s+population+at+stake%27%2C+Borrell+tells+Blinken&rft.date=2024-03-14&rft.aulast=Siddiqui&rft.aufirst=Usaid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2024%2F3%2F14%2Fisraels-war-on-gaza-live-rafah-attack-coming-soon-despite-pressure%3Fupdate%3D2771276&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiddiqui2024b" class="citation news cs1">Siddiqui, Usaid (4 May 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240519201259/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/5/4/israels-war-on-gaza-live-talks-in-egypt-set-to-steer-wars-direction?update=2879407">"Israel has a 'deliberate plan to kill children and women': UN official"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/5/4/israels-war-on-gaza-live-talks-in-egypt-set-to-steer-wars-direction?update=2879407">the original</a> on 19 May 2024. Retrieved 9 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Israel+has+a+%27deliberate+plan+to+kill+children+and+women%27%3A+UN+official&rft.date=2024-05-04&rft.aulast=Siddiqui&rft.aufirst=Usaid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2024%2F5%2F4%2Fisraels-war-on-gaza-live-talks-in-egypt-set-to-steer-wars-direction%3Fupdate%3D2879407&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiddiquiStepansky2024" class="citation news cs1">Siddiqui, Usaid; Stepansky, Joseph (6 June 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240615221246/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/6/6/israels-war-on-gaza-live-relentless-israeli-strikes-kill-102-palestinians?update=2956357">"Rules-based international order established after World War II 'falling apart'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/6/6/israels-war-on-gaza-live-relentless-israeli-strikes-kill-102-palestinians?update=2956357">the original</a> on 15 June 2024. Retrieved 15 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Rules-based+international+order+established+after+World+War+II+%27falling+apart%27&rft.date=2024-06-06&rft.aulast=Siddiqui&rft.aufirst=Usaid&rft.au=Stepansky%2C+Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fliveblog%2F2024%2F6%2F6%2Fisraels-war-on-gaza-live-relentless-israeli-strikes-kill-102-palestinians%3Fupdate%3D2956357&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiddique2024" class="citation news cs1">Siddique, Haroon (19 July 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/jul/19/israels-settlement-policies-break-international-law-court-finds">"UN court orders Israel to end its occupation of Palestinian territories"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240722174228/https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/jul/19/israels-settlement-policies-break-international-law-court-finds">Archived</a> from the original on 22 July 2024. Retrieved 25 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=UN+court+orders+Israel+to+end+its+occupation+of+Palestinian+territories&rft.date=2024-07-19&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Siddique&rft.aufirst=Haroon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2Farticle%2F2024%2Fjul%2F19%2Fisraels-settlement-policies-break-international-law-court-finds&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimonPeralta2024" class="citation news cs1">Simon, Scott; Peralta, Eyder (27 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240128232512/https://www.npr.org/2024/01/27/1227397107/icj-finds-genocide-case-against-israel-plausible-orders-it-to-stop-violations">"ICJ finds genocide case against Israel 'plausible', orders it to stop violations"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2024/01/27/1227397107/icj-finds-genocide-case-against-israel-plausible-orders-it-to-stop-violations#:~:text=Live%20Sessions-,ICJ%20finds%20genocide%20case%20against%20Israel%20%27plausible%27%2C%20orders%20it,Africa%20has%20brought%20against%20Israel.">the original</a> on 28 January 2024. Retrieved 28 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=ICJ+finds+genocide+case+against+Israel+%27plausible%27%2C+orders+it+to+stop+violations&rft.date=2024-01-27&rft.aulast=Simon&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft.au=Peralta%2C+Eyder&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2024%2F01%2F27%2F1227397107%2Ficj-finds-genocide-case-against-israel-plausible-orders-it-to-stop-violations%23%3A~%3Atext%3DLive%2520Sessions-%2CICJ%2520finds%2520genocide%2520case%2520against%2520Israel%2520%2527plausible%2527%252C%2520orders%2520it%2CAfrica%2520has%2520brought%2520against%2520Israel.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimons2024" class="citation news cs1">Simons, Jake Wallis (27 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20240128112605/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2024/01/27/the-icj-has-been-captured-by-anti-semitic-propaganda/">"The ICJ has been captured by anti-Semitic propaganda"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2024/01/27/the-icj-has-been-captured-by-anti-semitic-propaganda/">the original</a> on 28 January 2024. Retrieved 13 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=The+ICJ+has+been+captured+by+anti-Semitic+propaganda&rft.date=2024-01-27&rft.aulast=Simons&rft.aufirst=Jake+Wallis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2F2024%2F01%2F27%2Fthe-icj-has-been-captured-by-anti-semitic-propaganda%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2023" class="citation news cs1">Singh, Namita (10 December 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240119132024/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/israel-gaza-war-palestinians-starving-un-wfp-b2461488.html">"UN says half of Gaza's population is now starving"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/israel-gaza-war-palestinians-starving-un-wfp-b2461488.html">the original</a> on 19 January 2024. Retrieved 13 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=UN+says+half+of+Gaza%27s+population+is+now+starving&rft.date=2023-12-10&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Namita&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fisrael-gaza-war-palestinians-starving-un-wfp-b2461488.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSirleaf2024" class="citation journal cs1">Sirleaf, Matiangai V. S. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/12/us/palestinians-reaction-israel-hamas.html">the original</a> on 12 November 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Palestinian+Americans%2C+Dismayed+by+Violence%2C+Say+Historical+Context+Is+Being+Overlooked&rft.date=2023-10-12&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Mitch&rft.au=McCarthy%2C+Lauren&rft.au=Londo%C3%B1o%2C+Ernesto&rft.au=Jordan%2C+Miriam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2023%2F10%2F12%2Fus%2Fpalestinians-reaction-israel-hamas.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSoni2023" class="citation journal cs1">Soni, S. (December 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7196%2FSAJBL.2023.v16i3.1764">"Gaza and international law: The global obligation to protect life and health"</a>. South African Journal of Bioethics and Law. 16 (3): 80–81. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7196%2FSAJBL.2023.v16i3.1764">10.7196/SAJBL.2023.v16i3.1764</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+African+Journal+of+Bioethics+and+Law&rft.atitle=Gaza+and+international+law%3A+The+global+obligation+to+protect+life+and+health&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E80-%3C%2Fspan%3E81&rft.date=2023-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7196%2FSAJBL.2023.v16i3.1764&rft.aulast=Soni&rft.aufirst=S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.7196%252FSAJBL.2023.v16i3.1764&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpagat2024a" class="citation web cs1">Spagat, Mike (28 May 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240710190121/https://aoav.org.uk/2024/gaza-ministry-of-health-releases-detailed-new-casualty-amidst-confusion-of-uns-death-numbers-in-gaza/">"Gaza Ministry of Health releases detailed new casualty data amidst confusion of UN's death numbers in Gaza"</a>. Action On Armed Violence. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aoav.org.uk/2024/gaza-ministry-of-health-releases-detailed-new-casualty-amidst-confusion-of-uns-death-numbers-in-gaza/">the original</a> on 10 July 2024. Retrieved 10 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Action+On+Armed+Violence&rft.atitle=Gaza+Ministry+of+Health+releases+detailed+new+casualty+data+amidst+confusion+of+UN%27s+death+numbers+in+Gaza&rft.date=2024-05-28&rft.aulast=Spagat&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faoav.org.uk%2F2024%2Fgaza-ministry-of-health-releases-detailed-new-casualty-amidst-confusion-of-uns-death-numbers-in-gaza%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpagat2024b" class="citation web cs1">Spagat, Mike (10 July 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240710190128/https://aoav.org.uk/2024/a-critical-analysis-of-the-lancets-letter-counting-the-dead-in-gaza-difficult-but-essential-professor-mike-spagat-reviews-the-claim-the-total-gaza-death-toll-may-reach-upwards-of-186000/">"A critical analysis of The Lancet's letter "Counting the Dead in Gaza: Difficult but Essential". Professor Mike Spagat reviews the claim the total Gaza death toll may reach upwards of 186,000"</a>. Action On Armed Violence. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aoav.org.uk/2024/a-critical-analysis-of-the-lancets-letter-counting-the-dead-in-gaza-difficult-but-essential-professor-mike-spagat-reviews-the-claim-the-total-gaza-death-toll-may-reach-upwards-of-186000/">the original</a> on 10 July 2024. Retrieved 10 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Action+On+Armed+Violence&rft.atitle=A+critical+analysis+of+The+Lancet%27s+letter+%22Counting+the+Dead+in+Gaza%3A+Difficult+but+Essential%22.+Professor+Mike+Spagat+reviews+the+claim+the+total+Gaza+death+toll+may+reach+upwards+of+186%2C000&rft.date=2024-07-10&rft.aulast=Spagat&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faoav.org.uk%2F2024%2Fa-critical-analysis-of-the-lancets-letter-counting-the-dead-in-gaza-difficult-but-essential-professor-mike-spagat-reviews-the-claim-the-total-gaza-death-toll-may-reach-upwards-of-186000%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSperi2024" class="citation news cs1">Speri, Alice (20 December 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241221004249/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/dec/20/genocide-definition-mass-violence-scholars-gaza">"Defining genocide: how a rift over Gaza sparked a crisis among scholars"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/dec/20/genocide-definition-mass-violence-scholars-gaza">the original</a> on 21 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Defining+genocide%3A+how+a+rift+over+Gaza+sparked+a+crisis+among+scholars&rft.date=2024-12-20&rft.aulast=Speri&rft.aufirst=Alice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fus-news%2F2024%2Fdec%2F20%2Fgenocide-definition-mass-violence-scholars-gaza&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSridhar2023" class="citation news cs1">Sridhar, Devi (29 December 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241217003337/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2023/dec/29/health-organisations-disease-gaza-population-outbreaks-conflict">"It's not just bullets and bombs. I have never seen health organisations as worried as they are about disease in Gaza"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2023/dec/29/health-organisations-disease-gaza-population-outbreaks-conflict">the original</a> on 17 December 2024. Retrieved 21 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=It%27s+not+just+bullets+and+bombs.+I+have+never+seen+health+organisations+as+worried+as+they+are+about+disease+in+Gaza&rft.date=2023-12-29&rft.aulast=Sridhar&rft.aufirst=Devi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2F2023%2Fdec%2F29%2Fhealth-organisations-disease-gaza-population-outbreaks-conflict&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSridhar2024" class="citation news cs1">Sridhar, Devi (5 September 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20250130100120/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/article/2024/sep/05/scientists-death-disease-gaza-polio-vaccinations-israel">"Scientists are closing in on the true, horrifying scale of death and disease in Gaza"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/article/2024/sep/05/scientists-death-disease-gaza-polio-vaccinations-israel">the original</a> on 30 January 2025. Retrieved 13 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Scientists+are+closing+in+on+the+true%2C+horrifying+scale+of+death+and+disease+in+Gaza&rft.date=2024-09-05&rft.aulast=Sridhar&rft.aufirst=Devi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2Farticle%2F2024%2Fsep%2F05%2Fscientists-death-disease-gaza-polio-vaccinations-israel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStacey2023" class="citation news cs1">Stacey, Diego (4 November 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231108133528/https://english.elpais.com/international/2023-11-04/pedro-arrojo-un-special-rapporteur-the-gaza-war-is-heading-towards-genocide.html">"Pedro Arrojo, UN Special Rapporteur: 'The Gaza war is heading towards genocide'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/El_Pa%C3%ADs" title="El País">El País</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.elpais.com/international/2023-11-04/pedro-arrojo-un-special-rapporteur-the-gaza-war-is-heading-towards-genocide.html">the original</a> on 8 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Pedro+Arrojo%2C+UN+Special+Rapporteur%3A+%27The+Gaza+war+is+heading+towards+genocide%27&rft.date=2023-11-04&rft.aulast=Stacey&rft.aufirst=Diego&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.elpais.com%2Finternational%2F2023-11-04%2Fpedro-arrojo-un-special-rapporteur-the-gaza-war-is-heading-towards-genocide.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStackShbair2024" class="citation news cs1">Stack, Liam; Shbair, Bilal (6 May 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/06/world/middleeast/gaza-schools-damaged-destroyed.html">"With Schools in Ruins, Education in Gaza Will Be Hobbled for Years"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240715234037/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/06/world/middleeast/gaza-schools-damaged-destroyed.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=With+Schools+in+Ruins%2C+Education+in+Gaza+Will+Be+Hobbled+for+Years&rft.date=2024-05-06&rft.aulast=Stack&rft.aufirst=Liam&rft.au=Shbair%2C+Bilal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2024%2F05%2F06%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fgaza-schools-damaged-destroyed.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStamatopoulou-Robbins2024" class="citation web cs1">Stamatopoulou-Robbins, Sophia (7 October 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241007200714/https://watson.brown.edu/costsofwar/files/cow/imce/papers/2023/2024/Costs%20of%20War_Human%20Toll%20Since%20Oct%207.pdf">"The Human Toll: Indirect Deaths from War in Gaza and the West Bank, October 7, 2023 Forward"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Watson_Institute_for_International_and_Public_Affairs" title="Watson Institute for International and Public Affairs">Watson Institute for International and Public Affairs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brown_University" title="Brown University">Brown University</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://watson.brown.edu/costsofwar/files/cow/imce/papers/2023/2024/Costs%20of%20War_Human%20Toll%20Since%20Oct%207.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 7 October 2024. Retrieved 17 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Human+Toll%3A+Indirect+Deaths+from+War+in+Gaza+and+the+West+Bank%2C+October+7%2C+2023+Forward&rft.pub=Watson+Institute+for+International+and+Public+Affairs%2C+Brown+University&rft.date=2024-10-07&rft.aulast=Stamatopoulou-Robbins&rft.aufirst=Sophia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwatson.brown.edu%2Fcostsofwar%2Ffiles%2Fcow%2Fimce%2Fpapers%2F2023%2F2024%2FCosts%2520of%2520War_Human%2520Toll%2520Since%2520Oct%25207.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteinke2024" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Steinke, Ronen (7 April 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240622115339/https://www.sueddeutsche.de/web/20240622115339/https://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/israel-genozid-gaza-waffen-nahostkonflikt-krieg-talmon-1.6528393?reduced=true">""Das stellt ganz klar ein Kriegsverbrechen dar. Aber eben nicht Völkermord""</a> ["This is clearly a war crime. But not genocide"]. <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCddeutsche_Zeitung" title="Süddeutsche Zeitung">Süddeutsche Zeitung</a> (in German). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/israel-genozid-gaza-waffen-nahostkonflikt-krieg-talmon-1.6528393">the original</a> on 22 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=S%C3%BCddeutsche+Zeitung&rft.atitle=%22Das+stellt+ganz+klar+ein+Kriegsverbrechen+dar.+Aber+eben+nicht+V%C3%B6lkermord%22&rft.date=2024-04-07&rft.aulast=Steinke&rft.aufirst=Ronen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sueddeutsche.de%2Fpolitik%2Fisrael-genozid-gaza-waffen-nahostkonflikt-krieg-talmon-1.6528393&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStern2023" class="citation magazine cs1">Stern, Marlow (26 November 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240109001414/https://www.rollingstone.com/tv-movies/tv-movie-features/hollywood-israel-palestine-criticism-melissa-barrera-scream-jenna-ortega-susan-sarandon-maha-dakhil-1234896903/">"In Hollywood, Criticizing Israel's Assault on Gaza Comes With a Price"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://novaramedia.com/2024/02/05/former-unwra-spokesperson-says-uk-us-complicit-in-gaza-genocide/">the original</a> on 6 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Novara+Media&rft.atitle=Former+UNWRA+Spokesperson+Says+UK+%26+US+Complicit+in+Gaza+Genocide&rft.date=2024-02-05&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnovaramedia.com%2F2024%2F02%2F05%2Fformer-unwra-spokesperson-says-uk-us-complicit-in-gaza-genocide%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWedesweiler2024" class="citation news cs1">Wedesweiler, Madeleine (5 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240305094219/https://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/anthony-albanese-dismisses-icc-war-crimes-allegations-experts-weigh-in-on-the-claims/xu4kueiql">"Anthony Albanese dismisses ICC war crimes allegations: Experts weigh in on the claims"</a>. <a href="/wiki/SBS_News" class="mw-redirect" title="SBS News">SBS News</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/anthony-albanese-dismisses-icc-war-crimes-allegations-experts-weigh-in-on-the-claims/xu4kueiql">the original</a> on 5 March 2024. Retrieved 5 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SBS+News&rft.atitle=Anthony+Albanese+dismisses+ICC+war+crimes+allegations%3A+Experts+weigh+in+on+the+claims&rft.date=2024-03-05&rft.aulast=Wedesweiler&rft.aufirst=Madeleine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sbs.com.au%2Fnews%2Farticle%2Fanthony-albanese-dismisses-icc-war-crimes-allegations-experts-weigh-in-on-the-claims%2Fxu4kueiql&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWellsCortés-MoralesEssonHorgan2024" class="citation journal cs1">Wells, Karen; Cortés-Morales, Susana; Esson, James; Horgan, Deirdre; Nxumalo, Fikile; Phoenix, Ann; Rautio, Paulina; Rosen, Rachel (20 February 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14733285.2024.2316752">"Israel's war on Gaza and the violation of children's rights"</a>. Children's Geographies. 22 (2): 197–200. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14733285.2024.2316752">10.1080/14733285.2024.2316752</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Children%27s+Geographies&rft.atitle=Israel%27s+war+on+Gaza+and+the+violation+of+children%27s+rights&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E197-%3C%2Fspan%3E200&rft.date=2024-02-20&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14733285.2024.2316752&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft.au=Cort%C3%A9s-Morales%2C+Susana&rft.au=Esson%2C+James&rft.au=Horgan%2C+Deirdre&rft.au=Nxumalo%2C+Fikile&rft.au=Phoenix%2C+Ann&rft.au=Rautio%2C+Paulina&rft.au=Rosen%2C+Rachel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%252F14733285.2024.2316752&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson2024" class="citation news cs1">Wilson, Joseph (6 June 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240701144511/https://apnews.com/article/spain-israel-icj-genocide-case-67d4d9b8ecf6fd88e718319a5d93465a">"Spain applies to join South Africa's case at top UN court accusing Israel of genocide"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/spain-israel-icj-genocide-case-67d4d9b8ecf6fd88e718319a5d93465a">the original</a> on 1 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Spain+applies+to+join+South+Africa%27s+case+at+top+UN+court+accusing+Israel+of+genocide&rft.date=2024-06-06&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fspain-israel-icj-genocide-case-67d4d9b8ecf6fd88e718319a5d93465a&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWintour2024" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Wintour" title="Patrick Wintour">Wintour, Patrick</a> (29 May 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241113063339/https://www.theguardian.com/global/article/2024/may/29/how-a-single-comma-is-allowing-israel-to-question-icj-rafah-ruling">"How a single comma is allowing Israel to question ICJ Rafah ruling"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/global/article/2024/may/29/how-a-single-comma-is-allowing-israel-to-question-icj-rafah-ruling">the original</a> on 13 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=How+a+single+comma+is+allowing+Israel+to+question+ICJ+Rafah+ruling&rft.date=2024-05-29&rft.aulast=Wintour&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fglobal%2Farticle%2F2024%2Fmay%2F29%2Fhow-a-single-comma-is-allowing-israel-to-question-icj-rafah-ruling&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYeeMekayKershner2024" class="citation news cs1">Yee, Vivian; Mekay, Emad; Kershner, Isabel (3 June 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20250127151801/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/06/03/world/middleeast/egypt-corridor-israel-gaza-border.html">"Israel's Seizure of Gaza Border Zone Strains Ties With Egypt"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/06/03/world/middleeast/egypt-corridor-israel-gaza-border.html">the original</a> on 27 January 2025. Retrieved 27 January 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Israel%27s+Seizure+of+Gaza+Border+Zone+Strains+Ties+With+Egypt&rft.date=2024-06-03&rft.aulast=Yee&rft.aufirst=Vivian&rft.au=Mekay%2C+Emad&rft.au=Kershner%2C+Isabel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2024%2F06%2F03%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fegypt-corridor-israel-gaza-border.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYeni_Şafak_English2025" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20250111160538/https://www.yenisafak.com/en/news/palestinian-official-condemns-israeli-lawmakers-call-for-intensified-military-offensive-in-gaza-3696715">"Palestinian official condemns Israeli lawmakers' call for intensified military offensive in Gaza"</a>. Yeni Şafak English. 5 January 2025. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yenisafak.com/en/news/palestinian-official-condemns-israeli-lawmakers-call-for-intensified-military-offensive-in-gaza-3696715">the original</a> on 11 January 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yeni+%C5%9Eafak+English&rft.atitle=Palestinian+official+condemns+Israeli+lawmakers%27+call+for+intensified+military+offensive+in+Gaza&rft.date=2025-01-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yenisafak.com%2Fen%2Fnews%2Fpalestinian-official-condemns-israeli-lawmakers-call-for-intensified-military-offensive-in-gaza-3696715&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZakaria2024" class="citation news cs1">Zakaria, Fareed (26 May 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240717080434/https://edition.cnn.com/videos/world/2024/05/26/gps-0526-icc-charges-against-israel.cnn">"On GPS: The charges against Israel"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/videos/world/2024/05/26/gps-0526-icc-charges-against-israel.cnn">the original</a> on 17 July 2024. Retrieved 28 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=On+GPS%3A+The+charges+against+Israel&rft.date=2024-05-26&rft.aulast=Zakaria&rft.aufirst=Fareed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2Fvideos%2Fworld%2F2024%2F05%2F26%2Fgps-0526-icc-charges-against-israel.cnn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZampano2024" class="citation news cs1">Zampano, Giada (17 November 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241205032101/https://apnews.com/article/pope-vatican-gaza-israel-genocide-book-62907898cead13dbcfd603592263904c">"Pope Francis calls for investigation to determine if Israel's attacks in Gaza constitute 'genocide'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AP_News" class="mw-redirect" title="AP News">AP News</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/pope-vatican-gaza-israel-genocide-book-62907898cead13dbcfd603592263904c">the original</a> on 5 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=Pope+Francis+calls+for+investigation+to+determine+if+Israel%27s+attacks+in+Gaza+constitute+%27genocide%27&rft.date=2024-11-17&rft.aulast=Zampano&rft.aufirst=Giada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fpope-vatican-gaza-israel-genocide-book-62907898cead13dbcfd603592263904c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZarni2023" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Maung_Zarni" title="Maung Zarni">Zarni, Maung</a> (16 October 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231016130358/https://www.thejakartapost.com/opinion/2023/10/16/powerful-states-are-killing-international-law-genocide-convention.html">"Powerful states are killing international law, genocide convention"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Jakarta_Post" title="The Jakarta Post">The Jakarta Post</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/opinion/2023/10/16/powerful-states-are-killing-international-law-genocide-convention.html">the original</a> on 16 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jakarta+Post&rft.atitle=Powerful+states+are+killing+international+law%2C+genocide+convention&rft.date=2023-10-16&rft.aulast=Zarni&rft.aufirst=Maung&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejakartapost.com%2Fopinion%2F2023%2F10%2F16%2Fpowerful-states-are-killing-international-law-genocide-convention.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZerrouky2024" class="citation news cs1">Zerrouky, Madjid (21 September 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240926222850/https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2024/09/21/gaza-s-health-ministry-reveals-names-of-several-thousand-dead-over-11-355-of-them-are-minors_6726814_4.html">"Gaza's Health Ministry reveals names of several thousand dead, over 11,355 of them are minors"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Le_Monde" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2024/09/21/gaza-s-health-ministry-reveals-names-of-several-thousand-dead-over-11-355-of-them-are-minors_6726814_4.html">the original</a> on 26 September 2024. Retrieved 23 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=Gaza%27s+Health+Ministry+reveals+names+of+several+thousand+dead%2C+over+11%2C355+of+them+are+minors&rft.date=2024-09-21&rft.aulast=Zerrouky&rft.aufirst=Madjid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fen%2Finternational%2Farticle%2F2024%2F09%2F21%2Fgaza-s-health-ministry-reveals-names-of-several-thousand-dead-over-11-355-of-them-are-minors_6726814_4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZitun2023" class="citation news cs1">Zitun, Yoav (12 December 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ynetnews.com/article/rkjqoobip">"One-fifth of troop fatalities in Gaza due to friendly fire or accidents, IDF reports"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ynetnews" class="mw-redirect" title="Ynetnews">Ynetnews</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231214212217/https://www.ynetnews.com/article/rkjqoobip">Archived</a> from the original on 14 December 2023. Retrieved 15 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ynetnews&rft.atitle=One-fifth+of+troop+fatalities+in+Gaza+due+to+friendly+fire+or+accidents%2C+IDF+reports&rft.date=2023-12-12&rft.aulast=Zitun&rft.aufirst=Yoav&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2Farticle%2Frkjqoobip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAghaEssonGriffithsJoronen2024" class="citation journal cs1">Agha, Zena; Esson, James; Griffiths, Mark; Joronen, Mikko (5 February 2024). "Gaza: A decolonial geography". <a href="/wiki/Transactions_of_the_Institute_of_British_Geographers" title="Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers">Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers</a>. 49 (2): e12675. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2024TrIBG..49E2675A">2024TrIBG..49E2675A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Ftran.12675">10.1111/tran.12675</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+Institute+of+British+Geographers&rft.atitle=Gaza%3A+A+decolonial+geography&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=e12675&rft.date=2024-02-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Ftran.12675&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2024TrIBG..49E2675A&rft.aulast=Agha&rft.aufirst=Zena&rft.au=Esson%2C+James&rft.au=Griffiths%2C+Mark&rft.au=Joronen%2C+Mikko&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlexander2024" class="citation journal cs1">Alexander, Atul (22 February 2024). "Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide in the Gaza Strip (South Africa v. 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMJ&rft.atitle=Civilian+mortality+and+damage+to+medical+facilities+in+Gaza&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=e014756&rft.date=2024-05-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC11103200%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F38760024&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fbmjgh-2023-014756&rft.aulast=Wispelwey&rft.aufirst=Bram&rft.au=Mills%2C+David&rft.au=Asi%2C+Yara+M.&rft.au=Hammoudeh%2C+Weeam&rft.au=Kunichoff%2C+Dennis&rft.au=Ahmed%2C+A.+Kayum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC11103200&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Roundtable Artsakh/Nagorno Karabakh: Famine, Memory and The Question of Genocide in <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Genocide_Research" title="Journal of Genocide Research">Journal of Genocide Research</a>: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAharon2024" class="citation journal cs1">Aharon, Eldad Ben (27 September 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14623528.2024.2406100">"Israel's Foreign Policy and the Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict: A Reflection on Regional Security and Diplomacy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Genocide_Research" title="Journal of Genocide Research">Journal of Genocide Research</a>: 1–23. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14623528.2024.2406100">10.1080/14623528.2024.2406100</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Genocide+Research&rft.atitle=Israel%27s+Foreign+Policy+and+the+Nagorno-Karabakh+Conflict%3A+A+Reflection+on+Regional+Security+and+Diplomacy&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E23&rft.date=2024-09-27&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14623528.2024.2406100&rft.aulast=Aharon&rft.aufirst=Eldad+Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%252F14623528.2024.2406100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li></ul></li> <li>Roundtable Gaza: International Humanitarian Law and Genocide in <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Genocide_Research" title="Journal of Genocide Research">Journal of Genocide Research</a>: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBen-NaftaliDiamondShofty2024" class="citation journal cs1">Ben-Naftali, Orna; Diamond, Eitan; Shofty, Aner (25 October 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14623528.2024.2418670">"Esprit de Corpse: Genocide in the Shadowland of Gaza?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Genocide_Research" title="Journal of Genocide Research">Journal of Genocide Research</a>: 1–22. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14623528.2024.2418670">10.1080/14623528.2024.2418670</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Genocide+Research&rft.atitle=Esprit+de+Corpse%3A+Genocide+in+the+Shadowland+of+Gaza%3F&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E22&rft.date=2024-10-25&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14623528.2024.2418670&rft.aulast=Ben-Naftali&rft.aufirst=Orna&rft.au=Diamond%2C+Eitan&rft.au=Shofty%2C+Aner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%252F14623528.2024.2418670&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li></ul></li> <li>Roundtable Israel-Palestine: Atrocity Crimes and the Crisis of Holocaust and Genocide Studies in <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Genocide_Research" title="Journal of Genocide Research">Journal of Genocide Research</a>: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoisen2024" class="citation journal cs1">Boisen, Camilla (26 September 2024). <a rel="nofollow" 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldberg2024" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Amos_Goldberg" title="Amos Goldberg">Goldberg, Amos</a> (15 October 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14623528.2024.2413175">"The Problematic Return of Intent"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Genocide_Research" title="Journal of Genocide Research">Journal of Genocide Research</a>: 1–10. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14623528.2024.2413175">10.1080/14623528.2024.2413175</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Genocide+Research&rft.atitle=The+Problematic+Return+of+Intent&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E10&rft.date=2024-10-15&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14623528.2024.2413175&rft.aulast=Goldberg&rft.aufirst=Amos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%252F14623528.2024.2413175&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGurmendi_Dunkelberg2025" class="citation journal cs1">Gurmendi Dunkelberg, Alonso (22 January 2025). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14623528.2025.2454739">"How to Hide a Genocide: Modern/Colonial International Law and the Construction of Impunity"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Genocide_Research" title="Journal of Genocide Research">Journal of Genocide Research</a>. 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Weaponization and Denial"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Genocide_Research" title="Journal of Genocide Research">Journal of Genocide Research</a>: 1–19. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14623528.2024.2359851">10.1080/14623528.2024.2359851</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Genocide+Research&rft.atitle=Understanding+Sexual+Violence+Debates+Since+7+October%3A+Weaponization+and+Denial&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E19&rft.date=2024-05-30&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14623528.2024.2359851&rft.aulast=Mhajne&rft.aufirst=Anwar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%252F14623528.2024.2359851&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSorek2025" class="citation journal cs1">Sorek, Tamir (6 February 2025). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14623528.2025.2456321">"Mainstreaming a Genocidal Imagination in Israeli Society: Settler-Colonialism, Settler Anxiety, and Biblical Cues"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Genocide_Research" title="Journal of Genocide Research">Journal of Genocide Research</a>: 1–24. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14623528.2025.2456321">10.1080/14623528.2025.2456321</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Genocide+Research&rft.atitle=Mainstreaming+a+Genocidal+Imagination+in+Israeli+Society%3A+Settler-Colonialism%2C+Settler+Anxiety%2C+and+Biblical+Cues&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E24&rft.date=2025-02-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14623528.2025.2456321&rft.aulast=Sorek&rft.aufirst=Tamir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%252F14623528.2025.2456321&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVerdeja2025" class="citation journal cs1">Verdeja, Ernesto (20 January 2025). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14623528.2025.2452707">"The Gaza Genocide in Five Crises"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Genocide_Research" title="Journal of Genocide Research">Journal of Genocide 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href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14623528.2024.2339637">"A "Tragic Humanitarian Crisis": Israel's Weaponization of Starvation and the Question of Intent"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Genocide_Research" title="Journal of Genocide Research">Journal of Genocide Research</a>: 1–15. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14623528.2024.2339637">10.1080/14623528.2024.2339637</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Genocide+Research&rft.atitle=A+%22Tragic+Humanitarian+Crisis%22%3A+Israel%27s+Weaponization+of+Starvation+and+the+Question+of+Intent&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E15&rft.date=2024-04-17&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14623528.2024.2339637&rft.aulast=Whyte&rft.aufirst=Jessica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%252F14623528.2024.2339637&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://webtv.un.org/en/asset/k1v/k1vpr1yczg">"UN panel discussion: 2023 War on Gaza: The Responsibility to Prevent Genocide"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>. 12 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UN+panel+discussion%3A+2023+War+on+Gaza%3A+The+Responsibility+to+Prevent+Genocide&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft.date=2023-12-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwebtv.un.org%2Fen%2Fasset%2Fk1v%2Fk1vpr1yczg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+genocide" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Gaza_war440" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gaza_war" title="Template:Gaza war"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gaza_war" title="Template talk:Gaza war"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gaza_war" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gaza war"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gaza_war440" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Gaza_war" title="Gaza war">Gaza war</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Gaza_war" title="Timeline of the Gaza war">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Gaza_war" title="Outline of the Gaza war">Outline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_engagements_during_the_Gaza_war" title="List of military engagements during the Gaza war">Engage- ments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/October_7_Hamas-led_attack_on_Israel" title="October 7 Hamas-led attack on Israel">Hamas-led attack on Israel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Attacks on civilians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Netiv_HaAsara_massacre" title="Netiv HaAsara massacre">Netiv HaAsara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alumim_massacre" title="Alumim massacre">Alumim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Be%27eri_massacre" title="Be'eri massacre">Be'eri</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elhanan_Team" title="Elhanan Team">Elhanan Team</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Holit" title="Attack on Holit">Holit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kfar_Aza_massacre" title="Kfar Aza massacre">Kfar Aza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kissufim_massacre" title="Kissufim massacre">Kissufim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nir_Oz_attack" title="Nir Oz attack">Nir Oz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nir_Yitzhak_attack" title="Nir Yitzhak attack">Nir Yitzhak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahal_Oz_attack" title="Nahal Oz attack">Nahal Oz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirim_attack" title="Nirim attack">Nirim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_music_festival_massacre" title="Nova music festival massacre">Nova music festival</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_Shelters" title="Death Shelters">Death Shelters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psyduck_music_festival_massacre" title="Psyduck music festival massacre">Psyduck music festival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Re%27im" title="Battle of Re'im">Re'im</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sderot" title="Battle of Sderot">Sderot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sufa" title="Battle of Sufa">Sufa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zikim_attack" title="Zikim attack">Zikim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Israeli_female_tank_crew_fight" title="2023 Israeli female tank crew fight">Israeli female tank crew fight</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allegations_of_genocide_in_the_October_7_Hamas-led_attack_on_Israel" title="Allegations of genocide in the October 7 Hamas-led attack on Israel">Allegations of genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNRWA_and_Israel" title="UNRWA and Israel">Allegations of involvement of UNRWA employees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_Shelters" title="Death Shelters">Death Shelters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denial_of_the_7_October_Hamas-led_attack_on_Israel" title="Denial of the 7 October Hamas-led attack on Israel">Denial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_and_gender-based_violence_in_the_7_October_Hamas-led_attack_on_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexual and gender-based violence in the 7 October Hamas-led attack on Israel">Sexual and gender-based violence</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Screams_Without_Words" title="Screams Without Words">Screams Without Words</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bearing_Witness_(2023_film)" title="Bearing Witness (2023 film)">Bearing Witness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screams_Before_Silence" title="Screams Before Silence">Screams Before Silence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Israeli_invasion_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip">Israeli invasion of Gaza</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Beit_Hanoun" title="Battle of Beit Hanoun">Beit Hanoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Gaza_City" title="Siege of Gaza City">Gaza City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Khan_Yunis" title="Siege of Khan Yunis">Khan Yunis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafah_offensive" title="Rafah offensive">Rafah</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Background_of_the_Rafah_offensive" title="Background of the Rafah offensive">Background</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_refugee_camps_in_the_Gaza_war" title="Attacks on refugee camps in the Gaza war">Attacks on refugee camps</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_Jabalia_refugee_camp_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Attacks on Jabalia refugee camp (2023–present)">Jabalia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/31_October_2023_Jabalia_refugee_camp_airstrike" title="31 October 2023 Jabalia refugee camp airstrike">31 October</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shati_refugee_camp_airstrikes" title="Al-Shati refugee camp airstrikes">Al-Shati</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June_2024_northern_Gaza_City_airstrikes" title="June 2024 northern Gaza City airstrikes">Al-Shati and Tuffah dual airstrikes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_attacks_on_Al-Maghazi_refugee_camp" title="Israeli attacks on Al-Maghazi refugee camp">Al-Maghazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_al-Sultan_attack" title="Tel al-Sultan attack">Tel al-Sultan attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2024_Al-Mawasi_refugee_camp_attack" title="May 2024 Al-Mawasi refugee camp attack">Al-Mawasi (May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuseirat_rescue_and_massacre" title="Nuseirat rescue and massacre">Nuseirat rescue and massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2024_Al-Mawasi_refugee_camp_attack" title="June 2024 Al-Mawasi refugee camp attack">Al-Mawasi (June)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2024_al-Shati_refugee_camp_attack" title="July 2024 al-Shati refugee camp attack">Al-Shati (July)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2024_Deir_al-Balah_attacks" title="August 2024 Deir al-Balah attacks">Deir el-Balah (August)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2024_Al-Mawasi_refugee_camp_attack" title="September 2024 Al-Mawasi refugee camp attack">Al-Mawasi (September)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4_December_2024_al-Mawasi_attack" title="4 December 2024 al-Mawasi attack">Al-Mawasi (December)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2024_Nuseirat_refugee_camp_attack" title="December 2024 Nuseirat refugee camp attack">Nuseirat (December)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_schools_during_the_Israeli_invasion_of_Gaza" title="Attacks on schools during the Israeli invasion of Gaza">Attacks on schools</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Fakhoora_school_airstrikes" title="Al-Fakhoora school airstrikes">Al-Fakhoora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadia_Abu_Ghazala_School_massacre" title="Shadia Abu Ghazala School massacre">Shadia Abu Ghazala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sardi_school_attack" title="Al-Sardi school attack">Al-Sardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Awda_school_attack" title="Al-Awda school attack">Al-Awda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khadija_School_airstrike" title="Khadija School airstrike">Khadija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamama_School_bombing" title="Hamama School bombing">Hamama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Tabaeen_school_attack" title="Al-Tabaeen school attack">Al-Tabaeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2024_Al-Jawni_School_attack" title="September 2024 Al-Jawni School attack">Al-Jawni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2024_Rufaida_school_attack" title="October 2024 Rufaida school attack">Rufaida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2024_Abu_Hussein_school_attack" title="October 2024 Abu Hussein school attack">Abu Hussein</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_health_facilities_during_the_Gaza_war" title="Attacks on health facilities during the Gaza war">Attacks on health facilities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ahli_Arab_Hospital_explosion" title="Al-Ahli Arab Hospital explosion">Al-Ahli Arab Hospital explosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shifa_Hospital_siege" title="Al-Shifa Hospital siege">Al-Shifa Hospital siege</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alleged_military_use_of_al-Shifa_hospital" title="Alleged military use of al-Shifa hospital">alleged military use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shifa_ambulance_airstrike" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Shifa ambulance airstrike">ambulance airstrike</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip_mass_graves" title="Gaza Strip mass graves">Gaza Strip mass graves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamal_Adwan_Hospital_sieges" title="Kamal Adwan Hospital sieges">Kamal Adwan Hospital sieges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_health_workers_in_the_Gaza_war" title="Killing of health workers in the Gaza war">Killing of health workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasser_Hospital_siege" title="Nasser Hospital siege">Nasser Hospital siege</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasser_Hospital_mass_graves" title="Nasser Hospital mass graves">Nasser Hospital mass graves</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14_October_2024_Al-Aqsa_Hospital_attack" title="14 October 2024 Al-Aqsa Hospital attack">14 October 2024 Al-Aqsa Hospital attack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other attacks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_airstrikes_on_municipal_services_in_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Israeli airstrikes on municipal services in the Gaza Strip">Airstrikes on municipal services in Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_religious_sites_during_the_Israeli_invasion_of_Gaza" title="Attacks on religious sites during the Israeli invasion of Gaza">Attacks on religious sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineer%27s_Building_airstrike" title="Engineer's Building airstrike">Engineer's Building airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12_February_2024_Rafah_strikes" title="12 February 2024 Rafah strikes">Rafah strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flour_massacre" title="Flour massacre">Flour massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait_Roundabout_mass_killings" title="Kuwait Roundabout mass killings">Kuwait Roundabout mass killings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_Palestinians_evacuating_Gaza_City" title="Attacks on Palestinians evacuating Gaza City">Palestinians evacuating Gaza City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Central_Kitchen_aid_convoy_attack" title="World Central Kitchen aid convoy attack">World Central Kitchen aid convoy attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9_July_2024_Gaza_attacks" title="9 July 2024 Gaza attacks">9 July 2024 attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13_July_2024_al-Mawasi_attack" title="13 July 2024 al-Mawasi attack">13 July 2024 al-Mawasi attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/22_July_2024_Khan_Yunis_attack" title="22 July 2024 Khan Yunis attack">Khan Yunis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2024_Deir_al-Balah_mosque_bombing" title="October 2024 Deir al-Balah mosque bombing">Deir al-Balah mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19_October_2024_Beit_Lahia_attacks" title="19 October 2024 Beit Lahia attacks">Beit Lahia attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/29_October_2024_Beit_Lahia_airstrike" title="29 October 2024 Beit Lahia airstrike">Beit Lahia airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerem_Shalom_aid_convoy_looting" title="Kerem Shalom aid convoy looting">Kerem Shalom aid convoy looting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AI-assisted_targeting_in_the_Gaza_Strip" title="AI-assisted targeting in the Gaza Strip">AI-assisted targeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_bombing_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Israeli bombing of the Gaza Strip">Bombing of the Gaza Strip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_cultural_heritage_during_the_Israeli_invasion_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Destruction of cultural heritage during the Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip">Destruction of cultural heritage during the Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_the_Gaza_war" title="Environmental impact of the Gaza war">Environmental impact of the Gaza war</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gaza genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_generals%27_plan" title="Israeli generals' plan">Israeli generals' plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torture_during_the_Gaza_war" title="Torture during the Gaza war">Torture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_crisis_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Middle Eastern crisis (2023–present)">Other theaters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_incursions_in_the_West_Bank_during_the_Gaza_war" title="Israeli incursions in the West Bank during the Gaza war">Israeli incursions in the West Bank</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Israeli_military_operation_in_the_West_Bank" title="2024 Israeli military operation in the West Bank">2024 Israeli military operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Benjamin_Achimeir" title="Killing of Benjamin Achimeir">Killing of Benjamin Achimeir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2024_Israeli_settler_rampages" title="April 2024 Israeli settler rampages">April 2024 Israeli settler rampages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_al-Funduq_shooting" title="2025 al-Funduq shooting">al-Funduq shooting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lehi_Street_bombing" title="Lehi Street bombing">Lehi Street bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Givat_Shaul_shooting" title="2023 Givat Shaul shooting">Givat Shaul shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majdal_Shams_attack" title="Majdal Shams attack">Majdal Shams attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_22_drone_attack" title="Tower 22 drone attack">Tower 22 drone attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_incursions_in_Tulkarm" title="Israeli incursions in Tulkarm">Israeli incursions in Tulkarm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Masyaf_raid" title="2024 Masyaf raid">2024 Masyaf raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Jaffa_shooting" title="2024 Jaffa shooting">2024 Jaffa shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Tulkarm_Camp_airstrike" title="2024 Tulkarm Camp airstrike">2024 Tulkarm Camp airstrike</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2024_Iran%E2%80%93Israel_conflict" title="2024 Iran–Israel conflict">Iran–Israel conflict</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_airstrike_on_the_Iranian_consulate_in_Damascus" title="Israeli airstrike on the Iranian consulate in Damascus">Israeli airstrike on the Iranian consulate in Damascus</a></li> <li>Iranian strikes in Israel <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_2024_Iranian_strikes_against_Israel" title="April 2024 Iranian strikes against Israel">April 2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2024_Iranian_strikes_against_Israel" title="October 2024 Iranian strikes against Israel">October 2024</a></li></ul></li> <li>Israeli strikes on Iran <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_2024_Israeli_strikes_on_Iran" title="April 2024 Israeli strikes on Iran">April 2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2024_Israeli_strikes_on_Iran" title="October 2024 Israeli strikes on Iran">October 2024</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Ismail_Haniyeh" title="Assassination of Ismail Haniyeh">Assassination of Ismail Haniyeh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hezbollah_conflict_(2023%E2%80%932024)" title="Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–2024)">Israel–Hezbollah conflict</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hezbollah_conflict_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Timeline of the Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–present)">Timeline</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_journalists_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hezbollah_conflict_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Attacks on journalists during the Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–present)">Attacks on journalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_displacement_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hezbollah_conflict" title="Lebanese displacement during the Israel–Hezbollah conflict">Lebanese displacement</a></li> <li>Assassinations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Hezbollah_headquarters_strike" title="2024 Hezbollah headquarters strike">Hezbollah headquarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Fuad_Shukr" title="Killing of Fuad Shukr">Fuad Shukr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20_September_2024_Beirut_attack" title="20 September 2024 Beirut attack">Ibrahim Aqil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Saleh_al-Arouri" title="Assassination of Saleh al-Arouri">Saleh al-Arouri</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2024_Nabatieh_attack" title="August 2024 Nabatieh attack">August 2024 Nabatieh attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2024_Israel%E2%80%93Lebanon_strikes" title="August 2024 Israel–Lebanon strikes">August 2024 Israel–Lebanon strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Lebanon_electronic_device_attacks" title="2024 Lebanon electronic device attacks">2024 Lebanon electronic device attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2024_Israeli_attacks_against_Lebanon" title="September 2024 Israeli attacks against Lebanon">September 2024 Israeli attacks against Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_invasion_of_Lebanon_(2024%E2%80%93present)" title="Israeli invasion of Lebanon (2024–present)">Israeli invasion of Lebanon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Israel%E2%80%93Lebanon_ceasefire_agreement" title="2024 Israel–Lebanon ceasefire agreement">ceasefire</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_attacks_on_the_Lebanese_health_sector_during_the_Israel-Hezbollah_conflict_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Israeli attacks on the Lebanese health sector during the Israel-Hezbollah conflict (2023–present)">Israeli attacks on the Lebanese health sector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_cultural_heritage_during_the_Israeli_invasion_of_Lebanon" title="Destruction of cultural heritage during the Israeli invasion of Lebanon">Destruction of cultural heritage during the Israeli invasion of Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2025_southern_Lebanon_attack" title="January 2025 southern Lebanon attack">January 2025 southern Lebanon attack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Red_Sea_crisis" title="Red Sea crisis">Red Sea crisis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Red_Sea_crisis" title="Timeline of the Red Sea crisis">Timeline</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Prosperity_Guardian" title="Operation Prosperity Guardian">Operation Prosperity Guardian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_the_MV_Maersk_Hangzhou" title="Attacks on the MV Maersk Hangzhou">Attacks on the MV Maersk Hangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_missile_strikes_in_Yemen" title="2024 missile strikes in Yemen">2024 missile strikes in Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlin_Luanda_missile_strike" title="Marlin Luanda missile strike">Marlin Luanda missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Houthi_drone_attack_on_Israel" title="2024 Houthi drone attack on Israel">2024 Houthi drone attack on Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20_July_2024_Israeli_attack_on_Yemen" title="20 July 2024 Israeli attack on Yemen">Israeli attack on Yemen (July 2024)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_the_Sounion" title="Attacks on the Sounion">Attacks on the Sounion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/29_September_2024_Israeli_attacks_on_Yemen" title="29 September 2024 Israeli attacks on Yemen">Israeli attacks on Yemen (September 2024)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gaza_war_hostage_crisis" title="Gaza war hostage crisis">Hostages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_prisoner_exchange" title="Israeli–Palestinian prisoner exchange">Hostage–prisoner exchange (2023)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_Gaza_war_ceasefire#Ceasefire_and_hostages/prisoners_exchange" title="2025 Gaza war ceasefire">Hostage–prisoner exchange (2025)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidnapped_from_Israel" title="Kidnapped from Israel">Kidnapped from Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hostages_and_Missing_Families_Forum" title="Hostages and Missing Families Forum">Hostages and Missing Families Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hostages_Square" title="Hostages Square">Hostages Square</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Rescued</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Rafah_hostage_raid" title="2024 Rafah hostage raid">2024 Rafah hostage raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rescue_of_Ori_Megidish" title="Rescue of Ori Megidish"> Ori Megidish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuseirat_rescue_and_massacre" title="Nuseirat rescue and massacre">Nuseirat operation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kidnapping_of_Noa_Argamani" title="Kidnapping of Noa Argamani">Noa Argamani</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rescue_of_Qaid_Farhan_Al-Qadi" title="Rescue of Qaid Farhan Al-Qadi">Rescue of Qaid Farhan Al-Qadi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Released</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Edry_hostage_situation" title="Rachel Edry hostage situation">Rachel Edry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidnapping_of_Yarden_Roman-Gat" title="Kidnapping of Yarden Roman-Gat">Yarden Roman-Gat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidnapping_of_Mia_Schem" title="Kidnapping of Mia Schem">Mia Schem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidnapping_of_Naama_Levy" title="Kidnapping of Naama Levy">Naama Levy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidnapping_of_the_Bibas_family" title="Kidnapping of the Bibas family">Yarden Bibas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Deceased</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Dancyg" title="Alex Dancyg">Alex Dancyg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidnapping_and_killing_of_Hersh_Goldberg-Polin" title="Kidnapping and killing of Hersh Goldberg-Polin">Hersh Goldberg-Polin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Alon_Shamriz,_Yotam_Haim,_and_Samer_Talalka" title="Killing of Alon Shamriz, Yotam Haim, and Samer Talalka">Alon Shamriz, Yotam Haim, and Samer Talalka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oded_Lifshitz" title="Oded Lifshitz">Oded Lifshitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidnapping_of_the_Bibas_family" title="Kidnapping of the Bibas family">Shiri, Ariel and Kfir Bibas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Gaza_war_ceasefire" title="2023 Gaza war ceasefire">2023 ceasefire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_Gaza_war_ceasefire" title="2025 Gaza war ceasefire">2025 ceasefire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coordinator_of_Government_Activities_in_the_Territories" title="Coordinator of Government Activities in the Territories">COGAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahiya_doctrine" title="Dahiya doctrine">Dahiya doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effect_of_the_Gaza_war_on_children_in_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Effect of the Gaza war on children in the Gaza Strip">Effect on children in Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannibal_Directive" title="Hannibal Directive">Hannibal Directive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_aid_during_the_Gaza_war" title="Humanitarian aid during the Gaza war">Humanitarian aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_the_State_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="International recognition of the State of Palestine">International recognition of the State of Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_blockade_of_the_Gaza_Strip_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Israeli blockade of the Gaza Strip (2023–present)">Israeli blockade of the Gaza Strip (2023–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confessions_of_detained_Palestinians_in_the_Gaza_war" title="Confessions of detained Palestinians in the Gaza war">Israeli interrogations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_advocacy_in_the_Gaza_war" title="Queer advocacy in the Gaza war">Queer advocacy in the Gaza war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Gaza_war" title="Women in the Gaza war">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_and_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict#Israel–Hamas_war" title="Wikipedia and the Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Wikipedia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Historical context</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Arab–Israeli conflict">Arab–Israeli conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_law_and_the_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="International law and the Arab–Israeli conflict">International law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Background_to_the_Gaza_war" title="Background to the Gaza war">Background to the Gaza war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Blockade of the Gaza Strip">Blockade of the Gaza Strip</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_freedom_of_movement" title="Palestinian freedom of movement">Palestinian freedom of movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_conflict" title="Gaza–Israel conflict">Gaza–Israel conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casualties_of_Israeli_attacks_on_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Casualties of Israeli attacks on the Gaza Strip">Casualties of Israeli attacks on the Gaza Strip</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_violations_against_Palestinians_by_Israel" title="Human rights violations against Palestinians by Israel">Human rights violations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_shields_in_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Human shields in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Human shields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_demolition_of_Palestinian_property" title="Israeli demolition of Palestinian property">Israeli demolition of Palestinian property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_settlement" title="Israeli settlement">Israeli settlement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legality_of_Israeli_settlements" title="Legality of Israeli settlements">Legality of Israeli settlements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_outpost" title="Israeli outpost">Israeli outpost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_settler_violence" title="Israeli settler violence">Israeli settler violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_disengagement_from_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Israeli disengagement from the Gaza Strip">Israeli disengagement from the Gaza Strip</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Palestinian_rocket_attacks_on_Israel_in_2023" title="List of Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel in 2023">Palestinian rocket attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_tunnel_warfare_in_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Palestinian tunnel warfare in the Gaza Strip">Palestinian tunnel warfare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-tunnel_barrier_along_the_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_border" title="Anti-tunnel barrier along the Gaza–Israel border">anti-tunnel barrier</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Targeted_killing_by_Israel" title="Targeted killing by Israel">Israeli assassinations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Gaza_war" title="Women in the Gaza war">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Impacts_of_the_Gaza_war" title="Impacts of the Gaza war">Effects</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legitimacy_of_the_State_of_Israel" title="Legitimacy of the State of Israel">Legitimacy of the State of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_government_response_to_the_7_October_Hamas-led_attack_on_Israel" title="Israeli government response to the 7 October Hamas-led attack on Israel">Israeli government response</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_war_cabinet" title="Israeli war cabinet">Israeli war cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_detentions_in_the_Gaza_war" title="Mass detentions in the Gaza war">Mass detentions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_Gaza_war" title="Economic impact of the Gaza war">Economic impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_the_Gaza_war" title="Environmental impact of the Gaza war">Environment impact in Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evacuations_during_the_Gaza_war" title="Evacuations during the Gaza war">Evacuations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip_evacuations" title="Gaza Strip evacuations">Gaza Strip evacuations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_humanitarian_crisis_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Gaza humanitarian crisis (2023–present)">Humanitarian crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_floating_pier" title="Gaza floating pier">Gaza floating pier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Gaza_Strip_healthcare_collapse" title="Timeline of the Gaza Strip healthcare collapse">Healthcare collapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023%E2%80%932024_Gaza_Strip_preterm_births" title="2023–2024 Gaza Strip preterm births">Premature baby crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip_famine" title="Gaza Strip famine">Famine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Societal_breakdown_in_the_Gaza_Strip_during_the_Gaza_war" title="Societal breakdown in the Gaza Strip during the Gaza war">Societal breakdown</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_public_diplomacy_in_the_Gaza_war" title="Israeli public diplomacy in the Gaza war">Israeli public diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_coverage_of_the_Gaza_war" title="Media coverage of the Gaza war">Media coverage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_journalists_in_the_Gaza_war" title="Killing of journalists in the Gaza war">Violence against journalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misinformation_in_the_Gaza_war" title="Misinformation in the Gaza war">Misinformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallywood" title="Pallywood">Pallywood</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_genocide_accusation" title="Palestinian genocide accusation">Palestinian genocide accusation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_complicity_in_Israeli_war_crimes_in_the_Gaza_war" title="United States complicity in Israeli war crimes in the Gaza war">United States complicity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_and_gender-based_violence_against_Palestinians_during_the_Gaza_war" title="Sexual and gender-based violence against Palestinians during the Gaza war">Sexual violence against Palestinians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_the_Gaza_war" title="War crimes in the Gaza war">War crimes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_war_crimes" title="Palestinian war crimes">Hamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_war_crimes_in_the_Gaza_war" title="Israeli war crimes in the Gaza war">Israeli</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_razing_of_cemeteries_and_necroviolence_against_Palestinians" title="Israeli razing of cemeteries and necroviolence against Palestinians">Cemetery destruction and necroviolence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_torture_in_the_occupied_territories" title="Israeli torture in the occupied territories">Israeli torture in the occupied territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_Israeli_resettlement_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Proposed Israeli resettlement of the Gaza Strip">Proposed Israeli resettlement of Gaza</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_Gaza_war" title="International reactions to the Gaza war">Reactions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calls_for_a_ceasefire_during_the_Gaza_war" title="Calls for a ceasefire during the Gaza war">Calls for a ceasefire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_2024_Israel_hostage_deal_protests" title="September 2024 Israel hostage deal protests">September 2024 Israel hostage deal protests</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_impact_of_the_Gaza_war" title="Diplomatic impact of the Gaza war">Diplomatic impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_donors_during_the_Gaza_war" title="University donors during the Gaza war">University donors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_reactions_to_the_Gaza_war" title="European Union reactions to the Gaza war">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninth_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="Ninth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">Islamic Summit Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Arab%E2%80%93Islamic_extraordinary_summit" title="2023 Arab–Islamic extraordinary summit">Arab–Islamic extraordinary summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurmat-e-Masjid_Aqsa_Conference" title="Hurmat-e-Masjid Aqsa Conference">Hurmat-e-Masjid Aqsa Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_MTV_Europe_Music_Awards" title="2023 MTV Europe Music Awards">Cancellation of the 2023 MTV EMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_Israeli_resettlement_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Proposed Israeli resettlement of the Gaza Strip">Proposed Israeli resettlement of the Gaza Strip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Beijing_Declaration" title="2024 Beijing Declaration">2024 Beijing Declaration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_aid_to_Israel_during_the_Gaza_war" title="List of military aid to Israel during the Gaza war">Military aid</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_support_for_Israel_in_the_Gaza_war" title="United States support for Israel in the Gaza war">US support for Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_support_for_Israel_in_the_Gaza_war" title="United Kingdom support for Israel in the Gaza war">UK support for Israel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discrimination</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_during_the_Gaza_war" title="Antisemitism during the Gaza war">Antisemitism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_antisemitic_riots_in_the_North_Caucasus" title="2023 antisemitic riots in the North Caucasus">Riots in the North Caucasus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Palestinianism_during_the_Gaza_war" title="Anti-Palestinianism during the Gaza war">Anti-Palestinianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia_during_the_Gaza_war" title="Islamophobia during the Gaza war">Islamophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violent_incidents_in_reaction_to_the_Gaza_war" title="Violent incidents in reaction to the Gaza war">Violent incidents</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Wadea_al-Fayoume" title="Killing of Wadea al-Fayoume">Killing of Wadea al-Fayoume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Paul_Kessler" title="Death of Paul Kessler">Death of Paul Kessler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_shooting_of_Palestinian_students_in_Burlington,_Vermont" title="2023 shooting of Palestinian students in Burlington, Vermont">Vermont student shooting</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gaza_war_protests" title="Gaza war protests">Protests</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses" title="2024 pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses">University campuses</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses_in_2024" title="List of pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses in 2024">List of protests</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses_in_the_Netherlands" title="2024 pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses_in_the_United_States_in_2024" title="List of pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses in the United States in 2024">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses_in_California_in_2024" title="List of pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses in California in 2024">California</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_2024_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses" title="Reactions to the 2024 pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses">Reactions</a></li></ul></li> <li>France <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_for_the_Republic_and_Against_Antisemitism" title="March for the Republic and Against Antisemitism">March for the Republic and Against Antisemitism</a></li></ul></li> <li>Indonesia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Bitung_clashes" title="2023 Bitung clashes">2023 Bitung clashes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_war_protests_in_Israel" title="Gaza war protests in Israel">Israel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_blockade_of_aid_delivery_to_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Israeli blockade of aid delivery to the Gaza Strip">Humanitarian aid blockade</a></li></ul></li> <li>Spain <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_2024_pro-Palestinian_strike_in_Spain" title="September 2024 pro-Palestinian strike in Spain">2024 pro-Palestinian strike</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_war_protests_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Gaza war protests in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_war_protests_in_the_United_States" title="Gaza war protests in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artists4Ceasefire" title="Artists4Ceasefire">Artists4Ceasefire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Democratic_National_Committee_protests" title="2023 Democratic National Committee protests">DNC protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_on_Washington_for_Gaza" title="March on Washington for Gaza">March on Washington for Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_for_Israel" title="March for Israel">March for Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_March_on_Washington:_Free_Palestine" title="National March on Washington: Free Palestine">National March on Washington: Free Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_war_protest_vote_movements" title="Gaza war protest vote movements">Protest votes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-immolation_of_Aaron_Bushnell" title="Self-immolation of Aaron Bushnell">Self-immolation of Aaron Bushnell</a></li></ul></li> <li>Pakistan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D-Chowk_Dharna" title="D-Chowk Dharna">D-Chowk Dharna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Faizabad_sit-in" title="2024 Faizabad sit-in">2024 Faizabad sit-in</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">UN resolutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-10/21" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-10/21">A/RES/ES-10/21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2712" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 2712">S/RES/2712</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-10/22" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-10/22">A/RES/ES-10/22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2720" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 2720">S/RES/2720</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2728" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 2728">S/RES/2728</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-10/23" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-10/23">A/RES/ES-10/23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2735" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 2735">S/RES/2735</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICJ_case_on_Israel%27s_occupation_of_the_Palestinian_territories#UN_General_Assembly_resolution" title="ICJ case on Israel's occupation of the Palestinian territories">A/RES/ES-10/24</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">UN inquiry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Independent_International_Commission_of_Inquiry_on_the_Occupied_Palestinian_Territory" title="Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied Palestinian Territory">Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied Palestinian Territory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_impact_of_the_Gaza_war#Independent_International_Commission_of_Inquiry_on_the_Occupied_Palestinian_Territory_report" title="Diplomatic impact of the Gaza war">War crimes and crimes against humanity report</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Global courts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa%27s_genocide_case_against_Israel" title="South Africa's genocide case against Israel">South Africa v. Israel (Genocide Convention)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua_v._Germany" title="Nicaragua v. Germany">Nicaragua v. Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICJ_case_on_Israel%27s_occupation_of_the_Palestinian_territories" title="ICJ case on Israel's occupation of the Palestinian territories">Legal Consequences of Israeli Policies and Practices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Palestine" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Palestine">ICC investigation in Palestine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_arrest_warrants_for_Israeli_leaders" title="International Criminal Court arrest warrants for Israeli leaders">Arrest warrants</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Courts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defense_for_Children_International_%E2%80%93_Palestine_et_al_v._Biden_et_al" title="Defense for Children International – Palestine et al v. Biden et al">Defense for Children International – Palestine v. Biden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Casualties_of_the_Gaza_war" title="Casualties of the Gaza war">Casualties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Israel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Security forces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alim_Abdallah" title="Alim Abdallah">Alim Abdallah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Ben-Bashat" title="Yitzhak Ben-Bashat">Yitzhak Ben-Bashat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayar_Davidov" title="Jayar Davidov">Jayar Davidov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eli_Ginsberg" title="Eli Ginsberg">Eli Ginsberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salman_Habaka" title="Salman Habaka">Salman Habaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asaf_Hamami" title="Asaf Hamami">Asaf Hamami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhar_Hofman" title="Yitzhar Hofman">Yitzhar Hofman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roi_Levy" title="Roi Levy">Roi Levy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izhar_Peled" title="Izhar Peled">Izhar Peled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yonatan_Steinberg" title="Yonatan Steinberg">Yonatan Steinberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ehsan_Daxa" title="Ehsan Daxa">Ehsan Daxa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Civilians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lior_Asulin" title="Lior Asulin">Lior Asulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Yuval_Castleman" title="Killing of Yuval Castleman">Yuval Castleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayim_Katsman" title="Hayim Katsman">Hayim Katsman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ofir_Libstein" title="Ofir Libstein">Ofir Libstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Shani_Louk" title="Killing of Shani Louk">Shani Louk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Aner_Shapira" title="Killing of Aner Shapira">Aner Shapira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivian_Silver" title="Vivian Silver">Vivian Silver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahav_Winner" title="Yahav Winner">Yahav Winner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Palestine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hamas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ismail_Haniyeh" title="Ismail Haniyeh">Ismail Haniyeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahya_Sinwar" title="Yahya Sinwar">Yahya Sinwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saleh_al-Arouri" title="Saleh al-Arouri">Saleh al-Arouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Fatah_Dukhan" title="Abdul Fatah Dukhan">Abdul Fatah Dukhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Dababish" title="Mohammed Dababish">Mohammed Dababish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wissam_Farhat" title="Wissam Farhat">Wissam Farhat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Ghandour_(militant)" title="Ahmed Ghandour (militant)">Ahmed Ghandour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Deif" title="Mohammed Deif">Mohammed Deif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marwan_Issa" title="Marwan Issa">Marwan Issa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fursan_Khalifa" title="Fursan Khalifa">Fursan Khalifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafa_Salama" title="Rafa Salama">Rafa Salama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osama_Mazini" title="Osama Mazini">Osama Mazini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayman_Nofal" title="Ayman Nofal">Ayman Nofal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamila_Abdallah_Taha_al-Shanti" title="Jamila Abdallah Taha al-Shanti">Jamila al-Shanti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Al_Qadi" title="Ali Al Qadi">Ali Al Qadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaa_Shreiteh" title="Alaa Shreiteh">Alaa Shreiteh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faiq_Al-Mabhouh" title="Faiq Al-Mabhouh">Faiq Al-Mabhouh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rawhi_Mushtaha" title="Rawhi Mushtaha">Rawhi Mushtaha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other militants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fouad_Abu_Butihan" title="Fouad Abu Butihan">Fouad Abu Butihan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jihad_Shehadeh" title="Jihad Shehadeh">Jihad Shehadeh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Civilians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Tawfic_Abdel_Jabbar" title="Killing of Tawfic Abdel Jabbar">Tawfic Abdel Jabbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majed_Abu_Maraheel" title="Majed Abu Maraheel">Majed Abu Maraheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiba_Abu_Nada" title="Hiba Abu Nada">Hiba Abu Nada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refaat_Alareer" title="Refaat Alareer">Refaat Alareer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammam_Alloh" title="Hammam Alloh">Hammam Alloh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Nahida_and_Samar_Anton" title="Killing of Nahida and Samar Anton">Nahida and Samar Anton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_al-Astal" title="Ibrahim al-Astal">Ibrahim al-Astal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Bahar_(Palestinian_politician)" title="Ahmad Bahar (Palestinian politician)">Ahmad Bahar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Barakat_(footballer)" title="Mohammed Barakat (footballer)">Mohammed Barakat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Mohammad_Bhar" title="Killing of Mohammad Bhar">Mohammad Bhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_David_Ben_Avraham" title="Killing of David Ben Avraham">David Ben Avraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adnan_al-Bursh" title="Adnan al-Bursh">Adnan al-Bursh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_Dabour" title="Rashid Dabour">Rashid Dabour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_al-Dalou" title="Mohamed al-Dalou">Mohamed al-Dalou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awni_El-Dous" title="Awni El-Dous">Awni El-Dous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Ferwana" title="Omar Ferwana">Omar Ferwana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fathi_Ghaben" title="Fathi Ghaben">Fathi Ghaben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ihab_al-Ghussein" title="Ihab al-Ghussein">Ihab al-Ghussein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medo_Halimy" title="Medo Halimy">Medo Halimy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Sidra_Hassouna" title="Killing of Sidra Hassouna">Sidra Hassouna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Yazan_al-Kafarneh" title="Death of Yazan al-Kafarneh">Yazan al-Kafarneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Mohammad_Khdour" title="Killing of Mohammad Khdour">Mohammad Khdour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hani_Al-Masdar" title="Hani Al-Masdar">Hani Al-Masdar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Qusaya" title="Ibrahim Qusaya">Ibrahim Qusaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Hind_Rajab" title="Killing of Hind Rajab">Hind Rajab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Shabir" title="Mohammed Shabir">Mohammed Shabir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashad_Abu_Sakhila" title="Rashad Abu Sakhila">Rashad Abu Sakhila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Abu_Shawish" title="Omar Abu Shawish">Omar Abu Shawish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufian_Tayeh" title="Sufian Tayeh">Sufian Tayeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wael_Al_Zard" title="Wael Al Zard">Wael Al Zard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talal_Abu_Zarifa" title="Talal Abu Zarifa">Talal Abu Zarifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Shaban_al-Dalou" title="Killing of Shaban al-Dalou">Shaban al-Dalou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahasen_al-Khateeb" title="Mahasen al-Khateeb">Mahasen al-Khateeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagham_Abu_Samra" title="Nagham Abu Samra">Nagham Abu Samra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spillover</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saleh_al-Arouri" title="Saleh al-Arouri">Saleh al-Arouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Hussein_Barji" title="Ali Hussein Barji">Ali Hussein Barji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waibhav_Anil_Kale" title="Waibhav Anil Kale">Waibhav Anil Kale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razi_Mousavi" title="Razi Mousavi">Razi Mousavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wissam_al-Tawil" title="Wissam al-Tawil">Wissam al-Tawil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadegh_Omidzadeh" title="Sadegh Omidzadeh">Sadegh Omidzadeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mushtaq_Talib_Al-Saeedi" title="Mushtaq Talib Al-Saeedi">Mushtaq Talib Al-Saeedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Reza_Zahedi" title="Mohammad Reza Zahedi">Mohammad Reza Zahedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuad_Shukr" title="Fuad Shukr">Fuad Shukr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Aqil" title="Ibrahim Aqil">Ibrahim Aqil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_Nasrallah" title="Hassan Nasrallah">Hassan Nasrallah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Karaki" title="Ali Karaki">Ali Karaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabil_Qaouk" title="Nabil Qaouk">Nabil Qaouk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbas_Nilforoushan" title="Abbas Nilforoushan">Abbas Nilforoushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatah_Sharif" title="Fatah Sharif">Fatah Sharif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hashem_Safieddine" title="Hashem Safieddine">Hashem Safieddine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Afif" title="Mohammad Afif">Mohammad Afif</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_journalists_killed_in_the_Gaza_war" title="List of journalists killed in the Gaza war">Journalists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Issam_Abdallah" title="Issam Abdallah">Issam Abdallah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samer_Abu_Daqqa" title="Samer Abu Daqqa">Samer Abu Daqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ismail_al-Ghoul" title="Killing of Ismail al-Ghoul">Ismail al-Ghoul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belal_Jadallah" title="Belal Jadallah">Belal Jadallah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Children_in_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Children in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Children in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friendly_fire_during_the_Gaza_war" title="Friendly fire during the Gaza war">Friendly fire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Israelis</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sofie_Berzon_MacKie" title="Sofie Berzon MacKie">Sofie Berzon MacKie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batia_Holin" title="Batia Holin">Batia Holin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimrod_Aloni" title="Nimrod Aloni">Nimrod Aloni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Goldberg-Polin" title="Rachel Goldberg-Polin">Rachel Goldberg-Polin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Einav_Zangauker" title="Einav Zangauker">Einav Zangauker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yonatan_Shamriz" title="Yonatan Shamriz">Yonatan Shamriz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eitan_Okun" title="Eitan Okun">Eitan Okun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yagel_Oshri" title="Yagel Oshri">Yagel Oshri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inbal_Rabin-Lieberman" title="Inbal Rabin-Lieberman">Inbal Rabin-Lieberman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amir_Tibon" title="Amir Tibon">Amir Tibon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Palestinians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wael_Al-Dahdouh" title="Wael Al-Dahdouh">Wael Al-Dahdouh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plestia_Alaqad" title="Plestia Alaqad">Plestia Alaqad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motaz_Azaiza" title="Motaz Azaiza">Motaz Azaiza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisan_Owda" title="Bisan Owda">Bisan Owda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Moien_Ayyash" title="Mustafa Moien Ayyash">Mustafa Moien Ayyash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Israeli_secret_document_leak_scandal" title="2024 Israeli secret document leak scandal">2024 Israeli secret document leak scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Abdel_Khalek" title="Ahmed Abdel Khalek">Ahmed Abdel Khalek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Saqqa_House" title="Al-Saqqa House">Al-Saqqa House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Qarara_Cultural_Museum" title="Al Qarara Cultural Museum">Al Qarara Cultural Museum</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/All_Eyes_on_Rafah" title="All Eyes on Rafah">All Eyes on Rafah</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_US_bases_in_Iraq,_Jordan,_and_Syria_during_the_Gaza_war" title="Attacks on US bases in Iraq, Jordan, and Syria during the Gaza war">Attacks on US bases in Iraq, Jordan, and Syria during the Gaza war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockout_2024" title="Blockout 2024">Blockout 2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Archives_of_Gaza_City" title="Central Archives of Gaza City">Central Archives of Gaza City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bearing_Witness_(2023_film)" title="Bearing Witness (2023 film)">Bearing Witness</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/From_the_river_to_the_sea" title="From the river to the sea">From the river to the sea</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Daily" title="Gaza Daily">Gaza Daily</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Harbu_Darbu" title="Harbu Darbu">Harbu Darbu</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hind%27s_Hall" title="Hind's Hall">Hind's Hall</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hurricane_(Eden_Golan_song)" title="Hurricane (Eden Golan song)">Hurricane</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_demolition_of_Palestinian_property" title="Israeli demolition of Palestinian property">Israeli demolition of Palestinian property</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Leve_Palestina" title="Leve Palestina">Leve Palestina</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_exception" title="Palestine exception">Palestine exception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_sports_during_the_Israeli_invasion_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Palestinian sports during the Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip">Palestinian sports during the Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Options_for_a_policy_regarding_Gaza%27s_civilian_population" title="Options for a policy regarding Gaza's civilian population">Options for a policy regarding Gaza's civilian population</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Nimbus" title="Project Nimbus">Project Nimbus</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Rajieen" title="Rajieen">Rajieen</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Category:Israel–Hamas war">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Genocide153" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Genocide_navbox" title="Template:Genocide navbox"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Genocide_navbox" title="Template talk:Genocide navbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Genocide_navbox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Genocide navbox"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Genocide153" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">Genocide</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Genocides_in_history" title="Genocides in history">Genocides</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_genocides" title="List of genocides">list by death toll</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Before_1490105" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Genocides_in_history_(before_World_War_I)#Before_1490" title="Genocides in history (before World War I)">Before 1490</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Carthage_(Third_Punic_War)#146_BC" title="Siege of Carthage (Third Punic War)">Destruction of Carthage</a> (146 BCE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asiatic_Vespers" title="Asiatic Vespers">Asiatic Vespers</a> (88 BCE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallic_Wars" title="Gallic Wars">Gauls</a> (50s BCE) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eburones#Genocide_(53–51_BC)" title="Eburones">Eburones</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar_Kokhba_revolt" title="Bar Kokhba revolt">Bar Kokhba</a> (132–136)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocides_in_history_(before_World_War_I)#Ancestral_Puebloans" title="Genocides in history (before World War I)">Ancestral Puebloans</a> (800s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrying_of_the_North" title="Harrying of the North">Harrying of the North</a> (1069–1070)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destruction_under_the_Mongol_Empire" title="Destruction under the Mongol Empire">Mongol conquests</a> (1200s–1360s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albigensian_Crusade" title="Albigensian Crusade">Cathars</a> (1209–1229)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1311_massacre_of_Mongols_in_the_Delhi_Sultanate" title="1311 massacre of Mongols in the Delhi Sultanate">Mongols in the Delhi Sultanate</a> (1311)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timurid_conquests_and_invasions" title="Timurid conquests and invasions">Timur</a> (1393–1394)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_the_Canary_Islands" title="Conquest of the Canary Islands">Guanches</a> (1402–1496)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1490_to_1912107" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Genocides_in_history_(before_World_War_I)#1490_to_1914" title="Genocides in history (before World War I)">1490 to 1912</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ta%C3%ADno_genocide" title="Taíno genocide">Taíno</a> (1493–1550) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jaragua_massacre" title="Jaragua massacre">Jaragua massacre</a> (1503)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocides_in_history_(before_World_War_I)#Japanese_colonization_of_Hokkaido" title="Genocides in history (before World War I)">Ainu</a> (1500s–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_Indigenous_peoples_in_Brazil" title="Genocide of Indigenous peoples in Brazil">Indigenous peoples in Brazil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_at_the_11th_Parallel" title="Massacre at the 11th Parallel">11th Parallel massacre</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man_of_the_Hole" title="Man of the Hole">Tanaru</a> (1970s–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmet_massacre" title="Helmet massacre">Helmet massacre</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akuntsu" title="Akuntsu">Akuntsu</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haximu_massacre" title="Haximu massacre">Haximu</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanomami_humanitarian_crisis" title="Yanomami humanitarian crisis">Yanomami</a> (2019–2023)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Tenochtitlan" title="Fall of Tenochtitlan">Aztecs</a> (1521)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Kashmiri_Shias" title="Persecution of Kashmiri Shias">Kashmiri Shias</a> (1548–1872)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Bartholomew%27s_Day_massacre" title="St. Bartholomew's Day massacre">Huguenots</a> (1572)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalinago_genocide_of_1626" title="Kalinago genocide of 1626">Kalinago</a> (1626)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_genocide_in_the_United_States" title="Native American genocide in the United States">Indigenous peoples in the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pequot_War" title="Pequot War">Pequots</a> (1636–1638)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaver_Wars" title="Beaver Wars">Beaver Wars</a> (1609–1701) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genocides_in_history_(before_World_War_I)#Ontario" title="Genocides in history (before World War I)">Huron</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sullivan_Expedition" title="Sullivan Expedition">Sullivan Expedition</a> (1779)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_removal" title="Indian removal">Indian removal</a> (1830–1847)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trail_of_Tears" title="Trail of Tears">Trail of Tears</a> (1830–1850)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_genocide" title="California genocide">California</a> (1846–1873)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakota_War_of_1862" title="Dakota War of 1862">Dakota</a> (1862)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osage_Indian_murders" title="Osage Indian murders">Osage Indian murders</a> (1918–1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_genocide_in_the_United_States" title="Cultural genocide in the United States">Cultural genocide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_genocide_of_Indigenous_peoples" title="Canadian genocide of Indigenous peoples">Indigenous peoples in Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beaver_Wars" title="Beaver Wars">Beaver Wars</a> (1609–1701)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beothuk#Genocide" title="Beothuk">Beothuk</a> (1700s–1800s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Indian_residential_school_system" title="Canadian Indian residential school system">Residential school system</a> (1874–1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixties_Scoop" title="Sixties Scoop">Sixties Scoop</a> (1951–1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missing_and_Murdered_Indigenous_Women" title="Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women">Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmelnytsky_Uprising" title="Khmelnytsky Uprising">Jews in the Cossack Hetmanate</a> (1648–1657)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1740_Batavia_massacre" title="1740 Batavia massacre">1740 Batavia massacre</a> (1740)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Gypsy_Round-up" title="Great Gypsy Round-up">Great Gypsy Round-up</a> (1749)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzungar_genocide" title="Dzungar genocide">Dzungars</a> (1750s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebellion_of_T%C3%BApac_Amaru_II" title="Rebellion of Túpac Amaru II">Rebellion of Túpac Amaru II</a> (1780–1783)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chechen_genocide" title="Chechen genocide">Chechens</a> (1785–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1804_Haitian_massacre" title="1804 Haitian massacre">French Hatians</a> (1804)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_Indigenous_Australians" title="Genocide of Indigenous Australians">Indigenous peoples in Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_War" title="Black War">Black War</a> (1825–1832)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stolen_Generations" title="Stolen Generations">Stolen Generations</a> (1869–1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missing_and_Murdered_Indigenous_Women" title="Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women">Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacification_of_Algeria" title="Pacification of Algeria">Pacification of Algeria</a> (1830–1875) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_El_Ouffia" title="Massacre of El Ouffia">El Ouffia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_Salsipuedes" title="Massacre of Salsipuedes">Charrúa</a> (1831)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moriori_genocide" title="Moriori genocide">Moriori</a> (1835)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiping_Rebellion" title="Taiping Rebellion">Manchus</a> (1850–1864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassian_genocide" title="Circassian genocide">Circassians</a> (1860s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_the_Desert" title="Conquest of the Desert">Mapuche</a> (1870s–1884)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putumayo_genocide" title="Putumayo genocide">Indigenous peoples in Putumayo</a> (1879–1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atrocities_in_the_Congo_Free_State" title="Atrocities in the Congo Free State">Congolese</a> (1885–1908)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1888%E2%80%931893_Hazara_uprisings" class="mw-redirect" title="1888–1893 Hazara uprisings">Hazaras</a> (1888–1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selk%27nam_genocide" title="Selk'nam genocide">Selk'nam</a> (1890s–1900s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamidian_massacres" title="Hamidian massacres">Hamidian massacres</a> (1894–1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herero_and_Nama_genocide" title="Herero and Nama genocide">Herero and Nama</a> (1904–1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maji_Maji_Rebellion" title="Maji Maji Rebellion">Ukame</a> (1905–1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Muslims_during_the_Ottoman_contraction" title="Persecution of Muslims during the Ottoman contraction">Persecution of Muslims during the Ottoman contraction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Massacres_of_Albanians_in_the_Balkan_Wars" title="Massacres of Albanians in the Balkan Wars">Albanians in the Balkan Wars</a> (1912–1913)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1913_to_1945108" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Genocides_in_history_(World_War_I_through_World_War_II)" title="Genocides in history (World War I through World War II)">1913 to 1945</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Late_Ottoman_genocides" title="Late Ottoman genocides">Late Ottoman genocides</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_genocide" title="Greek genocide">Greeks</a> (1913–1923) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontic_Greek_genocide" title="Pontic Greek genocide">Pontic Greeks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_the_Thracian_Bulgarians_in_1913" title="Destruction of the Thracian Bulgarians in 1913">Thracian Bulgarians</a> (1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayfo" title="Sayfo">Assyrians</a> (1915–1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide" title="Armenian genocide">Armenians</a> (1915–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_genocide_in_Diyarbekir" title="1915 genocide in Diyarbekir">Christians in Diyarbekir</a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deportations_of_Kurds_(1916%E2%80%931934)" title="Deportations of Kurds (1916–1934)">Kurds</a> (1916–1934)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_indigenous_peoples_in_Venezuela" title="Genocide of indigenous peoples in Venezuela">Indigenous peoples in Venezuela</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pemon_conflict" title="Pemon conflict">Pemon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asian_revolt_of_1916" title="Central Asian revolt of 1916">Kyrgyz</a> (1916–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogroms_during_the_Russian_Civil_War" title="Pogroms during the Russian Civil War">Jews during the Russian Civil War</a> (1917–1920) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_Terror_(Russia)" title="White Terror (Russia)">Russian White Terror</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De-Cossackization" title="De-Cossackization">Cossacks</a> (1919–1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_the_Ingrian_Finns" title="Genocide of the Ingrian Finns">Ingrian Finns</a> (1920s–1930s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1921%E2%80%931922_famine_in_Tatarstan" title="1921–1922 famine in Tatarstan">Volga Tatars and Germans</a> (1921–1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kant%C5%8D_Massacre" title="Kantō Massacre">Kantō Massacre</a> (1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napalp%C3%AD_massacre" title="Napalpí massacre">Napalpí massacre</a> (1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinder_der_Landstrasse" title="Kinder der Landstrasse">Kinder der Landstrasse</a> (1926–1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_war_crimes" title="Japanese war crimes">Japanese war crimes in the Pacific War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_Manchukuo" title="War crimes in Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a> (1931–1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Massacre" title="Nanjing Massacre">Nanjing Massacre</a> (1937–1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Alls_policy" title="Three Alls policy">Three Alls policy</a> (1940–1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sook_Ching" title="Sook Ching">Sook Ching</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanshitou_massacre" title="Nanshitou massacre">Nanshitou massacre</a> (1942–1945)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_genocide_(1929%E2%80%931934)" title="Libyan genocide (1929–1934)">Libyan Arabs</a> (1929–1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_famine_of_1930%E2%80%931933" title="Kazakh famine of 1930–1933">Kazakhs</a> (1930–1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Matanza" title="La Matanza">La Matanza</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holodomor" title="Holodomor">Holodomor</a> (1932–1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simele_massacre" title="Simele massacre">Simele massacre</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_Holocaust" title="Romani Holocaust">Romani Holocaust</a> (1935–1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Terror_(Spain)" title="White Terror (Spain)">Spanish White Terror</a> (1936–1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Operation_of_the_NKVD" title="Polish Operation of the NKVD">Polish Operation</a> (1937–1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dersim_massacre" title="Dersim massacre">Alevi Kurds</a> (1937–1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsley_massacre" title="Parsley massacre">Parsley massacre</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generalplan_Ost" title="Generalplan Ost">Generalplan Ost</a> (1939–1945) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_war_crimes_in_occupied_Poland_during_World_War_II" title="Nazi war crimes in occupied Poland during World War II">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Ostland" title="Reichskommissariat Ostland">Baltic lands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="The Holocaust in the Independent State of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Final_Solution_of_the_Czech_Question" title="Final Solution of the Czech Question">Czech lands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Ukraine" title="The Holocaust in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a> (1941–1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_atrocities_committed_against_Soviet_prisoners_of_war" title="German atrocities committed against Soviet prisoners of war">German atrocities committed against Soviet POWs</a> (1941–1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_Serbs_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia">Serbs in Croatia</a> (1941–1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chetnik_war_crimes_in_World_War_II" title="Chetnik war crimes in World War II">Muslims and Croats in Serbia</a> (1941–1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacres_of_Poles_in_Volhynia_and_Eastern_Galicia" title="Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia">Volhynian and Eastern Galician Poles</a> (1943–1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deportation_of_the_Chechens_and_Ingush" title="Deportation of the Chechens and Ingush">Chechens and Ingush</a> (1944–1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deportation_of_the_Crimean_Tatars" title="Deportation of the Crimean Tatars">Crimean Tatars</a> (1944–1948)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1946_to_199988" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Genocides_in_history_(1946_to_1999)" title="Genocides in history (1946 to 1999)">1946 to 1999</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_massacres" title="Hyderabad massacres">Hyderabadi Muslims</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_Indigenous_peoples_in_Paraguay" title="Genocide of Indigenous peoples in Paraguay">Indigenous peoples in Paraguay</a> (1956–1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemalan_genocide" title="Guatemalan genocide">Maya</a> (1962–1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_Arabs_during_the_Zanzibar_Revolution" title="Massacre of Arabs during the Zanzibar Revolution">Arab and Indian Zanzibaris</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_anti-Igbo_pogrom" title="1966 anti-Igbo pogrom">1966 anti-Igbo pogrom</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocides_in_history_(1946_to_1999)#Biafra_(1966–1970)" title="Genocides in history (1946 to 1999)">Biafra</a> (1966–1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Feyli_Kurds_under_Saddam_Hussein" title="Persecution of Feyli Kurds under Saddam Hussein">Feyli Kurds</a> (1970–2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_genocide" title="Bangladesh genocide">Bangladesh</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocides_in_history_(1946_to_1999)#Idi_Amin's_regime" title="Genocides in history (1946 to 1999)">Acholi and Lango</a> (1972–1979)</li> <li>Burundi <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ikiza" title="Ikiza">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_ethnic_violence_in_Burundi" title="1993 ethnic violence in Burundi">1993</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Timor_genocide" title="East Timor genocide">East Timor</a> (1974–1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_genocide" title="Cambodian genocide">Cambodian</a> (1975–1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittagong_Hill_Tracts_conflict" title="Chittagong Hill Tracts conflict">Jummas</a> (1977–1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atrocity_crimes_in_the_Soviet-Afghan_War" title="Atrocity crimes in the Soviet-Afghan War">Atrocity crimes in the Soviet-Afghan War</a> (1979–1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocides_in_history_(1946_to_1999)#Bush_War_(1981–1985)" title="Genocides in history (1946 to 1999)">Baganda</a> (1981–1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabra_and_Shatila_massacre" title="Sabra and Shatila massacre">Sabra and Shatila massacre</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_genocide" title="Tamil genocide">Sri Lankan Tamils</a> (1983–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gukurahundi" title="Gukurahundi">Gukurahundi</a> (1983–1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anfal_campaign" title="Anfal campaign">Anfal</a> (1986–1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaaq_genocide" title="Isaaq genocide">Isaaq</a> (1987–1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Population_Program" title="National Population Program">National Population Program</a> (1987–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amhara_genocide" class="mw-redirect" title="Amhara genocide">Amhara</a> (1990–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draining_of_the_Mesopotamian_Marshes" title="Draining of the Mesopotamian Marshes">Ahwaris</a> (1991–2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_genocide" title="Bosnian genocide">Bosnian</a> (1992–1995) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Srebrenica_massacre" title="Srebrenica massacre">Srebrenica massacre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwandan_genocide" title="Rwandan genocide">Rwandan</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacres_of_Hutus_during_the_First_Congo_War" title="Massacres of Hutus during the First Congo War">Hutus during the First Congo War</a> (1996–1997)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="21st_century88" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Genocides_in_history_(21st_century)" title="Genocides in history (21st century)">21st century</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Effacer_le_tableau" title="Effacer le tableau">Effacer le tableau</a> (2002–2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darfur_genocide" title="Darfur genocide">Darfur</a> (2003–) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Masalit_massacres_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Masalit massacres (2023–present)">Masalit massacres</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide_in_Tigray" title="Genocide in Tigray">Tigrayans, Kunamas, and Irobs</a> (2003–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Kaduna_genocide" title="Southern Kaduna genocide">Southern Kaduna</a> (2011–2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Turkmen_genocide" title="Iraqi Turkmen genocide">Iraqi Turkmen</a> (2014–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazidi_genocide" title="Yazidi genocide">Yazidis</a> (2014–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Shias_by_the_Islamic_State" title="Persecution of Shias by the Islamic State">Shias under ISIS</a> (2014–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_by_the_Islamic_State" title="Persecution of Christians by the Islamic State">Christians under ISIS</a> (2014–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohingya_genocide" title="Rohingya genocide">Rohingyas, Kachins, and Burmese Muslims</a> (2017–)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gazans</a> (2023–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_genocide" title="Cultural genocide">Cultural genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democide" title="Democide">Democide</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autogenocide" class="mw-redirect" title="Autogenocide">Autogenocide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domicide" title="Domicide">Domicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecocide#Genocide" title="Ecocide">Ecocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnocide" title="Ethnocide">Ethnocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenics" title="Eugenics">Eugenics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendercide" title="Gendercide">Gendercide</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Androcide" title="Androcide">Androcide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_genocide" title="Transgender genocide">Transgender genocide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_indigenous_peoples" title="Genocide of indigenous peoples">Genocide of indigenous peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memoricide" title="Memoricide">Memoricide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Policide" title="Policide">Policide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_cleansing_of_population#Politicide" title="Political cleansing of population">Politicide</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classicide" title="Classicide">Classicide</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eliticide" title="Eliticide">Eliticide</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utilitarian_genocide" title="Utilitarian genocide">Utilitarian genocide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Methods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_genocide" title="Cultural genocide">Cultural genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_march" title="Death march">Death marches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_squad" title="Death squad">Death squades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing" title="Ethnic cleansing">Ethnic cleansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extermination_camp" title="Extermination camp">Extermination camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_adoption" title="Forced adoption">Forced adoption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_assimilation" title="Forced assimilation">Forced assimilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_conversion" title="Forced conversion">Forced conversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incitement_to_genocide" title="Incitement to genocide">Incitement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocidal_massacre" title="Genocidal massacre">Massacres</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_Fields" title="Killing Fields">Killing Fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom">Pogroms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_killing" title="Mass killing">Mass killing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocidal_rape" title="Genocidal rape">Rape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Settler_colonialism" title="Settler colonialism">Settler colonialism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Genocide_denial" title="Genocide denial">Denial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holocaust_denial" title="Holocaust denial">The Holocaust</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holocaust_trivialization" title="Holocaust trivialization">Trivialization</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide_denial" title="Armenian genocide denial">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_history_textbook_controversies" title="Japanese history textbook controversies">Japanese history textbook controversies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Massacre_denial" title="Nanjing Massacre denial">Nanjing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denial_of_the_genocide_of_Serbs_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Denial of the genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_genocide_denial" title="Bosnian genocide denial">Bosnian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwandan_genocide_denial" title="Rwandan genocide denial">Rwandan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holodomor_denial" title="Holodomor denial">Holodomor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_genocide_denial" title="Cambodian genocide denial">Cambodian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denial_of_atrocities_against_Indigenous_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Denial of atrocities against Indigenous peoples">Indigenous</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genocide_definitions" title="Genocide definitions">Definitions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_the_Holocaust" title="Names of the Holocaust">Names of the Holocaust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terminology_of_the_Armenian_genocide" title="Terminology of the Armenian genocide">Terminology of the Armenian genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Holocaust_terminology" title="Category:Holocaust terminology">Holocaust terminology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_parties_to_the_Genocide_Convention#Municipal_laws" title="List of parties to the Genocide Convention">Genocide law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide_prevention" title="Genocide prevention">Prevention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_genocide_on_youth" title="Effects of genocide on youth">Effects on young survivors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide_recognition_politics" title="Genocide recognition politics">Politics of recognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide_justification" title="Genocide justification">Justification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_killings_under_communist_regimes" title="Mass killings under communist regimes">Mass killings under communist regimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communist_mass_killings" title="Anti-communist mass killings">Anti-communist mass killings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legal proceedings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Holocaust_trials_(1943–2022)97" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Category:Holocaust_trials" title="Category:Holocaust trials">Holocaust trials</a> (1943–2022)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Krasnodar_Trial" title="Krasnodar Trial">Krasnodar trial</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharkov_Trial" title="Kharkov Trial">Kharkov trial</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89puration_l%C3%A9gale" title="Épuration légale">Épuration légale</a> (1944–1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majdanek_trials" title="Majdanek trials">Majdanek trials</a> (1944–1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Che%C5%82mno_trials" title="Chełmno trials">Chełmno trials</a> (1945–2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dachau_trials" title="Dachau trials">Dachau trials</a> (1945–1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belsen_trials" title="Belsen trials">Belsen trials</a> (1945–1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthanasia_trials" title="Euthanasia trials">Euthanasia trials</a> (1945–1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_trials" title="Nuremberg trials">Nuremberg trial</a> (1945–1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minsk_Trial" title="Minsk Trial">Minsk trial</a> (1945–1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riga_Trial" title="Riga Trial">Riga trial</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stutthof_trials" title="Stutthof trials">Stutthof trials</a> (1946–1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post%E2%80%93World_War_II_Romanian_war_crime_trials" title="Post–World War II Romanian war crime trials">Post–World War II Romanian war crime trials</a> (1946–1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_National_Tribunal" title="Supreme National Tribunal">Supreme National Tribunal</a> (1946–1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamburg_Ravensbr%C3%BCck_trials" title="Hamburg Ravensbrück trials">Hamburg Ravensbrück trials</a> (1946–1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subsequent_Nuremberg_trials" title="Subsequent Nuremberg trials">Nuremberg Military Tribunals</a> (1946–1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Erich_von_Manstein" title="Trial of Erich von Manstein">Erich von Manstein</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulm_Einsatzkommando_trial" title="Ulm Einsatzkommando trial">Ulm Einsatzkommando trial</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_trials_in_Soviet_Estonia" title="War crimes trials in Soviet Estonia">War crimes trials in Soviet Estonia</a> (1961–1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eichmann_trial" title="Eichmann trial">Eichmann trial</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belzec_trial" title="Belzec trial">Belzec trial</a> (1963–1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Auschwitz_trials" title="Frankfurt Auschwitz trials">Frankfurt Auschwitz trials</a> (1963–1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treblinka_trials" title="Treblinka trials">Treblinka trials</a> (1964–1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobibor_trial" title="Sobibor trial">Sobibor trial</a> (1965–1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feodor_Fedorenko#Soviet_trial_and_execution" title="Feodor Fedorenko">Fedorenko trial</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imre_Finta#War_crimes_prosecution" title="Imre Finta">Finta trial</a> (1994)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="20th_century48" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">20th century</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Mile_Budak" title="Trial of Mile Budak">Budak trial</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Military_Tribunal_for_the_Far_East" title="International Military Tribunal for the Far East">International Military Tribunal for the Far East</a> (1946–1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Mihailovi%C4%87_et_al." title="Trial of Mihailović et al.">Belgrade Process</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_War_Crimes_Tribunal" title="Nanjing War Crimes Tribunal">Nanjing War Crimes Tribunal</a> (1946–1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_genocide_case" title="Bosnian genocide case">Bosnian genocide case</a> (1993–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Tribunal_for_the_former_Yugoslavia" title="International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia">International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia</a> (1993–2017) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Slobodan_Milo%C5%A1evi%C4%87" title="Trial of Slobodan Milošević">Slobodan Milošević</a> (2002–2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Radovan_Karad%C5%BEi%C4%87" title="Trial of Radovan Karadžić">Radovan Karadžić</a> (2008–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Ratko_Mladi%C4%87" title="Trial of Ratko Mladić">Ratko Mladić</a> (2011–2017)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trials_of_the_Derg_members" title="Trials of the Derg members">Trials of the Derg members</a> (1994–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Tribunal_for_Rwanda" title="International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda">International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda</a> (1994–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_Rouge_Tribunal" title="Khmer Rouge Tribunal">Khmer Rouge Tribunal</a> (1997–2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia%E2%80%93Serbia_genocide_case" title="Croatia–Serbia genocide case">Croatia–Serbia genocide case</a> (1999–2015)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="21st_century48" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">21st century</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Darfur" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Darfur">International Criminal Court investigation in Darfur</a> (2005–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Peoples%27_Tribunal_on_Sri_Lanka" title="Permanent Peoples' Tribunal on Sri Lanka">Permanent Peoples' Tribunal on Sri Lanka</a> (2010–2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Crimes_Tribunal_(Bangladesh)" title="International Crimes Tribunal (Bangladesh)">International Crimes Tribunal of Bangladesh</a> (2012–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohingya_genocide_case" title="Rohingya genocide case">Rohingya genocide case</a> (2019–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Bangladesh/Myanmar" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Bangladesh/Myanmar">International Criminal Court investigation in Bangladesh/Myanmar</a> (2019–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Tribunal" title="Uyghur Tribunal">Uyghur Tribunal</a> (2020–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Ukraine" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Ukraine">International Criminal Court investigation in Ukraine</a> (2022–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_v._Russian_Federation_(2022)" title="Ukraine v. Russian Federation (2022)">Ukraine v. Russian Federation</a> (2022–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa%27s_genocide_case_against_Israel" title="South Africa's genocide case against Israel">South Africa v. Israel</a> (2023–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_for_Children_International_%E2%80%93_Palestine_et_al_v._Biden_et_al" title="Defense for Children International – Palestine et al v. Biden et al">Defense for Children International – Palestine et al v. Biden et al</a> (2023–2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua_v._Germany" title="Nicaragua v. Germany">Nicaragua v. Germany</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Massacres_against_Palestinians34" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Massacres_against_Palestinians" title="Template:Massacres against Palestinians"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li 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al-Zeitun</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Shusha_massacre" title="Abu Shusha massacre">Abu Shusha</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Kabri_massacre" title="Al-Kabri massacre">Al-Kabri</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_expulsion_from_Lydda_and_Ramle#Lydda_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 Palestinian expulsion from Lydda and Ramle">Lydda</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Dawayima_massacre" title="Al-Dawayima massacre">Al-Dawayima</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tantura_massacre" title="Tantura massacre">Tantura</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safsaf_massacre" title="Safsaf massacre">Safsaf</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saliha#1948_war_and_aftermath" title="Saliha">Saliha</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eilabun_massacre" title="Eilabun massacre">Eilabun</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_al-Mawasi_massacre" title="Arab al-Mawasi massacre">Arab al-Mawasi</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%27sa%27_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Sa'sa' Massacre">Sa'sa'</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qibya_massacre" title="Qibya massacre">Qibya</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Qasim_massacre" title="Kafr Qasim massacre">Kafr Qasim</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_Yunis_massacre" title="Khan Yunis massacre">Khan Yunis</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Rafah_massacre" title="1956 Rafah massacre">Rafah</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_Beirut_bus_massacre" title="1975 Beirut bus massacre">Beirut</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karantina_massacre" title="Karantina massacre">Karantina</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_al-Zaatar_massacre" title="Tel al-Zaatar massacre">Tel al-Zaatar</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabra_and_Shatila_massacre" title="Sabra and Shatila massacre">Sabra and Shatila</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ami_Popper" title="Ami Popper">Oyoun Qara</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_the_Patriarchs_massacre" title="Cave of the Patriarchs massacre">Cave of the 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</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6cc877bdc-7jgtb","wgBackendResponseTime":227,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"8.179","walltime":"8.664","ppvisitednodes":{"value":72397,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":1961083,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":62293,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":21,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":42,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":2041444,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 7390.266 1 -total"," 32.30% 2386.839 420 Template:Cite_news"," 22.42% 1656.584 551 Template:Sfn"," 14.19% 1048.642 2 Template:Reflist"," 10.23% 756.253 135 Template:Cite_web"," 7.24% 535.183 2 Template:Infobox"," 7.15% 528.152 1 Template:Infobox_civilian_attack"," 5.88% 434.584 66 Template:Cite_journal"," 3.13% 231.298 29 Template:Bulleted_list"," 3.03% 224.078 42 Template:Cite_magazine"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"5.617","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":23189345,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"Academic_discourse\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREF\u0026quot;Public_Statement:_Scholars_Warn\u0026quot;2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAJLabs2025\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFANSA_Editorial2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAP_News2023a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAbdo2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAbdul2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAbdulKarimAdnan2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAbdulrahim2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAbraham2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAbulhawa2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAckerman2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAddameer2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAdlerNajjar2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAdlerQuillen2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAdlerUras2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAgencia_de_Información_Paraguaya2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAghaEssonGriffithsJoronen2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAharon2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAhmed2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAhram_Online2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAikman2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAl-Haq2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAl-Haq_et_al.2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAl-Khalidi2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAl-Mughrabi2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAl_Jazeera2023a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAl_Jazeera2023b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAl_Jazeera2023c\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAl_Jazeera2023d\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAl_Jazeera2023e\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAl_Jazeera2023f\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAl_Jazeera2023g\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAl_Jazeera2023h\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAl_Jazeera2024a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAl_Jazeera2024b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAl_Jazeera2024c\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAl_Jazeera2024d\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAl_Jazeera2024e\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAl_Jazeera2024f\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAl_Jazeera2024g\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAl_Jazeera2024h\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAl_Jazeera2024i\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAl_Jazeera2024j\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAl_Jazeera2024k\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAl_Nassim2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAlam2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAlbanese2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAlexander2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAlfonseca2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAlkhouri2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAlsaafinOsgood2024a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAlsaafinOsgood2024b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAlsaafinSiddiqui2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAmnesty_International2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAmnesty_International_report2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAngel2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAntonio2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFArab_News2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFArab_News2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAsharq_Al-Awsat2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAssi2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAudeh2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAyyash2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFB\u0026#039;Tselem2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFB\u0026#039;Tselem2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBBC_News2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBacallao2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBaisalov2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBaker2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBalmer2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarghouti2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarnett2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBartov2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBartov2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBashir2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBastaki2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBasu2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBateman2024a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBateman2024b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBeaklini2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBeauchamp2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBeaumontBurke2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBen-NaftaliDiamondShofty2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBennett2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBerg2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBergerHarb2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBergmanZitun2024a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBergmanZitun2024b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBigg2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBishara2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBob2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBoffey2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBoisen2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBolton2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBorger2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBorgerRoth2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBou2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBouranova2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBowen2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrawn2024a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrawn2024b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBreeden2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrown2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrownGang2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrowne2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBurga2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBurke2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBurnettFoxShapiro2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBuschekChristophKalischKollig2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBuxbaum2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBybelezer2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCBC2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCBC2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarl2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCasciani2024a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCasciani2024b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCecil2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChacar2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChao-FongBelamAhmad2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClayton2024a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClayton2024b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCoghill2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCohen2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCohenShani2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCohenShany2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFColchen2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCommonspace2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCondonCondonHarrisStanton2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFConley2024a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFConley2024b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCook2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCook2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCordall2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCordallPedrosa2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCorder2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCorderFederman2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCourty2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCuban_Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCurrie2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDa_Silva2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDawn2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDebre2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDebreShurafa2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDemirjian2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDevereux2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDi-Capua2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDonoghue2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDoucet2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDunkelgrün2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDyer2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDyer2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFECCHR2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEaton2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEbrahim2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEbrahim2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEl-Affendi2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEl-Affendi2024b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEl_Abdallah2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEl_Chamaa2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEl_Deeb2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEl_Deeb2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEuro-Med_Human_Rights_Monitor2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEuro-Med_Human_Rights_Monitor2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEwe2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFabian2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFaddoulShannonAsgharBoukari2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFaiolaMasih2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFassin2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFayyad2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFedermanAdwan2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFerguson2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFeroz2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFerrer2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFink2025\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFisher2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFForbes_Breaking_News2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFForensic_Architecture2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFossum2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFoulkes2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrance_242024a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrance_242024b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrankel2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrankfurter_Rundschau2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrilingJockuschSteir-LivnyPatt2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGV_Wire2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGarrity2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGarryChecchi2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGaza_Healthcare_Letters2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGeller2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGeneva_Declaration_Secretariat2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGessen2023a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGessen2023b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGessen2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGjevori2025\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoldberg2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoldbergBlatman2025a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoldbergBlatman2025b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoldenberg2024a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoldenberg2024b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGostinGoodwin2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGraham-Harrison2024a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGraham-Harrison2024b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGraham-HarrisonBorger2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGraham-HarrisonKierszenbaum2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGroves2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGuillotDraidiCetorelliMonteiro_Da_Silva2025\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGumrukcuKarakas2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGurmendi_Dunkelberg2025\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGvaryahu2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHaaretz2024a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHaaretz2024b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHaigh2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHains2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHanbaliKwongNeilsonSmith2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHanif2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHanson2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHaque2024a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHaque2024b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarb2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarb2024a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarb2024b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarbOsgood2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHausdorff2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHermannKaplan2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHillyardSmith2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHolmes2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHooper2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHortonSardarizadehDurbin2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoughtaling2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHubler2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHuman_Rights_Watch2024a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHuman_Rights_Watch2024b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHurst2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHurwitz2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHutzlerPeller2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHuynhChinSpiegel2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIasimone2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFInfobae2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFInternational_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFInternational_State_Crime_Initiative2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIoanes2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIrwin2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIvison2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJamal2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJamaluddineAbukmailAlyCampbell2025\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJamshidi2024a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJamshidi2024b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJay2025\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJerusalem_Post_Staff2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJewish_Voice_for_Peace2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJimoh2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohnson2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohnson2024a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohnson2024b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJones2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaneCohenShamirScher2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKansaraNour2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKarsentiEhrenfreundChristHeurtin2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKashti2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKeeley2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKekatosBeaule2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKeller-Lynn2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKels2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKhadderHaq2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKhadderSalmanKourdiLockwood2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKhanTinua2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKhatibMcKeeYusuf2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKhouri2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKhwajaBellHadleyPrice2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKittrie2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKlein2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKlein2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKlein2025\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKomnenic2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKontorovich2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKottasováSalmanAlkhaldiBashir2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKrever2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKubovich2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKuras2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLakhani2024a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLakhani2024b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLakhaniNiranjan2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLanard2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLanard2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLapidot2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLarson2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLawless2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLazaroff2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLazaroff2024a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLazaroff2024b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLe_Bars2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeahy2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLebovic2025\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLederman2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLerman2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLevene2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLevitz2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLi2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLis2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLitvin2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLloyd2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLuban2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLuciano2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLurie-Pardes2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLynchTelhami2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMacRedmond2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMack2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMackenzieLubell2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMagdy2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMagdyShurafaKullab2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMagid2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMagidSharon2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMahdawi2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMahomed2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMalsinShah2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaltz2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFManducaRothchildMeyers2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMansoor2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarinWest2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarsh2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarsi2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarsiMohamed2024a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarsiMohamed2024b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarsiSiddiqui2024a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarsiSiddiqui2024b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarsiSiddiqui2024c\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarsiSiddiquiMotamedi2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarsiVarshalomidzeHarbOsgood2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarsudi2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMasarwaOsman2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMassoudFick2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMatar2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMauritanian_News_Agency2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaçãesLevy2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcCann_Ramirez2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcDoom2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcGeePowerLeahy2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcGreal2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcKernan2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcKernanKierszenbaum2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcKernanMichaelsonGraham-HarrisonKierszenbaum2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMeakem2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMeara2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMedia_Matters_Staff2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMerzouguiRashed2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMhajne2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMiddle_East_Monitor2025\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMiddle_East_Studies_Association2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMitchell2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMitrovica2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMitrovica2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoallem2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMohamedNajjarStepansky2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMohamedSiddiqui2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMohamedStepanskyNajjar2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMohyeldin2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMonks2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoollaJacub2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoormanRobinson2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorris2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorris2025\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoses2023a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoses2023b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoses2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMotamediSiddiqui2024a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMotamediSiddiqui2024b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoutafa2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMraffko2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMédecins_Sans_Frontières2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMédecins_Sans_Frontières2024a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMédecins_Sans_Frontières2024b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMédecins_Sans_Frontières2024c\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNagarajan2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNajjarStepansky2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNarea2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNareaSamuel2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNashedCordall2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNebehay2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNetanyahu2023a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNetanyahu2023b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNeumanBabaWood2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNews_Wires2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNichols2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNorsk_Telegrambyrå2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOHCHR2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOHCHR2024a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOHCHR2024b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOHCHR2024c\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOHCHR2024d\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOHCHR2024e\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOHCHR2024f\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFObermaier2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOltermann2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOtten2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOtten2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOxfam2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPacchiani2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPenna2023a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPenna2023b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPercival2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPerryMcDowall2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPichetaKhadderRebaneZabadne2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPolglaseMahmoodMezzofiore2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPopli2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPorras2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPowerRasheedUras2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPreston2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPrime_Minister_of_St._Vincent_and_the_Grenadines2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFProthero2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPulido2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPullella2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPulverShoard2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPuzzanghera2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFQuigley2024a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFQuigley2024b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFQuillenUrasMarsi2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFQutami2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRTVE2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRapoport2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRasgon2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReid2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReuters2023a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReuters2023b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReuters2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRhoden-Paul2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRiashMarsi2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRifai2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoelfSterling2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRomo2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRosenbaum2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRosenberg2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRosensaft2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRothHuff2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRothwell2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRowlandsRasheedAdlerKhalid2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRueda2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRuhr-Universität_Bochum2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRust2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRémy2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSaab2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSaber2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSafi2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSalam_E.2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSalam_Y.2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSalmanKhadder2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSalzenstein2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSamudzi2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSamuel2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSamuels2024a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSamuels2024b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSankar2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSansour2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSaric2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSathar2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSave_the_Children2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSave_the_Children2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSawaftaFick2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScahillGrim2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchaer2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchaer2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchenker2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchifrinSagalynKopelevWarsi2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchneiderHaberkornStokols2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchwarz2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSecurity_Council_Report2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSegal2023a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSegal2023b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSegal2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSegalDaniele2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSegalGreen2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShamim2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShankar2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSharma_G.2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSharma_V.2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSharon2024\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFSharonMagid2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSharp2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShaw2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShaw2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShawer2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSherlock2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShmilovitz2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShotterRalph2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShpigel2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShpigel2025\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSiddique2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSiddiqui2024a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSiddiqui2024b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSiddiquiPietromarchiQuillen2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSiddiquiStepansky2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSimonPeralta2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSimons2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSingh2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSirleaf2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSky_News2025\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmithMcCarthyLondoñoJordan2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSomalian_Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSoni2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSoni2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSorek2025\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSpagat2024a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSpagat2024b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSperi2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSprusansky2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSridhar2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSridhar2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStacey2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStackShbair2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStamatopoulou-Robbins2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStein2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSteinke2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStern2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSultany2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTan2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTanielian2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTanteshGraham-Harrison2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTaub2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_Guardian_Staff2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_Herald2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_Jerusalem_Post2024a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_Jerusalem_Post2024b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_Jerusalem_Post2024c\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_New_Arab2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_New_York_Times2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_Palestine_Chronicle2024a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_Palestine_Chronicle2024b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_Peninsula_Qatar2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_St._Kitts-Nevis_Observer2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThomas2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThunberg2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTico_Times2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTondo2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTraverso2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTétrault-Farber2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUNHR2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUNRWA2025\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUN_News2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUN_OCHA2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUnited_Nations2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUnited_Nations_in_Palestine2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVargas2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVaroufakis2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVarshalomidzeMotamedi2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVerdeja2025\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVerdélio2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVigdor2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWafa2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWalker_C.2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWalker_M.2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWalter2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWedesweiler2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWellsCortés-MoralesEssonHorgan2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhyte2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilson2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWintour2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWispelweyMillsAsiHammoudeh2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYeeMekayKershner2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYeni_Şafak_English2025\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZakaria2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZampano2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZarni2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZerrouky2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZitun2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFvan_den_Berg2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFvan_der_Merwe2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFÜngör2024\"] = 1,\n [\"ICJ-order-2024-01-26\"] = 1,\n [\"Legal_discourse\"] = 1,\n [\"Semerdjian2024a\"] = 1,\n [\"Semerdjian2024b\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 5,\n [\"'\\\"\"] = 1,\n [\"About\"] = 1,\n [\"Anchor\"] = 1,\n [\"Bulleted list\"] = 29,\n [\"Campaignbox Gaza war\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite interview\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 66,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 42,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 420,\n [\"Cite press release\"] = 5,\n [\"Cite report\"] = 11,\n [\"Cite speech\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 135,\n [\"Convert\"] = 1,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 14,\n [\"End div col\"] = 1,\n [\"External media\"] = 1,\n [\"Flag\"] = 52,\n [\"Further\"] = 1,\n [\"Gaza war\"] = 1,\n [\"Genocide navbox\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvid\"] = 166,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 154,\n [\"Ill\"] = 4,\n [\"Infobox civilian attack\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 6,\n [\"Langx\"] = 1,\n [\"Legend\"] = 9,\n [\"Main\"] = 8,\n [\"Massacres against Palestinians\"] = 1,\n [\"Maybe\"] = 1,\n [\"Mw-datatable\"] = 1,\n [\"Nbsp\"] = 4,\n [\"No\"] = 7,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Operational\"] = 4,\n [\"Page needed\"] = 3,\n [\"Portalbar\"] = 1,\n [\"Protection padlock\"] = 1,\n [\"Quote\"] = 1,\n [\"Redirect\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 2,\n [\"Refend\"] = 2,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 8,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 551,\n [\"SfnRef\"] = 1,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Start date\"] = 1,\n [\"Sticky table end\"] = 1,\n [\"Sticky table start\"] = 1,\n [\"Use British English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikicite\"] = 1,\n [\"Yes\"] = 40,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\nmultiple targets (2×): CITEREFSharon2024\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","940","15.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","680","11.4"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","680","11.4"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","400","6.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","380","6.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","300","5.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","280","4.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::sub","220","3.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","140","2.4"],["type","140","2.4"],["[others]","1780","30.0"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-6cc877bdc-g5nxz","timestamp":"20250226043022","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Gaza genocide","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gaza_genocide","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q124086054","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q124086054","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2023-12-29T01:19:21Z","dateModified":"2025-02-26T03:38:05Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/8\/82\/Damage_in_Gaza_Strip_during_the_October_2023_-_36.jpg","headline":"Genocide against the Palestinians during the invasion and bombing of the Gaza Strip in Israel's ongoing war with Hamas"}</script> </body> </html>