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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subgroups_of_Hausa_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subgroups_of_Hausa_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Subgroups of Hausa people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subgroups_of_Hausa_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genetics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genetics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Genetics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genetics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clothing_and_accessories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clothing_and_accessories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Clothing and accessories</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clothing_and_accessories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dambe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dambe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5.1</span> <span>Dambe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dambe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Food" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Food"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Food</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Food-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hausa_symbolism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hausa_symbolism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.8</span> <span>Hausa symbolism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hausa_symbolism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hausa people</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 61 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-61" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">61 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausa_(volk)" title="Hausa (volk) – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Hausa (volk)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="هوسا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هوسا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Хауса – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хауса" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausses" title="Hausses – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hausses" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausov%C3%A9" title="Hausové – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hausové" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vahausa" title="Vahausa – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Vahausa" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gb%C9%9Bngb%C9%9B%C9%A3u" title="Gbɛngbɛɣu – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Gbɛngbɛɣu" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausa" title="Hausa – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hausa" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausa_(Volk)" title="Hausa (Volk) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hausa (Volk)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%AC%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Χάουσα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χάουσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pueblo_hausa" title="Pueblo hausa – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pueblo hausa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ha%C5%ADsoj" title="Haŭsoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Haŭsoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausa_(etnia)" title="Hausa (etnia) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hausa (etnia)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%85_%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%87" title="مردم هوسه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مردم هوسه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haoussas" title="Haoussas – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Haoussas" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausa" title="Hausa – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Hausa" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%98%EC%9A%B0%EC%82%AC%EC%9D%B8" title="하우사인 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="하우사인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausawa" title="Hausawa – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Hausawa" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97" title="हाउसा लोग – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हाउसा लोग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausa" title="Hausa – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hausa" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndi_Ha%E1%BB%A5sa" title="Ndi Haụsa – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ndi Haụsa" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Hausa" title="Orang Hausa – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Orang Hausa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausa_(popolo)" title="Hausa (popolo) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Hausa (popolo)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%94_(%D7%A7%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%94_%D7%90%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA)" title="האוסה (קבוצה אתנית) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האוסה (קבוצה אתנית)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Хаусалар – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Хаусалар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahausa" title="Wahausa – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Wahausa" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Хаусалар – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Хаусалар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%93" title="Хаусавлӓ – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Хаусавлӓ" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%8C" title="Хауса халкь – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Хауса халкь" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausa_(Vollek)" title="Hausa (Vollek) – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Hausa (Vollek)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausai" title="Hausai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Hausai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausz%C3%A1k" title="Hauszák – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hauszák" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haosa_(vahoaka)" title="Haosa (vahoaka) – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Haosa (vahoaka)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%87" title="هوساوه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هوساوه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Hausa" title="Orang Hausa – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Orang Hausa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Хауса – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хауса" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcm mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausa_pipul" title="Hausa pipul – Nigerian Pidgin" lang="pcm" hreflang="pcm" data-title="Hausa pipul" data-language-autonym="Naijá" data-language-local-name="Nigerian Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Naijá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausa_(volk)" title="Hausa (volk) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hausa (volk)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%82%A6%E3%82%B5%E4%BA%BA" title="ハウサ人 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハウサ人" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausa_(folk)" title="Hausa (folk) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hausa (folk)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausafolk" title="Hausafolk – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hausafolk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hauss%C3%A0" title="Haussà – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Haussà" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xausa" title="Xausa – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Xausa" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausa" title="Hausa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hausa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hau%C3%A7%C3%A1s" title="Hauçás – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hauçás" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausa_(etnie)" title="Hausa (etnie) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Hausa (etnie)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0_(%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Хауса (народ) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хауса (народ)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausa_people" title="Hausa people – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hausa people" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausa" title="Hausa – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Hausa" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausa" title="Hausa – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Hausa" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausa" title="Hausa – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hausa" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausat" title="Hausat – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hausat" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausa_(folk)" title="Hausa (folk) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hausa (folk)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausalar" title="Hausalar – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hausalar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CC%B1kpat" title="A̱kpat – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="A̱kpat" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Хауса – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хауса" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_Hausa" title="Người Hausa – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Người Hausa" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BB%8Cm%E1%BB%8D_Ha%C3%BAs%C3%A1" title="Ọmọ Haúsá – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ọmọ Haúsá" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group in West Africa</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Hausa</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above nickname" style="font-size:115%; font-weight:normal;"><div>مُتَنٜىٰنْ هَوْسَا / هَوْسَاوَا<br />Mutanen Hausa / Hausawa</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Hausa_people.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_Hausa_people.svg/300px-Flag_of_the_Hausa_people.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_Hausa_people.svg/450px-Flag_of_the_Hausa_people.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_Hausa_people.svg/600px-Flag_of_the_Hausa_people.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="675" data-file-height="450" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Hausa emblem<sup id="cite_ref-Flag_of_the_stateless_nations_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flag_of_the_stateless_nations-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hausa_ethnic_flag_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hausa_ethnic_flag-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is an older and traditionally established emblem of Hausa identity – the 'Dagin Arewa' or 'Northern knot' – in a star shape, used in historic and traditional architecture, design and hand-embroidery.<sup id="cite_ref-LoC_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LoC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-embr_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-embr-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">86 million</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></th><td class="infobox-data">71,000,000<sup id="cite_ref-Nigeria_CIA_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nigeria_CIA-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/18px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/27px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/35px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a></th><td class="infobox-data">13,800,000<sup id="cite_ref-CIA-2021-Niger_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-2021-Niger-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/23px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/35px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/45px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1,000,000<sup id="cite_ref-ethnologue.com_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ethnologue.com-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></th><td class="infobox-data">664,000<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></th><td class="infobox-data">400,000<sup id="cite_ref-PeopleGroups.org_–_Hausa_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PeopleGroups.org_–_Hausa-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></th><td class="infobox-data">275,000<sup id="cite_ref-Hau_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hau-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/23px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/35px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/45px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a></th><td class="infobox-data">36,360<sup id="cite_ref-Beninese_Culture_-_Haoussa_0.3%_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beninese_Culture_-_Haoussa_0.3%-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/46px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a></th><td class="infobox-data">30,000<sup id="cite_ref-auto3_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto3-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></th><td class="infobox-data">21,900<sup id="cite_ref-Hausa_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hausa-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/20px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/31px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/40px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a></th><td class="infobox-data">17,000<sup id="cite_ref-Gabon_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gabon-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hausa_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hausa-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></th><td class="infobox-data">12,000<sup id="cite_ref-ethnologue.com_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ethnologue.com-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Hausa_language" title="Hausa language">Hausa</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Other Chadic-speaking peoples, <a href="/wiki/Nilo-Saharans" class="mw-redirect" title="Nilo-Saharans">Nilo-Saharans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuareg_people" title="Tuareg people">Tuareg people</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Hausa</b> (<a href="/wiki/Endonym" class="mw-redirect" title="Endonym">autonyms</a> for singular: <b>Bahaushe</b> (<a href="/wiki/Male" title="Male">m</a>), <b>Bahaushiya</b> (<a href="/wiki/Female" title="Female">f</a>); plural: <b>Hausawa</b> and general: <b>Hausa</b>;<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Exonym" class="mw-redirect" title="Exonym">exonyms</a>: Ausa; <a href="/wiki/Ajami_script" title="Ajami script">Ajami</a>: <span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><span lang="ms-Arab" dir="rtl">مُتَنٜىٰنْ هَوْسَا / هَوْسَاوَا</span></span>) are a native ethnic group in <a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West Africa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They speak the <a href="/wiki/Hausa_language" title="Hausa language">Hausa language</a>, which is the second most spoken language after <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Afro-Asiatic_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Asiatic languages">Afro-Asiatic language</a> family.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Hausa are a culturally <a href="/wiki/Homogeneous" class="mw-redirect" title="Homogeneous">homogeneous</a> people based primarily in the <a href="/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel">Sahelian</a> and the sparse <a href="/wiki/Savanna" title="Savanna">savanna</a> areas of southern <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a> and northern <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> respectively,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> numbering around 86 million people, with significant populations in <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Hau_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hau-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as smaller populations in <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-auto3_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto3-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Equatorial_Guinea_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Equatorial_Guinea-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gambia" class="mw-redirect" title="Gambia">Gambia</a>. Predominantly Hausa-speaking communities are scattered throughout <a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West Africa</a> and on the traditional <a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Hajj</a> route north and east traversing the <a href="/wiki/Sahara" title="Sahara">Sahara</a>, with an especially large population in and around the town of <a href="/wiki/Agadez" title="Agadez">Agadez</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other Hausa have also moved to large coastal cities in the region such as <a href="/wiki/Lagos" title="Lagos">Lagos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Port_Harcourt" title="Port Harcourt">Port Harcourt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Accra" title="Accra">Accra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abidjan" title="Abidjan">Abidjan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Banjul" title="Banjul">Banjul</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cotonou" title="Cotonou">Cotonou</a> as well as to parts of North Africa such as <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> over the course of the last 500 years. The Hausa traditionally live in small villages as well as in precolonial towns and cities where they grow crops, raise livestock including <a href="/wiki/Cattle" title="Cattle">cattle</a> as well as engage in trade, both local and long distance across Africa. They speak the <a href="/wiki/Hausa_language" title="Hausa language">Hausa language</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Afro-Asiatic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Asiatic language">Afro-Asiatic language</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Chadic_languages" title="Chadic languages">Chadic</a> group. The Hausa aristocracy had historically developed an <a href="/wiki/Equestrianism" title="Equestrianism">equestrian</a> based culture.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Still a status symbol of the traditional nobility in Hausa society, the horse still features in the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_holidays" title="Islamic holidays">Eid</a> day celebrations, known as <i>Ranar Sallah</i> (in English: the Day of the Prayer).<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Daura" title="Daura">Daura</a> is the cultural center of the Hausa people. The town predates all the other major Hausa towns in tradition and culture.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Population_distribution">Population distribution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hausa_people&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Population distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Hausa have, in the last 500 years, criss-crossed the vast landscape of <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> in all its four corners for varieties of reasons ranging from <a href="/wiki/Military" title="Military">military</a> service,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> long-distance trade, hunting, performance of <a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">hajj</a>, fleeing from oppressive Hausa feudal kings as well as spreading Islam. </p><p>Because the vast majority of Hausas and Hausa speakers are Muslims, many attempted to embark on the Hajj pilgrimage, a requirement of all Muslims who are able. On the way to or back from the Hijaz region, many settled, often indigenizing to some degree. For example, many Hausa in Saudi Arabia identify as both Hausa and Afro-Arab.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Arab world, the surname "Hausawi" (alternatively spelled "Hawsawi") is an indicator of Hausa ancestry. </p><p>The homeland of Hausa people is Hausaland ("Kasar Hausa"), situated in Northern Nigeria and Southern Niger. However, Hausa people are found throughout Africa and Western Asia. Cambridge scholar Charles Henry Robinson wrote in the 1890s that "Settlements of Hausa-speaking people are to be found in Alexandria, Tripoli, [and] Tunis." </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="sidebar-pretitle" style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:69%; font-weight:normal;">Part of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:History_of_Northern_Nigeria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:History of Northern Nigeria (page does not exist)">a series</a> on the</div></th> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style=""><a href="/wiki/History_of_Northern_Nigeria" title="History of Northern Nigeria">History of <span class="fn org label">Northern Nigeria</span></a></th> </tr><tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Hausa_people.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Northern Nigeria"><img alt="Northern Nigeria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_Hausa_people.svg/140px-Flag_of_the_Hausa_people.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_Hausa_people.svg/210px-Flag_of_the_Hausa_people.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_Hausa_people.svg/280px-Flag_of_the_Hausa_people.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="675" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_Northern_Nigeria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timeline of Northern Nigeria (page does not exist)">Timeline</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist nowraplinks"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_Northern_Nigeria" title="Prehistory of Northern Nigeria">Prehistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hausa_Kingdoms" title="Hausa Kingdoms">Hausa States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwararafa" title="Kwararafa">Kwararafa Confederacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sokoto_Caliphate" title="Sokoto Caliphate">Sokoto Period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanem_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanem Empire">Kanem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bornu_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Bornu Empire">Bornu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-colonial_history_of_Northern_Nigeria" title="Pre-colonial history of Northern Nigeria">Pre-colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_history_of_Northern_Nigeria" title="Colonial history of Northern Nigeria">Colonial Period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Nigeria_Protectorate" title="Northern Nigeria Protectorate">Protectorate Period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Region,_Nigeria" title="Northern Region, Nigeria">1953–1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Nigerian_Republic" title="First Nigerian Republic">1963–1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Military_Council_of_Nigeria_(1966%E2%80%931979)" title="Supreme Military Council of Nigeria (1966–1979)">1966–1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Nigerian_Republic" title="Second Nigerian Republic">1979–1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Military_Council_of_Nigeria_(1983%E2%80%931985)" title="Supreme Military Council of Nigeria (1983–1985)">1983–1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Nigerian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1993 Nigerian coup d'état">1993–1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Nigerian_Republic" title="Fourth Nigerian Republic">1999–present</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">By ethnicity</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist nowraplinks"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hausa People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulani" class="mw-redirect" title="Fulani">Fulani People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanuri_people" title="Kanuri people">Kanuri People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nupe_people" title="Nupe people">Nupe People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igbirra" class="mw-redirect" title="Igbirra">Igbirra People</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">By topic</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist nowraplinks"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacification_of_Northern_Nigeria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pacification of Northern Nigeria (page does not exist)">Pacification of Northern Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cultural_history_of_Northern_Nigeria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cultural history of Northern Nigeria (page does not exist)">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demographic_history_of_Northern_Nigeria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Demographic history of Northern Nigeria (page does not exist)">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Northern_Nigerian_Diplomacy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of Northern Nigerian Diplomacy (page does not exist)">Diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Economic_history_of_Northern_Nigeria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Economic history of Northern Nigeria (page does not exist)">Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Historiography_of_Northern_Nigeria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Historiography of Northern Nigeria (page does not exist)">Historiography</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_medicine_in_Northern_Nigeria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of medicine in Northern Nigeria (page does not exist)">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_history_of_Northern_Nigeria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Military history of Northern Nigeria (page does not exist)">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_women_in_Northern_Nigeria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of women in Northern Nigeria (page does not exist)">Women</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">By state</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist nowraplinks"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adamawa_Emirate" title="Adamawa Emirate">Adamawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bauchi_State" title="Bauchi State">Bauchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benue_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Benue state">Benue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borno_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Borno state">Borno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gombe_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Gombe state">Gombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jigawa_State" title="Jigawa State">Jigawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaduna_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaduna state">Kaduna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kano_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Kano state">Kano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Katsina" title="History of Katsina">Katsina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kebbi_Emirate" title="Kebbi Emirate">Kebbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kogi_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Kogi state">Kogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwara_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Kwara state">Kwara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nassarawa_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Nassarawa state">Nassarawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger_State" title="Niger State">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plateau_State" title="Plateau State">Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sokoto_State" title="Sokoto State">Sokoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taraba_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Taraba state">Taraba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yobe_State" title="Yobe State">Yobe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Zamfara" title="History of Zamfara">Zamfara</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Northern_Nigeria" title="Template:History of Northern Nigeria"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Northern_Nigeria" title="Template talk:History of Northern Nigeria"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Northern_Nigeria" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Northern Nigeria"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The table below shows Hausa ethnic population distribution by country of <a href="/wiki/Indigenization" title="Indigenization">indigenization</a>, outside of <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> and Niger:<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Country</th> <th>Population </th></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="Ivory Coast"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/23px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/35px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/45px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></span> </td> <td style="background:#c0c0ff; text-align:right;">835,000<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="Sudan"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></span> </td> <td style="background:#c0c0ff; text-align:right;">664,000<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="Cameroon"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></span> </td> <td style="background:#c0c0ff; text-align:right;">400,000<sup id="cite_ref-PeopleGroups.org_–_Hausa_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PeopleGroups.org_–_Hausa-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="Chad"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a></span> </td> <td style="background:#c0c0ff; text-align:right;">287,000<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="Ghana"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></span> </td> <td style="background:#c0c0ff; text-align:right;">281,000<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="Central African Republic"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></span> </td> <td style="background:#c0c0ff; text-align:right;">33,000<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="Eritrea"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/46px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a></span> </td> <td style="background:#c0c0ff; text-align:right;">30,000<sup id="cite_ref-auto3_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto3-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="Benin"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/23px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/35px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/45px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a></span> </td> <td style="background:#c0c0ff; text-align:right;">36,360<sup id="cite_ref-Beninese_Culture_-_Haoussa_0.3%_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beninese_Culture_-_Haoussa_0.3%-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="Equatorial Guinea"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/45px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></span> </td> <td style="background:#c0c0ff; text-align:right;">26,000<sup id="cite_ref-Equatorial_Guinea_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Equatorial_Guinea-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="Togo"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></span> </td> <td style="background:#c0c0ff; text-align:right;">21,000<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="Congo"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Republic of the Congo">Congo</a></span> </td> <td style="background:#c0c0ff; text-align:right;">12,000<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="Gabon"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/20px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/31px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/40px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a></span> </td> <td style="background:#c0c0ff; text-align:right;">17,000<sup id="cite_ref-Gabon_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gabon-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="Algeria"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></span> </td> <td style="background:#c0c0ff; text-align:right;">11,000<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="Gambia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/23px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/35px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/45px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">Gambia</a></span> </td> <td style="background:#c0c0ff; text-align:right;">10,000<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hausa_people&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Daura" title="Daura">Daura</a>, in northern <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>, is the oldest city of <a href="/wiki/Hausaland" class="mw-redirect" title="Hausaland">Hausaland</a>. The Hausa of <a href="/wiki/Gobir" title="Gobir">Gobir</a>, also in northern Nigeria, speak the oldest surviving classical vernacular of the <a href="/wiki/Hausa_language" title="Hausa language">language</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historically, Katsina was the centre of Hausa <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamic</a> scholarship but was later replaced by Sokoto stemming from the 19th century Usman Dan Fodio Islamic reform.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Photo1906_courtyard_of_Sultans_palace_Zinder.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Photo1906_courtyard_of_Sultans_palace_Zinder.jpg/300px-Photo1906_courtyard_of_Sultans_palace_Zinder.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Photo1906_courtyard_of_Sultans_palace_Zinder.jpg/450px-Photo1906_courtyard_of_Sultans_palace_Zinder.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Photo1906_courtyard_of_Sultans_palace_Zinder.jpg 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="354" /></a><figcaption>Photo of Sultan of <a href="/wiki/Zinder" title="Zinder">Zinder</a>'s palace courtyard, 1906.</figcaption></figure><p>The Hausa are culturally and historically closest to other <a href="/wiki/Sahelian" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahelian">Sahelian</a> ethnic groups, primarily the <a href="/wiki/Fula_people" title="Fula people">Fula</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Zarma_people" title="Zarma people">Zarma</a> and <a href="/wiki/Songhai_people" title="Songhai people">Songhai</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Tillabery" class="mw-redirect" title="Tillabery">Tillabery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tahoua" title="Tahoua">Tahoua</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dosso_Kingdom" title="Dosso Kingdom">Dosso</a> in <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a>); the <a href="/wiki/Kanuri_people" title="Kanuri people">Kanuri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shuwa_Arabs" class="mw-redirect" title="Shuwa Arabs">Shuwa Arabs</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> and northeastern Nigeria); the <a href="/wiki/Tuareg_people" title="Tuareg people">Tuareg</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Agadez" title="Agadez">Agadez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maradi,_Niger" title="Maradi, Niger">Maradi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zinder" title="Zinder">Zinder</a>); the <a href="/wiki/Gur_languages" title="Gur languages">Gur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gonja_people" title="Gonja people">Gonja</a> (in northeastern <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a>, northern <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a> and upper <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a>); <a href="/wiki/Gwari" class="mw-redirect" title="Gwari">Gwari</a> (in central Nigeria); and the <a href="/wiki/Mande_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Mande people">Mandinka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bambara_people" title="Bambara people">Bambara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dyula_people" title="Dyula people">Dioula</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soninke_people" title="Soninke people">Soninke</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gambia" class="mw-redirect" title="Gambia">Gambia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a>).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>All of these various ethnic groups among and around the Hausa live in the vast and open lands of the <a href="/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel">Sahel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sahara" title="Sahara">Saharan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sudan_(region)" title="Sudan (region)">Sudanian</a> regions, and as a result of the geography and the criss crossing network of traditional African trade routes, have had their cultures heavily influenced by their Hausa neighbours, as noted by T.L. Hodgkin "The great advantage of <a href="/wiki/Kano_(city)" title="Kano (city)">Kano</a> is that commerce and manufactures go hand in hand, and that almost every family has a share in it. There is something grand about this industry, which spreads to the north as far as <a href="/wiki/Murzuk" title="Murzuk">Murzuk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghat,_Libya" title="Ghat, Libya">Ghat</a> and even <a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Libya" title="Tripoli, Libya">Tripoli</a>, to the West, not only to <a href="/wiki/Timbuktu" title="Timbuktu">Timbuctu</a>, but in some degree even as far as the shores of the Atlantic, the very inhabitants of <a href="/wiki/Arguin" title="Arguin">Arguin</a> dressing in the cloth woven and dyed in <a href="/wiki/Kano_(city)" title="Kano (city)">Kano</a>; to the east, all over <a href="/wiki/Borno_Emirate" title="Borno Emirate">Borno</a>, ...and to the south...it invades the whole of <a href="/wiki/Adamawa_Emirate" title="Adamawa Emirate">Adamawa</a> and is only limited by the pagans who wear no clothing."<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In clear testimony to T. L Hodgkin's claim, the people of <a href="/wiki/Agadez" title="Agadez">Agadez</a> and Saharan areas of central Niger, the Tuareg and the Hausa groups are indistinguishable from each other in their traditional clothing; both wear the <a href="/wiki/Tagelmust" class="mw-redirect" title="Tagelmust">tagelmust</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indigo" title="Indigo">indigo</a> <a href="/wiki/Boubou_(clothing)" title="Boubou (clothing)">Babban Riga/Gandora</a>. But the two groups differ in language, lifestyle and preferred beasts of burden (the Tuareg use <a href="/wiki/Camel" title="Camel">camels</a>, while Hausa ride <a href="/wiki/Horse" title="Horse">horses</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other Hausa have influenced other ethnic groups southwards and in similar fashion to their Sahelian neighbors, which have heavily influenced the cultures of these groups.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Islamic <a href="/wiki/Shari%27a" class="mw-redirect" title="Shari'a">Shari'a</a> law is loosely the law of the land in Hausa areas, well-understood by any Islamic scholar or teacher, known in Hausa as a <i>m'allam</i>, <i>mallan</i> or <i>malam</i> (see <a href="/wiki/Maulana" class="mw-redirect" title="Maulana">Maulana</a>). This <a href="/wiki/Religious_pluralism" title="Religious pluralism">pluralist</a> attitude toward ethnic identity and cultural affiliation has enabled the Hausa to inhabit one of the largest geographic regions of non-<a href="/wiki/Bantu_peoples" title="Bantu peoples">Bantu</a> ethnic groups in Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:The_gateway_to_the_Sahara;_observations_and_experiences_in_Tripoli_(1909)_(14784872245).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/The_gateway_to_the_Sahara%3B_observations_and_experiences_in_Tripoli_%281909%29_%2814784872245%29.jpg/231px-The_gateway_to_the_Sahara%3B_observations_and_experiences_in_Tripoli_%281909%29_%2814784872245%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="231" height="352" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/The_gateway_to_the_Sahara%3B_observations_and_experiences_in_Tripoli_%281909%29_%2814784872245%29.jpg/347px-The_gateway_to_the_Sahara%3B_observations_and_experiences_in_Tripoli_%281909%29_%2814784872245%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/The_gateway_to_the_Sahara%3B_observations_and_experiences_in_Tripoli_%281909%29_%2814784872245%29.jpg/463px-The_gateway_to_the_Sahara%3B_observations_and_experiences_in_Tripoli_%281909%29_%2814784872245%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1965" data-file-height="2988" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>In the 7th century, the <a href="/wiki/Dalla_Hill" title="Dalla Hill">Dalla Hill</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kano_(city)" title="Kano (city)">Kano</a> was the site of a Hausa community that migrated from <a href="/wiki/Gaya,_Nigeria" title="Gaya, Nigeria">Gaya</a> and engaged in iron-working.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Hausa_Bakwai" class="mw-redirect" title="Hausa Bakwai">Hausa Bakwai</a> kingdoms were established around the 7th to 11th centuries. Of these, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Daura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kingdom of Daura (page does not exist)">Kingdom of Daura</a> was the first, according to the <a href="/wiki/Bayajidda" title="Bayajidda">Bayajidda</a> legend.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the legend of Bayajidda is a relatively new concept in the history of the Hausa people that gained traction and official recognition under the Islamic government and institutions that were newly established after the 1804 Usman dan Fodio Jihad. </p><p>The Hausa Kingdoms were independent political entities in what is now <a href="/wiki/Northern_Region,_Nigeria" title="Northern Region, Nigeria">Northern Nigeria</a>. The Hausa city states emerged as southern terminals of the Trans-Saharan caravan trade. Like other cities such as <a href="/wiki/Gao" title="Gao">Gao</a> and <a href="/wiki/Timbuktu" title="Timbuktu">Timbuktu</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Mali_Empire" title="Mali Empire">Mali Empire</a>, these city states became centres of long-distance trade. Hausa merchants in each of these cities collected trade items from domestic areas such as leather, dyed cloth, horse gear, metal locks and kola nuts from the rain forest region to the south through trade or slave raiding<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>, processed (and taxed) them and then sent them north to cities along the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean">Mediterranean</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the 12th century AD, the Hausa were becoming one of Africa's major trading powers, competing with <a href="/wiki/Kanem_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanem Empire">Kanem-Bornu</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Mali_Empire" title="Mali Empire">Mali Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The primary exports were <a href="/wiki/Leather" title="Leather">leather</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a>, <a href="/wiki/Textile" title="Textile">cloth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salt" title="Salt">salt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kola_nuts" class="mw-redirect" title="Kola nuts">kola nuts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slaves" class="mw-redirect" title="Slaves">slaves</a>, animal hides, and <a href="/wiki/Henna" title="Henna">henna</a>. Certainly trade influenced religion. By the 14th century, Islam was becoming widespread in Hausaland as <a href="/wiki/Soninke_Wangara" title="Soninke Wangara">Wangara</a> scholars, scholars and traders from <a href="/wiki/Mali_Empire" title="Mali Empire">Mali</a> and scholars and traders from the <a href="/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb">Maghreb</a> brought the religion with them.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the early 15th century, the Hausa were using a modified <a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic script</a> known as <i><a href="/wiki/Ajami_script" title="Ajami script">ajami</a></i> to record their own language. The Hausa compiled several written histories, the most popular being the <i><a href="/wiki/Kano_Chronicle" title="Kano Chronicle">Kano Chronicle</a>.</i> Many medieval Hausa manuscripts similar to the <a href="/wiki/Timbuktu_Manuscripts" title="Timbuktu Manuscripts">Timbuktu Manuscripts</a> written in the Ajami script have been discovered recently, some of them describing <a href="/wiki/Constellation" title="Constellation">constellations</a> and <a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendars" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic calendars">calendars</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gobir_man.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Gobir_man.jpg/226px-Gobir_man.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="337" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Gobir_man.jpg/339px-Gobir_man.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Gobir_man.jpg/452px-Gobir_man.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1186" data-file-height="1768" /></a><figcaption>A depiction of a Hausa man from <a href="/wiki/Gobir" title="Gobir">Gobir</a> by Carl Arriens (1913)</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Gobarau_Minaret" title="Gobarau Minaret">Gobarau Minaret</a> was built in the 15th century in <a href="/wiki/History_of_Katsina" title="History of Katsina">Katsina</a>. It is a 50-foot edifice located in the centre of the <a href="/wiki/Katsina" title="Katsina">city of Katsina</a>, the capital of <a href="/wiki/Katsina_State" title="Katsina State">Katsina State</a>. The Gobarau minaret, a symbol of the state, is an early example of <a href="/wiki/Islamic_architecture" title="Islamic architecture">Islamic architecture</a> in a city that prides itself as an important Islamic learning centre. The minaret is believed to be one of West Africa's first multi-storey buildings and was once the tallest building in Katsina. The mosque's origin is attributed to the efforts of the influential Islamic scholar Sheikh <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Maghili" title="Muhammad al-Maghili">Muhammad al-Maghili</a> and Sultan Muhammadu Korau of Katsina. Al-Maghili was from the town of <a href="/wiki/Tlemcen" title="Tlemcen">Tlemcen</a> in present-day Algeria and taught for a while in Katsina, which had become a centre of learning at this time, when he visited the town in the late 15th century during the reign of Muhammadu Korau. He and Korau discussed the idea of building a mosque to serve as a centre for spiritual and intellectual activities. The Gobarau mosque was designed and built to reflect the Timbuktu-style of architecture. It became an important centre for learning, attracting scholars and students from far and wide, and later served as a kind of university.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Rumfa" title="Muhammad Rumfa">Muhammad Rumfa</a> was the Sultan of the <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Kano" title="Sultanate of Kano">Sultanate of Kano</a>, located in modern-day <a href="/wiki/Kano_State" title="Kano State">Kano State</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Region,_Nigeria" title="Northern Region, Nigeria">Northern Nigeria</a>. He reigned from 1463 until 1499.<sup id="cite_ref-wwr_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wwr-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among Rumfa's accomplishments were extending the city walls, building a large palace, the <a href="/wiki/Gidan_Rumfa" title="Gidan Rumfa">Gidan Rumfa</a>, promoting slaves to governmental positions and establishing the great <a href="/wiki/Kurmi_Market" title="Kurmi Market">Kurmi Market</a>, which is still in use today. Kurmi Market is among the oldest and largest local markets in Africa. It used to serve as an international market where North African goods were exchanged for domestic goods through trans-Saharan trade.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nhm_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nhm-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Muhammad Rumfa was also responsible for much of the <a href="/wiki/Islamisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamisation">Islamisation</a> of Kano, as he urged prominent residents to convert.<sup id="cite_ref-nhm_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nhm-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The legendary Queen <a href="/wiki/Amina_(Queen_of_Zazzau)" title="Amina (Queen of Zazzau)">Amina</a> (or Aminatu) is believed to have ruled <a href="/wiki/Zazzau" title="Zazzau">Zazzau</a> between the 15th century and the 16th century for a period of 34 years. Amina was 16 years old when her mother, Bakwa Turunku became queen and she was given the traditional title of <i>Magajiya</i>, an honorific borne by the daughters of monarchs. She honed her military skills and became famous for her bravery and military exploits, as she is celebrated in song as "Amina, daughter of Nikatau, a woman as capable as a man."<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Amina is credited as the architectural overseer who created the strong earthen walls that surround her city, which were the prototype for the fortifications used in all Hausa states. She subsequently built many of these fortifications, which became known as ganuwar Amina or Amina's walls, around various conquered cities.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> The objectives of her conquests were twofold: extension of her nation beyond its primary borders and reducing the conquered cities to a vassal status. Sultan <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Bello" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Bello">Muhammad Bello</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sokoto" title="Sokoto">Sokoto</a> stated that, "She made war upon these countries and overcame them entirely so that the people of Katsina paid tribute to her and the men of Kano and... also made war on cities of <a href="/wiki/Bauchi" title="Bauchi">Bauchi</a> till her kingdom reached to the sea in the south and the west." Likewise, she led her armies as far as <a href="/wiki/Kwararafa" title="Kwararafa">Kwararafa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nupe_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Nupe Kingdom">Nupe</a> and, according to the Kano Chronicle, "The Sarkin Nupe sent her (i.e. the princess) 40 eunuchs and 10,000 kola nuts."<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sokoto_caliphate.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Sokoto_caliphate.png/300px-Sokoto_caliphate.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Sokoto_caliphate.png/450px-Sokoto_caliphate.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Sokoto_caliphate.png/600px-Sokoto_caliphate.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="616" /></a><figcaption>The Hausa–Fulani <a href="/wiki/Sokoto_Caliphate" title="Sokoto Caliphate">Sokoto Caliphate</a> in the 19th century</figcaption></figure><p>From 1804 to 1808, the <a href="/wiki/Fulani" class="mw-redirect" title="Fulani">Fulani</a>, another Islamic African ethnic group that spanned West Africa and have settled in Hausaland since the early 1500s, with support of already oppressed Hausa peasants revolted against oppressive cattle tax and religious persecution under the new king of <a href="/wiki/Gobir" title="Gobir">Gobir</a>, whose predecessor and father had tolerated Muslim evangelists and even favoured the leading Muslim cleric of the day, <a href="/wiki/Sheikh" title="Sheikh">Sheikh</a> <a href="/wiki/Usman_Dan_Fodio" class="mw-redirect" title="Usman Dan Fodio">Usman Dan Fodio</a> whose life the new king had sought end. <a href="/wiki/Sheikh" title="Sheikh">Sheikh</a> <a href="/wiki/Usman_Dan_Fodio" class="mw-redirect" title="Usman Dan Fodio">Usman Dan Fodio</a> fled <a href="/wiki/Gobir" title="Gobir">Gobir</a> and from his sanctuary declared Jihad on its king and all Habe dynasty kings for their alleged greed, paganism, injustices against the peasant class, use of heavy taxation and violation of the standards of Sharia law. The Fulani and Hausa cultural similarities as a Sahelian people however allowed for significant integration between the two groups. Since the early 20th century, these peoples are often classified as "<a href="/wiki/Hausa%E2%80%93Fulani" title="Hausa–Fulani">Hausa–Fulani</a>" within <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> rather than as individuated groups.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In fact, a large number of Fulani living in Hausa regions cannot speak Fulfulde at all and speak Hausa as their first language. Many Fulani in the region do not distinguish themselves from the Hausa, as they have long intermarried, they share the Islamic religion and more than half of all Nigerian Fulani have integrated into Hausa culture.<sup id="cite_ref-nhm_49-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nhm-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>British colonial administrator <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Lugard,_1st_Baron_Lugard" title="Frederick Lugard, 1st Baron Lugard">Frederick Lugard</a> exploited rivalries between many of the emirs in the south and the central Sokoto administration to counter possible defence efforts as his men marched toward the capital.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the British approached the city of Sokoto, the new Sultan <a href="/wiki/Muhammadu_Attahiru_I" title="Muhammadu Attahiru I">Muhammadu Attahiru I</a> organised a quick defence of the city and fought the advancing British-led forces. The British emerged triumphant, sending Attahiru I and thousands of followers on a <a href="/wiki/Mahdi" title="Mahdi">Mahdist</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Hijra_(Islam)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hijra (Islam)">hijra</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Falola-2_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Falola-2-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 13 March 1903 at the grand market square of Sokoto, the last Vizier of the Caliphate officially conceded to British rule. The British appointed <a href="/wiki/Muhammadu_Attahiru_II" title="Muhammadu Attahiru II">Muhammadu Attahiru II</a> as the new Caliph.<sup id="cite_ref-Falola-2_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Falola-2-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lugard abolished the Caliphate, but retained the title <i>Sultan</i> as a symbolic position in the newly organised <a href="/wiki/Northern_Nigeria_Protectorate" title="Northern Nigeria Protectorate">Northern Nigeria Protectorate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Falola_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Falola-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 1903, the British defeated the remaining forces of Attahiru I, who was <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">killed in action</a>; by 1906 resistance to British rule had ended with the conquest of Hadejia and the death of Sarki Muhammadu Mai Shahada of Hadejia as the last Emirate standing in Sokoto Caliphate<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. The area of the Sokoto Caliphate was divided among the control of the British, French, and Germans under the terms of the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Conference" title="Berlin Conference">Berlin Conference</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hausa_Horseman_wearing_cotton_padded_armour.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Hausa_Horseman_wearing_cotton_padded_armour.jpg/220px-Hausa_Horseman_wearing_cotton_padded_armour.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Hausa_Horseman_wearing_cotton_padded_armour.jpg/330px-Hausa_Horseman_wearing_cotton_padded_armour.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Hausa_Horseman_wearing_cotton_padded_armour.jpg/440px-Hausa_Horseman_wearing_cotton_padded_armour.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1084" data-file-height="1363" /></a><figcaption>Art of a <a href="/wiki/Kano_Emirate" title="Kano Emirate">Kano</a> horseman wearing <i>lifidi</i> (cotton-padded armour)</figcaption></figure> <p>The British established the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Nigeria_Protectorate" title="Northern Nigeria Protectorate">Northern Nigeria Protectorate</a> to govern the region, which included most of the Sokoto empire and its most important emirates.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under Lugard, the various emirs were provided significant local autonomy, thus retaining much of the political organisation of the Sokoto Caliphate.<sup id="cite_ref-Hirshfield_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hirshfield-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Sokoto area was treated as just another emirate within the Nigerian Protectorate. Because it was never connected with the railway network, it became economically and politically marginal.<sup id="cite_ref-Swindell_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Swindell-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Sultan of Sokoto continued to be regarded as an important Muslim spiritual and religious position; the lineage connection to dan Fodio has continued to be recognised.<sup id="cite_ref-Falola_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Falola-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the most significant Sultans was <a href="/wiki/Siddiq_Abubakar_III" title="Siddiq Abubakar III">Siddiq Abubakar III</a>, who held the position for 50 years from 1938 to 1988. He was known as a stabilising force in Nigerian politics, particularly in 1966 after the assassination of <a href="/wiki/Ahmadu_Bello" title="Ahmadu Bello">Ahmadu Bello</a>, the Premier of Northern Nigeria.<sup id="cite_ref-Falola_56-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Falola-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Nigeria" title="Rail transport in Nigeria">Nigerian railway system</a>, which extended from <a href="/wiki/Lagos" title="Lagos">Lagos</a> in 1896 to <a href="/wiki/Ibadan" title="Ibadan">Ibadan</a> in 1900 and <a href="/wiki/Kano_(city)" title="Kano (city)">Kano</a> in 1911, the Hausa of northern Nigeria became major producers of groundnuts. They surprised the British authorities, who had expected the Hausa to turn to cotton production. However, the Hausa had sufficient agricultural expertise to realise cotton required more labour and the European prices offered for groundnuts were more attractive than those for cotton. "Within two years the peasant farmers of Hausaland were producing so many tonnes of groundnuts that the railway was unable to cope with the traffic. As a result, the European merchants in Kano had to stockpile sacks of groundnuts in the streets." (Shillington 338). </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Boko_alphabet" title="Boko alphabet">Boko</a> script was implemented by the British and French colonial authorities and made the official Hausa alphabet in 1930.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Boko is a <a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin alphabet</a> used to write the <a href="/wiki/Hausa_language" title="Hausa language">Hausa language</a>. The first boko was devised by Europeans in the early 19th century,<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and developed in the early 20th century by the British (mostly) and French colonial authorities. Since the 1950s, boko has been the main alphabet for Hausa.<sup id="cite_ref-omniglot.com_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-omniglot.com-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Arabic script (<i><a href="/wiki/Hausa_language#Ajami_(Arabic)" title="Hausa language">ajami</a></i>) is now only used in Islamic schools and for Islamic literature. Today millions of Hausa-speaking people, who can read and write in Ajami only, are considered illiterates by the Nigerian government.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite this, Hausa Ajami is present on <a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Naira" class="mw-redirect" title="Nigerian Naira">Naira</a> banknotes. In 2014, in a very controversial move, Ajami was removed from the new 100 Naira banknote.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nevertheless, the Hausa remain preeminent in <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northern_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Nigeria">Northern Nigeria</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Subgroups_of_Hausa_people">Subgroups of Hausa people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hausa_people&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Subgroups of Hausa people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hausas in the narrow sense are indigenous of Kasar Hausa (Hausaland) who are found in West Africa. Within the Hausa, a distinction is made between three subgroups: Habe, Hausa-Fulani (Kado), and Banza or Banza 7.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>"Habe" are taken to be pure Hausas. They include Gobirawa, Kabawa, Rumawa, Adarawa, <a href="/wiki/Maouri_people" title="Maouri people">Maouri</a>, and others. These groups were the rulers of Hausa Kingdoms before the Danfodiyo revolution (Jihad) of 1804.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"Hausa–Fulani" or "Kado" are Hausanized Fulas, people of mixed Hausa and Fulani origin, most of whom speak a variant of Hausa as their native language. According to Hausa genealogical tradition, their identity came into being as a direct result of the migration of Fula people into Hausaland occurring from the 15th century<sup id="cite_ref-omniglot.com_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-omniglot.com-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and later at the beginning of the 19th century, during the revolution led by Sheikh Usman Danfodiyo against the Hausa Kingdoms, founding a centralized Sokoto Caliphate. They include Jobawa, Dambazawa, Mudubawa, Mallawa, and Sullubawa tribes originating in <a href="/wiki/Futa_Tooro" title="Futa Tooro">Futa Tooro</a>.</li> <li>"Banza or Banza 7" according to some modern historians are people who are of ancient tribes and extinct languages in Hausaland, of whose history little is known. They include Ajawa, Gere, Bankal, and others.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genetics">Genetics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hausa_people&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Genetics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:501px;max-width:501px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:129px;max-width:129px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hausa_harpist.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Hausa_harpist.jpg/127px-Hausa_harpist.jpg" decoding="async" width="127" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Hausa_harpist.jpg/191px-Hausa_harpist.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Hausa_harpist.jpg/254px-Hausa_harpist.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1037" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">A Hausa <a href="/wiki/Xalam" title="Xalam">gurmi</a> lute player</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:257px;max-width:257px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Garaya.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Garaya.jpg/255px-Garaya.jpg" decoding="async" width="255" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Garaya.jpg/383px-Garaya.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Garaya.jpg/510px-Garaya.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1411" data-file-height="1058" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">A man playing a <a href="/wiki/Garaya_(lute)" title="Garaya (lute)">garaya</a> lute. This may be a Fulani version, as both Fulani and Hausa make the instrument.<sup id="cite_ref-BR&B_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BR&B-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:109px;max-width:109px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hausa_drummers3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Hausa_drummers3.jpg/107px-Hausa_drummers3.jpg" decoding="async" width="107" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Hausa_drummers3.jpg/161px-Hausa_drummers3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Hausa_drummers3.jpg/214px-Hausa_drummers3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1155" data-file-height="2080" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Hausa drummer</div></div></div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:568px;max-width:568px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:122px;max-width:122px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:An_algaita_player,_fulbeized_Kapsiki.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/An_algaita_player%2C_fulbeized_Kapsiki.jpg/120px-An_algaita_player%2C_fulbeized_Kapsiki.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/An_algaita_player%2C_fulbeized_Kapsiki.jpg/180px-An_algaita_player%2C_fulbeized_Kapsiki.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/An_algaita_player%2C_fulbeized_Kapsiki.jpg/240px-An_algaita_player%2C_fulbeized_Kapsiki.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1007" data-file-height="1374" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Algaita" title="Algaita">Algaita</a> player, a type of multi-reed instrument like a clarinet or oboe.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:207px;max-width:207px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Goje.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Goje.jpg/205px-Goje.jpg" decoding="async" width="205" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Goje.jpg/308px-Goje.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Goje.jpg/410px-Goje.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Goje" title="Goje">Goje</a> fiddle</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:233px;max-width:233px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kakaki_players_from_Northern_Nigeria_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Kakaki_players_from_Northern_Nigeria_1.jpg/231px-Kakaki_players_from_Northern_Nigeria_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="231" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Kakaki_players_from_Northern_Nigeria_1.jpg/347px-Kakaki_players_from_Northern_Nigeria_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Kakaki_players_from_Northern_Nigeria_1.jpg/462px-Kakaki_players_from_Northern_Nigeria_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2496" data-file-height="1664" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Kakaki" title="Kakaki">Kakaki</a> trumpet players from Northern Nigeria. The instrument is similar or related to the <a href="/wiki/Nafir" title="Nafir">nafir</a>, an instrument that traveled with Islam.</div></div></div></div></div> <p>According to a <a href="/wiki/Y-DNA" class="mw-redirect" title="Y-DNA">Y-DNA</a> study by Hassan et al. (2008), about 47% of Hausa in <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> carry the <a href="/wiki/West_Eurasian" class="mw-redirect" title="West Eurasian">West Eurasian</a> <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup" title="Haplogroup">haplogroup</a> <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_R1b_(Y-DNA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Haplogroup R1b (Y-DNA)">R1b</a>. The remainder belong to various African paternal lineages: 15.6% <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_B_(Y-DNA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Haplogroup B (Y-DNA)">B</a>, 12.5% <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_A_(Y-DNA)" title="Haplogroup A (Y-DNA)">A</a> and 12.5% <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_E1b1a_(Y-DNA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Haplogroup E1b1a (Y-DNA)">E1b1a</a>. A small minority of around 4% are <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_E1b1b_(Y-DNA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Haplogroup E1b1b (Y-DNA)">E1b1b</a> clade bearers, a haplogroup which is most common in <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Horn_of_Africa" title="Horn of Africa">Horn of Africa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hassan_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hassan-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A more recent study on Hausa of <a href="/wiki/Arewa" title="Arewa">Arewa</a> (Northern <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>) revealed similar results: 47% <a href="/wiki/E1b1a" class="mw-redirect" title="E1b1a">E1b1a</a>, 5% <a href="/wiki/E1b1b" class="mw-redirect" title="E1b1b">E1b1b</a>, 21% other <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_E_(Y-DNA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Haplogroup E (Y-DNA)">Haplogroup E</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_E-M33_(Y-DNA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Haplogroup E-M33 (Y-DNA)">E-M33</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_E-M75_(Y-DNA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Haplogroup E-M75 (Y-DNA)">E-M75</a>...), 18% <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_R1b_(Y-DNA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Haplogroup R1b (Y-DNA)">R1b</a> and 9% <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_B_(Y-DNA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Haplogroup B (Y-DNA)">B</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cole-Showers_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cole-Showers-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In terms of overall ancestry, an <a href="/wiki/Autosomal" class="mw-redirect" title="Autosomal">autosomal</a> DNA study by Tishkoff et al. (2009) found the Hausa to be most closely related to <a href="/wiki/Nilo-Saharan_languages" title="Nilo-Saharan languages">Nilo-Saharan</a> populations from <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a>. This suggests that the Hausa and other modern Chadic-speaking populations originally spoke Nilo-Saharan languages, before adopting languages from the <a href="/wiki/Afroasiatic_languages" title="Afroasiatic languages">Afroasiatic</a> family after migration into that area thousands of years ago:<sup id="cite_ref-Tishkoff_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tishkoff-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p><i>From K = 5-13, all Nilo-Saharan speaking populations from southern Sudan, and Chad cluster with west-central Afroasiatic Chadic-speaking populations (Fig. S15). These results are consistent with linguistic and archeological data, suggesting a possible common ancestry of Nilo-Saharan speaking populations from an eastern Sudanese homeland within the past ≈10,500 years, with subsequent bi-directional migration westward to Lake Chad and southward into modern day southern Sudan, and more recent migration eastward into Kenya and Tanzania ≈3,000 ya (giving rise to Southern Nilotic speakers) and westward into Chad ≈2,500 ya (giving rise to Central Sudanic speakers) (S62, S65, S67, S74). A proposed migration of proto-Chadic Afroasiatic speakers ≈7,000 ya from the central Sahara into the <a href="/wiki/Lake_Chad_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Chad Basin">Lake Chad Basin</a> may have caused many western Nilo-Saharans to shift to Chadic languages (S99). Our data suggest that this shift was not accompanied by large amounts of Afroasiatic16 gene flow. Analyses of mtDNA provide evidence for divergence ≈8,000 ya of a distinct mtDNA lineage present at high frequency in the Chadic populations and suggest an East African origin for most mtDNA lineages in these populations (S100)</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tishkoff_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tishkoff-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p>A study from 2019 that genotyped 218 unrelated males from the <a href="/wiki/Igbo_people" title="Igbo people">Igbo</a>, Hausa and <a href="/wiki/Yoruba_people" title="Yoruba people">Yoruba</a> tribes using X-STR analysis, found that when studying the genetic affinity, no significant differences were detected. It supported a homogeneity of Nigerian ethnic groups for X-chromosome markers.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2024, a paper similarly found homogeneity in the Yoruba, Igbo and Hausa in Nigeria for X-Chromosomes (mtDNA). However, differences in the Hausa were found for the Y-Chromosome, where they had more paternal lineages associated with Afro-Asiatic speakers, while the Yoruba and Igbo were paternally related to other Niger-Congo speaking groups.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Specifically, in the 135 Yoruba and 134 Igbo males, E-M2 was seen at high rates of 90%. In contrast, the 89 Hausa males had E-M2 at 43%, and frequencies for R1b-V88 at 32%, A 9%, E1a 6%, B 5%, and another 5% being made of other lineages.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hausa_people&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Hausa_people" title="Special:EditPage/Hausa people">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Hausa cultural practices stand unique in <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> and have withstood the test of time due to strong traditions, cultural pride as well as an efficient precolonial native system of government.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Consequently, and in spite of strong competition from western <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">European</a> <a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture">culture</a> as adopted by their southern Nigerian counterparts<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>, have maintained a rich and particular mode of dressing, food, language, <a href="/wiki/Traditional_marriage_in_Hausa_culture" title="Traditional marriage in Hausa culture">marriage system</a>, education system, traditional architecture, sports, music and other forms of traditional entertainment. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hausa_people&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hausa_language" title="Hausa language">Hausa language</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hausa_People_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Hausa_People_map.png/220px-Hausa_People_map.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Hausa_People_map.png/330px-Hausa_People_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Hausa_People_map.png/440px-Hausa_People_map.png 2x" data-file-width="6300" data-file-height="7000" /></a><figcaption>Ethnolinguistic territory of the Hausa people in Niger and Nigeria</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Hausa_language" title="Hausa language">Hausa language</a>, a member of <a href="/wiki/Afroasiatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Afroasiatic">Afroasiatic</a> family of languages, has more first-language speakers than any other <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Africa" title="Languages of Africa">African language</a>. It has around 50 million first-language speakers, and close to 30 million second-language speakers.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main Hausa-speaking area is northern <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> and southern <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a>. Hausa is also widely spoken in northern <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a> as well as among <a href="/wiki/Fulani" class="mw-redirect" title="Fulani">Fulani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuareg_people" title="Tuareg people">Tuareg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kanuri_people" title="Kanuri people">Kanuri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gur_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Gur people">Gur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baggara_Arabs" title="Baggara Arabs">Shuwa Arab</a>, and other <a href="/wiki/Afro-Asiatic_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Asiatic languages">Afro-Asiatic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niger-Congo_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Niger-Congo languages">Niger-Congo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nilo-Saharan_languages" title="Nilo-Saharan languages">Nilo-Saharan</a> speaking groups. There are also large Hausa communities in every<sup id="cite_ref-:1_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> major African city in neighbourhoods called <i>zango</i>s or <i>zongo</i>s, meaning "caravan camp" in Hausa (denoting the <a href="/wiki/Trade" title="Trade">trading post</a> origins of these communities). Most Hausa speakers, regardless of ethnic affiliation, are <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a>; Hausa often serves as a <a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a> among <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> in non-Hausa areas. </p><p>There is a large and growing printed literature in Hausa, which includes novels, poetry, plays, instruction in <a href="/wiki/Islamic" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic">Islamic</a> practice, books on development issues, newspapers, news magazines, and technical academic works. Radio and television broadcasting in Hausa is ubiquitous in northern Nigeria and southern Niger, and radio stations in Cameroon have regular Hausa broadcasts, as do international broadcasters such as the BBC,<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hausa_3_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hausa_3-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hausa3_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hausa3-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> VOA,<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deutsche Welle, <a href="/wiki/Radio_Moscow" title="Radio Moscow">Radio Moscow</a>, Radio Beijing, RFI France, IRIB Iran <a href="/wiki/IRIB_World_Service" title="IRIB World Service">IRIB World Service</a>, and others <sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hausa is used as the language of instruction at the elementary level in schools in northern Nigeria, and Hausa is available as course of study in northern <a href="/wiki/Nigerian" class="mw-redirect" title="Nigerian">Nigerian</a> <a href="/wiki/Universities" class="mw-redirect" title="Universities">universities</a>. In addition, several advanced degrees (Masters and PhD) are offered in Hausa in various universities in the <a href="/wiki/UK" class="mw-redirect" title="UK">UK</a>, <a href="/wiki/US" class="mw-redirect" title="US">US</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>. Hausa is also being used in various social media networks around the world.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Hausa is considered one of the world's major languages, and it has widespread use in a number of countries of <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>. Hausa's rich poetry, prose, and musical literature is increasingly available in print and in audio and video recordings. The study of Hausa provides an informative entry into the culture of <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamic</a> Africa. Throughout Africa, there is a strong connection between Hausa and Islam.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_53-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The influence of the Hausa language on the languages of many non-Hausa Muslim peoples in <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> is readily apparent. Likewise, many Hausa cultural practices, including such overt features as dress and food, are shared by other Muslim communities. Because of the dominant position which the Hausa language and culture have long held, the study of Hausa provides crucial background for other areas such as African history, <a href="/wiki/Politics" title="Politics">politics</a> (particularly in Nigeria and Niger), gender studies, commerce, and the arts.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hausa_people&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%AD%D9%81_%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B9_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B7_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%AD%D9%81_%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B9_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B7_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A.jpg/202px-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%AD%D9%81_%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B9_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B7_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A.jpg" decoding="async" width="202" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%AD%D9%81_%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B9_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B7_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A.jpg/304px-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%AD%D9%81_%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B9_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B7_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%AD%D9%81_%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B9_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B7_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A.jpg/405px-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%AD%D9%81_%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B9_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B7_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>A lithographic print from Nigeria in the early 20th century featuring text from the Surah of <a href="/wiki/Al-An%27am" title="Al-An'am">An'am</a>, printed in the <a href="/wiki/Maghrebi_script" title="Maghrebi script"><i>Hausawi</i> script</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Sunni" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni">Sunni</a> Islam of the <a href="/wiki/Maliki" class="mw-redirect" title="Maliki">Maliki</a> madhhab, is the predominant and historically established religion of the Hausa people. Islam has been present in <a href="/wiki/Hausaland" class="mw-redirect" title="Hausaland">Hausaland</a> since as early as the 11th century — giving rise to famous native Sufi saints and scholars such as Wali <a href="/wiki/Dan_Masanih" title="Dan Masanih">Muhammad dan Masani</a> (d.1667) and Wali <a href="/wiki/Dan_Marina" title="Dan Marina">Muhammad dan Marina</a> (d. 1655) in Katsina — mostly among long-distance traders to North Africa whom in turn had spread it to common people while the ruling class had remained largely pagan or mixed their practice of Islam with pagan practices. By the 14th century, Hausa traders were already spreading Islam across a large swathe of west Africa such as Ghana, Côte d'Ivoire, etc.. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Muslim_scholars" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim scholars">Muslim scholars</a> of the early 19th century disapproved of the hybrid religion practiced in royal courts. A desire for reform contributed to the formation of the <a href="/wiki/Sokoto_Caliphate" title="Sokoto Caliphate">Sokoto Caliphate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The formation of this state strengthened Islam in rural areas. The Hausa people have been an important factor for the spread of Islam in West Africa. Today, the current <a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Sokoto" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultan of Sokoto">Sultan of Sokoto</a> is regarded as the traditional religious leader (<i>Sarkin Musulmi</i>) of Sunni Hausa–Fulani in Nigeria and beyond. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Hausa_animism" title="Hausa animism">Maguzanci</a>, an <a href="/wiki/African_Traditional_Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="African Traditional Religion">African Traditional Religion</a>, was practised extensively before Islam. In the more remote areas of Hausaland, the people continue to practise Maguzanci. Closer to urban areas, it is not as common, but with elements still held among the beliefs of urban dwellers. Practices include the sacrifice of animals for personal ends, but it is not legitimate to practise Maguzanci magic for harm. People of urbanized areas tend to retain a "cult of <a href="/wiki/Spirit_possession" title="Spirit possession">spirit possession</a>," known as <a href="/wiki/Bori_(religion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bori (religion)">Bori</a>. It incorporates the old religion's elements of <a href="/wiki/African_Traditional_Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="African Traditional Religion">African Traditional Religion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Magic_and_religion" title="Magic and religion">magic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kano_Mosque_in_1960.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Kano_Mosque_in_1960.jpg/253px-Kano_Mosque_in_1960.jpg" decoding="async" width="253" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Kano_Mosque_in_1960.jpg/380px-Kano_Mosque_in_1960.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Kano_Mosque_in_1960.jpg/506px-Kano_Mosque_in_1960.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="981" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Great_Mosque_of_Kano" title="Great Mosque of Kano">Great Mosque of Kano</a> in 1960. It is one of the oldest mosques in Nigeria and was built in the 15th century by <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Rumfa" title="Muhammad Rumfa">Muhammad Rumfa</a>, the 21st <a href="/wiki/Sarkin_Kano" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarkin Kano">Sarkin Kano</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Clothing_and_accessories">Clothing and accessories</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hausa_people&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Clothing and accessories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Hausa were famous throughout the Middle Ages for their cloth weaving and dyeing, cotton goods, leather sandals, metal locks, horse equipment and leather-working and export of such goods throughout the west African region as well as to north Africa (Hausa leather was erroneously known to medieval Europe as Moroccan leather<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). They were often characterized by their <a href="/wiki/Indigo" title="Indigo">Indigo</a> blue dressing and emblems which earned them the nickname "bluemen". They traditionally rode on fine Saharan <a href="/wiki/Camels" class="mw-redirect" title="Camels">camels</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arabian_horses" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabian horses">horses</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tie-dye" title="Tie-dye">Tie-dye</a> <a href="/wiki/Art_techniques_and_materials" class="mw-redirect" title="Art techniques and materials">techniques</a> have been used in the Hausa region of <a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West Africa</a> for centuries with renowned <a href="/wiki/Indigo" title="Indigo">indigo</a> dye pits located in and around <a href="/wiki/Kano_(city)" title="Kano (city)">Kano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>. The tie-dyed clothing is then richly <a href="/wiki/Embroidery" title="Embroidery">embroidered</a> in traditional patterns. It has been suggested that these African techniques were the inspiration for the tie-dyed garments identified with <a href="/wiki/Hippie" title="Hippie">hippie</a> fashion.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The traditional dress of the Hausa consists of loose flowing gowns and trousers. The gowns have wide openings on both sides for ventilation. The trousers are loose at the top and center, but rather tight around the legs. Leather sandals and turbans are also typical.<sup id="cite_ref-auto4_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto4-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The men are easily recognizable because of their elaborate dress which is a large flowing gown known as <i>Babban riga</i> also known by various other names due to adaptation by many ethnic groups neighboring the Hausa (see <a href="/wiki/Indigo" title="Indigo">indigo</a> <a href="/wiki/Boubou_(clothing)" title="Boubou (clothing)">Babban Riga/Gandora</a>). These large flowing gowns usually feature elaborate embroidery designs around the neck and chest area. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:192px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Global_Hausa_Culture.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Global_Hausa_Culture.jpg/288px-Global_Hausa_Culture.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Global_Hausa_Culture.jpg/432px-Global_Hausa_Culture.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Global_Hausa_Culture.jpg/576px-Global_Hausa_Culture.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:174px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Durba_banner_carrier.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Durba_banner_carrier.jpg/288px-Durba_banner_carrier.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Durba_banner_carrier.jpg/432px-Durba_banner_carrier.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Durba_banner_carrier.jpg/576px-Durba_banner_carrier.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1877" data-file-height="1140" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Fitr" title="Eid al-Fitr">Eid al-Fitr</a> procession in northern Nigeria</div></div></div></div> <p>They also wore a type of shirt called <i>tagguwa</i> (long and short slip). The oral tradition regarding the <i>tagguwa</i> is that during the age when Hausawa were using leaves and animal skin to cover their private parts, a man called Guwa decided to cut the centre of the animal skin and wear it like a shirt instead of just covering his privates. People around to Guwa became interested in his new style and decided to copy it. They called it 'Ta Guwa', meaning "similar to Guwa". It eventually evolved to become <i>Tagguwa.</i><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Men also wear colourful embroidered caps known as <i>hula.</i> Depending on their location and occupation, they may wear the turban around this to veil the face, called <a href="/wiki/Alasho" title="Alasho">Alasho</a>. The women can be identified by <a href="/wiki/Wrapper_(clothing)" title="Wrapper (clothing)">wrappers</a> called <i>zani,</i> made with colourful cloth known as <i>atampa or Ankara</i>, (a descendant of early designs from the famous <a href="/wiki/Tie-dye" title="Tie-dye">Tie-dye</a> techniques the Hausa have for centuries been known for, named after the Hausa name for <a href="/wiki/Accra" title="Accra">Accra</a> the capital of what is now Ghana, and where an old Hausa speaking trading community still lives)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> accompanied by a matching blouse, head tie (kallabi) and shawl (Gyale). </p><p>Like other Muslims and specifically <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sahelians&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sahelians (page does not exist)">Sahelians</a> within West Africa, Hausa women traditionally use <a href="/wiki/Henna" title="Henna">Henna</a> (lalle) designs painted onto the hand instead of nail-polish. A shared tradition with other <a href="/wiki/Afro-Asiatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Asiatic">Afro-Asiatic</a> speakers like <a href="/wiki/Berbers" title="Berbers">Berbers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Habesha" class="mw-redirect" title="Habesha">Habesha</a>, (ancient) <a href="/wiki/Egyptians" title="Egyptians">Egyptians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab">Arab</a> peoples, both Hausa men and women use <a href="/wiki/Kohl_(cosmetics)" title="Kohl (cosmetics)">kohl</a> ('kwalli') around the eyes as an eye shadow, with the area below the eye receiving a thicker line than that of the top. Also, similar to Berber, <a href="/wiki/Bedouin" title="Bedouin">Bedouin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zarma_people" title="Zarma people">Zarma</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fulani" class="mw-redirect" title="Fulani">Fulani</a> women, Hausa women traditionally use kohl to accentuate facial symmetry. This is usually done by drawing a vertical line from below the bottom lip down to the chin. Other designs may include a line along the bridge of the nose, or a single pair of small symmetrical dots on the cheeks. </p> <p><b>Common traditional dressing in Hausa men</b></p><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hausa_royal_dressing_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Hausa boy wearing traditional cloths (Babban riga and rawani)"><img alt="A Hausa boy wearing traditional cloths (Babban riga and rawani)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Hausa_royal_dressing_05.jpg/69px-Hausa_royal_dressing_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="69" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Hausa_royal_dressing_05.jpg/104px-Hausa_royal_dressing_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Hausa_royal_dressing_05.jpg/139px-Hausa_royal_dressing_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1205" data-file-height="2080" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A Hausa boy wearing traditional cloths (Babban riga and rawani)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hausa_emirate_dress_code_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A teenage Hausa boy wearing traditional cloths"><img alt="A teenage Hausa boy wearing traditional cloths" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Hausa_emirate_dress_code_01.jpg/90px-Hausa_emirate_dress_code_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Hausa_emirate_dress_code_01.jpg/135px-Hausa_emirate_dress_code_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Hausa_emirate_dress_code_01.jpg/180px-Hausa_emirate_dress_code_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1560" data-file-height="2080" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A teenage Hausa boy wearing traditional cloths</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hausa_from_Yola-1902.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="An adult Hausa man in Babban riga and Alasho"><img alt="An adult Hausa man in Babban riga and Alasho" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Hausa_from_Yola-1902.jpg/77px-Hausa_from_Yola-1902.jpg" decoding="async" width="77" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Hausa_from_Yola-1902.jpg/116px-Hausa_from_Yola-1902.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Hausa_from_Yola-1902.jpg/155px-Hausa_from_Yola-1902.jpg 2x" data-file-width="490" data-file-height="760" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">An adult Hausa man in <a href="/wiki/Boubou_(clothing)" title="Boubou (clothing)">Babban riga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alasho" title="Alasho">Alasho</a></div> </li> </ul> <p><b>Common modern dressing in Hausa women</b></p><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_First_Lady_of_Nigeria_Her_Excellency_Aisha_Buhari.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Aisha Buhari wearing Hausa clothes and hijab, which consists of the kallabi matching the dress cloth design, and gyale draped over the shoulder or front"><img alt="Aisha Buhari wearing Hausa clothes and hijab, which consists of the kallabi matching the dress cloth design, and gyale draped over the shoulder or front" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/The_First_Lady_of_Nigeria_Her_Excellency_Aisha_Buhari.jpg/85px-The_First_Lady_of_Nigeria_Her_Excellency_Aisha_Buhari.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/The_First_Lady_of_Nigeria_Her_Excellency_Aisha_Buhari.jpg/128px-The_First_Lady_of_Nigeria_Her_Excellency_Aisha_Buhari.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/The_First_Lady_of_Nigeria_Her_Excellency_Aisha_Buhari.jpg/171px-The_First_Lady_of_Nigeria_Her_Excellency_Aisha_Buhari.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2868" data-file-height="4024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Aisha Buhari wearing Hausa clothes and <a href="/wiki/Hijab" title="Hijab">hijab</a>, which consists of the kallabi matching the dress cloth design, and gyale draped over the shoulder or front</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Turai_Yar%27Adua.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Turai Yar'adua wearing atampa and dan kwali, note the henna designs on the fingertips instead of nail polish"><img alt="Turai Yar'adua wearing atampa and dan kwali, note the henna designs on the fingertips instead of nail polish" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Turai_Yar%27Adua.jpg/101px-Turai_Yar%27Adua.jpg" decoding="async" width="101" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Turai_Yar%27Adua.jpg/151px-Turai_Yar%27Adua.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Turai_Yar%27Adua.jpg/202px-Turai_Yar%27Adua.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1207" data-file-height="1434" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Turai Yar'adua wearing atampa and dan kwali, note the henna designs on the fingertips instead of nail polish</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hafsat_Ahmad_Idris.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kannywood actress wearing gyale in Hausa style, along with henna applied on fingers"><img alt="Kannywood actress wearing gyale in Hausa style, along with henna applied on fingers" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Hafsat_Ahmad_Idris.jpg/99px-Hafsat_Ahmad_Idris.jpg" decoding="async" width="99" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Hafsat_Ahmad_Idris.jpg/149px-Hafsat_Ahmad_Idris.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Hafsat_Ahmad_Idris.jpg/199px-Hafsat_Ahmad_Idris.jpg 2x" data-file-width="894" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Kannywood actress wearing gyale in Hausa style, along with henna applied on fingers</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maryam_Booth.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Maryam Booth, Kannywood actress"><img alt="Maryam Booth, Kannywood actress" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Maryam_Booth.jpg/96px-Maryam_Booth.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Maryam_Booth.jpg/145px-Maryam_Booth.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Maryam_Booth.jpg/193px-Maryam_Booth.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1242" data-file-height="1546" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Maryam_Booth" title="Maryam Booth">Maryam Booth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kannywood" class="mw-redirect" title="Kannywood">Kannywood</a> actress</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture">Architecture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hausa_people&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hausa_Architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Hausa Architecture">Hausa Architecture</a></div><p>The architecture of the Hausa is perhaps one of the least known of the medieval age.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Many of their early <a href="/wiki/Mosques" class="mw-redirect" title="Mosques">mosques</a> and palaces are bright and colourful, including intricate engraving or elaborate symbols designed into the facade<sup id="cite_ref-ateliermasomi.com_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ateliermasomi.com-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This architectural style is known as <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tubali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tubali (page does not exist)">Tubali</a></i> which means <i>architecture</i> in the Hausa language. The ancient Kano city walls were built in order to provide security to the growing population. The foundation for the construction of the wall was laid by Sarki Gijimasu from 1095 through 1134 and was completed in the middle of the 14th century. In the 16th century, the walls were further extended to their present position. The gates are as old as the walls and were used to control movement of people in and out of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hausa buildings are characterized by the use of dry mud bricks in cubic structures, multi-storied buildings for the social elite, the use of <a href="/wiki/Parapets" class="mw-redirect" title="Parapets">parapets</a> related to their military/fortress building past, and traditional white stucco and plaster for house fronts. At times the facades may be decorated with various abstract relief designs, sometimes painted in vivid colours to convey information about the occupant.<sup id="cite_ref-ateliermasomi.com_91-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ateliermasomi.com-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 285px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280px; height: 280px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gate_to_the_Gidan_Rumfa_(2009)_in_Kano,_Nigeria..jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gate of gidan rumfa"><img alt="Gate of gidan rumfa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Gate_to_the_Gidan_Rumfa_%282009%29_in_Kano%2C_Nigeria..jpg/250px-Gate_to_the_Gidan_Rumfa_%282009%29_in_Kano%2C_Nigeria..jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Gate_to_the_Gidan_Rumfa_%282009%29_in_Kano%2C_Nigeria..jpg/375px-Gate_to_the_Gidan_Rumfa_%282009%29_in_Kano%2C_Nigeria..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Gate_to_the_Gidan_Rumfa_%282009%29_in_Kano%2C_Nigeria..jpg/500px-Gate_to_the_Gidan_Rumfa_%282009%29_in_Kano%2C_Nigeria..jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Gate of gidan rumfa</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 285px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280px; height: 280px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GIDAN_DAN_HAUSA.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kano Museum"><img alt="Kano Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/GIDAN_DAN_HAUSA.jpg/250px-GIDAN_DAN_HAUSA.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/GIDAN_DAN_HAUSA.jpg/375px-GIDAN_DAN_HAUSA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/GIDAN_DAN_HAUSA.jpg/500px-GIDAN_DAN_HAUSA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Kano_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Kano Museum">Kano Museum</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 285px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280px; height: 280px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gobarau_Minaret_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The ancient Gobirau minaret in Katsina"><img alt="The ancient Gobirau minaret in Katsina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Gobarau_Minaret_1.jpg/187px-Gobarau_Minaret_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="187" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Gobarau_Minaret_1.jpg/281px-Gobarau_Minaret_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Gobarau_Minaret_1.jpg/375px-Gobarau_Minaret_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4608" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The ancient Gobirau minaret in <a href="/wiki/Katsina" title="Katsina">Katsina</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 285px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280px; height: 280px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ASC_Leiden_-_van_Achterberg_Collection_-_02_-_67_-_Une_maison_haoussa_%C3%A0_la_d%C3%A9coration_g%C3%A9om%C3%A9trique_-_Agadez,_Niger_-_27_d%C3%A9cembre_1996_-_11_janvier_1997.tif" class="mw-file-description" title="House built in 1959. Photo taken in Agadez, Niger (1997)"><img alt="House built in 1959. Photo taken in Agadez, Niger (1997)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/ASC_Leiden_-_van_Achterberg_Collection_-_02_-_67_-_Une_maison_haoussa_%C3%A0_la_d%C3%A9coration_g%C3%A9om%C3%A9trique_-_Agadez%2C_Niger_-_27_d%C3%A9cembre_1996_-_11_janvier_1997.tif/lossy-page1-250px-ASC_Leiden_-_van_Achterberg_Collection_-_02_-_67_-_Une_maison_haoussa_%C3%A0_la_d%C3%A9coration_g%C3%A9om%C3%A9trique_-_Agadez%2C_Niger_-_27_d%C3%A9cembre_1996_-_11_janvier_1997.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/ASC_Leiden_-_van_Achterberg_Collection_-_02_-_67_-_Une_maison_haoussa_%C3%A0_la_d%C3%A9coration_g%C3%A9om%C3%A9trique_-_Agadez%2C_Niger_-_27_d%C3%A9cembre_1996_-_11_janvier_1997.tif/lossy-page1-375px-ASC_Leiden_-_van_Achterberg_Collection_-_02_-_67_-_Une_maison_haoussa_%C3%A0_la_d%C3%A9coration_g%C3%A9om%C3%A9trique_-_Agadez%2C_Niger_-_27_d%C3%A9cembre_1996_-_11_janvier_1997.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/ASC_Leiden_-_van_Achterberg_Collection_-_02_-_67_-_Une_maison_haoussa_%C3%A0_la_d%C3%A9coration_g%C3%A9om%C3%A9trique_-_Agadez%2C_Niger_-_27_d%C3%A9cembre_1996_-_11_janvier_1997.tif/lossy-page1-500px-ASC_Leiden_-_van_Achterberg_Collection_-_02_-_67_-_Une_maison_haoussa_%C3%A0_la_d%C3%A9coration_g%C3%A9om%C3%A9trique_-_Agadez%2C_Niger_-_27_d%C3%A9cembre_1996_-_11_janvier_1997.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6861" data-file-height="4498" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">House built in 1959. Photo taken in <a href="/wiki/Agadez" title="Agadez">Agadez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a> (1997)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 285px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280px; height: 280px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ASC_Leiden_-_NSAG_-_van_Dis_4_-_137_-_The_decorated_entrance_gate_of_the_Palace_of_the_Emir_-_Zaria,_Kaduna_State,_North_Nigeria_-_15-20_January_1962.tif" class="mw-file-description" title="Gate to the palace of the Emir of Zaria (1962)"><img alt="Gate to the palace of the Emir of Zaria (1962)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/ASC_Leiden_-_NSAG_-_van_Dis_4_-_137_-_The_decorated_entrance_gate_of_the_Palace_of_the_Emir_-_Zaria%2C_Kaduna_State%2C_North_Nigeria_-_15-20_January_1962.tif/lossy-page1-250px-ASC_Leiden_-_NSAG_-_van_Dis_4_-_137_-_The_decorated_entrance_gate_of_the_Palace_of_the_Emir_-_Zaria%2C_Kaduna_State%2C_North_Nigeria_-_15-20_January_1962.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/ASC_Leiden_-_NSAG_-_van_Dis_4_-_137_-_The_decorated_entrance_gate_of_the_Palace_of_the_Emir_-_Zaria%2C_Kaduna_State%2C_North_Nigeria_-_15-20_January_1962.tif/lossy-page1-375px-ASC_Leiden_-_NSAG_-_van_Dis_4_-_137_-_The_decorated_entrance_gate_of_the_Palace_of_the_Emir_-_Zaria%2C_Kaduna_State%2C_North_Nigeria_-_15-20_January_1962.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/ASC_Leiden_-_NSAG_-_van_Dis_4_-_137_-_The_decorated_entrance_gate_of_the_Palace_of_the_Emir_-_Zaria%2C_Kaduna_State%2C_North_Nigeria_-_15-20_January_1962.tif/lossy-page1-500px-ASC_Leiden_-_NSAG_-_van_Dis_4_-_137_-_The_decorated_entrance_gate_of_the_Palace_of_the_Emir_-_Zaria%2C_Kaduna_State%2C_North_Nigeria_-_15-20_January_1962.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6672" data-file-height="4274" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Gate to the palace of the <a href="/wiki/Zazzau" title="Zazzau">Emir of Zaria</a> (1962)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 285px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280px; height: 280px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emir_Palace_Dutse.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Palace of the Emir of Dutse"><img alt="Palace of the Emir of Dutse" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Emir_Palace_Dutse.jpg/188px-Emir_Palace_Dutse.jpg" decoding="async" width="188" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Emir_Palace_Dutse.jpg/282px-Emir_Palace_Dutse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Emir_Palace_Dutse.jpg/376px-Emir_Palace_Dutse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="4080" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Palace of the <a href="/wiki/Dutse_Emirate" title="Dutse Emirate">Emir of Dutse</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hausa_people&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Hausa culture is rich in traditional sporting events such as boxing (<a href="/wiki/Dambe" title="Dambe">Dambe</a>), stick fight (Takkai), wrestling (Kokowa) etc. that were originally organized to celebrate harvests but over the generations developed into sporting events for entertainment purposes.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dambe">Dambe</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hausa_people&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Dambe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Dambe" title="Dambe">Dambe</a> is a brutal form of traditional martial art associated with the Hausa people of West Africa. Its origin is shrouded in mystery. However, Edward Powe, a researcher of Nigerian martial art culture recognizes striking similarities in stance and single wrapped fist of Hausa boxers to images of ancient Egyptian boxers from the 12th and 13th dynasties.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It originally started out among the lower class of Hausa butcher caste groups and later developed into a way of practicing military skills and then into sporting events through generations of Northern Nigerians. It is fought in rounds of three or less which have no time limits. A round ends if an opponent is knocked out, a fighter's knee, body or hand touch the ground, inactivity or halted by an official.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_92-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dambe's primary weapon is the "spear", a single dominant hand wrapped from fist to forearm in thick strips of cotton bandage that is held in place by knotted cord dipped in salt and allowed to dry for maximum body damage on opponents, while the other arm, held open, serve as the "shield" to protect fighters head from opponent's blows or used to grab an opponent. Fighters usually end up with split brows, broken jaws and noses or even sustain brain damage. Dambe fighters may receive money, cattle, farm produce or jewelry as winnings but generally it was fought for fame from representations of towns and fighting clans.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_92-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dembe_game.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Dembe_game.jpg/300px-Dembe_game.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Dembe_game.jpg/450px-Dembe_game.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Dembe_game.jpg/600px-Dembe_game.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="950" /></a><figcaption>Hausa traditional boxing called <a href="/wiki/Dambe" title="Dambe">Dambe</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Food">Food</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hausa_people&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Food"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kyinkyinga_(8640795804).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Kyinkyinga_%288640795804%29.jpg/220px-Kyinkyinga_%288640795804%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Kyinkyinga_%288640795804%29.jpg/330px-Kyinkyinga_%288640795804%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Kyinkyinga_%288640795804%29.jpg/440px-Kyinkyinga_%288640795804%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3049" data-file-height="2310" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kyinkyinga" title="Kyinkyinga">Kyinkyinga</a> (suya), a popular marinated kebab, prepared by a Ghanaian Hausa street vendor in Ghana</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%22Kilishi%22.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/%22Kilishi%22.JPG/220px-%22Kilishi%22.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/%22Kilishi%22.JPG/330px-%22Kilishi%22.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/%22Kilishi%22.JPG/440px-%22Kilishi%22.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3680" data-file-height="2760" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kilishi" title="Kilishi">Kilishi</a>, a Hausa delicacy similar to <a href="/wiki/Jerky" title="Jerky">jerky</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The most common food that the Hausa people prepare consists of <a href="/wiki/Cereal" title="Cereal">grains</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Sorghum" title="Sorghum">sorghum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Millet" title="Millet">millet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">rice</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">maize</a>, which are ground into flour for a variety of different kinds of dishes. This food is popularly known as <i>tuwo</i> in the Hausa language. </p><p>Usually, breakfast consists of <a href="/wiki/Cakes" class="mw-redirect" title="Cakes">cakes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dumplings" class="mw-redirect" title="Dumplings">dumplings</a> made from ground beans and fried, known as <i><a href="/wiki/Koose" title="Koose">kosai</a></i>; or made from wheat flour soaked for a day, fried and served with sugar or chili, known as <i><a href="/wiki/Funkaso" title="Funkaso">funkaso</a></i>. Both of these cakes can be served with <a href="/wiki/Porridge" title="Porridge">porridge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">sugar</a> known as <i>kunu</i> or <i>koko</i>. Lunch or dinner usually feature a heavy porridge with soup and stew known as <i>tuwo da miya</i>. The soup and stew are usually prepared with ground or chopped <a href="/wiki/Tomato" title="Tomato">tomatoes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Onion" title="Onion">onions</a>, and local spices. </p><p>Spices and other vegetables, such as <a href="/wiki/Spinach" title="Spinach">spinach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pumpkin" title="Pumpkin">pumpkin</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Okra" title="Okra">okra</a>, are added to the soup during preparation. The stew is prepared with meat, which can include goat or cow meat, but not pork, due to Islamic food restrictions. <a href="/wiki/Beans" class="mw-redirect" title="Beans">Beans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peanut" title="Peanut">peanuts</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Milk" title="Milk">milk</a> are also served as a complementary <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a> diet for the Hausa people. </p><p>The most famous of all Hausa food is most likely <a href="/wiki/Suya" title="Suya">Suya</a>, a spicy <a href="/wiki/Shish_kebab" title="Shish kebab">shish kebab</a> like skewered meat which is a popular food item in various parts of Nigeria and is enjoyed as a delicacy in much of <a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West Africa</a> and balangu or gashi. </p><p>A dried version of Suya is called <a href="/wiki/Kilishi" title="Kilishi">Kilishi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Raw_Story-2012_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raw_Story-2012-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hausa_people&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hausa Language has been written in modified Arabic script, known as Ajami, since pre-colonial times. The earliest Hausa Ajami manuscript with reliable date is the Ruwayar Annabi Musa by the Kano scholar Abdullah Suka, who lived in the 1600s. This manuscript may be seen in the collection of the Jos Museum.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other well-known scholars and saints of the Sufi order from Katsina, <a href="/wiki/Dan_Marina" title="Dan Marina">Danmarina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dan_Masanih" title="Dan Masanih">Danmasani</a> have been composing Ajami and Arabic poetry from much earlier times also in the 1600s. Gradually, increasing number of Hausa Ajami manuscripts were written which increased in volume through the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and continuing into the twentieth century. With the nineteenth century witnessing even more impetus due to the <a href="/wiki/Usman_dan_Fodio" title="Usman dan Fodio">Usman dan Fodio</a> Islamic reform, himself a copious writer who encouraged literacy and scholarship, for both men and women, as a result of which several of his daughters emerged as scholars and writers.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://guardian.ng/sunday-magazine/usman-dan-fodio-a-great-reformer/">[1]</a> Ajami book publishing today has become greatly surpassed by romanized Hausa, or Boko, publishing. </p><p>A modern literary movement led by female Hausa writers has grown since the late 1980s when writer <a href="/wiki/Balaraba_Ramat_Yakubu" title="Balaraba Ramat Yakubu">Balaraba Ramat Yakubu</a> came to popularity. In time, the writers spurred a unique genre known as Kano market literature — so named because the books are often self-published and sold in the markets of Nigeria. The subversive nature of these novels, which are often romantic and family dramas that are otherwise hard to find in the Hausa tradition and lifestyle, have made them popular, especially among female readers. The genre is also referred to as <i>littattafan soyayya</i>, or "love literature."<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hausa_symbolism">Hausa symbolism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hausa_people&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Hausa symbolism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A "Hausa <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_flag" title="Ethnic flag">ethnic flag</a>" was proposed in 1966 (according to online reports dated 2001). It shows five horizontal stripes—from top to bottom in red, yellow, indigo blue, green, and khaki beige.<sup id="cite_ref-Hausa_ethnic_flag_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hausa_ethnic_flag-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An older and traditionally established emblem of Hausa identity, the 'Dagin Arewa' or Northern knot, in a star shape, is used in historic architecture, design and embroidery.<sup id="cite_ref-Hausa_ethnic_flag_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hausa_ethnic_flag-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hausa_people&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hausa_language" title="Hausa language">Hausa language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hausa_Kingdoms" title="Hausa Kingdoms">Hausa Kingdoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hausa_architecture" title="Hausa architecture">Hausa architecture</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hausa_Folk-lore" title="Hausa Folk-lore">Hausa Folk-lore</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hausa_people" title="List of Hausa people">List of Hausa people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hausa_music" title="Hausa music">Hausa Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hausa_Day" title="Hausa Day">Hausa Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cushitic-speaking_peoples" title="Cushitic-speaking peoples">Cushitic-speaking peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habesha_peoples" title="Habesha peoples">Habesha peoples</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hausa_people&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Flag_of_the_stateless_nations-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Flag_of_the_stateless_nations_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stateless-nations.com/">"Flag of the Stateless Nations"</a>. Stateless-nations.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Flag+of+the+Stateless+Nations&rft.pub=Stateless-nations.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stateless-nations.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHausa+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hausa_ethnic_flag-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hausa_ethnic_flag_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hausa_ethnic_flag_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hausa_ethnic_flag_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130313025512/http://www.fotw.us/Flags/ng%7Dhausa.html">"Hausa ethnic flag"</a>. <i>www.fotw.us</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fotw.us/Flags/ng%7Dhausa.html#nr">the original</a> on 13 March 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.fotw.us&rft.atitle=Hausa+ethnic+flag&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fotw.us%2FFlags%2Fng%257Dhausa.html%23nr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHausa+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LoC-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LoC_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRenne2002" class="citation journal cs1">Renne, Elisha (January 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/tsaconf/542/">"Hausa Hand-Embroidery and Local Development in Northern Nigeria"</a>. <i>Textile Society of America Symposium Proceedings</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Textile+Society+of+America+Symposium+Proceedings&rft.atitle=Hausa+Hand-Embroidery+and+Local+Development+in+Northern+Nigeria&rft.date=2002-01&rft.aulast=Renne&rft.aufirst=Elisha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcommons.unl.edu%2Ftsaconf%2F542%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHausa+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-embr-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-embr_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collection.maas.museum/object/198484">"Hausa embroidered tunic"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hausa+embroidered+tunic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcollection.maas.museum%2Fobject%2F198484&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHausa+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nigeria_CIA-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nigeria_CIA_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/nigeria/">Nigeria country profile</a> at CIA's <i><a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a></i>: "Hausa 30%" out of a population of 236,747,130 (2024 estimate).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CIA-2021-Niger-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CIA-2021-Niger_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/niger/#people-and-society">"Africa: Niger – The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency"</a>. <i>www.cia.gov</i>. 27 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.voahausa.com&rft.atitle=VOA+Hausa+%E2%80%93+Muryar+Amurka&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.voahausa.com%2Fshirye-shirye&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHausa+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trtafrika.com/ha">"Hausa"</a>. <i>trtafrika.com/ha</i>. TRT AFRIKA<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=trtafrika.com%2Fha&rft.atitle=Hausa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrtafrika.com%2Fha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHausa+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blueprint.ng/turkish-radios-plan-to-set-up-hausa-service/">"Turkish Radio's plan to set up Hausa Service"</a>. <i>blueprint.ng</i>. blueprint<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=blueprint.ng&rft.atitle=Turkish+Radio%E2%80%99s+plan+to+set+up+Hausa+Service&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblueprint.ng%2Fturkish-radios-plan-to-set-up-hausa-service%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHausa+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hausa.cri.cn/2024/08/29/ARTINMC96PfK8XcCYIhPX0Zr240829.shtml">"HAUSA"</a>. <i>hausa.cri.cn</i>. China Radio International.CRI<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hausa.cri.cn&rft.atitle=HAUSA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhausa.cri.cn%2F2024%2F08%2F29%2FARTINMC96PfK8XcCYIhPX0Zr240829.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHausa+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=hausa.radiobbc&hl=en_US">"Hausa Radio - BBC, VOA, DW RFI"</a>. <i>play.google.com</i>. Google Play<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=play.google.com&rft.atitle=Hausa+Radio+-+BBC%2C+VOA%2C+DW+RFI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplay.google.com%2Fstore%2Fapps%2Fdetails%3Fid%3Dhausa.radiobbc%26hl%3Den_US&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHausa+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/ha/shirye-shiryen-dw-hausa/s-67085882">"Shirye-shiryen DW Hausa"</a>. <i>www.dw.com/ha/batutuwa/s-11603</i>. 2024 Deutsche Welle<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.dw.com%2Fha%2Fbatutuwa%2Fs-11603&rft.atitle=Shirye-shiryen+DW+Hausa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fha%2Fshirye-shiryen-dw-hausa%2Fs-67085882&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHausa+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/ha/shugaban-nlc-ya-amsa-gayyatar-yan-sanda/a-70082875">"Najeriya: Mai ke tsakanin gwamnati da NLC?"</a>. <i>www.dw.com/ha/batutuwa/s-11603</i>. 2024 Deutsche Welle<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.dw.com%2Fha%2Fbatutuwa%2Fs-11603&rft.atitle=Najeriya%3A+Mai+ke+tsakanin+gwamnati+da+NLC%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fha%2Fshugaban-nlc-ya-amsa-gayyatar-yan-sanda%2Fa-70082875&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHausa+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robinson, David, <i>Muslim Societies in African History</i> (Cambridge, 2004), p141</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Adeline Masquelier. <i>Prayer Has Spoiled Everything: Possession, Power, and Identity in an Islamic Town of Niger</i>. Duke University Press (2001) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-2639-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-2639-7">978-0-8223-2639-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFE._Lovejoy1986" class="citation book cs1">E. Lovejoy, Paul (1986). <i>Salt of the Desert Sun: A History of Salt Production and Trade in the Central Sudan (African Studies)</i>. The Press syndicate of the University of Cambridge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-524334" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-524334"><bdi>0-521-524334</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Salt+of+the+Desert+Sun%3A+A+History+of+Salt+Production+and+Trade+in+the+Central+Sudan+%28African+Studies%29&rft.pub=The+Press+syndicate+of+the+University+of+Cambridge&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0-521-524334&rft.aulast=E.+Lovejoy&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHausa+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto4-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-auto4_90-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/12070/GH">"Hausa in Ghana"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hausa+in+Ghana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjoshuaproject.net%2Fpeople_groups%2F12070%2FGH&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHausa+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ateliermasomi.com-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ateliermasomi.com_91-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ateliermasomi.com_91-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190720075646/http://www.ateliermasomi.com/blog/187">"Building Facades in Hausa Architecture"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ateliermasomi.com/blog/187">the original</a> on 2019-07-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Building+Facades+in+Hausa+Architecture&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ateliermasomi.com%2Fblog%2F187&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHausa+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_92-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_92-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_92-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIyorah" class="citation web cs1">Iyorah, Festus. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2018/6/18/dambe-how-an-ancient-form-of-nigerian-boxing-swept-the-internet">"Dambe: How an ancient form of Nigerian boxing swept the internet"</a>. <i>Al Jazeera</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Dambe%3A+How+an+ancient+form+of+Nigerian+boxing+swept+the+internet&rft.aulast=Iyorah&rft.aufirst=Festus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Ffeatures%2F2018%2F6%2F18%2Fdambe-how-an-ancient-form-of-nigerian-boxing-swept-the-internet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHausa+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Raw_Story-2012-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Raw_Story-2012_93-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAgence_France-Presse2012" class="citation news cs1">Agence France-Presse (22 May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140407092318/http://www.rawstory.com/rs/2012/05/22/nigerian-roadside-barbecue-shacks-thrive-in-the-midst-of-islamist-insurgency/">"Nigerian roadside barbecue shacks thrive in the midst of Islamist insurgency"</a>. <i>The Raw Story</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rawstory.com/rs/2012/05/22/nigerian-roadside-barbecue-shacks-thrive-in-the-midst-of-islamist-insurgency/">the original</a> on 7 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Raw+Story&rft.atitle=Nigerian+roadside+barbecue+shacks+thrive+in+the+midst+of+Islamist+insurgency&rft.date=2012-05-22&rft.au=Agence+France-Presse&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rawstory.com%2Frs%2F2012%2F05%2F22%2Fnigerian-roadside-barbecue-shacks-thrive-in-the-midst-of-islamist-insurgency%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHausa+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYahaya1988" class="citation book cs1">Yahaya, Ibrahim Yaro (January 1, 1988). <i>Ruwayar Annabi Musa</i>. Kamfanin Buga Littattafai na Nigeria ta Arewa. p. 344. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9781692444" title="Special:BookSources/978-9781692444"><bdi>978-9781692444</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ruwayar+Annabi+Musa&rft.pages=344&rft.pub=Kamfanin+Buga+Littattafai+na+Nigeria+ta+Arewa&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.isbn=978-9781692444&rft.aulast=Yahaya&rft.aufirst=Ibrahim+Yaro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHausa+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Laura Mallonee, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/2016/02/glenna-gordon-diagram-heart/">The Subversive Women Who Self-Publish Novels Amid Jihadist War</a>, Wired, 17 February 2016.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hausa_people&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bivins, Mary Wren. <i>Telling Stories, Making Histories: Women, Words, and Islam in Nineteenth-Century Hausaland and the Sokoto Caliphate</i> (Portsmouth, New Hampshire, Heinemann, 2007) (Social History of Africa).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Being and becoming Hausa: interdisciplinary perspectives</i>. African social studies series. Anne Haour, Benedetta Rossi (eds.). Leiden; Boston: Brill. 2010. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004185425" title="Special:BookSources/9789004185425"><bdi>9789004185425</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Being+and+becoming+Hausa%3A+interdisciplinary+perspectives&rft.place=Leiden%3B+Boston&rft.series=African+social+studies+series&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9789004185425&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHausa+people" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: others (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others" title="Category:CS1 maint: others">link</a>)</span></li> <li>Liman, Abubakar Aliyu. "Memorializing a legendary figure: Bayajidda the prince of Bagdad in Hausa land." <i>Afrika Focus</i> 32.1 (2019): 125–136. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://brill.com/downloadpdf/journals/afoc/32/1/article-p125_8.pdfonline">[2]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Edward_Philips" title="John Edward Philips">Philips, John Edward</a>. "Hausa in the Twentieth Century: An Overview." in <i>Sudanic Africa, </i>vol. 15, 2004, pp. 55–84. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/25653413">online</a>, on the language of the people</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalamone2010" class="citation book cs1">Salamone, Frank A. (2010). <i>The Hausa of Nigeria</i>. Lanham, MD: University Press of America. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780761847243" title="Special:BookSources/9780761847243"><bdi>9780761847243</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hausa+of+Nigeria&rft.place=Lanham%2C+MD&rft.pub=University+Press+of+America&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780761847243&rft.aulast=Salamone&rft.aufirst=Frank+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHausa+people" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hausa_people&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hausa_people" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Hausa people">Hausa people</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dobbyssignature.com/search/label/Northern%20Nigeria%20Recipes/">All Hausa food recipes</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923215533/http://www.dobbyssignature.com/search/label/Northern%20Nigeria%20Recipes/">Archived</a> 2015-09-23 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070106163339/http://www.uiowa.edu/~africart/toc/people/Hausa.html">Hausa Information at Art and Life in Africa Online</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.everyculture.com/wc/Mauritania-to-Nigeria/Hausa.html">www.everyculture.com</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ethnic_groups_in_Nigeria" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Nigeria" title="Template:Ethnic groups in Nigeria"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethnic_groups_in_Nigeria" title="Template talk:Ethnic groups in Nigeria"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Nigeria" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic groups in Nigeria"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethnic_groups_in_Nigeria" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nigeria#Ethnic_groups" title="Nigeria">Ethnic groups in Nigeria</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afemai_people" title="Afemai people">Afemai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anlo_Ewe" title="Anlo Ewe">Anlo Ewe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaang_people" title="Anaang people">Anaang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afusari" class="mw-redirect" title="Afusari">Afusari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atyap_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Atyap people">Atyap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bariba_people" title="Bariba people">Bariba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berom_people" title="Berom people">Berom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buduma_people" title="Buduma people">Buduma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamba_people" title="Chamba people">Chamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defaka_people" title="Defaka people">Defaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dendi_people" title="Dendi people">Dendi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarma_people" title="Zarma people">Djerma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebira_people" title="Ebira people">Ebira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edo_people" title="Edo people">Edo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efik_people" title="Efik people">Efik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eket" title="Eket">Eket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekoi_people" title="Ekoi people">Ekoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleme_people" title="Eleme people">Eleme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esan_people" title="Esan people">Esan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fon_people" title="Fon people">Fon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fula_people" title="Fula people">Fula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gbagyi_people" title="Gbagyi people">Gbagyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goemai_language" title="Goemai language">Goemai</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hausa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibibio_people" title="Ibibio people">Ibibio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idoma_people" title="Idoma people">Idoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igala_people" title="Igala people">Igala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igede" class="mw-redirect" title="Igede">Igede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_people" title="Igbo people">Igbo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ekpeye_people" title="Ekpeye people">Ekpeye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etche" title="Etche">Etche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikwerre_people" title="Ikwerre people">Ikwerre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukwuani_people" title="Ukwuani people">Ukwuani</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ijaw_people" title="Ijaw people">Ijaw</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bille_tribe" title="Bille tribe">Bille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engenni_people" title="Engenni people">Engenni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibani_tribe" title="Ibani tribe">Ibani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalabari_tribe" title="Kalabari tribe">Kalabari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kula_tribe_(Rivers_State)" title="Kula tribe (Rivers State)">Kula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nkoro_tribe" title="Nkoro tribe">Nkoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nkoroo_people" title="Nkoroo people">Nkoroo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obolo_people" title="Obolo people">Obolo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isoko_people" title="Isoko people">Isoko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itsekiri_people" title="Itsekiri people">Itsekiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iwellemmedan_people" title="Iwellemmedan people">Iwellemmedan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jukun_people_(West_Africa)" title="Jukun people (West Africa)">Jukun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamuku_people" title="Kamuku people">Kamuku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanuri_people" title="Kanuri people">Kanuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilba_people" title="Kilba people">Kilba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirdi" title="Kirdi">Kirdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kofyar_people" title="Kofyar people">Kofyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotoko_people" title="Kotoko people">Kotoko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuteb_people" title="Kuteb people">Kuteb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longuda_people" title="Longuda people">Longuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafa_people" title="Mafa people">Mafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mambila_people" title="Mambila people">Mambilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandara_people" title="Mandara people">Mandara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumuye_people" title="Mumuye people">Mumuye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nupe_people" title="Nupe people">Nupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogba_people" title="Ogba people">Ogba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogoni_people" title="Ogoni people">Ogoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saro_people" title="Saro people">Saro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tera_people" title="Tera people"> Tera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangale_people" title="Tangale people"> Tangale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarok_people" title="Tarok people">Tarok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiv_people" title="Tiv people">Tiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urhobo_people" title="Urhobo people">Urhobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waja_people" title="Waja people"> Waja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yak%C3%B6_people" title="Yakö people">Yakö</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_people" title="Yoruba people">Yoruba</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ijebu_people" title="Ijebu people">Ijebu</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/32px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/48px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/64px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Nigeria" title="Portal:Nigeria">Nigeria portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Links_to_related_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ethnic_groups_in_Benin" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Benin" title="Template:Ethnic groups in Benin"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethnic_groups_in_Benin" title="Template talk:Ethnic groups in Benin"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Benin" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic groups in Benin"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethnic_groups_in_Benin" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Benin#Ethnic_groups" title="Demographics of Benin">Ethnic groups in Benin</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aja_people" title="Aja people">Aja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akan_people" title="Akan people">Akan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ana_people" title="Ana people">Ana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bariba_people" title="Bariba people">Bariba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dendi_people" title="Dendi people">Dendi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewe_people" title="Ewe people">Ewe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anlo_Ewe" title="Anlo Ewe">Anlo Ewe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fon_people" title="Fon people">Fon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fula_people" title="Fula people">Fula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurma_people" title="Gurma people">Gurma</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hausa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurtey_people" title="Kurtey people">Kurtey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamba_people" title="Lamba people">Lamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabye_people" title="Kabye people">Kabye (Lokpa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahi_people" title="Mahi people">Mahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somba_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Somba people">Somba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tammari_people" title="Tammari people">Tammari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9m" class="mw-redirect" title="Tém">Tém</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_people" title="Yoruba people">Yoruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarma_people" title="Zarma people">Zarma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ethnic_groups_in_Cameroon" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Cameroon" title="Template:Ethnic groups in Cameroon"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethnic_groups_in_Cameroon" title="Template talk:Ethnic groups in Cameroon"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Cameroon" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic groups in Cameroon"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethnic_groups_in_Cameroon" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Cameroon" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups in Cameroon">Ethnic groups in Cameroon</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akunakuna" title="Akunakuna">Akunakuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ana_people" title="Ana people">Ana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglophone_Cameroonian" title="Anglophone Cameroonian">Anglo-Cameroonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aro_people" title="Aro people">Aro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bafia_people" title="Bafia people">Bafia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baka_people_(Cameroon_and_Gabon)" title="Baka people (Cameroon and Gabon)">Baka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakoko_people" title="Bakoko people">Bakoko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakossi_people" title="Bakossi people">Bakossi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baligham" title="Baligham">Baligham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamileke_people" title="Bamileke people">Bamileke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamum_people" title="Bamum people">Bamum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banda_people" title="Banda people">Banda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassa_people_(Cameroon)" title="Bassa people (Cameroon)">Bassa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beti-Pahuin_peoples" title="Beti-Pahuin peoples">Beti-Pahuin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beti_people" title="Beti people">Beti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fang_people" title="Fang people">Fang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bubi_people" title="Bubi people">Bubi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buduma_people" title="Buduma people">Buduma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamba_people" title="Chamba people">Chamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duala_people" title="Duala people">Duala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwe%27e_people" title="Dwe'e people">Dwe'e</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekoi_people" title="Ekoi people">Ekoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fula_people" title="Fula people">Fula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gbaya_people" title="Gbaya people">Gbaya</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hausa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanuri_people" title="Kanuri people">Kanuri</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yerwa_Kanuri_people" title="Yerwa Kanuri people">Yerwa Kanuri</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirdi" title="Kirdi">Kirdi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fali_people" title="Fali people">Fali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapsiki_people" title="Kapsiki people">Kapsiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafa_people" title="Mafa people">Mafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masa_people" title="Masa people">Masa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musgum_people" title="Musgum people">Musgum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupuri_people" title="Tupuri people">Tupuri</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kole_people" title="Kole people">Kole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kom_people_(Cameroon)" title="Kom people (Cameroon)">Kom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kombe_people" title="Kombe people">Kombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotoko_people" title="Kotoko people">Kotoko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuteb_people" title="Kuteb people">Kuteb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwe_people" title="Kwe people">Kwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwele_people" title="Kwele people">Kwele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limba_people_(Cameroon)" title="Limba people (Cameroon)">Limba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makaa_people" title="Makaa people">Makaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mambila_people" title="Mambila people">Mambila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandara_people" title="Mandara people">Mandara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mankon" title="Mankon">Mankon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbo_people_(Cameroon)" title="Mbo people (Cameroon)">Mbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mboko_people" title="Mboko people">Mboko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mofu" title="Mofu">Mofu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mungo_people" title="Mungo people">Mungo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Njem_people" title="Njem people">Njem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nso_people" title="Nso people">Nso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nzime_people" title="Nzime people">Nzime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pori_people" title="Pori people">Pori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baggara_Arabs" title="Baggara Arabs">Shuwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subu_people" title="Subu people">Subu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tikar_people" title="Tikar people">Tikar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiv_people" title="Tiv people">Tiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vengo_people" title="Vengo people">Vengo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Widikum_people" title="Widikum people">Widikum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wodaabe" title="Wodaabe">Wodaabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wovea_people" title="Wovea people">Wovea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ethnic_groups_in_Chad" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Chad" title="Template:Ethnic groups in Chad"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethnic_groups_in_Chad" title="Template talk:Ethnic groups in Chad"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Chad" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic groups in Chad"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethnic_groups_in_Chad" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Chad" title="Ethnic groups in Chad">Ethnic groups in Chad</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amdang_people" title="Amdang people">Amdang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baggara_Arabs" title="Baggara Arabs">Baggara Arabs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shuweihat_tribe" title="Shuweihat tribe">Shuweihat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagirmi_people" title="Bagirmi people">Bagirmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buduma_people" title="Buduma people">Buduma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dar_Daju_Daju_people" title="Dar Daju Daju people">Dar Daju Daju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fongoro_people" title="Fongoro people">Fongoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fula_people" title="Fula people">Fula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fur_people" title="Fur people">Fur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gula_people" title="Gula people">Gula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haddad_people" title="Haddad people">Haddad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadjarai_peoples" title="Hadjarai peoples">Hadjarai</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hausa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanuri_people" title="Kanuri people">Kanuri</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kanembu_people" title="Kanembu people">Kanembu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerwa_Kanuri_people" title="Yerwa Kanuri people">Yerwa Kanuri</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_people" title="Kim people">Kim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotoko_people" title="Kotoko people">Kotoko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kujarke_people" title="Kujarke people">Kujarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisi_people" title="Lisi people">Lisi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bilala_people" title="Bilala people">Bilala</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maba_people" title="Maba people">Maba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandara_people" title="Mandara people">Mandara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandinka_people" title="Mandinka people">Mandinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mararit_people" title="Mararit people">Mararit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masa_people" title="Masa people">Masa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masalit_people" title="Masalit people">Masalit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musgum_people" title="Musgum people">Musgum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sara_people" title="Sara people">Sara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinyar_people" title="Sinyar people">Sinyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_refugees_in_Chad" title="Sudanese refugees in Chad">Sudanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sungor_people" title="Sungor people">Sungor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tama_people" title="Tama people">Tama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kimr_people" title="Kimr people">Kimr</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toubou_people" title="Toubou people">Toubou</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gouran" class="mw-redirect" title="Gouran">Gouran</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anakaza_tribe" title="Anakaza tribe">Anakaza</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunjur_people" title="Tunjur people">Tunjur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupuri_people" title="Tupuri people">Tupuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaghawa_people" title="Zaghawa people">Zaghawa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bidayat_dialect" title="Bidayat dialect">Bidayat</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ethnic_groups_in_Ghana" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_of_Ghana" title="Template:Ethnic groups of Ghana"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethnic_groups_of_Ghana" title="Template talk:Ethnic groups of Ghana"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic_groups_of_Ghana" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic groups of Ghana"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethnic_groups_in_Ghana" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethnic_groups_in_Ghana" title="Category:Ethnic groups in Ghana">Ethnic groups in Ghana</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indigenous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adele_people" title="Adele people">Adele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agave_people" title="Agave people">Agave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akan_people" title="Akan people">Akan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abidji_people" title="Abidji people">Abidji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahafo" title="Ahafo">Ahafo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akyem" title="Akyem">Akyem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anyi_people" title="Anyi people">Anyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahanta_people" title="Ahanta people">Ahanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asante_people" title="Asante people">Ashanti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assin" title="Assin">Assin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avatime_people" title="Avatime people">Avatime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bono_people" title="Bono people">Bono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evalue_people" title="Evalue people">Evalue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fante_people" title="Fante people">Fante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nzema_people" title="Nzema people">Nzema</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moba_people" title="Moba people">Bimoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bissa_people" title="Bissa people">Bissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chumburu" title="Chumburu">Chumburu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagaaba_people" title="Dagaaba people">Dagaaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagomba_people" title="Dagomba people">Dagomba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyula_people" title="Dyula people">Dyula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewe_people" title="Ewe people">Ewe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anlo_Ewe" title="Anlo Ewe">Anlo Ewe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avenor_Ewe" title="Avenor Ewe">Avenor Ewe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frafra_people" title="Frafra people">Frafra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ga-Adangbe_people" title="Ga-Adangbe people">Ga-Adangbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guang_people" title="Guang people">Guang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Efutu_people" title="Efutu people">Efutu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonja_people" title="Gonja people">Gonja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyode_people" title="Kyode people">Kyode</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurunsi_people" title="Gurunsi people">Gurunsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakhanke" title="Jakhanke">Jakhanke</a></li> <li>Karamogo</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kassena" title="Kassena">Kassena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konkomba_people" title="Konkomba people">Konkomba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krobo_people" title="Krobo people">Krobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kusasi_people" title="Kusasi people">Kusasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logba_people" title="Logba people">Logba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamprusi_people" title="Mamprusi people">Mamprusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nafana_people" title="Nafana people">Nafana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallensi" title="Tallensi">Tallensi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tem_people" title="Tem people">Tem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tshi" title="Tshi">Tshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wala_people" title="Wala people">Wala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeji" title="Yeji">Yeji</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-indigenous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hausa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fula_people" title="Fula people">Fula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mossi_people" title="Mossi people">Mossi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soninke_people" title="Soninke people">Soninke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_people" title="Yoruba people">Yoruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarma_people" title="Zarma people">Zarma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Ghana" title="African Americans in Ghana">African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_Arabs" title="Ghanaian Arabs">Arabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Ghana" title="Chinese people in Ghana">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Coast_Euro-Africans" title="Gold Coast Euro-Africans">Gold Coast Euro-Africans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_Indian" title="Ghanaian Indian">Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabom_people" title="Tabom people">Tabom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ethnic_groups_in_the_Ivory_Coast" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_the_Ivory_Coast" title="Template:Ethnic groups in the Ivory Coast"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethnic_groups_in_the_Ivory_Coast" title="Template talk:Ethnic groups in the Ivory Coast"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_the_Ivory_Coast" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic groups in the Ivory Coast"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethnic_groups_in_the_Ivory_Coast" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Ivory_Coast" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups in Ivory Coast">Ethnic groups in the Ivory Coast</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akan_people" title="Akan people">Akan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abb%C3%A9_people" title="Abbé people">Abbé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adjoukrou_people" title="Adjoukrou people">Adjoukrou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anyi_people" title="Anyi people">Anyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aowin" title="Aowin">Aowin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attie_people" title="Attie people">Attie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avikam_people" title="Avikam people">Avikam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoul%C3%A9_people" title="Baoulé people">Baoulé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bono_people" title="Bono people">Bono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evalue_people" title="Evalue people">Evalue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fante_people" title="Fante people">Fante</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabs_in_Ivory_Coast" title="Arabs in Ivory Coast">Arabs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_people_in_Ivory_Coast" title="Lebanese people in Ivory Coast">Lebanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_people_in_Ivory_Coast" title="French people in Ivory Coast">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Ivory_Coast" title="History of the Jews in Ivory Coast">Jews</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%27Bato" title="M'Bato">M'Bato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tchaman" title="Tchaman">Tchaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wassa" class="mw-redirect" title="Wassa">Wassa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9t%C3%A9_people" title="Bété people">Bété</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djimini_people" title="Djimini people">Djimini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyula_people" title="Dyula people">Dyula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fula_people" title="Fula people">Fula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gagu_people" title="Gagu people">Gagu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gio_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Gio people">Gio</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hausa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krahn_people" title="Krahn people">Krahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobi_people" title="Lobi people">Lobi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandinka_people" title="Mandinka people">Mandinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mossi_people" title="Mossi people">Mossi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senufo_people" title="Senufo people">Senufo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_people" title="Yoruba people">Yoruba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Demographics_of_Togo" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Togo" title="Template:Ethnic groups in Togo"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethnic_groups_in_Togo" title="Template talk:Ethnic groups in Togo"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Togo" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic groups in Togo"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Demographics_of_Togo" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Togo" title="Demographics of Togo">Demographics of Togo</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adele_people" title="Adele people">Adele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agome_(people)" title="Agome (people)">Agome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aja_people" title="Aja people">Aja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ana_people" title="Ana people">Ana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bissa_people" title="Bissa people">Bissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dendi_people" title="Dendi people">Dendi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewe_people" title="Ewe people">Ewe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fula_people" title="Fula people">Fula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ga-Adangbe_people" title="Ga-Adangbe people">Ga-Adangbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurma_people" title="Gurma people">Gurma</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hausa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabye_people" title="Kabye people">Kabye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kposo_people" title="Kposo people">Kposo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamba_people" title="Lamba people">Lamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Losso_people" title="Losso people">Losso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamprusi_people" title="Mamprusi people">Mamprusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tem_people" title="Tem people">Tem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_people" title="Yoruba people">Yoruba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33938#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" 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tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Hausové"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph117599&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007550619805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/02773286X">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hausa_people&oldid=1258910693">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hausa_people&oldid=1258910693</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hausa_people" title="Category:Hausa people">Hausa people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hausa" title="Category:Hausa">Hausa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethnic_groups_in_Cameroon" title="Category:Ethnic groups in Cameroon">Ethnic groups in Cameroon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethnic_groups_in_Chad" title="Category:Ethnic groups in Chad">Ethnic groups in Chad</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethnic_groups_in_Ivory_Coast" title="Category:Ethnic groups in Ivory Coast">Ethnic groups in Ivory Coast</a></li><li><a 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ethnoreligious groups in Africa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Afroasiatic_peoples" title="Category:Afroasiatic peoples">Afroasiatic peoples</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:West_African_people" title="Category:West African people">West African people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hausa_history" title="Category:Hausa history">Hausa history</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethnic_groups_in_Benin" title="Category:Ethnic groups in Benin">Ethnic groups in Benin</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">CS1 maint: location missing publisher</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_French-language_sources_(fr)" title="Category:Articles with French-language sources (fr)">Articles with French-language sources (fr)</a></li><li><a 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