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id="toc-Local_Government_Areas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Displaced_People" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Displaced_People"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Displaced People</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Displaced_People-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Natural_resources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Natural_resources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Natural resources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Natural_resources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Companies/Industries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Companies/Industries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Companies/Industries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Companies/Industries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Borno State</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 59 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-59" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">59 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%88_(%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9)" title="برنو (ولاية) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="برنو (ولاية)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borno_%C5%9Ftat%C4%B1" title="Borno ştatı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Borno ştatı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%88_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="بورنو ایالتی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بورنو ایالتی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borno_Chiu" title="Borno Chiu – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Borno Chiu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borno_State" title="Borno State – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Borno State" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Борно – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Борно" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borno_(Nigeria)" title="Borno (Nigeria) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Borno (Nigeria)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estat_de_Borno" title="Estat de Borno – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Estat de Borno" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borno_State" title="Borno State – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Borno State" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borno" title="Borno – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Borno" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borno" title="Borno – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Borno" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borno" title="Borno – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Borno" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borno_osariik" title="Borno osariik – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Borno osariik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estado_de_Borno" title="Estado de Borno – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Estado de Borno" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Ctato_Borno" title="Ŝtato Borno – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ŝtato Borno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borno_(Nigeria)" title="Borno (Nigeria) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Borno (Nigeria)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%88" title="ایالت بورنو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ایالت بورنو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tat_de_Borno" title="État de Borno – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="État de Borno" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diiwal_Borno" title="Diiwal Borno – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Diiwal Borno" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estado_de_Borno" title="Estado de Borno – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Estado de Borno" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B3%B4%EB%A5%B4%EB%85%B8%EC%A3%BC" title="보르노주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="보르노주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borno" title="Borno – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Borno" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="बोरनो राज्य – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बोरनो राज्य" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C8%AEra_Borno" title="Ȯra Borno – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ȯra Borno" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borno" title="Borno – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Borno" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borno_(stato)" title="Borno (stato) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Borno (stato)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%95_(%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94)" title="בורנו (ניגריה) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בורנו (ניגריה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ბორნოს შტატი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბორნოს შტატი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borno_(jimbo)" title="Borno (jimbo) – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Borno (jimbo)" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borno_(par%C3%AAzgeh)" title="Borno (parêzgeh) – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Borno (parêzgeh)" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE_(%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Борно (штат) – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Борно (штат)" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Борно – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Борно" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcm mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borno_State" title="Borno State – Nigerian Pidgin" lang="pcm" hreflang="pcm" data-title="Borno State" data-language-autonym="Naijá" data-language-local-name="Nigerian Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Naijá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borno_(staat)" title="Borno (staat) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Borno (staat)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9C%E3%83%AB%E3%83%8E%E5%B7%9E" title="ボルノ州 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ボルノ州" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borno_(Bundesstoot)" title="Borno (Bundesstoot) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Borno (Bundesstoot)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borno_(delstat)" title="Borno (delstat) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Borno (delstat)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borno" title="Borno – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Borno" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borno_(stan)" title="Borno (stan) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Borno (stan)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borno_(estado)" title="Borno (estado) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Borno (estado)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statul_Borno" title="Statul Borno – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Statul Borno" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE_(%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Борно (штат) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Борно (штат)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%9D_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%BA_(%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80)" title="බෝර්නෝ ප්‍රාන්තය (නයිජීරියාව) – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="බෝර්නෝ ප්‍රාන්තය (නයිජීරියාව)" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borno_State" title="Borno State – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Borno State" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%88_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="بورنو رياست – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="بورنو رياست" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Борно – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Борно" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borno" title="Borno – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Borno" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borno" title="Borno – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Borno" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borno_(eyalet)" title="Borno (eyalet) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Borno (eyalet)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%CC%B1tet_Ba%CC%B1ri%CC%B1no" title="Si̱tet Ba̱ri̱no – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Si̱tet Ba̱ri̱no" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE_(%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Борно (штат) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Борно (штат)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%88_%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="بورنو ریاست – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بورنو ریاست" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borno_(bang)" title="Borno (bang) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Borno (bang)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borno_(estado)" title="Borno (estado) – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Borno (estado)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Cp%C3%ADnl%E1%BA%B9%CC%80_Borno" title="Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ìpínlẹ̀ Borno" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borno" title="Borno – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Borno" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%BA%E5%B7%9E" title="博尔诺州 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="博尔诺州" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BB%8Dr%E1%BB%8Dnu" title="Bọrọnu – Obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Bọrọnu" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-igl mw-list-item"><a href="https://igl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borno_State" title="Borno State – Igala" lang="igl" hreflang="igl" data-title="Borno State" data-language-autonym="Igala" data-language-local-name="Igala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igala</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q130626#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Borno_State" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Borno_State&params=11_30_N_13_00_E_region:NG_type:adm1st"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">11°30′N</span> <span class="longitude">13°00′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">11.500°N 13.000°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">11.500; 13.000</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Borno_state&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Borno state">Borno state</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">State of Nigeria</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style 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.ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Lead_too_long plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-lead_too_long" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article's <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">lead section</a> may be too long</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please read the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section#Length" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">length guidelines</a> and help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Borno_State&action=edit">move details into the article's body</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">State in Nigeria</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Borno</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/States_of_Nigeria" title="States of Nigeria">State</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Borno_State_Flag.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Borno"><img alt="Flag of Borno State" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Borno_State_Flag.gif/130px-Borno_State_Flag.gif" decoding="async" width="130" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Borno_State_Flag.gif/195px-Borno_State_Flag.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Borno_State_Flag.gif/260px-Borno_State_Flag.gif 2x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="216" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Borno_State.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Borno"><img alt="Seal of Borno State" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Seal_of_Borno_State.png/98px-Seal_of_Borno_State.png" decoding="async" width="98" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Seal_of_Borno_State.png/147px-Seal_of_Borno_State.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Seal_of_Borno_State.png/196px-Seal_of_Borno_State.png 2x" data-file-width="226" data-file-height="231" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Seal</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nicknames: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nigerian_state_nicknames" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Nigerian state nicknames">Home of Peace</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nigeria_-_Borno.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Borno State in Nigeria"><img alt="Location of Borno State in Nigeria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Nigeria_-_Borno.svg/250px-Nigeria_-_Borno.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Nigeria_-_Borno.svg/375px-Nigeria_-_Borno.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Nigeria_-_Borno.svg/500px-Nigeria_-_Borno.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="954" data-file-height="734" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Borno State in Nigeria</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Borno_State&params=11_30_N_13_00_E_region:NG_type:adm1st"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">11°30′N</span> <span class="longitude">13°00′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">11.500°N 13.000°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">11.500; 13.000</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nigerian_states_by_date_of_statehood" title="List of Nigerian states by date of statehood">Date created</a></th><td class="infobox-data">3 February 1976</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nigerian_state_capitals" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Nigerian state capitals">Capital</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Maiduguri" title="Maiduguri">Maiduguri</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent">Government of Borno State</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Borno_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Borno State">Governor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Babagana_Umara_Zulum" class="mw-redirect" title="Babagana Umara Zulum">Babagana Umara Zulum</a> (<a href="/wiki/All_Progressives_Congress" title="All Progressives Congress">APC</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Governor_of_Borno_State" title="Deputy Governor of Borno State">Deputy Governor</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Umar_Usman_Kadafur" title="Umar Usman Kadafur">Umar Usman Kadafur</a> (<a href="/wiki/All_Progressives_Congress_(Nigeria)" class="mw-redirect" title="All Progressives Congress (Nigeria)">APC</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Borno_State_House_of_Assembly" title="Borno State House of Assembly">Borno State House of Assembly</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Nigeria" title="Senate of Nigeria">Senators</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">C: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaka_Shehu_Lawan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaka Shehu Lawan (page does not exist)">Kaka Shehu Lawan</a> (<a href="/wiki/All_Progressives_Congress_(Nigeria)" class="mw-redirect" title="All Progressives Congress (Nigeria)">APC</a>)</span><br /><span class="nowrap">N: <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Tahir_Monguno" title="Mohammed Tahir Monguno">Mohammed Tahir Monguno</a> (<a href="/wiki/All_Progressives_Congress_(Nigeria)" class="mw-redirect" title="All Progressives Congress (Nigeria)">APC</a>)</span><br /><span class="nowrap">S: <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Ali_Ndume" title="Mohammed Ali Ndume">Mohammed Ali Ndume</a> (<a href="/wiki/All_Progressives_Congress_(Nigeria)" class="mw-redirect" title="All Progressives Congress (Nigeria)">APC</a>)</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Nigerian_House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="Nigerian House of Representatives">Representatives</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_National_Assembly_delegation_from_Borno" title="Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Borno">List</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">70,898 km<sup>2</sup> (27,374 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nigerian_states_by_area" title="List of Nigerian states by area">2nd of 36</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2022)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">6,111,500</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nigerian_states_by_population" title="List of Nigerian states by population">12th of 36</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">86/km<sup>2</sup> (220/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nigerian_states_by_GDP" title="List of Nigerian states by GDP">GDP (PPP)</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Year</th><td class="infobox-data">2021</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total</th><td class="infobox-data">$12.67 billion<sup id="cite_ref-C-GIDD_GDP_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C-GIDD_GDP-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">$1,823<sup id="cite_ref-C-GIDD_GDP_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C-GIDD_GDP-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B01" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+01">UTC+01</a> (<a href="/wiki/West_Africa_Time" title="West Africa Time">WAT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Postal codes</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">600001</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dialing Code</th><td class="infobox-data">+234</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:NG" title="ISO 3166-2:NG">NG-BO</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> (2022)</th><td class="infobox-data">0.464<sup id="cite_ref-GlobalDataLab_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GlobalDataLab-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#900">low</span> · <a href="/wiki/List_of_Nigerian_states_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Nigerian states by Human Development Index">30th of 37</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Borno State</b> is a <a href="/wiki/States_of_Nigeria" title="States of Nigeria">state</a> in the <a href="/wiki/North_East_(Nigeria)" title="North East (Nigeria)">North-East geopolitical zone</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>. It is bordered by <a href="/wiki/Yobe_State" title="Yobe State">Yobe</a> to the west for about 421 km, <a href="/wiki/Gombe_State" title="Gombe State">Gombe</a> to the southwest for 93 km, and <a href="/wiki/Adamawa_State" title="Adamawa State">Adamawa</a> to the south while its eastern border forms part of the national <a href="/wiki/Cameroon-Nigeria_border" class="mw-redirect" title="Cameroon-Nigeria border">border with</a> <a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a> for about 426 km (265 miles, partly across the Ebedi and Kalia Rivers). Its northern border forms part of the national <a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Nigeria_border" title="Niger–Nigeria border">border with</a> <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a> for about 223 km, mostly across the Komadougou-Yobe River, and its northeastern border forms all of the national <a href="/wiki/Chad%E2%80%93Nigeria_border" title="Chad–Nigeria border">border with</a> <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a> for 85 km (53 miles). It is the only Nigerian state to border up to three countries. It takes its name from the historic <a href="/wiki/Borno_Emirate" title="Borno Emirate">emirate of Borno</a>, with the emirate's old capital of <a href="/wiki/Maiduguri" title="Maiduguri">Maiduguri</a> serving as the capital city of Borno State. The state was formed in 1976 when the former <a href="/wiki/North-Eastern_State" title="North-Eastern State">North-Eastern State</a> was broken up. It originally included the area that is now <a href="/wiki/Yobe_State" title="Yobe State">Yobe State</a>, which became a distinct state in 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Borno is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Nigerian_states_by_area" title="List of Nigerian states by area">second largest in area</a> of the <a href="/wiki/States_of_Nigeria" title="States of Nigeria">36 states</a>, only behind <a href="/wiki/Niger_State" title="Niger State">Niger State</a>. Despite its size, the state is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Nigerian_states_by_population" title="List of Nigerian states by population">eleventh most populous</a> with an estimated population of about 5.86 million as of 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Geographically, the state is divided between the <a href="/wiki/Semi-desert" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-desert">semi-desert</a> <a href="/wiki/Sahelian_savanna" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahelian savanna">Sahelian savanna</a> in the north and the <a href="/wiki/West_Sudanian_savanna" title="West Sudanian savanna">West Sudanian savanna</a> in the centre and south with a part of the montane <a href="/wiki/Mandara_Plateau_mosaic" title="Mandara Plateau mosaic">Mandara Plateau</a> in the southeast. In the far northeast of the state is the Nigerian portion of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Chad" title="Lake Chad">Lake Chad</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Lake_Chad_flooded_savanna" title="Lake Chad flooded savanna">Lake Chad flooded savanna</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_ecoregions_in_Nigeria" title="List of ecoregions in Nigeria">ecoregion</a>; the lake is fed by the <a href="/wiki/Yobe_River" title="Yobe River">Yobe River</a> which forms the state's <a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Nigeria_border" title="Niger–Nigeria border">border with</a> <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a> until it reaches the lakebed. In the centre of the state is part of the <a href="/wiki/Chad_Basin_National_Park" title="Chad Basin National Park">Chad Basin National Park</a>, a large <a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Nigeria" title="List of national parks of Nigeria">national park</a> that contains populations of <a href="/wiki/Black_crowned_crane" title="Black crowned crane">black crowned crane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spotted_hyena" title="Spotted hyena">spotted hyena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patas_monkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Patas monkey">patas monkey</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Roan_antelope" title="Roan antelope">roan antelope</a> along with transient herds of some of Nigeria's last remaining <a href="/wiki/African_bush_elephant" title="African bush elephant">African bush elephants</a>. However, a section of the park, the <a href="/wiki/Sambisa_Forest" title="Sambisa Forest">Sambisa Forest</a>, was taken over during the <a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram_insurgency" title="Boko Haram insurgency">Boko Haram insurgency</a> in the early 2010s forcing many fauna to flee;<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> large animals were not seen until 2019 and 2020 when a massive herd of migratory elephants returned to Borno.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Borno State has been inhabited for years by various ethnic groups, including the <a href="/wiki/Dghwede_language" title="Dghwede language">Dghwede</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glavda_language" title="Glavda language">Glavda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guduf-Gava_language" title="Guduf-Gava language">Guduf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lamang_language" title="Lamang language">Laamang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mafa_people" title="Mafa people">Mafa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mandara_people" title="Mandara people">Mandara</a> in the central region; the <a href="/wiki/Afade_language" title="Afade language">Afade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buduma_people" title="Buduma people">Yedina (Buduma)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kanembu_people" title="Kanembu people">Kanembu</a> in the extreme northeast; the <a href="/wiki/Waja_language" title="Waja language">Waja</a> in the extreme south; and the <a href="/wiki/Kyibaku_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyibaku language">Kyibaku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kamwe_language#People" title="Kamwe language">Kamwe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kilba_people" title="Kilba people">Kilba</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Marghi_people" title="Marghi people">Margi groups</a> in the south while the <a href="/wiki/Kanuri_people" title="Kanuri people">Kanuri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shuwa_Arabs" class="mw-redirect" title="Shuwa Arabs">Shuwa Arabs</a> live throughout the state's north and centre. Religiously, the vast majority of the state's population (~85%) are <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslim</a> with smaller <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Traditional_African_religions" title="Traditional African religions">traditionalist</a> minorities (especially in the south) at around 7% each. </p><p>From the 700s, what is now Borno State was within the territory of the <a href="/wiki/Kanem_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanem Empire">Kanem Empire</a>, an empire spanning from modern-day southern <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fezzan" title="Fezzan">Fezzan</a>) south through most of now-<a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a> into modern-day Borno State. In the late 1300s, the <a href="/wiki/Kanem_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanem Empire">Kanem Empire</a> was forced to move after unsuccessful wars, becoming the <a href="/wiki/Bornu_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Bornu Empire">Bornu Empire</a> before regaining strength and ruling the wider area for the next 500 years. It was not until the early 1800s when the <a href="/wiki/Fulani_jihad" class="mw-redirect" title="Fulani jihad">Fulani jihad</a> significantly weakened the Empire, that Bornu began to decline. Much of modern-day southern Borno State was seized in the wars and incorporated into the <a href="/wiki/Adamawa_Emirate" title="Adamawa Emirate">Adamawa Emirate</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Sokoto_Caliphate" title="Sokoto Caliphate">Sokoto Caliphate</a>. About 80 years later, <a href="/wiki/Rabih_az-Zubayr" title="Rabih az-Zubayr">Rabih az-Zubayr</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Sudan" title="Demographics of Sudan">Sudanese</a> <a href="/wiki/Warlord" title="Warlord">warlord</a>, conquered the Empire and ruled until he was killed by French forces in the 1900 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kouss%C3%A9ri" title="Battle of Kousséri">Battle of Kousséri</a>. The Adamawa Emirate was also defeated by colonial powers, losing the <a href="/wiki/Adamawa_Wars" title="Adamawa Wars">Adamawa Wars</a> to <a href="/wiki/German_Kamerun" class="mw-redirect" title="German Kamerun">Germany</a> and the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>. Both Rabih's lands (later reconstituted as the <a href="/wiki/Borno_Emirate" title="Borno Emirate">Borno Emirate</a>) and the Adamawa Emirate were then divided among colonial powers with modern-day Borno State being split between <a href="/wiki/German_Kamerun" class="mw-redirect" title="German Kamerun">Germany</a> and the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>. </p><p>The British-controlled area was incorporated into the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Nigeria_Protectorate" title="Northern Nigeria Protectorate">Northern Nigeria Protectorate</a> which later merged into <a href="/wiki/British_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="British Nigeria">British Nigeria</a> before becoming independent as <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> in 1960. The German-controlled area (territory along the modern-day <a href="/wiki/Cameroon-Nigeria_border" class="mw-redirect" title="Cameroon-Nigeria border">border with</a> <a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a>) formed Deutsch-Bornu as a part of <a href="/wiki/German_Kamerun" class="mw-redirect" title="German Kamerun">German Kamerun</a> until <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I" title="Allies of World War I">allied forces</a> invaded and occupied Kamerun during the <a href="/wiki/Kamerun_campaign" title="Kamerun campaign">Kamerun campaign</a> of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. After the war, what is now the eastern periphery of Borno State became a part of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Cameroons" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Cameroons">Northern Cameroons</a> within the <a href="/wiki/British_Cameroons" title="British Cameroons">British Cameroons</a> until 1961, when a <a href="/wiki/1961_British_Cameroons_referendum" title="1961 British Cameroons referendum">referendum</a> led to a merger with <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>. Originally, modern-day Borno State was a part of the post-independence <a href="/wiki/Northern_Region,_Nigeria" title="Northern Region, Nigeria">Northern Region</a> until 1967 when the region was split and the area became part of the <a href="/wiki/North-Eastern_State" title="North-Eastern State">North-Eastern State</a>. After the North-Eastern State was split, Borno State was formed on 3 February 1976 alongside ten other states. Fifteen years after statehood, a group of LGAs in the state's west was broken off to form the new <a href="/wiki/Yobe_State" title="Yobe State">Yobe State</a>. Years later, in the early 2000s, the state became the epicentre of the Islamist group <a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram" title="Boko Haram">Boko Haram</a> since it began its <a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram_insurgency" title="Boko Haram insurgency">insurgency</a> in 2009. From 2012 to 2015, the insurgency escalated dramatically with much of the state falling under the control of the group, which soon became the world's deadliest terror group in 2015 and forced millions from their homes.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following a <a href="/wiki/2015_West_African_offensive" title="2015 West African offensive">2015 mass multinational offensive</a> along with infighting within the terrorists between the original <a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram" title="Boko Haram">Boko Haram</a> group and the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_West_Africa_Province" title="Islamic State – West Africa Province">Islamic State – West Africa Province</a> breakaway, the group was forced from its strongholds into the <a href="/wiki/Sambisa_Forest" title="Sambisa Forest">Sambisa Forest</a> and some islands in <a href="/wiki/Lake_Chad" title="Lake Chad">Lake Chad</a> by 2017; however, terrorists continue to be a threat statewide with frequent attacks on both civilian and military targets.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a partially agriculturally-based state, the rural Borno State economy relied heavily on livestock and crops prior to the <a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram_insurgency" title="Boko Haram insurgency">Boko Haram insurgency</a> while the state capital <a href="/wiki/Maiduguri" title="Maiduguri">Maiduguri</a> is a major regional trade and service center.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, after years of the insurgency affecting development and forcing farmers from rural areas in the state, Borno has the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Nigerian_states_by_Human_Development_Index#2019" title="List of Nigerian states by Human Development Index">thirteenth lowest</a> <a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">Human Development Index</a> in the country but as the insurgency has slightly abated since 2016, development has renewed.<sup id="cite_ref-HDI_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDI-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BokoHaraminsurgency.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/BokoHaraminsurgency.png/220px-BokoHaraminsurgency.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/BokoHaraminsurgency.png/330px-BokoHaraminsurgency.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/BokoHaraminsurgency.png/440px-BokoHaraminsurgency.png 2x" data-file-width="1848" data-file-height="2021" /></a><figcaption>Territorial control in Northwestern Nigeria in 2022</figcaption></figure> <p>As of 2022, much of Borno State has been occupied by <a href="/wiki/ISWAP" class="mw-redirect" title="ISWAP">ISWAP</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Borno_State&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Borno_state_contingent.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Borno_state_contingent.jpg/220px-Borno_state_contingent.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Borno_state_contingent.jpg/330px-Borno_state_contingent.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Borno_state_contingent.jpg/440px-Borno_state_contingent.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>Dancers in Borno state attire</figcaption></figure> <p>The state has a predominance of <a href="/wiki/Kanuri_people" title="Kanuri people">Kanuri people</a>, while other ethnic groups such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lapang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lapang (page does not exist)">Lapang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Babur_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Babur people">Babur</a>/<a href="/wiki/Bura_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Bura people">Bura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mafa_people" title="Mafa people">Mafa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marghi_people" title="Marghi people">Marghi</a> are also found in the southern part of the state. <a href="/wiki/Shuwa_Arabs" class="mw-redirect" title="Shuwa Arabs">Shuwa Arabs</a> are mainly the descendants of <a href="/wiki/Arab_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab people">Arab people</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and are an example of the endurance of traditional political institutions in some areas of <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>. The emirs of the former <a href="/wiki/Kanem%E2%80%93Bornu_Empire" title="Kanem–Bornu Empire">Kanem–Bornu Empire</a> have played a part in the politics of this area for nearly 1,000 years.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The current <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanemi_dynasty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kanemi dynasty (page does not exist)">Kanemi dynasty</a> gained control of the <a href="/wiki/Borno_Emirate" title="Borno Emirate">Borno Emirate</a> in the early 19th century after the Fulani jihad of <a href="/wiki/Usman_dan_Fodio" title="Usman dan Fodio">Usman dan Fodio</a>. Conquered by <a href="/wiki/Rabih_az-Zubayr" title="Rabih az-Zubayr">Rabih</a> in 1893,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Borno was invaded by the British, French and Germans at the beginning of the 20th century. In 1902, the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a> officially incorporated Borno into the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Nigeria_Protectorate" title="Northern Nigeria Protectorate">Northern Nigeria Protectorate</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 1907 established a new capital at <a href="/wiki/Maiduguri" title="Maiduguri">Maiduguri</a>, which remains the capital to this day.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After <a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Independence" class="mw-redirect" title="Nigerian Independence">Nigerian independence</a> in 1960, Borno remained fairly autonomous until the number of states in Nigeria expanded to 12 in 1967. Local government reform in 1976 further reduced the power of the emirs of the former dynasty, and by the time of <a href="/wiki/History_of_Nigeria_(1979-1999)#Second_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Nigeria (1979-1999)">Nigeria's return to civilian rule</a> in 1979, the emirs' jurisdiction has been restricted solely to cultural and traditional affairs. <a href="/wiki/Mala_Kachallah" class="mw-redirect" title="Mala Kachallah">Mala Kachallah</a> was elected governor of Borno State in 1999 under the flagship of the then APP (All Peoples Party), later renamed the <a href="/wiki/All_Nigeria_People%27s_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="All Nigeria People's Party">All Nigeria People's Party</a> (ANPP). <a href="/wiki/Ali_Modu_Sheriff" title="Ali Modu Sheriff">Ali Modu Sheriff</a> was elected governor of Borno State in Nigeria in April 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Boko Haram's insurgency began in 2009, with Borno being the worst-affected area. On 14 May 2013, <a href="/wiki/President_of_Nigeria" title="President of Nigeria">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Goodluck_Jonathan" title="Goodluck Jonathan">Goodluck Jonathan</a> declared a <a href="/wiki/State_of_emergency" title="State of emergency">state of emergency</a> in northeastern Nigeria,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including Borno State along with the neighboring states of <a href="/wiki/Adamawa_State" title="Adamawa State">Adamawa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yobe" class="mw-redirect" title="Yobe">Yobe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This happened after fighting between <a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram" title="Boko Haram">Boko Haram</a> and the state armed forces <a href="/wiki/2013_Baga_massacre" title="2013 Baga massacre">killed 200 people</a> in the town of <a href="/wiki/Baga,_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Baga, Nigeria">Baga</a>. A spokesman for the <a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Armed_Forces" title="Nigerian Armed Forces">armed forces</a> declared that the offensive would continue "as long as it takes to achieve our objective of getting rid of insurgents from every part of Nigeria."<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2014, the state's governor <a href="/wiki/Kashim_Shettima" title="Kashim Shettima">Kashim Shettima</a> said that "176 teachers had been killed and 900 schools destroyed since 2011."<sup id="cite_ref-audujune26_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-audujune26-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the <a href="/wiki/Chibok_schoolgirls_kidnapping" title="Chibok schoolgirls kidnapping">Chibok schoolgirls kidnapping</a> in April 2014, most schools in Borno State were closed.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2014, <a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a> reported it has increased its Community Management of Acute Malnutrition (CMAM) centres in Borno State "from 5 to 67."<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Borno State, the agricultural sector has suffered mostly because of the insurgency, and many people have experienced acute <a href="/wiki/Food_insecurity" class="mw-redirect" title="Food insecurity">food insecurity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Borno_State&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The climate of Borno state is characteristic of rainfall variability, with a strong latitudinal zone, which is drier in this northeastern state.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The commencement of the rainy season in this northeast state is around June/July of every year, which is far behind the southeastern states. The <a href="/wiki/Trade_winds" title="Trade winds">trade wind</a>, also regarded as the <a href="/wiki/Harmattan" title="Harmattan">harmattan</a> season is often experienced in the state between the months of December and February. There is a reduction in rainfall from 3,800 mm to below 650 mm in the state, hence it rains in the state between 4 and 5 months annually.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The state experiences high <a href="/wiki/Humidity" title="Humidity">relative humidity</a> annually. The hottest period in the state is in the month of May, with an average of 34<sup>0</sup>C while the month of January is the coldest with an annual average of 23<sup>0</sup>C. The wettest month is August with an average of 118.6 mm while the windiest month is December with an average of 11 km/h.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/2024_Borno_State_flood" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Borno State flood">2024 Borno State flood</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Borno_State&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Borno has many higher institutions, these include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borno_State_University" title="Borno State University">Borno State University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Goni_College_of_Legal_and_Islamic_Studies" title="Mohammed Goni College of Legal and Islamic Studies">Mohammed Goni College of Legal and Islamic Studies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Army_University_Biu" title="Nigerian Army University Biu">Nigerian Army University Biu</a><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Maiduguri" title="University of Maiduguri">University of Maiduguri</a><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Ansar_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Ansar University (page does not exist)">Al-Ansar University</a><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Polytechnic_Monguno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Federal Polytechnic Monguno (page does not exist)">Federal Polytechnic Monguno</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_University_of_Agricultural_Technology_Damboa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Federal University of Agricultural Technology Damboa (page does not exist)">Federal University of Agricultural Technology Damboa</a><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maiduguri_College_of_Nursing_and_Midwifery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maiduguri College of Nursing and Midwifery (page does not exist)">Maiduguri College of Nursing and Midwifery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohamet_Lawan_College_of_Agriculture,_Maiduguri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mohamet Lawan College of Agriculture, Maiduguri (page does not exist)">Mohamet Lawan College of Agriculture, Maiduguri</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Local_Government_Areas">Local Government Areas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Borno_State&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Local Government Areas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_villages_in_Borno_State" title="List of villages in Borno State">List of villages in Borno State</a></div> <p>Borno State consists of twenty-seven (27) <a href="/wiki/Local_government_areas_of_Nigeria" title="Local government areas of Nigeria">Local Government Areas</a>, grouped into three Senatorial Districts (shown below with their areas and 2006 census population figures):<sup id="cite_ref-nigerianstat-pop_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nigerianstat-pop-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Borno Central<br />Senatorial District</th> <th>Area in<br /> km<sup>2</sup></th> <th>1,666,541</th> <th></th> <th>Borno South<br />Senatorial District</th> <th>Area in<br /> km<sup>2</sup></th> <th>1,245,962</th> <th></th> <th>Borno North<br />Senatorial District</th> <th>Area in<br /> km<sup>2</sup></th> <th>1,238,390 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maiduguri" title="Maiduguri">Maiduguri</a></td> <td align="right">137.36</td> <td align="right">540,016</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Askira/Uba" title="Askira/Uba">Askira/Uba</a></td> <td align="right">2,431.83</td> <td align="right">143,313</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Abadam" title="Abadam">Abadam</a></td> <td align="right">4,172.27</td> <td align="right">100,065 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ngala" title="Ngala">Ngala</a></td> <td align="right">1,519.82</td> <td align="right">236,498</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bayo,_Nigeria" title="Bayo, Nigeria">Bayo</a></td> <td align="right">985.78</td> <td align="right">79,078</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gubio" title="Gubio">Gubio</a></td> <td align="right">2,575.09</td> <td align="right">151,286 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kala/Balge" title="Kala/Balge">Kala/Balge</a></td> <td align="right">1,962.13</td> <td align="right">60,834</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Biu,_Nigeria" title="Biu, Nigeria">Biu</a></td> <td align="right">3,423.86</td> <td align="right">175,760</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Guzamala" title="Guzamala">Guzamala</a></td> <td align="right">2,631.44</td> <td align="right">95,991 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mafa" title="Mafa">Mafa</a></td> <td align="right">2,976.99</td> <td align="right">103,600</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chibok" title="Chibok">Chibok</a></td> <td align="right">1,392.00</td> <td align="right">66,333</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kaga,_Nigeria" title="Kaga, Nigeria">Kaga</a></td> <td align="right">2,802.46</td> <td align="right">89,996 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Konduga" title="Konduga">Konduga</a></td> <td align="right">6,065.89</td> <td align="right">157,322</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Damboa" title="Damboa">Damboa</a></td> <td align="right">6,426.18</td> <td align="right">233,200</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kukawa" title="Kukawa">Kukawa</a></td> <td align="right">5,124.41</td> <td align="right">203,343 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bama,_Nigeria" title="Bama, Nigeria">Bama</a></td> <td align="right">5,158.87</td> <td align="right">270,119</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gwoza" title="Gwoza">Gwoza</a></td> <td align="right">2,973.15</td> <td align="right">276,568</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Magumeri" title="Magumeri">Magumeri</a></td> <td align="right">5,057.61</td> <td align="right">140,257 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jere,_Nigeria" title="Jere, Nigeria">Jere</a></td> <td align="right">900.72</td> <td align="right">209,107</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hawul" title="Hawul">Hawul</a></td> <td align="right">2,160.99</td> <td align="right">120,733</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marte,_Nigeria" title="Marte, Nigeria">Marte</a></td> <td align="right">3,280.02</td> <td align="right">129,409 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dikwa" title="Dikwa">Dikwa</a></td> <td align="right">1,836.89</td> <td align="right">105,042</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kwaya_Kusar" title="Kwaya Kusar">Kwaya Kusar</a></td> <td align="right">754.69</td> <td align="right">56,704</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mobbar" title="Mobbar">Mobbar</a></td> <td align="right">3,280.02</td> <td align="right">116,633 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shani,_Nigeria" title="Shani, Nigeria">Shani</a></td> <td align="right">1,238.93</td> <td align="right">100,989</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Monguno" title="Monguno">Monguno</a></td> <td align="right">1,993.20</td> <td align="right">109,834 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nganzai" title="Nganzai">Nganzai</a></td> <td align="right">2,572.35</td> <td align="right">99,074 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In addition, there are eight Emirate Councils (Borno, Bama, Damboa, Dikwa, Biu, Askira, Gwoza, Shani and Uba Emirates),<sup id="cite_ref-bornostate_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bornostate-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which advise the local governments on cultural and traditional matters.<sup id="cite_ref-nigerianstat-emirs_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nigerianstat-emirs-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Displaced_People">Displaced People</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Borno_State&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Displaced People"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Internally_displaced_persons_camps_in_Borno" title="Internally displaced persons camps in Borno">Internally displaced persons camps in Borno</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Internally_displaced_persons_camps_in_Borno&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2020</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IDP_Camp_Maiduguri_Borno_State_Nigeria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/IDP_Camp_Maiduguri_Borno_State_Nigeria.jpg/220px-IDP_Camp_Maiduguri_Borno_State_Nigeria.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/IDP_Camp_Maiduguri_Borno_State_Nigeria.jpg/330px-IDP_Camp_Maiduguri_Borno_State_Nigeria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/IDP_Camp_Maiduguri_Borno_State_Nigeria.jpg/440px-IDP_Camp_Maiduguri_Borno_State_Nigeria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption>An IDP camp outside <a href="/wiki/Maiduguri" title="Maiduguri">Maiduguri</a> from 2018, where internally displaced people come to escape harassment from the <a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram" title="Boko Haram">Boko Haram</a> insurgency.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Internally_displaced_person" title="Internally displaced person">Internally displaced person</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_internally_displaced_persons_camps_in_Nigeria" title="List of internally displaced persons camps in Nigeria">camps</a> in Borno State, <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> were centers accommodating <a href="/wiki/Nigerians" title="Nigerians">Nigerians</a> who had been <a href="/wiki/Forced_displacement" title="Forced displacement">forced to flee</a> their homes but remain within the country's borders. Displaced persons camps in <a href="/wiki/Maiduguri" title="Maiduguri">Maiduguri</a> accommodated from 120,000 to 130,000 people, while those in <a href="/wiki/Local_government_areas_of_Nigeria" title="Local government areas of Nigeria">local government areas</a> ranged above 400,000.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (May 2020)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Internally_displaced_persons_camps_in_Borno_:0_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Internally_displaced_persons_camps_in_Borno_:0-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were over two million displaced persons in the state.<sup id="cite_ref-Internally_displaced_persons_camps_in_Borno_:1_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Internally_displaced_persons_camps_in_Borno_:1-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) suggested the figure of internally displaced persons in the state to be 1,434,149, the highest in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Nigeria">Northern Nigeria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Languages">Languages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Borno_State&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A wide variety of <a href="/wiki/Biu%E2%80%93Mandara_languages" title="Biu–Mandara languages">Biu–Mandara languages</a> are spoken in Borno State, particularly in the <a href="/wiki/Mandara_Mountains" title="Mandara Mountains">Mandara Mountains</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Languages of Borno State listed by Local Government Area:<sup id="cite_ref-e22_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e22-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wamdeo_Hill.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Wamdeo_Hill.JPG/300px-Wamdeo_Hill.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Wamdeo_Hill.JPG/450px-Wamdeo_Hill.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Wamdeo_Hill.JPG/600px-Wamdeo_Hill.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Wamdeo Hill, Borno State</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>LGA</th> <th>Languages </th></tr> <tr> <td>Askira-Uba</td> <td>Putai;Gude; Kibaku; Marghi Central; Marghi South; Nggwahyi; Nya Huba; Marghi </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bama</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chadian_Arabic" title="Chadian Arabic">Shuwa Arabic</a>; Yerwa Kanuri; Wandala; Mafa; Marghi </td></tr> <tr> <td>Biu</td> <td>Bura-Pabir; Dera; Ga'anda; Jara; Putai, </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chibok</td> <td>Kibaku; Putai; Marghi </td></tr> <tr> <td>Damboa</td> <td>Kibaku; Marghi Central; Putai; Mulgwai; Kanuri </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dikwa</td> <td>Shuwa Arab </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gwoza</td> <td>Cineni; Dghwede; Glavda; Guduf-Gava; Gvoko; Hide; Yerwa Kanuri; Lamang; Mafa; Sukur; Waja; Wandala; Marghi <a href="/wiki/Biu%E2%80%93Mandara_languages" title="Biu–Mandara languages">Mandara</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hawul</td> <td>Bura,Hwana, </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kaga</td> <td>Yerwa Kanuri; Putai </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kala/Balge</td> <td>Shuwa Arab; kanuri; Afade; Jilbe (in Jilbe town) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Konduga</td> <td>Shuwa Arabic; Yerwa Kanuri; Maffa; Putai; Wanda; Marghi </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kukawa</td> <td>Yerwa Kanuri </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kwaya-Kusar</td> <td>Bura, Putai, Marghi South <a href="/wiki/Tera_language" title="Tera language">Tera</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Maiduguri</td> <td>Yerwa Kanuri; Mafa </td></tr> <tr> <td>Monguno</td> <td>Yerwa Kanuri; Mafa </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ngala</td> <td>Shuwa Arab; Yerwa Kanuri </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Other languages of Borno State are Lala-Roba, Tarjumo, Yedina, and Tedaga.<sup id="cite_ref-e22_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e22-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Borno_State&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Nigeria" title="Islam in Nigeria">Islam</a> continues to be the dominant faith practised in Borno State, with much smaller numbers of adherents of <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Nigeria" title="Christianity in Nigeria">Christianity</a> and other faiths spread throughout and living within the region.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">Sharia</a> operates as the primary foundation for the development, interpretation, and enforcement of most civic codes and laws. The <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Maiduguri" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Maiduguri">Roman Catholic Diocese of Maiduguri</a> has its seat in the State. The <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Diocese_of_Maiduguri" title="Anglican Diocese of Maiduguri">Anglican Diocese of Maiduguri</a> (1990) within the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Jos" class="mw-redirect" title="Province of Jos">Province of Jos</a>, is led by Bishop <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Morris" title="Emmanuel Morris">Emmanuel Morris</a> (2017). <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Brethren_in_Nigeria" title="Church of the Brethren in Nigeria">Ekklesiar Yan'Uwa A Nigeria</a> (EYN) buildings in Maiduguri were destroyed by Boko Haram<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as a part of their <a href="/wiki/2009_Boko_Haram_uprising" title="2009 Boko Haram uprising">uprising</a>, which were later rebuilt.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Borno_State&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Federal Highways are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A3_highway_(Nigeria)" title="A3 highway (Nigeria)">A3</a> east from <a href="/wiki/Yobe_State" title="Yobe State">Yobe State</a> at Ngamdu via Benisheikh, <a href="/wiki/Maiduguri" title="Maiduguri">Maiduguri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mafa" title="Mafa">Mafa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dikwa" title="Dikwa">Dikwa</a> to <a href="/wiki/Gamboru" title="Gamboru">Gamboru</a> as part of the <a href="/wiki/Trans-Sahelian_Highway" title="Trans-Sahelian Highway">Trans-Sahel Highway</a> (<a href="/wiki/Trans-African_Highway_network" title="Trans-African Highway network">Trans-African Highway</a> 5),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A4_highway_(Nigeria)" title="A4 highway (Nigeria)">A4</a> north from <a href="/wiki/Numan,_Nigeria" title="Numan, Nigeria">Numan</a> in Adamawa State at Mada via <a href="/wiki/Biu,_Nigeria" title="Biu, Nigeria">Biu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Damboa" title="Damboa">Damboa</a> and Bulabulin to A3 near <a href="/wiki/Maiduguri" title="Maiduguri">Maiduguri</a> as the Maiduguri-Numan Rd, and then east via <a href="/wiki/Konduga" title="Konduga">Konduga</a>, Kabuiri, and Bama as the Bama-Maiduguri Rd to <a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a> at Banki,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A13_highway_(Nigeria)" title="A13 highway (Nigeria)">A13</a> north from <a href="/wiki/Adamawa_State" title="Adamawa State">Adamawa State</a> near Limankara via Gwoza Wakane and Burari to A4 near Bama.</li></ul> <p>Two border crossings to <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a> across the <a href="/wiki/Komadougou_Yobe" class="mw-redirect" title="Komadougou Yobe">Komadougou Yobe</a>: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Damasak" title="Damasak">Damasak</a> to Difa</li> <li>Bisagana to <a href="/wiki/Bosso,_Niger" title="Bosso, Niger">Bosso</a>.</li></ul> <p>Three roads to <a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a>: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A3_highway_(Nigeria)" title="A3 highway (Nigeria)">A3</a> from <a href="/wiki/Gamboru" title="Gamboru">Gamboru</a> at <a href="/wiki/Ngala" title="Ngala">Ngala</a> (TAH 5) at Fotokol to N2 to Maltam,</li> <li>from <a href="/wiki/A4_highway_(Nigeria)" title="A4 highway (Nigeria)">A4</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bama,_Nigeria" title="Bama, Nigeria">Bama</a> via Dipchari to Mora via Kolofata,</li> <li>from Pulka at Kerawa to <a href="/wiki/Mora,_Cameroon" title="Mora, Cameroon">Mora</a>.</li></ul> <p>Other major roads include: </p> <ul><li>the Biu or Gombe Rd west to <a href="/wiki/Gombe_State" title="Gombe State">Gombe State</a> at Vuradale,</li> <li>the Waranya-Buratai-Biu Rd north to <a href="/wiki/Yobe_State" title="Yobe State">Yobe State</a> at Maza,</li> <li>the Dikwa-Gulumba-Gana-Bigoro Rd north from <a href="/wiki/A4_highway_(Nigeria)" title="A4 highway (Nigeria)">A4</a> at Banki to <a href="/wiki/A3_highway_(Nigeria)" title="A3 highway (Nigeria)">A3</a> at <a href="/wiki/Dikwa" title="Dikwa">Dikwa</a>,</li> <li>the Monguno-Marte-Dikwa Rd north to <a href="/wiki/Monguno" title="Monguno">Monguno</a>,</li> <li>the Maiduguri-Monguno or Gajiram-Bolon Rd,</li> <li>the Monguno-Barwa-Kauwa Rd,</li> <li>the Kukawa-Kauwa Border Rd east from <a href="/wiki/Damasak" title="Damasak">Damasak</a> (as the Damasaak-Kukawa Rd) via Kauwa to Doro Gowon,</li> <li>the Gwoza-Damboa Rd east from <a href="/wiki/A13_highway_(Nigeria)" title="A13 highway (Nigeria)">A13</a> at Gwoza Wakane via Bitta, Gazal and Bukar Kwareri to <a href="/wiki/A4_highway_(Nigeria)" title="A4 highway (Nigeria)">A4</a> at Dumboa,</li> <li>The Ngamdu-Damboa Rd east via Yobe State to <a href="/wiki/A3_highway_(Nigeria)" title="A3 highway (Nigeria)">A3</a> at Ngamdu,</li> <li>south from <a href="/wiki/Damboa" title="Damboa">Damboa</a> via <a href="/wiki/Chibok" title="Chibok">Chibok</a> and Zadawa Yama to <a href="/wiki/Adamawa_State" title="Adamawa State">Adamawa State</a> at Uba,</li> <li>southeast from <a href="/wiki/Biu,_Nigeria" title="Biu, Nigeria">Biu</a> to <a href="/wiki/Adamawa_State" title="Adamawa State">Adamawa State</a> at Garkida.</li></ul> <p>Railways: </p><p>Maiduguri lies at the terminus of the 1067 mm (3ˈ6") <a href="/wiki/Cape_Gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Gauge">Cape Gauge</a> <a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Railway_Corporation" title="Nigerian Railway Corporation">Eastern Line</a> east from Bauchi in <a href="/wiki/Gombe_State" title="Gombe State">Gombe State</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Airports: </p><p>Served by the <a href="/wiki/Maiduguri_International_Airport" title="Maiduguri International Airport">Maiduguri International Airport</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Borno_State&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Indimi" title="Mohammed Indimi">Mohammed Indimi</a>, businessman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abba_Kyari" title="Abba Kyari">Abba Kyari</a> businessman and politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abba_Kyari_(military_officer)" title="Abba Kyari (military officer)">Abba Kyari</a>, military officer</li> <li>Mohammed <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Ali_Ndume" title="Mohammed Ali Ndume">Ali Ndume</a>, Politician <sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Ibn_Saleh_al-Hussaini" title="Ibrahim Ibn Saleh al-Hussaini">Ibrahim Ibn Saleh al-Hussaini</a>, Islamic cleric and Mufti</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyari_Magumeri" title="Kyari Magumeri">Kyari Magumeri</a>, soldier</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakariya_Maimalari" title="Zakariya Maimalari">Zakariya Maimalari</a>, Nigerian soldier</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.segundawodu.com/omoigui58.htm">Abogu Largema</a>, Soldier</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashim_Shettima" title="Kashim Shettima">Kashim Shettima</a>, politician and Vice President<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Professor <a href="/wiki/Babagana_Zulum" title="Babagana Zulum">Babagana Umara Zulum</a>, Executive Governor of Borno<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Natural_resources">Natural resources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Borno_State&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Natural resources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Bono_state" title="Bono state">Borno State</a> is rich with abundant <a href="/wiki/Natural_resource" title="Natural resource">natural resources</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which are highly demanded by industries and for commercial purposes. These include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaolinite" title="Kaolinite">Kaolin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clay" title="Clay">Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diatomaceous_earth" title="Diatomaceous earth">Diatomite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trona" title="Trona">Trona</a></li> <li>Natural salt</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_ore" title="Iron ore">Iron ore</a></li> <li>Silica sand</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mica" title="Mica">Mica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartz" title="Quartz">Quartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetite" title="Magnetite">Magnetite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">Uranium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbium" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbium">Columbium</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Companies/Industries"><span id="Companies.2FIndustries"></span>Companies/Industries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Borno_State&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Companies/Industries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Borno textile</li> <li>Flex Foam Nigeria Limited</li> <li>Simba Industries Limited<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Borno_State&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Borno_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Borno State">Religion in Borno State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamist_insurgency_in_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamist insurgency in Nigeria">Islamist insurgency in Nigeria</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Borno_State&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=saharareporters.com&rft.atitle=Borno+Governor%2C+Zulum+Excludes+Christians%2C+Their+Communities+From+Nigerian+Government%27s+N3billion+Palliatives+%E2%80%93+Centre+For+Justice+%7C+Sahara+Reporters&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsaharareporters.com%2F2023%2F12%2F20%2Fborno-governor-zulum-excludes-christians-their-communities-nigerian-governments&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorno+State" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIkenwa2020" class="citation web cs1">Ikenwa, Chizoba (13 August 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221230101745/https://nigerianinfopedia.com.ng/natura-resources-found-in-borno-state/">"List of Natural Mineral Resources Found in Borno State"</a>. <i>Nigerian Infopedia</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nigerianinfopedia.com.ng/natura-resources-found-in-borno-state/">the original</a> on 30 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nigerian+Infopedia&rft.atitle=List+of+Natural+Mineral+Resources+Found+in+Borno+State&rft.date=2020-08-13&rft.aulast=Ikenwa&rft.aufirst=Chizoba&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnigerianinfopedia.com.ng%2Fnatura-resources-found-in-borno-state%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorno+State" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRelease2020" class="citation web cs1">Release, Press (4 April 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.premiumtimesng.com/promoted/385834-simba-tvs-distributes-safety-and-hygiene-packs-to-keke-riders.html">"Simba TVS distributes 'safety and hygiene packs' to Keke riders"</a>. <i>Premium Times Nigeria</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Premium+Times+Nigeria&rft.atitle=Simba+TVS+distributes+%27safety+and+hygiene+packs%27+to+Keke+riders&rft.date=2020-04-04&rft.aulast=Release&rft.aufirst=Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.premiumtimesng.com%2Fpromoted%2F385834-simba-tvs-distributes-safety-and-hygiene-packs-to-keke-riders.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorno+State" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Borno_State&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAborisadeRobert_J._Mundt2001" class="citation book cs1">Aborisade, Oladimeji; Robert J. Mundt (2001). <i>Politics in Nigeria</i>. White Plains, New York: Longman. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780321085610" title="Special:BookSources/9780321085610"><bdi>9780321085610</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Politics+in+Nigeria&rft.place=White+Plains%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9780321085610&rft.aulast=Aborisade&rft.aufirst=Oladimeji&rft.au=Robert+J.+Mundt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABorno+State" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Borno_State&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Borno_State" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Borno State">Borno State</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">1911 <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></a> article "<span style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Bornu" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Bornu">Bornu</a></span>".</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://midwestdiplomacy.com/2015/04/23/boko-haram-fighting-for-their-last-territorial-stronghold">Boko Haram Fighting for their Last Territorial Stronghold</a>, midwestdiplomacy.com, 23 April 2015</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Borno_State" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Borno State</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Local government areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abadam" title="Abadam">Abadam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Askira/Uba" title="Askira/Uba">Askira/Uba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bama,_Nigeria" title="Bama, Nigeria">Bama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayo,_Nigeria" title="Bayo, Nigeria">Bayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biu,_Nigeria" title="Biu, Nigeria">Biu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chibok" title="Chibok">Chibok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damboa" title="Damboa">Damboa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dikwa" title="Dikwa">Dikwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gubio" title="Gubio">Gubio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guzamala" title="Guzamala">Guzamala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwoza" title="Gwoza">Gwoza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawul" title="Hawul">Hawul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jere,_Borno" class="mw-redirect" title="Jere, Borno">Jere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaga,_Nigeria" title="Kaga, Nigeria">Kaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kala/Balge" title="Kala/Balge">Kala/Balge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konduga" title="Konduga">Konduga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kukawa" title="Kukawa">Kukawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwaya_Kusar" title="Kwaya Kusar">Kwaya Kusar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafa" title="Mafa">Mafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magumeri" title="Magumeri">Magumeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maiduguri" title="Maiduguri">Maiduguri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marte,_Nigeria" title="Marte, Nigeria">Marte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobbar" title="Mobbar">Mobbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monguno" title="Monguno">Monguno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngala" title="Ngala">Ngala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nganzai" title="Nganzai">Nganzai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shani,_Nigeria" title="Shani, Nigeria">Shani</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nigeria_Borno_State_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Nigeria_Borno_State_map.png/150px-Nigeria_Borno_State_map.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Nigeria_Borno_State_map.png/225px-Nigeria_Borno_State_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Nigeria_Borno_State_map.png/300px-Nigeria_Borno_State_map.png 2x" data-file-width="777" data-file-height="599" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Governors_of_North-Eastern_and_Borno_State" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:BornoStateGovernors" title="Template:BornoStateGovernors"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:BornoStateGovernors" title="Template talk:BornoStateGovernors"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:BornoStateGovernors" title="Special:EditPage/Template:BornoStateGovernors"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Governors_of_North-Eastern_and_Borno_State" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Borno_State" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of Borno State">Governors of North-Eastern and Borno State</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North-Eastern_State" title="North-Eastern State">North-Eastern State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Musa_Usman" title="Musa Usman">Musa Usman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammadu_Buhari" title="Muhammadu Buhari">Muhammadu Buhari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Borno State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mustapha_Amin" title="Mustapha Amin">Mustapha Amin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunde_Idiagbon" title="Tunde Idiagbon">Tunde Idiagbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Goni" title="Mohammed Goni">Mohammed Goni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asheik_Jarma" title="Asheik Jarma">Asheik Jarma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abubakar_Waziri" title="Abubakar Waziri">Abubakar Waziri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdulmumini_Aminu" title="Abdulmumini Aminu">Abdulmumini Aminu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_One_Mohammed" title="Abdul One Mohammed">Abdul One Mohammed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Maina" title="Mohammed Maina">Mohammed Maina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Buba_Marwa" title="Mohammed Buba Marwa">Mohammed Buba Marwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maina_Maaji_Lawan" title="Maina Maaji Lawan">Maina Maaji Lawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Dada" title="Ibrahim Dada">Ibrahim Dada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Ozodinobi" title="Victor Ozodinobi">Victor Ozodinobi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_Aniebo" title="Augustine Aniebo">Augustine Aniebo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawal_Haruna" title="Lawal Haruna">Lawal Haruna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mala_Kachalla" title="Mala Kachalla">Mala Kachalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Modu_Sheriff" title="Ali Modu Sheriff">Ali Modu Sheriff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashim_Shettima" title="Kashim Shettima">Kashim Shettima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babagana_Zulum" title="Babagana Zulum">Babagana Zulum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="States_of_Nigeria" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar 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0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abia_State" title="Abia State">Abia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adamawa_State" title="Adamawa State">Adamawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akwa_Ibom_State" title="Akwa Ibom State">Akwa Ibom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anambra_State" title="Anambra State">Anambra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bauchi_State" title="Bauchi State">Bauchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayelsa_State" title="Bayelsa State">Bayelsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benue_State" title="Benue State">Benue</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Borno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_River_State" title="Cross River State">Cross River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_State" title="Delta State">Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebonyi_State" title="Ebonyi State">Ebonyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edo_State" title="Edo State">Edo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekiti_State" title="Ekiti State">Ekiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enugu_State" title="Enugu State">Enugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gombe_State" title="Gombe State">Gombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imo_State" title="Imo State">Imo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jigawa_State" title="Jigawa State">Jigawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaduna_State" title="Kaduna State">Kaduna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kano_State" title="Kano State">Kano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katsina_State" title="Katsina State">Katsina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kebbi_State" title="Kebbi State">Kebbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kogi_State" title="Kogi State">Kogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwara_State" title="Kwara State">Kwara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagos_State" title="Lagos State">Lagos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasarawa_State" title="Nasarawa State">Nasarawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger_State" title="Niger State">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogun_State" title="Ogun State">Ogun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ondo_State" title="Ondo State">Ondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osun_State" title="Osun State">Osun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyo_State" title="Oyo State">Oyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plateau_State" title="Plateau State">Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivers_State" title="Rivers State">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sokoto_State" title="Sokoto State">Sokoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taraba_State" title="Taraba State">Taraba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yobe_State" title="Yobe State">Yobe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamfara_State" title="Zamfara State">Zamfara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/32px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/48px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, 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id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130626#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130626#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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.portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a 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