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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Colors of the color wheel</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Colors_of_the_color_wheel-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Colors of the color wheel subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Colors_of_the_color_wheel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Trichromatic_model" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trichromatic_model"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Trichromatic model</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trichromatic_model-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Subtractive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subtractive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Subtractive</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subtractive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Additive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Additive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Additive</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Additive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opponent_process_model" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opponent_process_model"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Opponent process model</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opponent_process_model-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_color_circle_and_color_vision" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_color_circle_and_color_vision"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>The color circle and color vision</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_color_circle_and_color_vision-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Color_wheels_and_paint_color_mixing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Color_wheels_and_paint_color_mixing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Color wheels and paint color mixing</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Color_wheels_and_paint_color_mixing-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Color wheels and paint color mixing subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Color_wheels_and_paint_color_mixing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Color_wheel_software" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Color_wheel_software"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Color wheel software</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Color_wheel_software-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Color_schemes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Color_schemes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Color schemes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Color_schemes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> 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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Color wheel</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 26 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kleurwiel" title="Kleurwiel – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kleurwiel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="عجلة الألوان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عجلة الألوان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="বর্ণচাকতি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বর্ণচাকতি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cercle_crom%C3%A0tic" title="Cercle cromàtic – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cercle cromàtic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farvecirkel" title="Farvecirkel – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Farvecirkel" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farbkreis" title="Farbkreis – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Farbkreis" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%ADrculo_crom%C3%A1tico" title="Círculo cromático – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Círculo cromático" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%B1%D8%AE%D9%87_%D8%B1%D9%86%DA%AF%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7" title="چرخه رنگ‌ها – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چرخه رنگ‌ها" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cercle_chromatique" title="Cercle chromatique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cercle chromatique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kleuresirkel" title="Kleuresirkel – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kleuresirkel" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%ADrculo_crom%C3%A1tico" title="Círculo cromático – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Círculo cromático" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%89%EC%83%81%ED%99%98" title="색상환 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="색상환" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_wheel" title="Color wheel – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Color wheel" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerchio_cromatico" title="Cerchio cromatico – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cerchio cromatico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9D" title="גלגל הצבעים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גלגל הצבעים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kleurencirkel" title="Kleurencirkel – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kleurencirkel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%82o_barw" title="Koło barw – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Koło barw" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%ADrculo_crom%C3%A1tico" title="Círculo cromático – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Círculo cromático" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3" title="Цветовой круг – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Цветовой круг" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_wheel" title="Color wheel – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Color wheel" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barvni_krog" title="Barvni krog – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Barvni krog" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A4riympyr%C3%A4" title="Väriympyrä – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Väriympyrä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A4rgcirkel" title="Färgcirkel – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Färgcirkel" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulong_ng_mga_kulay" title="Gulong ng mga kulay – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Gulong ng mga kulay" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B2" title="Коло кольорів – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Коло кольорів" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E7%92%B0" title="色環 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="色環" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q373853#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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</div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Illustrative organization of color hues</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Color_wheel_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Color wheel (disambiguation)">Color wheel (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Linear_RGB_color_wheel.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Gradient linear RGB/CMY(K) colorsec" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Linear_RGB_color_wheel.png/220px-Linear_RGB_color_wheel.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Linear_RGB_color_wheel.png/330px-Linear_RGB_color_wheel.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Linear_RGB_color_wheel.png/440px-Linear_RGB_color_wheel.png 2x" data-file-width="670" data-file-height="670" /></a><figcaption>Gradient <a href="/wiki/RGB" class="mw-redirect" title="RGB">RGB</a>/<a href="/wiki/CMY_color_model" class="mw-redirect" title="CMY color model">CMY</a> color wheel</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boutet_1708_color_circles.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Boutet_1708_color_circles.jpg/220px-Boutet_1708_color_circles.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Boutet_1708_color_circles.jpg/330px-Boutet_1708_color_circles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Boutet_1708_color_circles.jpg/440px-Boutet_1708_color_circles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="492" /></a><figcaption>Seven-color and twelve-color color circles from 1708 (attributed to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_Boutet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Claude Boutet (page does not exist)">Claude Boutet</a>)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bezold_Farbentafel_1874.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Bezold_Farbentafel_1874.jpg/220px-Bezold_Farbentafel_1874.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="375" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Bezold_Farbentafel_1874.jpg/330px-Bezold_Farbentafel_1874.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Bezold_Farbentafel_1874.jpg 2x" data-file-width="431" data-file-height="734" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_von_Bezold" title="Wilhelm von Bezold">Wilhelm von Bezold</a>'s 1874 <i>Farbentafel</i></figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>color wheel</b> or <b>color circle</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is an abstract illustrative organization of <a href="/wiki/Color" title="Color">color</a> <a href="/wiki/Hue" title="Hue">hues</a> around a circle, which shows the relationships between <a href="/wiki/Primary_color" title="Primary color">primary colors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Secondary_color" title="Secondary color">secondary colors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_color" class="mw-redirect" title="Tertiary color">tertiary colors</a> etc. </p><p>Some sources use the terms <i>color wheel</i> and <i>color circle</i> interchangeably;<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, one term or the other may be more prevalent in certain fields or certain versions as mentioned above. For instance, some reserve the term <i>color wheel</i> for mechanical rotating devices, such as <a href="/wiki/Color_triangle" title="Color triangle">color tops</a>, filter wheels or the <a href="/wiki/Newton_disc" title="Newton disc">Newton disc</a>. Others classify various color wheels as <i>color disc</i>, <i>color chart</i>, and <i>color scale</i> varieties.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Color_wheel&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In his book <i><a href="/wiki/Opticks" title="Opticks">Opticks</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a> presented a color circle to illustrate the relations between these colors.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The original color circle of Isaac Newton showed only the spectral hues and was provided to illustrate a rule for the color of mixtures of lights, that these could be approximately predicted from the center of gravity of the numbers of "rays" of each spectral color present (represented in his diagram by small circles).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The divisions of Newton's circle are of unequal size, being based on the intervals of a <a href="/wiki/Dorian_mode" title="Dorian mode">Dorian</a> musical scale.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most later color circles include the <a href="/wiki/Purple" title="Purple">purples</a>, however, between red and violet, and have equal-sized hue divisions.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Color scientists and <a href="/wiki/Psychologist" title="Psychologist">psychologists</a> often use the <a href="/wiki/Additive_primaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Additive primaries">additive primaries</a>, red, <a href="/wiki/Green" title="Green">green</a>, and blue; and often refer to their arrangement around a circle as a color circle as opposed to a color wheel.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Young_(scientist)" title="Thomas Young (scientist)">Thomas Young</a> postulated that the eye contains receptors that respond to three different primary sensations, or spectra of light. <a href="/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwell" title="James Clerk Maxwell">James Clerk Maxwell</a> showed that all hues, and almost all colors, can be created from three <a href="/wiki/Primary_color" title="Primary color">primary colors</a> such as red, green, and blue, if they are mixed in the right proportions. <a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe">Goethe</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Theory_of_Colours" title="Theory of Colours">Theory of Colours</a></i> provided the first systematic study of the physiological effects of color (1810). His observations on the effect of opposed colors led him to a symmetric arrangement of his color wheel anticipating <a href="/wiki/Ewald_Hering" title="Ewald Hering">Ewald Hering</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Opponent_process" title="Opponent process">opponent color theory</a> (1872). </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>... for the colours diametrically opposed to each other ... are those that reciprocally evoke each other in the eye.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Goethe" class="mw-redirect" title="Goethe">Goethe</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Theory_of_Colours" title="Theory of Colours">Theory of Colours</a></i></cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Colors_of_the_color_wheel">Colors of the color wheel</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Color_wheel&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Colors of the color wheel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trichromatic_model">Trichromatic model</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Color_wheel&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Trichromatic model"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most color wheels are based on three primary colors, three secondary colors, and the six intermediates formed by mixing a primary with a secondary, known as tertiary colors, for a total of 12 main divisions; some add more intermediates, for 24 named colors. They make use of the <a href="/wiki/Trichromacy" title="Trichromacy">trichromatic model</a> of color. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Subtractive">Subtractive</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Color_wheel&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Subtractive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RGV_color_wheel_1908.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/RGV_color_wheel_1908.png/220px-RGV_color_wheel_1908.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/RGV_color_wheel_1908.png/330px-RGV_color_wheel_1908.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/RGV_color_wheel_1908.png/440px-RGV_color_wheel_1908.png 2x" data-file-width="561" data-file-height="724" /></a><figcaption>A 1908 color wheel with red, green, and violet "plus colors" and magenta, yellow, and cyan blue "minus colors".</figcaption></figure> <p>The typical artists' paint or pigment color wheel includes the blue, red, and yellow <a href="/wiki/Primary_color" title="Primary color">primary colors</a>. The corresponding <a href="/wiki/Secondary_color" title="Secondary color">secondary colors</a> are green, orange, and violet or purple. The <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_color" class="mw-redirect" title="Tertiary color">tertiary colors</a> are green-yellow, yellow-orange, orange-red, red-violet/purple, purple/violet-blue and blue-green. </p><p>Non-digital visual artists typically use <a href="/wiki/Red" title="Red">red</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yellow" title="Yellow">yellow</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Blue" title="Blue">blue</a> primaries (<a href="/wiki/RYB_color_model" title="RYB color model">RYB color model</a>) arranged at three equally spaced points around their color wheel.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Printers and others who use modern subtractive color methods and terminology use <a href="/wiki/Magenta" title="Magenta">magenta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yellow" title="Yellow">yellow</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cyan" title="Cyan">cyan</a> as <a href="/wiki/Subtractive_primaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Subtractive primaries">subtractive primaries</a>. Intermediate and interior points of color wheels and circles represent color mixtures. In a paint or subtractive color wheel, the 'center of gravity' is usually (but not always<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) black, representing all colors of light being absorbed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Additive">Additive</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Color_wheel&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Additive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A color wheel based on <a href="/wiki/RGB" class="mw-redirect" title="RGB">RGB</a> (red, green, blue) additive primaries has cyan, magenta, and yellow secondaries. Alternatively, the same arrangement of colors around a circle can be described as based on cyan, magenta, and yellow subtractive primaries, with red, green, and blue being secondaries. Sometimes a RGV (red, green, violet) triad is used instead. In an additive color circle, the center is white or gray, indicating a mixture of different wavelengths of light (all wavelengths, or two complementary colors, for example). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hsv_color_circle.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Hsv_color_circle.svg/220px-Hsv_color_circle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Hsv_color_circle.svg/330px-Hsv_color_circle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Hsv_color_circle.svg/440px-Hsv_color_circle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>A color wheel based on <a href="/wiki/HSL_and_HSV" title="HSL and HSV">HSV</a>, labeled with HTML color keywords.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/HSL_and_HSV" title="HSL and HSV">HSL and HSV</a> color spaces are simple geometric transformations of the <a href="/wiki/RGB_color_space" class="mw-redirect" title="RGB color space">RGB</a> cube into cylindrical form. The outer top circle of the HSV cylinder – or the outer middle circle of the HSL cylinder – can be thought of as a color wheel. There is no authoritative way of labelling the colors in such a color wheel, but the six colors which fall at the corners of the RGB cube are given names in the <a href="/wiki/X11_color_names" title="X11 color names">X11 color list</a>, and are <a href="/wiki/Web_colors#HTML_color_names" title="Web colors">named keywords in HTML</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opponent_process_model">Opponent process model</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Color_wheel&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Opponent process model"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some color wheels are based on the four <a href="/wiki/Opponent_process" title="Opponent process">opponent process</a> colors - red, yellow, blue and green. This includes those of the <a href="/wiki/Natural_Color_System" title="Natural Color System">Natural Color System</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_color_circle_and_color_vision">The color circle and color vision</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Color_wheel&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: The color circle and color vision"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable floatright" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4" style="background:#FFF;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Linear_visible_spectrum.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="sRGB rendering of the spectrum of visible light"><img alt="sRGB rendering of the spectrum of visible light" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Linear_visible_spectrum.svg/300px-Linear_visible_spectrum.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Linear_visible_spectrum.svg/450px-Linear_visible_spectrum.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Linear_visible_spectrum.svg/600px-Linear_visible_spectrum.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="605" data-file-height="115" /></a><figcaption>sRGB rendering of the spectrum of visible light</figcaption></figure> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Color" title="Color">Color</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Wavelength" title="Wavelength">Wavelength</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Nanometer" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanometer">nm</a>) </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Frequency" title="Frequency">Frequency</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz">THz</a>) </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Photon_energy" title="Photon energy">Photon energy</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Electronvolt" title="Electronvolt">eV</a>) </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#7f00ff; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Violet_(color)" title="Violet (color)"><b>violet</b></a></div> </td> <td>380–450 </td> <td>670–790 </td> <td>2.75–3.26 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:blue; color:white;"> </span> <b><a href="/wiki/Blue" title="Blue">blue</a></b></div> </td> <td>450–485 </td> <td>620–670 </td> <td>2.56–2.75 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:cyan; color:black;"> </span> <b><a href="/wiki/Cyan" title="Cyan">cyan</a></b></div> </td> <td>485–500 </td> <td>600–620 </td> <td>2.48–2.56 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#00FF00; color:black;"> </span> <b><a href="/wiki/Green" title="Green">green</a></b></div> </td> <td>500–565 </td> <td>530–600 </td> <td>2.19–2.48 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:yellow; color:black;"> </span> <b><a href="/wiki/Yellow" title="Yellow">yellow</a></b></div> </td> <td>565–590 </td> <td>510–530 </td> <td>2.10–2.19 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:orange; color:black;"> </span> <b><a href="/wiki/Orange_(colour)" title="Orange (colour)">orange</a></b></div> </td> <td>590–625 </td> <td>480–510 </td> <td>1.98–2.10 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:red; color:black;"> </span> <b><a href="/wiki/Red" title="Red">red</a></b></div> </td> <td>625–750 </td> <td>400–480 </td> <td>1.65–1.98 </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Opponent_color_circle_1917.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Opponent_color_circle_1917.png/220px-Opponent_color_circle_1917.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Opponent_color_circle_1917.png/330px-Opponent_color_circle_1917.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Opponent_color_circle_1917.png/440px-Opponent_color_circle_1917.png 2x" data-file-width="468" data-file-height="490" /></a><figcaption>A 1917 four-way color circle related to the color <a href="/wiki/Opponent_process" title="Opponent process">opponent process</a>.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Visible_spectrum" title="Visible spectrum">Visible spectrum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spectral_color" title="Spectral color">Spectral color</a></div> <p>A color circle based on spectral wavelengths appears with <a href="/wiki/Red" title="Red">red</a> at one end of the spectrum and is 100% mixable <a href="/wiki/Violet_(color)" title="Violet (color)">violet</a> at the other. A wedge-shaped gap represents colors that have no unique spectral frequency. These extra-spectral colors, the <a href="/wiki/Purple" title="Purple">purples</a>, form from an additive mixture of colors from the ends of the spectrum. </p><p>In normal human vision, wavelengths of between about 400 nm and 700 nm are represented by this incomplete circle, with the longer wavelengths equating to the red end of the spectrum. Complement colors are located directly opposite each other on this wheel. These complement colors are not identical to colors in pigment mixing (such as are used in paint), but when lights are additively mixed in the correct proportions appear as a neutral grey or white.<sup id="cite_ref-complements_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-complements-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The color circle is used for, among other purposes, illustrating <a href="/wiki/Additive_color" title="Additive color">additive color</a> mixture. Combining two colored lights from different parts of the spectrum will produce a third color that appears like a light from another part of the spectrum, even though dissimilar wavelengths are involved. This type of color matching is known as <a href="/wiki/Metamerism_(color)" title="Metamerism (color)">metameric</a> matching.<sup id="cite_ref-Schiffman_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schiffman-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, a combination of <a href="/wiki/Green" title="Green">green</a> and red light will produce the color <a href="/wiki/Yellow" title="Yellow">yellow</a> in apparent hue. The newly formed color lies between the two original colors on the color circle. </p><p>Objects may be viewed under a variety of different lighting conditions. The human visual system is able to adapt to these differences by <a href="/wiki/Chromatic_adaptation" title="Chromatic adaptation">chromatic adaptation</a>. This aspect of the visual system is relatively easy to mislead, and <a href="/wiki/Optical_illusion" title="Optical illusion">optical illusions</a> relating to color are therefore a common phenomenon. The color circle is a useful tool for examining these illusions. </p><p>Arranging <a href="/wiki/Spectral_color" title="Spectral color">spectral colors</a> in a circle to predict admixture of light stems from work by Sir <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a>. Newton's calculation of the resulting color involves three steps: First, mark on the color circle the constituent colors according to their relative weight. Second, find the <a href="/wiki/Barycenter" class="mw-redirect" title="Barycenter">barycenter</a> of these differently weighted colors. Third, interpret the radial distance (from the center of the circle to the <a href="/wiki/Barycenter" class="mw-redirect" title="Barycenter">barycenter</a>) as the saturation of the color, and the <a href="/wiki/Azimuth" title="Azimuth">azimuthal position</a> on the circle as the hue of the color. Thus, Newton's color circle is a predecessor of the modern, horseshoe-shaped <a href="/wiki/CIE_1931_color_space" title="CIE 1931 color space">CIE color diagram.</a> </p><p>The psychophysical theory behind the color circle dates to the early <a href="/wiki/Color_triangle" title="Color triangle">color triangle</a> of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Young_(scientist)" title="Thomas Young (scientist)">Thomas Young</a>, whose work was later extended by <a href="/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwell" title="James Clerk Maxwell">James Clerk Maxwell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hermann_von_Helmholtz" title="Hermann von Helmholtz">Hermann von Helmholtz</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Color_wheels_and_paint_color_mixing">Color wheels and paint color mixing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Color_wheel&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Color wheels and paint color mixing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:020_schiffermueller1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/020_schiffermueller1.jpg/220px-020_schiffermueller1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/020_schiffermueller1.jpg/330px-020_schiffermueller1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/020_schiffermueller1.jpg/440px-020_schiffermueller1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="849" /></a><figcaption>Ignaz Schiffermüller, Versuch eines Farbensystems (Vienna, 1772), plate I. Color wheels can be used to create pleasing color schemes.</figcaption></figure> <p>There is no straight-line relationship between colors mixed in pigment, which vary from medium to medium. With a psychophysical color circle, however, the resulting hue of any mixture of two colored light sources can be determined simply by the relative brightness and wavelength of the two lights.<sup id="cite_ref-Schiffman_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schiffman-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A similar calculation cannot be performed with two paints. As such, a painter's color wheel is indicative rather than predictive, being used to compare existing colors rather than calculate exact colors of mixtures. Because of differences relating to the medium, different color wheels can be created according to the type of paint or other medium used, and many artists make their own individual color wheels. These often contain only blocks of color rather than the gradation between tones that is characteristic of the color circle.<sup id="cite_ref-paint_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-paint-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Color_wheel_software">Color wheel software</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Color_wheel&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Color wheel software"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Color_picker" title="Color picker">Color picker</a></div> <p>A number of interactive color wheel applications are available both on the Internet and as desktop applications. These programs are used by artists and designers for picking colors for a design. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Color_schemes">Color schemes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Color_wheel&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Color schemes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Color_scheme" title="Color scheme">Color scheme</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a list of ways to construct color schemes, regarding properties such as warmness/achromiticness/complementariness, see <a href="/wiki/Color_theory" title="Color theory">Color theory</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Moses_Harris,_The_Natural_System_of_Colours.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Moses_Harris%2C_The_Natural_System_of_Colours.jpg/220px-Moses_Harris%2C_The_Natural_System_of_Colours.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Moses_Harris%2C_The_Natural_System_of_Colours.jpg/330px-Moses_Harris%2C_The_Natural_System_of_Colours.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Moses_Harris%2C_The_Natural_System_of_Colours.jpg/440px-Moses_Harris%2C_The_Natural_System_of_Colours.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="858" /></a><figcaption>Moses Harris, in his book <i>The Natural System of Colours</i> (1776), presented this color palette.</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Color_theory" title="Color theory">color theory</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Color_scheme" title="Color scheme">color scheme</a> is the choice of colors used in design for a range of media. For example, the use of a white background with black text is an example of a common default color scheme in web design. </p><p>Color schemes are logical combinations of colors on the color wheel. Color schemes are used to create style and appeal. Colors that create an aesthetic feeling together commonly appear together in color schemes. A basic color scheme uses two colors that look appealing together. More advanced color schemes involve several colors in combination, usually based around a single color—for example, text with such colors as red, yellow, orange and light blue arranged together on a black background in a magazine article. Color schemes can also contain different shades of a single color; for example, a color scheme that mixes different shades of green, ranging from very light (almost white) to very dark. </p><p>Complementary colors are two colors directly across from each other; for example, red and green are complementary colors. Tetradic color palettes use four colors, a pair of complementary color pairs. For example, one could use yellow, purple, red, and green. Tetrad colors can be found by putting a square or rectangle on the color wheel. An analogous color scheme is made up of colors next to each other on the wheel. For example, red, orange, and yellow are analogous colors. Monochromatic colors are different shades of the same color. For example, light blue, indigo, and cyan blue. Complementary colors are colors across from each other on a color wheel. For example, blue and orange. Triadic colors are colors that are evenly across from each other, in a triangle over the color wheel. For example, the primary colors red, yellow, and blue are triadic colors.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Color_wheel&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248256098">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{border:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Newton%27s_colour_circle.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Newton's asymmetric color wheel based on musical intervals. Mixing "rays" in amounts given by the circles yields color "z" (1704)"><img alt="Newton's asymmetric color wheel based on musical intervals. Mixing "rays" in amounts given by the circles yields color "z" (1704)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Newton%27s_colour_circle.png/150px-Newton%27s_colour_circle.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Newton%27s_colour_circle.png/225px-Newton%27s_colour_circle.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Newton%27s_colour_circle.png/300px-Newton%27s_colour_circle.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="385" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Newton's</a> asymmetric color wheel based on musical intervals. Mixing "rays" in amounts given by the circles yields color "z" (1704)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Goethe,_Farbenkreis_zur_Symbolisierung_des_menschlichen_Geistes-_und_Seelenlebens,_1809.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Goethe's symmetric color wheel with 'reciprocally evoked colors' (1810)"><img alt="Goethe's symmetric color wheel with 'reciprocally evoked colors' (1810)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Goethe%2C_Farbenkreis_zur_Symbolisierung_des_menschlichen_Geistes-_und_Seelenlebens%2C_1809.jpg/118px-Goethe%2C_Farbenkreis_zur_Symbolisierung_des_menschlichen_Geistes-_und_Seelenlebens%2C_1809.jpg" decoding="async" width="118" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Goethe%2C_Farbenkreis_zur_Symbolisierung_des_menschlichen_Geistes-_und_Seelenlebens%2C_1809.jpg/177px-Goethe%2C_Farbenkreis_zur_Symbolisierung_des_menschlichen_Geistes-_und_Seelenlebens%2C_1809.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Goethe%2C_Farbenkreis_zur_Symbolisierung_des_menschlichen_Geistes-_und_Seelenlebens%2C_1809.jpg/236px-Goethe%2C_Farbenkreis_zur_Symbolisierung_des_menschlichen_Geistes-_und_Seelenlebens%2C_1809.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="913" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe">Goethe's</a> symmetric color wheel with 'reciprocally evoked colors' (1810)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Colorcircle.png" class="mw-file-description" title="A color circle based on additive combinations of the light spectrum, after Schiffman (1990)"><img alt="A color circle based on additive combinations of the light spectrum, after Schiffman (1990)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/46/Colorcircle.png/150px-Colorcircle.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/46/Colorcircle.png/225px-Colorcircle.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/46/Colorcircle.png/300px-Colorcircle.png 2x" data-file-width="461" data-file-height="416" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A color circle based on additive combinations of the light spectrum, after Schiffman (1990)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Human_Color_Wheel_by_Neil_Harbisson.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Human Color Wheel based on the hue and light detected on human skins, after Harbisson (2004–2009)"><img alt="Human Color Wheel based on the hue and light detected on human skins, after Harbisson (2004–2009)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Human_Color_Wheel_by_Neil_Harbisson.jpg/150px-Human_Color_Wheel_by_Neil_Harbisson.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Human_Color_Wheel_by_Neil_Harbisson.jpg/225px-Human_Color_Wheel_by_Neil_Harbisson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Human_Color_Wheel_by_Neil_Harbisson.jpg/300px-Human_Color_Wheel_by_Neil_Harbisson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3158" data-file-height="3647" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Human Color Wheel based on the hue and light detected on human skins, after <a href="/wiki/Neil_Harbisson" title="Neil Harbisson">Harbisson</a> (2004–2009)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RGB_color_wheel.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="RGB color wheel"><img alt="RGB color wheel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/RGB_color_wheel.svg/150px-RGB_color_wheel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/RGB_color_wheel.svg/225px-RGB_color_wheel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/RGB_color_wheel.svg/300px-RGB_color_wheel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">RGB color wheel</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Color_star-en_(tertiary_names).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="RYB color wheel"><img alt="RYB color wheel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Color_star-en_%28tertiary_names%29.svg/150px-Color_star-en_%28tertiary_names%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Color_star-en_%28tertiary_names%29.svg/225px-Color_star-en_%28tertiary_names%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Color_star-en_%28tertiary_names%29.svg/300px-Color_star-en_%28tertiary_names%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">RYB color wheel</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Color_circle_(RGB).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Color circle based on the HSV color space, showing all colors with a value (brightness) of 255 (100%). White is at the center, and fully saturated colors are at the outer edge. It is the circular face of the HSV "color cone"."><img alt="Color circle based on the HSV color space, showing all colors with a value (brightness) of 255 (100%). White is at the center, and fully saturated colors are at the outer edge. It is the circular face of the HSV "color cone"." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Color_circle_%28RGB%29.png/150px-Color_circle_%28RGB%29.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Color_circle_%28RGB%29.png/225px-Color_circle_%28RGB%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Color_circle_%28RGB%29.png/300px-Color_circle_%28RGB%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Color circle based on the <a href="/wiki/HSL_and_HSV" title="HSL and HSV">HSV</a> color space, showing all colors with a value (brightness) of 255 (100%). White is at the center, and fully saturated colors are at the outer edge. It is the circular face of the HSV "color cone".</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Color_wheel&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circle_of_fifths" title="Circle of fifths">Circle of fifths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_theory" title="Color theory">Color theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_perception" title="Visual perception">Visual perception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychophysics" title="Psychophysics">Psychophysics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_solid" title="Color solid">Color solid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spectral_color" title="Spectral color">Spectral color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octave" title="Octave">Octave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_blindness" title="Color blindness">Color blindness</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Color_wheel&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMorton" class="citation web cs1">Morton, J.L. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.colormatters.com/color-and-design/basic-color-theory">"Basic Color Theory"</a>. <i>Color Matters</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Color+Matters&rft.atitle=Basic+Color+Theory&rft.aulast=Morton&rft.aufirst=J.L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.colormatters.com%2Fcolor-and-design%2Fbasic-color-theory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColor+wheel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimon_Jennings2003" class="citation book cs1">Simon Jennings (2003). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/artistscolormanu00simo"><i>Artist's Color Manual: The Complete Guide to Working With Color</i></a></span>. Chronicle Books. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/artistscolormanu00simo/page/26">26</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8118-4143-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8118-4143-X"><bdi>0-8118-4143-X</bdi></a>. <q>color-wheel color-circle.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Artist%27s+Color+Manual%3A+The+Complete+Guide+to+Working+With+Color&rft.pages=26&rft.pub=Chronicle+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-8118-4143-X&rft.au=Simon+Jennings&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fartistscolormanu00simo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColor+wheel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFaber_Birren1934" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Faber_Birren" title="Faber Birren">Faber Birren</a> (1934). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ucTfVJnO-64C&pg=PA56"><i>Color Dimensions: Creating New Principles of Color and a Practical Equation in Color Definition</i></a>. Chicago: The Crimson Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4286-5179-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-4286-5179-9"><bdi>1-4286-5179-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Color+Dimensions%3A+Creating+New+Principles+of+Color+and+a+Practical+Equation+in+Color+Definition&rft.pub=Chicago%3A+The+Crimson+Press&rft.date=1934&rft.isbn=1-4286-5179-9&rft.au=Faber+Birren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DucTfVJnO-64C%26pg%3DPA56&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColor+wheel" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoseph_Anthony_Gillet_and_William_James_Rolfe1881" class="citation book cs1">Joseph Anthony Gillet and William James Rolfe (1881). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/elementsnatural00rolfgoog"><i>Elements of Natural Philosophy: For the Use of Schools and Academies</i></a>. New York: Potter, Ainsworth. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/elementsnatural00rolfgoog/page/n208">186</a>. <q>color-disc.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elements+of+Natural+Philosophy%3A+For+the+Use+of+Schools+and+Academies&rft.pages=186&rft.pub=New+York%3A+Potter%2C+Ainsworth&rft.date=1881&rft.au=Joseph+Anthony+Gillet+and+William+James+Rolfe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Felementsnatural00rolfgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColor+wheel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewton1730" class="citation book cs1">Newton, Isaac (1730). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/files/33504/33504-h/33504-h.htm"><i>Opticks: Or, A Treatise of the Reflections, Refractions, Inflections and Colours of Light</i></a>. William Innys at the West-End of St. Paul's. pp. 154–158.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Opticks%3A+Or%2C+A+Treatise+of+the+Reflections%2C+Refractions%2C+Inflections+and+Colours+of+Light&rft.pages=154-158&rft.pub=William+Innys+at+the+West-End+of+St.+Paul%27s.&rft.date=1730&rft.aulast=Newton&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Ffiles%2F33504%2F33504-h%2F33504-h.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColor+wheel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewton1704" class="citation book cs1">Newton, Isaac (1704). <i>Opticks</i>. pp. 114–117.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Opticks&rft.pages=114-117&rft.date=1704&rft.aulast=Newton&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColor+wheel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBriggs" class="citation web cs1">Briggs, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huevaluechroma.com/071.php#Newton_s_hue_system">"Newton's hue system"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Newton%27s+hue+system&rft.aulast=Briggs&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huevaluechroma.com%2F071.php%23Newton_s_hue_system&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColor+wheel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteven_K._Shevell2003" class="citation book cs1">Steven K. Shevell (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-fNJZ0xmTFIC&q=color-circle+wavelengths+newton+purple&pg=PA4"><i>The Science of Color</i></a>. Elsevier. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-444-51251-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-444-51251-9"><bdi>0-444-51251-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Science+of+Color&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-444-51251-9&rft.au=Steven+K.+Shevell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-fNJZ0xmTFIC%26q%3Dcolor-circle%2Bwavelengths%2Bnewton%2Bpurple%26pg%3DPA4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColor+wheel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLinda_Leal1994" class="citation book cs1">Linda Leal (1994). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/essentialsofpsyc0000leal"><i>The Essentials of Psychology</i></a></span>. Research & Education Assoc. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/essentialsofpsyc0000leal/page/26">26</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87891-930-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-87891-930-9"><bdi>0-87891-930-9</bdi></a>. <q>color-circle psychology red green blue.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Essentials+of+Psychology&rft.pages=26&rft.pub=Research+%26+Education+Assoc&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-87891-930-9&rft.au=Linda+Leal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fessentialsofpsyc0000leal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColor+wheel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKathleen_Lochen_Staiger2006" class="citation book cs1">Kathleen Lochen Staiger (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B4Q05KmkEdUC&q=color-wheel+artist+red+yellow+blue&pg=PA41"><i>The Oil Painting Course You've Always Wanted: Guided Lessons for Beginners</i></a>. Watson–Guptill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8230-3259-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8230-3259-0"><bdi>0-8230-3259-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oil+Painting+Course+You%27ve+Always+Wanted%3A+Guided+Lessons+for+Beginners&rft.pub=Watson%E2%80%93Guptill&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-8230-3259-0&rft.au=Kathleen+Lochen+Staiger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DB4Q05KmkEdUC%26q%3Dcolor-wheel%2Bartist%2Bred%2Byellow%2Bblue%26pg%3DPA41&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColor+wheel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartha_Gill2000" class="citation book cs1">Martha Gill (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cl6ELZriVe0C&q=color-wheel+scientific+traditional&pg=PA6"><i>Color Harmony Pastels: A Guidebook for Creating Great Color Combinations</i></a>. Rockport Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56496-720-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-56496-720-4"><bdi>1-56496-720-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Color+Harmony+Pastels%3A+A+Guidebook+for+Creating+Great+Color+Combinations&rft.pub=Rockport+Publishers&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1-56496-720-4&rft.au=Martha+Gill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dcl6ELZriVe0C%26q%3Dcolor-wheel%2Bscientific%2Btraditional%26pg%3DPA6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColor+wheel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/types.html#h-6.5">"Basic HTML data types"</a>. <i>HTML 4.01 Specification</i>. <a href="/wiki/W3C" class="mw-redirect" title="W3C">W3C</a>. 24 December 1999.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HTML+4.01+Specification&rft.atitle=Basic+HTML+data+types&rft.date=1999-12-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FTR%2FREC-html40%2Ftypes.html%23h-6.5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColor+wheel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-complements-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-complements_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Krech, D., Crutchfield, R.S., Livson, N., Wilson, W.A. jr., Parducci, A. (1982) <i>Elements of psychology</i> (4th ed.). New York: Alfred A. Knopf. pp. 108–109.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schiffman-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Schiffman_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schiffman_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Schiffman, H.R. (1990) Sensation and perception: An integrated approach (3rd ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons, pp. 252–253.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-paint-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-paint_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rodwell, J. (1987) The complete watercolour artist. London: Paul Press, pp. 94–95.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://burnettsboards.com/2013/05/how-to-create-color-palettes/">How to create color palettes</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Color_wheel&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output 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href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Colorwheels" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Colorwheels">Colorwheels</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li>David Briggs (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huevaluechroma.com/071.php"><i>Hue</i></a> in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huevaluechroma.com/index.php"><i>The Dimensions of Colour</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150806155705/http://www.colormixture.com/mix"><i>Interactive Color Wheel</i></a> (Color Scheme Generator)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://publicdomainreview.org/collections/colour-wheels-charts-and-tables-through-history/">"Colour Wheels, Charts, and Tables Through History"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Public_Domain_Review" title="The Public Domain Review">The 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title="Colorimetry">Colorimetry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Color_vision" title="Color vision">Color perception</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chromesthesia" title="Chromesthesia">Chromesthesia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sonochromatism" title="Sonochromatism">Sonochromatism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_blindness" title="Color blindness">Color blindness</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achromatopsia" title="Achromatopsia">Achromatopsia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dichromacy" title="Dichromacy">Dichromacy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_calibration" title="Color calibration">Color calibration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_constancy" title="Color constancy">Color constancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_task" title="Color task">Color task</a> <ul><li><a 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style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Color_psychology" title="Color psychology">Color psychology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Color_symbolism" title="Color symbolism">Color symbolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_preferences" title="Color preferences">Color preferences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCscher_color_test" title="Lüscher color test">Lüscher color test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kruithof_curve" title="Kruithof curve">Kruithof curve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_colour" title="Political colour">Political color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_colours" title="National colours">National colors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromophobia" title="Chromophobia">Chromophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromotherapy" title="Chromotherapy">Chromotherapy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Color_reproduction" title="Color reproduction">Color reproduction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Color_photography" title="Color photography">Color photography</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Color_balance" title="Color balance">Color balance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colour_cast" title="Colour cast">Color cast</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_image_processing" title="Digital image processing">Digital image processing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_management" title="Color management">Color management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_printing" title="Color printing">Color printing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multi-primary_color_display" title="Multi-primary color display">Multi-primary color display</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quattron" title="Quattron">Quattron</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_model" title="Color model">Color model</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Additive_color" title="Additive color">additive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RGB" class="mw-redirect" title="RGB">RGB</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subtractive_color" title="Subtractive color">subtractive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CMYK" class="mw-redirect" title="CMYK">CMYK</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_space" title="Color space">Color space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_mapping" class="mw-redirect" title="Color mapping">Color mapping</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RGB_color_wheel.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/RGB_color_wheel.svg/100px-RGB_color_wheel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/RGB_color_wheel.svg/150px-RGB_color_wheel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/RGB_color_wheel.svg/200px-RGB_color_wheel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_color" title="Philosophy of color">Color<br />philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Color_scheme" title="Color scheme">Color scheme</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Color_picker" title="Color picker">Color tool</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monochromatic_colors" class="mw-redirect" title="Monochromatic colors">Monochromatic colors</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black-and-white" title="Black-and-white">black-and-white</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complementary_colors" title="Complementary colors">Complementary colors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Analogous_colors" title="Analogous colors">Analogous colors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey" title="Grey">Achromatic colors (Neutral)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polychrome" title="Polychrome">Polychromatic colors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light-on-dark_color_scheme" title="Light-on-dark color scheme">Light-on-dark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_colors" title="Web colors">Web colors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tincture_(heraldry)" title="Tincture (heraldry)">Tinctures in heraldry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Color_theory" title="Color theory">Color theory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Color_mixing" title="Color mixing">Color mixing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Primary_color" title="Primary color">Primary color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_color" title="Secondary color">Secondary color</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromaticity" title="Chromaticity">Chromaticity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_solid" title="Color solid">Color solid</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Color wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_triangle" title="Color triangle">Color triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_analysis" title="Color analysis">Color analysis</a> (fashion)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_realism_(art_style)" title="Color realism (art style)">Color realism (art style)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/On_Vision_and_Colours" title="On Vision and Colours">On Vision and Colours</a></i> (Schopenhauer)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Theory_of_Colours" title="Theory of Colours">Theory of Colours</a></i> (Goethe)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Color_term" title="Color term">Color terms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Color_term#Basic_color_terms" title="Color term">Basic terms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue" title="Blue">Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green" title="Green">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red" title="Red">Red</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow" title="Yellow">Yellow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink" title="Pink">Pink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purple" title="Purple">Purple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_(colour)" title="Orange (colour)">Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black" title="Black">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey" title="Grey">Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White" title="White">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown" title="Brown">Brown</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Color_in_culture" title="Category:Color in culture">Cultural differences</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_relativity_and_the_color_naming_debate" title="Linguistic relativity and the color naming debate">Linguistic relativity and the color naming debate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue%E2%80%93green_distinction_in_language" title="Blue–green distinction in language">Blue–green distinction in language</a></li></ul></li> <li>Color history <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black-and-white_dualism" title="Black-and-white dualism">Black-and-white dualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_in_culture" title="Blue in culture">Blue in culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_in_Chinese_culture" title="Color in Chinese culture">Color in Chinese culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_colors_of_Japan" title="Traditional colors of Japan">Traditional colors of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_skin_color" title="Human skin color">Human skin color</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Color dimensions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hue" title="Hue">Hue</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dichromatism" title="Dichromatism">Dichromatism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorfulness" title="Colorfulness">Colorfulness</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pastel_(color)" title="Pastel (color)">Pastel colors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luminance" title="Luminance">Luminance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lightness" title="Lightness">Lightness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darkness" title="Darkness">Darkness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brightness" title="Brightness">Brightness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iridescence" title="Iridescence">Iridescence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluorescence" title="Fluorescence">Fluorescence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grayscale" title="Grayscale">Grayscale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tint,_shade_and_tone" title="Tint, shade and tone">Tint, shade and tone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Color<br />organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pantone" title="Pantone">Pantone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_Marketing_Group" title="Color Marketing Group">Color Marketing Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_Association_of_the_United_States" title="Color Association of the United States">Color Association of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Colour_Authority" title="International Colour Authority">International Colour Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Commission_on_Illumination" title="International Commission on Illumination">International Commission on Illumination</a> (CIE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Color_Consortium" title="International Color Consortium">International Color Consortium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Colour_Association" title="International Colour Association">International Colour Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Names</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_colors" title="Lists of colors">Lists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colors:_A%E2%80%93F" title="List of colors: A–F">List of colors: A–F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colors:_G%E2%80%93M" title="List of colors: G–M">List of colors: G–M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colors:_N%E2%80%93Z" title="List of colors: N–Z">List of colors: N–Z</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colors_(compact)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of colors (compact)">List of colors (compact)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colors_by_shade" title="List of colors by shade">List of colors by shade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_color_palettes" title="List of color palettes">List of color palettes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_color_spaces_and_their_uses" title="List of color spaces and their uses">List of color spaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Crayola_crayon_colors" title="List of Crayola crayon colors">List of Crayola crayon colors</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Crayola_crayons" title="History of Crayola crayons">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_chart" title="Color chart">Color chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_RAL_colors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of RAL colors">List of RAL colors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_colors" title="Web colors">List of web colors</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_colors_by_shade" title="List of colors by shade">Shades of:</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_red" title="Shades of red">Red</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_orange" title="Shades of orange">Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_yellow" title="Shades of yellow">Yellow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_green" title="Shades of green">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_cyan" title="Shades of cyan">Cyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_blue" title="Shades of blue">Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_violet" title="Shades of violet">Violet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_purple" title="Shades of purple">Purple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_magenta" title="Shades of magenta">Magenta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_pink" title="Shades of pink">Pink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_brown" title="Shades of brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_white" title="Shades of white">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_gray" title="Shades of gray">Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_black" title="Shades of black">Black</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_color-related_articles" title="Index of color-related articles">Related</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visual_perception" title="Visual perception">Vision</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contrast_(vision)" title="Contrast (vision)">Contrast</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qualia" title="Qualia">Qualia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lighting" title="Lighting">Lighting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Color" title="Category:Color">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_color-related_articles" title="Index of color-related articles">Index</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Template:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Template talk:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe">Johann Wolfgang von Goethe</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe_bibliography" title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe bibliography">Bibliography</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Cultural_depictions_of_Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Category:Cultural depictions of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe">Cultural depictions</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Poems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Epiphanias" title="Epiphanias">Epiphanias</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Erlk%C3%B6nig" title="Erlkönig">Erlkönig</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Die_erste_Walpurgisnacht" title="Die erste Walpurgisnacht">Die erste Walpurgisnacht</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ganymed_(Goethe)" title="Ganymed (Goethe)">Ganymed</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gesang_der_Geister_%C3%BCber_den_Wassern" title="Gesang der Geister über den Wassern">Gesang der Geister über den Wassern</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gingo_biloba" title="Gingo biloba">Gingo biloba</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Harzreise_im_Winter" title="Harzreise im Winter">Harzreise im Winter</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Heidenr%C3%B6slein" title="Heidenröslein">Heidenröslein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Hermann_and_Dorothea" title="Hermann and Dorothea">Hermann and Dorothea</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Der_K%C3%B6nig_in_Thule" title="Der König in Thule">Der König in Thule</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marienbad_Elegy" title="Marienbad Elegy">Marienbad Elegy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nur_wer_die_Sehnsucht_kennt" title="Nur wer die Sehnsucht kennt">Nur wer die Sehnsucht kennt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prometheus_(Goethe)" title="Prometheus (Goethe)">Prometheus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Roman_Elegies" title="Roman Elegies">Roman Elegies</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/The_Sorcerer%27s_Apprentice" title="The Sorcerer's Apprentice">The Sorcerer's Apprentice</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Welcome_and_Farewell" title="Welcome and Farewell">Welcome and Farewell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wanderer%27s_Nightsong" title="Wanderer's Nightsong">Wanderer's Nightsong</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/West%E2%80%93%C3%B6stlicher_Divan" title="West–östlicher Divan">West–östlicher Divan</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Xenien" title="Xenien">Xenien</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Der_B%C3%BCrgergeneral" title="Der Bürgergeneral">Der Bürgergeneral</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Clavigo_(play)" title="Clavigo (play)">Clavigo</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Goethe%27s_Faust" title="Goethe's Faust">Faust</a></i></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Faust,_Part_One" title="Faust, Part One">Faust I</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Faust,_Part_Two" title="Faust, Part Two">Faust II</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Egmont_(play)" title="Egmont (play)">Egmont</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Erwin_und_Elmire" title="Erwin und Elmire">Erwin und Elmire</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6tz_von_Berlichingen_(Goethe)" title="Götz von Berlichingen (Goethe)">Götz von Berlichingen</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Iphigenia_in_Tauris_(Goethe)" title="Iphigenia in Tauris (Goethe)">Iphigenia in Tauris</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Magic_Flute_Part_Two" title="The Magic Flute Part Two">The Magic Flute Part Two</a></i> (libretto fragment)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Natural_Daughter" title="The Natural Daughter">The Natural Daughter</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Stella_(play)" title="Stella (play)">Stella</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Torquato_Tasso_(play)" title="Torquato Tasso (play)">Torquato Tasso</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prose</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Elective_Affinities" title="Elective Affinities">Elective Affinities</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/The_Green_Snake_and_the_Beautiful_Lily" title="The Green Snake and the Beautiful Lily">The Green Snake and the Beautiful Lily</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sorrows_of_Young_Werther" title="The Sorrows of Young Werther">The Sorrows of Young Werther</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Meister%27s_Apprenticeship" title="Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship">Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Meister%27s_Journeyman_Years" title="Wilhelm Meister's Journeyman Years">Wilhelm Meister's Journeyman Years</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autobiographical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Dichtung_und_Wahrheit" title="Dichtung und Wahrheit">Dichtung und Wahrheit</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Italian_Journey" title="Italian Journey">Italian Journey</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Journals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Propyl%C3%A4en" title="Propyläen">Propyläen</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Natural sciences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Metamorphosis_of_Plants" title="Metamorphosis of Plants">Metamorphosis of Plants</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Theory_of_Colours" title="Theory of Colours">Theory of Colours</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conversations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Gespr%C3%A4che_mit_Goethe" title="Gespräche mit Goethe">Gespräche mit Goethe</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Christiane_Vulpius" title="Christiane Vulpius">Christine Vulpius</a> (wife)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Catharina_Elisabeth_Goethe" title="Catharina Elisabeth Goethe">Catharina Elisabeth Goethe</a> (mother)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Goethean_science" title="Goethean science">Goethean science</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Weimar_Classicism" title="Weimar Classicism">Weimar Classicism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Goethe-Institut" title="Goethe-Institut">Goethe-Institut</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Goethe_Medal" title="Goethe Medal">Goethe Medal</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Goethe_House_(Weimar)" title="Goethe House (Weimar)">Goethe House (Weimar)</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Goethe-Nationalmuseum" title="Goethe-Nationalmuseum">National Museum</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Goethe_House" title="Goethe House">Goethe House (Frankfurt)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Goethe-Gesellschaft" title="Goethe-Gesellschaft">Goethe-Gesellschaft</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Goethe_Monument_(Berlin)" title="Goethe Monument (Berlin)">Goethe Monument (Berlin)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Goethe%E2%80%93Schiller_Monument" title="Goethe–Schiller Monument"><i>Goethe–Schiller Monument</i> (Weimar)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Goethe%E2%80%93Schiller_Monument_(Milwaukee)" title="Goethe–Schiller Monument (Milwaukee)"><i>Goethe–Schiller</i> Monument (Milwaukee)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Goethe_Prize" title="Goethe Prize">Goethe Prize</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Goethe_Society_of_North_America" title="Goethe Society of North America">Goethe Society of North America</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Goetheanum" title="Goetheanum">Goetheanum</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Goethe_in_the_Roman_Campagna" title="Goethe in the Roman Campagna"><i>Goethe in the Roman Campagna</i> (1787 painting)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Goethe_at_the_Window" title="Goethe at the Window"><i>Goethe at the Window</i> (1786/7 painting)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lotte_in_Weimar:_The_Beloved_Returns" title="Lotte in Weimar: The Beloved Returns"><i>Lotte in Weimar</i> (1939 Thomas Mann novel)</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lotte_in_Weimar_(film)" title="Lotte in Weimar (film)"><i>Lotte in Weimar</i> (1975 film)</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/A_Man_in_Love_(novel)" title="A Man in 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