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<span>Response</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Response-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Response subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Response-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Initial_viral_spread" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Initial_viral_spread"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Initial viral spread</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Initial_viral_spread-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Overnight_popularity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overnight_popularity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Overnight popularity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overnight_popularity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Real_colours_of_dress_confirmed" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Real_colours_of_dress_confirmed"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Real colours of dress confirmed</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Real_colours_of_dress_confirmed-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scientific_explanations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scientific_explanations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Scientific explanations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scientific_explanations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span 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Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9)" title="الفستان (ظاهرة) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الفستان (ظاهرة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_dress" title="The dress – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="The dress" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Robe_(photo)" title="La Robe (photo) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="La Robe (photo)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%93%9C%EB%A0%88%EC%8A%A4_%EC%83%89_%EB%85%BC%EC%9F%81" title="드레스 색 논쟁 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="드레스 색 논쟁" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B5%D5%BF_%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B4_%D5%BD%D5%BA%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF_%D5%A6%D5%A3%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%AB_%D6%86%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Կապույտ կամ սպիտակ զգեստի ֆենոմեն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կապույտ կամ սպիտակ զգեստի ֆենոմեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Dress_(fenomena_Internet)" title="The Dress (fenomena Internet) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="The Dress (fenomena Internet)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%94_(%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%98)" title="השמלה (תופעת אינטרנט) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="השמלה (תופעת אינטרנט)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_dress" title="The dress – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="The dress" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_dress" title="The dress – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="The dress" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moviy_yoki_oq_ko%CA%BBylak_fenomeni" title="Moviy yoki oq koʻylak fenomeni – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Moviy yoki oq koʻylak fenomeni" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A6_%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%88%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%B8_(%E0%A8%87%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%88%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9F_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE)" title="ਦ ਡਰੈੱਸ (ਇੰਟਰਨੈੱਟ ਵਰਤਾਰਾ) – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਦ ਡਰੈੱਸ (ਇੰਟਰਨੈੱਟ ਵਰਤਾਰਾ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestido_(fen%C3%B4meno_da_internet)" title="Vestido (fenômeno da internet) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vestido (fenômeno da internet)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%8F" title="Феномен синего или белого платья – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Феномен синего или белого платья" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_dress" title="The dress – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="The dress" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%99%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Хаљина (фотографија) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хаљина (фотографија)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE_%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%97_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Феномен синьої або білої сукні – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Феномен синьої або білої сукні" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi%E1%BA%BFc_v%C3%A1y_(hi%E1%BB%87n_t%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_m%E1%BA%A1ng)" title="Chiếc váy (hiện tượng mạng) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chiếc váy (hiện tượng mạng)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%97%8D%E9%BB%91%E7%99%BD%E9%87%91%E8%A3%99" title="藍黑白金裙 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="藍黑白金裙" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected due to vandalism"><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Viral phenomenon regarding the colour of a dress</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the viral phenomenon. For the garment, see <a href="/wiki/Dress" title="Dress">dress</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/The_Dress_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="The Dress (disambiguation)">The Dress</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_dress_blueblackwhitegold.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Washed-out colour photograph of a lace dress" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/21/The_dress_blueblackwhitegold.jpg/220px-The_dress_blueblackwhitegold.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="334" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/21/The_dress_blueblackwhitegold.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="389" /></a><figcaption>The original photograph of the dress</figcaption></figure> <p><b>The dress</b> was a 2015 <a href="/wiki/Viral_phenomenon" title="Viral phenomenon">online viral phenomenon</a> centred on a photograph of a dress. Viewers disagreed on whether the dress was blue and black, or white and gold. The phenomenon revealed differences in human <a href="/wiki/Color_vision" title="Color vision">colour perception</a> and became the subject of scientific investigations into <a href="/wiki/Neuroscience" title="Neuroscience">neuroscience</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vision_science" title="Vision science">vision science</a>. </p><p>The phenomenon originated in a photograph of a dress posted on the social networking service <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a>. The dress was black and blue, but the conditions of the photograph caused many to perceive it as white and gold, creating debate. Within a week, more than ten million <a href="/wiki/Twitter#Tweets" title="Twitter">tweets</a> had mentioned the dress. The retailer of the dress, Roman Originals, reported a surge in sales and produced a one-off version in white and gold sold for charity. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin">Origin</h2></div> <p>In February 2015, about a week before the wedding of Grace and Keir Johnston, of <a href="/wiki/Colonsay" title="Colonsay">Colonsay</a>, Scotland, the bride's mother, Cecilia Bleasdale, took a photograph of a dress at <a href="/wiki/Cheshire_Oaks_Designer_Outlet" title="Cheshire Oaks Designer Outlet">Cheshire Oaks Designer Outlet</a> north of <a href="/wiki/Chester" title="Chester">Chester</a>, England. Bleasdale intended to wear the dress at the wedding and sent the photograph to Grace. The dress was coloured blue with black lace. However, Grace told her mother she perceived it in the photograph as white with gold lace.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After Grace posted the photograph on Facebook, her friends also disagreed; some saw it as white with gold, while others saw it as blue with black.<sup id="cite_ref-wp-insidestory_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wp-insidestory-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-buzzfeed-blueandblack_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-buzzfeed-blueandblack-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For a week, the debate became well known in Colonsay, a small island community.<sup id="cite_ref-etonline.com_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-etonline.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the day of the wedding, Caitlin McNeill, a friend of the bride and groom, performed with her band at the wedding. Even after seeing that the dress was "obviously blue and black" in reality,<sup id="cite_ref-buzzfeed-blueandblack_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-buzzfeed-blueandblack-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the musicians remained preoccupied by the photograph. They said they almost failed to make it on stage because they were caught up discussing the dress. A few days later, on 26 February, McNeill reposted the image to her blog on <a href="/wiki/Tumblr" title="Tumblr">Tumblr</a>, creating further public discussion surrounding the image.<sup id="cite_ref-wp-insidestory_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wp-insidestory-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-buzzfeed-blueandblack_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-buzzfeed-blueandblack-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Response">Response</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Initial_viral_spread">Initial viral spread</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:300px; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>The most interesting thing to me is that it traveled. It went from New York media <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/circle_jerk" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:circle jerk">circle-jerk</a> Twitter to international. And you could see it in my Twitter notifications because people started having conversations in, like, Spanish and Portuguese and then Japanese and Chinese and Thai and Arabic. It was amazing to watch this move from a local thing to, like, a massive international phenomenon. </p> </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="right-aligned" style="">Cates Holderness<sup id="cite_ref-BuzzFeed_anniversary_oral_history_post_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BuzzFeed_anniversary_oral_history_post-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div> </div> <p>Cates Holderness, who ran the Tumblr page for <i><a href="/wiki/BuzzFeed" title="BuzzFeed">BuzzFeed</a></i> at the site's New York offices, received a message from McNeill asking for help resolving the colour dispute of the dress. She dismissed it, but checked the page near the end of her workday and saw that it had received around 5,000 notes, a large amount for Tumblr. Tom Christ, Tumblr's director of data, said at its peak the page was receiving 14,000 views a second (or 840,000 views per minute), well over the normal rates. Later that night, the number of notes increased tenfold.<sup id="cite_ref-BuzzFeed_anniversary_oral_history_post_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BuzzFeed_anniversary_oral_history_post-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Holderness showed the picture to other members of the <i>BuzzFeed</i> <a href="/wiki/Social_media" title="Social media">social media</a> team, who immediately began arguing about the dress colours. She created a simple poll for Tumblr users, then left work and took the subway home. When she got off the train and checked her phone, it was overwhelmed by messages. That evening, the page set a new record at <i>BuzzFeed</i> for <a href="/wiki/Session_(web_analytics)" title="Session (web analytics)">concurrent visitors</a>, and eventually peaked at 673,000.<sup id="cite_ref-BuzzFeed_anniversary_oral_history_post_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BuzzFeed_anniversary_oral_history_post-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BBCNews1January2016_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCNews1January2016-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The image became a worldwide <a href="/wiki/Internet_meme" title="Internet meme">Internet meme</a> across social media. On <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>, users created the <a href="/wiki/Hashtag" title="Hashtag">hashtags</a> "#whiteandgold", "#blueandblack", and "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-gate" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:-gate">#dressgate</a>" to discuss their opinions on what the colour of the dress was, and theories surrounding their arguments.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The number of tweets about the dress increased throughout the night; at 11:36 pm GMT, when the first increase in the number of tweets about the dress occurred, there were five thousand tweets per minute using the hashtag "#TheDress", increasing to 11,000 tweets per minute with the hashtag by 1:31 am GMT.<sup id="cite_ref-BuzzFeed_anniversary_oral_history_post_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BuzzFeed_anniversary_oral_history_post-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The photo also attracted discussion relating to the triviality of the matter as a whole; <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i> described the dispute as "[the] drama that divided a planet".<sup id="cite_ref-wp-insidestory_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wp-insidestory-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bostoncom-colorbind_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bostoncom-colorbind-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-slate-whiteandgold_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-slate-whiteandgold-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some articles humorously suggested that the dress could prompt an <a href="/wiki/Existential_crisis" title="Existential crisis">existential crisis</a> over the nature of sight and <a href="/wiki/Reality" title="Reality">reality</a>, or that the debate could harm interpersonal relationships.<sup id="cite_ref-wp-insidestory_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wp-insidestory-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others examined why people were making such a big argument over a seemingly trivial matter.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Overnight_popularity">Overnight popularity</h3></div> <p>On the evening <i>BuzzFeed</i> posted the article, the <a href="/wiki/Wellesley_College" title="Wellesley College">Wellesley College</a> neuroscientist <a href="/wiki/Bevil_Conway" title="Bevil Conway">Bevil Conway</a> gave some comments about the phenomenon to the <i><a href="/wiki/Wired_(website)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wired (website)">Wired</a></i> reporter Adam Rogers. Before they hung up, Rogers warned him, "Your tomorrow will not be the same." Conway thought he was exaggerating. Rogers's story eventually received 32.8 million unique visitors. When Conway woke up the next morning, his inbox had so many emails he initially thought it had been hacked, until he saw that most were interview requests from major media organisations. "I did 10 interviews and had to have a colleague take my class that day," said Conway.<sup id="cite_ref-BuzzFeed_anniversary_oral_history_post_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BuzzFeed_anniversary_oral_history_post-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Celebrities with larger Twitter followings began to comment. A tweet by the American songwriter <a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a>, in which she saw the dress as blue and black and said she was "confused and scared"—was retweeted 111,134 times and liked 154,188 times.<sup id="cite_ref-BuzzFeed_anniversary_oral_history_post_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BuzzFeed_anniversary_oral_history_post-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jaden_Smith" title="Jaden Smith">Jaden Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frankie_Muniz" title="Frankie Muniz">Frankie Muniz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Demi_Lovato" title="Demi Lovato">Demi Lovato</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mindy_Kaling" title="Mindy Kaling">Mindy Kaling</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Justin_Bieber" title="Justin Bieber">Justin Bieber</a> saw the dress was blue and black, while <a href="/wiki/Anna_Kendrick" title="Anna Kendrick">Anna Kendrick</a>, <a href="/wiki/B._J._Novak" title="B. J. Novak">B. J. Novak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Katy_Perry" title="Katy Perry">Katy Perry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julianne_Moore" title="Julianne Moore">Julianne Moore</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Hyland" title="Sarah Hyland">Sarah Hyland</a> saw it as white and gold.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kim_Kardashian" title="Kim Kardashian">Kim Kardashian</a> tweeted that she saw it as white and gold, while her then-husband <a href="/wiki/Kanye_West" title="Kanye West">Kanye West</a> saw it as blue and black. <a href="/wiki/Lucy_Hale" title="Lucy Hale">Lucy Hale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phoebe_Tonkin" title="Phoebe Tonkin">Phoebe Tonkin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Katie_Nolan" title="Katie Nolan">Katie Nolan</a> saw different colour schemes at different times. <a href="/wiki/Lady_Gaga" title="Lady Gaga">Lady Gaga</a> described the dress as "<a href="/wiki/Periwinkle_(color)" title="Periwinkle (color)">periwinkle</a> and sand", while <a href="/wiki/David_Duchovny" title="David Duchovny">David Duchovny</a> called it <a href="/wiki/Teal" title="Teal">teal</a>. Other celebrities, including <a href="/wiki/Ellen_DeGeneres" title="Ellen DeGeneres">Ellen DeGeneres</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ariana_Grande" title="Ariana Grande">Ariana Grande</a>, mentioned the dress on social media without mentioning specific colours.<sup id="cite_ref-smh-dressgate_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smh-dressgate-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Iyengar-27-Feb-2015_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iyengar-27-Feb-2015-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Politicians, government agencies and social media platforms of major brands also wrote humorous posts.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ultimately, the dress was the subject of 4.4 million tweets within 24 hours.<sup id="cite_ref-BuzzFeed_anniversary_oral_history_post_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BuzzFeed_anniversary_oral_history_post-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The dress was designed and manufactured by Roman Originals.<sup id="cite_ref-designer_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-designer-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the UK, where the phenomenon had begun, Ian Johnson, creative manager for Roman Originals, learned of the controversy from his Facebook news feed that morning. "I was pretty gobsmacked. I just laughed and told the wife that I'd better get to work," he said.<sup id="cite_ref-BuzzFeed_anniversary_oral_history_post_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BuzzFeed_anniversary_oral_history_post-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> TV presenter <a href="/wiki/Alex_Jones_(Welsh_presenter)" title="Alex Jones (Welsh presenter)">Alex Jones</a> wore the dress on that night's edition of <i><a href="/wiki/The_One_Show" title="The One Show">The One Show</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:300px; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>We've seen other stories go viral, but the sheer diversity of outlets that picked it up and were talking about it was unlike anything we had ever seen. Everyone from QVC to Warner Bros. to local public libraries to Red Cross affiliates were all posting links to it on their social accounts. That kind of diversity in who's sharing a story pretty much never happens<span class="nowrap"> </span>... and certainly never to that degree. Even in the year since and with a million different people trying to replicate it, nothing has come close.<sup id="cite_ref-BuzzFeed_anniversary_oral_history_post_5-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BuzzFeed_anniversary_oral_history_post-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="right-aligned" style="">Brandon Silverman, CEO of social media monitoring site CrowdTangle</cite></div> </div> <p>Businesses that had nothing to do with the dress, or even the <a href="/wiki/Clothing_industry" title="Clothing industry">clothing industry</a>, devoted social media attention to the phenomenon. <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Adobe Systems">Adobe</a> retweeted another Twitter user who had used some of the company's apps to isolate the dress's colours. "We jumped in the conversation and thought, <i>Let's see what happens</i>," recalled Karen Do, the company's senior manager for social media. Jenna Bromberg, a digital brand manager for <a href="/wiki/Pizza_Hut" title="Pizza Hut">Pizza Hut</a>, saw the dress as white and gold and quickly sent out a tweet with a picture of pizza noting that it, too, was the same colours. Do called it "literally a tweet heard around the world".<sup id="cite_ref-BuzzFeed_anniversary_oral_history_post_5-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BuzzFeed_anniversary_oral_history_post-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ben Fischer of the <i>New York Business Journal</i> reported that interest in the first <i>BuzzFeed</i> article about the dress exhibited vertical growth instead of the typical <a href="/wiki/Gaussian_function" title="Gaussian function">bell curve</a> of a viral phenomenon, leading <i>BuzzFeed</i> to assign two editorial teams to generate additional articles about the dress to drive ad revenue,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and, by 1 March, the original <i>BuzzFeed</i> article had received over 37 million views.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dress was cited by <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a> commentator <a href="/wiki/Mel_Robbins" title="Mel Robbins">Mel Robbins</a> as a viral phenomenon having the requisite qualities of <a href="/wiki/Positivity_bias" class="mw-redirect" title="Positivity bias">positivity bias</a> incorporating "awe, laughter and amusement" and was compared to and contrasted with a story about escaped llamas in an Arizona retirement community earlier that day, as well as to tributes paid to actor <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Nimoy" title="Leonard Nimoy">Leonard Nimoy</a> after his death the following day.<sup id="cite_ref-Robbins_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robbins-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Real_colours_of_dress_confirmed">Real colours of dress confirmed</h3></div> <p>The dress was confirmed as a royal blue "Lace Bodycon Dress" from the retailer Roman Originals.<sup id="cite_ref-material_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-material-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dress is black and blue;<sup id="cite_ref-independent_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-independent-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bbcoptical_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbcoptical-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although it was available in three other colours (red, pink, and ivory, each with black lace), a white and gold version was not available at the time. The day after McNeill's post, Roman Originals' website experienced a major surge in traffic and sold out of the dress within 30 minutes.<sup id="cite_ref-nydn-romanoriginals_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nydn-romanoriginals-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 28 February, Roman Originals announced that they would make a single white and gold dress for a <a href="/wiki/Comic_Relief" title="Comic Relief">Comic Relief</a> charity auction.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 3 March, the Johnstons, Bleasdale, and MacNeill appeared as guests on <i><a href="/wiki/The_Ellen_DeGeneres_Show" title="The Ellen DeGeneres Show">The Ellen DeGeneres Show</a></i> in the United States. The presenter, <a href="/wiki/Ellen_DeGeneres" title="Ellen DeGeneres">Ellen DeGeneres</a>, presented each of them with gifts of underwear patterned after the dress and combining both colour schemes. The show sponsors also gave the Johnstons a gift of $10,000 and a <a href="/wiki/Honeymoon" title="Honeymoon">honeymoon</a> trip to <a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a>, as they had left their honeymoon early to participate in the show.<sup id="cite_ref-etonline.com_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-etonline.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1 March, over two thirds of <i>BuzzFeed</i> users polled responded that the dress was white and gold.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some people have suggested that the dress changes colours on its own.<sup id="cite_ref-wp-insidestory_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wp-insidestory-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Media outlets noted that the photo was <a href="/wiki/Overexposure" class="mw-redirect" title="Overexposure">overexposed</a> and had poor <a href="/wiki/White_balance" class="mw-redirect" title="White balance">white balance</a>, causing its colours to be washed out, giving rise to the perception by some that the dress is white and gold.<sup id="cite_ref-wp-insidestory_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wp-insidestory-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mashable-overexposed_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mashable-overexposed-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scientific_explanations">Scientific explanations</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikipe-tan_wearing_The_Dress_reduced.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Wikipe-tan_wearing_The_Dress_reduced.svg/220px-Wikipe-tan_wearing_The_Dress_reduced.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Wikipe-tan_wearing_The_Dress_reduced.svg/330px-Wikipe-tan_wearing_The_Dress_reduced.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Wikipe-tan_wearing_The_Dress_reduced.svg/440px-Wikipe-tan_wearing_The_Dress_reduced.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="570" /></a><figcaption>Two ways in which the photograph of the dress may be perceived: <div><ul><li>blue and black under a yellow-tinted illumination (left figure) or</li><li>white and gold under a blue-tinted illumination (right figure).</li></ul></div> </figcaption></figure> <p>There is no consensus on why the dress elicits such discordant perceptions.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The neuroscientists <a href="/wiki/Bevil_Conway" title="Bevil Conway">Bevil Conway</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jay_Neitz" title="Jay Neitz">Jay Neitz</a> believe they are a result of how the human brain <a href="/wiki/Colour_vision" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour vision">perceives colour</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chromatic_adaptation" title="Chromatic adaptation">chromatic adaptation</a>. Conway believes it is connected to how the brain processes the various hues of a <a href="/wiki/Daylight" title="Daylight">daylight</a> sky: "Your visual system is looking at this thing, and you're trying to discount the chromatic bias of the daylight axis<span class="nowrap"> </span>... people either discount the blue side, in which case they end up seeing white and gold, or discount the gold side, in which case they end up with blue and black."<sup id="cite_ref-wired-science_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wired-science-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-theguardian1_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theguardian1-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Neitz said: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Our visual system is supposed to throw away information about the illuminant and extract information about the actual reflectance<span class="nowrap"> </span>... but I've studied individual differences in colour vision for 30 years, and this is one of the biggest individual differences I've ever seen.<sup id="cite_ref-wired-science_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wired-science-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Similar theories have been expounded by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Liverpool" title="University of Liverpool">University of Liverpool</a>'s Paul Knox, who stated that what the brain interprets as colour may be affected by the device the photograph is viewed on, or the viewer's own expectations.<sup id="cite_ref-Viewpoint_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Viewpoint-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Anya_Hurlbert" title="Anya Hurlbert">Anya Hurlbert</a> and collaborators also considered the problem from the perspective of colour perception. They attributed the differences in perception to individual perception of <a href="/wiki/Colour_constancy" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour constancy">colour constancy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Aurlbert&Aston2017_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aurlbert&Aston2017-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Brainard&Hulbert2015_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brainard&Hulbert2015-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The neuroscientist and psychologist Pascal Wallisch states that while inherently ambiguous stimuli have been known to <a href="/wiki/Vision_science" title="Vision science">vision science</a> for many years, this is the first such stimulus in the colour domain that was brought to the attention of science by social media. He attributes differential perceptions to differences in illumination and fabric priors, but also notes that the stimulus is highly unusual insofar as the perception of most people does not switch. If it does, it does so only on very long time scales, which is highly unusual for bistable stimuli, so perceptual learning might be at play.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, he says that discussions of this stimulus are not frivolous, as the stimulus is both of interest to science and a paradigmatic case of how different people can sincerely see the world differently.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Daniel Hardiman-McCartney of the <a href="/wiki/College_of_Optometrists" title="College of Optometrists">College of Optometrists</a> stated that the picture was ambiguous, suggesting that the illusion was caused by a strong yellow light shining onto the dress, and human perception of the colours of the dress and light source by comparing them with other colours and objects in the picture.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The philosopher <a href="/wiki/Barry_C._Smith" title="Barry C. Smith">Barry C. Smith</a> compared the phenomenon with <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Wittgenstein" title="Ludwig Wittgenstein">Ludwig Wittgenstein</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Rabbit%E2%80%93duck_illusion" title="Rabbit–duck illusion">rabbit–duck illusion</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although the rabbit-duck illusion is an <a href="/wiki/Ambiguous_image" title="Ambiguous image">ambiguous image</a> where, for most people, the alternative perceptions switch very easily. </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Vision" title="Journal of Vision">Journal of Vision</a></i>, a scientific journal about vision research, announced in March 2015 that a special issue about the dress would be published with the title <i>A Dress Rehearsal for Vision Science</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first large-scale scientific study on the dress was published in <i><a href="/wiki/Current_Biology" title="Current Biology">Current Biology</a></i> three months after the image went viral. The study, which involved 1,400 respondents, found that 57 per cent saw the dress as blue and black, 30 per cent saw it as white and gold, 11 per cent saw it as blue and brown, and two per cent reported it as "other".<sup id="cite_ref-lafer-sousa_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lafer-sousa-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Women and older people disproportionately saw the dress as white and gold. The researchers further found that, if the dress was shown in artificial yellow-coloured lighting, almost all respondents saw the dress as black and blue, while they saw it as white and gold if the simulated lighting had a blue bias.<sup id="cite_ref-theguardian1_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theguardian1-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lafer-sousa_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lafer-sousa-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gegenfurtner_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gegenfurtner-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-winkler_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-winkler-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another study in the <i>Journal of Vision</i>, by Pascal Wallisch, found that people who were early risers were more likely to think the dress was lit by natural light, perceiving it as white and gold, and that "night owls" saw the dress as blue and black.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A study carried out by Schlaffke et al. reported that individuals who saw the dress as white and gold showed increased activity in the frontal and parietal regions of the brain. These areas are thought to be critical in higher cognition activities such as top-down modulation in visual perception.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2></div> <p>The dress was included on multiple year-end lists of notable Internet memes in 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the original authors of the photograph that sparked the viral phenomenon, Bleasdale and her partner Paul Jinks later expressed frustration and regret over being "completely left out from the story", including their lack of control over the story, the omission of their role in the discovery, and the commercial use of the photograph.<sup id="cite_ref-BBCNews1January2016_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCNews1January2016-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In South Africa, <a href="/wiki/The_Salvation_Army" title="The Salvation Army">the Salvation Army</a> used the dress in a 2015 campaign to raise awareness of domestic violence, with the slogan: "Why is it so hard to see black and blue?"<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/BathingSuit1920s.jpg/32px-BathingSuit1920s.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/BathingSuit1920s.jpg/48px-BathingSuit1920s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/BathingSuit1920s.jpg/64px-BathingSuit1920s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="490" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Fashion" title="Portal:Fashion">Fashion portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/28px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/42px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/56px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="407" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Internet" title="Portal:Internet">Internet portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/28px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/42px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/56px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Science" title="Portal:Science">Science portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Checker_shadow_illusion" title="Checker shadow illusion">Checker shadow illusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_individual_dresses" title="List of individual dresses">List of individual dresses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Internet_phenomena" title="List of Internet phenomena">List of Internet phenomena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanny_or_Laurel" title="Yanny or Laurel">Yanny or Laurel</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBenedictus2015" class="citation news cs1">Benedictus, Leo (22 December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2015/dec/22/thedress-internet-divided-cecilia-bleasdale-black-blue-white-gold">"#Thedress: 'It's been quite stressful having to deal with it ... we had a falling-out'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191211054102/https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2015/dec/22/thedress-internet-divided-cecilia-bleasdale-black-blue-white-gold">Archived</a> from the original on 11 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=%23Thedress%3A+%27It%27s+been+quite+stressful+having+to+deal+with+it+...+we+had+a+falling-out%27&rft.date=2015-12-22&rft.aulast=Benedictus&rft.aufirst=Leo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ffashion%2F2015%2Fdec%2F22%2Fthedress-internet-divided-cecilia-bleasdale-black-blue-white-gold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+dress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wp-insidestory-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wp-insidestory_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wp-insidestory_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wp-insidestory_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wp-insidestory_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wp-insidestory_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wp-insidestory_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2015/02/27/the-inside-story-of-the-white-dress-blue-dress-drama-that-divided-a-nation/">"The inside story of the 'white dress, blue dress' drama that divided a planet"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180712020352/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2015/02/27/the-inside-story-of-the-white-dress-blue-dress-drama-that-divided-a-nation/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=The+inside+story+of+the+%27white+dress%2C+blue+dress%27+drama+that+divided+a+planet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fmorning-mix%2Fwp%2F2015%2F02%2F27%2Fthe-inside-story-of-the-white-dress-blue-dress-drama-that-divided-a-nation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+dress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-buzzfeed-blueandblack-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-buzzfeed-blueandblack_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-buzzfeed-blueandblack_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-buzzfeed-blueandblack_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.buzzfeed.com/claudiakoerner/the-dress-is-blue-and-black-says-the-girl-who-saw-it-in-pers">"The Dress Is Blue And Black, Says The Girl Who Saw It in Person"</a>. <i>BuzzFeed</i>. 27 February 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180530001048/https://www.buzzfeed.com/claudiakoerner/the-dress-is-blue-and-black-says-the-girl-who-saw-it-in-pers">Archived</a> from the original on 30 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BuzzFeed&rft.atitle=The+Dress+Is+Blue+And+Black%2C+Says+The+Girl+Who+Saw+It+in+Person&rft.date=2015-02-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.buzzfeed.com%2Fclaudiakoerner%2Fthe-dress-is-blue-and-black-says-the-girl-who-saw-it-in-pers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+dress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-etonline.com-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-etonline.com_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-etonline.com_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etonline.com/news/160575_ellen_degeneres_settles_the_great_dress_debate_once_and_for_all/">"Ellen DeGeneres Settles the Great Dress Debate Once and For All!"</a>. <i>Entertainment Tonight</i>. 3 March 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160330211614/http://www.etonline.com/news/160575_ellen_degeneres_settles_the_great_dress_debate_once_and_for_all/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Entertainment+Tonight&rft.atitle=Ellen+DeGeneres+Settles+the+Great+Dress+Debate+Once+and+For+All%21&rft.date=2015-03-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etonline.com%2Fnews%2F160575_ellen_degeneres_settles_the_great_dress_debate_once_and_for_all%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+dress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BuzzFeed_anniversary_oral_history_post-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BuzzFeed_anniversary_oral_history_post_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BuzzFeed_anniversary_oral_history_post_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BuzzFeed_anniversary_oral_history_post_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BuzzFeed_anniversary_oral_history_post_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BuzzFeed_anniversary_oral_history_post_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BuzzFeed_anniversary_oral_history_post_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BuzzFeed_anniversary_oral_history_post_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BuzzFeed_anniversary_oral_history_post_5-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BuzzFeed_anniversary_oral_history_post_5-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BuzzFeed_anniversary_oral_history_post_5-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarzel2016" class="citation news cs1">Warzel, Charlie (26 February 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.buzzfeed.com/charliewarzel/226-how-two-runaway-llamas-and-a-dress-gave-us-the-internets">"2/26: The Oral History"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BuzzFeed" title="BuzzFeed">BuzzFeed</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180319033110/https://www.buzzfeed.com/charliewarzel/226-how-two-runaway-llamas-and-a-dress-gave-us-the-internets">Archived</a> from the original on 19 March 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=Color+Bind%3A+This+Dress+is+White+and+Gold%2C+Right%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boston.com%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2015%2F02%2F26%2Fthis-dress-white-and-gold-right%2FMxsJKvqOKtV4lMg84ffNEM%2Fstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+dress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-slate-whiteandgold-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-slate-whiteandgold_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slate.com/blogs/the_slatest/2015/02/26/the_great_blue_and_black_versus_white_and_gold_dress_debate.html">"The Official Live Blog: Is This Dress Blue and Black or White and Gold?"</a>. <i>Slate</i>. 27 February 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181015065840/http://www.slate.com/blogs/the_slatest/2015/02/26/the_great_blue_and_black_versus_white_and_gold_dress_debate.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Slate&rft.atitle=The+Official+Live+Blog%3A+Is+This+Dress+Blue+and+Black+or+White+and+Gold%3F&rft.date=2015-02-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slate.com%2Fblogs%2Fthe_slatest%2F2015%2F02%2F26%2Fthe_great_blue_and_black_versus_white_and_gold_dress_debate.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+dress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKing2015" class="citation web cs1">King, Kirsten (26 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.buzzfeed.com/kirstenking/this-dress-is-taking-over">"This Dress Is Ruining People's Lives"</a>. <i>BuzzFeed</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180530001059/https://www.buzzfeed.com/kirstenking/this-dress-is-taking-over">Archived</a> from the original on 30 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BuzzFeed&rft.atitle=This+Dress+Is+Ruining+People%27s+Lives&rft.date=2015-02-26&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=Kirsten&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.buzzfeed.com%2Fkirstenking%2Fthis-dress-is-taking-over&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+dress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/feb/27/colour-dress-optical-illusion-social-media">"Why do we care about the colour of the dress?"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 27 February 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170821125835/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/feb/27/colour-dress-optical-illusion-social-media">Archived</a> from the original on 21 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Why+do+we+care+about+the+colour+of+the+dress%3F&rft.date=2015-02-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2F2015%2Ffeb%2F27%2Fcolour-dress-optical-illusion-social-media&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+dress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150401070135/http://www.mtv.com/news/2091624/dress-blue-black-white-gold-kim-kardashian-miley-cyrus-justin-bieber/">"What Colors Are This Dress? 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=%23Dressgate%3A+The+white+and+gold+dress+making+our+mind+work+until+it%27s+black+and+blue&rft.date=2015-02-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Flifestyle%2Ffashion%2Fdressgate-the-white-and-gold-dress-making-our-mind-work-until-its-black-and-blue-20150227-13qqrc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+dress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Iyengar-27-Feb-2015-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Iyengar-27-Feb-2015_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIyengar" class="citation news cs1">Iyengar, Rishi. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/3725628/the-dress-caitlin-mcneill-post-tumblr-viral/">"The Dress That Broke the Internet, and the Woman Who Started It All"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171016150525/http://time.com/3725628/the-dress-caitlin-mcneill-post-tumblr-viral/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27What+color+is+this+dress%27+confused+celebrities%2C+too&rft.pub=Fansided.com&rft.date=2015-02-26&rft.aulast=Sanchez&rft.aufirst=Josh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffansided.com%2F2015%2F02%2F26%2Fcolor-dress-confused-celebrities%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+dress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMahler2015" class="citation news cs1">Mahler, Jonathan (27 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/28/business/a-simple-question-about-a-dress-and-the-world-weighs-in.html">"A White and Gold Dress Overloads the Internet"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180518060252/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/28/business/a-simple-question-about-a-dress-and-the-world-weighs-in.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+White+and+Gold+Dress+Overloads+the+Internet&rft.date=2015-02-27&rft.aulast=Mahler&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2015%2F02%2F28%2Fbusiness%2Fa-simple-question-about-a-dress-and-the-world-weighs-in.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+dress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIyengar2015" class="citation magazine cs1">Iyengar, Rishi (26 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/3725450/dress-taylor-swift-black-blue-white-gold-celebrities/">"Taylor Swift Says The Dress is Black and Blue"</a>. <i>Time</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170913193437/http://time.com/3725450/dress-taylor-swift-black-blue-white-gold-celebrities/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Taylor+Swift+Says+The+Dress+is+Black+and+Blue&rft.date=2015-02-26&rft.aulast=Iyengar&rft.aufirst=Rishi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F3725450%2Fdress-taylor-swift-black-blue-white-gold-celebrities%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+dress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJim_Dalrymple_II2015" class="citation web cs1">Jim Dalrymple II (27 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.buzzfeed.com/jimdalrympleii/politicians-police-and-brands-have-weighed-in-on-the-dress">"Politicians, Police, And Brands Have Weighed in On 'The Dress'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Politicians%2C+Police%2C+And+Brands+Have+Weighed+in+On+%27The+Dress%27&rft.pub=Buzzfeed.com&rft.date=2015-02-27&rft.au=Jim+Dalrymple+II&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.buzzfeed.com%2Fjimdalrympleii%2Fpoliticians-police-and-brands-have-weighed-in-on-the-dress&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+dress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-designer-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-designer_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrant2015" class="citation news cs1">Grant, Katie (30 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/the-dress-roman-originals-co-founder-peter-christodoulou-says-viral-image-leaves-company-sitting-a6715786.html">"The Dress: Roman Originals co-founder Peter Christodoulou on how viral image left company sitting pretty"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180521024220/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/the-dress-roman-originals-co-founder-peter-christodoulou-says-viral-image-leaves-company-sitting-a6715786.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=The+Dress%3A+Roman+Originals+co-founder+Peter+Christodoulou+on+how+viral+image+left+company+sitting+pretty&rft.date=2015-10-30&rft.aulast=Grant&rft.aufirst=Katie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fhome-news%2Fthe-dress-roman-originals-co-founder-peter-christodoulou-says-viral-image-leaves-company-sitting-a6715786.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+dress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFForrester2015" class="citation web cs1">Forrester, Katy (28 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/entertainment/celebrity/watch-alex-jones-rock-thedress-5246416">"Watch Alex Jones rock #TheDress on The One Show as debate rumbles on over its colour"</a>. <i>Daily Record</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210417095256/https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/entertainment/celebrity/watch-alex-jones-rock-thedress-5246416">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Daily+Record&rft.atitle=Watch+Alex+Jones+rock+%23TheDress+on+The+One+Show+as+debate+rumbles+on+over+its+colour&rft.date=2015-02-28&rft.aulast=Forrester&rft.aufirst=Katy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailyrecord.co.uk%2Fentertainment%2Fcelebrity%2Fwatch-alex-jones-rock-thedress-5246416&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+dress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFischer2015" class="citation web cs1">Fischer, Ben (27 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bizjournals.com/newyork/blog/techflash/2015/02/the-dress-phenomenon-didnt-happen-by-accident.html">"The Dress phenomenon didn't happen by accident. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+York+Business+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Dress+phenomenon+didn%27t+happen+by+accident.+It+took+big+money.&rft.date=2015-02-27&rft.aulast=Fischer&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bizjournals.com%2Fnewyork%2Fblog%2Ftechflash%2F2015%2F02%2Fthe-dress-phenomenon-didnt-happen-by-accident.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+dress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolderness2015" class="citation web cs1">Holderness, Cates (26 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.buzzfeed.com/catesish/help-am-i-going-insane-its-definitely-blue">"What Colors Are This Dress?"</a>. <i>BuzzFeed</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180423060123/https://www.buzzfeed.com/catesish/help-am-i-going-insane-its-definitely-blue">Archived</a> from the original on 23 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BuzzFeed&rft.atitle=What+Colors+Are+This+Dress%3F&rft.date=2015-02-26&rft.aulast=Holderness&rft.aufirst=Cates&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.buzzfeed.com%2Fcatesish%2Fhelp-am-i-going-insane-its-definitely-blue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+dress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Robbins-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Robbins_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobbins2015" class="citation news cs1">Robbins, Mel (28 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2015/02/27/opinion/robbins-llamas-dress/">"Why blue/black/white/gold dress went viral"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180516174142/https://www.cnn.com/2015/02/27/opinion/robbins-llamas-dress/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Why+blue%2Fblack%2Fwhite%2Fgold+dress+went+viral&rft.date=2015-02-28&rft.aulast=Robbins&rft.aufirst=Mel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2015%2F02%2F27%2Fopinion%2Frobbins-llamas-dress%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+dress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-material-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-material_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.romanoriginals.co.uk/invt/70931?colour=Royal-Blue">"Lace Detail Bodycon Dress"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150227021740/http://www.romanoriginals.co.uk/invt/70931?colour=Royal-Blue">Archived</a> from the original on 27 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lace+Detail+Bodycon+Dress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.romanoriginals.co.uk%2Finvt%2F70931%3Fcolour%3DRoyal-Blue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+dress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-independent-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-independent_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/news/the-dress-actual-colour-brand-and-price-details-revealed-10074686.html">"The blue and black (or white and gold) dress: Actual color, brand, and price details revealed"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. 27 February 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190713214124/https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/news/the-dress-actual-colour-brand-and-price-details-revealed-10074686.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=The+blue+and+black+%28or+white+and+gold%29+dress%3A+Actual+color%2C+brand%2C+and+price+details+revealed&rft.date=2015-02-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Flife-style%2Ffashion%2Fnews%2Fthe-dress-actual-colour-brand-and-price-details-revealed-10074686.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+dress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbcoptical-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bbcoptical_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-highlands-islands-31656935">"Optical illusion: Dress color debate goes global"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190713222129/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-highlands-islands-31656935">Archived</a> from the original on 13 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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New York. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180521175754/http://www.nydailynews.com/life-style/fashion/thedress-flying-racks-article-1.2131584">Archived</a> from the original on 21 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Elsevier BV: 271–275. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cortex.2015.08.017">10.1016/j.cortex.2015.08.017</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0010-9452">0010-9452</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26478963">26478963</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:25188324">25188324</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cortex&rft.atitle=The+brain%27s+dress+code%3A+How+The+Dress+allows+to+decode+the+neuronal+pathway+of+an+optical+illusion&rft.volume=73&rft.pages=271-275&rft.date=2015-12&rft.issn=0010-9452&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A25188324%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26478963&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.cortex.2015.08.017&rft.aulast=Schlaffke&rft.aufirst=Lara&rft.au=Golisch%2C+Anne&rft.au=Haag%2C+Lauren+M.&rft.au=Lenz%2C+Melanie&rft.au=Heba%2C+Stefanie&rft.au=Lissek%2C+Silke&rft.au=Schmidt-Wilcke%2C+Tobias&rft.au=Eysel%2C+Ulf+T.&rft.au=Tegenthoff%2C+Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+dress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ew.com/gallery/memes-biggest-2015/2403468_dress">"The 15 Best Memes of 2015"</a>. <i>Entertainment Weekly's EW.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160314043417/http://www.ew.com/gallery/memes-biggest-2015/2403468_dress">Archived</a> from the original on 14 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Entertainment+Weekly%27s+EW.com&rft.atitle=The+15+Best+Memes+of+2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ew.com%2Fgallery%2Fmemes-biggest-2015%2F2403468_dress&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+dress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160402032532/http://www.mtv.com/news/2681341/best-memes-took-internet-by-storm-in-2015/">"24 Memes That Took The Internet By Storm in 2015"</a>. MTV News. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mtv.com/news/2681341/best-memes-took-internet-by-storm-in-2015/">the original</a> on 2 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=24+Memes+That+Took+The+Internet+By+Storm+in+2015&rft.pub=MTV+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mtv.com%2Fnews%2F2681341%2Fbest-memes-took-internet-by-storm-in-2015%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+dress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/trending/salvation-army-uses-the-dress-in-ad-targeting-violence-against-women-1.2985043">"Salvation Army uses The Dress in ad targeting violence against women"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. 6 March 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180202092423/http://www.cbc.ca/news/trending/salvation-army-uses-the-dress-in-ad-targeting-violence-against-women-1.2985043">Archived</a> from the original on 2 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Salvation+Army+uses+The+Dress+in+ad+targeting+violence+against+women&rft.pub=CBC+News&rft.date=2015-03-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Ftrending%2Fsalvation-army-uses-the-dress-in-ad-targeting-violence-against-women-1.2985043&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+dress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:The_dress" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:The dress">The dress</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150227014959/http://swiked.tumblr.com/post/112073818575/guys-please-help-me-is-this-dress-white-and">"Original Tumblr post"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://swiked.tumblr.com/post/112073818575/guys-please-help-me-is-this-dress-white-and">the original</a> on 27 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Original+Tumblr+post&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fswiked.tumblr.com%2Fpost%2F112073818575%2Fguys-please-help-me-is-this-dress-white-and&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+dress" class="Z3988"></span> (as of 27 February 2015 at 01:49:59 <a href="/wiki/Universal_Time_Coordinated" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal Time Coordinated">UTC</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/romanoriginals/status/571224722438004736">"We can confirm #TheDress is blue and black! We should know!"</a>. <i>Twitter</i>. @romanoriginals. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200304005809/https://twitter.com/romanoriginals/status/571224722438004736">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Optical_illusions" title="Template:Optical illusions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Optical_illusions" title="Template talk:Optical illusions"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Optical_illusions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Optical illusions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Optical_illusions_(list)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Optical_illusion" title="Optical illusion">Optical illusions</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_optical_illusions" title="List of optical illusions">list</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Illusions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afterimage" title="Afterimage">Afterimage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambigram" title="Ambigram">Ambigram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambiguous_image" title="Ambiguous image">Ambiguous image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ames_room" title="Ames room">Ames room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autostereogram" title="Autostereogram">Autostereogram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barberpole_illusion" title="Barberpole illusion">Barberpole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bezold_effect" title="Bezold effect">Bezold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_wall_illusion" title="Café wall illusion">Café wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Checker_shadow_illusion" title="Checker shadow illusion">Checker shadow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chubb_illusion" title="Chubb illusion">Chubb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornsweet_illusion" title="Cornsweet illusion">Cornsweet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delboeuf_illusion" title="Delboeuf illusion">Delboeuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebbinghaus_illusion" title="Ebbinghaus illusion">Ebbinghaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ehrenstein_illusion" title="Ehrenstein illusion">Ehrenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_lag_illusion" title="Flash lag illusion">Flash lag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraser_spiral_illusion" title="Fraser spiral illusion">Fraser spiral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravity_hill" title="Gravity hill">Gravity hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grid_illusion" title="Grid illusion">Grid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hering_illusion" title="Hering illusion">Hering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impossible_trident" title="Impossible trident">Impossible trident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irradiation_illusion" title="Irradiation illusion">Irradiation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jastrow_illusion" title="Jastrow illusion">Jastrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilac_chaser" title="Lilac chaser">Lilac chaser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mach_bands" title="Mach bands">Mach bands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCollough_effect" title="McCollough effect">McCollough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCller-Lyer_illusion" title="Müller-Lyer illusion">Müller-Lyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necker_cube" title="Necker cube">Necker cube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oppel-Kundt_illusion" title="Oppel-Kundt illusion">Oppel-Kundt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbison_illusion" title="Orbison illusion">Orbison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penrose_stairs" title="Penrose stairs">Penrose stairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penrose_triangle" title="Penrose triangle">Penrose triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peripheral_drift_illusion" title="Peripheral drift illusion">Peripheral drift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poggendorff_illusion" title="Poggendorff illusion">Poggendorff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponzo_illusion" title="Ponzo illusion">Ponzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubin_vase" title="Rubin vase">Rubin vase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sander_illusion" title="Sander illusion">Sander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schroeder_stairs" title="Schroeder stairs">Schroeder stairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shepard_tables" title="Shepard tables">Shepard tables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinning_dancer" title="Spinning dancer">Spinning dancer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ternus_illusion" title="Ternus illusion">Ternus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertical%E2%80%93horizontal_illusion" title="Vertical–horizontal illusion">Vertical–horizontal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White%27s_illusion" title="White's illusion">White's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wundt_illusion" title="Wundt illusion">Wundt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z%C3%B6llner_illusion" title="Zöllner illusion">Zöllner</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Optical_Illustion-Ambiguous_Patterns.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Optical_Illustion-Ambiguous_Patterns.svg/30px-Optical_Illustion-Ambiguous_Patterns.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Optical_Illustion-Ambiguous_Patterns.svg/45px-Optical_Illustion-Ambiguous_Patterns.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Optical_Illustion-Ambiguous_Patterns.svg/60px-Optical_Illustion-Ambiguous_Patterns.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="117" data-file-height="438" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Popular culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Op_art" title="Op art">Op art</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trompe-l%27%C5%93il" title="Trompe-l'œil">Trompe-l'œil</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spectropia" title="Spectropia">Spectropia</a></i> (1864 book)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ascending_and_Descending" title="Ascending and Descending">Ascending and Descending</a></i> (1960 drawing)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Waterfall_(M._C._Escher)" title="Waterfall (M. C. Escher)">Waterfall</a></i> (1961 drawing)</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The dress</a></i> (2015 photograph)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accidental_viewpoint" title="Accidental viewpoint">Accidental viewpoint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auditory_illusion" title="Auditory illusion">Auditory illusions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illusion" title="Illusion">Illusions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tactile_illusion" title="Tactile illusion">Tactile illusions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_perception" title="Time perception">Temporal illusion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Colour_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Color_topics" title="Template:Color topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Color_topics" title="Template talk:Color topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Color_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Color topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Colour_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Color" title="Color">Colour</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Color_science" title="Color science">Colour science</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Colour physics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum" title="Electromagnetic spectrum">Electromagnetic spectrum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Light" title="Light">Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow" title="Rainbow">Rainbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visible_spectrum" title="Visible spectrum">Visible</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spectral_color" title="Spectral color">Spectral colours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromophore" title="Chromophore">Chromophore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Structural_colouration" class="mw-redirect" title="Structural colouration">Structural colouration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_colouration" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal colouration">Animal colouration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colour_of_chemicals" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour of chemicals">Colour of chemicals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Color_of_water" title="Color of water">Water</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spectral_power_distribution" title="Spectral power distribution">Spectral power distribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorimetry" title="Colorimetry">Colorimetry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Color_vision" title="Color vision">Colour perception</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chromesthesia" title="Chromesthesia">Chromesthesia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sonochromatism" title="Sonochromatism">Sonochromatism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colour_blindness" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour blindness">Colour blindness</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achromatopsia" title="Achromatopsia">Achromatopsia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dichromacy" title="Dichromacy">Dichromacy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colour_calibration" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour calibration">Colour calibration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colour_constancy" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour constancy">Colour constancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colour_task" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour task">Colour task</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colour_code" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour code">Colour code</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colour_temperature" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour temperature">Colour temperature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colour_vision_test" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour vision test">Colour vision test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_colour_vision" class="mw-redirect" title="Evolution of colour vision">Evolution of colour vision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impossible_colour" class="mw-redirect" title="Impossible colour">Impossible colours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metamerism_(color)" title="Metamerism (color)">Metamerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opponent_process" title="Opponent process">Opponent process</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afterimage" title="Afterimage">Afterimage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unique_hues" title="Unique hues">Unique hues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrachromacy" title="Tetrachromacy">Tetrachromacy</a></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The dress</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Colour_psychology" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour psychology">Colour psychology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colour_symbolism" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour symbolism">Colour symbolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colour_preferences" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour preferences">Colour preferences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCscher_colour_test" class="mw-redirect" title="Lüscher colour test">Lüscher colour test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kruithof_curve" title="Kruithof curve">Kruithof curve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_colour" title="Political colour">Political colour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_colours" title="National colours">National colours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromophobia" title="Chromophobia">Chromophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromotherapy" title="Chromotherapy">Chromotherapy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Colour_reproduction" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour reproduction">Colour reproduction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colour_photography" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour photography">Colour photography</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colour_balance" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour balance">Colour balance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colour_cast" title="Colour cast">Colour cast</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_image_processing" title="Digital image processing">Digital image processing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colour_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour management">Colour management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colour_printing" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour printing">Colour printing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multi-primary_colour_display" class="mw-redirect" title="Multi-primary colour display">Multi-primary colour display</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quattron" title="Quattron">Quattron</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colour_model" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour model">Colour model</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Additive_color" title="Additive color">additive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RGB" class="mw-redirect" title="RGB">RGB</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subtractive_color" title="Subtractive color">subtractive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CMYK" class="mw-redirect" title="CMYK">CMYK</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colour_space" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour space">Colour space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colour_mapping" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour mapping">Colour mapping</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RGB_color_wheel.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/RGB_color_wheel.svg/100px-RGB_color_wheel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/RGB_color_wheel.svg/150px-RGB_color_wheel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/RGB_color_wheel.svg/200px-RGB_color_wheel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_color" title="Philosophy of color">Colour<br />philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Colour_scheme" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour scheme">Colour scheme</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Color_picker" title="Color picker">Colour tool</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monochromatic_colours" class="mw-redirect" title="Monochromatic colours">Monochromatic colours</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black-and-white" title="Black-and-white">black-and-white</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complementary_colours" class="mw-redirect" title="Complementary colours">Complementary colours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Analogous_colours" class="mw-redirect" title="Analogous colours">Analogous colours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey" title="Grey">Achromatic colours (Neutral)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polychrome" title="Polychrome">Polychromatic colours</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light-on-dark_color_scheme" title="Light-on-dark color scheme">Light-on-dark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_colours" class="mw-redirect" title="Web colours">Web colours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tincture_(heraldry)" title="Tincture (heraldry)">Tinctures in heraldry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Colour_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour theory">Colour theory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colour_mixing" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour mixing">Colour mixing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Primary_colour" class="mw-redirect" title="Primary colour">Primary colour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_colour" class="mw-redirect" title="Secondary colour">Secondary colour</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromaticity" title="Chromaticity">Chromaticity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colour_solid" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour solid">Colour solid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colour_wheel" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour wheel">Colour wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colour_triangle" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour triangle">Colour triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colour_analysis" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour analysis">Colour analysis</a> (fashion)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colour_realism_(art_style)" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour realism (art style)">Colour realism (art style)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/On_Vision_and_Colours" title="On Vision and Colours">On Vision and Colours</a></i> (Schopenhauer)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Theory_of_Colours" title="Theory of Colours">Theory of Colours</a></i> (Goethe)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Colour_term" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour term">Colour terms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Color_term#Basic_color_terms" title="Color term">Basic terms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue" title="Blue">Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green" title="Green">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red" title="Red">Red</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow" title="Yellow">Yellow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink" title="Pink">Pink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purple" title="Purple">Purple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_(colour)" title="Orange (colour)">Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black" title="Black">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey" title="Grey">Grey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White" title="White">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown" title="Brown">Brown</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Color_in_culture" title="Category:Color in culture">Cultural differences</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_relativity_and_the_colour_naming_debate" class="mw-redirect" title="Linguistic relativity and the colour naming debate">Linguistic relativity and the colour naming debate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue%E2%80%93green_distinction_in_language" title="Blue–green distinction in language">Blue–green distinction in language</a></li></ul></li> <li>Colour history <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black-and-white_dualism" title="Black-and-white dualism">Black-and-white dualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_in_culture" title="Blue in culture">Blue in culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colour_in_Chinese_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour in Chinese culture">Colour in Chinese culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_colours_of_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional colours of Japan">Traditional colours of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_skin_colour" class="mw-redirect" title="Human skin colour">Human skin colour</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Colour dimensions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hue" title="Hue">Hue</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dichromatism" title="Dichromatism">Dichromatism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colourfulness" class="mw-redirect" title="Colourfulness">Colourfulness</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pastel_(color)" title="Pastel (color)">Pastel colours</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luminance" title="Luminance">Luminance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lightness" title="Lightness">Lightness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darkness" title="Darkness">Darkness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brightness" title="Brightness">Brightness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iridescence" title="Iridescence">Iridescence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluorescence" title="Fluorescence">Fluorescence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grayscale" title="Grayscale">Grayscale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tint,_shade_and_tone" title="Tint, shade and tone">Tint, shade and tone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Colour<br />organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pantone" title="Pantone">Pantone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_Marketing_Group" title="Color Marketing Group">Color Marketing Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_Association_of_the_United_States" title="Color Association of the United States">Color Association of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Colour_Authority" title="International Colour Authority">International Colour Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Commission_on_Illumination" title="International Commission on Illumination">International Commission on Illumination</a> (CIE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Color_Consortium" title="International Color Consortium">International Colour Consortium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Colour_Association" title="International Colour Association">International Colour Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Names</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_colors" title="Lists of colors">Lists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colours:_A%E2%80%93F" class="mw-redirect" title="List of colours: A–F">List of colours: A–F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colours:_G%E2%80%93M" class="mw-redirect" title="List of colours: G–M">List of colours: G–M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colours:_N%E2%80%93Z" class="mw-redirect" title="List of colours: N–Z">List of colours: N–Z</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colours_(compact)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of colours (compact)">List of colours (compact)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colours_by_shade" class="mw-redirect" title="List of colours by shade">List of colours by shade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colour_palettes" class="mw-redirect" title="List of colour palettes">List of colour palettes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_color_spaces_and_their_uses" title="List of color spaces and their uses">List of colour spaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Crayola_crayon_colours" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Crayola crayon colours">List of Crayola crayon colours</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Crayola_crayons" title="History of Crayola crayons">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colour_chart" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour chart">Colour chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_RAL_colours" title="List of RAL colours">List of RAL colours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_colors" title="Web colors">List of web colours</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_colors_by_shade" title="List of colors by shade">Shades of:</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_red" title="Shades of red">Red</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_orange" title="Shades of orange">Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_yellow" title="Shades of yellow">Yellow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_green" title="Shades of green">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_cyan" title="Shades of cyan">Cyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_blue" title="Shades of blue">Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_violet" title="Shades of violet">Violet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_purple" title="Shades of purple">Purple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_magenta" title="Shades of magenta">Magenta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_pink" title="Shades of pink">Pink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_brown" title="Shades of brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_white" title="Shades of white">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_gray" title="Shades of gray">Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_black" title="Shades of black">Black</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_color-related_articles" title="Index of color-related articles">Related</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visual_perception" title="Visual perception">Vision</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contrast_(vision)" title="Contrast (vision)">Contrast</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qualia" title="Qualia">Qualia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lighting" title="Lighting">Lighting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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