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</div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div 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interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouragan_Alicia" title="Ouragan Alicia – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ouragan Alicia" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furac%C3%A3o_Alicia" title="Furacão Alicia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Furacão Alicia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Alicia" title="Hurricane Alicia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hurricane Alicia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurrikaani_Alicia" title="Hurrikaani Alicia – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hurrikaani Alicia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A3%93%E9%A3%8E%E8%89%BE%E4%B8%BD%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="飓风艾丽西亚 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="飓风艾丽西亚" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3078655#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> 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searchaux" style="display:none">Category 3 Atlantic hurricane in 1983</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1160504542">.mw-parser-output .ib-weather-event .infobox-header>.nowrap{margin:0 8px}</style><table class="infobox ib-weather-event"><caption class="infobox-title">Hurricane Alicia</caption> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Alicia_1983-08-17_2330Z.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Alicia_1983-08-17_2330Z.png/220px-Alicia_1983-08-17_2330Z.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Alicia_1983-08-17_2330Z.png/330px-Alicia_1983-08-17_2330Z.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Alicia_1983-08-17_2330Z.png/440px-Alicia_1983-08-17_2330Z.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Alicia at Category 2 intensity while rapidly intensifying off the Texas coast on the afternoon of August 17</div></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddd;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><span class="nowrap">Meteorological history</span></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formed</th><td class="infobox-data">August 15, 1983<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">August 15, 1983</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Extratropical_cyclone" title="Extratropical cyclone">Extratropical</a></th><td class="infobox-data">August 20, 1983</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dissipated</th><td class="infobox-data">August 21, 1983<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">August 21, 1983</span>)</span></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1160504542"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #FF9E59"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><span class="nowrap">Category 3 major hurricane</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><i>1-minute sustained</i> (<a href="/wiki/Saffir%E2%80%93Simpson_scale" title="Saffir–Simpson scale">SSHWS</a>/<a href="/wiki/National_Weather_Service" title="National Weather Service">NWS</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest winds</th><td class="infobox-data">115 mph (185 km/h)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lowest pressure</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">962 <a href="/wiki/Bar_(unit)" title="Bar (unit)">mbar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pascal_(unit)" title="Pascal (unit)">hPa</a>); 28.41 <a href="/wiki/Inch_of_mercury" title="Inch of mercury">inHg</a></span></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr style="background-color: #00000022; color: inherit;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Overall effects</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fatalities</th><td class="infobox-data">21</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Damage</th><td class="infobox-data">$3 billion (1983 <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">USD</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Areas affected</th><td class="infobox-data">Texas (particularly the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Houston" title="Greater Houston">Greater Houston</a> area), <a href="/wiki/Central_United_States" title="Central United States">Central United States</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ncics.org/ibtracs/index.php?name=v04r00-1983228N27270">IBTrACS</a><span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3078655#P4540" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr />Part of the <b><a href="/wiki/1983_Atlantic_hurricane_season" title="1983 Atlantic hurricane season">1983 Atlantic hurricane season</a></b></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Hurricane Alicia</b> was a small but powerful <a href="/wiki/Tropical_cyclone" title="Tropical cyclone">tropical cyclone</a> that caused significant destruction in the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Houston" title="Greater Houston">Greater Houston</a> area of <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Texas" title="Southeast Texas">Southeast Texas</a> in August 1983. Although Alicia was a relatively small hurricane, its track over the rapidly growing <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">metropolitan area</a> contributed to its $3 billion damage toll, making it the <a href="/wiki/List_of_costliest_Atlantic_hurricanes" title="List of costliest Atlantic hurricanes">costliest Atlantic hurricane</a> at the time. Alicia spawned from a disturbance that originated from the tail-end of a <a href="/wiki/Cold_front" title="Cold front">cold front</a> over the northern Gulf of Mexico in mid-August 1983. The cyclone was named on August 14 when it became a tropical storm, and the combination of weak steering currents and a conducive environment allowed Alicia to quickly intensify as it drifted slowly westward. On August 17, Alicia became a hurricane and continued to strengthen, topping out as a <a href="/wiki/List_of_Category_3_Atlantic_hurricanes" title="List of Category 3 Atlantic hurricanes">Category 3 major hurricane</a> as it made <a href="/wiki/Landfall" title="Landfall">landfall</a> on the southwestern end of <a href="/wiki/Galveston_Island" title="Galveston Island">Galveston Island</a>. Alicia's <a href="/wiki/Eye_(cyclone)" title="Eye (cyclone)">eye</a> passed just west of <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Houston" title="Downtown Houston">Downtown Houston</a> as the system accelerated northwestwards across <a href="/wiki/East_Texas" title="East Texas">East Texas</a>; Alicia eventually weakened into a remnant <a href="/wiki/Low-pressure_area" title="Low-pressure area">area of low pressure</a> over <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a> on August 20 before they were last noted on August 21 over eastern <a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a>. </p><p>Alicia was the first hurricane to make landfall on the United States since <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Allen" title="Hurricane Allen">Hurricane Allen</a> struck <a href="/wiki/South_Texas" title="South Texas">South Texas</a> in August <a href="/wiki/1980_Atlantic_hurricane_season" title="1980 Atlantic hurricane season">1980</a> over three years prior, ending the longest period of the twentieth century without a landfalling hurricane on the U.S. coast. Alicia's approach precipitated the evacuation of 60–80 thousand people from coastal communities along the coasts of Southeast Texas and <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a>. Along the coast, a 12 ft (3.7 m) <a href="/wiki/Storm_surge" title="Storm surge">storm tide</a> flooded communities, with the rough surf sinking several ships and resulting in three offshore fatalities. Most of the damage attributed to the storm was caused by strong winds estimated to have peaked at 130 mph (210 km/h) in southwestern Galveston Island. Alicia was the first major hurricane to form in the Gulf of Mexico since <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Anita" title="Hurricane Anita">Hurricane Anita</a> of <a href="/wiki/1977_Atlantic_hurricane_season" title="1977 Atlantic hurricane season">1977</a>. </p><p>Widespread damage was wrought in <a href="/wiki/Galveston" class="mw-redirect" title="Galveston">Galveston</a> and <a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a>, where thousands of homes were destroyed. In Downtown Houston, nearly all skyscrapers saw the loss of approximately half of lower-level windows, littering the urban streets with debris. Widespread power outages and flooding impacted much of Southeast Texas, with observed rainfall totals peaking at 9.95 in (253 mm). In addition to the strong winds, rough surf, and heavy rain, Alicia also generated 22 tornadoes centered around the Houston–Galveston area; most were <a href="/wiki/Fujita_scale" title="Fujita scale">rated</a> F0, but the strongest, an F2, tore through <a href="/wiki/Corsicana" class="mw-redirect" title="Corsicana">Corsicana</a> further north. </p><p>The impacts of Alicia tapered inland past the point of landfall, though the weakening system still produced damaging winds and flooding in the <a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a>–<a href="/wiki/Fort_Worth" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Worth">Fort Worth</a> metroplex and <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a>; light rain associated with Alicia was observed as far north as <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a>. In total, Alicia caused 21 fatalities and 7,288 injuries. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Meteorological_history">Meteorological history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hurricane_Alicia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Meteorological history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alicia_1983_track.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Alicia_1983_track.png/275px-Alicia_1983_track.png" decoding="async" width="275" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Alicia_1983_track.png/413px-Alicia_1983_track.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Alicia_1983_track.png/550px-Alicia_1983_track.png 2x" data-file-width="2700" data-file-height="1669" /></a><figcaption>Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale<br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Map key</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""><div style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; max-width: 51em; width: 100%"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Saffir%E2%80%93Simpson_scale" title="Saffir–Simpson scale">Saffir–Simpson scale</a></b></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#6EC1EA; color:black;"> </span> Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)<br /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#4DFFFF; color:black;"> </span> Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)<br /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFFFCC; color:black;"> </span> Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)<br /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFE775; color:black;"> </span> Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)<br /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFC140; color:black;"> </span> Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)<br /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FF8F20; color:black;"> </span> Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)<br /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FF6060; color:black;"> </span> Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)<br /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#C0C0C0; color:black;"> </span> Unknown </div> </div> <div style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; max-width: 20em; width: 100%;"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Storm type</b></div> <div style="margin-bottom: 4px;"><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/18px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/27px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/36px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tropical_cyclone" title="Tropical cyclone">Tropical cyclone</a></div> <div style="margin-bottom: 4px;"><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="square" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Solid_black.svg/18px-Solid_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Solid_black.svg/27px-Solid_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Solid_black.svg/36px-Solid_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Subtropical_cyclone" title="Subtropical cyclone">Subtropical cyclone</a></div> <div><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="triangle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/ArrowUp.svg/18px-ArrowUp.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/ArrowUp.svg/27px-ArrowUp.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/ArrowUp.svg/36px-ArrowUp.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Extratropical_cyclone" title="Extratropical cyclone">Extratropical cyclone</a>, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression</div> </div></div></div></figcaption></figure> <p>The origin of Hurricane Alicia can be traced to a <a href="/wiki/Weather_front" title="Weather front">frontal boundary</a> that extended from <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HurricaneAliciaReportNHC_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HurricaneAliciaReportNHC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This weak front was initially stationary over the <a href="/wiki/Southeastern_United_States" title="Southeastern United States">Southeastern United States</a> but moved slowly southward into the north-central and northeastern fringes of the gulf, producing strong <a href="/wiki/Convection_(meteorology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Convection (meteorology)">convective activity</a> beginning on the night of August 13, 1983.<sup id="cite_ref-pr1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pr1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On August 14, a small <a href="/wiki/Low-pressure_area" title="Low-pressure area">area of low pressure</a> developed on the western end of the front and moved off the coasts of <a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a>, intensifying as it progressed further into the open gulf waters.<sup id="cite_ref-pr1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pr1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HurricaneAliciaReportNHC_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HurricaneAliciaReportNHC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The thunderstorms associated with the small low-pressure area—described as a <a href="/wiki/Mesoscale_convective_complex" title="Mesoscale convective complex">mesoscale convective complex</a>—aided in the development of additional storms in the northern Gulf of Mexico by facilitating favorable conditions for convective initiation. By the evening of August 14, the disturbance had largely separated from the parent frontal trough and continued to organize around a surface-level circulation.<sup id="cite_ref-pr1_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pr1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a> <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Hunters" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurricane Hunters">reconnaissance aircraft</a> investigated the precursor system and determined that it had developed into a <a href="/wiki/Tropical_depression" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropical depression">tropical depression</a> at 12:00 <a href="/wiki/UTC" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC">UTC</a> (7:00 a.m. <a href="/wiki/Central_Time_Zone" title="Central Time Zone">CDT</a>) on August 15 while 160 mi (260 km) south of <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans,_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="New Orleans, Louisiana">New Orleans, Louisiana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pub08151930_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pub08151930-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HURDAT_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HURDAT-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within six hours of developing, the disturbance intensified further into a <a href="/wiki/Tropical_storm" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropical storm">tropical storm</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-HURDAT_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HURDAT-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> attaining the name <i>Alicia</i> and becoming the hurricane season's first <a href="/wiki/Named_storm" class="mw-redirect" title="Named storm">named storm</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pr2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pr2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to Alicia's formation in a region with <a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_pressure" title="Atmospheric pressure">high environmental pressures</a>, the storm remained relatively small throughout its lifetime. The presence of a <a href="/wiki/Ridge_(meteorology)" title="Ridge (meteorology)">ridge of high pressure</a> to Alicia's north steered the nascent tropical cyclone slowly westward in the early part of its development. The ridge eventually drifted eastward, resulting in Alicia slowly curving towards the northwest beginning mid-day on August 16.<sup id="cite_ref-HurricaneAliciaReportNHC_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HurricaneAliciaReportNHC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The storm's slow movement—averaging just 5 mph (8 km/h)—and lack of strong steering currents allowed Alicia to reap highly favorable conditions characterized by warm <a href="/wiki/Sea_surface_temperature" title="Sea surface temperature">sea surface temperatures</a> in excess of 84 °F (29 °C) and favorable winds in the upper troposphere due to an <a href="/wiki/Outflow_(meteorology)" title="Outflow (meteorology)">upper-level anticyclone</a>, resulting in unabated intensification until <a href="/wiki/Landfall" title="Landfall">landfall</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pr2_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pr2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HurricaneAliciaReportNHC_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HurricaneAliciaReportNHC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Radar analyses indicated that Alicia was stationary at times as it transitioned to a northwesterly heading.<sup id="cite_ref-pr2_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pr2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An <a href="/wiki/Eye_(cyclone)" title="Eye (cyclone)">eye</a> began to emerge on satellite imagery by the afternoon of August 16.<sup id="cite_ref-kgwc08162330z_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kgwc08162330z-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On August 17, Alicia strengthened into a hurricane with its pressure falling at a steady 1 <a href="/wiki/Bar_(unit)" title="Bar (unit)">mbar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pascal_(unit)" title="Pascal (unit)">hPa</a>; 0.03 <a href="/wiki/Inches_of_mercury" class="mw-redirect" title="Inches of mercury">inHg</a>) per hour.<sup id="cite_ref-HurricaneAliciaReportNHC_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HurricaneAliciaReportNHC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HURDAT_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HURDAT-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At 06:00 UTC (1:00 a.m. CDT) on August 18, Alicia became a major hurricane and made landfall an hour later on <a href="/wiki/Galveston_Island" title="Galveston Island">Galveston Island</a>—25 mi (40 km) southwest of <a href="/wiki/Galveston,_Texas" title="Galveston, Texas">Galveston, Texas</a>—with <a href="/wiki/Maximum_sustained_wind" title="Maximum sustained wind">maximum sustained winds</a> of 115 mph (185 km/h) and a minimum <a href="/wiki/Barometric_pressure" class="mw-redirect" title="Barometric pressure">barometric pressure</a> of 962 mbar (hPa; 28.41 inHg) as measured by aircraft reconnaissance,<sup id="cite_ref-HURDAT_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HURDAT-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pr2_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pr2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> making it a low-end <a href="/wiki/List_of_Category_3_Atlantic_hurricanes" title="List of Category 3 Atlantic hurricanes">Category 3</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Saffir%E2%80%93Simpson_hurricane_wind_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale">Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HURDAT_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HURDAT-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alicia was the first hurricane to strike the continental United States since <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Allen" title="Hurricane Allen">Hurricane Allen</a> moved ashore <a href="/wiki/South_Texas" title="South Texas">South Texas</a> in August <a href="/wiki/1980_Atlantic_hurricane_season" title="1980 Atlantic hurricane season">1980</a>, ending the longest break in contiguous U.S. hurricane landfalls of the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-HurricaneAliciaReportNHC_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HurricaneAliciaReportNHC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-USHurricaneLandfalls_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USHurricaneLandfalls-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The hurricane was also the first major hurricane to impact the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Houston" title="Greater Houston">Greater Houston</a> area since <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Carla" title="Hurricane Carla">Hurricane Carla</a> in <a href="/wiki/1961_Atlantic_hurricane_season" title="1961 Atlantic hurricane season">1961</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pr4_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pr4-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hurricane_Alicia_1983.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Hurricane_Alicia_1983.jpg/220px-Hurricane_Alicia_1983.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Hurricane_Alicia_1983.jpg/330px-Hurricane_Alicia_1983.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Hurricane_Alicia_1983.jpg/440px-Hurricane_Alicia_1983.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>Alicia at peak intensity just after landfall on the morning of August 18</figcaption></figure> <p>Alicia weakened as it accelerated northwest into the Texas interior, with the hurricane's center passing just west of <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Houston" title="Downtown Houston">Downtown Houston</a> on the morning of August 18 as a Category 1 hurricane;<sup id="cite_ref-HURDAT_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HURDAT-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the storm was initially slow to weaken as it was able to rein in moist air from the warm Gulf of Mexico.<sup id="cite_ref-pr2_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pr2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later that day, the continued inhibitory impacts of friction and dry air weakened Alicia to a tropical storm near <a href="/wiki/College_Station,_Texas" title="College Station, Texas">College Station, Texas</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-pr3_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pr3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and degenerated into a tropical depression early on August 19 near the <a href="/wiki/Dallas%E2%80%93Fort_Worth_metroplex" title="Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex">Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HURDAT_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HURDAT-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite having remained over land for 36 hours, Alicia remained well-organized while tracking into <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a> on August 20.<sup id="cite_ref-DopplerAliciaOklahoma_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DopplerAliciaOklahoma-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tapering system transitioned into an <a href="/wiki/Extratropical_cyclone" title="Extratropical cyclone">extratropical cyclone</a> later that day; these remnants persisted for another day before they were absorbed by a passing <a href="/wiki/Trough_(meteorology)" title="Trough (meteorology)">trough</a> over eastern <a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a> on August 21.<sup id="cite_ref-HurricaneAliciaReportNHC_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HurricaneAliciaReportNHC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HURDAT_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HURDAT-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Preparations">Preparations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hurricane_Alicia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Preparations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Tropical_cyclone_watches_and_warnings" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropical cyclone watches and warnings">Tropical cyclone watches and warnings</a></div> <p>Hurricane Alicia marked the first time the <a href="/wiki/National_Weather_Service" title="National Weather Service">National Weather Service</a> provided local interests with landfall probabilities, beginning 60 hours before Alicia's eventual landfall.<sup id="cite_ref-HurricaneAliciaReportNHC_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HurricaneAliciaReportNHC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new information was generally well received by local officials, though a slight uptick in landfall probabilities for the <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a> area was interpreted by a local radio station to have denoted a change in Alicia's course, resulting in the unnecessary transition of two local hospitals to emergency operations.<sup id="cite_ref-pr8_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pr8-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first gale warnings and <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_watch" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurricane watch">hurricane watches</a> were issued for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Gulf_Coast" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Gulf Coast">United States Gulf Coast</a> between <a href="/wiki/Corpus_Christi,_Texas" title="Corpus Christi, Texas">Corpus Christi, Texas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grand_Isle,_Louisiana" title="Grand Isle, Louisiana">Grand Isle, Louisiana</a> at 16:00 UTC (11:00 a.m. CDT) on August 16. Coastal areas from Corpus Christi, Texas, to <a href="/wiki/Morgan_City,_Louisiana" title="Morgan City, Louisiana">Morgan City, Louisiana</a> were issued <a href="/wiki/Tropical_cyclone_warnings_and_watches" title="Tropical cyclone warnings and watches">hurricane warnings</a> shortly after Alicia intensified into a hurricane on August 17; these warnings remained until the storm weakened into a tropical storm over East Texas.<sup id="cite_ref-HurricaneAliciaReportNHC_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HurricaneAliciaReportNHC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/National_Weather_Service" title="National Weather Service">National Weather Service</a> office in Galveston suspended operations after water began to flood the office at the height of the storm.<sup id="cite_ref-pr5_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pr5-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between 60 and 80 thousand people were evacuated from <a href="/wiki/Brazoria_County,_Texas" title="Brazoria County, Texas">Brazoria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chambers_County,_Texas" title="Chambers County, Texas">Chambers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galveston_County,_Texas" title="Galveston County, Texas">Galveston</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Harris_County,_Texas" title="Harris County, Texas">Harris</a> counties in advance of Alicia, as well as 1,500 persons from <a href="/wiki/Sabine_Pass" title="Sabine Pass">Sabine Pass</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pr6_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pr6-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Twenty thousand people sought refuge at shelters within Houston.<sup id="cite_ref-sd43_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sd43-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another 6,000 evacuated from <a href="/wiki/Cameron_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Cameron Parish, Louisiana">Cameron Parish, Louisiana</a>. Offshore oil operations were postponed in preparation for Alicia with the evacuation of 1,360 workers, most of whom were from <a href="/wiki/Shell_Oil_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Shell Oil Company">Shell</a> platforms.<sup id="cite_ref-pr6_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pr6-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initially, however, residents did not take the warnings seriously. Galveston Mayor E. Gus Manuel, against the advice of Texas Governor <a href="/wiki/Mark_White_(Texas_politician)" title="Mark White (Texas politician)">Mark White</a>, ordered the evacuation of only low-lying areas.<sup id="cite_ref-Time_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Time-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, only 10 percent of the population living behind the seawall chose to leave when Alicia came ashore. In contrast, about 30 percent of Galveston's population evacuated the island when <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Allen" title="Hurricane Allen">Hurricane Allen</a> threatened the eastern Texas coastline in 1980.<sup id="cite_ref-USA_Today_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USA_Today-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Throughout the day, however, as the increasing winds began to cause damage in Galveston, people grew more concerned. The mayor finally ordered a widespread evacuation of the island after midnight on August 18, but by then, the bridges to the mainland were uncrossable.<sup id="cite_ref-Time_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Time-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Impact">Impact</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hurricane_Alicia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Impact"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alicia_1983_rainfall.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Alicia_1983_rainfall.gif/220px-Alicia_1983_rainfall.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Alicia_1983_rainfall.gif/330px-Alicia_1983_rainfall.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Alicia_1983_rainfall.gif/440px-Alicia_1983_rainfall.gif 2x" data-file-width="668" data-file-height="872" /></a><figcaption>Rainfall swaths from Hurricane Alicia's trek into the Central US Plains and Midwest</figcaption></figure> <p>Hurricane Alicia caused US$3 billion in damage, making it the costliest tropical cyclone in U.S. history at the time;<sup id="cite_ref-Costliest_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Costliest-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> insured losses were estimated at US$700 million by the <a href="/wiki/American_Insurance_Association" title="American Insurance Association">American Insurance Association</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HurricaneAliciaReportNHC_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HurricaneAliciaReportNHC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were 7,288 injuries, including 21 fatalities and 25 hospitalizations.<sup id="cite_ref-HurricaneAliciaReportNHC_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HurricaneAliciaReportNHC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite being a relatively small and low-end Category 3 hurricane, the impacts of Alicia were exacerbated in the Houston metropolitan area due to a rapid increase in population, resulting in a rise in potentially susceptible infrastructure that also induced as much as 10 ft (3.0 m) in land subsidence along some stretches of <a href="/wiki/Galveston_Bay" title="Galveston Bay">Galveston Bay</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pr4_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pr4-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pr5_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pr5-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Texas">Texas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hurricane_Alicia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Texas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Houston_and_Galveston_areas">Houston and Galveston areas</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hurricane_Alicia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Houston and Galveston areas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alicia produced a 12 ft (3.7 m) <a href="/wiki/Storm_surge" title="Storm surge">storm tide</a> that crested along the interior coast of <a href="/wiki/Galveston_Bay" title="Galveston Bay">Galveston Bay</a> near <a href="/wiki/Baytown,_Texas" title="Baytown, Texas">Baytown, Texas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HurricaneAliciaReportNHC_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HurricaneAliciaReportNHC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 300-home subdivision near Baytown sustained extensive damage to most dwellings.<sup id="cite_ref-pr5_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pr5-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Seabrook,_Texas" title="Seabrook, Texas">Seabrook, Texas</a> also documented a 12 ft (3.7 m) storm tide, with slightly lower tide heights of 7.5 ft (2.3 m) occurring at the <a href="/wiki/USS_Flagship_Hotel" title="USS Flagship Hotel">Flagship Hotel</a> in Galveston.<sup id="cite_ref-pr4_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pr4-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rough surf eroded as much as 250 ft (76 m) of beach in western parts of Galveston Island.<sup id="cite_ref-PRELOCGLS_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PRELOCGLS-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A recently constructed <a href="/wiki/Levee" title="Levee">levee</a> system protecting <a href="/wiki/Texas_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas City">Texas City</a> mitigated potential storm surge damage to the city's extensive industrial infrastructure.<sup id="cite_ref-pr4_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pr4-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, an oil spill resulting from a ruptured tank near Galveston Bay swept through areas near the <a href="/wiki/Texas_City_Dike" title="Texas City Dike">Texas City Dike</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pr5_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pr5-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A tug capsized 50 mi (80 km) south of Sabine Pass, resulting in one death and the eventual rescue of four crewmembers five days later.<sup id="cite_ref-pr6_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pr6-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another two deaths resulted from the sinking of two shrimp boats in the <a href="/wiki/Clear_Lake,_Texas" title="Clear Lake, Texas">Clear Lake, Texas</a> area.<sup id="cite_ref-sd43_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sd43-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In total, about 400 shrimp boats sustained some form of damage or sunk, resulting in $7 million in losses. Major damage was wrought to 80 other large vessels.<sup id="cite_ref-sd44_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sd44-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 60–70 mi (97–113 km) stretch of the Texas coast experienced <a href="/wiki/Beaufort_scale" title="Beaufort scale">hurricane-force</a> winds. The strongest gust was reported in Galveston where a 102 mph (164 km/h) gust was recorded near landfall, though stronger gusts likely occurred over more sparsely populated coastal areas;<sup id="cite_ref-HurricaneAliciaReportNHC_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HurricaneAliciaReportNHC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> no surface observations were documented along southwestern Galveston Island where Alicia made landfall.<sup id="cite_ref-pr3_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pr3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Analysis of structural damage suggested that gusts as high as 130 mph (210 km/h) were produced by Alicia over land.<sup id="cite_ref-sd43_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sd43-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nearly every structure in <a href="/wiki/Galveston_County,_Texas" title="Galveston County, Texas">Galveston County, Texas</a> sustained varying degrees of damage from torn roofing to total destruction with the most severe damage occurring in western parts of the county. Telecommunications and power on Galveston Island were downed for several days. The walls of some hotels collapsed and numerous windows facing the wind were blown out.<sup id="cite_ref-pr5_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pr5-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Storm surge damaged most buildings in <a href="/wiki/Jamaica_Beach,_Texas" title="Jamaica Beach, Texas">Jamaica Beach, Texas</a>, with 50 homes sustaining major damage. Heavy rains nearing 8 in (200 mm) totals on the island caused street flooding and destroyed a mobile home community. Significant wind damage occurred on the inland portions of Galveston County, including damage to schools, apartment complexes, and mobile homes. In <a href="/wiki/League_City,_Texas" title="League City, Texas">League City, Texas</a>, damage was estimated at $100 million, largely stemming from roof damage.<sup id="cite_ref-sd43_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sd43-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Seven people were killed in <a href="/wiki/Harris_County,_Texas" title="Harris County, Texas">Harris County, Texas</a> as a result of fallen trees, drownings, or automobile crashes. Another 1,530 people were injured.<sup id="cite_ref-sd43_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sd43-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At Houston's <a href="/wiki/William_P._Hobby_Airport" title="William P. Hobby Airport">William P. Hobby Airport</a>, sustained winds peaked at 81 mph (130 km/h) with gusts to 99 mph (159 km/h).<sup id="cite_ref-HurricaneAliciaReportNHC_1-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HurricaneAliciaReportNHC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The airport sustained $1.5 million in damage, including damage to several small aircraft, hangars, metal structures, and airport windows.<sup id="cite_ref-sd43_14-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sd43-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tropical storm-force winds of 51 mph (82 km/h) gusting to 78 mph (126 km/h) at the <a href="/wiki/George_Bush_Intercontinental_Airport" title="George Bush Intercontinental Airport">Houston Intercontinental Airport</a>; there, two terminal roofs experienced minor damage and one airplane broke from its ties. Fifty cars on site suffered shattered windows.<sup id="cite_ref-sd43_14-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sd43-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Skyscrapers in <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Houston" title="Downtown Houston">Downtown Houston</a> suffered extensive damage from wind-blown debris accelerated by the narrow spaces between buildings.<sup id="cite_ref-pr6_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pr6-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lower 40 floors of most skyscrapers were shattered by wind-blown gravel. Similar debris or water blocked over 20 major roads; flooding caused by the widespread 5–8 in (130–200 mm) rainfall was most severe in Baytown, Clear Lake, and <a href="/wiki/Pasadena,_Texas" title="Pasadena, Texas">Pasadena</a> in the eastern part of Harris County, necessitating the rescue of roughly 300 people. Thirty of these rescues arose from a single subdivision in Baytown where inundation reached a depth of 10 ft (3,000 mm). In these communities, hundreds of homes were flooded. Ninety percent of homes were damaged in <a href="/wiki/Crystal_Beach,_Texas" title="Crystal Beach, Texas">Crystal Beach, Texas</a>, of which half were destroyed. Alicia also caused $4.5 million in cotton losses and $6 million in pecan crop losses in Harris County. Total damage to public property in the county was estimated at $46 million. <a href="/wiki/Johnson_Space_Center" title="Johnson Space Center">Johnson Space Center</a> escaped significant damage, though 200 nearby trees were toppled by the strong winds and a few facility doors and windows were damaged.<sup id="cite_ref-sd43_14-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sd43-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Elsewhere_in_Texas">Elsewhere in Texas</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hurricane_Alicia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Elsewhere in Texas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Da%C3%B1os_de_Alicia_83.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Da%C3%B1os_de_Alicia_83.jpg/220px-Da%C3%B1os_de_Alicia_83.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="315" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Da%C3%B1os_de_Alicia_83.jpg/330px-Da%C3%B1os_de_Alicia_83.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/Da%C3%B1os_de_Alicia_83.jpg 2x" data-file-width="371" data-file-height="532" /></a><figcaption>Possibly tornado- or <a href="/wiki/Microburst" class="mw-redirect" title="Microburst">microburst</a>-induced damage between <a href="/wiki/Hitchcock,_Texas" title="Hitchcock, Texas">Hitchcock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bacliff,_Texas" title="Bacliff, Texas">Bacliff</a> photographed from a <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a> helicopter</figcaption></figure> <p>Relatively less severe damage along the Texas coast between <a href="/wiki/High_Island,_Texas" title="High Island, Texas">High Island, Texas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sabine_Pass,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabine Pass, Texas">Sabine Pass, Texas</a> where structures generally sustained roof and window damage but most remained intact. Coastal roads were flooded by storm surge and numerous power lines were downed.<sup id="cite_ref-pr6_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pr6-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Chambers_County,_Texas" title="Chambers County, Texas">Chambers County, Texas</a>, Alicia caused $24 million in damage and the loss of 30–50 percent of the county's rice and soybean crops. More than 200 homes were flooded, forcing residents into shelters. Damage was significant on the southern end of <a href="/wiki/Bay_City,_Texas" title="Bay City, Texas">Bay City, Texas</a>, where several homes were destroyed.<sup id="cite_ref-sd43_14-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sd43-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Heavy rains from Alicia caused localized flooding in Southeastern Texas under a wide swath of ≥5 in (130 mm) rainfall. The highest rainfall totals were largely east of the hurricane's center with a secondary maximum farther east along the Texas–<a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a> border near <a href="/wiki/Orange,_Texas" title="Orange, Texas">Orange, Texas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pr4_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pr4-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The highest measured rainfall total occurred at Greens Bayou, where 9.95 in (253 mm) of rain fell.<sup id="cite_ref-HurricaneAliciaReportNHC_1-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HurricaneAliciaReportNHC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Pine_Island_Bayou" title="Pine Island Bayou">Pine Island Bayou</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hardin_County,_Texas" title="Hardin County, Texas">Hardin County, Texas</a> overflowed its banks and adjacent areas remained inundated for a week after 3–5 in (76–127 mm) of rain fell across the county. Floodwaters blocked roads in <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_County,_Texas" title="Jefferson County, Texas">Jefferson County</a> where <a href="/wiki/Cow_Bayou" title="Cow Bayou">Cow Bayou</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Neches_River" title="Neches River">Neches River</a> overflowed their banks. Widespread power outages also impacted the county, affecting over 10,000 homes in the <a href="/wiki/Port_Arthur,_Texas" title="Port Arthur, Texas">Port Arthur</a> and Sabine Pass areas. Similar effects were felt in nearby <a href="/wiki/Liberty_County,_Texas" title="Liberty County, Texas">Liberty County</a> where crop damage from the heavy rains and winds amounted to near $10 million <sup id="cite_ref-sd44_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sd44-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In eastern <a href="/wiki/Brazoria_County,_Texas" title="Brazoria County, Texas">Brazoria County, Texas</a>, strong winds caused widespread damage to roofs, mobile homes, and automobiles. Damage was also wrought to several aircraft at the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Gulf_Coast_Regional_Airport" title="Texas Gulf Coast Regional Airport">Texas Gulf Coast Regional Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Freeport,_Texas" title="Freeport, Texas">Freeport, Texas</a>; damage in the city totaled $1 million. Sixty-five percent of structures were damaged in <a href="/wiki/Danbury,_Texas" title="Danbury, Texas">Danbury, Texas</a>. Extensive power outages affected <a href="/wiki/Fort_Bend_County,_Texas" title="Fort Bend County, Texas">Fort Bend County, Texas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sd43_14-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sd43-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Damage in <a href="/wiki/Matagorda_County,_Texas" title="Matagorda County, Texas">Matagorda</a> was mostly caused by tidal flooding and winds; 4,500 residents evacuated after the storm surge flooded low-lying areas, forcing the closure of two drawbridges crossing the <a href="/wiki/Intracoastal_Waterway" title="Intracoastal Waterway">Intracoastal Waterway</a> connecting the mainland to the <a href="/wiki/Matagorda_Peninsula" title="Matagorda Peninsula">Matagorda Peninsula</a>. Wind-induced rice crop damage was estimated at $3.5 million. Elsewhere in East Texas, Alicia's strong winds and heavy rains blocked power and water supplies in several cities. Two people were killed in <a href="/wiki/Montgomery_County,_Texas" title="Montgomery County, Texas">Montgomery County</a> due to fallen trees.<sup id="cite_ref-sd44_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sd44-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The hurricane also produced 22 tornadoes across Texas,<sup id="cite_ref-sd42_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sd42-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> associated primarily with a single strong outer <a href="/wiki/Rainband" title="Rainband">rainband</a> northeast of Alicia's center;<sup id="cite_ref-METEOROLOGY_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-METEOROLOGY-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the majority were brief and weak <a href="/wiki/Fujita_scale" title="Fujita scale">F0</a> tornadoes that caused negligible damage.<sup id="cite_ref-sd42_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sd42-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sd44_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sd44-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sd45_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sd45-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One F1 tornado in Harris County damage two businesses near the intersection of <a href="/wiki/Interstate_45" title="Interstate 45">Interstate 45</a> and <a href="/wiki/Texas_State_Highway_NASA_Road_1" title="Texas State Highway NASA Road 1">Texas State Highway NASA Road 1</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sd44_19-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sd44-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The strongest tornado was an F2 tornado in <a href="/wiki/Corsicana,_Texas" title="Corsicana, Texas">Corsicana</a> that was responsible for a significant proportion of the damage toll in <a href="/wiki/North_Texas" title="North Texas">North Texas</a>. The tornado touched down in the morning of August 18 in the western extents of Corsicana and lasted for five minutes on a 3 mi (4.8 km) track, damaging several buildings including homes, a church, and a horse arena.<sup id="cite_ref-sd42_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sd42-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to the F2 tornado, the weakening Alicia produced strong winds in North Texas. In <a href="/wiki/Panola_County,_Texas" title="Panola County, Texas">Panola County</a>, these winds destroyed outbuildings and downed powerlines and trees in addition to damaging roofs. The weakening storm brought strong thunderstorms over the Dallas–Fort Worth area, bringing gusts estimated between 80–100 mph (130–160 km/h) and causing structural damage throughout the metropolitan area. Some condominiums under construction were destroyed by the winds and trees and powerlines were downed in <a href="/wiki/Keller,_Texas" title="Keller, Texas">Keller, Texas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grapevine,_Texas" title="Grapevine, Texas">Grapevine, Texas</a>. A freeway sign was dislodged and fell upon two 18-wheeler trucks in Dallas, killing the driver of one truck and seriously injuring the driver of the other truck. Creeks swelled following heavy rains, with a local maximum of 7.48 in (190 mm) near <a href="/wiki/Mexia,_Texas" title="Mexia, Texas">Mexia, Texas</a>. A ten-year-old boy died after they were swept away by a rapidly flowing current.<sup id="cite_ref-sd42_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sd42-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elsewhere">Elsewhere</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hurricane_Alicia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Elsewhere"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Negligible impacts were felt in Louisiana from Alicia's storm surge.<sup id="cite_ref-pr6_13-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pr6-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Near <a href="/wiki/El_Reno,_Oklahoma" title="El Reno, Oklahoma">El Reno, Oklahoma</a>, 4–7 in (100–180 mm) of rain fell within a 5-hour period, resulting in significant flooding west of the town. Similar rainfall rates flooded several buildings at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oklahoma" title="University of Oklahoma">University of Oklahoma</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sd37_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sd37-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hurricane_Alicia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Red Cross provided food and shelter to 63,000 people in the hurricane's wake, costing about $166 million (1983 USD; $508 million 2024 USD).<sup id="cite_ref-HurricaneAliciaReportNHC_1-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HurricaneAliciaReportNHC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Texas_Hurricanes_of_the_80's_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Texas_Hurricanes_of_the_80's-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> FEMA gave out $32 million (1983 USD; $97.9 million 2024 USD) to Alicia's victims and local governments; $23 million (1983 USD; $70.4 million 2024 USD) of that was for picking up debris spread after the storm.<sup id="cite_ref-Gov_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gov-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More than 16,000 people sought help from FEMA's disaster service centers. The <a href="/wiki/Small_Business_Administration" title="Small Business Administration">Small Business Administration</a>, aided with 56 volunteers, interviewed over 16,000 victims, and it was predicted that about 7,000 loan applications would be submitted. The Federal Insurance Agency had closed over 1,318 <a href="/wiki/Flood_insurance" title="Flood insurance">flood insurance</a> cases from Alicia's aftermath, however only 782 received final payment.<sup id="cite_ref-Gov_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gov-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On September 23 and September 24, 1983, in the wake of Alicia, two subcommittees of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> held hearings in Houston. The hearing on September 23 were to examine the primary issues of the NWS during Alicia, the effectiveness of the NWS in current procedures, and the use of the NWS. The second hearing, which occurred on September 24, was to discuss the damage and recovery efforts during Alicia.<sup id="cite_ref-Gov_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gov-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the September 23 hearing, witnesses agreed that the NWS did well before and during the emergency caused by Alicia. NWS forecasters also testified in which they said they gratified themselves that their predictions were well "on target" and that the local emergency plans had worked so well, which saved many lives. Mayor Gus Manuel on Galveston claimed that the NWS did an excellent job during Alicia. He was also very impressed about their landfall predictions on August 17.<sup id="cite_ref-Gov_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gov-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the September 24 hearing, evidence was presented which demonstrated the need for improving readiness to cope with disasters, such as Alicia. Mayor Manuel mentioned that his town needed stronger building codes, which were under review.<sup id="cite_ref-Gov_25-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gov-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to the severe damage caused by the hurricane, the name "Alicia" was <a href="/wiki/List_of_retired_Atlantic_hurricane_names" title="List of retired Atlantic hurricane names">retired</a> in the spring of 1984 by the <a href="/wiki/World_Meteorological_Organization" title="World Meteorological Organization">World Meteorological Organization</a>, and will never be used again for another Atlantic tropical system.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was replaced with "Allison" for the <a href="/wiki/1989_Atlantic_hurricane_season" title="1989 Atlantic hurricane season">1989 season</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hurricane_Alicia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/48px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/64px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Texas" title="Portal:Texas">Texas portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Cyclone_Catarina_from_the_ISS_on_March_26_2004.JPG/32px-Cyclone_Catarina_from_the_ISS_on_March_26_2004.JPG" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Cyclone_Catarina_from_the_ISS_on_March_26_2004.JPG/48px-Cyclone_Catarina_from_the_ISS_on_March_26_2004.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Cyclone_Catarina_from_the_ISS_on_March_26_2004.JPG/64px-Cyclone_Catarina_from_the_ISS_on_March_26_2004.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3032" data-file-height="2004" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Tropical_cyclones" title="Portal:Tropical cyclones">Tropical cyclones portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Texas_hurricanes" title="List of Texas hurricanes">List of Texas hurricanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_retired_Atlantic_hurricane_names" title="List of retired Atlantic hurricane names">List of retired Atlantic hurricane names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_1983_Atlantic_hurricane_season" title="Timeline of the 1983 Atlantic hurricane season">Timeline of the 1983 Atlantic hurricane season</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Carla" title="Hurricane Carla">Hurricane Carla</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Celia" title="Hurricane Celia">Hurricane Celia</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Ike" title="Hurricane Ike">Hurricane Ike</a> (2008)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hurricane_Alicia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Sources</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNational_Climatic_Data_Center1983" class="citation journal cs1">National Climatic Data Center (August 1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190407155011/https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-6F09F790-8401-410E-B06B-3A9B48BC48A1.pdf">"August 1983"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Storm Data</i>. <b>25</b> (8). Asheville, North Carolina: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-6F09F790-8401-410E-B06B-3A9B48BC48A1.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on April 7, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 5,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Storm+Data&rft.atitle=August+1983&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=8&rft.date=1983-08&rft.au=National+Climatic+Data+Center&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww1.ncdc.noaa.gov%2Fpub%2Forders%2FIPS%2FIPS-6F09F790-8401-410E-B06B-3A9B48BC48A1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHurricane+Alicia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Weather_Service_Hurricane_Warning_Office_Slidell,_Louisiana1983" class="citation report cs1">National Weather Service Hurricane Warning Office Slidell, Louisiana (September 9, 1983). Hurricane Alicia Post Storm Report (Report). Slidell, Louisiana: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Hurricane+Alicia+Post+Storm+Report&rft.place=Slidell%2C+Louisiana&rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&rft.date=1983-09-09&rft.au=National+Weather+Service+Hurricane+Warning+Office+Slidell%2C+Louisiana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHurricane+Alicia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSavageBakerGoldenKareem1984" class="citation book cs1">Savage, Rudolph P.; Baker, Jay; Golden, Joseph H.; Kareem, Ahsan; Manning, Billy R. (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weather.gov/media/hgx/hurricanes/Committee_On_Natural_Disasters_Alicia.pdf"><i>Hurricane Alicia, Galveston and Houston, Texas, August 17–18, 1983</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17226%2F19411">10.17226/19411</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-309-32512-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-309-32512-7"><bdi>978-0-309-32512-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 7,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hurricane+Alicia%2C+Galveston+and+Houston%2C+Texas%2C+August+17%E2%80%9318%2C+1983&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=The+National+Academies+Press&rft.date=1984&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17226%2F19411&rft.isbn=978-0-309-32512-7&rft.aulast=Savage&rft.aufirst=Rudolph+P.&rft.au=Baker%2C+Jay&rft.au=Golden%2C+Joseph+H.&rft.au=Kareem%2C+Ahsan&rft.au=Manning%2C+Billy+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weather.gov%2Fmedia%2Fhgx%2Fhurricanes%2FCommittee_On_Natural_Disasters_Alicia.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHurricane+Alicia" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|website=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li></ul> </div> <dl><dt>Citations</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-HurricaneAliciaReportNHC-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HurricaneAliciaReportNHC_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HurricaneAliciaReportNHC_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HurricaneAliciaReportNHC_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HurricaneAliciaReportNHC_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HurricaneAliciaReportNHC_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HurricaneAliciaReportNHC_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HurricaneAliciaReportNHC_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HurricaneAliciaReportNHC_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HurricaneAliciaReportNHC_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HurricaneAliciaReportNHC_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HurricaneAliciaReportNHC_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HurricaneAliciaReportNHC_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HurricaneAliciaReportNHC_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HurricaneAliciaReportNHC_1-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HurricaneAliciaReportNHC_1-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HurricaneAliciaReportNHC_1-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Hurricane_Center" class="citation web cs1">National Hurricane Center. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1983-prelim/alicia/prelim01.gif">"Hurricane Alicia"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(GIF)</span> (Preliminary Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180915111259/https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1983-prelim/alicia/prelim01.gif">Archived</a> from the original on September 15, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 3,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hurricane+Alicia&rft.place=Miami%2C+Florida&rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&rft.au=National+Hurricane+Center&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhc.noaa.gov%2Farchive%2Fstorm_wallets%2Fatlantic%2Fatl1983-prelim%2Falicia%2Fprelim01.gif&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHurricane+Alicia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pr1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pr1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pr1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pr1_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Hurricane Alicia Post Storm Report", p. 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pub08151930-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pub08151930_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGerrish1983" class="citation web cs1">Gerrish, Hal (August 15, 1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/cdmp/dvd0147-jpg/1983/atlantic/alicia/public/pub08151930z.jpg">"Preliminary Depression Statement"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(GIF)</span>. Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303171045/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/cdmp/dvd0147-jpg/1983/atlantic/alicia/public/pub08151930z.jpg">Archived</a> from the original on March 3, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 4,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Preliminary+Depression+Statement&rft.place=Miami%2C+Florida&rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&rft.date=1983-08-15&rft.aulast=Gerrish&rft.aufirst=Hal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhc.noaa.gov%2Farchive%2Fstorm_wallets%2Fcdmp%2Fdvd0147-jpg%2F1983%2Fatlantic%2Falicia%2Fpublic%2Fpub08151930z.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHurricane+Alicia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HURDAT-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HURDAT_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HURDAT_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HURDAT_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HURDAT_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HURDAT_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HURDAT_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HURDAT_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HURDAT_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/hurdat/hurdat2-1851-2022-050423.txt">"Atlantic hurricane best track (HURDAT version 2)"</a> (Database). United States <a href="/wiki/National_Hurricane_Center" title="National Hurricane Center">National Hurricane Center</a>. April 5, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 22,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Atlantic+hurricane+best+track+%28HURDAT+version+2%29&rft.pub=United+States+National+Hurricane+Center&rft.date=2023-04-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhc.noaa.gov%2Fdata%2Fhurdat%2Fhurdat2-1851-2022-050423.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHurricane+Alicia" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pr2-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pr2_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pr2_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pr2_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pr2_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pr2_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Hurricane Alicia Post Storm Report", p. 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kgwc08162330z-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kgwc08162330z_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJimenez2019" class="citation web cs1">Jimenez, Michael A. (August 16, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/cdmp/dvd0147-jpg/1983/atlantic/alicia/satcws/kgwc08162330z.jpg">"Satellite Fix August 16 2230 UTC"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(GIF)</span>. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190407155013/https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/cdmp/dvd0147-jpg/1983/atlantic/alicia/satcws/kgwc08162330z.jpg">Archived</a> from the original on April 7, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 5,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Satellite+Fix+August+16+2230+UTC&rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&rft.date=2019-08-16&rft.aulast=Jimenez&rft.aufirst=Michael+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhc.noaa.gov%2Farchive%2Fstorm_wallets%2Fcdmp%2Fdvd0147-jpg%2F1983%2Fatlantic%2Falicia%2Fsatcws%2Fkgwc08162330z.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHurricane+Alicia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USHurricaneLandfalls-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-USHurricaneLandfalls_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLandsea2018" class="citation book cs1">Landsea, Chris (July 31, 2018). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 5,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Coping+with+Nature&rft.date=1983-08-29&rft.aulast=Isaacson&rft.aufirst=Walter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C949758%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHurricane+Alicia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USA_Today-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-USA_Today_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090912063641/http://www.usatoday.com/weather/huricane/history/walicia.htm">"Hurricane Alicia, 1983"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Gannett" title="Gannett">Gannett</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 5,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Storm+Development+and+History&rft.place=Washington+D.C.&rft.pub=United+States+Army&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchps.sam.usace.army.mil%2FUSHESdata%2FAssessments%2Falicia%2Fmeteorology.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHurricane+Alicia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sd45-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sd45_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"August 1983", p. 45</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sd37-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sd37_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"August 1983", p. 37</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Texas_Hurricanes_of_the_80's-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Texas_Hurricanes_of_the_80's_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Weather_Office_—_Houston-Galveston2007" class="citation web cs1">National Weather Office — Houston-Galveston (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070328160822/http://www.srh.weather.gov/hgx/hurricanes/1980s.htm">"Upper Texas Coast Tropical Cyclones in the 1980s"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dickinson,_Texas" title="Dickinson, Texas">Dickinson, Texas</a>: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 4,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=National+Hurricane+Operations+Plan&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pages=3%26%2345%3B7&rft.pub=NOAA+Office+of+the+Federal+Coordinator+for+Meteorological+Services+and+Supporting+Research&rft.date=1989-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aoml.noaa.gov%2Fgeneral%2Flib%2Flib1%2Fnhclib%2FPublications%2FNatHurricaneOpsPlans%2FNHOP1989.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHurricane+Alicia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Lb8sAAAAIBAJ&sjid=lxQEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4610,13531&dq=1989+atlantic+hurricane+season+names&hl=en">"4 hurricane predicted for Atlantic in 1989"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Star-News" title="Star-News">Star-News</a></i>. Wilmington, North Carolina. Associated Press. June 1, 1989. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151126000841/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Lb8sAAAAIBAJ&sjid=lxQEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4610,13531&dq=1989+atlantic+hurricane+season+names&hl=en">Archived</a> from the original on November 26, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 5,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Star-News&rft.atitle=4+hurricane+predicted+for+Atlantic+in+1989&rft.date=1989-06-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DLb8sAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3DlxQEAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D4610%2C13531%26dq%3D1989%2Batlantic%2Bhurricane%2Bseason%2Bnames%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHurricane+Alicia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Agnes" title="Hurricane Agnes">Agnes</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_costliest_Atlantic_hurricanes" title="List of costliest Atlantic hurricanes">Costliest Atlantic hurricanes on Record</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1983_Atlantic_hurricane_season" title="1983 Atlantic hurricane season">1983</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Hugo" title="Hurricane Hugo">Hugo</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output 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aria-labelledby="Retired_Atlantic_hurricane_names" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Retired_Atlantic_hurricanes" title="Template:Retired Atlantic hurricanes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Retired_Atlantic_hurricanes" title="Template talk:Retired Atlantic hurricanes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Retired_Atlantic_hurricanes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Retired Atlantic hurricanes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Retired_Atlantic_hurricane_names" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_retired_Atlantic_hurricane_names" title="List of retired Atlantic hurricane names">Retired Atlantic hurricane names</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Carol" title="Hurricane Carol">Carol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Edna" title="Hurricane Edna">Edna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Hazel" title="Hurricane Hazel">Hazel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Connie" title="Hurricane Connie">Connie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Diane" title="Hurricane Diane">Diane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Ione" title="Hurricane Ione">Ione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Janet" title="Hurricane Janet">Janet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Audrey" title="Hurricane Audrey">Audrey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Donna" title="Hurricane Donna">Donna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Carla" title="Hurricane Carla">Carla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Hattie" title="Hurricane Hattie">Hattie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Flora" title="Hurricane Flora">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Cleo" title="Hurricane Cleo">Cleo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Dora_(1964)" title="Hurricane Dora (1964)">Dora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Hilda" title="Hurricane Hilda">Hilda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Betsy" title="Hurricane Betsy">Betsy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Inez" title="Hurricane Inez">Inez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Beulah" title="Hurricane Beulah">Beulah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Camille" title="Hurricane Camille">Camille</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Celia" title="Hurricane Celia">Celia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Agnes" title="Hurricane Agnes">Agnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Carmen" title="Hurricane Carmen">Carmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Fifi%E2%80%93Orlene" title="Hurricane Fifi–Orlene">Fifi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Eloise" title="Hurricane Eloise">Eloise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Anita" title="Hurricane Anita">Anita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Greta%E2%80%93Olivia" title="Hurricane Greta–Olivia">Greta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_David" title="Hurricane David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Frederic" title="Hurricane Frederic">Frederic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Allen" title="Hurricane Allen">Allen</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Elena" title="Hurricane Elena">Elena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Gloria" title="Hurricane Gloria">Gloria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Gilbert" title="Hurricane Gilbert">Gilbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Joan%E2%80%93Miriam" title="Hurricane Joan–Miriam">Joan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Hugo" title="Hurricane Hugo">Hugo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Diana" title="Hurricane Diana">Diana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Klaus_(1990)" title="Hurricane Klaus (1990)">Klaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Bob" title="Hurricane Bob">Bob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Andrew" title="Hurricane Andrew">Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Luis" title="Hurricane Luis">Luis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Marilyn" title="Hurricane Marilyn">Marilyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Opal" title="Hurricane Opal">Opal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Roxanne" title="Hurricane Roxanne">Roxanne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Cesar%E2%80%93Douglas" title="Hurricane Cesar–Douglas">Cesar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Fran" title="Hurricane Fran">Fran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Hortense" title="Hurricane Hortense">Hortense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Georges" title="Hurricane Georges">Georges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Mitch" title="Hurricane Mitch">Mitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Floyd" title="Hurricane Floyd">Floyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Lenny" title="Hurricane Lenny">Lenny</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Keith" title="Hurricane Keith">Keith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_Storm_Allison" title="Tropical Storm Allison">Allison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Iris" title="Hurricane Iris">Iris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Michelle" title="Hurricane Michelle">Michelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Isidore" title="Hurricane Isidore">Isidore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Lili" title="Hurricane Lili">Lili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Fabian" title="Hurricane Fabian">Fabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Isabel" title="Hurricane Isabel">Isabel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Juan" title="Hurricane Juan">Juan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Charley" title="Hurricane Charley">Charley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Frances" title="Hurricane Frances">Frances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Ivan" title="Hurricane Ivan">Ivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Jeanne" title="Hurricane Jeanne">Jeanne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Dennis" title="Hurricane Dennis">Dennis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Katrina" title="Hurricane Katrina">Katrina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Rita" title="Hurricane Rita">Rita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Stan" title="Hurricane Stan">Stan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Wilma" title="Hurricane Wilma">Wilma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Dean" title="Hurricane Dean">Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Felix" title="Hurricane Felix">Felix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Noel" title="Hurricane Noel">Noel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Gustav" title="Hurricane Gustav">Gustav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Ike" title="Hurricane Ike">Ike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Paloma" title="Hurricane Paloma">Paloma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Igor" title="Hurricane Igor">Igor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Tomas" title="Hurricane Tomas">Tomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Irene" title="Hurricane Irene">Irene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Sandy" title="Hurricane Sandy">Sandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Ingrid" title="Hurricane Ingrid">Ingrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_Storm_Erika" title="Tropical Storm Erika">Erika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Joaquin" title="Hurricane Joaquin">Joaquin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Matthew" title="Hurricane Matthew">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Otto" title="Hurricane Otto">Otto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Harvey" title="Hurricane Harvey">Harvey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Irma" title="Hurricane Irma">Irma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Maria" title="Hurricane Maria">Maria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Nate" title="Hurricane Nate">Nate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Florence" title="Hurricane Florence">Florence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Michael" title="Hurricane Michael">Michael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Dorian" title="Hurricane Dorian">Dorian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Laura" title="Hurricane Laura">Laura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Eta" title="Hurricane Eta">Eta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Iota" title="Hurricane Iota">Iota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Ida" title="Hurricane Ida">Ida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Fiona" title="Hurricane Fiona">Fiona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Ian" title="Hurricane Ian">Ian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Tropical_cyclones" title="Portal:Tropical cyclones">Portal</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1138781147">.mw-parser-output .season-bar-button{float:left;min-height:2em;margin:0;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .season-bar-intensity{float:left;width:3em;margin:0.25em 0.25em 0 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .season-bar-name{float:left;min-width:5em;margin:0.25em 0.5em 0 0;text-align:start}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tropical_cyclones_of_the_1983_Atlantic_hurricane_season" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" 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id="Tropical_cyclones_of_the_1983_Atlantic_hurricane_season" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Tropical cyclones of the <a href="/wiki/1983_Atlantic_hurricane_season" title="1983 Atlantic hurricane season">1983 Atlantic hurricane season</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 2px 0 0"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1983_Atlantic_hurricane_season_summary_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/1983_Atlantic_hurricane_season_summary_map.png/100px-1983_Atlantic_hurricane_season_summary_map.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/1983_Atlantic_hurricane_season_summary_map.png/150px-1983_Atlantic_hurricane_season_summary_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/1983_Atlantic_hurricane_season_summary_map.png/200px-1983_Atlantic_hurricane_season_summary_map.png 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2476" /></a></span></div></td><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="season-bar-button"><div title="Depression One" class="season-bar-intensity mw-no-invert" style="background-color: #6EC1EA;"><span>TD</span></div><div title="Depression One" class="season-bar-name"><a href="/wiki/1983_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Tropical_Depression_One" title="1983 Atlantic hurricane season">One</a></div></div> <div class="season-bar-button"><div title="Depression Two" class="season-bar-intensity mw-no-invert" style="background-color: #6EC1EA;"><span>TD</span></div><div title="Depression Two" class="season-bar-name"><a href="/wiki/1983_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Tropical_Depression_Two" title="1983 Atlantic hurricane season">Two</a></div></div> <div class="season-bar-button"><div title="Cat3 Alicia" class="season-bar-intensity mw-no-invert" style="background-color: #FF9E59;"><span>3</span></div><div title="Cat3 Alicia" class="season-bar-name"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alicia</a></div></div> <div class="season-bar-button"><div title="Cat1 Barry" class="season-bar-intensity mw-no-invert" style="background-color: #FFFFD9;"><span>1</span></div><div title="Cat1 Barry" class="season-bar-name"><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Barry_(1983)" title="Hurricane Barry (1983)">Barry</a></div></div> <div class="season-bar-button"><div title="Cat1 Chantal" class="season-bar-intensity mw-no-invert" style="background-color: #FFFFD9;"><span>1</span></div><div title="Cat1 Chantal" class="season-bar-name"><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Chantal_(1983)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurricane Chantal (1983)">Chantal</a></div></div> <div class="season-bar-button"><div title="Depression Six" class="season-bar-intensity mw-no-invert" style="background-color: #6EC1EA;"><span>TD</span></div><div title="Depression Six" class="season-bar-name"><a href="/wiki/1983_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Tropical_Depression_Six" title="1983 Atlantic hurricane season">Six</a></div></div> <div class="season-bar-button"><div title="Storm Dean" class="season-bar-intensity mw-no-invert" style="background-color: #4DFFFF;"><span>TS</span></div><div title="Storm Dean" class="season-bar-name"><a href="/wiki/Tropical_Storm_Dean_(1983)" title="Tropical Storm Dean (1983)">Dean</a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:1983_Atlantic_hurricane_season" title="Category:1983 Atlantic hurricane season">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Category_3_Atlantic_hurricanes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Category_3_Atlantic_hurricanes" title="Template:Category 3 Atlantic hurricanes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Category_3_Atlantic_hurricanes" title="Template talk:Category 3 Atlantic hurricanes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Category_3_Atlantic_hurricanes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Category 3 Atlantic hurricanes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Category_3_Atlantic_hurricanes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Category_3_Atlantic_hurricanes" title="List of Category 3 Atlantic hurricanes">Category 3 Atlantic hurricanes</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1851–1949" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1851–1949</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1850s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1851_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Four" title="1851 Atlantic hurricane season">"San Agapito"</a> (1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1852_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_One" title="1852 Atlantic hurricane season">"Great Mobile"</a> (1852)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1853_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Four" title="1853 Atlantic hurricane season">Four</a> (1853)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1854_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Three" title="1854 Atlantic hurricane season">"Coastal"</a> (1854)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1855_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Five" title="1855 Atlantic hurricane season">"Middle Gulf Shore"</a> (1855)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Five" title="1856 Atlantic hurricane season">"Southeastern States"</a> (1856)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1859_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Six" title="1859 Atlantic hurricane season">Six</a> (1859)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1860s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1867_San_Narciso_hurricane" title="1867 San Narciso hurricane">"San Narciso"</a> (1867)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1869_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Six" title="1869 Atlantic hurricane season">"New England"</a> (1869)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1870s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1870_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Four" title="1870 Atlantic hurricane season">Four</a> (1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1870_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Six" title="1870 Atlantic hurricane season">"San Marcos"</a> (1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1871_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Three" title="1871 Atlantic hurricane season">Three</a> (1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1871_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Four" title="1871 Atlantic hurricane season">"Santa Juana"</a> (1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1873_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Two" title="1873 Atlantic hurricane season">"Nova Scotia"</a> (1873)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1873_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Five" title="1873 Atlantic hurricane season">"Central Florida"</a> (1873)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1875_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Three" title="1875 Atlantic hurricane season">"Indianola"</a> (1875)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1876_San_Felipe_hurricane" title="1876 San Felipe hurricane">"San Felipe"</a> (1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1876_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Five" title="1876 Atlantic hurricane season">"Cuba–South Florida"</a> (1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1877_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Four" title="1877 Atlantic hurricane season">Four</a> (1877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1878_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Ten" title="1878 Atlantic hurricane season">Ten</a> (1878)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1879_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Two" title="1879 Atlantic hurricane season">"Great Beaufort"</a> (1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1879_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Four" title="1879 Atlantic hurricane season">"Louisiana"</a> (1879)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1880s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1882_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Two" title="1882 Atlantic hurricane season">"Pensacola"</a> (1882)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1883_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Two" title="1883 Atlantic hurricane season">Two</a> (1883)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1883_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Three" title="1883 Atlantic hurricane season">"Bahamas–North Carolina"</a> (1883)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1884_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Two" title="1884 Atlantic hurricane season">Two</a> (1884)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1886_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Six" title="1886 Atlantic hurricane season">"Cuba"</a> (1886)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1886_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Seven" title="1886 Atlantic hurricane season">Seven</a> (1886)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1886_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Ten" title="1886 Atlantic hurricane season">"Texas–Louisiana"</a> (1886)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1887_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Six" title="1887 Atlantic hurricane season">Six</a> (1887)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1887_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Seven" title="1887 Atlantic hurricane season">Seven</a> (1887)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1888_Louisiana_hurricane" title="1888 Louisiana hurricane">"Louisiana"</a> (1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1888_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Four" title="1888 Atlantic hurricane season">"San Gil"</a> (1888)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1890s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1890_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Three" title="1890 Atlantic hurricane season">Three</a> (1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1891_Martinique_hurricane" title="1891 Martinique hurricane">"Martinique"</a> (1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1893_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Three" title="1893 Atlantic hurricane season">"San Roque"</a> (1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1893_New_York_hurricane" title="1893 New York hurricane">"New York"</a> (1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1893_Sea_Islands_hurricane" title="1893 Sea Islands hurricane">"Sea Islands"</a> (1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1893_Great_Charleston_hurricane" title="1893 Great Charleston hurricane">"Great Charleston"</a> (1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1894_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Three" title="1894 Atlantic hurricane season">Three</a> (1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1894_Greater_Antilles_hurricane" title="1894 Greater Antilles hurricane">"Greater Antilles"</a> (1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1894_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Five" title="1894 Atlantic hurricane season">"Florida Panhandle"</a> (1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1896_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Two" title="1896 Atlantic hurricane season">"San Ramón"</a> (1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1896_Cedar_Keys_hurricane" title="1896 Cedar Keys hurricane">"Cedar Keys"</a> (1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1896_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Five" title="1896 Atlantic hurricane season">Five</a> (1896)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1900s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1900_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Two" title="1900 Atlantic hurricane season">Two</a> (1900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1903_Jamaica_hurricane" title="1903 Jamaica hurricane">"Jamaica"</a> (1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1905_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Four" title="1905 Atlantic hurricane season">Four</a> (1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1906_Mississippi_hurricane" title="1906 Mississippi hurricane">"Mississippi"</a> (1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1906_Florida_Keys_hurricane" title="1906 Florida Keys hurricane">"Florida Keys"</a> (1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1908_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Six" title="1908 Atlantic hurricane season">Six</a> (1908)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1909_Velasco_hurricane" title="1909 Velasco hurricane">"Velasco"</a> (1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1909_Monterrey_hurricane" title="1909 Monterrey hurricane">"Monterrey"</a> (1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1909_Grand_Isle_hurricane" title="1909 Grand Isle hurricane">"Grand Isle"</a> (1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1909_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Eleven" title="1909 Atlantic hurricane season">"Key West"</a> (1909)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1910s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1912_Jamaica_hurricane" title="1912 Jamaica hurricane">"Jamaica"</a> (1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Three" title="1915 Atlantic hurricane season">Three</a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Gulf_Coast_hurricane" title="1916 Gulf Coast hurricane">"Gulf Coast"</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Charleston_hurricane" title="1916 Charleston hurricane">"Charleston"</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Eleven" title="1916 Atlantic hurricane season">Eleven</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Virgin_Islands_hurricane" title="1916 Virgin Islands hurricane">"Virgin Islands"</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Three" title="1917 Atlantic hurricane season">Three</a> (1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_One" title="1918 Atlantic hurricane season">"Louisiana"</a> (1918)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1920s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1921_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Three" title="1921 Atlantic hurricane season">Three</a> (1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1922_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Two" title="1922 Atlantic hurricane season">Two</a> (1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1923_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Five" title="1923 Atlantic hurricane season">Five</a> (1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Three" title="1924 Atlantic hurricane season">Three</a> (1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1926_Nova_Scotia_hurricane" title="1926 Nova Scotia hurricane">"Nova Scotia"</a> (1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1926_Louisiana_hurricane" title="1926 Louisiana hurricane">"Louisiana"</a> (1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1927_Nova_Scotia_hurricane" title="1927 Nova Scotia hurricane">"Nova Scotia"</a> (1927)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1930s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1930_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_One" title="1930 Atlantic hurricane season">One</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1933_Cuba%E2%80%93Bahamas_hurricane" title="1933 Cuba–Bahamas hurricane">"Cuba–Bahamas"</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1934_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Thirteen" title="1934 Atlantic hurricane season">Thirteen</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_Mid-Atlantic_hurricane" title="1936 Mid-Atlantic hurricane">"Mid-Atlantic"</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1937_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Six" title="1937 Atlantic hurricane season">Six</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Four" title="1938 Atlantic hurricane season">Four</a> (1938)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1940s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1941_Texas_hurricane" title="1941 Texas hurricane">"Texas"</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1941_Florida_hurricane" title="1941 Florida hurricane">"Florida"</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_Matagorda_hurricane" title="1942 Matagorda hurricane">"Matagorda"</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1943_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Four" title="1943 Atlantic hurricane season">Four</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Four" title="1944 Atlantic hurricane season">Four</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1945_Texas_hurricane" title="1945 Texas hurricane">"Texas"</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1947_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Ten_(Love)" title="1947 Atlantic hurricane season">Love</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Three_(Able)" title="1948 Atlantic hurricane season">Able</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Miami_hurricane" title="1948 Miami hurricane">Fox</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1949_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Four" title="1949 Atlantic hurricane season">Four</a> (1949)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1950–present" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1950–present</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Able_(1950)" title="Hurricane Able (1950)">Able</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Easy_(1950)" title="Hurricane Easy (1950)">Easy</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Jig" title="1950 Atlantic hurricane season">Jig</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Charlie" title="1952 Atlantic hurricane season">Charlie</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Edna" title="1953 Atlantic hurricane season">Edna</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Florence_(1953)" title="Hurricane Florence (1953)">Florence</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Carol" title="Hurricane Carol">Carol</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Edna" title="Hurricane Edna">Edna</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Hilda_(1955)" title="Hurricane Hilda (1955)">Hilda</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Betsy_(1956)" title="Hurricane Betsy (1956)">Betsy</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Audrey" title="Hurricane Audrey">Audrey</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Hannah" title="1959 Atlantic hurricane season">Hannah</a> (1959)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Ethel_(1960)" title="Hurricane Ethel (1960)">Ethel</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Arlene_(1963)" title="Hurricane Arlene (1963)">Arlene</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Beulah" title="1963 Atlantic hurricane season">Beulah</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Isbell" title="Hurricane Isbell">Isbell</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Alma_(1966)" title="Hurricane Alma (1966)">Alma</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Faith" title="Hurricane Faith">Faith</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Debbie_(1969)" title="Hurricane Debbie (1969)">Debbie</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Francelia" title="Hurricane Francelia">Francelia</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Gerda" title="Hurricane Gerda">Gerda</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Inga" title="Hurricane Inga">Inga</a> (1969)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Ella_(1970)" title="Hurricane Ella (1970)">Ella</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Ellen" title="1973 Atlantic hurricane season">Ellen</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Becky" title="1974 Atlantic hurricane season">Becky</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Caroline" title="Hurricane Caroline">Caroline</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Eloise" title="Hurricane Eloise">Eloise</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Belle" title="Hurricane Belle">Belle</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Frances" title="1976 Atlantic hurricane season">Frances</a> (1976)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1980_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Frances" title="1980 Atlantic hurricane season">Frances</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Floyd" title="1981 Atlantic hurricane season">Floyd</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Irene" title="1981 Atlantic hurricane season">Irene</a> (1981)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alicia</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Elena" title="Hurricane Elena">Elena</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Kate_(1985)" title="Hurricane Kate (1985)">Kate</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Emily_(1987)" title="Hurricane Emily (1987)">Emily</a> (1987)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Gustav_(1990)" title="Hurricane Gustav (1990)">Gustav</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Bob" title="Hurricane Bob">Bob</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Emily_(1993)" title="Hurricane Emily (1993)">Emily</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Marilyn" title="Hurricane Marilyn">Marilyn</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Roxanne" title="Hurricane Roxanne">Roxanne</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Bertha_(1996)" title="Hurricane Bertha (1996)">Bertha</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Fran" title="Hurricane Fran">Fran</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Isidore" title="1996 Atlantic hurricane season">Isidore</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Lili_(1996)" title="Hurricane Lili (1996)">Lili</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Erika_(1997)" title="Hurricane Erika (1997)">Erika</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Bonnie_(1998)" title="Hurricane Bonnie (1998)">Bonnie</a> (1998)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Alberto_(2000)" title="Hurricane Alberto (2000)">Alberto</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Erin_(2001)" title="Hurricane Erin (2001)">Erin</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Felix" title="2001 Atlantic hurricane season">Felix</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Isidore" title="Hurricane Isidore">Isidore</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Kate_(2003)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurricane Kate (2003)">Kate</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Alex_(2004)" title="Hurricane Alex (2004)">Alex</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Jeanne" title="Hurricane Jeanne">Jeanne</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Maria_(2005)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurricane Maria (2005)">Maria</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Beta" title="Hurricane Beta">Beta</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Gordon_(2006)" title="Hurricane Gordon (2006)">Gordon</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Helene_(2006)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurricane Helene (2006)">Helene</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Bertha_(2008)" title="Hurricane Bertha (2008)">Bertha</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Fred_(2009)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurricane Fred (2009)">Fred</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Karl" title="Hurricane Karl">Karl</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Irene" title="Hurricane Irene">Irene</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Rina" title="Hurricane Rina">Rina</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Michael" title="2012 Atlantic hurricane season">Michael</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Sandy" title="Hurricane Sandy">Sandy</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Edouard" title="2014 Atlantic hurricane season">Edouard</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Danny_(2015)" title="Hurricane Danny (2015)">Danny</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Gaston" title="2016 Atlantic hurricane season">Gaston</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Otto" title="Hurricane Otto">Otto</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Lee" title="2017 Atlantic hurricane season">Lee</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Ophelia_(2017)" title="Hurricane Ophelia (2017)">Ophelia</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Humberto_(2019)" title="Hurricane Humberto (2019)">Humberto</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Epsilon_(2020)" title="Hurricane Epsilon (2020)">Epsilon</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Zeta" title="Hurricane Zeta">Zeta</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Grace" title="Hurricane Grace">Grace</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Larry" title="Hurricane Larry">Larry</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Rafael_(2024)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurricane Rafael (2024)">Rafael</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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