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id="toc-Forecasts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relation_to_global_warming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relation_to_global_warming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Relation to global warming </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relation_to_global_warming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Preparations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preparations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Preparations </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Preparations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Preparations subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Preparations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Caribbean_and_Bermuda" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caribbean_and_Bermuda"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Caribbean and Bermuda </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Caribbean_and_Bermuda-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 United States </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Southeast" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Southeast"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.1 Southeast </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Southeast-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Florida" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Florida"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.1.1 Florida </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Florida-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Carolinas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Carolinas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.1.2 Carolinas </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Carolinas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mid-Atlantic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mid-Atlantic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.2 Mid-Atlantic </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mid-Atlantic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Virginia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Virginia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.2.1 Virginia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Virginia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Washington,_D.C." class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Washington,_D.C."> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.2.2 Washington, D.C. </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Washington,_D.C.-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maryland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maryland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.2.3 Maryland </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maryland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Delaware" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Delaware"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.2.4 Delaware </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Delaware-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Jersey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Jersey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.2.5 New Jersey </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Jersey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pennsylvania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pennsylvania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.2.6 Pennsylvania </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pennsylvania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_York" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_York"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.2.7 New York </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_York-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_England" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_England"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.3 New England </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_England-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Appalachia_and_the_Midwest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Appalachia_and_the_Midwest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.4 Appalachia and the Midwest </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Appalachia_and_the_Midwest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Canada </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Impact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Impact </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Impact-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Impact subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Impact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Caribbean" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caribbean"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Caribbean </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Caribbean-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Jamaica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jamaica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.1 Jamaica </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jamaica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hispaniola" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hispaniola"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.2 Hispaniola </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hispaniola-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuba" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuba"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.3 Cuba </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuba-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bahamas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bahamas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.4 Bahamas </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bahamas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bermuda" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bermuda"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Bermuda </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bermuda-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 United States </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Southeast_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Southeast_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.1 Southeast </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Southeast_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Florida_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Florida_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.1.1 Florida </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Florida_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_Carolina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_Carolina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.1.2 North Carolina </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_Carolina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mid-Atlantic_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mid-Atlantic_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.2 Mid-Atlantic </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mid-Atlantic_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Virginia_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Virginia_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.2.1 Virginia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Virginia_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maryland_and_Washington,_D.C." class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maryland_and_Washington,_D.C."> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.2.2 Maryland and Washington, D.C. </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maryland_and_Washington,_D.C.-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Delaware_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Delaware_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.2.3 Delaware </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Delaware_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Jersey_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Jersey_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.2.4 New Jersey </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Jersey_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pennsylvania_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pennsylvania_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.2.5 Pennsylvania </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pennsylvania_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_York_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_York_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.2.6 New York </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_York_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_England_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_England_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.3 New England </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_England_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Appalachia_and_Midwest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Appalachia_and_Midwest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.4 Appalachia and Midwest </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Appalachia_and_Midwest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-West_Virginia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#West_Virginia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.4.1 West Virginia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-West_Virginia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ohio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ohio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.4.2 Ohio </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ohio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Michigan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Michigan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.4.3 Michigan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Michigan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kentucky" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kentucky"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.4.4 Kentucky </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kentucky-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tennessee" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tennessee"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.4.5 Tennessee </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tennessee-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canada_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canada_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Canada </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canada_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Aftermath </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Aftermath subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Relief_efforts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relief_efforts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Relief efforts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relief_efforts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_impact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_impact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Political impact </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_impact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Financial_markets_impact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Financial_markets_impact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Financial markets impact </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Financial_markets_impact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure_impact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure_impact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Infrastructure impact </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure_impact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Insurance_fraud_claims" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Insurance_fraud_claims"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Insurance fraud claims </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Insurance_fraud_claims-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Baby_boom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Baby_boom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6 Baby boom </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Baby_boom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Retirement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Retirement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.7 Retirement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Retirement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media_coverage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media_coverage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Media coverage </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media_coverage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Informational_notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Informational_notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Informational notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Informational_notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Hurricane Sandy</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 52 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-52" aria-hidden="true" > 52 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="إعصار ساندي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إعصار ساندي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sendi_qas%C4%B1r%C4%9Fas%C4%B1" title="Sendi qasırğası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sendi qasırğası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF" title="হারিকেন স্যান্ডি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হারিকেন স্যান্ডি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96_(%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD)" title="Сэндзі (ураган) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сэндзі (ураган)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uragan_Sandy" title="Uragan Sandy – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Uragan Sandy" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurac%C3%A0_Sandy" title="Huracà Sandy – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Huracà Sandy" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurik%C3%A1n_Sandy" title="Hurikán Sandy – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hurikán Sandy" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corwynt_Sandy" title="Corwynt Sandy – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Corwynt Sandy" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orkanen_Sandy" title="Orkanen Sandy – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Orkanen Sandy" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurrikan_Sandy" title="Hurrikan Sandy – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hurrikan Sandy" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandy_(orkaan)" title="Sandy (orkaan) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sandy (orkaan)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%85%CF%86%CF%8E%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%82_%CE%A3%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9" title="Τυφώνας Σάντι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τυφώνας Σάντι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurac%C3%A1n_Sandy" title="Huracán Sandy – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Huracán Sandy" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uragano_Sandy" title="Uragano Sandy – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Uragano Sandy" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandy_urakana" title="Sandy urakana – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sandy urakana" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="توفند سندی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="توفند سندی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouragan_Sandy" title="Ouragan Sandy – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ouragan Sandy" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furac%C3%A1n_Sandy_(2012)" title="Furacán Sandy (2012) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Furacán Sandy (2012)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%97%88%EB%A6%AC%EC%BC%80%EC%9D%B8_%EC%83%8C%EB%94%94" title="허리케인 샌디 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="허리케인 샌디" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80_(%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4)" title="सैण्डी (चक्रवात) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सैण्डी (चक्रवात)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badai_Sandy" title="Badai Sandy – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Badai Sandy" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uragano_Sandy" title="Uragano Sandy – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Uragano Sandy" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%9F_%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%99" title="הוריקן סנדי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הוריקן סנדי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98)" title="სენდი (ქარიშხალი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სენდი (ქარიშხალი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huracanum_Sandy" title="Huracanum Sandy – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Huracanum Sandy" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sendija_(viesu%C4%BCv%C4%93tra)" title="Sendija (viesuļvētra) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sendija (viesuļvētra)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Send%C4%97_(uraganas)" title="Sendė (uraganas) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sendė (uraganas)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandy_hurrik%C3%A1n_(2012)" title="Sandy hurrikán (2012) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Sandy hurrikán (2012)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80" title="हरिकेन सँडी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हरिकेन सँडी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taufan_Sandy" title="Taufan Sandy – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Taufan Sandy" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandy_(orkaan)" title="Sandy (orkaan) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sandy (orkaan)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B1%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3" title="ハリケーン・サンディ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハリケーン・サンディ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orkanen_Sandy" title="Orkanen Sandy – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Orkanen Sandy" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huragan_Sandy" title="Huragan Sandy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Huragan Sandy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furac%C3%A3o_Sandy" title="Furacão Sandy – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Furacão Sandy" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uraganul_Sandy" title="Uraganul Sandy – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Uraganul Sandy" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8_(%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD)" title="Сэнди (ураган) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сэнди (ураган)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Sandy" title="Hurricane Sandy – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Hurricane Sandy" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Sandy_(2012)" title="Hurricane Sandy (2012) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hurricane Sandy (2012)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurik%C3%A1n_Sandy" title="Hurikán Sandy – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hurikán Sandy" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Ураган Сенди – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ураган Сенди" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurrikaani_Sandy" title="Hurrikaani Sandy – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hurrikaani Sandy" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orkanen_Sandy" title="Orkanen Sandy – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Orkanen Sandy" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagyong_Sandy" title="Bagyong Sandy – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Bagyong Sandy" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5" title="พายุเฮอริเคนแซนดี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พายุเฮอริเคนแซนดี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandy_Kas%C4%B1rgas%C4%B1" title="Sandy Kasırgası – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sandy Kasırgası" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96_(%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD)" title="Сенді (ураган) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сенді (ураган)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A3o_Sandy" title="Bão Sandy – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bão Sandy" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A3%93%E9%A3%8E%E6%A1%91%E8%BF%AA" title="飓风桑迪 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="飓风桑迪" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%92%D7%90%D7%9F_%D7%A1%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%99" title="הוראגאן סענדי – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="הוראגאן סענדי" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A2%B6%E9%A2%A8%E7%8F%8A%E8%BF%AA" title="颶風珊迪 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="颶風珊迪" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A2%B6%E9%A2%A8%E6%A1%91%E8%BF%AA" title="颶風桑迪 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="颶風桑迪" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q264#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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navigation-not-searchable">For other storms of the same name, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_storms_named_Sandy" title="List of storms named Sandy">List of storms named Sandy</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1160504542">.mw-parser-output .ib-weather-event .infobox-header>.nowrap{margin:0 8px}</style><table class="infobox ib-weather-event"><caption class="infobox-title">Hurricane Sandy</caption> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Sandy_2012-10-25_0320Z_(cropped).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Sandy_2012-10-25_0320Z_%28cropped%29.png/220px-Sandy_2012-10-25_0320Z_%28cropped%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Sandy_2012-10-25_0320Z_%28cropped%29.png/330px-Sandy_2012-10-25_0320Z_%28cropped%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Sandy_2012-10-25_0320Z_%28cropped%29.png/440px-Sandy_2012-10-25_0320Z_%28cropped%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1700" data-file-height="2200" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Sandy at its initial peak intensity just before landfall in <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> on October 25</div></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddd;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Meteorological history</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formed</th><td class="infobox-data">October 22, 2012</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Post-tropical_cyclone" title="Post-tropical cyclone">Post-tropical</a></th><td class="infobox-data">October 29, 2012</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dissipated</th><td class="infobox-data">November 2, 2012</td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1160504542"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #FF9E59"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Category 3 major hurricane</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">1-minute sustained (<a href="/wiki/Saffir%E2%80%93Simpson_scale" title="Saffir–Simpson scale">SSHWS</a>/<a href="/wiki/National_Weather_Service" title="National Weather Service">NWS</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest winds</th><td class="infobox-data">115 mph (185 km/h)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lowest pressure</th><td class="infobox-data">940 <a href="/wiki/Bar_(unit)" title="Bar (unit)">mbar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pascal_(unit)" title="Pascal (unit)">hPa</a>); 27.76 <a href="/wiki/Inch_of_mercury" title="Inch of mercury">inHg</a></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr style="background-color: #00000022; color: inherit;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Overall effects</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fatalities</th><td class="infobox-data">254</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Damage</th><td class="infobox-data">$68.7 billion (2012 <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">USD</a>) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_costliest_Atlantic_hurricanes" title="List of costliest Atlantic hurricanes">Ninth-costliest</a> tropical cyclone on record; Eighth-costliest in U.S. history)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Areas affected</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Greater_Antilles" title="Greater Antilles">Greater Antilles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahamas" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahamas">Bahamas</a>, Eastern United States (especially the coastal <a href="/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Mid-Atlantic States">Mid-Atlantic States</a>), <a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a>, eastern Canada</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ncics.org/ibtracs/index.php?name=v04r00-2012296N14283">IBTrACS</a><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q264#P4540" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr />Part of the <a href="/wiki/2012_Atlantic_hurricane_season" title="2012 Atlantic hurricane season">2012 Atlantic hurricane</a> and <a href="/wiki/2012%E2%80%9313_North_American_winter" title="2012–13 North American winter">2012–13 North American winter</a> seasons</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">History <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meteorological_history_of_Hurricane_Sandy" title="Meteorological history of Hurricane Sandy">Meteorological history</a></li></ul> Effects <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_Hurricane_Sandy_in_the_Greater_Antilles" title="Effects of Hurricane Sandy in the Greater Antilles">Greater Antilles</a></li> <li>United States <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_Hurricane_Sandy_in_Maryland_and_Washington,_D.C." title="Effects of Hurricane Sandy in Maryland and Washington, D.C.">Maryland and Washington, D.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_Hurricane_Sandy_in_New_Jersey" title="Effects of Hurricane Sandy in New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_Hurricane_Sandy_in_New_York" title="Effects of Hurricane Sandy in New York">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_Hurricane_Sandy_in_New_England" title="Effects of Hurricane Sandy in New England">New England</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_Hurricane_Sandy_in_Canada" title="Effects of Hurricane Sandy in Canada">Canada</a></li></ul> Other wikis <ul><li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hurricane_Sandy_(2012)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Hurricane Sandy (2012)">Commons: Sandy images</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Hurricane_Sandy" class="extiw" title="wikinews:Category:Hurricane Sandy">Wikinews: Sandy stories</a></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table> Hurricane Sandy (unofficially referred to as Superstorm Sandy)<a href="#cite_note-not_The_Big_One-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Superstorm_Sandy_Anniversary-2">[2]</a> was an extremely large and devastating <a href="/wiki/Tropical_cyclone" title="Tropical cyclone">tropical cyclone</a> which ravaged the Caribbean and the coastal <a href="/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_(United_States)" title="Mid-Atlantic (United States)">Mid-Atlantic region of the United States</a> in late October 2012. It was the largest Atlantic hurricane on record as measured by diameter, with tropical-storm-force winds spanning 1,150 miles (1,850 km).<a href="#cite_note-Modeling_Sandy-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Largest_Atlantic_hurricanes-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> The storm inflicted nearly $70 billion USD in damage (equivalent to $93 billion in 2023), and killed 254 people in eight countries, from the Caribbean to Canada.<a href="#cite_note-Diakakis_et_al_2013-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> The eighteenth <a href="/wiki/Tropical_cyclone_naming" title="Tropical cyclone naming">named storm</a>, tenth <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_hurricane" title="Atlantic hurricane">hurricane</a>, and second <a href="/wiki/Major_hurricane" class="mw-redirect" title="Major hurricane">major hurricane</a> of the <a href="/wiki/2012_Atlantic_hurricane_season" title="2012 Atlantic hurricane season">2012 Atlantic hurricane season</a>, Sandy was a <a href="/wiki/List_of_Category_3_Atlantic_hurricanes" title="List of Category 3 Atlantic hurricanes">Category 3</a> storm at its peak intensity when it made landfall in <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>, though most of the damage it caused was after it became a Category 1-equivalent <a href="/wiki/Extratropical_cyclone" title="Extratropical cyclone">extratropical cyclone</a> off the coast of the Northeastern United States.<a href="#cite_note-SandyTCR-8">[8]</a> Sandy developed from a <a href="/wiki/Tropical_wave" title="Tropical wave">tropical wave</a> in the western Caribbean Sea on October 22, quickly strengthened, and was upgraded to Tropical Storm Sandy six hours later. Sandy moved slowly northward toward the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Antilles" title="Greater Antilles">Greater Antilles</a> and gradually intensified. On October 24, Sandy became a hurricane, made landfall near <a href="/wiki/Kingston,_Jamaica" title="Kingston, Jamaica">Kingston, Jamaica</a>, re-emerged a few hours later into the Caribbean Sea and strengthened into a Category 2 hurricane. On October 25, Sandy hit Cuba as a Category 3 hurricane, then weakened to a Category 1 hurricane. Early on October 26, Sandy moved through the Bahamas.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> On October 27, Sandy briefly weakened to a tropical storm and then strengthened back to a Category 1 hurricane. Early on October 29, Sandy curved west-northwest (the "left turn" or "left hook") and then<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> moved ashore near <a href="/wiki/Brigantine,_New_Jersey" title="Brigantine, New Jersey">Brigantine, New Jersey</a>, just to the northeast of <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic City">Atlantic City</a>, as a <a href="/wiki/Post-tropical_cyclone" title="Post-tropical cyclone">post-tropical cyclone</a> with hurricane-force winds.<a href="#cite_note-SandyTCR-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> Sandy continued drifting inland for another few days while gradually weakening, until it was absorbed by another approaching <a href="/wiki/Extratropical_cyclone" title="Extratropical cyclone">extratropical storm</a> on November 2.<a href="#cite_note-SandyTCR-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sandy_absorbed-12">[12]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a>, winds left 70 percent of residents without electricity, blew roofs off buildings, killed one person, and caused about $100 million (equivalent to $133 million in 2023) in damage. Sandy's outer bands brought flooding to <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a>, killing a total of 75 people, causing food shortages, and leaving about 200,000 homeless; the hurricane also caused two deaths in the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>, one man was swept away by a swollen river. In Cuba, there was extensive <a href="/wiki/Coastal_flooding" title="Coastal flooding">coastal flooding</a> and wind damage inland, destroying some 15,000 homes, killing 11, and causing $2 billion (equivalent to $2.65 billion in 2023) in damage. Sandy caused two deaths and an estimated $700 million (equivalent to $929 million in 2023) in damage in <a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">The Bahamas</a>. In the United States, Hurricane Sandy affected 24 <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">states</a>, including the entire eastern seaboard from <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a> to <a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a> and west across the <a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Mountains" title="Appalachian Mountains">Appalachian Mountains</a> to <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a>, with particularly severe damage in <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>. Its <a href="/wiki/Storm_surge" title="Storm surge">storm surge</a> hit <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> on October 29, flooding streets, tunnels and subway lines and cutting power in and around the city.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> Damage in the United States amounted to $65 billion (equivalent to $86 billion in 2023).<a href="#cite_note-costliest-15">[15]</a> In Canada, two were killed in Ontario, and the storm caused an estimated $100 million <a href="/wiki/Canadian_dollar" title="Canadian dollar">CAD</a> (equivalent to $129 million CAD in 2023) in damage throughout Ontario and Quebec.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-4"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Meteorological_history">Meteorological history</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Meteorological_history_of_Hurricane_Sandy" title="Meteorological history of Hurricane Sandy">Meteorological history of Hurricane Sandy</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sandy_2012_path.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Sandy_2012_path.png/275px-Sandy_2012_path.png" decoding="async" width="275" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Sandy_2012_path.png/413px-Sandy_2012_path.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Sandy_2012_path.png/550px-Sandy_2012_path.png 2x" data-file-width="2700" data-file-height="2334" /></a><figcaption>Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Map key</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""><div style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; max-width: 51em; width: 100%"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Saffir%E2%80%93Simpson_scale" title="Saffir–Simpson scale">Saffir–Simpson scale</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style>  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  Unknown </div> </div> <div style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; max-width: 20em; width: 100%;"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Storm type</div> <div style="margin-bottom: 4px;"><img alt="circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/18px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/27px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/36px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> <a href="/wiki/Tropical_cyclone" title="Tropical cyclone">Tropical cyclone</a></div> <div style="margin-bottom: 4px;"><img alt="square" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Solid_black.svg/18px-Solid_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Solid_black.svg/27px-Solid_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Solid_black.svg/36px-Solid_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> <a href="/wiki/Subtropical_cyclone" title="Subtropical cyclone">Subtropical cyclone</a></div> <div><img alt="triangle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/ArrowUp.svg/18px-ArrowUp.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/ArrowUp.svg/27px-ArrowUp.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/ArrowUp.svg/36px-ArrowUp.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> <a href="/wiki/Extratropical_cyclone" title="Extratropical cyclone">Extratropical cyclone</a>, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression</div> </div></div></div></figcaption></figure> Hurricane Sandy began as a low pressure system which developed sufficient organized <a href="/wiki/Convection_(meteorology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Convection (meteorology)">convection</a> to be classified as Tropical Depression Eighteen on October 22 south of <a href="/wiki/Kingston,_Jamaica" title="Kingston, Jamaica">Kingston, Jamaica</a>.<a href="#cite_note-disc1-17">[17]</a> It moved slowly at first due to a <a href="/wiki/Ridge_(meteorology)" title="Ridge (meteorology)">ridge</a> to the north. Low <a href="/wiki/Wind_shear" title="Wind shear">wind shear</a> and warm <a href="/wiki/Sea_surface_temperature" title="Sea surface temperature">waters</a> allowed for strengthening,<a href="#cite_note-disc1-17">[17]</a> and the system was <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_hurricane_naming_list" class="mw-redirect" title="North Atlantic hurricane naming list">named</a> Tropical Storm Sandy late on October 22.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> Early on October 24, an <a href="/wiki/Eye_(cyclone)" title="Eye (cyclone)">eye</a> began developing, and it was moving steadily northward due to an approaching <a href="/wiki/Trough_(meteorology)" title="Trough (meteorology)">trough</a>.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> Later that day, the <a href="/wiki/National_Hurricane_Center" title="National Hurricane Center">National Hurricane Center (NHC)</a> upgraded Sandy to hurricane status about 65 mi (105 km) south of Kingston, Jamaica.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> At about 1900 UTC that day, Sandy made <a href="/wiki/Landfall_(meteorology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Landfall (meteorology)">landfall</a> near Kingston with winds of about 85 mph (137 km/h).<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> Just offshore Cuba, Sandy rapidly intensified to a Category 3 hurricane, with sustained winds at 115 mph (185 km/h) and a minimum central pressure of 954 millibars (28.2 inHg),<a href="#cite_note-SandyTCR-8">[8]</a> and at that intensity, Sandy made landfall just west of <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Cuba" title="Santiago de Cuba">Santiago de Cuba</a> at 0525 UTC on October 25.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> Operationally, Sandy was assessed to have peaked as a high-end Category 2 hurricane, with maximum sustained winds of 110 mph (180 km/h).<a href="#cite_note-SandyTCR-8">[8]</a> After Sandy exited Cuba, the structure of the storm became disorganized,<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> and it turned to the north-northwest over the Bahamas.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> By October 27, Sandy was no longer fully tropical, as evidenced by the development of frontal structures in its outer circulation.<a href="#cite_note-SandyTCR-8">[8]</a> Despite strong shear, Sandy maintained its convection due to influence from an approaching trough; the same that turned the hurricane to the northeast.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> After briefly weakening to a tropical storm,<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> Sandy re-intensified into a Category 1 hurricane,<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> and on October 28, an eye began redeveloping.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> The storm moved around an <a href="/wiki/Cold-core_low" title="Cold-core low">upper-level low</a> over the eastern United States and also to the southwest of a ridge over <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Canada" title="Atlantic Canada">Atlantic Canada</a>, turning it to the northwest.<a href="#cite_note-disc28-29">[29]</a> Sandy briefly re-intensified to Category 2 intensity on the morning of October 29, around which time it had become an extremely large hurricane, with a record gale-force wind diameter of over 1,150 miles (1,850 km),<a href="#cite_note-Modeling_Sandy-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-disc29-30">[30]</a> and an unusually low central <a href="/wiki/Barometric_pressure" class="mw-redirect" title="Barometric pressure">barometric pressure</a> of 940 mbar, possibly due to the very large size of the system.<a href="#cite_note-SandyTCR-8">[8]</a> This pressure set records for many cities across the <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeastern United States</a> for the lowest <a href="/wiki/Barometric_pressure" class="mw-redirect" title="Barometric pressure">pressures</a> ever observed.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> The convection diminished while the hurricane accelerated toward the New Jersey coast,<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> and the cyclone was no longer tropical by 2100 UTC on October 29.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> About 2½ hours later, Sandy made landfall near Brigantine, New Jersey,<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> with sustained winds of 80 mph (130 km/h).<a href="#cite_note-SandyTCR-8">[8]</a> During the next four days, Sandy's remnants drifted northward and then northeastward over <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, before merging with another low pressure area over <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Canada" title="Eastern Canada">Eastern Canada</a> on November 2.<a href="#cite_note-SandyTCR-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sandy_absorbed-12">[12]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Forecasts">Forecasts</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AL182012_5W_025_0.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/AL182012_5W_025_0.png/220px-AL182012_5W_025_0.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/AL182012_5W_025_0.png/330px-AL182012_5W_025_0.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/AL182012_5W_025_0.png/440px-AL182012_5W_025_0.png 2x" data-file-width="895" data-file-height="716" /></a><figcaption>The National Hurricane Center (NHC)'s forecast for the storm as of October 28, 2012</figcaption></figure> On October 23, 2012, the path of Hurricane Sandy was correctly predicted by the <a href="/wiki/European_Centre_for_Medium-Range_Weather_Forecasts" title="European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts">European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts</a> (ECMWF) headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Reading,_Berkshire" title="Reading, Berkshire">Reading, England</a> nearly eight days in advance of its striking the <a href="/wiki/East_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="East Coast of the United States">American East Coast</a>. The computer model noted that the storm would turn west towards land and strike the New York/New Jersey region on October 29, rather than turn east and head out to the open Atlantic as most hurricanes in this position do. By October 27, four days after the ECMWF made its prediction, the <a href="/wiki/National_Weather_Service" title="National Weather Service">National Weather Service</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Hurricane_Center" title="National Hurricane Center">National Hurricane Center</a> confirmed the path of the hurricane predicted by the European model. The National Weather Service was criticized for not employing its higher-resolution forecast models the way that its European counterpart did. A hardware and software upgrade completed at the end of 2013 enabled the weather service to make predictions more accurate and farther in advance than the technology in 2012 had allowed.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relation_to_global_warming">Relation to global warming</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Tropical_cyclones_and_climate_change" title="Tropical cyclones and climate change">Tropical cyclones and climate change</a></div> According to <a href="/wiki/NCAR" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAR">NCAR</a> senior climatologist <a href="/wiki/Kevin_E._Trenberth" class="mw-redirect" title="Kevin E. Trenberth">Kevin E. Trenberth</a>, "The answer to the oft-asked question of whether an event is caused by <a href="/wiki/Global_warming" class="mw-redirect" title="Global warming">climate change</a> is that it is the wrong question. All weather events are affected by climate change because the environment in which they occur is warmer and moister than it used to be."<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> Although <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">NOAA</a> meteorologist Martin Hoerling attributes Sandy to "little more than the coincidental alignment of a tropical storm with an extratropical storm",<a href="#cite_note-Revkin-37">[37]</a> Trenberth does agree that the storm was caused by "natural variability" but adds that it was "enhanced by global warming".<a href="#cite_note-SurfTemps-38">[38]</a> One factor contributing to the storm's strength was abnormally warm <a href="/wiki/Sea_surface_temperatures" class="mw-redirect" title="Sea surface temperatures">sea surface temperatures</a> offshore the <a href="/wiki/East_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="East Coast of the United States">East Coast of the United States</a>—more than 5 °F (3 °C) above normal, to which global warming had contributed 1 °F (0.6 °C).<a href="#cite_note-SurfTemps-38">[38]</a> As the temperature of the atmosphere increases, the capacity to hold water increases, leading to stronger storms and higher rainfall amounts.<a href="#cite_note-SurfTemps-38">[38]</a> As they move north, Atlantic hurricanes typically are forced east and out to sea by the <a href="/wiki/Westerlies" title="Westerlies">Prevailing Westerlies</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Masters-39">[39]</a> In Sandy's case, this typical pattern was <a href="/wiki/Block_(meteorology)" title="Block (meteorology)">blocked</a> by a ridge of high pressure over Greenland resulting in a negative <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_Oscillation" class="mw-redirect" title="North Atlantic Oscillation">North Atlantic Oscillation</a>, forming a kink in the jet stream, causing it to double back on itself off the East Coast. Sandy was caught up in this southeasterly flow, taking the storm on an unusual northwest path.<a href="#cite_note-Masters-39">[39]</a> The blocking pattern over Greenland also stalled an <a href="/wiki/Arctic_front" title="Arctic front">Arctic front</a> which combined with the cyclone.<a href="#cite_note-Masters-39">[39]</a> Mark Fischetti of <a href="/wiki/Scientific_American" title="Scientific American">Scientific American</a> said that the jet stream's unusual shape was caused by <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_the_Arctic" title="Climate change in the Arctic">the melting of Arctic ice</a>.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> Trenberth said that while a negative North Atlantic Oscillation and a blocking anticyclone were in place, the <a href="/wiki/Null_hypothesis" title="Null hypothesis">null hypothesis</a> remained that this was just the natural variability of weather.<a href="#cite_note-Revkin-37">[37]</a> Sea level at New York and along the New Jersey coast <a href="/wiki/Current_sea_level_rise" class="mw-redirect" title="Current sea level rise">has increased</a> by nearly 12 inches (30 cm) over the last hundred years,<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> which contributed to the <a href="/wiki/Storm_surge" title="Storm surge">storm surge</a>.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> One group of scientists estimated that the anthropogenic (human activity-driven) climate change was responsible for approximately 3.5 inches (8.9 cm) of sea level rise in New York, which permitted additional storm surge that caused approximately $8.1 Billion out of the $60 billion in reported economic damage and to an extension of the flood zone to impact approximately 71,000 more people than would have been the case without it.<a href="#cite_note-Strauss2021-43">[43]</a> Harvard geologist <a href="/wiki/Daniel_P._Schrag" title="Daniel P. Schrag">Daniel P. Schrag</a> calls Hurricane Sandy's 13-foot (4.0 m) storm surge an example of what will, by mid-century, be the "new norm on the Eastern seaboard".<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Preparations">Preparations</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Caribbean_and_Bermuda">Caribbean and Bermuda</h3></div> After the storm became a tropical cyclone on October 22, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Jamaica" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Jamaica">Government of Jamaica</a> issued a tropical storm watch for the entire island.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> Early on October 23, the watch was replaced with a tropical storm warning and a hurricane watch was issued.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> At 1500 UTC, the hurricane watch was upgraded to a hurricane warning, while the tropical storm warning was discontinued.<a href="#cite_note-advis5-47">[47]</a> In preparation of the storm, many residents stocked up on supplies and reinforced roofing material. Acting Prime Minister Peter Phillips urged people to take this storm seriously, and also to take care of their neighbors, especially the elderly, children, and disabled. Government officials shut down schools, government buildings, and the airport in Kingston on the day prior to the arrival of Sandy. Meanwhile, numerous and early curfews were put in place to protect residents, properties, and to prevent crime.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> Shortly after Jamaica issued its first watch on October 22, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Haiti" title="Government of Haiti">Government of Haiti</a> issued a tropical storm watch for Haiti.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> By late October 23, it was modified to a tropical storm warning.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Cuba" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Cuba">Government of Cuba</a> posted a hurricane watch for the <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Cuba" title="Provinces of Cuba">Cuban Provinces</a> of <a href="/wiki/Camag%C3%BCey_Province" title="Camagüey Province">Camagüey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Granma_Province" title="Granma Province">Granma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guant%C3%A1namo_Province" title="Guantánamo Province">Guantánamo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Holgu%C3%ADn_Province" title="Holguín Province">Holguín</a>, <a href="/wiki/Las_Tunas_Province" title="Las Tunas Province">Las Tunas</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Cuba_Province" title="Santiago de Cuba Province">Santiago de Cuba</a> at 1500 UTC on October 23.<a href="#cite_note-advis5-47">[47]</a> Only three hours later, the hurricane watch was switched to a hurricane warning.<a href="#cite_note-advis6-51">[51]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Bahamas" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of the Bahamas">Government of the Bahamas</a>, at 1500 UTC on October 23, issued a tropical storm watch for several Bahamian islands, including the <a href="/wiki/Acklins" title="Acklins">Acklins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cat_Island,_Bahamas" class="mw-redirect" title="Cat Island, Bahamas">Cat Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crooked_Island,_Bahamas" title="Crooked Island, Bahamas">Crooked Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Exuma" title="Exuma">Exuma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inagua" title="Inagua">Inagua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Long_Cay" title="Long Cay">Long Cay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Long_Island,_Bahamas" title="Long Island, Bahamas">Long Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mayaguana" title="Mayaguana">Mayaguana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ragged_Island,_Bahamas" title="Ragged Island, Bahamas">Ragged Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rum_Cay" title="Rum Cay">Rum Cay</a>, and <a href="/wiki/San_Salvador_Island" title="San Salvador Island">San Salvador Island</a>.<a href="#cite_note-advis5-47">[47]</a> Later that day, another tropical storm watch was issued for <a href="/wiki/Abaco_Islands" title="Abaco Islands">Abaco Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andros,_Bahamas" class="mw-redirect" title="Andros, Bahamas">Andros Island</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Berry_Islands" title="Berry Islands">Berry Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bimini" title="Bimini">Bimini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eleuthera" title="Eleuthera">Eleuthera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grand_Bahama" title="Grand Bahama">Grand Bahama</a>, and <a href="/wiki/New_Providence" title="New Providence">New Providence</a>.<a href="#cite_note-advis6-51">[51]</a> By early on October 24, the tropical storm watch for Cat Island, Exuma, Long Island, Rum Cay, and San Salvador was upgraded to a tropical storm warning.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> At 1515 UTC on October 26, the Bermuda Weather Service issued a tropical storm watch for Bermuda, reflecting the enormous size of the storm and the anticipated wide-reaching impacts.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:White_House_teleconference_for_Hurricane_Sandy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/White_House_teleconference_for_Hurricane_Sandy.jpg/220px-White_House_teleconference_for_Hurricane_Sandy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/White_House_teleconference_for_Hurricane_Sandy.jpg/330px-White_House_teleconference_for_Hurricane_Sandy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/White_House_teleconference_for_Hurricane_Sandy.jpg/440px-White_House_teleconference_for_Hurricane_Sandy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4008" data-file-height="2672" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> conference with <a href="/wiki/Federal_Emergency_Management_Agency" title="Federal Emergency Management Agency">FEMA</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Department of Homeland Security">Department of Homeland Security</a> in preparation for arrival of the hurricane.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/40px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/60px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/80px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikinews has related news: <div><ul><li><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/U.S._prepares_for_arrival_of_Hurricane_Sandy" class="extiw" title="wikinews:U.S. prepares for arrival of Hurricane Sandy"> U.S. prepares for arrival of Hurricane Sandy</a></li></ul></div></div></div> </div> Much of the East Coast of the United States, in Mid-Atlantic and New England regions, had a good chance of receiving <a href="/wiki/Gale" title="Gale">gale</a>-force winds, flooding, heavy rain and possibly snow early in the week of October 28 from an unusual hybrid of Hurricane Sandy and a winter storm producing a <a href="/wiki/Fujiwhara_effect" title="Fujiwhara effect">Fujiwhara effect</a>.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> Government weather forecasters said there was a 90% chance that the East Coast would be impacted by the storm. Jim Cisco of the <a href="/wiki/Hydrometeorological_Prediction_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrometeorological Prediction Center">Hydrometeorological Prediction Center</a> coined the term "Frankenstorm", as Sandy was expected to merge with a storm front a few days before Halloween.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> As coverage continued, several media outlets began eschewing this term in favor of "superstorm".<a href="#cite_note-foxnewssuperstorm-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-nofrankenstorm-59">[59]</a> Utilities and governments along the East Coast attempted to head off long-term power failures Sandy might cause. Power companies from the Southeast to New England alerted <a href="/wiki/Independent_contractor" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent contractor">independent contractors</a> to be ready to help repair storm damaged equipment quickly and asked employees to cancel vacations and work longer hours. Researchers from <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a>, using a computer model built on power outage data from previous hurricanes, conservatively forecast that 10 million customers along the Eastern Seaboard would lose power from the storm.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/President_Obama_discusses_preparations_for_Hurricane_Sandy.ogv/220px--President_Obama_discusses_preparations_for_Hurricane_Sandy.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="239" data-mwtitle="President_Obama_discusses_preparations_for_Hurricane_Sandy.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:President_Obama_discusses_preparations_for_Hurricane_Sandy.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e0/President_Obama_discusses_preparations_for_Hurricane_Sandy.ogv/President_Obama_discusses_preparations_for_Hurricane_Sandy.ogv.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e0/President_Obama_discusses_preparations_for_Hurricane_Sandy.ogv/President_Obama_discusses_preparations_for_Hurricane_Sandy.ogv.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/President_Obama_discusses_preparations_for_Hurricane_Sandy.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e0/President_Obama_discusses_preparations_for_Hurricane_Sandy.ogv/President_Obama_discusses_preparations_for_Hurricane_Sandy.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e0/President_Obama_discusses_preparations_for_Hurricane_Sandy.ogv/President_Obama_discusses_preparations_for_Hurricane_Sandy.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e0/President_Obama_discusses_preparations_for_Hurricane_Sandy.ogv/President_Obama_discusses_preparations_for_Hurricane_Sandy.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3APresident_Obama_discusses_preparations_for_Hurricane_Sandy.ogv&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3APresident_Obama_discusses_preparations_for_Hurricane_Sandy.ogv&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt ‪(vi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video><figcaption>President Obama discusses preparations for Hurricane Sandy</figcaption></figure> Through regional offices in <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Emergency_Management_Agency" title="Federal Emergency Management Agency">Federal Emergency Management Agency</a> (FEMA) monitored Sandy, closely coordinating with state and tribal emergency management partners in Florida and the Southeast, Mid-Atlantic, and New England states.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">President Obama</a> signed emergency declarations on October 28 for several states expected to be impacted by Sandy, allowing them to request federal aid and make additional preparations in advance of the storm.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> Flight cancellations and travel alerts on the U.S. East Coast were put in place in the Mid-Atlantic and the New England areas.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> Over 5,000 commercial airline flights scheduled for October 28 and 29 were canceled by the afternoon of October 28<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a> canceled some services through October 29 in preparation for the storm.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> In addition, the <a href="/wiki/U.S._National_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. National Guard">National Guard</a> and <a href="/wiki/U.S._Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Air Force">U.S. Air Force</a> put as many as 45,000 personnel in at least seven states on alert for possible duty in response to the preparations and aftermath of Sandy.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Southeast">Southeast</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sandy_2012-10-28_1600Z.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Sandy_2012-10-28_1600Z.jpg/220px-Sandy_2012-10-28_1600Z.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Sandy_2012-10-28_1600Z.jpg/330px-Sandy_2012-10-28_1600Z.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Sandy_2012-10-28_1600Z.jpg/440px-Sandy_2012-10-28_1600Z.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7200" data-file-height="9400" /></a><figcaption>A tilted satellite image of the storm on October 28, with most of the U.S. coastline artificially highlighted. The entire east coast is visible, with a cloudless <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a> coast seen at the bottom of the image and the outline of the coast of <a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a> at the top right.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Florida">Florida</h5></div> Schools on the <a href="/wiki/Treasure_Coast" title="Treasure Coast">Treasure Coast</a> announced closures for October 26 in anticipation of Sandy.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Carolinas">Carolinas</h5></div> At 0900 UTC on October 26, a tropical storm watch was issued from the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Savannah_River" title="Savannah River">Savannah River</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a> to <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Inlet" title="Oregon Inlet">Oregon Inlet</a>, North Carolina, including <a href="/wiki/Pamlico_Sound" title="Pamlico Sound">Pamlico Sound</a>.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> Twelve hours later, the portion of the tropical storm watch from the <a href="/wiki/Santee_River" title="Santee River">Santee River</a> in South Carolina to <a href="/wiki/Duck,_North_Carolina" title="Duck, North Carolina">Duck, North Carolina</a>, including Pamlico Sound, was upgraded to a warning.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_North_Carolina" title="Governor of North Carolina">Governor of North Carolina</a> <a href="/wiki/Beverly_Perdue" class="mw-redirect" title="Beverly Perdue">Beverly Perdue</a> declared a state of emergency for <a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_North_Carolina" title="List of counties in North Carolina">38 eastern counties</a> on October 26, which took effect on the following day.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> By October 29, the state of emergency was extended to 24 counties in western North Carolina, with up to 12 in (30 cm) of snow attributed to Sandy anticipated in higher elevations. The <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a> closed at least five sections of the <a href="/wiki/Blue_Ridge_Parkway" title="Blue Ridge Parkway">Blue Ridge Parkway</a>.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mid-Atlantic">Mid-Atlantic</h4></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Virginia">Virginia</h5></div> On October 26, <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Virginia" title="Governor of Virginia">Governor of Virginia</a> <a href="/wiki/Bob_McDonnell" title="Bob McDonnell">Bob McDonnell</a> declared a state of emergency. The U.S. Navy sent more than twenty-seven ships and forces to sea from <a href="/wiki/Naval_Station_Norfolk" title="Naval Station Norfolk">Naval Station Norfolk</a> for their protection.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-72">[72]</a> Governor McDonnell authorized the <a href="/wiki/Virginia_National_Guard" title="Virginia National Guard">National Guard</a> to activate 630 personnel ahead of the storm.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a> presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">Mitt Romney</a> canceled campaign appearances scheduled for October 28 in <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Beach,_Virginia" title="Virginia Beach, Virginia">Virginia Beach, Virginia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> October 30 because of Sandy. <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a> <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> canceled his appearance on October 27 in Virginia Beach and an October 29 campaign event in New Hampshire.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> President Barack Obama canceled a campaign stop with former President <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> in Virginia scheduled for October 29, as well as a trip to <a href="/wiki/Colorado_Springs,_Colorado" title="Colorado Springs, Colorado">Colorado Springs, Colorado</a>, the next day because of the impending storm.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Washington,_D.C.">Washington, D.C.</h5></div> On October 26, <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Washington,_D.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor of Washington, D.C.">Mayor of Washington, D.C.</a> <a href="/wiki/Vincent_C._Gray" title="Vincent C. Gray">Vincent Gray</a> declared a state of emergency,<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> which President Obama signed on October 28.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Office_of_Personnel_Management" title="United States Office of Personnel Management">United States Office of Personnel Management</a> announced federal offices in the <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> area would be closed to the public on October 29–30.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> In addition, <a href="/wiki/Washington_Metropolitan_Area_Transit_Authority" title="Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority">Washington D.C. Metro</a> service, both rail and bus, was canceled on October 29 due to expected high winds, the likelihood of widespread power outages, and the closing of the federal government.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a> closed for the day of October 29.<a href="#cite_note-bigstory.ap.org-80">[80]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Maryland">Maryland</h5></div> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Maryland" title="Governor of Maryland">Governor of Maryland</a> <a href="/wiki/Martin_O%27Malley" title="Martin O'Malley">Martin O'Malley</a> declared a state of emergency on October 26.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-72">[72]</a> By the following day, <a href="/wiki/Smith_Island,_Maryland" title="Smith Island, Maryland">Smith Island</a> residents were evacuated with the assistance of the Maryland Natural Resources Police, <a href="/wiki/Dorchester_County,_Maryland" title="Dorchester County, Maryland">Dorchester County</a> opened two shelters for those in flood prone areas, and <a href="/wiki/Ocean_City,_Maryland" title="Ocean City, Maryland">Ocean City</a> initiated Phase I of their Emergency Operations Plan.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> Baltimore Gas and Electric Co. put workers on standby and made plans to bring in crews from other states.<a href="#cite_note-The_Washington_Examiner-84">[84]</a> On October 28, President Obama declared an emergency in Maryland and signed an order authorizing the Federal Emergency Management Agency to aid in disaster relief efforts.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> Also, numerous areas were ordered to be evacuated including part of <a href="/wiki/Ocean_City,_Maryland" title="Ocean City, Maryland">Ocean City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Worcester_County,_Maryland" title="Worcester County, Maryland">Worcester County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wicomico_County,_Maryland" title="Wicomico County, Maryland">Wicomico County</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Somerset_County,_Maryland" title="Somerset County, Maryland">Somerset County</a>.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> Officials warned that more than a hundred million tons of dirty sediment mixed with tree limbs and debris floating behind <a href="/wiki/Conowingo_Dam" title="Conowingo Dam">Conowingo Dam</a> could eventually pour into the <a href="/wiki/Chesapeake_Bay" title="Chesapeake Bay">Chesapeake Bay</a>, posing a potential environmental threat.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Maryland_Transit_Administration" title="Maryland Transit Administration">Maryland Transit Administration</a> canceled all service for October 29 and 30. The cancellations applied to buses, light rail, and Amtrak and <a href="/wiki/MARC_Train" title="MARC Train">MARC</a> train service.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> On October 29, six shelters opened in <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a>, and early voting was canceled for the day.<a href="#cite_note-bigstory.ap.org-80">[80]</a> Maryland Insurance Commissioner Therese M. Goldsmith activated an emergency regulation requiring pharmacies to refill prescriptions regardless of their last refill date.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> On October 29, the <a href="/wiki/Chesapeake_Bay_Bridge" title="Chesapeake Bay Bridge">Chesapeake Bay Bridge</a> over the <a href="/wiki/Chesapeake_Bay" title="Chesapeake Bay">Chesapeake Bay</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Millard_E._Tydings_Memorial_Bridge" title="Millard E. Tydings Memorial Bridge">Millard E. Tydings Memorial Bridge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Hatem_Memorial_Bridge" title="Thomas J. Hatem Memorial Bridge">Thomas J. Hatem Memorial Bridge</a> over the <a href="/wiki/Susquehanna_River" title="Susquehanna River">Susquehanna River</a> were closed to traffic in the midday hours.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Delaware">Delaware</h5></div> On October 28, Governor <a href="/wiki/Jack_Markell" title="Jack Markell">Markell</a> declared a state of emergency, with coastal areas of <a href="/wiki/Sussex_County,_Delaware" title="Sussex County, Delaware">Sussex County</a> evacuated.<a href="#cite_note-wboc-92">[92]</a> In preparation for the storm, the <a href="/wiki/Delaware_Department_of_Transportation" title="Delaware Department of Transportation">Delaware Department of Transportation</a> suspended some weekend construction projects, removed traffic cones and barrels from construction sites, and removed several span-wire overhead signs in Sussex County.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> <a href="/wiki/Delaware_Route_1" title="Delaware Route 1">Delaware Route 1</a> through <a href="/wiki/Delaware_Seashore_State_Park" title="Delaware Seashore State Park">Delaware Seashore State Park</a> was closed due to flooding.<a href="#cite_note-wboc-92">[92]</a> Delaware roads were closed to the public, except for emergency and essential personnel,<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> and tolls on <a href="/wiki/Interstate_95" title="Interstate 95">I-95</a> and Delaware Route 1 were waived.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> <a href="/wiki/DART_First_State" title="DART First State">DART First State</a> transit service was also suspended during the storm.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="New_Jersey">New Jersey</h5></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NJ_National_Guard_Prepares_for_Hurricane_Sandy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/NJ_National_Guard_Prepares_for_Hurricane_Sandy.jpg/220px-NJ_National_Guard_Prepares_for_Hurricane_Sandy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/NJ_National_Guard_Prepares_for_Hurricane_Sandy.jpg/330px-NJ_National_Guard_Prepares_for_Hurricane_Sandy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/NJ_National_Guard_Prepares_for_Hurricane_Sandy.jpg/440px-NJ_National_Guard_Prepares_for_Hurricane_Sandy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a><figcaption>Airmen of the <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Air_National_Guard" title="New Jersey Air National Guard">New Jersey Air National Guard</a>'s <a href="/wiki/108th_Wing" title="108th Wing">108th Wing</a> assemble before being sent to assist at various emergency shelters.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HurricaneSANDYCheltenham.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/HurricaneSANDYCheltenham.jpg/220px-HurricaneSANDYCheltenham.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/HurricaneSANDYCheltenham.jpg/330px-HurricaneSANDYCheltenham.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/HurricaneSANDYCheltenham.jpg/440px-HurricaneSANDYCheltenham.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1328" data-file-height="996" /></a><figcaption>A downed tree in <a href="/wiki/Cheltenham_Township,_Pennsylvania" title="Cheltenham Township, Pennsylvania">Cheltenham Township, Pennsylvania</a>.</figcaption></figure> Preparations began on October 26, when officials in <a href="/wiki/Cape_May_County,_New_Jersey" title="Cape May County, New Jersey">Cape May County</a> advised residents on <a href="/wiki/Barrier_island" title="Barrier island">barrier islands</a> to evacuate. There were also voluntary evacuations for <a href="/wiki/Mantoloking,_New_Jersey" title="Mantoloking, New Jersey">Mantoloking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bay_Head,_New_Jersey" title="Bay Head, New Jersey">Bay Head</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barnegat_Light,_New_Jersey" title="Barnegat Light, New Jersey">Barnegat Light</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beach_Haven,_New_Jersey" title="Beach Haven, New Jersey">Beach Haven</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Cedars,_New_Jersey" title="Harvey Cedars, New Jersey">Harvey Cedars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Long_Beach_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Long Beach Township, New Jersey">Long Beach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ship_Bottom,_New_Jersey" title="Ship Bottom, New Jersey">Ship Bottom</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Stafford_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Stafford Township, New Jersey">Stafford</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ocean_County,_New_Jersey" title="Ocean County, New Jersey">Ocean County</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ocean_County-97">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bay_Head-99">[99]</a> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_Jersey" title="Governor of New Jersey">Governor of New Jersey</a> <a href="/wiki/Chris_Christie" title="Chris Christie">Chris Christie</a> ordered all residents of barrier islands from <a href="/wiki/Sandy_Hook,_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Sandy Hook, New Jersey">Sandy Hook</a> to <a href="/wiki/Cape_May,_New_Jersey" title="Cape May, New Jersey">Cape May</a> to evacuate and closed <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey" title="Atlantic City, New Jersey">Atlantic City</a> casinos. Tolls were suspended on the northbound <a href="/wiki/Garden_State_Parkway" title="Garden State Parkway">Garden State Parkway</a> and the westbound <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_City_Expressway" title="Atlantic City Expressway">Atlantic City Expressway</a> starting at 6 a.m. on October 28.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> President Obama signed an emergency declaration for New Jersey, allowing the state to request federal funding and other assistance for actions taken before Sandy's landfall.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> On October 28, <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Hoboken,_New_Jersey" title="Mayor of Hoboken, New Jersey">Mayor of Hoboken</a> <a href="/wiki/Dawn_Zimmer" title="Dawn Zimmer">Dawn Zimmer</a> ordered residents of basement and street-level residential units to evacuate, due to possible flooding.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> On October 29, residents of <a href="/wiki/Logan_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Logan Township, New Jersey">Logan Township</a> were ordered to evacuate.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jersey_Central_Power_%26_Light" class="mw-redirect" title="Jersey Central Power & Light">Jersey Central Power & Light</a> told employees to prepare to work extended shifts.<a href="#cite_note-The_Washington_Examiner-84">[84]</a> Most schools, colleges and universities were closed October 29 while at least 509 out of 580 school districts were closed October 30.<a href="#cite_note-NewsWorks-104">[104]</a> Although tropical storm conditions were inevitable and hurricane-force winds were likely, the National Hurricane Center did not issue any tropical cyclone watches or warnings for New Jersey, because Sandy was forecast to become extratropical before landfall and thus would not be a tropical cyclone.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</h5></div> Preparations in Pennsylvania began when <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Pennsylvania">Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/Tom_Corbett" title="Tom Corbett">Tom Corbett</a> declared a state of emergency on October 26.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-72">[72]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Philadelphia" title="Mayor of Philadelphia">Mayor of Philadelphia</a> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Nutter" title="Michael Nutter">Michael Nutter</a> asked residents in low-lying areas and neighborhoods prone to flooding to leave their homes by 1800 UTC October 28 and move to safer ground.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> The Philadelphia International Airport suspended all flight operations for October 29.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> On October 29, Philadelphia shut down its mass transit system.<a href="#cite_note-bigstory.ap.org-80">[80]</a> On October 28, <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Harrisburg" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mayors of Harrisburg">Mayor of Harrisburg</a> <a href="/wiki/Linda_D._Thompson" title="Linda D. Thompson">Linda D. Thompson</a> declared a state of disaster emergency for the city to go into effect at 5 a.m. October 29. Electric utilities in the state brought in crews and equipment from other states such as <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a>, to assist with restoration efforts.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="New_York">New York</h5></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Effects_of_Hurricane_Sandy_in_New_York" title="Effects of Hurricane Sandy in New York">Effects of Hurricane Sandy in New York</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MTA_Service_Alert_-_Hurricane_Sandy_service_cancellations.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/MTA_Service_Alert_-_Hurricane_Sandy_service_cancellations.jpg/220px-MTA_Service_Alert_-_Hurricane_Sandy_service_cancellations.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="306" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/MTA_Service_Alert_-_Hurricane_Sandy_service_cancellations.jpg/330px-MTA_Service_Alert_-_Hurricane_Sandy_service_cancellations.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/MTA_Service_Alert_-_Hurricane_Sandy_service_cancellations.jpg/440px-MTA_Service_Alert_-_Hurricane_Sandy_service_cancellations.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1816" data-file-height="2530" /></a><figcaption>Special <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Transportation_Authority" title="Metropolitan Transportation Authority">MTA</a> service alerts, posted in subway stations on October 26, urged travelers to be alert for future evacuation orders or service suspension announcements.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_York" title="Governor of New York">Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Cuomo" title="Andrew Cuomo">Andrew Cuomo</a> declared a statewide state of emergency and asked for a pre-disaster declaration on October 26,<a href="#cite_note-The_Wall_St._Journal-109">[109]</a> which President Obama signed later that day.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> By October 27, major carriers canceled all flights into and out of <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_International_Airport" title="John F. Kennedy International Airport">JFK</a>, <a href="/wiki/LaGuardia_Airport" title="LaGuardia Airport">LaGuardia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Newark_Liberty_International_Airport" title="Newark Liberty International Airport">Newark-Liberty</a> airports, and <a href="/wiki/Metro-North_Railroad" title="Metro-North Railroad">Metro North</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Long_Island_Rail_Road" title="Long Island Rail Road">Long Island Rail Road</a> suspended service.<a href="#cite_note-MyFoxNY-111">[111]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Tappan_Zee_Bridge_(1955%E2%80%932017)" title="Tappan Zee Bridge (1955–2017)">Tappan Zee Bridge</a> was closed,<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> and later the <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Battery_Tunnel" class="mw-redirect" title="Brooklyn Battery Tunnel">Brooklyn Battery Tunnel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Holland_Tunnel" title="Holland Tunnel">Holland Tunnel</a> were also closed.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> On Long Island, an evacuation was ordered for <a href="/wiki/South_Shore_(Long_Island)" title="South Shore (Long Island)">South Shore</a>, including areas south of <a href="/wiki/Sunrise_Highway" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunrise Highway">Sunrise Highway</a>, north of <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Route_25A" title="New York State Route 25A">Route 25A</a>, and in elevations of less than 16 feet (4.9 m) above sea level on the <a href="/wiki/North_Shore_(Long_Island)" title="North Shore (Long Island)">North Shore</a>.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Suffolk_County,_New_York" title="Suffolk County, New York">Suffolk County</a>, mandatory evacuations were ordered for residents of <a href="/wiki/Fire_Island" title="Fire Island">Fire Island</a> and six towns.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> Most schools closed in Nassau and Suffolk counties on October 29.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hugh_L._Carey_Tunnel_during_Hurricane_Sandy_vc.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Hugh_L._Carey_Tunnel_during_Hurricane_Sandy_vc.jpg/220px-Hugh_L._Carey_Tunnel_during_Hurricane_Sandy_vc.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Hugh_L._Carey_Tunnel_during_Hurricane_Sandy_vc.jpg/330px-Hugh_L._Carey_Tunnel_during_Hurricane_Sandy_vc.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Hugh_L._Carey_Tunnel_during_Hurricane_Sandy_vc.jpg/440px-Hugh_L._Carey_Tunnel_during_Hurricane_Sandy_vc.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1680" data-file-height="1118" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn%E2%80%93Battery_Tunnel" title="Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel">Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel</a> remained flooded on the Tuesday morning after the storm.</figcaption></figure> New York City began taking precautions on October 26. Governor Cuomo ordered the closure of <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Transportation_Authority" title="Metropolitan Transportation Authority">MTA</a> and its subway on October 28, and the MTA suspended all subway, bus, and commuter rail service beginning at 2300 UTC.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> After <a href="/wiki/Effects_of_Hurricane_Irene_in_New_York#New_York_City" title="Effects of Hurricane Irene in New York">Hurricane Irene</a> nearly submerged subways and tunnels in 2011,<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> entrances and grates were covered just before Sandy, but were still flooded.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> <a href="/wiki/Port_Authority_Trans-Hudson" class="mw-redirect" title="Port Authority Trans-Hudson">PATH</a> train service and stations as well as the <a href="/wiki/Port_Authority_Bus_Terminal" title="Port Authority Bus Terminal">Port Authority Bus Terminal</a> were shut down in the early morning hours of October 29.<a href="#cite_note-WABC_TV-120">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-NY1_Transit-121">[121]</a> Later on October 28, officials activated the coastal emergency plan, with subway closings and the evacuation of residents in areas hit by <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Irene" title="Hurricane Irene">Hurricane Irene</a> in 2011. More than 76 evacuation shelters were open around the city.<a href="#cite_note-The_Wall_St._Journal-109">[109]</a> On October 28, Mayor <a href="/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg">Michael Bloomberg</a> ordered that all public schools be closed on Monday<a href="#cite_note-WABC_TV-120">[120]</a> and announced a mandatory evacuation of Zone A, which comprised areas near coastlines or waterways.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> Additionally, 200 <a href="/wiki/New_York_National_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="New York National Guard">National Guard</a> troops were deployed in the city.<a href="#cite_note-NY1_Transit-121">[121]</a> <a href="/wiki/NYU_Langone_Medical_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="NYU Langone Medical Center">NYU Langone Medical Center</a> canceled all surgeries and medical procedures, except for emergency procedures.<a href="#cite_note-NY1_Transit-121">[121]</a> Additionally, one of NYU Langone Medical Center's backup generators failed on October 29, prompting the evacuation of hundreds of patients, including those from the hospital's various <a href="/wiki/Intensive_care_units" class="mw-redirect" title="Intensive care units">intensive care units</a>.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> U.S. stock trading was suspended for October 29 to 30.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="New_England">New England</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flooding_in_Marblehead_Massachusetts_caused_by_Hurricane_Sandy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flooding_in_Marblehead_Massachusetts_caused_by_Hurricane_Sandy.jpg/220px-Flooding_in_Marblehead_Massachusetts_caused_by_Hurricane_Sandy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flooding_in_Marblehead_Massachusetts_caused_by_Hurricane_Sandy.jpg/330px-Flooding_in_Marblehead_Massachusetts_caused_by_Hurricane_Sandy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flooding_in_Marblehead_Massachusetts_caused_by_Hurricane_Sandy.jpg/440px-Flooding_in_Marblehead_Massachusetts_caused_by_Hurricane_Sandy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3484" data-file-height="2332" /></a><figcaption>Flooding in <a href="/wiki/Marblehead,_Massachusetts" title="Marblehead, Massachusetts">Marblehead, Massachusetts</a>, caused by Hurricane Sandy on October 29.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a> Governor <a href="/wiki/Dannel_Malloy" title="Dannel Malloy">Dannel Malloy</a> partially activated the state's Emergency Operations Center on October 26<a href="#cite_note-CT.gov-125">[125]</a> and signed a Declaration of Emergency the next day.<a href="#cite_note-governor.ct.gov-126">[126]</a> On October 28, President Obama approved Connecticut's request for an emergency declaration, and hundreds of <a href="/wiki/Connecticut_National_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="Connecticut National Guard">National Guard</a> personnel were deployed.<a href="#cite_note-thehour.com-127">[127]</a> On October 29, Governor Malloy ordered road closures for all state highways.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> Numerous mandatory and partial evacuations were issued in cities across Connecticut.<a href="#cite_note-ctnowevac-129">[129]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gov._Malloy_on_phone_with_President_Obama_discussing_Hurricane_Sandy_(8131727537)_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Gov._Malloy_on_phone_with_President_Obama_discussing_Hurricane_Sandy_%288131727537%29_%281%29.jpg/220px-Gov._Malloy_on_phone_with_President_Obama_discussing_Hurricane_Sandy_%288131727537%29_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Gov._Malloy_on_phone_with_President_Obama_discussing_Hurricane_Sandy_%288131727537%29_%281%29.jpg/330px-Gov._Malloy_on_phone_with_President_Obama_discussing_Hurricane_Sandy_%288131727537%29_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Gov._Malloy_on_phone_with_President_Obama_discussing_Hurricane_Sandy_%288131727537%29_%281%29.jpg/440px-Gov._Malloy_on_phone_with_President_Obama_discussing_Hurricane_Sandy_%288131727537%29_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="441" data-file-height="395" /></a><figcaption>Connecticut governor <a href="/wiki/Dannel_Malloy" title="Dannel Malloy">Dannel Malloy</a> discusses the hurricane on the phone with President Obama on October 28 from the State Emergency Operations Center</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> Governor <a href="/wiki/Deval_Patrick" title="Deval Patrick">Deval Patrick</a> ordered state offices to be closed October 29 and recommended schools and private businesses close. On October 28, President Obama issued a Pre-Landfall Emergency Declaration for Massachusetts. Several shelters were opened, and many schools were closed.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Transportation_Authority" title="Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority">Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority</a> shut down all services on the afternoon of October 29.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> On October 28, Vermont Governor <a href="/wiki/Peter_Shumlin" title="Peter Shumlin">Peter Shumlin</a>, New Hampshire Governor <a href="/wiki/John_Lynch_(New_Hampshire_governor)" title="John Lynch (New Hampshire governor)">John Lynch</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a>'s Governor <a href="/wiki/Paul_LePage" title="Paul LePage">Paul LePage</a> all declared states of emergency.<a href="#cite_note-bigstory.ap.org-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Appalachia_and_the_Midwest">Appalachia and the Midwest</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sandy_2012_snowfall.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Sandy_2012_snowfall.gif/220px-Sandy_2012_snowfall.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Sandy_2012_snowfall.gif/330px-Sandy_2012_snowfall.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Sandy_2012_snowfall.gif/440px-Sandy_2012_snowfall.gif 2x" data-file-width="1010" data-file-height="933" /></a><figcaption>Snowfall totals in the Appalachian mountain range (amount in inches)</figcaption></figure> The National Weather Service issued a storm warning for <a href="/wiki/Lake_Huron" title="Lake Huron">Lake Huron</a> on October 29 that called for wave heights of 26 feet (7.9 m), and possibly as high as 38 feet (12 m). <a href="/wiki/Lake_Michigan" title="Lake Michigan">Lake Michigan</a> waves were expected to reach 19 feet (5.8 m), with a potential of 33 feet (10 m) on October 30.<a href="#cite_note-Michigan-134">[134]</a> Flood warnings were issued in <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a> on October 29, where wave heights were expected to reach 18 to 23 feet (5.5 to 7.0 m) in <a href="/wiki/Cook_County,_Illinois" title="Cook County, Illinois">Cook County</a> and 25 feet (7.6 m) in northwest <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a>.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> Gale warnings were issued for Lake Michigan and <a href="/wiki/Green_Bay_(Lake_Michigan)" title="Green Bay (Lake Michigan)">Green Bay</a> in Wisconsin until the morning of October 31, and waves of 33 feet (10 m) in <a href="/wiki/Milwaukee" title="Milwaukee">Milwaukee</a> and 20 feet (6.1 m) in <a href="/wiki/Sheboygan,_Wisconsin" title="Sheboygan, Wisconsin">Sheboygan</a> were predicted for October 30.<a href="#cite_note-GBPG-136">[136]</a> The actual waves reached about 20 feet (6.1 m) but were less damaging than expected.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-postcrescent-138">[138]</a> The village of <a href="/wiki/Pleasant_Prairie,_Wisconsin" title="Pleasant Prairie, Wisconsin">Pleasant Prairie, Wisconsin</a> urged a voluntary evacuation of its lakefront area, though few residents signed up, and little flooding actually occurred.<a href="#cite_note-GBPG-136">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-postcrescent-138">[138]</a> <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a> was impacted by a winter storm system coming in from the west, mixing with cold air streams from the <a href="/wiki/Arctic" title="Arctic">Arctic</a> and colliding with Hurricane Sandy.<a href="#cite_note-Michigan-134">[134]</a> The forecasts slowed shipping traffic on the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a>, as some vessels sought shelter away from the peak winds, except those on Lake Superior.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a>-based <a href="/wiki/DTE_Energy" title="DTE Energy">DTE Energy</a> released 100 contract line workers to assist utilities along the eastern U.S. with storm response, and <a href="/wiki/Consumers_Energy" title="Consumers Energy">Consumers Energy</a> did the same with more than a dozen employees and 120 contract employees.<a href="#cite_note-wxyz-141">[141]</a> Due to the widespread power outages, numerous schools had to close, especially in St. Clair County and areas along Lake Huron north of Metro Detroit.<a href="#cite_note-clickondetroit-142">[142]</a> As far as Ohio's western edge, areas were under a wind advisory.<a href="#cite_note-whiotvwind-143">[143]</a> All departing flights at <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Hopkins_International_Airport" title="Cleveland Hopkins International Airport">Cleveland Hopkins International Airport</a> were canceled until October 30 at 3 p.m.<a href="#cite_note-Hopkins_flights_canceled-144">[144]</a> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_West_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of West Virginia">Governor of West Virginia</a> <a href="/wiki/Earl_Ray_Tomblin" title="Earl Ray Tomblin">Earl Ray Tomblin</a> declared a state of emergency ahead of storm on October 29.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> Up to 2 to 3 feet (0.61 to 0.91 m) of snow was forecast for mountainous areas of the state.<a href="#cite_note-washingtonpost1-146">[146]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Great_Smoky_Mountains_National_Park" title="Great Smoky Mountains National Park">Great Smoky Mountains National Park</a>, in Tennessee, several inches of snow led to the closure of a major route through the park on Sunday, October 28, and again, after a brief reopening, on Monday, October 29, 2012.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canada">Canada</h3></div> The <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Hurricane_Centre" title="Canadian Hurricane Centre">Canadian Hurricane Centre</a> issued its first preliminary statement for Hurricane Sandy on October 25 from <a href="/wiki/Southern_Ontario" title="Southern Ontario">Southern Ontario</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Maritimes" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Maritimes">Canadian Maritimes</a>,<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> with the potential for heavy rain and strong winds.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> On October 29, <a href="/wiki/Environment_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Environment Canada">Environment Canada</a> issued severe wind warnings for the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a> and <a href="/wiki/St._Lawrence_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Lawrence Valley">St. Lawrence Valley</a> corridor, from Southwestern Ontario as far as Quebec City.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> On October 30, Environment Canada issued storm surge warnings along the mouth of the St. Lawrence River.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> Rainfall warnings were issued for the <a href="/wiki/Charlevoix" title="Charlevoix">Charlevoix</a> region in Quebec, as well as for several counties in <a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a>, where about 2 to 3 inches (51 to 76 mm) of rain was to be expected.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> Freezing rain warnings were issued for parts of <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ontario" title="Northern Ontario">Northern Ontario</a>.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> <table class="wikitable collapsible" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"> <caption>Summary of <a href="/wiki/Tropical_cyclone_warnings_and_watches" title="Tropical cyclone warnings and watches">tropical cyclone warnings and watches</a> associated with Hurricane Sandy </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Date </th> <th scope="col">Time </th> <th scope="col">Warning type </th> <th scope="col" style="text-align:center;">Areas </th></tr> <tr> <td>October 22 </td> <td>15:00 UTC </td> <td style="background-color:#FFFFD9">Tropical Storm Watch </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="10">October 23 </td> <td rowspan="3">09:00 UTC </td> <td style="background-color:#FF9E59">Tropical Storm Warning </td> <td>Jamaica </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF738A">Hurricane Watch </td> <td>Jamaica </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFFFD9">Tropical Storm Watch </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">15:00 UTC </td> <td style="background-color:#A188FC">Hurricane Warning </td> <td>Jamaica </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFFFD9">Tropical Storm Watch </td> <td>Southeastern and Central <a href="/wiki/Bahamas" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahamas">Bahamas</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#C0C0C0">Hurricane Watch discontinued </td> <td>Jamaica </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF738A">Hurricane Watch </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Camag%C3%BCey" title="Camagüey">Camagüey</a> to <a href="/wiki/Guant%C3%A1namo,_Cuba" class="mw-redirect" title="Guantánamo, Cuba">Guantánamo, Cuba</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>18:00 UTC </td> <td style="background-color:#FF9E59">Tropical Storm Warning </td> <td>Haiti </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">21:00 UTC </td> <td style="background-color:#A188FC">Hurricane Warning </td> <td>Camagüey to Guantánamo, Cuba </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFFFD9">Tropical Storm Watch </td> <td>Northwestern Bahamas </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11">October 24 </td> <td>03:00 UTC </td> <td style="background-color:#FF9E59">Tropical Storm Warning </td> <td>Central Bahamas </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">09:00 UTC </td> <td style="background-color:#FFFFD9">Tropical Storm Watch </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jupiter_Inlet" title="Jupiter Inlet">Jupiter Inlet</a> to Ocean Reef, Florida </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFFFD9">Tropical Storm Watch </td> <td>Ocean Reef to <a href="/wiki/Craig_Key,_Florida" class="mw-redirect" title="Craig Key, Florida">Craig Key, Florida</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12:00 UTC </td> <td style="background-color:#FF9E59">Tropical Storm Warning </td> <td>Northwestern Bahamas </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">15:00 UTC </td> <td style="background-color:#FFFFD9">Tropical Storm Watch </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Volusia_County,_Florida" title="Volusia County, Florida">Volusia</a>/<a href="/wiki/Brevard_County,_Florida" title="Brevard County, Florida">Brevard County</a> Line to Ocean Reef, Florida </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF738A">Hurricane Watch </td> <td>Central and Northwestern Bahamas </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5">21:00 UTC </td> <td style="background-color:#A188FC">Hurricane Warning </td> <td>Central and Northwestern Bahamas </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFFFD9">Tropical Storm Watch </td> <td>Ocean Reef to Craig Key, Florida </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFFFD9">Tropical Storm Watch </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sebastian_Inlet" title="Sebastian Inlet">Sebastian Inlet</a> to <a href="/wiki/Flagler_Beach,_Florida" title="Flagler Beach, Florida">Flagler Beach, Florida</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF9E59">Tropical Storm Warning </td> <td>Ocean Reef to Sebastian Inlet, Florida </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#C0C0C0">Hurricane Watch discontinued </td> <td>All </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="8">October 25 </td> <td rowspan="3">03:00 UTC </td> <td style="background-color:#FF9E59">Tropical Storm Warning </td> <td>Southeastern Bahamas </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF9E59">Tropical Storm Warning </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lake_Okeechobee" title="Lake Okeechobee">Lake Okeechobee</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#A188FC">Hurricane Warning </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ragged_Island,_Bahamas" title="Ragged Island, Bahamas">Ragged Island, Bahamas</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">09:00 UTC </td> <td style="background-color:#FFFFD9">Tropical Storm Watch </td> <td>Flagler Beach to <a href="/wiki/Fernandina_Beach,_Florida" title="Fernandina Beach, Florida">Fernandina Beach, Florida</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF9E59">Tropical Storm Warning </td> <td>Ocean Reef to Flagler Beach, Florida </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#C0C0C0">Hurricane Warning discontinued </td> <td>Jamaica </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">15:00 UTC </td> <td style="background-color:#C0C0C0">Tropical Storm Warning discontinued </td> <td>Haiti </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#C0C0C0">Hurricane Warning discontinued </td> <td>Camagüey to Guantánamo, Cuba </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="18">October 26 </td> <td rowspan="4">03:00 UTC </td> <td style="background-color:#FF9E59">Tropical Storm Warning </td> <td>Central Bahamas </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#C0C0C0">Tropical Storm Warning discontinued </td> <td>Southeastern Bahamas </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#C0C0C0">Hurricane Warning discontinued </td> <td>Ragged Island, Bahamas </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#A188FC">Hurricane Warning </td> <td>Northwestern Bahamas </td></tr> <tr> <td>06:00 UTC </td> <td style="background-color:#FF9E59">Tropical Storm Warning </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Andros_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Andros Island">Andros Island</a>, Bahamas </td></tr> <tr> <td>09:00 UTC </td> <td style="background-color:#FFFFD9">Tropical Storm Watch </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Savannah_River" title="Savannah River">Savannah River</a>, Georgia/South Carolina to <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Inlet" title="Oregon Inlet">Oregon Inlet</a>, North Carolina </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5">15:00 UTC </td> <td style="background-color:#FF9E59">Tropical Storm Warning </td> <td>Northwestern Bahamas except <a href="/wiki/Great_Abaco" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Abaco">Great Abaco</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grand_Bahama_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Bahama Island">Grand Bahama Island</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#C0C0C0">Tropical Storm Warning discontinued </td> <td>Ocean Reef to Craig Key, Florida </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFFFD9">Tropical Storm Watch </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#C0C0C0">Tropical Storm Warning discontinued </td> <td>Central Bahamas and Andros Island </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF9E59">Tropical Storm Warning </td> <td>Great Abaco to Grand Bahama Island </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">18:00 UTC </td> <td style="background-color:#FF9E59">Tropical Storm Warning </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Deerfield_Beach,_Florida" title="Deerfield Beach, Florida">Deerfield Beach</a> to Flagler Beach, Florida </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#C0C0C0">Tropical Storm Warning discontinued </td> <td>Northwestern Bahamas except Great Abaco and Grand Bahama Island </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5">21:00 UTC </td> <td style="background-color:#FFFFD9">Tropical Storm Watch </td> <td><a href="/wiki/St._Augustine,_Florida" title="St. Augustine, Florida">St. Augustine</a> to Fernandina Beach, Florida </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFFFD9">Tropical Storm Watch </td> <td>Savannah River, Georgia/South Carolina to <a href="/wiki/South_Santee_River" class="mw-redirect" title="South Santee River">South Santee River</a>, South Carolina </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF9E59">Tropical Storm Warning </td> <td>Deerfield Beach to St. Augustine, Florida </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#C0C0C0">Tropical Storm Warning discontinued </td> <td>Lake Okeechobee </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF9E59">Tropical Storm Warning </td> <td>South Santee River, South Carolina to <a href="/wiki/Duck,_North_Carolina" title="Duck, North Carolina">Duck, North Carolina</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="6">October 27 </td> <td>00:00 UTC </td> <td style="background-color:#FF9E59">Tropical Storm Warning </td> <td>Jupiter Inlet to St. Augustine, Florida </td></tr> <tr> <td>09:00 UTC </td> <td style="background-color:#FF9E59">Tropical Storm Warning </td> <td>Sebastian Inlet to St. Augustine, Florida </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">15:00 UTC </td> <td style="background-color:#C0C0C0">Tropical Storm Watch discontinued </td> <td>St. Augustine to Fernandina Beach, Florida </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#C0C0C0">Tropical Storm Warning discontinued </td> <td>Sebastian Inlet to St. Augustine, Florida </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">21:00 UTC </td> <td style="background-color:#FF9E59">Tropical Storm Warning </td> <td>Bermuda </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#C0C0C0">Tropical Storm Warning discontinued </td> <td>Great Abaco and Grand Bahama Island </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">October 28 </td> <td>03:00 UTC </td> <td style="background-color:#C0C0C0">Tropical Storm Watch discontinued </td> <td>All </td></tr> <tr> <td>09:00 UTC </td> <td style="background-color:#FF9E59">Tropical Storm Warning </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cape_Fear_(region)" title="Cape Fear (region)">Cape Fear</a> to Duck, North Carolina </td></tr> <tr> <td>21:00 UTC </td> <td style="background-color:#FF9E59">Tropical Storm Warning </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Surf_City,_North_Carolina" title="Surf City, North Carolina">Surf City</a> to Duck, North Carolina </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">October 29 </td> <td>15:00 UTC </td> <td style="background-color:#C0C0C0">Tropical Storm Warning discontinued </td> <td>Bermuda </td></tr> <tr> <td>21:00 UTC </td> <td style="background-color:#C0C0C0">Tropical Storm Warning discontinued </td> <td>All </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Impact">Impact</h2></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" align="right" style="margin:0 0 0.5em 1em"> <caption>Deaths and damage by country </caption> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <th rowspan="2">Country </th> <th colspan="4">Fatalities </th> <th rowspan="2">Damage 2012 (USD) </th> <th rowspan="2" class="unsortable">Ref(s) </th></tr> <tr> <th>Total </th> <th>Direct </th> <th>Indirect </th> <th>N/A </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>Minimal </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-SandyTCR-8">[8]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">The Bahamas</a> </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>$700 million </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Diakakis_et_al_2013-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-WP_Deaths-156">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-Tribune242-157">[157]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td scope="row">Canada </td> <td>2 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>$100 million </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-debris-158">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-ca.finance.yahoo.com-160">[160]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> </td> <td>11 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>$2 billion </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Diakakis_et_al_2013-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-WP_Deaths-156">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-CubaDamage-161">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-HavanaTimes-162">[162]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a> </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>$30 million </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Diakakis_et_al_2013-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-WP_Deaths-156">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a> </td> <td>75 </td> <td>20 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>55 </td> <td>$750 million </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-SacBee-164">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-HaitiCholera-166">[166]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a> </td> <td>2 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>$100 million </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Diakakis_et_al_2013-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-WP_Deaths-156">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-Stabroek_damage-167">[167]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td scope="row">United States </td> <td>158 </td> <td>72 </td> <td>85 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>$65 billion </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-SandyTCR-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-costliest-15">[15]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td scope="row">U.S. offshore </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-SandyTCR-8">[8]</a> </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <th>Totals:</th> <th>254</th> <th>106</th> <th>87</th> <th>56</th> <th>$68.7 billion</th> <th> </th></tr></tbody></table> A total of 254 people were killed across the United States, the Caribbean, and Canada, as a result of the storm.<a href="#cite_note-Guardian_Deaths-168">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-usnews.nbcnews-170">[170]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Caribbean">Caribbean</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Effects_of_Hurricane_Sandy_in_the_Greater_Antilles" title="Effects of Hurricane Sandy in the Greater Antilles">Effects of Hurricane Sandy in the Greater Antilles</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Jamaica">Jamaica</h4></div> Jamaica was the first country directly affected by Sandy, which was also the first hurricane to make landfall on the island since <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Gilbert" title="Hurricane Gilbert">Hurricane Gilbert</a>, which struck the island in <a href="/wiki/1988_Atlantic_hurricane_season" title="1988 Atlantic hurricane season">1988</a>. Trees and power lines were snapped and shanty houses were heavily damaged, both from the winds and flooding rains. More than 100 fishermen were stranded in outlying <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Cays" class="mw-redirect" title="Pedro Cays">Pedro Cays</a> off Jamaica's southern coast.<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> Stones falling from a hillside crushed one man to death as he tried to get into his house in a rural village near Kingston.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> After 6 days another fatality recorded as a 27-year-old man, died due to electrocution, attempting a repair.<a href="#cite_note-Diakakis_et_al_2013-6">[6]</a> The country's sole electricity provider, the Jamaica Public Service Company, reported that 70 percent of its customers were without power. More than 1,000 people went to shelters. Jamaican authorities closed the island's international airports, and police ordered 48-hour curfews in major towns to keep people off the streets and deter looting.<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> Most buildings in the eastern portion of the island lost their roofs.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-174">[174]</a> Damage was assessed at approximately $100 million throughout the country.<a href="#cite_note-SandyTCR-8">[8]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hispaniola">Hispaniola</h4></div> In Haiti, which was still recovering from both the <a href="/wiki/2010_Haiti_earthquake" title="2010 Haiti earthquake">2010 earthquake</a> and the <a href="/wiki/2010%E2%80%932011_Haiti_cholera_outbreak" class="mw-redirect" title="2010–2011 Haiti cholera outbreak">2010s cholera outbreak</a>, a total of 75 people died,<a href="#cite_note-WAVY_deaths-175">[175]</a> and approximately 200,000 were left homeless as a result of four days of ongoing rain from Hurricane Sandy.<a href="#cite_note-charles1-176">[176]</a> Heavy damage occurred in <a href="/wiki/Port-Salut" title="Port-Salut">Port-Salut</a> after rivers overflowed their banks.<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> In the capital of <a href="/wiki/Port-au-Prince" title="Port-au-Prince">Port-au-Prince</a>, streets were flooded by the heavy rains, and it was reported that "the whole south of the country is underwater".<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> Most of the tents and buildings in the city's sprawling refugee camps and the <a href="/wiki/Cit%C3%A9_Soleil" title="Cité Soleil">Cité Soleil</a> neighborhood were flooded or leaking, a repeat of what happened earlier in the year during the passage of <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Isaac_(2012)" title="Hurricane Isaac (2012)">Hurricane Isaac</a>.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-174">[174]</a> Crops were also wiped out by the storm and the country would be making an appeal for emergency aid.<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> Damage in Haiti was estimated at $750 million (2012 USD), making it the costliest tropical cyclone in Haitian history.<a href="#cite_note-SacBee-164">[164]</a> In the month following Sandy, a resurgence of <a href="/wiki/Cholera" title="Cholera">cholera</a> linked to the storm killed at least 44 people and infected more than 5,000 others.<a href="#cite_note-HaitiCholera-166">[166]</a> In the neighboring <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a>, two people were killed and 30,000 people evacuated.<a href="#cite_note-WP_Deaths-156">[156]</a> An employee of <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a> estimated 70% of the streets in <a href="/wiki/Santo_Domingo" title="Santo Domingo">Santo Domingo</a> were flooded.<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> One person was killed in <a href="/wiki/Juana_D%C3%ADaz,_Puerto_Rico" title="Juana Díaz, Puerto Rico">Juana Díaz, Puerto Rico</a> after being swept away by a swollen river.<a href="#cite_note-WP_Deaths-156">[156]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cuba">Cuba</h4></div> <table class="wikitable" align="right" style="margin:0 0 0.5em 1em;"> <caption>Costliest Cuban hurricanes </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Rank </th> <th>Hurricane </th> <th>Season </th> <th>Damage </th> <th>Refs </th></tr> <tr> <th>1 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Irma" title="Hurricane Irma">Irma</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2017_Atlantic_hurricane_season" title="2017 Atlantic hurricane season">2017</a> </td> <td>$13.2 billion </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Efe-181">[181]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>2 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Ike" title="Hurricane Ike">Ike</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_Atlantic_hurricane_season" title="2008 Atlantic hurricane season">2008</a> </td> <td>$7.3 billion </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-2008_AHS-182">[182]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>3 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Matthew" title="Hurricane Matthew">Matthew</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2016_Atlantic_hurricane_season" title="2016 Atlantic hurricane season">2016</a> </td> <td>$2.58 billion </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-CubaSi-183">[183]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>4 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Gustav" title="Hurricane Gustav">Gustav</a> </td> <td>2008 </td> <td>$2.1 billion </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-2008_AHS-182">[182]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">5 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Michelle" title="Hurricane Michelle">Michelle</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2001_Atlantic_hurricane_season" title="2001 Atlantic hurricane season">2001</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">$2 billion </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-cubdam-184">[184]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sandy</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2012_Atlantic_hurricane_season" title="2012 Atlantic hurricane season">2012</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>7 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Dennis" title="Hurricane Dennis">Dennis</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2005_Atlantic_hurricane_season" title="2005 Atlantic hurricane season">2005</a> </td> <td>$1.5 billion </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-CUBARAIN-186">[186]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>8 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Ivan" title="Hurricane Ivan">Ivan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2004_Atlantic_hurricane_season" title="2004 Atlantic hurricane season">2004</a> </td> <td>$1.2 billion </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-WMO_2005-187">[187]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>9 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Charley" title="Hurricane Charley">Charley</a> </td> <td>2004 </td> <td>$923 million </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-WMO_2005-187">[187]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>10 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Wilma" title="Hurricane Wilma">Wilma</a> </td> <td>2005 </td> <td>$700 million </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-ReliefWeb-2006-24-188">[188]</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_DVIDSHUB_-_Hurricane_Sandy_hits_Guantanamo_Bay_(Image_1_of_3).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flickr_-_DVIDSHUB_-_Hurricane_Sandy_hits_Guantanamo_Bay_%28Image_1_of_3%29.jpg/220px-Flickr_-_DVIDSHUB_-_Hurricane_Sandy_hits_Guantanamo_Bay_%28Image_1_of_3%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flickr_-_DVIDSHUB_-_Hurricane_Sandy_hits_Guantanamo_Bay_%28Image_1_of_3%29.jpg/330px-Flickr_-_DVIDSHUB_-_Hurricane_Sandy_hits_Guantanamo_Bay_%28Image_1_of_3%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flickr_-_DVIDSHUB_-_Hurricane_Sandy_hits_Guantanamo_Bay_%28Image_1_of_3%29.jpg/440px-Flickr_-_DVIDSHUB_-_Hurricane_Sandy_hits_Guantanamo_Bay_%28Image_1_of_3%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Hurricane Sandy damage in Guantanamo Bay</figcaption></figure> At least 55,000 people were evacuated before Hurricane Sandy's arrival.<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> While moving ashore, the storm produced waves up to 29 feet (8.8 metres) and a 6-foot (1.8-metre) storm surge that caused extensive coastal flooding.<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> There was widespread damage, particularly to Santiago de Cuba where 132,733 homes were damaged, of which 15,322 were destroyed and 43,426 lost their roof.<a href="#cite_note-CubaDamage-161">[161]</a> Electricity and water services were knocked out, and most of the trees in the city were damaged. Total losses throughout Santiago de Cuba province is estimated as high as $2 billion.<a href="#cite_note-HavanaTimes-162">[162]</a> Sandy killed 11 people in the country – nine in <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Cuba_Province" title="Santiago de Cuba Province">Santiago de Cuba Province</a> and two in <a href="/wiki/Guant%C3%A1namo_Province" title="Guantánamo Province">Guantánamo Province</a>; most of the victims were trapped in destroyed houses.<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a> This makes Sandy the deadliest hurricane to hit Cuba since 2005, when <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Dennis" title="Hurricane Dennis">Hurricane Dennis</a> killed 16 people.<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bahamas">Bahamas</h4></div> A <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">NOAA</a> automated station at <a href="/wiki/West_End,_Grand_Bahama" class="mw-redirect" title="West End, Grand Bahama">Settlement Point</a> on <a href="/wiki/Grand_Bahama_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Bahama Island">Grand Bahama Island</a> reported sustained winds of 49 mph (79 km/h) and a wind gust of 63 mph (101 km/h).<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> One person died from falling off his roof while attempting to fix a window shutter in the Lyford Cay area on New Providence. Another died in the Queen's Cove area on Grand Bahama Island where he drowned after the sea surge trapped him in his apartment.<a href="#cite_note-WP_Deaths-156">[156]</a> Portions of the Bahamas lost power or cellular service, including an islandwide power outage on <a href="/wiki/Bimini" title="Bimini">Bimini</a>. Five homes were severely damaged near Williams's Town.<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> Overall damage in the Bahamas was about $700 million, with the most severe damage on <a href="/wiki/Cat_Island_(Bahamas)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cat Island (Bahamas)">Cat Island</a> and <a href="/wiki/Exuma" title="Exuma">Exuma</a> where many houses were heavily damaged by wind and storm surge.<a href="#cite_note-Tribune242-157">[157]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bermuda">Bermuda</h3></div> Owing to the sheer size of the storm, Sandy also impacted Bermuda with high winds and heavy rains. On October 28, a weak <a href="/wiki/Fujita_Scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Fujita Scale">F0</a> tornado touched down in <a href="/wiki/Sandys_Parish" title="Sandys Parish">Sandys Parish</a>, damaging homes and businesses.<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> During a three-day span, the storm produced 0.98 in (25 mm) of rain at the <a href="/wiki/L.F._Wade_International_Airport" title="L.F. Wade International Airport">L.F. Wade International Airport</a>. The strongest winds were recorded on October 29: sustained winds reached 37 mph (60 km/h) and gusts peaked at 58 mph (93 km/h), which produced scattered minor damage.<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States_2">United States</h3></div> <table class="wikitable" align="right" style="margin:0 0 0.5em 1em;"> <caption><a href="/wiki/List_of_costliest_Atlantic_hurricanes" title="List of costliest Atlantic hurricanes">Costliest U.S. Atlantic hurricanes</a><a href="#cite_note-Costliest_TC's-198">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a><a href="#cite_note-Color-200">[nb 1]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" class="unsortable">Rank </th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable">Hurricane </th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable">Season </th> <th scope="col">Damage </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" rowspan="2">1 </th> <td scope="row"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"> 3  <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Katrina" title="Hurricane Katrina">Katrina</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2005_Atlantic_hurricane_season" title="2005 Atlantic hurricane season">2005</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">$125 billion </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"> 4  <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Harvey" title="Hurricane Harvey">Harvey</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2017_Atlantic_hurricane_season" title="2017 Atlantic hurricane season">2017</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>3 </th> <td scope="row"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"> 4  <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Ian" title="Hurricane Ian">Ian</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2022_Atlantic_hurricane_season" title="2022 Atlantic hurricane season">2022</a> </td> <td>$113 billion </td></tr> <tr> <th>4 </th> <td scope="row"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"> 4  <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Maria" title="Hurricane Maria">Maria</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2017_Atlantic_hurricane_season" title="2017 Atlantic hurricane season">2017</a> </td> <td>$90 billion </td></tr> <tr> <th>5 </th> <td scope="row"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"> 4  <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Helene" title="Hurricane Helene">Helene</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2024_Atlantic_hurricane_season" title="2024 Atlantic hurricane season">2024</a> </td> <td>$89.2 billion </td></tr> <tr> <th>6 </th> <td scope="row"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"> 3  <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Milton" title="Hurricane Milton">Milton</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2024_Atlantic_hurricane_season" title="2024 Atlantic hurricane season">2024</a> </td> <td>$85 billion </td></tr> <tr> <th>7 </th> <td scope="row"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"> 4  <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Ida" title="Hurricane Ida">Ida</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2021_Atlantic_hurricane_season" title="2021 Atlantic hurricane season">2021</a> </td> <td>$75 billion </td></tr> <tr> <th>8 </th> <td scope="row"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"> ET  <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sandy</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2012_Atlantic_hurricane_season" title="2012 Atlantic hurricane season">2012</a> </td> <td>$65 billion </td></tr> <tr> <th>9 </th> <td scope="row"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"> 4  <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Irma" title="Hurricane Irma">Irma</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2017_Atlantic_hurricane_season" title="2017 Atlantic hurricane season">2017</a> </td> <td>$52.1 billion </td></tr> <tr> <th>10 </th> <td scope="row"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"> 2  <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Ike" title="Hurricane Ike">Ike</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_Atlantic_hurricane_season" title="2008 Atlantic hurricane season">2008</a> </td> <td>$30 billion </td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hurricane_Sandy_New_Jersey_Pier.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Hurricane_Sandy_New_Jersey_Pier.jpg/220px-Hurricane_Sandy_New_Jersey_Pier.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Hurricane_Sandy_New_Jersey_Pier.jpg/330px-Hurricane_Sandy_New_Jersey_Pier.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Hurricane_Sandy_New_Jersey_Pier.jpg/440px-Hurricane_Sandy_New_Jersey_Pier.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1366" /></a><figcaption>Damage to <a href="/wiki/Casino_Pier" title="Casino Pier">Casino Pier</a> in <a href="/wiki/Seaside_Heights,_New_Jersey" title="Seaside Heights, New Jersey">Seaside Heights</a>, New Jersey</figcaption></figure> A total of 24 <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">U.S. states</a> were in some way affected by Sandy. The hurricane caused tens of billions of dollars in damage in the United States, destroyed thousands of homes, left millions without electric service,<a href="#cite_note-201">[200]</a> and caused 71 direct deaths in nine states, including 49 in New York, 10 in New Jersey, 3 in Connecticut, 2 each in Pennsylvania and Maryland, and 1 each in New Hampshire, Virginia and West Virginia.<a href="#cite_note-Diakakis_et_al_2013-6">[6]</a> There were also 2 direct deaths from Sandy in U.S. coastal waters in the Atlantic Ocean, about 90 miles (140 km) off the North Carolina coast, which are not counted in the U.S. total. In addition, the storm resulted in 87 indirect deaths.<a href="#cite_note-SandyTCR-8">[8]</a> In all, a total of 160 people were killed due to the storm, making Sandy the deadliest hurricane to hit the United States mainland since <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Katrina" title="Hurricane Katrina">Hurricane Katrina</a> in 2005 and the deadliest to hit the <a href="/wiki/East_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="East Coast of the United States">U.S. East Coast</a> since <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Agnes" title="Hurricane Agnes">Hurricane Agnes</a> in 1972.<a href="#cite_note-202">[201]</a> Due to flooding and other storm-related problems, <a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a> canceled all <a href="/wiki/Acela_Express" class="mw-redirect" title="Acela Express">Acela Express</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northeast_Regional" title="Northeast Regional">Northeast Regional</a>, <a href="/wiki/Keystone_Service" title="Keystone Service">Keystone</a>, and Shuttle services for October 29 and 30.<a href="#cite_note-203">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-204">[203]</a> More than 13,000 flights were canceled across the U.S. on October 29, and more than 3,500 were called off October 30.<a href="#cite_note-msnbc-205">[204]</a> From October 27 through early November 1, airlines canceled a total of 19,729 flights, according to <a href="/wiki/FlightAware" title="FlightAware">FlightAware</a>.<a href="#cite_note-206">[205]</a> On October 31, over 6 million customers were still without power in 15 states and the <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="District of Columbia">District of Columbia</a>. The states with the most customers without power were <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a> with 2,040,195 customers; <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> with 1,933,147; <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> with 852,458; and <a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a> with 486,927.<a href="#cite_note-SandySitRpt6-207">[206]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sandy_2012_rainfall.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Sandy_2012_rainfall.gif/170px-Sandy_2012_rainfall.gif" decoding="async" width="170" height="321" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Sandy_2012_rainfall.gif/255px-Sandy_2012_rainfall.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Sandy_2012_rainfall.gif/340px-Sandy_2012_rainfall.gif 2x" data-file-width="723" data-file-height="1364" /></a><figcaption>Storm total rainfall for Sandy (2012) across the United States</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">New York Stock Exchange</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nasdaq" title="Nasdaq">Nasdaq</a> reopened on October 31 after a two-day closure for the storm.<a href="#cite_note-ABC_News-208">[207]</a> More than 1,500 FEMA personnel were along the East Coast working to support disaster preparedness and response operations, including search and rescue, situational awareness, communications and logistical support. In addition, 28 teams containing 294 FEMA Corps members were pre-staged to support Sandy responders. Three federal urban search and rescue task forces were positioned in the Mid-Atlantic and ready to deploy as needed.<a href="#cite_note-ens-newswire-209">[208]</a> <a href="/wiki/Direct_Relief" title="Direct Relief">Direct Relief</a> provided medical supplies to community clinics, non-profit health centers, and other groups in areas affected by Hurricane Sandy, and mapped pharmacies, gas stations, and other facilities that remained in the New York City area despite power outages.<a href="#cite_note-210">[209]</a> On November 2, the <a href="/wiki/American_Red_Cross" title="American Red Cross">American Red Cross</a> announced they had 4,000 disaster workers across storm damaged areas, with thousands more en route from other states. Nearly 7,000 people spent the night in emergency shelters across the region.<a href="#cite_note-211">[210]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Sandy:_Coming_Together" title="Hurricane Sandy: Coming Together">Hurricane Sandy: Coming Together</a>, a live telethon on November 2 that featured rock and pop stars such as <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen" title="Bruce Springsteen">Bruce Springsteen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Billy_Joel" title="Billy Joel">Billy Joel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jon_Bon_Jovi" title="Jon Bon Jovi">Jon Bon Jovi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mary_J._Blige" title="Mary J. Blige">Mary J. Blige</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sting_(musician)" title="Sting (musician)">Sting</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Christina_Aguilera" title="Christina Aguilera">Christina Aguilera</a>, raised around $23 million for <a href="/wiki/American_Red_Cross" title="American Red Cross">American Red Cross</a> hurricane relief efforts.<a href="#cite_note-212">[211]</a> At the time, the National Hurricane Center ranked Hurricane Sandy the second-costliest U.S. hurricane since 1900 (in constant 2010 dollars), and the sixth-costliest after adjusting for <a href="/wiki/Inflation" title="Inflation">inflation</a>, population and property values.<a href="#cite_note-NHCStormCost-213">[212]</a> Scientists at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Utah" title="University of Utah">University of Utah</a> reported the energy generated by Sandy was equivalent to "small earthquakes between magnitudes 2 and 3".<a href="#cite_note-214">[213]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Southeast_2">Southeast</h4></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Florida_2">Florida</h5></div> In South Florida, Sandy lashed the area with rough surf, strong winds, and brief squalls. Along the coast of <a href="/wiki/Miami-Dade_County,_Florida" title="Miami-Dade County, Florida">Miami-Dade County</a>, waves reached 10 feet (3.0 m), but may have been as high as 20 feet (6.1 m) in <a href="/wiki/Palm_Beach_County,_Florida" title="Palm Beach County, Florida">Palm Beach County</a>. In the former county, minor pounding occurred on a few coastal roads. Further north in <a href="/wiki/Broward_County,_Florida" title="Broward County, Florida">Broward County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florida_State_Road_A1A" title="Florida State Road A1A">State Road A1A</a> was inundated with sand and water, causing more than a 2 miles (3.2 km) stretch of the road to be closed for the entire weekend. Additionally, coastal flooding extended inland up to 2 blocks in some locations and a few houses in the area suffered water damage. In <a href="/wiki/Manalapan,_Florida" title="Manalapan, Florida">Manalapan</a>, which is located in southern Palm Beach County, several beachfront homes were threatened by erosion. The <a href="/wiki/Lake_Worth,_Florida" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Worth, Florida">Lake Worth</a> Pier was also damaged by rough seas. In Palm Beach County alone, losses reached $14 million.<a href="#cite_note-nwsmiami-215">[214]</a> Sandy caused closures and cancellations of some activities at schools in <a href="/wiki/Palm_Beach_County,_Florida" title="Palm Beach County, Florida">Palm Beach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Broward_County,_Florida" title="Broward County, Florida">Broward</a> and <a href="/wiki/Miami-Dade_County,_Florida" title="Miami-Dade County, Florida">Miami-Dade</a> counties.<a href="#cite_note-216">[215]</a> Storm surge from Sandy also caused flooding and <a href="/wiki/Coastal_erosion" title="Coastal erosion">beach erosion</a> along coastal areas in South Florida.<a href="#cite_note-217">[216]</a> Gusty winds also impacted South Florida, peaking at 67 mph (108 km/h) in <a href="/wiki/Jupiter,_Florida" title="Jupiter, Florida">Jupiter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fowey_Rocks_Light" title="Fowey Rocks Light">Fowey Rocks Light</a>, which is near <a href="/wiki/Key_Biscayne" title="Key Biscayne">Key Biscayne</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nwsmiami-215">[214]</a> The storm created power outages across the region, which left many traffic lights out of order.<a href="#cite_note-218">[217]</a> In east-central Florida, damage was minor, though the storm left about 1,000 people without power.<a href="#cite_note-Orlando-219">[218]</a> Airlines at <a href="/wiki/Miami_International_Airport" title="Miami International Airport">Miami International Airport</a> canceled more than 20 flights to or from <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a> or <a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">the Bahamas</a>, while some airlines flying from <a href="/wiki/Fort_Lauderdale%E2%80%93Hollywood_International_Airport" title="Fort Lauderdale–Hollywood International Airport">Fort Lauderdale–Hollywood International Airport</a> canceled a total of 13 flights to the islands.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-72">[72]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Coast_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a> rescued two sea men in <a href="/wiki/Volusia_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Volusia County">Volusia County</a> off <a href="/wiki/New_Smyrna_Beach" class="mw-redirect" title="New Smyrna Beach">New Smyrna Beach</a> on the morning of October 26.<a href="#cite_note-220">[219]</a> <a href="/wiki/Brevard_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Brevard County">Brevard</a> and Volusia Counties schools canceled all extracurricular activities for October 26, including football.<a href="#cite_note-221">[220]</a> Two <a href="/wiki/Florida_panther" title="Florida panther">panther</a> kittens escaped from the White Oak Conservation Center in Nassau County after the hurricane swept a tree into the fence of their enclosure; they were missing for 24 hours before being found in good health.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="North_Carolina">North Carolina</h5></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:121029-G-ZZ999-002_-_Coast_Guard_rescues_crewmembers_aboard_HMS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/121029-G-ZZ999-002_-_Coast_Guard_rescues_crewmembers_aboard_HMS.jpg/220px-121029-G-ZZ999-002_-_Coast_Guard_rescues_crewmembers_aboard_HMS.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/121029-G-ZZ999-002_-_Coast_Guard_rescues_crewmembers_aboard_HMS.jpg/330px-121029-G-ZZ999-002_-_Coast_Guard_rescues_crewmembers_aboard_HMS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/121029-G-ZZ999-002_-_Coast_Guard_rescues_crewmembers_aboard_HMS.jpg/440px-121029-G-ZZ999-002_-_Coast_Guard_rescues_crewmembers_aboard_HMS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1296" data-file-height="968" /></a><figcaption>The 180-foot (55 m) sailing ship, <a href="/wiki/Bounty_(1960_ship)" title="Bounty (1960 ship)">Bounty</a>, is shown nearly submerged during Hurricane Sandy in the Atlantic Ocean approximately 90 miles (140 km) southeast of Hatteras, North Carolina on Monday, October 29, 2012.</figcaption></figure> On October 28, Governor <a href="/wiki/Bev_Perdue" title="Bev Perdue">Bev Perdue</a> declared a state of emergency in 24 western counties, due to snow and strong winds.<a href="#cite_note-222">[221]</a> <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a> was spared from major damage for the most part (except at the immediate coastline), though winds, rain, and mountain snow affected the state through October 30. <a href="/wiki/Ocracoke,_North_Carolina" title="Ocracoke, North Carolina">Ocracoke</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_Highway_12" title="North Carolina Highway 12">Highway 12</a> on <a href="/wiki/Hatteras_Island" title="Hatteras Island">Hatteras Island</a> were flooded with up to 2 feet (0.6 m) of water, closing part of the highway, while 20 people on a fishing trip were stranded on <a href="/wiki/Portsmouth_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Portsmouth Island">Portsmouth Island</a>.<a href="#cite_note-223">[222]</a> There were three Hurricane Sandy-related deaths in the state.<a href="#cite_note-Diakakis_et_al_2013-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-224">[223]</a> On October 29, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a> responded to a distress call from <a href="/wiki/Bounty_(1960_ship)" title="Bounty (1960 ship)">Bounty</a>, which was built for the 1962 movie <a href="/wiki/Mutiny_on_the_Bounty_(1962_film)" title="Mutiny on the Bounty (1962 film)">Mutiny on the Bounty</a>. It was taking on water about 90 miles (140 km) southeast of <a href="/wiki/Cape_Hatteras" title="Cape Hatteras">Cape Hatteras</a>. Sixteen people were on board.<a href="#cite_note-225">[224]</a> The Coast Guard said the 16 people abandoned ship and got into two lifeboats, wearing survival suits and life jackets.<a href="#cite_note-226">[225]</a> The ship sank after the crew got off.<a href="#cite_note-227">[226]</a> The Coast Guard rescued 14 crew members; another was found hours later but was unresponsive and later died.<a href="#cite_note-bigstory-228">[227]</a> The search for the captain, Robin Walbridge, was suspended on November 1, after efforts lasting more than 90 hours and covering approximately 12,000 <a href="/wiki/Square_nautical_miles" class="mw-redirect" title="Square nautical miles">square nautical miles</a> (41,100 km2).<a href="#cite_note-washingtonpostbountysearchended-229">[228]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mid-Atlantic_2">Mid-Atlantic</h4></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Virginia_2">Virginia</h5></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hurricane_Sandy_hit_Chincoteague_National_Wildlife_Refuge_(VA)_(8141816490).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Hurricane_Sandy_hit_Chincoteague_National_Wildlife_Refuge_%28VA%29_%288141816490%29.jpg/220px-Hurricane_Sandy_hit_Chincoteague_National_Wildlife_Refuge_%28VA%29_%288141816490%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Hurricane_Sandy_hit_Chincoteague_National_Wildlife_Refuge_%28VA%29_%288141816490%29.jpg/330px-Hurricane_Sandy_hit_Chincoteague_National_Wildlife_Refuge_%28VA%29_%288141816490%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Hurricane_Sandy_hit_Chincoteague_National_Wildlife_Refuge_%28VA%29_%288141816490%29.jpg/440px-Hurricane_Sandy_hit_Chincoteague_National_Wildlife_Refuge_%28VA%29_%288141816490%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Damaged road at <a href="/wiki/Chincoteague_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge">Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge</a> on <a href="/wiki/Assateague_Island" title="Assateague Island">Assateague Island</a></figcaption></figure> On October 29, snow was falling in parts of the state.<a href="#cite_note-washingtonpost1-146">[146]</a> <a href="/wiki/Shenandoah_National_Park" title="Shenandoah National Park">Shenandoah National Park</a>, buried under about a foot of snow by October 31, was closed starting October 28, and would remain closed for at least several days.<a href="#cite_note-230">[229]</a><a href="#cite_note-231">[230]</a> The storm resulted in <a href="/wiki/Blacksburg,_Virginia" title="Blacksburg, Virginia">Blacksburg</a> recording its first measurable October snowfall in half a century.<a href="#cite_note-Cardinal-232">[231]</a> Gov. <a href="/wiki/Bob_McDonnell" title="Bob McDonnell">Bob McDonnell</a> announced on October 30 that Virginia had been "spared a significant event", but cited concerns about rivers cresting and consequent flooding of major arteries. Virginia was awarded a federal disaster declaration, with Gov. McDonnell saying he was "delighted" that President Barack Obama and FEMA were on it immediately. At Sandy's peak, more than 180,000 customers were without power, most of whom were located in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Virginia" title="Northern Virginia">Northern Virginia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SandySitRpt6-207">[206]</a><a href="#cite_note-233">[232]</a> There were three Hurricane Sandy-related fatalities in the state.<a href="#cite_note-Diakakis_et_al_2013-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-usnews.nbcnews-170">[170]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Maryland_and_Washington,_D.C.">Maryland and Washington, D.C.</h5></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Effects_of_Hurricane_Sandy_in_Maryland_and_Washington,_D.C." title="Effects of Hurricane Sandy in Maryland and Washington, D.C.">Effects of Hurricane Sandy in Maryland and Washington, D.C.</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hurricane_Sandy_flooding_Crisfield_MD.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Hurricane_Sandy_flooding_Crisfield_MD.jpg/220px-Hurricane_Sandy_flooding_Crisfield_MD.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Hurricane_Sandy_flooding_Crisfield_MD.jpg/330px-Hurricane_Sandy_flooding_Crisfield_MD.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Hurricane_Sandy_flooding_Crisfield_MD.jpg/440px-Hurricane_Sandy_flooding_Crisfield_MD.jpg 2x" data-file-width="675" data-file-height="452" /></a><figcaption>Flooding in <a href="/wiki/Crisfield,_Maryland" title="Crisfield, Maryland">Crisfield, Maryland</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Government">United States Government</a> <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Personnel_Management" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of Personnel Management">Office of Personnel Management</a> were closed on October 30,<a href="#cite_note-234">[233]</a><a href="#cite_note-235">[234]</a> and schools were closed for two days.<a href="#cite_note-236">[235]</a> <a href="/wiki/MARC_train" class="mw-redirect" title="MARC train">MARC train</a> and <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Railway_Express" title="Virginia Railway Express">Virginia Railway Express</a> were closed on October 30, and <a href="/wiki/Washington_Metropolitan_Area_Transit_Authority" title="Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority">Metro</a> rail and bus service were on Sunday schedule, opening at 2 p.m., until the system closes.<a href="#cite_note-wtop-237">[236]</a> At least 100 feet (30 m) of a fishing pier in <a href="/wiki/Ocean_City,_Maryland" title="Ocean City, Maryland">Ocean City</a> was destroyed. Governor Martin O'Malley said the pier was "half-gone".<a href="#cite_note-238">[237]</a> Due to high winds, the <a href="/wiki/Chesapeake_Bay_Bridge" title="Chesapeake Bay Bridge">Chesapeake Bay Bridge</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Millard_E._Tydings_Memorial_Bridge" title="Millard E. Tydings Memorial Bridge">Millard E. Tydings Memorial Bridge</a> on <a href="/wiki/I-95" class="mw-redirect" title="I-95">I-95</a> were closed.<a href="#cite_note-239">[238]</a> During the storm, the Mayor of <a href="/wiki/Salisbury,_Maryland" title="Salisbury, Maryland">Salisbury</a> instituted a Civil Emergency and a curfew.<a href="#cite_note-240">[239]</a> <a href="/wiki/Interstate_68" title="Interstate 68">Interstate 68</a> in far western Maryland and northern <a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a> closed due to heavy snow, stranding multiple vehicles and requiring assistance from the <a href="/wiki/Maryland_National_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="Maryland National Guard">National Guard</a>.<a href="#cite_note-241">[240]</a> <a href="/wiki/Redhouse,_Maryland" title="Redhouse, Maryland">Redhouse, Maryland</a> received 26 inches (66 cm) of snow and <a href="/wiki/Alpine_Lake,_West_Virginia" title="Alpine Lake, West Virginia">Alpine Lake, West Virginia</a> received 24 inches (61 cm).<a href="#cite_note-242">[241]</a> Workers in <a href="/wiki/Howard_County,_Maryland" title="Howard County, Maryland">Howard County</a> tried to stop a sewage overflow caused by a power outage on October 30. Raw sewage spilled at a rate of 2 million gallons per hour. It was unclear how much sewage had flowed into the <a href="/wiki/Little_Patuxent_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Little Patuxent River">Little Patuxent River</a>.<a href="#cite_note-243">[242]</a> Over 311,000 people were left without power as a result of the storm.<a href="#cite_note-SandySitRpt6-207">[206]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Delaware_2">Delaware</h5></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hurricane_Sandy_impacts_Prime_Hook_National_Wildlife_Refuge_(DE).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Hurricane_Sandy_impacts_Prime_Hook_National_Wildlife_Refuge_%28DE%29.jpg/220px-Hurricane_Sandy_impacts_Prime_Hook_National_Wildlife_Refuge_%28DE%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Hurricane_Sandy_impacts_Prime_Hook_National_Wildlife_Refuge_%28DE%29.jpg/330px-Hurricane_Sandy_impacts_Prime_Hook_National_Wildlife_Refuge_%28DE%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Hurricane_Sandy_impacts_Prime_Hook_National_Wildlife_Refuge_%28DE%29.jpg/440px-Hurricane_Sandy_impacts_Prime_Hook_National_Wildlife_Refuge_%28DE%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1143" data-file-height="432" /></a><figcaption>Before and after image of flooding caused by Hurricane Sandy at <a href="/wiki/Prime_Hook_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuge">Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuge</a></figcaption></figure> By the afternoon of October 29, rainfall at <a href="/wiki/Rehoboth_Beach" class="mw-redirect" title="Rehoboth Beach">Rehoboth Beach</a> totaled 6.53 inches (166 mm). Other precipitation reports include nearly 7 inches (180 mm) at <a href="/wiki/Indian_River_Inlet" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian River Inlet">Indian River Inlet</a> and more than 4 inches (100 mm) in <a href="/wiki/Dover,_Delaware" title="Dover, Delaware">Dover</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bear,_Delaware" title="Bear, Delaware">Bear</a>. At 4 p.m. on October 29, <a href="/wiki/Delmarva_Power" title="Delmarva Power">Delmarva Power</a> reported on its website that more than 13,900 customers in Delaware and portions of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Shore_of_Maryland" title="Eastern Shore of Maryland">Eastern Shore of Maryland</a> had lost electric service as high winds brought down trees and power lines. About 3,500 of those were in <a href="/wiki/New_Castle_County,_Delaware" title="New Castle County, Delaware">New Castle County</a>, 2,900 were in <a href="/wiki/Sussex_County,_Delaware" title="Sussex County, Delaware">Sussex</a>, and more than 100 were in <a href="/wiki/Kent_County,_Delaware" title="Kent County, Delaware">Kent County</a>. Some residents in Kent and Sussex Counties experienced power outages that lasted up to nearly six hours. At the peak of the storm, more than 45,000 customers in Delaware were without power.<a href="#cite_note-SandySitRpt6-207">[206]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Delaware_Memorial_Bridge" title="Delaware Memorial Bridge">Delaware Memorial Bridge</a> speed limit was reduced to 25 mph (40 km/h) and the two outer lanes in each direction were closed. Officials planned to close the span entirely if sustained winds exceeded 50 mph (80 km/h). A wind gust of 64 mph (103 km/h) was measured at <a href="/wiki/Lewes,_Delaware" title="Lewes, Delaware">Lewes</a> just before 2:30 p.m. on October 29. <a href="/wiki/Delaware_Route_1" title="Delaware Route 1">Delaware Route 1</a> was closed due to water inundation between <a href="/wiki/Dewey_Beach,_Delaware" title="Dewey Beach, Delaware">Dewey Beach</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fenwick_Island,_Delaware" title="Fenwick Island, Delaware">Fenwick Island</a>. In Dewey Beach, flood waters were 1 to 2 feet (0.30 to 0.61 m) in depth.<a href="#cite_note-244">[243]</a> Following the impact in Delaware, President Barack Obama declared the entire state a <a href="/wiki/Federal_disaster_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal disaster area">federal disaster area</a>, providing money and agencies for disaster relief in the wake of Hurricane Sandy.<a href="#cite_note-245">[244]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="New_Jersey_2">New Jersey</h5></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Effects_of_Hurricane_Sandy_in_New_Jersey" title="Effects of Hurricane Sandy in New Jersey">Effects of Hurricane Sandy in New Jersey</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:121030-F-AL508-081c_Aerial_views_during_an_Army_search_and_rescue_mission_show_damage_from_Hurricane_Sandy_to_the_New_Jersey_coast,_Oct._30,_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/121030-F-AL508-081c_Aerial_views_during_an_Army_search_and_rescue_mission_show_damage_from_Hurricane_Sandy_to_the_New_Jersey_coast%2C_Oct._30%2C_2012.jpg/220px-121030-F-AL508-081c_Aerial_views_during_an_Army_search_and_rescue_mission_show_damage_from_Hurricane_Sandy_to_the_New_Jersey_coast%2C_Oct._30%2C_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/121030-F-AL508-081c_Aerial_views_during_an_Army_search_and_rescue_mission_show_damage_from_Hurricane_Sandy_to_the_New_Jersey_coast%2C_Oct._30%2C_2012.jpg/330px-121030-F-AL508-081c_Aerial_views_during_an_Army_search_and_rescue_mission_show_damage_from_Hurricane_Sandy_to_the_New_Jersey_coast%2C_Oct._30%2C_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/121030-F-AL508-081c_Aerial_views_during_an_Army_search_and_rescue_mission_show_damage_from_Hurricane_Sandy_to_the_New_Jersey_coast%2C_Oct._30%2C_2012.jpg/440px-121030-F-AL508-081c_Aerial_views_during_an_Army_search_and_rescue_mission_show_damage_from_Hurricane_Sandy_to_the_New_Jersey_coast%2C_Oct._30%2C_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5284" data-file-height="3523" /></a><figcaption>Damage to <a href="/wiki/Mantoloking,_New_Jersey" title="Mantoloking, New Jersey">Mantoloking, New Jersey</a></figcaption></figure> A 50-foot (15 m) piece of the Atlantic City Boardwalk washed away. Half the city of <a href="/wiki/Hoboken,_New_Jersey" title="Hoboken, New Jersey">Hoboken</a> flooded; the city of 50,000 had to evacuate two of its fire stations, the EMS headquarters, and the hospital. With the city cut off from area hospitals and fire suppression mutual aid, the city's Mayor asked for <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_National_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="New Jersey National Guard">National Guard</a> help.<a href="#cite_note-bigstory-228">[227]</a> In the early morning of October 30, authorities in <a href="/wiki/Bergen_County,_New_Jersey" title="Bergen County, New Jersey">Bergen County</a>, New Jersey, evacuated residents after a <a href="/wiki/Berm" title="Berm">berm</a> overflowed and flooded several communities. Police Chief of Staff Jeanne Baratta said there were up to five feet (1.5 m) of water in the streets of <a href="/wiki/Moonachie,_New_Jersey" title="Moonachie, New Jersey">Moonachie</a> and <a href="/wiki/Little_Ferry,_New_Jersey" title="Little Ferry, New Jersey">Little Ferry</a>. The state Office of Emergency Management said rescues were undertaken in <a href="/wiki/Carlstadt,_New_Jersey" title="Carlstadt, New Jersey">Carlstadt</a>.<a href="#cite_note-246">[245]</a> Baratta said the three towns had been "devastated" by the flood of water.<a href="#cite_note-247">[246]</a> At the peak of the storm, more than 2,600,000 customers were without power.<a href="#cite_note-SandySitRpt6-207">[206]</a> There were 43 Hurricane Sandy-related deaths in the state of New Jersey.<a href="#cite_note-Diakakis_et_al_2013-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-248">[247]</a> Damage in the state was estimated at $36.8 billion.<a href="#cite_note-249">[248]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Pennsylvania_2">Pennsylvania</h5></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hurricane_Sandy_downed_tree_Kutztown_PA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Hurricane_Sandy_downed_tree_Kutztown_PA.jpg/220px-Hurricane_Sandy_downed_tree_Kutztown_PA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Hurricane_Sandy_downed_tree_Kutztown_PA.jpg/330px-Hurricane_Sandy_downed_tree_Kutztown_PA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Hurricane_Sandy_downed_tree_Kutztown_PA.jpg/440px-Hurricane_Sandy_downed_tree_Kutztown_PA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Downed tree in <a href="/wiki/Kutztown,_Pennsylvania" title="Kutztown, Pennsylvania">Kutztown, Pennsylvania</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> Mayor <a href="/wiki/Michael_Nutter" title="Michael Nutter">Michael Nutter</a> said the city would have no mass transit operations on any lines October 30.<a href="#cite_note-ens-newswire-209">[208]</a> All major highways in and around the city of Philadelphia were closed on October 29 during the hurricane, including <a href="/wiki/Interstate_95_in_Pennsylvania" title="Interstate 95 in Pennsylvania">Interstate 95</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Interstate_476" title="Interstate 476">Blue Route</a> portion of <a href="/wiki/Interstate_476" title="Interstate 476">Interstate 476</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Vine_Street_Expressway" class="mw-redirect" title="Vine Street Expressway">Vine Street Expressway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Schuylkill_Expressway" title="Schuylkill Expressway">Schuylkill Expressway</a> (<a href="/wiki/Interstate_76_(east)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 76 (east)">I-76</a>), and the Roosevelt Expressway; <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_1_in_Pennsylvania" title="U.S. Route 1 in Pennsylvania">U.S. Route 1</a>.<a href="#cite_note-wpvi-250">[249]</a> The highways reopened at 4 a.m. on October 30.<a href="#cite_note-wpvi-250">[249]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Delaware_River_Port_Authority" title="Delaware River Port Authority">Delaware River Port Authority</a> also closed its major crossings over the <a href="/wiki/Delaware_River" title="Delaware River">Delaware River</a> between Pennsylvania and New Jersey due to high winds, including the <a href="/wiki/Commodore_Barry_Bridge" title="Commodore Barry Bridge">Commodore Barry Bridge</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Walt_Whitman_Bridge" title="Walt Whitman Bridge">Walt Whitman Bridge</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin_Bridge" title="Benjamin Franklin Bridge">Benjamin Franklin Bridge</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Betsy_Ross_Bridge" title="Betsy Ross Bridge">Betsy Ross Bridge</a>.<a href="#cite_note-wpvi-250">[249]</a> Trees and powerlines were downed throughout <a href="/wiki/Altoona_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Altoona Pennsylvania">Altoona</a>, and four buildings partially collapsed.<a href="#cite_note-251">[250]</a> The highest wind gust in the state's history was recorded in <a href="/wiki/Allentown,_Pennsylvania" title="Allentown, Pennsylvania">Allentown</a> on late on October 29, where an 81 miles per hour (130 km/h) wind gust occurred.<a href="#cite_note-252">[251]</a> More than 1.2 million were left without power.<a href="#cite_note-bigstory.ap.org-80">[80]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Emergency_Management_Agency" title="Pennsylvania Emergency Management Agency">Pennsylvania Emergency Management Agency</a> reported 14 deaths believed to be related to Sandy.<a href="#cite_note-253">[252]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="New_York_2">New York</h5></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Effects_of_Hurricane_Sandy_in_New_York" title="Effects of Hurricane Sandy in New York">Effects of Hurricane Sandy in New York</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sandy_Poweroutage_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Sandy_Poweroutage_1.jpg/220px-Sandy_Poweroutage_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Sandy_Poweroutage_1.jpg/330px-Sandy_Poweroutage_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Sandy_Poweroutage_1.jpg/440px-Sandy_Poweroutage_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5760" data-file-height="3840" /></a><figcaption>Manhattan suffered a widespread power outage during the storm.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NJ-NY_lights_comparison.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/NJ-NY_lights_comparison.png/220px-NJ-NY_lights_comparison.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/NJ-NY_lights_comparison.png/330px-NJ-NY_lights_comparison.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/NJ-NY_lights_comparison.png/440px-NJ-NY_lights_comparison.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Suomi_NPP" title="Suomi NPP">Suomi NPP</a> satellite imagery showing the power outages in New York and New Jersey on November 1 compared to October 21.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Damage_from_Hurricane_Sandy_to_house_in_Brooklyn,_NY.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Damage_from_Hurricane_Sandy_to_house_in_Brooklyn%2C_NY.jpeg/220px-Damage_from_Hurricane_Sandy_to_house_in_Brooklyn%2C_NY.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Damage_from_Hurricane_Sandy_to_house_in_Brooklyn%2C_NY.jpeg/330px-Damage_from_Hurricane_Sandy_to_house_in_Brooklyn%2C_NY.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Damage_from_Hurricane_Sandy_to_house_in_Brooklyn%2C_NY.jpeg/440px-Damage_from_Hurricane_Sandy_to_house_in_Brooklyn%2C_NY.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="688" data-file-height="912" /></a><figcaption>Damage from Hurricane Sandy to a house in <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn, New York</a>.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/New_York_governor" class="mw-redirect" title="New York governor">New York governor</a> <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Cuomo" title="Andrew Cuomo">Andrew Cuomo</a> called <a href="/wiki/New_York_National_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="New York National Guard">National Guard</a> members to help in the state. Storm impacts in <a href="/wiki/Upstate_New_York" title="Upstate New York">Upstate New York</a> were much more limited than in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>; there was some flooding and a few downed trees.<a href="#cite_note-254">[253]</a> <a href="/wiki/Rochester,_New_York" title="Rochester, New York">Rochester</a> area utilities reported slightly fewer than 19,000 customers without power, in seven counties.<a href="#cite_note-255">[254]</a> In the state as a whole, however, more than 2,000,000 customers were without power at the peak of the storm.<a href="#cite_note-SandySitRpt6-207">[206]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City" title="Mayor of New York City">Mayor of New York City</a> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg">Michael Bloomberg</a> announced that <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> public schools would be closed on Tuesday, October 30 and Wednesday, October 31, but they remained closed through Friday, November 2.<a href="#cite_note-256">[255]</a> The <a href="/wiki/City_University_of_New_York" title="City University of New York">City University of New York</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">New York University</a> canceled all classes and campus activities for October 30.<a href="#cite_note-257">[256]</a> The <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">New York Stock Exchange</a> was closed for trading for two days, the first weather closure of the exchange since 1985.<a href="#cite_note-258">[257]</a> It was also the first two-day weather closure since the <a href="/wiki/Great_Blizzard_of_1888" title="Great Blizzard of 1888">Great Blizzard of 1888</a>.<a href="#cite_note-259">[258]</a> The East River overflowed its banks, flooding large sections of <a href="/wiki/Lower_Manhattan" title="Lower Manhattan">Lower Manhattan</a>. <a href="/wiki/Battery_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Battery Park">Battery Park</a> had a water surge of 13.88 ft.<a href="#cite_note-260">[259]</a> Seven subway tunnels under the <a href="/wiki/East_River" title="East River">East River</a> were flooded.<a href="#cite_note-261">[260]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Transportation_Authority" title="Metropolitan Transportation Authority">Metropolitan Transportation Authority</a> said that the destruction caused by the storm was the worst disaster in the 108-year history of the New York City subway system.<a href="#cite_note-262">[261]</a> Sea water flooded the <a href="/wiki/Hypocenter#World_Trade_Center" title="Hypocenter">Ground Zero</a> construction site including the <a href="/wiki/National_September_11_Memorial_and_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="National September 11 Memorial and Museum">National September 11 Memorial and Museum</a>.<a href="#cite_note-263">[262]</a> Over 10 billion gallons of raw and partially treated sewage were released by the storm, 94% of which went into waters in and around New York and New Jersey.<a href="#cite_note-264">[263]</a> In addition, a four-story Chelsea building's facade crumbled and collapsed, leaving the interior on full display; however, no one was hurt by the falling masonry.<a href="#cite_note-265">[264]</a> The Atlantic Ocean storm surge also caused considerable flood damage to homes, buildings, roadways, boardwalks and mass transit facilities in low-lying coastal areas of the outer boroughs of <a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Staten_Island" title="Staten Island">Staten Island</a>. After receiving many complaints that holding the marathon would divert needed resources, Mayor Bloomberg announced late afternoon November 2 that the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Marathon" title="New York City Marathon">New York City Marathon</a> had been canceled. The event was to take place on Sunday, November 4. Marathon officials said that they did not plan to reschedule.<a href="#cite_note-266">[265]</a> Gas shortages throughout the region led to an effort by the U.S. federal government to bring in gasoline and set up mobile truck distribution at which people could receive up to 10 gallons of gas, free of charge. This caused lines of up to 20 blocks long and was quickly suspended.<a href="#cite_note-267">[266]</a> On Thursday, November 8, Mayor Bloomberg announced <a href="/wiki/Odd-even_rationing" class="mw-redirect" title="Odd-even rationing">odd-even rationing</a> of gasoline would be in effect beginning November 9 until further notice.<a href="#cite_note-268">[267]</a> On November 26, Governor Cuomo called Sandy "more impactful" than Hurricane Katrina, and estimated costs to New York at $42 billion.<a href="#cite_note-269">[268]</a> Approximately 100,000 residences on Long Island were destroyed or severely damaged, including 2,000 that were rendered uninhabitable.<a href="#cite_note-270">[269]</a> There were 53 Hurricane Sandy-related deaths in the state of New York.<a href="#cite_note-271">[270]</a> In 2016, the hurricane was determined to have been the worst to strike the New York City area since at least 1700.<a href="#cite_note-272">[271]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="New_England_2">New England</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Effects_of_Hurricane_Sandy_in_New_England" title="Effects of Hurricane Sandy in New England">Effects of Hurricane Sandy in New England</a></div> Wind gusts to 83 mph were recorded on outer <a href="/wiki/Cape_Cod" title="Cape Cod">Cape Cod</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buzzards_Bay" title="Buzzards Bay">Buzzards Bay</a>.<a href="#cite_note-273">[272]</a> Nearly 300,000 customers were without power in Massachusetts,<a href="#cite_note-SandySitRpt6-207">[206]</a> and roads and buildings were flooded.<a href="#cite_note-274">[273]</a> Over 100,000 customers lost power in Rhode Island.<a href="#cite_note-275">[274]</a> Most of the damage was along the coastline, where some communities were flooded.<a href="#cite_note-276">[275]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mount_Washington,_New_Hampshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Washington, New Hampshire">Mount Washington</a>, New Hampshire saw the strongest measured wind gust from the storm at 140 mph.<a href="#cite_note-277">[276]</a> Nearly 142,000 customers lost power in the state.<a href="#cite_note-SandySitRpt6-207">[206]</a> The flooding caused by Hurricane Sandy overwhelmed water treatment infrastructure on the northeast coast of the United States. More than 200 wastewater treatment plants and over 80 drinking water facilities along the coast of the Tri-State area had been damaged beyond function, with a statement from Governor Cuomo that damage in New York treatment plants alone could reach $1.1 billion. The resulting damage caused more than 10 billion gallons of raw sewage to be released into New York and New Jersey water sources. This contamination resulted in the shutting down of several drinking-water facilities.<a href="#cite_note-278">[277]</a> The contamination caused by this incident resulted in the EPA issuing a warning that all individuals should avoid coming into contact with the water in Newark Bay and New York Harbor, due to the increased presence of fecal coliform, a bacteria that is associated with human waste. Similar warnings were issued for water sources in both the Westchester and Yonkers areas.<a href="#cite_note-279">[278]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Appalachia_and_Midwest">Appalachia and Midwest</h4></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="West_Virginia">West Virginia</h5></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hurricane_Sandy_pounds_West_Virginia.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Hurricane_Sandy_pounds_West_Virginia.png/220px-Hurricane_Sandy_pounds_West_Virginia.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Hurricane_Sandy_pounds_West_Virginia.png/330px-Hurricane_Sandy_pounds_West_Virginia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Hurricane_Sandy_pounds_West_Virginia.png/440px-Hurricane_Sandy_pounds_West_Virginia.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Snow from Hurricane Sandy in <a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a></figcaption></figure> Sandy's rain became snow in the Appalachian Mountains, leading to blizzard conditions in some areas, especially West Virginia,<a href="#cite_note-SandyTCR-8">[8]</a> when a tongue of dense and heavy Arctic air pushed south through the region. This would normally cause a Nor'easter, prompting some to dub Sandy a "nor'eastercane" or "Frankenstorm".<a href="#cite_note-280">[279]</a> There was 1–3 feet (30–91 cm) of snowfall in 28 of <a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a>'s 55 counties.<a href="#cite_note-SandyTCR-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-281">[280]</a> The highest snowfall accumulation was 36 inches (91 cm) near <a href="/wiki/Richwood,_West_Virginia" title="Richwood, West Virginia">Richwood</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SandyTCR-8">[8]</a> Other significant totals include 32 inches (81 cm) in <a href="/wiki/Snowshoe,_West_Virginia" title="Snowshoe, West Virginia">Snowshoe</a>, 29 inches (74 cm) in <a href="/wiki/Quinwood,_West_Virginia" title="Quinwood, West Virginia">Quinwood</a>,<a href="#cite_note-twcsandysnow-282">[281]</a> and 28 inches (71 cm) in <a href="/wiki/Davis,_West_Virginia" title="Davis, West Virginia">Davis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flat_Top,_West_Virginia" title="Flat Top, West Virginia">Flat Top</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Huttonsville,_West_Virginia" title="Huttonsville, West Virginia">Huttonsville</a>.<a href="#cite_note-283">[282]</a> By the morning of October 31, there were still 36 roads closed due to downed trees, powerlines, and snow in the road.<a href="#cite_note-twcsandysnow-282">[281]</a> Approximately 271,800 customers lost power during the storm.<a href="#cite_note-SandySitRpt6-207">[206]</a> There were reports of collapsed buildings in several counties due to the sheer weight of the wet, heavy snow.<a href="#cite_note-284">[283]</a> Overall, there were seven fatalities related to Hurricane Sandy and its remnants in West Virginia,<a href="#cite_note-285">[284]</a> including John Rose Sr., the Republican candidate for the state's 47th district in the state legislature, who was killed in the aftermath of the storm by a falling tree limb broken off by the heavy snowfall.<a href="#cite_note-286">[285]</a> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_West_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of West Virginia">Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/Earl_Ray_Tomblin" title="Earl Ray Tomblin">Earl Ray Tomblin</a> asked President Obama for a federal disaster declaration, and on October 30, President Obama approved a state of emergency declaration for the state.<a href="#cite_note-287">[286]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Ohio">Ohio</h5></div> Wind gusts at <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Burke_Lakefront_Airport" title="Cleveland Burke Lakefront Airport">Cleveland Burke Lakefront Airport</a> were reported at 68 miles per hour (109 km/h).<a href="#cite_note-Rock_Hall_damaged-288">[287]</a> On October 30, hundreds of school districts canceled or delayed school across the state with at least 250,000 homes and businesses without power.<a href="#cite_note-Schools_closed_Ohio,_snow-289">[288]</a> Damage was reported across the state including the <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a> which lost parts of its siding.<a href="#cite_note-Rock_Hall_damaged-288">[287]</a> Snow was reported in some parts of eastern <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a> and south of <a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland</a>. Snow and icy roads also were reported south of <a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Schools_closed_Ohio,_snow-289">[288]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Michigan">Michigan</h5></div> The US Department of Energy reported that more than 120,000 customers lost power in Michigan as a result of the storm.<a href="#cite_note-SandySitRpt6-207">[206]</a> The <a href="/wiki/National_Weather_Service" title="National Weather Service">National Weather Service</a> said that waves up to 23 feet (7.0 m) high were reported on southern Lake Huron.<a href="#cite_note-clickondetroit-142">[142]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Kentucky">Kentucky</h5></div> More than one foot (300 mm) of snow fell in eastern Kentucky as Sandy merged with an <a href="/wiki/Arctic_front" title="Arctic front">Arctic front</a>.<a href="#cite_note-290">[289]</a> Winter warnings in <a href="/wiki/Harlan_County,_Kentucky" title="Harlan County, Kentucky">Harlan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Letcher_County,_Kentucky" title="Letcher County, Kentucky">Letcher</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pike_County,_Kentucky" title="Pike County, Kentucky">Pike County</a> were put into effect until October 31.<a href="#cite_note-291">[290]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Tennessee">Tennessee</h5></div> <a href="/wiki/Mount_Le_Conte_(Tennessee)" title="Mount Le Conte (Tennessee)">Mount Le Conte</a>, Tennessee, in <a href="/wiki/Great_Smoky_Mountains_National_Park" title="Great Smoky Mountains National Park">Great Smoky Mountains National Park</a>, was blanketed with 32 inches (81 cm) of snow, an October record.<a href="#cite_note-292">[291]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canada_2">Canada</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Effects_of_Hurricane_Sandy_in_Canada" title="Effects of Hurricane Sandy in Canada">Effects of Hurricane Sandy in Canada</a></div> The remnants of Sandy produced high winds along <a href="/wiki/Lake_Huron" title="Lake Huron">Lake Huron</a> and <a href="/wiki/Georgian_Bay" title="Georgian Bay">Georgian Bay</a>, where gusts were measured at 105 km/h (65 mph). A 121 km/h (75 mph) gust was measured on top of the <a href="/wiki/Bluewater_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Bluewater Bridge">Bluewater Bridge</a>.<a href="#cite_note-293">[292]</a> One woman died after being hit by a piece of flying debris in <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>.<a href="#cite_note-debris-158">[158]</a> At least 145,000 customers across Ontario lost power,<a href="#cite_note-294">[293]</a> and a Bluewater Power worker was electrocuted in Sarnia while working to restore power.<a href="#cite_note-295">[294]</a> Around 49,000 homes and businesses lost power in Quebec during the storm, with nearly 40,000 of those in the <a href="/wiki/Laurentides" title="Laurentides">Laurentides</a> region of the province, as well as more than 4,000 customers in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Townships" title="Eastern Townships">Eastern Townships</a> and 1,700 customers in <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-296">[295]</a> Hundreds of flights were canceled.<a href="#cite_note-297">[296]</a> Around 14,000 customers in <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a> lost power during the height of the storm.<a href="#cite_note-298">[297]</a> The Insurance Bureau of Canada's preliminary damage estimate was over $100 million for the nation.<a href="#cite_note-ca.finance.yahoo.com-160">[160]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relief_efforts">Relief efforts</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RedCross_Obama_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/RedCross_Obama_1.jpg/220px-RedCross_Obama_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/RedCross_Obama_1.jpg/330px-RedCross_Obama_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/RedCross_Obama_1.jpg/440px-RedCross_Obama_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4078" data-file-height="1806" /></a><figcaption>October 30, 2012, President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> visits the <a href="/wiki/American_Red_Cross" title="American Red Cross">American Red Cross</a> Digital Command Center following Hurricane Sandy</figcaption></figure> Several media organizations contributed to the immediate relief effort: <a href="/wiki/Disney%E2%80%93ABC_Television_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Disney–ABC Television Group">Disney–ABC Television Group</a> held a "Day of Giving" on Monday, November 5, raising $17 million on their television stations for the <a href="/wiki/American_Red_Cross" title="American Red Cross">American Red Cross</a><a href="#cite_note-ChicagoTri-299">[298]</a> and <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> raised $23 million during their <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Sandy:_Coming_Together" title="Hurricane Sandy: Coming Together">Hurricane Sandy: Coming Together</a> telethon the same day.<a href="#cite_note-RollingStone-300">[299]</a> On October 31, 2012, <a href="/wiki/News_Corporation_(1980%E2%80%932013)" class="mw-redirect" title="News Corporation (1980–2013)">News Corporation</a> donated $1 million to relief efforts in the <a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">New York metropolitan area</a>.<a href="#cite_note-TheWrap-301">[300]</a> As of December 2013, the NGO <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Sandy_New_Jersey_Relief_Fund" title="Hurricane Sandy New Jersey Relief Fund">Hurricane Sandy New Jersey Relief Fund</a> had distributed much of the funding raised in New Jersey.<a href="#cite_note-Nahmias-302">[301]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Home_in_Long_Beach_New_York_Being_Raised_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Home_in_Long_Beach_New_York_Being_Raised_2017.jpg/300px-Home_in_Long_Beach_New_York_Being_Raised_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Home_in_Long_Beach_New_York_Being_Raised_2017.jpg/450px-Home_in_Long_Beach_New_York_Being_Raised_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Home_in_Long_Beach_New_York_Being_Raised_2017.jpg/600px-Home_in_Long_Beach_New_York_Being_Raised_2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="3120" /></a><figcaption>In <a href="/wiki/Long_Beach,_New_York" title="Long Beach, New York">Long Beach, New York</a>, five years after the storm, homes were still being raised—lifted on temporary pilings so that permanent foundations could be put in.</figcaption></figure> On November 6, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> and <a href="/wiki/World_Food_Programme" title="World Food Programme">World Food Programme</a> promised humanitarian aid to at least 500,000 people in <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Cuba" title="Santiago de Cuba">Santiago de Cuba</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WashPost-303">[302]</a> On December 12, 2012, the <a href="/wiki/12-12-12:_The_Concert_for_Sandy_Relief" title="12-12-12: The Concert for Sandy Relief">12-12-12: The Concert for Sandy Relief</a> took place at <a href="/wiki/Madison_Square_Garden" title="Madison Square Garden">Madison Square Garden</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>. Various television channels in the United States and internationally aired the four-hour concert which was expected to reach over 1 billion people worldwide, featuring many famous performers including <a href="/wiki/Bon_Jovi" title="Bon Jovi">Bon Jovi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_Clapton" title="Eric Clapton">Eric Clapton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dave_Grohl" title="Dave Grohl">Dave Grohl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Billy_Joel" title="Billy Joel">Billy Joel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alicia_Keys" title="Alicia Keys">Alicia Keys</a>. Web sites including <a href="/wiki/Fuse_(TV_channel)" title="Fuse (TV channel)">Fuse.tv</a>, <a href="/wiki/MTV" title="MTV">MTV</a>.com, <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>, and the sites of <a href="/wiki/AOL" title="AOL">AOL</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo!">Yahoo!</a> planned to <a href="/wiki/Streaming_media" title="Streaming media">stream</a> the performance.<a href="#cite_note-304">[303]</a> The U.S. Government mobilized several agencies and departments to mitigate the effects of the Hurricane in the most afflicted areas. The response to the storm on the part of the government was of particular urgency owing to the possible fallout of a poor response on the part of the Obama administration during the <a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">upcoming U.S. presidential elections</a>. These sentiments were characterized in the President's speech in the days following the impact, stating the government's response was "not going to tolerate any red tape. We're not going to tolerate any bureaucracy".<a href="#cite_note-:1-305">[304]</a> Anticipating the destruction of the Atlantic storm, states on the U.S. East Coast, especially in heavily populated regions like in the New York metropolitan area, began to prepare. As the <a href="/wiki/Tropical_cyclone" title="Tropical cyclone">tropical depression</a> strengthened to a hurricane, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">Department of Defense</a> formed Joint Task Force Sandy on October 22, 2012.<a href="#cite_note-:1-305">[304]</a> Gathering <a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_aid" title="Humanitarian aid">humanitarian</a> supplies and disaster recovery equipment, the DOD prepared to carry out <a href="/wiki/Defense_Support_of_Civil_Authorities" title="Defense Support of Civil Authorities">DSCA</a> (Defense Support of Civil Authorities) operations across the <a href="/wiki/East_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="East Coast of the United States">eastern seaboard</a>. In the aftermath of the calamity, thousands of military personnel provided vital assistance to affected communities. On the first night of the aftermath, 12,000 <a href="/wiki/National_Guard_(United_States)" title="National Guard (United States)">National Guard</a> members across the East Coast worked to assuage the destruction.<a href="#cite_note-306">[305]</a> President Obama mandated the <a href="/wiki/Defense_Logistics_Agency" title="Defense Logistics Agency">Defense Logistics Agency</a> to supply over 5 million gallons Department of Energy-owned ultra-low sulfur diesel.<a href="#cite_note-307">[306]</a> On December 28, 2012, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> approved an emergency <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Sandy_relief_bill" title="Hurricane Sandy relief bill">Hurricane Sandy relief bill</a> to provide $60 billion for US states affected by Sandy,<a href="#cite_note-308">[307]</a> but the <a href="/wiki/U.S._House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. House of Representatives">House</a> in effect postponed action until <a href="/wiki/113th_United_States_Congress" title="113th United States Congress">the next session</a> which began January 3 by adjourning without voting on the bill.<a href="#cite_note-309">[308]</a> On January 4, 2013, House leaders pledged to vote on a <a href="/wiki/Flood_insurance" title="Flood insurance">flood insurance</a> bill and an aid package by January 15.<a href="#cite_note-310">[309]</a> On January 28, the Senate passed the $50.5 billion Sandy aid bill by a count of 62–36.<a href="#cite_note-311">[310]</a> which President Obama signed into law January 29.<a href="#cite_note-312">[311]</a> In January 2013, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> reported that those affected by the hurricane were still struggling to recover.<a href="#cite_note-313">[312]</a> In June 2013, NY Governor Andrew Cuomo set out to centralize recovery and rebuilding efforts in impacted areas of New York State by establishing the Governor's Office of Storm Recovery (GOSR). He aimed to address communities' most urgent needs, and to identify innovative and enduring solutions to strengthen the State's infrastructure and critical systems. Operating under the umbrella of New York Rising, GOSR utilized approximately $3.8 billion in flexible funding made available by the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Housing_%26_Urban_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of Housing & Urban Development">U.S. Department of Housing & Urban Development</a>'s (HUD) <a href="/wiki/Community_Development_Block_Grant" title="Community Development Block Grant">Community Development Block Grant</a> Disaster Recovery (CDBG-DR) program to concentrate aid in four main areas: housing, small business, infrastructure, and the community reconstruction.<a href="#cite_note-314">[313]</a> On December 6, 2013, an analysis of <a href="/wiki/Federal_Emergency_Management_Agency" title="Federal Emergency Management Agency">Federal Emergency Management Agency</a> data showed that fewer than half of those affected who requested disaster recovery assistance had received any, and a total of 30,000 residents of New York and New Jersey remained displaced.<a href="#cite_note-315">[314]</a> In March 2014, <a href="/wiki/Newsday" title="Newsday">Newsday</a> reported, that 17 months after the hurricane people displaced from rental units on Long Island faced unique difficulties due to lack of affordable rental housing and delays in housing program implementations by New York State. Close to 9,000 rental units on Long Island were damaged by Hurricane Sandy in October 2012, and <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Irene" title="Hurricane Irene">Hurricane Irene</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tropical_Storm_Lee" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropical Storm Lee">Tropical Storm Lee</a> in 2011 per the NY State Governor's Office of Storm Recovery (GOSR).<a href="#cite_note-316">[315]</a> New York State officials said that additional assistance would soon be available from the HUD's Community Development Block Grant funds via the New York Rising program.<a href="#cite_note-317">[316]</a> On March 15, 2014, a group of those who remained displaced by the hurricane organized a protest at the Nassau Legislative building in Mineola, New York, to raise awareness of their frustration with the timeline for receiving financial assistance from the New York Rising program.<a href="#cite_note-318">[317]</a> As of March 2014<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hurricane_Sandy&action=edit">[update]</a>, the GOSR released a press statement, that the New York Rising Community Reconstruction Program had distributed more than $280 million in payments to 6,388 homeowners for damage from Hurricane Sandy, <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Irene" title="Hurricane Irene">Hurricane Irene</a> or <a href="/wiki/Tropical_Storm_Lee_(2011)" title="Tropical Storm Lee (2011)">Tropical Storm Lee</a>. Every eligible homeowner who had applied by January 20, 2014, had been issued a check for home reconstruction, including over 4,650 Nassau residents for over $201 million and over 1,350 Suffolk residents for over $65 million. The state also had made offers over $293 million to buy out homes of 709 homeowners.<a href="#cite_note-319">[318]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_impact">Political impact</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Political_impact_of_Hurricane_Sandy" title="Political impact of Hurricane Sandy">Political impact of Hurricane Sandy</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Barack_Obama_Tours_Storm_Damage_in_New_Jersey_7.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/President_Barack_Obama_Tours_Storm_Damage_in_New_Jersey_7.jpg/220px-President_Barack_Obama_Tours_Storm_Damage_in_New_Jersey_7.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/President_Barack_Obama_Tours_Storm_Damage_in_New_Jersey_7.jpg/330px-President_Barack_Obama_Tours_Storm_Damage_in_New_Jersey_7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/President_Barack_Obama_Tours_Storm_Damage_in_New_Jersey_7.jpg/440px-President_Barack_Obama_Tours_Storm_Damage_in_New_Jersey_7.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="2731" /></a><figcaption>President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> and New Jersey Governor <a href="/wiki/Chris_Christie" title="Chris Christie">Chris Christie</a> talking to storm victims in <a href="/wiki/Brigantine,_New_Jersey" title="Brigantine, New Jersey">Brigantine</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Chris_Christie_On_Post-Sandy_Obama_Meet-_%27I_Would_Do_It_Again%27_-_Morning_Joe_-_MSNBC.webm/220px--Chris_Christie_On_Post-Sandy_Obama_Meet-_%27I_Would_Do_It_Again%27_-_Morning_Joe_-_MSNBC.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="229" data-mwtitle="Chris_Christie_On_Post-Sandy_Obama_Meet-_'I_Would_Do_It_Again'_-_Morning_Joe_-_MSNBC.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Chris_Christie_On_Post-Sandy_Obama_Meet-_%27I_Would_Do_It_Again%27_-_Morning_Joe_-_MSNBC.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/97/Chris_Christie_On_Post-Sandy_Obama_Meet-_%27I_Would_Do_It_Again%27_-_Morning_Joe_-_MSNBC.webm/Chris_Christie_On_Post-Sandy_Obama_Meet-_%27I_Would_Do_It_Again%27_-_Morning_Joe_-_MSNBC.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/97/Chris_Christie_On_Post-Sandy_Obama_Meet-_%27I_Would_Do_It_Again%27_-_Morning_Joe_-_MSNBC.webm/Chris_Christie_On_Post-Sandy_Obama_Meet-_%27I_Would_Do_It_Again%27_-_Morning_Joe_-_MSNBC.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Chris_Christie_On_Post-Sandy_Obama_Meet-_%27I_Would_Do_It_Again%27_-_Morning_Joe_-_MSNBC.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/97/Chris_Christie_On_Post-Sandy_Obama_Meet-_%27I_Would_Do_It_Again%27_-_Morning_Joe_-_MSNBC.webm/Chris_Christie_On_Post-Sandy_Obama_Meet-_%27I_Would_Do_It_Again%27_-_Morning_Joe_-_MSNBC.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/97/Chris_Christie_On_Post-Sandy_Obama_Meet-_%27I_Would_Do_It_Again%27_-_Morning_Joe_-_MSNBC.webm/Chris_Christie_On_Post-Sandy_Obama_Meet-_%27I_Would_Do_It_Again%27_-_Morning_Joe_-_MSNBC.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/97/Chris_Christie_On_Post-Sandy_Obama_Meet-_%27I_Would_Do_It_Again%27_-_Morning_Joe_-_MSNBC.webm/Chris_Christie_On_Post-Sandy_Obama_Meet-_%27I_Would_Do_It_Again%27_-_Morning_Joe_-_MSNBC.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/97/Chris_Christie_On_Post-Sandy_Obama_Meet-_%27I_Would_Do_It_Again%27_-_Morning_Joe_-_MSNBC.webm/Chris_Christie_On_Post-Sandy_Obama_Meet-_%27I_Would_Do_It_Again%27_-_Morning_Joe_-_MSNBC.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AChris_Christie_On_Post-Sandy_Obama_Meet-_%27I_Would_Do_It_Again%27_-_Morning_Joe_-_MSNBC.webm&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video><figcaption>Chris Christie On Post-Sandy Obama Meet- 'I Would Do It Again' video from <a href="/wiki/MSNBC" title="MSNBC">MSNBC</a> in 2017 in the aftermath of <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Harvey" title="Hurricane Harvey">Hurricane Harvey</a></figcaption></figure> Hurricane Sandy sparked much political commentary. Many scientists said warming oceans and greater atmospheric moisture were intensifying storms while rising sea levels were worsening coastal effects. November 2012 Representative <a href="/wiki/Henry_Waxman" title="Henry Waxman">Henry Waxman</a> of <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, the top Democrat of the <a href="/wiki/House_Energy_and_Commerce_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="House Energy and Commerce Committee">House Energy and Commerce Committee</a>, requested a hearing in the <a href="/wiki/Lame_duck_session" class="mw-redirect" title="Lame duck session">lame duck session</a> on links between <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a> and Hurricane Sandy.<a href="#cite_note-320">[319]</a> Some news outlets labeled the storm the <a href="/wiki/October_surprise" title="October surprise">October surprise</a> of the <a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">2012 United States Presidential election</a>,<a href="#cite_note-321">[320]</a><a href="#cite_note-322">[321]</a> while Democrats and Republicans accused each other of politicizing the storm.<a href="#cite_note-323">[322]</a> The storm hit the United States one week before its general <a href="/wiki/United_States_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="United States elections">United States elections</a>, and affected the presidential campaign, local and state campaigns in storm-damaged areas. New Jersey Governor <a href="/wiki/Chris_Christie" title="Chris Christie">Chris Christie</a>, one of <a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">Mitt Romney</a>'s leading supporters, praised President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> and his reaction to the hurricane, and toured storm-damaged areas of his state with the president.<a href="#cite_note-324">[323]</a> It was reported at the time that Sandy might affect elections in several states, especially by curtailing <a href="/wiki/Early_voting" title="Early voting">early voting</a>.<a href="#cite_note-325">[324]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a> wrote, "the weather is supposed to clear up well ahead of election day, but the impact could be felt in the turnout of early voters."<a href="#cite_note-326">[325]</a> <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a> predicted this might be offset by a tendency to clear roads and restore power more quickly in urban areas.<a href="#cite_note-327">[326]</a> The storm ignited a debate over whether Republican presidential nominee Mitt Romney in 2011 proposed to eliminate the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Emergency_Management_Agency" title="Federal Emergency Management Agency">Federal Emergency Management Agency</a> (FEMA).<a href="#cite_note-328">[327]</a> The next day the Romney campaign promised to keep FEMA funded, but did not explain what other parts of the federal budget it would cut to pay for it.<a href="#cite_note-329">[328]</a> Beyond the election, National Defense Magazine said Sandy "might cause a rethinking (in the USA) of how climate change threatens national security".<a href="#cite_note-330">[329]</a> In his news conference on November 14, 2012, President Obama said, "we can't attribute any particular weather event to climate change. What we do know is the temperature around the globe is increasing faster than was predicted even 10 years ago. We do know that the Arctic ice cap is melting faster than was predicted even five years ago. We do know that there have been extraordinarily — there have been an extraordinarily large number of severe weather events here in North America, but also around the globe. And I am a firm believer that climate change is real, that it is impacted by human behavior and carbon emissions. And as a consequence, I think we've got an obligation to future generations to do something about it."<a href="#cite_note-331">[330]</a> On January 30, 2015, days after the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Army_Corps_of_Engineers" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Army Corps of Engineers">U.S. Army Corps of Engineers</a> released a post-Sandy report examining flood risks for 31,200 miles (50,200 km) of the North Atlantic coast, President Obama issued an executive order directing federal agencies, state and local governments drawing federal funds to adopt stricter building and siting standards to reflect scientific projections that future flooding will be more frequent and intense due to climate change.<a href="#cite_note-332">[331]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Financial_markets_impact">Financial markets impact</h3></div> Power outages and flooding in the area closed the New York Stock Exchange and other financial markets on both October 29 and 30, a weather-related closure that last happened in 1888.<a href="#cite_note-333">[332]</a> When markets reopened on October 31, investors were relieved that it closed relatively flat that day. A week later, the <a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Insurance_Commissioners" title="National Association of Insurance Commissioners">National Association of Insurance Commissioners</a> Capital Markets Bureau noted a slight uptick in the market (0.8%) and suggested that the negative economic impact of Hurricane Sandy was offset by the expected positive impacts of rebuilding.<a href="#cite_note-334">[333]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Infrastructure_impact">Infrastructure impact</h3></div> The destruction of physical infrastructure as a result of Sandy cost impacted states, including New York and New Jersey, tens of billions of dollars.<a href="#cite_note-335">[334]</a> EQECAT, a risk-modeling company that focuses on catastrophes, approximated that impacted regions lost between $30 billion to $50 billion in economic activity. The economic loss was attributed to the massive power outages, liquid fuel shortages, and a near shutdown of the region's transportation system.<a href="#cite_note-336">[335]</a> <ul><li>Energy: Roughly 8.5 million customers were impacted due to power outages, including many businesses that were hard-pressed to deliver products and services in a timely manner.<a href="#cite_note-337">[336]</a> Breaks in gas lines also caused fires in many locations, prompting explosions and destruction of a large number of residences. Locating gas and diesel fuel proved difficult immediately after Sandy hit, which harmed transportation access for many people.<a href="#cite_note-338">[337]</a> The impairment of the ability to obtain fuel was due to flooding damage in crucial terminals and harbors in areas of New Jersey bordering the Arthur Kill. The shortage of fuel held up first responders as well as other response and recovery officials. Therefore, portable generators remained unutilized, resulting in long lines at fueling stations while individuals were unable to differentiate between the stations that did not hold power from the gas stations that were operational.</li> <li>Communications: Telecommunications infrastructure was heavily disrupted, impacting millions of people and thousands of businesses, destabilizing the economy of one of the biggest cities in the world. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) found that roughly 25% of cell towers across 10 states were out of service at the peak of the storm.<a href="#cite_note-339">[338]</a></li> <li>Green Infrastructure: Hurricane Sandy's storm surge caused erosion of the beaches and dunes, island breaches, and overwash along the coast of New England down all the way to Florida. Flooding along the coast generated substantial erosion of previous natural infrastructure, flooding of wetland habitats, coastal dune destruction or erosion, decimation of coastal lakes, and novel inlet creation.<a href="#cite_note-340">[339]</a></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MTA_Service_Alert_-_Hurricane_Sandy_Fix_%26_Fortify_-_Greenpoint_Tube_Recovery_-_Sept_2014_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/MTA_Service_Alert_-_Hurricane_Sandy_Fix_%26_Fortify_-_Greenpoint_Tube_Recovery_-_Sept_2014_001.jpg/220px-MTA_Service_Alert_-_Hurricane_Sandy_Fix_%26_Fortify_-_Greenpoint_Tube_Recovery_-_Sept_2014_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/MTA_Service_Alert_-_Hurricane_Sandy_Fix_%26_Fortify_-_Greenpoint_Tube_Recovery_-_Sept_2014_001.jpg/330px-MTA_Service_Alert_-_Hurricane_Sandy_Fix_%26_Fortify_-_Greenpoint_Tube_Recovery_-_Sept_2014_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/MTA_Service_Alert_-_Hurricane_Sandy_Fix_%26_Fortify_-_Greenpoint_Tube_Recovery_-_Sept_2014_001.jpg/440px-MTA_Service_Alert_-_Hurricane_Sandy_Fix_%26_Fortify_-_Greenpoint_Tube_Recovery_-_Sept_2014_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>A 2014 sign warned NYC commuters that the <a href="/wiki/IND_Crosstown_Line" title="IND Crosstown Line">G train</a> would shut down for repair due to 2012 Hurricane Sandy flooding. Several subway lines flooded by Hurricane Sandy would eventually require saltwater corrosion repair.<a href="#cite_note-341">[340]</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Transportation: Throughout the history of the country, the nation had not witnessed a worse disaster for public transit systems, including buses, subway, and commuter rail, than when Sandy struck. The morning after the storm hit, on October 30, 2012, more than half of the country's daily public transportation riders were unable to commute due to inoperable service.<a href="#cite_note-342">[341]</a> The New York City subway system was shut down two days prior to the storm due to necessary precautions and remained closed through November 1.<a href="#cite_note-343">[342]</a> During that short amount of time, one of the world's largest financial centers experienced immense traffic jams. Those who were able to arrive at work experienced commutes of several hours.<a href="#cite_note-344">[343]</a> Eight New York City subway tunnels were flooded due to a seawater breach which flowed through the Brooklyn-Battery Tunnel, impacting various transportation systems throughout the region.<a href="#cite_note-345">[344]</a></li> <li>Stormwater Management and Wastewater Treatment Systems: There was a massive failure in wastewater treatment facilities all around the mid-Atlantic coast due to floodwaters, large storm runoff, wind damage, and electricity loss.<a href="#cite_note-:0-346">[345]</a> The region's waterways were hit with billions of gallons of raw and partially treated sewage, adversely affecting the health of the public, as well as ocean habitats and other important resources.<a href="#cite_note-:0-346">[345]</a> There was also a public health concern about the threat of contaminated water filling the pipes and wells that supplied potable water to large parts of the region. Large water utility companies experienced power outages, disrupting their ability to provide safe drinking water. Advisories had to be sent out to many parts of New York and New Jersey for customers to warn them of the potential of their water being contaminated.<a href="#cite_note-347">[346]</a> The "boil water" advisories were later lifted, however, when it was proven that none of the water was contaminated or held the potential for any ill effects.</li> <li>Public Medical Facilities and Schools: A variety of New York City hospitals and other medical facilities, including the Bellevue Medical Center and Coney Island hospital, were shut down as a result of flooding from the storm. In many parts of the hospitals, there was considerable damage to research, medical, and electrical equipment which was located on lower floors for ease of access.<a href="#cite_note-348">[347]</a> In New Jersey, medical facilities were also severely affected. In sum, the hospitals in the state reported an estimated $68 million in damage. Hudson County had to force closure due to the extensive damage done by the hurricane.<a href="#cite_note-349">[348]</a> Hurricane Sandy also caused schools to close for about a week on average immediately following the storm. During the period of closure, schools attempted to regain control of electrical operations that were impaired by the aftermath.<a href="#cite_note-350">[349]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Insurance_fraud_claims">Insurance fraud claims</h3></div> Thousands of homeowners were denied their flood insurance claims based upon fraudulent engineers' reports, according to the whistleblowing efforts of Andrew Braum, an engineer who claimed that at least 175 of his more than 180 inspections were doctored.<a href="#cite_note-351">[350]</a><a href="#cite_note-352">[351]</a> As a result, a class-action racketeering lawsuit has been filed against several insurance companies and their contract engineering firms.<a href="#cite_note-353">[352]</a> As of 2015<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hurricane_Sandy&action=edit">[update]</a>, the Federal Emergency Management Agency planned to review all flood insurance claims.<a href="#cite_note-354">[353]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Baby_boom">Baby boom</h3></div> New Jersey hospitals saw a spike in births nine months after Sandy, causing some to believe that there was a post-Sandy baby boom. The <a href="/wiki/Monmouth_Medical_Center" title="Monmouth Medical Center">Monmouth Medical Center</a> saw a 35% jump, and two other hospitals saw 20% increases.<a href="#cite_note-355">[354]</a> An expert stated that post-storm births that year were higher than in past disasters.<a href="#cite_note-356">[355]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Retirement">Retirement</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_retired_Atlantic_hurricane_names" title="List of retired Atlantic hurricane names">List of retired Atlantic hurricane names</a></div> Because of the severe damage and number of deaths caused by the storm in several countries, the name Sandy was later retired by the <a href="/wiki/World_Meteorological_Organization" title="World Meteorological Organization">World Meteorological Organization</a> in April 2013, and will never be used again for a North Atlantic tropical cyclone. The name was replaced with Sara for the <a href="/wiki/2018_Atlantic_hurricane_season" title="2018 Atlantic hurricane season">2018 season</a>.<a href="#cite_note-357">[356]</a><a href="#cite_note-358">[357]</a><a href="#cite_note-359">[358]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media_coverage">Media coverage</h2></div> As Hurricane Sandy approached the United States, forecasters and journalists gave it several different unofficial names, at first related to its projected snow content, then to its proximity to Halloween, and eventually to the overall size of the storm. Early nicknames included "Snowicane Sandy"<a href="#cite_note-360">[359]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nor%27easter" title="Nor'easter">"Snor'eastercane</a> Sandy".<a href="#cite_note-361">[360]</a><a href="#cite_note-362">[361]</a> The most popular Halloween-related nickname was "Frankenstorm",<a href="#cite_note-363">[362]</a><a href="#cite_note-364">[363]</a> coined by Jim Cisco, a forecaster at the <a href="/wiki/Hydrometeorological_Prediction_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrometeorological Prediction Center">Hydrometeorological Prediction Center</a>.<a href="#cite_note-365">[364]</a><a href="#cite_note-366">[365]</a><a href="#cite_note-367">[366]</a> CNN banned the use of the term, saying it trivialized the destruction.<a href="#cite_note-368">[367]</a><a href="#cite_note-369">[368]</a> The severe and widespread damage the storm caused in the United States, as well as its unusual merger with a frontal system, resulted in the nicknaming of the hurricane "Superstorm Sandy" by the media, public officials, and several organizations, including U.S. government agencies.<a href="#cite_note-SandyDebris-370">[369]</a><a href="#cite_note-SandyUnusual-371">[370]</a><a href="#cite_note-BlameGame-372">[371]</a><a href="#cite_note-Supersturms-373">[372]</a> This persisted as the most common nickname well into 2013. The term was also embraced by climate change proponents as a term for the new type of storms caused by global warming,<a href="#cite_note-374">[373]</a> while other writers used the term but maintained that it was too soon to blame the storm on climate change.<a href="#cite_note-375">[374]</a><a href="#cite_note-376">[375]</a> Meanwhile, <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science" title="Popular Science">Popular Science</a> called it "an imaginary scare-term that exists exclusively for shock value".<a href="#cite_note-377">[376]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Cyclone_Catarina_from_the_ISS_on_March_26_2004.JPG/32px-Cyclone_Catarina_from_the_ISS_on_March_26_2004.JPG" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Cyclone_Catarina_from_the_ISS_on_March_26_2004.JPG/48px-Cyclone_Catarina_from_the_ISS_on_March_26_2004.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Cyclone_Catarina_from_the_ISS_on_March_26_2004.JPG/64px-Cyclone_Catarina_from_the_ISS_on_March_26_2004.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3032" data-file-height="2004" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Tropical_cyclones" title="Portal:Tropical cyclones">Tropical cyclones portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/32px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/48px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/64px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Jamaica" title="Portal:Jamaica">Jamaica portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/32px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/48px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/64px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cuba" title="Portal:Cuba">Cuba portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg/32px-Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg/48px-Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg/64px-Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:New_Jersey" title="Portal:New Jersey">New Jersey portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1938_New_England_hurricane" title="1938 New England hurricane">1938 New England hurricane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Bob" title="Hurricane Bob">Hurricane Bob</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Perfect_Storm" title="1991 Perfect Storm">1991 Perfect Storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Irene" title="Hurricane Irene">Hurricane Irene</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_Storm_Fay_(2020)" title="Tropical Storm Fay (2020)"> Tropical Storm Fay</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Zeta" title="Hurricane Zeta">Hurricane Zeta</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Ida" title="Hurricane Ida">Hurricane Ida</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itemized_deduction#Examples_of_allowable_itemized_deductions" title="Itemized deduction">Hurricane Sandy IRS tax deduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Atlantic_hurricane_records" title="List of Atlantic hurricane records">List of Atlantic hurricane records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Category_3_Atlantic_hurricanes" title="List of Category 3 Atlantic hurricanes">List of Category 3 Atlantic hurricanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cuba_hurricanes" title="List of Cuba hurricanes">List of Cuba hurricanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Jersey_hurricanes" title="List of New Jersey hurricanes">List of New Jersey hurricanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_hurricanes" title="List of New York hurricanes">List of New York hurricanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superstorm" class="mw-redirect" title="Superstorm">Superstorm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2012_Atlantic_hurricane_season" title="Timeline of the 2012 Atlantic hurricane season">Timeline of the 2012 Atlantic hurricane season</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Jongdari" title="Typhoon Jongdari">Typhoon Jongdari</a> – A Pacific typhoon in 2018 which executed a similar turn into Japan.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Informational_notes">Informational notes</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Color-200"><a href="#cite_ref-Color_200-0">^</a> The storm category color indicates the <a href="/wiki/Saffir%E2%80%93Simpson_scale" title="Saffir–Simpson scale">intensity of the hurricane</a> when landfalling in the U.S. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-not_The_Big_One-1"><a href="#cite_ref-not_The_Big_One_1-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon 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Retrieved March 3, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=www.spiegel.de&rft.atitle=Hurrikan+%22Sandy%22%3A+Die+t%C3%B6dliche+Kraft+des+Supersturms&rft.date=2012-11&rft.aulast=Bojanowski&rft.aufirst=Axel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Fwissenschaft%2Fnatur%2Fmeteorologische-bilanz-wie-hurrikan-sandy-zum-rekord-sturm-wurde-a-864551.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHurricane+Sandy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-374"><a href="#cite_ref-374">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrenberth,_Kevin2012" class="citation news cs1">Trenberth, Kevin (October 31, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/33084/title/Opinion--Super-Storm-Sandy/">"Opinion:Super Storm Sandy"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Opinion%3ASuper+Storm+Sandy&rft.date=2012-10-31&rft.au=Trenberth%2C+Kevin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.the-scientist.com%2F%3Farticles.view%2FarticleNo%2F33084%2Ftitle%2FOpinion--Super-Storm-Sandy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHurricane+Sandy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-375"><a href="#cite_ref-375">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorenstein,_Seth2012" class="citation news cs1">Borenstein, Seth (October 30, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna49615769">"You can't blame the superstorm on climate change — not yet"</a>. NBC News.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=You+can%27t+blame+the+superstorm+on+climate+change+%E2%80%94+not+yet&rft.date=2012-10-30&rft.au=Borenstein%2C+Seth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fid%2Fwbna49615769&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHurricane+Sandy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-376"><a href="#cite_ref-376">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsday.com/opinion/oped/tubb-superstorm-sandy-is-not-proof-of-global-warming-1.4300131">"Tubb: Superstorm Sandy is not proof of global warming"</a>. December 6, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tubb%3A+Superstorm+Sandy+is+not+proof+of+global+warming&rft.date=2012-12-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsday.com%2Fopinion%2Foped%2Ftubb-superstorm-sandy-is-not-proof-of-global-warming-1.4300131&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHurricane+Sandy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-377"><a href="#cite_ref-377">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNosowitz,_Dan2012" class="citation web cs1">Nosowitz, Dan (November 1, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.popsci.com/science/article/2012-11/dictionary-hurricane-sandy-superstorm">"News Writers: Stop Trying To Scare People With Made-Up Storm Language"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science" title="Popular Science">Popular Science</a>. Retrieved December 23, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Popular+Science&rft.atitle=News+Writers%3A+Stop+Trying+To+Scare+People+With+Made-Up+Storm+Language&rft.date=2012-11-01&rft.au=Nosowitz%2C+Dan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.popsci.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2F2012-11%2Fdictionary-hurricane-sandy-superstorm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHurricane+Sandy" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIan_RoulstoneJohn_Norbury2013" class="citation journal cs1">Ian Roulstone; John Norbury (August 1, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=how-math-helped-forecast-superstorm-sandy">"How Math Helped Forecast Hurricane Sandy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Scientific_American" title="Scientific American">Scientific American</a>. 309 (2): 22. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fscientificamerican0813-22">10.1038/scientificamerican0813-22</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23923198">23923198</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+American&rft.atitle=How+Math+Helped+Forecast+Hurricane+Sandy&rft.volume=309&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=22&rft.date=2013-08-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fscientificamerican0813-22&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23923198&rft.au=Ian+Roulstone&rft.au=John+Norbury&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scientificamerican.com%2Farticle.cfm%3Fid%3Dhow-math-helped-forecast-superstorm-sandy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHurricane+Sandy" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Hurricane Sandy at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hurricane_Sandy" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Hurricane Sandy">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Hurricane_Sandy_(2012)" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Hurricane Sandy (2012)">News</a> from Wikinews</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2012/refresh/SANDY+shtml/010403.shtml?">Archived information on Hurricane Sandy</a> from the <a href="/wiki/National_Hurricane_Center" title="National Hurricane Center">National Hurricane Center</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=91ldZZiOqAs">Radar loop of Hurricane Sandy making landfall</a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hurricanes/archives/2012/h2012_Sandy.html">Satellite imagery and data of Hurricane Sandy</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210214181622/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hurricanes/archives/2012/h2012_Sandy.html">Archived</a> February 14, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> from <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://google.org/crisismap/2012-sandy">Google Crisis Map for Hurricane Sandy</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wunderground.com/tropical/tracking/at201218_live.html?extraprod=live">Hurricane information and live coverage from The Weather Channel</a> from <a href="/wiki/Weather_Underground_(weather_service)" title="Weather Underground (weather service)">Weather Underground</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121030224223/http://www.weather.com/weather/hurricanecentral/storms/2012/SANDY">Superstorm Sandy</a> at <a href="/wiki/The_Weather_Channel" title="The Weather Channel">The Weather Channel</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arrl.org/news/hurricane-sandy-guidelines-for-providing-assistance">Hurricane Sandy: Guidelines for Providing Assistance</a> by <a href="/wiki/American_Radio_Relay_League" title="American Radio Relay League">American Radio Relay League</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://purl.fdlp.gov/GPO/gpo38121">Monitoring Storm Tide and Flooding from Hurricane Sandy along the Atlantic Coast of the United States, October 2012</a> from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://purl.fdlp.gov/GPO/gpo37572">Recovering from Superstorm Sandy: Rebuilding Our Infrastructure</a> U.S. Senate Hearing, December 20, 2012</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2012_Atlantic_hurricane_season_buttons" title="Template:2012 Atlantic hurricane season buttons"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2012_Atlantic_hurricane_season_buttons" title="Template talk:2012 Atlantic hurricane season buttons"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2012_Atlantic_hurricane_season_buttons" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2012 Atlantic hurricane season buttons"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tropical_cyclones_of_the_2012_Atlantic_hurricane_season" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Tropical cyclones of the <a href="/wiki/2012_Atlantic_hurricane_season" title="2012 Atlantic hurricane season">2012 Atlantic hurricane season</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2012_Atlantic_hurricane_season" title="Timeline of the 2012 Atlantic hurricane season">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 2px 0 0"><div><a href="/wiki/File:2012_Atlantic_hurricane_season_summary_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/2012_Atlantic_hurricane_season_summary_map.png/100px-2012_Atlantic_hurricane_season_summary_map.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/2012_Atlantic_hurricane_season_summary_map.png/150px-2012_Atlantic_hurricane_season_summary_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/2012_Atlantic_hurricane_season_summary_map.png/200px-2012_Atlantic_hurricane_season_summary_map.png 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2476" /></a></div></td><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="season-bar-button"><div title="Storm Alberto" class="season-bar-intensity mw-no-invert" style="background-color: #4DFFFF;">TS</div><div title="Storm Alberto" class="season-bar-name"><a href="/wiki/2012_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Tropical_Storm_Alberto" title="2012 Atlantic hurricane season">Alberto</a></div></div> <div class="season-bar-button"><div title="Storm Beryl" class="season-bar-intensity mw-no-invert" style="background-color: #4DFFFF;">TS</div><div title="Storm Beryl" class="season-bar-name"><a href="/wiki/Tropical_Storm_Beryl_(2012)" title="Tropical Storm Beryl (2012)">Beryl</a></div></div> <div class="season-bar-button"><div title="Cat1 Chris" class="season-bar-intensity mw-no-invert" style="background-color: #FFFFD9;">1</div><div title="Cat1 Chris" class="season-bar-name"><a href="/wiki/2012_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Chris" title="2012 Atlantic hurricane season">Chris</a></div></div> <div class="season-bar-button"><div title="Storm Debby" class="season-bar-intensity mw-no-invert" style="background-color: #4DFFFF;">TS</div><div title="Storm Debby" class="season-bar-name"><a href="/wiki/Tropical_Storm_Debby_(2012)" title="Tropical Storm Debby (2012)">Debby</a></div></div> <div class="season-bar-button"><div title="Cat2 Ernesto" class="season-bar-intensity mw-no-invert" style="background-color: #FFD98C;">2</div><div title="Cat2 Ernesto" class="season-bar-name"><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Ernesto_(2012)" title="Hurricane Ernesto (2012)">Ernesto</a></div></div> <div class="season-bar-button"><div title="Storm Florence" class="season-bar-intensity mw-no-invert" style="background-color: #4DFFFF;">TS</div><div title="Storm Florence" class="season-bar-name"><a href="/wiki/2012_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Tropical_Storm_Florence" title="2012 Atlantic hurricane season">Florence</a></div></div> <div class="season-bar-button"><div title="Cat2 Gordon" class="season-bar-intensity mw-no-invert" style="background-color: #FFD98C;">2</div><div title="Cat2 Gordon" class="season-bar-name"><a href="/wiki/2012_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Gordon" title="2012 Atlantic hurricane season">Gordon</a></div></div> <div class="season-bar-button"><div title="Storm Helene" class="season-bar-intensity mw-no-invert" style="background-color: #4DFFFF;">TS</div><div title="Storm Helene" class="season-bar-name"><a href="/wiki/Tropical_Storm_Helene_(2012)" title="Tropical Storm Helene (2012)">Helene</a></div></div> <div class="season-bar-button"><div title="Cat1 Isaac" class="season-bar-intensity mw-no-invert" style="background-color: #FFFFD9;">1</div><div title="Cat1 Isaac" class="season-bar-name"><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Isaac_(2012)" title="Hurricane Isaac (2012)">Isaac</a></div></div> <div class="season-bar-button"><div title="Storm Joyce" class="season-bar-intensity mw-no-invert" style="background-color: #4DFFFF;">TS</div><div title="Storm Joyce" class="season-bar-name"><a href="/wiki/2012_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Tropical_Storm_Joyce" title="2012 Atlantic hurricane season">Joyce</a></div></div> <div class="season-bar-button"><div title="Cat2 Kirk" class="season-bar-intensity mw-no-invert" style="background-color: #FFD98C;">2</div><div title="Cat2 Kirk" class="season-bar-name"><a href="/wiki/2012_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Kirk" title="2012 Atlantic hurricane season">Kirk</a></div></div> <div class="season-bar-button"><div title="Cat1 Leslie" class="season-bar-intensity mw-no-invert" style="background-color: #FFFFD9;">1</div><div title="Cat1 Leslie" class="season-bar-name"><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Leslie_(2012)" title="Hurricane Leslie (2012)">Leslie</a></div></div> <div class="season-bar-button"><div title="Cat3 Michael" class="season-bar-intensity mw-no-invert" style="background-color: #FF9E59;">3</div><div title="Cat3 Michael" class="season-bar-name"><a href="/wiki/2012_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Michael" title="2012 Atlantic hurricane season">Michael</a></div></div> <div class="season-bar-button"><div title="Cat1 Nadine" class="season-bar-intensity mw-no-invert" style="background-color: #FFFFD9;">1</div><div title="Cat1 Nadine" class="season-bar-name"><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Nadine_(2012)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurricane Nadine (2012)">Nadine</a></div></div> <div class="season-bar-button"><div title="Storm Oscar" class="season-bar-intensity mw-no-invert" style="background-color: #4DFFFF;">TS</div><div title="Storm Oscar" class="season-bar-name"><a href="/wiki/2012_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Tropical_Storm_Oscar" title="2012 Atlantic hurricane season">Oscar</a></div></div> <div class="season-bar-button"><div title="Storm Patty" class="season-bar-intensity mw-no-invert" style="background-color: #4DFFFF;">TS</div><div title="Storm Patty" class="season-bar-name"><a href="/wiki/2012_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Tropical_Storm_Patty" title="2012 Atlantic hurricane season">Patty</a></div></div> <div class="season-bar-button"><div title="Cat1 Rafael" class="season-bar-intensity mw-no-invert" style="background-color: #FFFFD9;">1</div><div title="Cat1 Rafael" class="season-bar-name"><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Rafael_(2012)" title="Hurricane Rafael (2012)">Rafael</a></div></div> <div class="season-bar-button"><div title="Cat3 Sandy" class="season-bar-intensity mw-no-invert" style="background-color: #FF9E59;">3</div><div title="Cat3 Sandy" class="season-bar-name"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sandy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Meteorological_history_of_Hurricane_Sandy" title="Meteorological history of Hurricane Sandy">history</a>)</div></div> <div class="season-bar-button"><div title="Storm Tony" class="season-bar-intensity mw-no-invert" style="background-color: #4DFFFF;">TS</div><div title="Storm Tony" class="season-bar-name"><a href="/wiki/2012_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Tropical_Storm_Tony" title="2012 Atlantic hurricane season">Tony</a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:2012_Atlantic_hurricane_season" title="Category:2012 Atlantic hurricane season">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Retired_Atlantic_hurricane_names" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Retired_Atlantic_hurricanes" title="Template:Retired Atlantic hurricanes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Retired_Atlantic_hurricanes" title="Template talk:Retired Atlantic hurricanes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Retired_Atlantic_hurricanes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Retired Atlantic hurricanes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Retired_Atlantic_hurricane_names" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_retired_Atlantic_hurricane_names" title="List of retired Atlantic hurricane names">Retired Atlantic hurricane names</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Carol" title="Hurricane Carol">Carol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Edna" title="Hurricane Edna">Edna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Hazel" title="Hurricane Hazel">Hazel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Connie" title="Hurricane Connie">Connie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Diane" title="Hurricane Diane">Diane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Ione" title="Hurricane Ione">Ione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Janet" title="Hurricane Janet">Janet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Audrey" title="Hurricane Audrey">Audrey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Donna" title="Hurricane Donna">Donna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Carla" title="Hurricane Carla">Carla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Hattie" title="Hurricane Hattie">Hattie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Flora" title="Hurricane Flora">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Cleo" title="Hurricane Cleo">Cleo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Dora_(1964)" title="Hurricane Dora (1964)">Dora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Hilda" title="Hurricane Hilda">Hilda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Betsy" title="Hurricane Betsy">Betsy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Inez" title="Hurricane Inez">Inez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Beulah" title="Hurricane Beulah">Beulah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Camille" title="Hurricane Camille">Camille</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Celia" title="Hurricane Celia">Celia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Agnes" title="Hurricane Agnes">Agnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Carmen" title="Hurricane Carmen">Carmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Fifi%E2%80%93Orlene" title="Hurricane Fifi–Orlene">Fifi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Eloise" title="Hurricane Eloise">Eloise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Anita" title="Hurricane Anita">Anita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Greta%E2%80%93Olivia" title="Hurricane Greta–Olivia">Greta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_David" title="Hurricane David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Frederic" title="Hurricane Frederic">Frederic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Allen" title="Hurricane Allen">Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Alicia" title="Hurricane Alicia">Alicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Elena" title="Hurricane Elena">Elena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Gloria" title="Hurricane Gloria">Gloria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Gilbert" title="Hurricane Gilbert">Gilbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Joan%E2%80%93Miriam" title="Hurricane Joan–Miriam">Joan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Hugo" title="Hurricane Hugo">Hugo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Diana" title="Hurricane Diana">Diana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Klaus_(1990)" title="Hurricane Klaus (1990)">Klaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Bob" title="Hurricane Bob">Bob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Andrew" title="Hurricane Andrew">Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Luis" title="Hurricane Luis">Luis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Marilyn" title="Hurricane Marilyn">Marilyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Opal" title="Hurricane Opal">Opal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Roxanne" title="Hurricane Roxanne">Roxanne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Cesar%E2%80%93Douglas" title="Hurricane Cesar–Douglas">Cesar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Fran" title="Hurricane Fran">Fran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Hortense" title="Hurricane Hortense">Hortense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Georges" title="Hurricane Georges">Georges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Mitch" title="Hurricane Mitch">Mitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Floyd" title="Hurricane Floyd">Floyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Lenny" title="Hurricane Lenny">Lenny</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Keith" title="Hurricane Keith">Keith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_Storm_Allison" title="Tropical Storm Allison">Allison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Iris" title="Hurricane Iris">Iris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Michelle" title="Hurricane Michelle">Michelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Isidore" title="Hurricane Isidore">Isidore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Lili" title="Hurricane Lili">Lili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Fabian" title="Hurricane Fabian">Fabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Isabel" title="Hurricane Isabel">Isabel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Juan" title="Hurricane Juan">Juan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Charley" title="Hurricane Charley">Charley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Frances" title="Hurricane Frances">Frances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Ivan" title="Hurricane Ivan">Ivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Jeanne" title="Hurricane Jeanne">Jeanne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Dennis" title="Hurricane Dennis">Dennis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Katrina" title="Hurricane Katrina">Katrina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Rita" title="Hurricane Rita">Rita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Stan" title="Hurricane Stan">Stan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Wilma" title="Hurricane Wilma">Wilma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Dean" title="Hurricane Dean">Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Felix" title="Hurricane Felix">Felix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Noel" title="Hurricane Noel">Noel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Gustav" title="Hurricane Gustav">Gustav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Ike" title="Hurricane Ike">Ike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Paloma" title="Hurricane Paloma">Paloma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Igor" title="Hurricane Igor">Igor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Tomas" title="Hurricane Tomas">Tomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Irene" title="Hurricane Irene">Irene</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Ingrid" title="Hurricane Ingrid">Ingrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_Storm_Erika" title="Tropical Storm Erika">Erika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Joaquin" title="Hurricane Joaquin">Joaquin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Matthew" title="Hurricane Matthew">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Otto" title="Hurricane Otto">Otto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Harvey" title="Hurricane Harvey">Harvey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Irma" title="Hurricane Irma">Irma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Maria" title="Hurricane Maria">Maria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Nate" title="Hurricane Nate">Nate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Florence" title="Hurricane Florence">Florence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Michael" title="Hurricane Michael">Michael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Dorian" title="Hurricane Dorian">Dorian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Laura" title="Hurricane Laura">Laura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Eta" title="Hurricane Eta">Eta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Iota" title="Hurricane Iota">Iota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Ida" title="Hurricane Ida">Ida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Fiona" title="Hurricane Fiona">Fiona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Ian" title="Hurricane Ian">Ian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Retired_Atlantic_hurricanes" title="Category:Retired Atlantic hurricanes">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Tropical_cyclones" title="Portal:Tropical cyclones">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Category_3_Atlantic_hurricanes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Category_3_Atlantic_hurricanes" title="Template:Category 3 Atlantic hurricanes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Category_3_Atlantic_hurricanes" title="Template talk:Category 3 Atlantic hurricanes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Category_3_Atlantic_hurricanes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Category 3 Atlantic hurricanes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Category_3_Atlantic_hurricanes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Category_3_Atlantic_hurricanes" title="List of Category 3 Atlantic hurricanes">Category 3 Atlantic hurricanes</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1851–1949" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1851–1949</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1850s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1851_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Four" title="1851 Atlantic hurricane season">"San Agapito"</a> (1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1852_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_One" title="1852 Atlantic hurricane season">"Great Mobile"</a> (1852)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1853_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Four" title="1853 Atlantic hurricane season">Four</a> (1853)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1854_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Three" title="1854 Atlantic hurricane season">"Coastal"</a> (1854)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1855_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Five" title="1855 Atlantic hurricane season">"Middle Gulf Shore"</a> (1855)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Five" title="1856 Atlantic hurricane season">"Southeastern States"</a> (1856)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1859_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Six" title="1859 Atlantic hurricane season">Six</a> (1859)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1860s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1867_San_Narciso_hurricane" title="1867 San Narciso hurricane">"San Narciso"</a> (1867)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1869_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Six" title="1869 Atlantic hurricane season">"New England"</a> (1869)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1870s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1870_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Four" title="1870 Atlantic hurricane season">Four</a> (1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1870_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Six" title="1870 Atlantic hurricane season">"San Marcos"</a> (1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1871_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Three" title="1871 Atlantic hurricane season">Three</a> (1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1871_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Four" title="1871 Atlantic hurricane season">"Santa Juana"</a> (1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1873_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Two" title="1873 Atlantic hurricane season">"Nova Scotia"</a> (1873)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1873_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Five" title="1873 Atlantic hurricane season">"Central Florida"</a> (1873)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1875_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Three" title="1875 Atlantic hurricane season">"Indianola"</a> (1875)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1876_San_Felipe_hurricane" title="1876 San Felipe hurricane">"San Felipe"</a> (1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1876_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Five" title="1876 Atlantic hurricane season">"Cuba–South Florida"</a> (1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1877_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Four" title="1877 Atlantic hurricane season">Four</a> (1877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1878_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Ten" title="1878 Atlantic hurricane season">Ten</a> (1878)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1879_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Two" title="1879 Atlantic hurricane season">"Great Beaufort"</a> (1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1879_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Four" title="1879 Atlantic hurricane season">"Louisiana"</a> (1879)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1880s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1882_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Two" title="1882 Atlantic hurricane season">"Pensacola"</a> (1882)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1883_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Two" title="1883 Atlantic hurricane season">Two</a> (1883)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1883_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Three" title="1883 Atlantic hurricane season">"Bahamas–North Carolina"</a> (1883)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1884_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Two" title="1884 Atlantic hurricane season">Two</a> (1884)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1886_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Six" title="1886 Atlantic hurricane season">"Cuba"</a> (1886)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1886_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Seven" title="1886 Atlantic hurricane season">Seven</a> (1886)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1886_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Ten" title="1886 Atlantic hurricane season">"Texas–Louisiana"</a> (1886)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1887_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Six" title="1887 Atlantic hurricane season">Six</a> (1887)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1887_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Seven" title="1887 Atlantic hurricane season">Seven</a> (1887)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1888_Louisiana_hurricane" title="1888 Louisiana hurricane">"Louisiana"</a> (1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1888_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Four" title="1888 Atlantic hurricane season">"San Gil"</a> (1888)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1890s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1890_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Three" title="1890 Atlantic hurricane season">Three</a> (1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1891_Martinique_hurricane" title="1891 Martinique hurricane">"Martinique"</a> (1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1893_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Three" title="1893 Atlantic hurricane season">"San Roque"</a> (1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1893_New_York_hurricane" title="1893 New York hurricane">"New York"</a> (1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1893_Sea_Islands_hurricane" title="1893 Sea Islands hurricane">"Sea Islands"</a> (1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1893_Great_Charleston_hurricane" title="1893 Great Charleston hurricane">"Great Charleston"</a> (1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1894_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Three" title="1894 Atlantic hurricane season">Three</a> (1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1894_Greater_Antilles_hurricane" title="1894 Greater Antilles hurricane">"Greater Antilles"</a> (1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1894_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Five" title="1894 Atlantic hurricane season">"Florida Panhandle"</a> (1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1896_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Two" title="1896 Atlantic hurricane season">"San Ramón"</a> (1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1896_Cedar_Keys_hurricane" title="1896 Cedar Keys hurricane">"Cedar Keys"</a> (1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1896_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Five" title="1896 Atlantic hurricane season">Five</a> (1896)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1900s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1900_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Two" title="1900 Atlantic hurricane season">Two</a> (1900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1903_Jamaica_hurricane" title="1903 Jamaica hurricane">"Jamaica"</a> (1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1905_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Four" title="1905 Atlantic hurricane season">Four</a> (1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1906_Mississippi_hurricane" title="1906 Mississippi hurricane">"Mississippi"</a> (1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1906_Florida_Keys_hurricane" title="1906 Florida Keys hurricane">"Florida Keys"</a> (1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1908_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Six" title="1908 Atlantic hurricane season">Six</a> (1908)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1909_Velasco_hurricane" title="1909 Velasco hurricane">"Velasco"</a> (1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1909_Monterrey_hurricane" title="1909 Monterrey hurricane">"Monterrey"</a> (1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1909_Grand_Isle_hurricane" title="1909 Grand Isle hurricane">"Grand Isle"</a> (1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1909_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Eleven" title="1909 Atlantic hurricane season">"Key West"</a> (1909)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1910s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1912_Jamaica_hurricane" title="1912 Jamaica hurricane">"Jamaica"</a> (1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Three" title="1915 Atlantic hurricane season">Three</a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Gulf_Coast_hurricane" title="1916 Gulf Coast hurricane">"Gulf Coast"</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Charleston_hurricane" title="1916 Charleston hurricane">"Charleston"</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Eleven" title="1916 Atlantic hurricane season">Eleven</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Virgin_Islands_hurricane" title="1916 Virgin Islands hurricane">"Virgin Islands"</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Three" title="1917 Atlantic hurricane season">Three</a> (1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_One" title="1918 Atlantic hurricane season">"Louisiana"</a> (1918)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1920s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1921_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Three" title="1921 Atlantic hurricane season">Three</a> (1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1922_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Two" title="1922 Atlantic hurricane season">Two</a> (1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1923_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Five" title="1923 Atlantic hurricane season">Five</a> (1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Three" title="1924 Atlantic hurricane season">Three</a> (1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1926_Nova_Scotia_hurricane" title="1926 Nova Scotia hurricane">"Nova Scotia"</a> (1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1926_Louisiana_hurricane" title="1926 Louisiana hurricane">"Louisiana"</a> (1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1927_Nova_Scotia_hurricane" title="1927 Nova Scotia hurricane">"Nova Scotia"</a> (1927)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1930s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1930_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_One" title="1930 Atlantic hurricane season">One</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1933_Cuba%E2%80%93Bahamas_hurricane" title="1933 Cuba–Bahamas hurricane">"Cuba–Bahamas"</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1934_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Thirteen" title="1934 Atlantic hurricane season">Thirteen</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_Mid-Atlantic_hurricane" title="1936 Mid-Atlantic hurricane">"Mid-Atlantic"</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1937_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Six" title="1937 Atlantic hurricane season">Six</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Four" title="1938 Atlantic hurricane season">Four</a> (1938)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1940s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1941_Texas_hurricane" title="1941 Texas hurricane">"Texas"</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1941_Florida_hurricane" title="1941 Florida hurricane">"Florida"</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_Matagorda_hurricane" title="1942 Matagorda hurricane">"Matagorda"</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1943_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Four" title="1943 Atlantic hurricane season">Four</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Four" title="1944 Atlantic hurricane season">Four</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1945_Texas_hurricane" title="1945 Texas hurricane">"Texas"</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1947_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Ten_(Love)" title="1947 Atlantic hurricane season">Love</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Three_(Able)" title="1948 Atlantic hurricane season">Able</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Miami_hurricane" title="1948 Miami hurricane">Fox</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1949_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Four" title="1949 Atlantic hurricane season">Four</a> (1949)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1950–present" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1950–present</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Able_(1950)" title="Hurricane Able (1950)">Able</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Easy_(1950)" title="Hurricane Easy (1950)">Easy</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Jig" title="1950 Atlantic hurricane season">Jig</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Charlie" title="1952 Atlantic hurricane season">Charlie</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Edna" title="1953 Atlantic hurricane season">Edna</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Florence_(1953)" title="Hurricane Florence (1953)">Florence</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Carol" title="Hurricane Carol">Carol</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Edna" title="Hurricane Edna">Edna</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Hilda_(1955)" title="Hurricane Hilda (1955)">Hilda</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Betsy_(1956)" title="Hurricane Betsy (1956)">Betsy</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Audrey" title="Hurricane Audrey">Audrey</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Hannah" title="1959 Atlantic hurricane season">Hannah</a> (1959)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Ethel_(1960)" title="Hurricane Ethel (1960)">Ethel</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Arlene_(1963)" title="Hurricane Arlene (1963)">Arlene</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Beulah" title="1963 Atlantic hurricane season">Beulah</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Isbell" title="Hurricane Isbell">Isbell</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Alma_(1966)" title="Hurricane Alma (1966)">Alma</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Faith" title="Hurricane Faith">Faith</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Debbie_(1969)" title="Hurricane Debbie (1969)">Debbie</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Francelia" title="Hurricane Francelia">Francelia</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Gerda" title="Hurricane Gerda">Gerda</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Inga" title="Hurricane Inga">Inga</a> (1969)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Ella_(1970)" title="Hurricane Ella (1970)">Ella</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Ellen" title="1973 Atlantic hurricane season">Ellen</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Becky" title="1974 Atlantic hurricane season">Becky</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Caroline" title="Hurricane Caroline">Caroline</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Eloise" title="Hurricane Eloise">Eloise</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Belle" title="Hurricane Belle">Belle</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Frances" title="1976 Atlantic hurricane season">Frances</a> (1976)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1980_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Frances" title="1980 Atlantic hurricane season">Frances</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Floyd" title="1981 Atlantic hurricane season">Floyd</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Irene" title="1981 Atlantic hurricane season">Irene</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Alicia" title="Hurricane Alicia">Alicia</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Elena" title="Hurricane Elena">Elena</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Kate_(1985)" title="Hurricane Kate (1985)">Kate</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Emily_(1987)" title="Hurricane Emily (1987)">Emily</a> (1987)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Gustav_(1990)" title="Hurricane Gustav (1990)">Gustav</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Bob" title="Hurricane Bob">Bob</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Emily_(1993)" title="Hurricane Emily (1993)">Emily</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Marilyn" title="Hurricane Marilyn">Marilyn</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Roxanne" title="Hurricane Roxanne">Roxanne</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Bertha_(1996)" title="Hurricane Bertha (1996)">Bertha</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Fran" title="Hurricane Fran">Fran</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Isidore" title="1996 Atlantic hurricane season">Isidore</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Lili_(1996)" title="Hurricane Lili (1996)">Lili</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Erika_(1997)" title="Hurricane Erika (1997)">Erika</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Bonnie_(1998)" title="Hurricane Bonnie (1998)">Bonnie</a> (1998)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Alberto_(2000)" title="Hurricane Alberto (2000)">Alberto</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Erin_(2001)" title="Hurricane Erin (2001)">Erin</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Felix" title="2001 Atlantic hurricane season">Felix</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Isidore" title="Hurricane Isidore">Isidore</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Kate_(2003)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurricane Kate (2003)">Kate</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Alex_(2004)" title="Hurricane Alex (2004)">Alex</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Jeanne" title="Hurricane Jeanne">Jeanne</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Maria_(2005)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurricane Maria (2005)">Maria</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Beta" title="Hurricane Beta">Beta</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Gordon_(2006)" title="Hurricane Gordon (2006)">Gordon</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Helene_(2006)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurricane Helene (2006)">Helene</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Bertha_(2008)" title="Hurricane Bertha (2008)">Bertha</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Fred_(2009)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurricane Fred (2009)">Fred</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Karl" title="Hurricane Karl">Karl</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Irene" title="Hurricane Irene">Irene</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Rina" title="Hurricane Rina">Rina</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Michael" title="2012 Atlantic hurricane season">Michael</a> (2012)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sandy</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Edouard" title="2014 Atlantic hurricane season">Edouard</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Danny_(2015)" title="Hurricane Danny (2015)">Danny</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Gaston" title="2016 Atlantic hurricane season">Gaston</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Otto" title="Hurricane Otto">Otto</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Lee" title="2017 Atlantic hurricane season">Lee</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Ophelia_(2017)" title="Hurricane Ophelia (2017)">Ophelia</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Humberto_(2019)" title="Hurricane Humberto (2019)">Humberto</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Epsilon_(2020)" title="Hurricane Epsilon (2020)">Epsilon</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Zeta" title="Hurricane Zeta">Zeta</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Grace" title="Hurricane Grace">Grace</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Larry" title="Hurricane Larry">Larry</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Rafael_(2024)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurricane Rafael (2024)">Rafael</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Category_2_Atlantic_hurricanes" title="Category:Category 2 Atlantic hurricanes">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Tropical_cyclones" title="Portal:Tropical cyclones">Tropical cyclones portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Major_snow_and_ice_events_in_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_winter_storms" title="Template:United States winter storms"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_winter_storms" title="Template talk:United States winter storms"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_winter_storms" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States winter storms"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Major_snow_and_ice_events_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_major_snow_and_ice_events_in_the_United_States" title="List of major snow and ice events in the United States">Major snow and ice events in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Seasons: <a href="/wiki/2009%E2%80%9310_North_American_winter" title="2009–10 North American winter">2009–10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311_North_American_winter" title="2010–11 North American winter">2010–11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%9312_North_American_winter" title="2011–12 North American winter">2011–12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012%E2%80%9313_North_American_winter" title="2012–13 North American winter">2012–13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013%E2%80%9314_North_American_winter" title="2013–14 North American winter">2013–14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014%E2%80%9315_North_American_winter" title="2014–15 North American winter">2014–15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%9316_North_American_winter" title="2015–16 North American winter">2015–16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016%E2%80%9317_North_American_winter" title="2016–17 North American winter">2016–17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017%E2%80%9318_North_American_winter" title="2017–18 North American winter">2017–18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319_North_American_winter" title="2018–19 North American winter">2018–19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_North_American_winter" title="2019–20 North American winter">2019–20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_North_American_winter" title="2020–21 North American winter">2020–21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%9322_North_American_winter" title="2021–22 North American winter">2021–22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022%E2%80%9323_North_American_winter" title="2022–23 North American winter">2022–23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023%E2%80%9324_North_American_winter" title="2023–24 North American winter">2023–24</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18th–19th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1717 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Snow_of_1717" title="The Great Snow of 1717">Feb 27–Mar 7</a></li></ul></li> <li>1804 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1804_New_England_hurricane" title="1804 New England hurricane">Oct 4–11</a></li></ul></li> <li>1886 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1886_blizzard" title="January 1886 blizzard">Jan 6–10</a></li></ul></li> <li>1888 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Schoolhouse_Blizzard" title="Schoolhouse Blizzard">Jan 12–13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Blizzard_of_1888" title="Great Blizzard of 1888">Mar 11–14</a></li></ul></li> <li>1899 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Blizzard_of_1899" title="Great Blizzard of 1899">Feb 11–14</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1900 <ul><li>Feb 27 – Mar 3</li></ul></li> <li>1905 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mataafa_Storm" title="Mataafa Storm">Nov 27–28</a></li></ul></li> <li>1913 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Storm_of_1913" title="Great Lakes Storm of 1913">Nov 6–11</a></li></ul></li> <li>1920 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1920_North_Dakota_blizzard" title="1920 North Dakota blizzard">Mar 15–18</a></li></ul></li> <li>1922 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Knickerbocker_storm" title="Knickerbocker storm">Jan 27–28</a></li></ul></li> <li>1940 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1940_Armistice_Day_Blizzard" title="1940 Armistice Day Blizzard">Nov 10–12</a></li></ul></li> <li>1947 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_American_blizzard_of_1947" title="North American blizzard of 1947">Dec 25–26</a></li></ul></li> <li>1950 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Appalachian_Storm_of_1950" title="Great Appalachian Storm of 1950">Nov 24–30</a></li></ul></li> <li>1952 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_1952_nor%27easter" title="February 1952 nor'easter">Feb 17–18</a></li></ul></li> <li>1956 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_18%E2%80%9320,_1956,_nor%27easter" title="March 18–20, 1956, nor'easter">Mar 18–19</a></li></ul></li> <li>1958 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_18%E2%80%9322,_1958,_nor%27easter" title="March 18–22, 1958, nor'easter">Mar 18–22</a></li></ul></li> <li>1960 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_1960_nor%27easter" title="March 1960 nor'easter">Mar 2–5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1960_nor%27easter" title="December 1960 nor'easter">Dec 11–13</a></li></ul></li> <li>1961 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_American_ice_storm_of_January_1961" title="North American ice storm of January 1961">Jan 11–13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_1961_nor%27easter" title="January 1961 nor'easter">Jan 18–21</a></li> <li>Feb 2–5</li></ul></li> <li>1962 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ash_Wednesday_Storm_of_1962" title="Ash Wednesday Storm of 1962">Mar 6–8</a></li></ul></li> <li>1963 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Ginny" title="Hurricane Ginny">Oct 25–30</a></li></ul></li> <li>1964 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_Eve_1963_snowstorm" title="New Year's Eve 1963 snowstorm">Dec 30, 1963 – Jan 4</a></li></ul></li> <li>1966 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_American_blizzard_of_1966" title="North American blizzard of 1966">Jan 27–31</a></li></ul></li> <li>1967 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1967_Chicago_blizzard" title="1967 Chicago blizzard">Jan 26–27</a></li></ul></li> <li>1969 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_1969_nor%27easter" title="February 1969 nor'easter">Feb 8–10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1969_nor%27easter" title="March 1969 nor'easter">Mar 5–8</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/December_1969_nor%27easter" title="December 1969 nor'easter">Dec 25–28</a>)</li></ul></li> <li>1971 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Canadian_blizzard_of_March_1971" title="Eastern Canadian blizzard of March 1971">Mar 3–5</a></li></ul></li> <li>1973 <ul><li>Feb 9–11</li></ul></li> <li>1975 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Storm_of_1975" title="Great Storm of 1975">Jan 9–12</a></li></ul></li> <li>1976 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Groundhog_Day_gale_of_1976" title="Groundhog Day gale of 1976">Feb 2</a></li></ul></li> <li>1977 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blizzard_of_1977" title="Blizzard of 1977">Jan 28 – Feb 1</a></li></ul></li> <li>1978 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Blizzard_of_1978" title="Great Blizzard of 1978">Jan 25–27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States_blizzard_of_1978" title="Northeastern United States blizzard of 1978">Feb 5–7</a></li></ul></li> <li>1979 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1979_Chicago_blizzard" title="1979 Chicago blizzard">Jan 13–14</a></li></ul></li> <li>1983 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_1983_North_American_blizzard" title="February 1983 North American blizzard">February 9–12</a></li></ul></li> <li>1989 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/December_1989_United_States_cold_wave" title="December 1989 United States cold wave">Dec 22 – 24</a></li></ul></li> <li>1991 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1991_Halloween_blizzard" title="1991 Halloween blizzard">Oct 31 – Nov 3</a></li></ul></li> <li>1992 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/December_1992_nor%27easter" title="December 1992 nor'easter">Dec 10–12</a></li></ul></li> <li>1993 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1993_Storm_of_the_Century" title="1993 Storm of the Century">Mar 12–15</a></li></ul></li> <li>1995 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_1995_nor%27easter" title="February 1995 nor'easter">Feb 2–6</a></li></ul></li> <li>1996 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_American_blizzard_of_1996" title="North American blizzard of 1996">Jan 6–10</a></li></ul></li> <li>1997 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1997_April_Fool%27s_Day_blizzard" title="1997 April Fool's Day blizzard">Mar 31 – Apr 1</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/1997_Western_Plains_winter_storms" class="mw-redirect" title="1997 Western Plains winter storms">Oct 24–26</a></li></ul></li> <li>1998 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1998_North_American_ice_storm" title="January 1998 North American ice storm">Jan 4–10</a></li></ul></li> <li>1999 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_American_blizzard_of_1999" title="North American blizzard of 1999">Jan 2–4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_1999_North_American_ice_storm" title="January 1999 North American ice storm">Jan 14–15</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">21st century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2000 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_2000_North_American_blizzard" title="January 2000 North American blizzard">Jan 18–30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2000_nor%27easter" title="December 2000 nor'easter">Dec 27–31</a></li></ul></li> <li>2002 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2002_Central_Plains_ice_storm" title="2002 Central Plains ice storm">Jan 29–31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Valley_Surprise_of_2002" title="South Valley Surprise of 2002">Feb 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_ice_storm_of_2002" title="North Carolina ice storm of 2002">Dec 4–5</a></li></ul></li> <li>2003 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_American_blizzard_of_2003" title="North American blizzard of 2003">Feb 14–19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2003_nor%27easter" title="December 2003 nor'easter">Dec 5–8</a></li></ul></li> <li>2004 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_Juan" title="White Juan">Feb 17–23</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/December_21%E2%80%9324,_2004,_North_American_winter_storm" title="December 21–24, 2004, North American winter storm">Dec 21–24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Christmas_Eve_United_States_winter_storm" title="2004 Christmas Eve United States winter storm">Dec 24–28</a></li></ul></li> <li>2005 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_American_blizzard_of_2005" title="North American blizzard of 2005">Jan 20–23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2005_North_American_ice_storm" title="December 2005 North American ice storm">Dec 14–16</a></li></ul></li> <li>2006 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_American_blizzard_of_2006" title="North American blizzard of 2006">Feb 11–13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Storm_Aphid" title="Lake Storm Aphid">Oct 11–13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2006_nor%27easter" title="November 2006 nor'easter">Nov 20–24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Winter_2006_North_American_storm_complex" title="Early Winter 2006 North American storm complex">Nov 26 – Dec 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Colorado_Holiday_Blizzards" title="2006 Colorado Holiday Blizzards">Dec 20 – Jan 1</a></li></ul></li> <li>2007 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_2007_North_American_ice_storm" title="January 2007 North American ice storm">Jan 11–24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2007_North_American_blizzard" title="February 2007 North American blizzard">Feb 12–20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2007_nor%27easter" title="April 2007 nor'easter">Apr 13–17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Coastal_Gale_of_2007" title="Great Coastal Gale of 2007">Nov 29 – Dec 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_December_2007_North_American_winter_storm" title="Early December 2007 North American winter storm">Nov 29 – Dec 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-December_2007_North_American_winter_storms" title="Mid-December 2007 North American winter storms">Dec 8–18</a></li></ul></li> <li>2008 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_2008_North_American_storm_complex" title="January 2008 North American storm complex">Jan 3–11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_blizzard_of_2008" title="North American blizzard of 2008">Mar 6–10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2008_Northeastern_United_States_ice_storm" title="December 2008 Northeastern United States ice storm">Dec 11–12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2008_North_American_snowstorms" title="December 2008 North American snowstorms">Dec 19–25</a></li></ul></li> <li>2009 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_2009_North_American_ice_storm" title="January 2009 North American ice storm">Jan 25–30</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/October_2009_North_American_storm_complex" title="October 2009 North American storm complex">Oct 13–20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2009_North_American_blizzard" title="December 2009 North American blizzard">Dec 16–20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_North_American_Christmas_blizzard" title="2009 North American Christmas blizzard">Dec 22–28</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2010 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_2010_North_American_winter_storms" title="January 2010 North American winter storms">Jan 17–26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_5%E2%80%936,_2010_North_American_blizzard" title="February 5–6, 2010 North American blizzard">Feb 1–6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_9%E2%80%9310,_2010_North_American_blizzard" title="February 9–10, 2010 North American blizzard">Feb 7–11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_25%E2%80%9327,_2010_North_American_blizzard" title="February 25–27, 2010 North American blizzard">Feb 24–27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2010_nor%27easter" title="March 2010 nor'easter">Mar 12–16</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/October_2010_North_American_storm_complex" title="October 2010 North American storm complex">Oct 23–28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2010_North_American_blizzard" title="December 2010 North American blizzard">Dec 5–29</a></li></ul></li> <li>2011 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_8%E2%80%9313,_2011_North_American_blizzard" title="January 8–13, 2011 North American blizzard">Jan 8–13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_25%E2%80%9327,_2011_North_American_blizzard" title="January 25–27, 2011 North American blizzard">Jan 24–28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Groundhog_Day_blizzard" title="2011 Groundhog Day blizzard">Jan 29 – Feb 3</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/2011_Halloween_nor%27easter" title="2011 Halloween nor'easter">Oct 28 – Nov 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2011_Bering_Sea_cyclone" title="November 2011 Bering Sea cyclone">Nov 8–10</a></li></ul></li> <li>2012 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_2012_Pacific_Northwest_snowstorm" title="January 2012 Pacific Northwest snowstorm">Jan 16–20</a>)</li> <li>(<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oct 29 – Nov 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2012_nor%27easter" title="November 2012 nor'easter">Nov 7–10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_17%E2%80%9322,_2012_North_American_blizzard" title="December 17–22, 2012 North American blizzard">Dec 17–22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Late_December_2012_North_American_storm_complex" title="Late December 2012 North American storm complex">Dec 25–28</a></li></ul></li> <li>2013 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_2013_North_American_blizzard" title="February 2013 North American blizzard">Feb 7–18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012%E2%80%9313_North_American_winter#Late_February_winter_storm" title="2012–13 North American winter">Feb 22 – Mar 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2013_nor%27easter" title="March 2013 nor'easter">Mar 1–10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Late_March_2013_North_American_storm_complex" class="mw-redirect" title="Late March 2013 North American storm complex">Mar 18–20</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/October_2013_North_American_storm_complex" title="October 2013 North American storm complex">Oct 3–5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2013_North_American_storm_complex" class="mw-redirect" title="November 2013 North American storm complex">Nov 22–28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2013_North_American_storm_complex" title="December 2013 North American storm complex">Dec 19–23</a></li></ul></li> <li>2014 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_2%E2%80%934,_2014_North_American_blizzard" title="January 2–4, 2014 North American blizzard">Dec 30, 2013 – Jan 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_20%E2%80%9322,_2014_North_American_blizzard" title="January 20–22, 2014 North American blizzard">Jan 20–22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2014_Gulf_Coast_winter_storm" title="January 2014 Gulf Coast winter storm">Jan 27–31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2014_nor%27easter" title="February 2014 nor'easter">Feb 11–14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013%E2%80%9314_North_American_winter#Late_February_storm_complex" title="2013–14 North American winter">Feb 19–21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2014_North_American_winter_storm" title="March 2014 North American winter storm">Feb 27 – Mar 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2014_nor%27easter" class="mw-redirect" title="March 2014 nor'easter">Mar 24–28</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/November_2014_Bering_Sea_cyclone" title="November 2014 Bering Sea cyclone">Nov 8–13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_13%E2%80%9321,_2014_North_American_winter_storm" title="November 13–21, 2014 North American winter storm">Nov 13–21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_December_2014_nor%27easter" class="mw-redirect" title="Early December 2014 nor'easter">Dec 9–11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2014_North_American_storm_complex" title="December 2014 North American storm complex">Dec 10–27</a></li></ul></li> <li>2015 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_2015_North_American_blizzard" title="January 2015 North American blizzard">Jan 23–30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_31_%E2%80%93_February_2,_2015_North_American_blizzard" title="January 31 – February 2, 2015 North American blizzard">Jan 31 – Feb 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_14%E2%80%9315,_2015_North_American_blizzard" title="February 14–15, 2015 North American blizzard">Feb 12–17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014%E2%80%9315_North_American_winter#Late_February–early_March_winter_storms" title="2014–15 North American winter">Feb 20 – Mar 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2015_Southeastern_United_States_winter_storm" title="February 2015 Southeastern United States winter storm">Feb 25–26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2015_North_American_winter_storm" title="March 2015 North American winter storm">Mar 1–6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_sequence_of_May_5%E2%80%9310,_2015#Winter_storm_side" title="Tornado outbreak sequence of May 5–10, 2015">May 9–11</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/November_2015_North_American_ice_storm" class="mw-redirect" title="November 2015 North American ice storm">Nov 24–27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2015_North_American_storm_complex" title="December 2015 North American storm complex">Dec 26–30</a></li></ul></li> <li>2016 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_2016_United_States_blizzard" title="January 2016 United States blizzard">Jan 21–24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2016_North_American_winter_storm" title="February 2016 North American winter storm">Jan 29 – Feb 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_February_2016_nor%27easter" class="mw-redirect" title="Early February 2016 nor'easter">Feb 7–10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_February_23%E2%80%9324,_2016" title="Tornado outbreak of February 23–24, 2016">Feb 23–24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%9316_North_American_winter#March_extreme_weather_events" title="2015–16 North American winter">Mar 8–11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Late_March_2016_North_American_blizzard" class="mw-redirect" title="Late March 2016 North American blizzard">Mar 21–25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2016_North_American_storm_complex" title="April 2016 North American storm complex">Apr 15–23</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/2016_North_American_Christmas_blizzard" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 North American Christmas blizzard">Dec 23–26</a></li></ul></li> <li>2017 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_4%E2%80%938,_2017,_North_American_winter_storm" class="mw-redirect" title="January 4–8, 2017, North American winter storm">Jan 4–8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_California_floods" title="2017 California floods">Jan 7–13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2017_North_American_ice_storm" title="January 2017 North American ice storm">Jan 10–17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_California_floods" title="2017 California floods">Jan 19–24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_January_21%E2%80%9323,_2017#Non-tornadic_events" title="Tornado outbreak of January 21–23, 2017">Jan 21–23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_9%E2%80%9311,_2017,_North_American_blizzard" class="mw-redirect" title="February 9–11, 2017, North American blizzard">Feb 6–10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_12%E2%80%9314,_2017,_North_American_blizzard" class="mw-redirect" title="February 12–14, 2017, North American blizzard">Feb 12–14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_California_floods" title="2017 California floods">Feb 8–22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2017_North_American_blizzard" title="March 2017 North American blizzard">Mar 11–15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_and_floods_of_April_28_%E2%80%93_May_1,_2017#Snow_impacts" title="Tornado outbreak and floods of April 28 – May 1, 2017">Apr 28 – May 1</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/October_2017_North_American_storm_complex" class="mw-redirect" title="October 2017 North American storm complex">Oct 29–31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2017_North_American_winter_storm" title="December 2017 North American winter storm">Dec 8–10</a></li></ul></li> <li>2018 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_2018_North_American_blizzard" title="January 2018 North American blizzard">Jan 2–5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017%E2%80%9318_North_American_winter#Mid-January_winter_storms" title="2017–18 North American winter">Jan 13–16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1%E2%80%933,_2018_nor%27easter" title="March 1–3, 2018 nor'easter">Mar 1–3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_6%E2%80%938,_2018_nor%27easter" title="March 6–8, 2018 nor'easter">Mar 6–8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_11%E2%80%9315,_2018_nor%27easter" title="March 11–15, 2018 nor'easter">Mar 11–15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_20%E2%80%9322,_2018_nor%27easter" title="March 20–22, 2018 nor'easter">Mar 20–22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2018_North_American_storm_complex" title="April 2018 North American storm complex">Apr 12–15</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/November_2018_North_American_winter_storm" title="November 2018 North American winter storm">Nov 14-15</a>)</li></ul></li> <li>2019 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_2019_North_American_winter_storm" title="January 2019 North American winter storm">Jan 16–21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2019_North_American_winter_storm" title="February 2019 North American winter storm">Feb 11–13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_March_3,_2019#Non-tornadic_impacts" title="Tornado outbreak of March 3, 2019">March 3-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2019_North_American_blizzard" title="March 2019 North American blizzard">Mar 11–15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2019_North_American_blizzard" title="April 2019 North American blizzard">Apr 10–12</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/November_26_%E2%80%93_December_3,_2019_North_American_blizzard" title="November 26 – December 3, 2019 North American blizzard">Nov 26 – Dec 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2019_North_American_storm_complex" title="December 2019 North American storm complex">Dec 21–26</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2020 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_2020_North_American_storm_complex" title="January 2020 North American storm complex">Jan 14–19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_Ciara" title="Storm Ciara">Feb 2–5</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_North_American_winter#Late_October_ice_storm" title="2020–21 North American winter">Oct 26–28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Zeta" title="Hurricane Zeta">Oct 29–30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2020_North_American_storm_complex" title="November 2020 North American storm complex">Nov 29 – Dec 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_5%E2%80%936,_2020_nor%27easter" title="December 5–6, 2020 nor'easter">Dec 4–6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_15%E2%80%9317,_2020_nor%27easter" title="December 15–17, 2020 nor'easter">Dec 14–18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_North_American_winter#Christmas_Week_blizzard" title="2020–21 North American winter">Dec 23–25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_New_Year%27s_North_American_winter_storm" title="2020–21 New Year's North American winter storm">Dec 30 – Jan 2, 2021</a></li></ul></li> <li>2021 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_North_American_winter#Mid-January_blizzard" title="2020–21 North American winter">Jan 12–17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_31_%E2%80%93_February_3,_2021_nor%27easter" title="January 31 – February 3, 2021 nor'easter">Jan 25 – Feb 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_6%E2%80%938,_2021_nor%27easter" title="February 6–8, 2021 nor'easter">Feb 6–8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2021_North_American_ice_storm" class="mw-redirect" title="February 2021 North American ice storm">Feb 10–12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_11%E2%80%9314,_2021_North_American_storm_complex" class="mw-redirect" title="February 11–14, 2021 North American storm complex">Feb 11–14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_13%E2%80%9317,_2021_North_American_winter_storm" title="February 13–17, 2021 North American winter storm">Feb 13–17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_15%E2%80%9320,_2021_North_American_winter_storm" title="February 15–20, 2021 North American winter storm">Feb 15–20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2021_North_American_blizzard" title="March 2021 North American blizzard">Mar 10–17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_March_16%E2%80%9318,_2021#Southern_Plains" title="Tornado outbreak of March 16–18, 2021">Mar 16–17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2021_nor%27easter" title="April 2021 nor'easter">Apr 15–17</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/October_2021_Northeast_Pacific_bomb_cyclone" title="October 2021 Northeast Pacific bomb cyclone">Oct 24–26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_December_10%E2%80%9311,_2021" title="Tornado outbreak of December 10–11, 2021">Dec 9–12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2021_Midwest_derecho_and_tornado_outbreak" title="December 2021 Midwest derecho and tornado outbreak">Dec 13–18</a></li></ul></li> <li>2022 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_3%E2%80%934,_2022_nor%27easter" title="January 3–4, 2022 nor'easter">Jan 3–4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_14%E2%80%9317,_2022_North_American_winter_storm" title="January 14–17, 2022 North American winter storm">Jan 14–17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2022_North_American_blizzard" title="January 2022 North American blizzard">Jan 27–30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2022_North_American_winter_storm" title="February 2022 North American winter storm">Feb 1–5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Late_February_2022_North_American_winter_storm" class="mw-redirect" title="Late February 2022 North American winter storm">Feb 22-26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2022_North_American_storm_complex#Blizzard" title="April 2022 North American storm complex">Apr 11-14</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/November_2022_Great_Lakes_winter_storm" title="November 2022 Great Lakes winter storm">Nov 17–20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_December_12%E2%80%9315,_2022#Non-tornadic_impacts" title="Tornado outbreak of December 12–15, 2022">Dec 12-16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2022_North_American_winter_storm" title="December 2022 North American winter storm">Dec 21–26</a></li></ul></li> <li>2023 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_31_%E2%80%93_February_2,_2023_North_American_ice_storm" title="January 31 – February 2, 2023 North American ice storm">Jan 31–Feb 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2023_North_American_storm_complex" title="February 2023 North American storm complex">Feb 21–28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2023_North_American_winter_storm" title="March 2023 North American winter storm">Mar 9–17</a></li></ul></li> <li>2024 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023%E2%80%9324_North_American_winter#Early_January_nor'easter" title="2023–24 North American winter">Jan 6–7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_8-10,_2024_North_American_storm_complex" class="mw-redirect" title="January 8-10, 2024 North American storm complex">Jan 8–10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_13%E2%80%9316,_2024_North_American_winter_storm" title="January 13–16, 2024 North American winter storm">Jan 13–16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2024_California_atmospheric_rivers" title="February 2024 California atmospheric rivers">Feb 1–7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2024_nor%27easter" title="February 2024 nor'easter">Feb 10–13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023%E2%80%9324_North_American_winter#Mid-February_Mid-Atlantic_winter_storm" title="2023–24 North American winter">Feb 16–17</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cold_wave" title="Cold wave">Cold wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_weather" title="Extreme weather">Extreme weather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extratropical_cyclone" title="Extratropical cyclone">Extratropical cyclone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polar_vortex" title="Polar vortex">Polar vortex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_storm_naming_in_the_United_States" title="Winter storm naming in the United States">Storm naming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hurricane_Sandy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hurricane_Sandy_series" title="Template:Hurricane Sandy series"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hurricane_Sandy_series" title="Template talk:Hurricane Sandy series"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hurricane_Sandy_series" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hurricane Sandy series"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hurricane_Sandy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hurricane Sandy</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meteorological_history_of_Hurricane_Sandy" title="Meteorological history of Hurricane Sandy">Meteorological history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_impact_of_Hurricane_Sandy" title="Political impact of Hurricane Sandy">Political impact</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Effects by region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_Hurricane_Sandy_in_the_Greater_Antilles" title="Effects of Hurricane Sandy in the Greater Antilles">Greater Antilles</a></li> <li>United States <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_Hurricane_Sandy_in_Maryland_and_Washington,_D.C." title="Effects of Hurricane Sandy in Maryland and Washington, D.C.">Maryland and Washington, D.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_Hurricane_Sandy_in_New_Jersey" title="Effects of Hurricane Sandy in New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_Hurricane_Sandy_in_New_York" title="Effects of Hurricane Sandy in New York">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_Hurricane_Sandy_in_New_England" title="Effects of Hurricane Sandy in New England">New England</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_Hurricane_Sandy_in_Canada" title="Effects of Hurricane Sandy in Canada">Canada</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Sandy_2012-10-29_1815Z.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Sandy_2012-10-29_1815Z.jpg/40px-Sandy_2012-10-29_1815Z.jpg" decoding="async" width="40" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Sandy_2012-10-29_1815Z.jpg/60px-Sandy_2012-10-29_1815Z.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Sandy_2012-10-29_1815Z.jpg/80px-Sandy_2012-10-29_1815Z.jpg 2x" data-file-width="11202" data-file-height="18000" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bounty_(1960_ship)" title="Bounty (1960 ship)">Bounty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._Caddell" title="John B. Caddell">John B. Caddell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Christie" title="Chris Christie">Chris Christie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Langford" title="Lorenzo Langford">Lorenzo Langford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Sandy:_Coming_Together" title="Hurricane Sandy: Coming Together">Hurricane Sandy: Coming Together</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupy_Sandy" title="Occupy Sandy">Occupy Sandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12-12-12:_The_Concert_for_Sandy_Relief" title="12-12-12: The Concert for Sandy Relief">12-12-12: The Concert for Sandy Relief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14th_Street_Tunnel_shutdown" title="14th Street Tunnel shutdown">14th Street Tunnel shutdown</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Barack_Obama" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Barack_Obama" title="Template:Barack Obama"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Barack_Obama" title="Template talk:Barack Obama"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Barack_Obama" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Barack Obama"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Barack_Obama" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">44th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (2009–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Illinois" title="List of United States senators from Illinois">from Illinois</a> (2005–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Senate" title="Illinois Senate">Illinois Senator</a> from the 13th district (1997–2004)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life and politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_life_and_career_of_Barack_Obama" title="Early life and career of Barack Obama">Early life and career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Senate_career_of_Barack_Obama" title="Illinois Senate career of Barack Obama">Illinois Senate career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2004 Democratic National Convention">2004 Democratic National Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_career_of_Barack_Obama" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate career of Barack Obama">U.S. Senate career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Barack_Obama" title="Political positions of Barack Obama">Political positions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Barack Obama administration">Administration foreign policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Cannabis policy of the Barack Obama administration">Cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_on_mass_surveillance" title="Barack Obama on mass surveillance">Mass surveillance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Social policy of the Barack Obama administration">Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Space policy of the Barack Obama administration">Space</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2009 Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Wing_Week" title="West Wing Week">West Wing Week</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidency of Barack Obama">Presidency</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency">timeline</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidential transition of Barack Obama">Transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama" title="First inauguration of Barack Obama">2009 inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama" title="Second inauguration of Barack Obama">2013 inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_100_days_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency" title="First 100 days of the Barack Obama presidency">First 100 days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency">Timeline</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_(2009)" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2009)">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_(2010)" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2010)">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_(2011)" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2011)">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_(2012)" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2012)">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_(2013)" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2013)">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_(2014)" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2014)">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_(2015)" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2015)">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2016–2017)">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_(2016%E2%80%932017)#January_2017" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2016–2017)">January 2017</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Barack Obama administration">Foreign policy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_foreign_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Middle Eastern foreign policy of the Barack Obama administration">Middle East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)#Reassessment_and_renewed_commitment_from_2008" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_United_States_troops_from_Iraq_(2007%E2%80%932011)" title="Withdrawal of United States troops from Iraq (2007–2011)">Iraq withdrawal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Osama_bin_Laden" title="Killing of Osama bin Laden">Killing of Osama bin Laden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Benghazi_attack" title="2012 Benghazi attack">Benghazi attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US-led_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014%E2%80%932021)" title="US-led intervention in Iraq (2014–2021)">Return to Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="US intervention in the Syrian civil war">War in Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action" title="Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action">Iran nuclear deal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_foreign_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="East Asian foreign policy of the Barack Obama administration">Pivot to Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_thaw" title="Cuban thaw">Cuban thaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obama_Doctrine" title="Obama Doctrine">Obama Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_foreign_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="European foreign policy of the Barack Obama administration">Europe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Economic policy of the Barack Obama administration">Economic policy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affordable_Care_Act" title="Affordable Care Act">Affordable Care Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Recovery_and_Reinvestment_Act_of_2009" title="American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009">American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodd%E2%80%93Frank_Wall_Street_Reform_and_Consumer_Protection_Act" title="Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act">Dodd–Frank Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilly_Ledbetter_Fair_Pay_Act_of_2009" title="Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009">Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Energy policy of the Barack Obama administration">Energy</a>/Environmental <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frank_R._Lautenberg_Chemical_Safety_for_the_21st_Century_Act" title="Frank R. Lautenberg Chemical Safety for the 21st Century Act">Lautenberg Chemical Safety Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Marine policy of the Barack Obama administration">Marine policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Energy_for_America" title="New Energy for America">New Energy for America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulation_of_greenhouse_gases_under_the_Clean_Air_Act" title="Regulation of greenhouse gases under the Clean Air Act">Regulation of greenhouse gases under the Clean Air Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clean_Power_Plan" title="Clean Power Plan">Clean Power Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clean_Water_Act" title="Clean Water Act">Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act of 2014</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthy,_Hunger-Free_Kids_Act_of_2010" title="Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010">Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_START" title="New START">New START</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moving_Ahead_for_Progress_in_the_21st_Century_Act" title="Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act">MAP-21st Century Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fixing_America%27s_Surface_Transportation_Act" title="Fixing America's Surface Transportation Act">FAST Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_granted_executive_clemency_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of people granted executive clemency by Barack Obama">Pardons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama">Presidential trips</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_(2009)" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2009)">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_(2010)" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2010)">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_(2011)" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2011)">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_(2012)" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2012)">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_(2013)" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2013)">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_(2014)" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2014)">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_(2015)" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2015)">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_(2016%E2%80%932017)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2016–2017)">2016–17</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of international presidential trips made by Barack Obama">international</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of federal judges appointed by Barack Obama">Judicial appointments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="Barack Obama Supreme Court candidates">Supreme Court</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Sotomayor_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Sonia Sotomayor Supreme Court nomination">Sotomayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elena_Kagan_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Elena Kagan Supreme Court nomination">Kagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merrick_Garland_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Merrick Garland Supreme Court nomination">Garland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_judicial_appointment_controversies" title="Barack Obama judicial appointment controversies">controversies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Barack_Obama" title="Cabinet of Barack Obama">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_Presidential_Center" title="Barack Obama Presidential Center">Presidential Library and Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_executive_actions_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of executive actions by Barack Obama">Executive actions</a> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Barack_Hussein_Obama/Executive_orders" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:Barack Hussein Obama/Executive orders">Executive orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_memoranda_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of presidential memoranda by Barack Obama">Memoranda</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Barack_Obama/Presidential_Proclamations" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:Barack Obama/Presidential Proclamations">Proclamations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidential transition of Donald Trump">Trump transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plantation_Estate" title="Plantation Estate">Plantation Estate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Books_by_Barack_Obama" title="Category:Books by Barack Obama">Books</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dreams_from_My_Father" title="Dreams from My Father">Dreams from My Father (1995)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Audacity_of_Hope" title="The Audacity of Hope">The Audacity of Hope (2006)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Of_Thee_I_Sing_(book)" title="Of Thee I Sing (book)">Of Thee I Sing (2010)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Promised_Land" title="A Promised Land">A Promised Land (2020)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Speeches_of_Barack_Obama" title="Speeches of Barack Obama">Speeches</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/2004_Democratic_National_Convention_keynote_address" title="2004 Democratic National Convention keynote address">The Audacity of Hope</a>" (2004)</li> <li>"<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Remarks_of_Senator_Barack_Obama_on_New_Hampshire_Primary_Night" class="extiw" title="s:Remarks of Senator Barack Obama on New Hampshire Primary Night">Yes We Can</a>" (2008)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_More_Perfect_Union_(speech)" title="A More Perfect Union (speech)">A More Perfect Union</a>" (2008)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_election_victory_speech" title="Barack Obama 2008 presidential election victory speech">Change Has Come to America</a>" (2008)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama#Ceremony:_"A_New_Birth_of_Freedom"" title="First inauguration of Barack Obama">A New Birth of Freedom</a>" (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2009_Barack_Obama_speech_to_a_joint_session_of_Congress" title="February 2009 Barack Obama speech to a joint session of Congress">Joint session of Congress</a> (2009)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_New_Beginning_(speech)" title="A New Beginning (speech)">A New Beginning</a>" (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2009_Barack_Obama_speech_to_a_joint_session_of_Congress" title="September 2009 Barack Obama speech to a joint session of Congress">Joint session of Congress (health care reform)</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Union" title="State of the Union">State of the Union Address</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2010_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2010 State of the Union Address">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2011 State of the Union Address">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2012 State of the Union Address">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2013 State of the Union Address">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2014 State of the Union Address">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2015 State of the Union Address">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2016 State of the Union Address">2016</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_Tucson_memorial_speech" title="Barack Obama Tucson memorial speech">Tucson memorial speech</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Jobs_Act" title="American Jobs Act">Joint session of Congress (jobs)</a> (2011)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You_didn%27t_build_that" title="You didn't build that">You didn't build that</a>" (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_Selma_50th_anniversary_speech" title="Barack Obama Selma 50th anniversary speech">Selma 50th anniversary</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama%27s_farewell_address" title="Barack Obama's farewell address">Farewell address</a> (2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Barack_Obama" title="Electoral history of Barack Obama">Elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Illinois</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Senate_elections_of_Barack_Obama" title="Illinois Senate elections of Barack Obama">State Senate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Senate_elections_of_Barack_Obama#First_state_Senate_election,_1996" title="Illinois Senate elections of Barack Obama">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Senate_elections_of_Barack_Obama#Second_state_Senate_election,_1998" title="Illinois Senate elections of Barack Obama">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Senate_elections_of_Barack_Obama#Third_state_Senate_election,_2002" title="Illinois Senate elections of Barack Obama">2002</a></li></ul></li> <li>U.S. House of Representatives <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_Illinois%27s_1st_congressional_district_election" title="2000 Illinois's 1st congressional district election">2000</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">U.S. Senate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_Senate_election_in_Illinois" title="2004 United States Senate election in Illinois">2004</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidential</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign">2008 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republican_and_conservative_support_for_Barack_Obama_in_2008" title="Republican and conservative support for Barack Obama in 2008">GOP/conservative support</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_campaign_staff_members" title="List of Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign staff members">staff members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_primary_campaign" title="Barack Obama 2008 presidential primary campaign">primary campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2008 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">running mate selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2008 Democratic National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2008 United States presidential debates">debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="2008 United States presidential election">election</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Barack Obama 2012 presidential campaign">2012 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Barack_Obama_2012_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Barack Obama 2012 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2012 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2012 Democratic National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2012 United States presidential debates">debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">election</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Family_of_Barack_Obama" title="Family of Barack Obama">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama">Michelle Obama</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Dunham" title="Ann Dunham">Ann Dunham</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_Sr." title="Barack Obama Sr.">Barack Obama Sr.</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lolo_Soetoro" title="Lolo Soetoro">Lolo Soetoro</a> (stepfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Soetoro-Ng" title="Maya Soetoro-Ng">Maya Soetoro-Ng</a> (maternal half-sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Armour_Dunham" title="Stanley Armour Dunham">Stanley Armour Dunham</a> (maternal grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madelyn_Dunham" title="Madelyn Dunham">Madelyn Dunham</a> (maternal grandmother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auma_Obama" title="Auma Obama">Auma Obama</a> (paternal half-sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malik_Obama" title="Malik Obama">Malik Obama</a> (paternal half-brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Robinson" title="Marian Robinson">Marian Robinson</a> (mother-in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Robinson_(basketball)" title="Craig Robinson (basketball)">Craig Robinson</a> (brother-in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo_(dog)" title="Bo (dog)">Bo</a> (family dog)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunny_(dog)" title="Sunny (dog)">Sunny</a> (family dog)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Barack_Obama" title="Template:Barack Obama"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Barack_Obama" title="Template talk:Barack Obama"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Barack_Obama" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Barack Obama"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Public_image" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Public_image_of_Barack_Obama" title="Public image of Barack Obama">Public image</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">News and political events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey%27s_endorsement_of_Barack_Obama" title="Oprah Winfrey's endorsement of Barack Obama">Oprah Winfrey's endorsement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_citizenship_conspiracy_theories" title="Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories">Citizenship conspiracy theories</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_presidential_eligibility_litigation" title="Barack Obama presidential eligibility litigation">litigation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_religion_conspiracy_theories" title="Barack Obama religion conspiracy theories">Religion conspiracy theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Ayers_2008_presidential_election_controversy" title="Bill Ayers 2008 presidential election controversy">Bill Ayers controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright_controversy" title="Jeremiah Wright controversy">Jeremiah Wright controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_and_conservative_support_for_Barack_Obama_in_2008" title="Republican and conservative support for Barack Obama in 2008">Republican and conservative support (2008)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_incidents_involving_Barack_Obama" title="Security incidents involving Barack Obama">Assassination threats</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_assassination_plot_in_Denver" title="Barack Obama assassination plot in Denver">2008 Denver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_assassination_plot_in_Tennessee" title="Barack Obama assassination plot in Tennessee">2008 Tennessee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invitations_to_the_first_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama" title="Invitations to the first inauguration of Barack Obama">First inauguration invitations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_Are_One:_The_Obama_Inaugural_Celebration_at_the_Lincoln_Memorial" title="We Are One: The Obama Inaugural Celebration at the Lincoln Memorial">Inaugural Celebration at the Lincoln Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizen%27s_Briefing_Book" title="Citizen's Briefing Book">Citizen's Briefing Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_protests" title="Tea Party protests">Tea Party protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Energy_for_America" title="New Energy for America">New Energy for America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Louis_Gates_arrest_controversy#Presidential_involvement" title="Henry Louis Gates arrest controversy">Gates–Crowley Rose Garden meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firing_of_Shirley_Sherrod" title="Firing of Shirley Sherrod">Firing of Shirley Sherrod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efforts_to_impeach_Barack_Obama" title="Efforts to impeach Barack Obama">Impeachment efforts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_tan_suit_controversy" title="Barack Obama tan suit controversy">Tan suit controversy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Books_about_Barack_Obama" title="Category:Books about Barack Obama">Books about</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Barack_Obama" title="Bibliography of Barack Obama">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obama:_From_Promise_to_Power" title="Obama: From Promise to Power">Obama: From Promise to Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama:_Der_schwarze_Kennedy" title="Barack Obama: Der schwarze Kennedy">Barack Obama: Der schwarze Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redemption_Song_(Stanage_book)" title="Redemption Song (Stanage book)">Redemption Song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Case_Against_Barack_Obama" title="The Case Against Barack Obama">The Case Against Barack Obama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Obama_Nation" title="The Obama Nation">The Obama Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Corruption" title="Culture of Corruption">Culture of Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catastrophe_(Morris_and_McGann_book)" title="Catastrophe (Morris and McGann book)">Catastrophe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_and_Michelle" title="Barack and Michelle">Barack and Michelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Speech_(Sharpley-Whiting_book)" title="The Speech (Sharpley-Whiting book)">The Speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Obama_Story" title="The Obama Story">The Obama Story</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Between_Barack_and_a_Hard_Place" title="Between Barack and a Hard Place">Between Barack and a Hard Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_Change" title="Game Change">Game Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obama_Zombies" title="Obama Zombies">Obama Zombies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Victory" title="Conservative Victory">Conservative Victory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bridge:_The_Life_and_Rise_of_Barack_Obama" title="The Bridge: The Life and Rise of Barack Obama">The Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Obama_Diaries" title="The Obama Diaries">The Obama Diaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Obama_Syndrome" title="The Obama Syndrome">The Obama Syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Obama_Identity" title="The Obama Identity">The Obama Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O:_A_Presidential_Novel" title="O: A Presidential Novel">O: A Presidential Novel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Where%27s_the_Birth_Certificate%3F" title="Where's the Birth Certificate?">Where's the Birth Certificate?</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obama%27s_Last_Stand" title="Obama's Last Stand">Obama's Last Stand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama:_The_Story" title="Barack Obama: The Story">Barack Obama: The Story</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_Down:_Game_Change_2012" title="Double Down: Game Change 2012"> Game Change 2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buyer%27s_Remorse_(book)" title="Buyer's Remorse (book)">Buyer's Remorse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rising_Star_(book)" title="Rising Star (book)">Rising Star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shade:_A_Tale_of_Two_Presidents" title="Shade: A Tale of Two Presidents">Shade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_World_as_It_Is_(book)" title="The World as It Is (book)">The World as It Is</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amber_Lee_Ettinger" title="Amber Lee Ettinger">Obama Girl</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Crush_on_Obama" title="Crush on Obama">I Got a Crush... on Obama</a>"</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Magical_Negro#Barack_Obama" title="Magical Negro">Barack the Magic Negro</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will.i.am" title="Will.i.am">will.i.am</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Yes_We_Can_(will.i.am_song)" title="Yes We Can (will.i.am song)">Yes We Can</a>"</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_President_Sang_Amazing_Grace" title="The President Sang Amazing Grace">The President Sang Amazing Grace</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/There%27s_No_One_as_Irish_as_Barack_O%27Bama" title="There's No One as Irish as Barack O'Bama">There's No One as Irish as Barack O'Bama</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/S%C3%AD_Se_Puede_Cambiar" title="Sí Se Puede Cambiar">Sí Se Puede Cambiar</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/My_President" title="My President">My President</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Deadheads_for_Obama" title="Deadheads for Obama">Deadheads for Obama</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Air_and_Simple_Gifts" title="Air and Simple Gifts">Air and Simple Gifts</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Change_Is_Now:_Renewing_America%27s_Promise" title="Change Is Now: Renewing America's Promise">Change Is Now</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hope!_%E2%80%93_Das_Obama_Musical" title="Hope! – Das Obama Musical">Hope! – Das Obama Musical</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_vs._Mitt_Romney_(video)" title="Barack Obama vs. Mitt Romney (video)">Barack Obama vs. Mitt Romney</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baracksdubs" title="Baracksdubs">Barack's Dubs</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Signed,_Sealed,_Delivered_I%27m_Yours#Political_significance" title="Signed, Sealed, Delivered I'm Yours">Signed, Sealed, Delivered I'm Yours</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film, TV, and stage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/By_the_People:_The_Election_of_Barack_Obama" title="By the People: The Election of Barack Obama">By the People: The Election of Barack Obama</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Change_(film)" title="Change (film)">Change</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obama_Anak_Menteng" title="Obama Anak Menteng">Obama Anak Menteng</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016:_Obama%27s_America" title="2016: Obama's America">2016: Obama's America</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Road_We%27ve_Traveled" title="The Road We've Traveled">The Road We've Traveled</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southside_with_You" title="Southside with You">Southside with You</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_and_Clinton" title="Hillary and Clinton">Hillary and Clinton</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_(2016_film)" title="Barry (2016 film)">Barry</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/America%27s_Great_Divide" title="America's Great Divide">America's Great Divide</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_the_People_(2021_TV_series)" title="We the People (2021 TV series)">We the People</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renegades:_Born_in_the_USA" title="Renegades: Born in the USA">Renegades: Born in the USA</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obama:_In_Pursuit_of_a_More_Perfect_Union" title="Obama: In Pursuit of a More Perfect Union">Obama: In Pursuit of a More Perfect Union</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_First_Lady_(American_TV_series)" title="The First Lady (American TV series)">The First Lady</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picturing_the_Obamas" title="Picturing the Obamas">Picturing the Obamas</a> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Images_of_Barack_Obama" title="Category:Images of Barack Obama">Other media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_media_use_by_Barack_Obama" title="Social media use by Barack Obama">Social media use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artists_for_Obama" title="Artists for Obama">Artists for Obama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_%22Hope%22_poster" title="Barack Obama "Hope" poster">"Hope" poster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_%22Joker%22_poster" title="Barack Obama "Joker" poster">"Joker" poster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_Like_Mine" title="Hair Like Mine">Hair Like Mine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Situation_Room_(photograph)" title="Situation Room (photograph)">Situation Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iman_Crosson" title="Iman Crosson">Iman Crosson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Forgotten_Man_(painting)" title="The Forgotten Man (painting)">The Forgotten Man</a> (2010 painting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_Barack_Obama_(painting)" title="President Barack Obama (painting)">President Barack Obama</a> (2018 portrait)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obama_logo" title="Obama logo">Obama logo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_in_comics" title="Barack Obama in comics">In comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama%27s_summer_playlist" title="Barack Obama's summer playlist">Barack Obama's summer playlist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_Day" title="Barack Obama Day">Barack Obama Day (Illinois)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obama_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Obama Day">Obama Day (Kenya)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_honors_and_awards_received_by_Barack_Obama" class="mw-redirect" title="List of honors and awards received by Barack Obama">Awards and honors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_Barack_Obama" title="List of things named after Barack Obama">Namesakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_Ground_Productions" title="Higher Ground Productions">Higher Ground Productions</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/One_Last_Time_(Hamilton_song)#Remix" title="One Last Time (Hamilton song)">One Last Time (44 Remix)</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunlight_before_signing" title="Sunlight before signing">Sunlight before signing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">← George W. Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump →</a></li></ul> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Barack_Obama" title="Category:Barack Obama">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hurricane_Sandy&oldid=1258802942">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hurricane_Sandy&oldid=1258802942</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hurricane_Sandy" title="Category:Hurricane Sandy">Hurricane Sandy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2012_Atlantic_hurricane_season" title="Category:2012 Atlantic hurricane season">2012 Atlantic hurricane season</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2012_disasters_in_Canada" title="Category:2012 disasters in Canada">2012 disasters in Canada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2012_in_Bermuda" title="Category:2012 in Bermuda">2012 in Bermuda</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2012_in_Connecticut" title="Category:2012 in Connecticut">2012 in Connecticut</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2012_in_Cuba" 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Hampshire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2012_in_New_Jersey" title="Category:2012 in New Jersey">2012 in New Jersey</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2012_in_New_York_(state)" title="Category:2012 in New York (state)">2012 in New York (state)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2012_in_North_Carolina" title="Category:2012 in North Carolina">2012 in North Carolina</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2012_in_Ohio" title="Category:2012 in Ohio">2012 in Ohio</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2012_in_Pennsylvania" title="Category:2012 in Pennsylvania">2012 in Pennsylvania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2012_in_Rhode_Island" title="Category:2012 in Rhode Island">2012 in Rhode Island</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2012_in_South_Carolina" title="Category:2012 in South Carolina">2012 in South Carolina</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2012_in_Tennessee" title="Category:2012 in Tennessee">2012 in Tennessee</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2012_in_the_Bahamas" title="Category:2012 in the Bahamas">2012 in the Bahamas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2012_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Category:2012 in the Dominican Republic">2012 in the Dominican Republic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2012_in_Vermont" title="Category:2012 in Vermont">2012 in Vermont</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2012_in_Virginia" title="Category:2012 in Virginia">2012 in Virginia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2012_in_Washington,_D.C." title="Category:2012 in Washington, D.C.">2012 in Washington, D.C.</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2012_in_West_Virginia" title="Category:2012 in West Virginia">2012 in West Virginia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2012_natural_disasters_in_the_United_States" title="Category:2012 natural disasters in the United States">2012 natural disasters in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Blizzards_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Blizzards in the United States">Blizzards in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Category_3_Atlantic_hurricanes" title="Category:Category 3 Atlantic hurricanes">Category 3 Atlantic hurricanes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Environment_of_the_Mid-Atlantic_states" title="Category:Environment of the Mid-Atlantic states">Environment of the Mid-Atlantic states</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hurricanes_in_Bermuda" title="Category:Hurricanes in Bermuda">Hurricanes in Bermuda</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hurricanes_in_Canada" title="Category:Hurricanes in Canada">Hurricanes in Canada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hurricanes_in_Connecticut" title="Category:Hurricanes in Connecticut">Hurricanes in Connecticut</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hurricanes_in_Cuba" title="Category:Hurricanes in Cuba">Hurricanes in Cuba</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hurricanes_in_Delaware" title="Category:Hurricanes in Delaware">Hurricanes in Delaware</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hurricanes_in_Florida" 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