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href="https://www.academia.edu/73641055/%D8%A8%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%BA_%D9%85%D9%81%D9%87%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B8%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of 亘夭賵睾賲賮賴賵賲丕賱乇囟丕丕賱賵馗賷賮賷賮賷丕賱爻賱賵賰丕賱鬲賳馗賷賲賷" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/82083285/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/73641055/%D8%A8%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%BA_%D9%85%D9%81%D9%87%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B8%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A">亘夭賵睾賲賮賴賵賲丕賱乇囟丕丕賱賵馗賷賮賷賮賷丕賱爻賱賵賰丕賱鬲賳馗賷賲賷</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">噩丿賷乇丞鬲賱賰丕賱賲噩賱丞丕賱毓乇賷賯丞 (Journal of management history) 賱賲丕鬲賯賵賲亘賴賲賳丿賵乇賲鬲賲賷夭賮賷鬲兀氐賷賱丕賱賮賰乇 ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">噩丿賷乇丞鬲賱賰丕賱賲噩賱丞丕賱毓乇賷賯丞 (Journal of management history) 賱賲丕鬲賯賵賲亘賴賲賳丿賵乇賲鬲賲賷夭賮賷鬲兀氐賷賱丕賱賮賰乇丕賱丕丿丕乇賷賵鬲賳爻賷亘丕賱賲賵囟賵毓丕鬲賱兀氐丨丕亘賴丕丕賱丨賯賷賯賷賷賳. 賮丕賱賲噩賱丿 (12)貙丕賱毓丿丿 (3) 賱毓丕賲 (2006) 賲賳賴匕賴丕賱賲噩賱丞丨賲賱賲乇丕噩毓丞鬲丕乇賷禺賷丞賰亘賷乇丞賱毓賳賵丕賳毓賲賷賯賴賵 (The emergence of job satisfaction in organization behavior A historical overview of the dawn of jop attitudes research)貙賱賱亘丕丨孬 (Thomas A. Wright) 丕賱丕爻鬲丕匕賮賷賯爻賲丕賱毓賱賵賲丕賱丕丿丕乇賷丞亘噩丕賲毓丞賳賷賮丕丿丕賮賷丕賱賵賱丕賷丕鬲丕賱賲鬲丨丿丞丕賱丕賲乇賷賰賷丞. 賵丕賳賱丕亘丿賲賳聽孬賲丞賯賵賱賳亘鬲丿兀亘賴貙賮賴賵鬲兀賰賷丿賳丕 &quot;丕賳丕賱乇囟丕丕賱賵馗賷賮賷賰賲氐胤賱丨賲賴賲賮賷丕賱爻賱賵賰丕賱鬲賳馗賷賲賷貙賵賱丿賮賷丕丨囟丕賳丕賱丿乇丕爻丕鬲丕賱鬲胤亘賷賯賷丞賱賲賵囟賵毓丕賱丕鬲噩丕賴賳丨賵丕賱毓賲賱 (Work attitude) 貙賵匕賱賰毓賱賶賷丿丕賵賱卅賰丕賱亘丕丨孬賷賳丕賱丕賵丕卅賱丕賱匕賷賳馗賴乇賵丕毓賳丿賲胤賱毓丕賱賯乇賳丕賱毓卮乇賷賳貙賵丕賱匕賷賳丕賴鬲賲賵丕亘丿乇丕爻丞丕賱毓賱丕賯丞亘賷賳丕鬲噩丕賴丕鬲丕賱毓丕賲賱賵賰賮丕亍丞丕賱毓賲賱. 鬲鬲毓丕賲賱丕賱賵乇賯丞丕賱丨丕賱賷丞亘噩丿賷丞賲毓匕賱賰丕賱賮乇丕睾丕賱賲賵噩賵丿賮賷丕賱賮賰乇丕賱鬲賳馗賷賲賷丕賱匕賷丕乇鬲亘胤亘廿睾賮丕賱賲賮賴賵賲丕賱乇囟丕丕賱賵馗賷賮賷賮賷丕賱丿乇丕爻丕鬲丕賱鬲胤亘賷賯賷丞賮賷鬲賱賰丕賱賲乇丨賱丞丕賱鬲賷賰丕賳鬲鬲毓鬲亘乇匕賴亘賷丞賮賷丿乇丕爻丕鬲丕賱丕丿丕乇丞賮賰乇丕賸賵賲賲丕乇爻丞. 賵丕賱丨賯丕卅賯丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺賷丞鬲毓賰爻丕賳馗賴賵乇丕賱乇囟丕聽...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="0aa0acfb2a7c5ee5835741a38d59f505" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":82083285,"asset_id":73641055,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82083285/download_file?st=MTczMjUyNjY4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="73641055"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="73641055"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73641055; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=73641055]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=73641055]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73641055; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='73641055']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 73641055, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "0aa0acfb2a7c5ee5835741a38d59f505" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=73641055]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":73641055,"title":"亘夭賵睾賲賮賴賵賲丕賱乇囟丕丕賱賵馗賷賮賷賮賷丕賱爻賱賵賰丕賱鬲賳馗賷賲賷","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"噩丿賷乇丞鬲賱賰丕賱賲噩賱丞丕賱毓乇賷賯丞 (Journal of management history) 賱賲丕鬲賯賵賲亘賴賲賳丿賵乇賲鬲賲賷夭賮賷鬲兀氐賷賱丕賱賮賰乇丕賱丕丿丕乇賷賵鬲賳爻賷亘丕賱賲賵囟賵毓丕鬲賱兀氐丨丕亘賴丕丕賱丨賯賷賯賷賷賳. 賮丕賱賲噩賱丿 (12)貙丕賱毓丿丿 (3) 賱毓丕賲 (2006) 賲賳賴匕賴丕賱賲噩賱丞丨賲賱賲乇丕噩毓丞鬲丕乇賷禺賷丞賰亘賷乇丞賱毓賳賵丕賳毓賲賷賯賴賵 (The emergence of job satisfaction in organization behavior A historical overview of the dawn of jop attitudes research)貙賱賱亘丕丨孬 (Thomas A. Wright) 丕賱丕爻鬲丕匕賮賷賯爻賲丕賱毓賱賵賲丕賱丕丿丕乇賷丞亘噩丕賲毓丞賳賷賮丕丿丕賮賷丕賱賵賱丕賷丕鬲丕賱賲鬲丨丿丞丕賱丕賲乇賷賰賷丞. 賵丕賳賱丕亘丿賲賳聽孬賲丞賯賵賱賳亘鬲丿兀亘賴貙賮賴賵鬲兀賰賷丿賳丕 \u0026quot;丕賳丕賱乇囟丕丕賱賵馗賷賮賷賰賲氐胤賱丨賲賴賲賮賷丕賱爻賱賵賰丕賱鬲賳馗賷賲賷貙賵賱丿賮賷丕丨囟丕賳丕賱丿乇丕爻丕鬲丕賱鬲胤亘賷賯賷丞賱賲賵囟賵毓丕賱丕鬲噩丕賴賳丨賵丕賱毓賲賱 (Work attitude) 貙賵匕賱賰毓賱賶賷丿丕賵賱卅賰丕賱亘丕丨孬賷賳丕賱丕賵丕卅賱丕賱匕賷賳馗賴乇賵丕毓賳丿賲胤賱毓丕賱賯乇賳丕賱毓卮乇賷賳貙賵丕賱匕賷賳丕賴鬲賲賵丕亘丿乇丕爻丞丕賱毓賱丕賯丞亘賷賳丕鬲噩丕賴丕鬲丕賱毓丕賲賱賵賰賮丕亍丞丕賱毓賲賱. 鬲鬲毓丕賲賱丕賱賵乇賯丞丕賱丨丕賱賷丞亘噩丿賷丞賲毓匕賱賰丕賱賮乇丕睾丕賱賲賵噩賵丿賮賷丕賱賮賰乇丕賱鬲賳馗賷賲賷丕賱匕賷丕乇鬲亘胤亘廿睾賮丕賱賲賮賴賵賲丕賱乇囟丕丕賱賵馗賷賮賷賮賷丕賱丿乇丕爻丕鬲丕賱鬲胤亘賷賯賷丞賮賷鬲賱賰丕賱賲乇丨賱丞丕賱鬲賷賰丕賳鬲鬲毓鬲亘乇匕賴亘賷丞賮賷丿乇丕爻丕鬲丕賱丕丿丕乇丞賮賰乇丕賸賵賲賲丕乇爻丞. 賵丕賱丨賯丕卅賯丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺賷丞鬲毓賰爻丕賳馗賴賵乇丕賱乇囟丕聽...","publisher":"University of Baghdad - College of Administration and Economics","publication_name":"Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences"},"translated_abstract":"噩丿賷乇丞鬲賱賰丕賱賲噩賱丞丕賱毓乇賷賯丞 (Journal of management history) 賱賲丕鬲賯賵賲亘賴賲賳丿賵乇賲鬲賲賷夭賮賷鬲兀氐賷賱丕賱賮賰乇丕賱丕丿丕乇賷賵鬲賳爻賷亘丕賱賲賵囟賵毓丕鬲賱兀氐丨丕亘賴丕丕賱丨賯賷賯賷賷賳. 賮丕賱賲噩賱丿 (12)貙丕賱毓丿丿 (3) 賱毓丕賲 (2006) 賲賳賴匕賴丕賱賲噩賱丞丨賲賱賲乇丕噩毓丞鬲丕乇賷禺賷丞賰亘賷乇丞賱毓賳賵丕賳毓賲賷賯賴賵 (The emergence of job satisfaction in organization behavior A historical overview of the dawn of jop attitudes research)貙賱賱亘丕丨孬 (Thomas A. Wright) 丕賱丕爻鬲丕匕賮賷賯爻賲丕賱毓賱賵賲丕賱丕丿丕乇賷丞亘噩丕賲毓丞賳賷賮丕丿丕賮賷丕賱賵賱丕賷丕鬲丕賱賲鬲丨丿丞丕賱丕賲乇賷賰賷丞. 賵丕賳賱丕亘丿賲賳聽孬賲丞賯賵賱賳亘鬲丿兀亘賴貙賮賴賵鬲兀賰賷丿賳丕 \u0026quot;丕賳丕賱乇囟丕丕賱賵馗賷賮賷賰賲氐胤賱丨賲賴賲賮賷丕賱爻賱賵賰丕賱鬲賳馗賷賲賷貙賵賱丿賮賷丕丨囟丕賳丕賱丿乇丕爻丕鬲丕賱鬲胤亘賷賯賷丞賱賲賵囟賵毓丕賱丕鬲噩丕賴賳丨賵丕賱毓賲賱 (Work attitude) 貙賵匕賱賰毓賱賶賷丿丕賵賱卅賰丕賱亘丕丨孬賷賳丕賱丕賵丕卅賱丕賱匕賷賳馗賴乇賵丕毓賳丿賲胤賱毓丕賱賯乇賳丕賱毓卮乇賷賳貙賵丕賱匕賷賳丕賴鬲賲賵丕亘丿乇丕爻丞丕賱毓賱丕賯丞亘賷賳丕鬲噩丕賴丕鬲丕賱毓丕賲賱賵賰賮丕亍丞丕賱毓賲賱. 鬲鬲毓丕賲賱丕賱賵乇賯丞丕賱丨丕賱賷丞亘噩丿賷丞賲毓匕賱賰丕賱賮乇丕睾丕賱賲賵噩賵丿賮賷丕賱賮賰乇丕賱鬲賳馗賷賲賷丕賱匕賷丕乇鬲亘胤亘廿睾賮丕賱賲賮賴賵賲丕賱乇囟丕丕賱賵馗賷賮賷賮賷丕賱丿乇丕爻丕鬲丕賱鬲胤亘賷賯賷丞賮賷鬲賱賰丕賱賲乇丨賱丞丕賱鬲賷賰丕賳鬲鬲毓鬲亘乇匕賴亘賷丞賮賷丿乇丕爻丕鬲丕賱丕丿丕乇丞賮賰乇丕賸賵賲賲丕乇爻丞. 賵丕賱丨賯丕卅賯丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺賷丞鬲毓賰爻丕賳馗賴賵乇丕賱乇囟丕聽...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/73641055/%D8%A8%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%BA_%D9%85%D9%81%D9%87%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B8%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-03-12T23:38:21.263-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":198888682,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":82083285,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/82083285/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"1277.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82083285/download_file?st=MTczMjUyNjY4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"82083285.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/82083285/1277.pdf?1647157101=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3D82083285.pdf\u0026Expires=1732530287\u0026Signature=KhtHdkhCmIkfBMKCBH5RqAvbfR8NrIFfzs5OF~~d9iOQVfK1nHP8m25ddXIAehz0kwsNMobNPFiqOuuDp-yIceLxsVelp8hQMKPSDoSPwrBE6ManRfLBhesGJzwHPODj7WXI8Bn8840N4iqQ1NDxEmA9tEIHglakY6VoD4XDZsDiD6~iFEJR-UOpQiva1lnlcHhA-9kuW0oweu9UdjA3YB~EdOTjXb6mmPHlAEEsM2LWz85jPxOGkelJDEm5CDz8667w2KrYHkoJjzUNA6onw~gCiwyQH8pse3-spx3S9s8KEwtxVefMWQ-YwQut7WmGn45QXkw3ggNvU4SDAWFq9g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"亘夭賵睾_賲賮賴賵賲_丕賱乇囟丕_丕賱賵馗賷賮賷_賮賷_丕賱爻賱賵賰_丕賱鬲賳馗賷賲賷","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"ar","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":198888682,"first_name":"毓賱賷","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"丕賱毓賳夭賷","page_name":"毓賱賷丕賱毓賳夭賷8","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2021-07-17T06:28:34.294-07:00","display_name":"毓賱賷丕賱毓賳夭賷","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%8A8"},"attachments":[{"id":82083285,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/82083285/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"1277.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82083285/download_file?st=MTczMjUyNjY4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"82083285.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/82083285/1277.pdf?1647157101=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3D82083285.pdf\u0026Expires=1732530287\u0026Signature=KhtHdkhCmIkfBMKCBH5RqAvbfR8NrIFfzs5OF~~d9iOQVfK1nHP8m25ddXIAehz0kwsNMobNPFiqOuuDp-yIceLxsVelp8hQMKPSDoSPwrBE6ManRfLBhesGJzwHPODj7WXI8Bn8840N4iqQ1NDxEmA9tEIHglakY6VoD4XDZsDiD6~iFEJR-UOpQiva1lnlcHhA-9kuW0oweu9UdjA3YB~EdOTjXb6mmPHlAEEsM2LWz85jPxOGkelJDEm5CDz8667w2KrYHkoJjzUNA6onw~gCiwyQH8pse3-spx3S9s8KEwtxVefMWQ-YwQut7WmGn45QXkw3ggNvU4SDAWFq9g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2449700,"name":"Faculty 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Economics and Administrative Sciences</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">賷鬲氐丿賶丕賱亘丨孬賱賲毓乇賮丞賲丿賶鬲胤亘賷賯丕賱賲賵丕氐賮丞丕賱丿賵賱賷丞丕賱賲鬲毓賱賯丞亘丕賱鬲丿乇賷亘 (ISO 10015) 賲賳賯亘賱賵夭丕乇丞丕賱亘賱丿賷丕鬲...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">賷鬲氐丿賶丕賱亘丨孬賱賲毓乇賮丞賲丿賶鬲胤亘賷賯丕賱賲賵丕氐賮丞丕賱丿賵賱賷丞丕賱賲鬲毓賱賯丞亘丕賱鬲丿乇賷亘 (ISO 10015) 賲賳賯亘賱賵夭丕乇丞丕賱亘賱丿賷丕鬲賵丕賱兀卮睾丕賱丕賱毓丕賲丞丕賱毓乇丕賯賷丞貙亘賴丿賮鬲丨丿賷丿噩賵丿丞丕賱鬲丿乇賷亘賮賷賴丕. 賵亘丕爻鬲禺丿丕賲賯丕卅賲丞丕賱賮丨氐丕賱賲毓丿丞亘丕賱丕毓鬲賲丕丿毓賱賶賮賯乇丕鬲丕賱賲賵丕氐賮丞貙亘毓丿鬲毓乇賷亘丕賱賳爻禺丞丕賱丕賳賰賱賷夭賷丞賲賳賴丕貙賵丕賱鬲賷鬲賳丕賵賱鬲賲丐卮乇丕鬲丕賱鬲丿乇賷亘毓賱賶兀爻爻賳賵毓賷丞. 賵噩丕亍鬲賳鬲丕卅噩丕賱鬲丨賱賷賱賵丕賱丿乇丕爻丞賱鬲丐賰丿廿賳聽丕賱賲毓丿賱丕賱廿噩賲丕賱賷丕賱賲鬲丨賯賯賲賳賲賯丕乇賳丞鬲賯賵賷賲賳卮丕胤丕賱鬲丿乇賷亘賮賷鬲賱賰丕賱賵夭丕乇丞亘丕賱賲賵丕氐賮丞兀毓賱丕賴貙賵亘噩賲賷毓賮賯乇丕鬲賴丕丕賱乇卅賷爻丞貙賯丿亘賱睾 (%55)貙賵賴賵賷賯鬲乇亘賲賳賲胤亘賯噩夭卅賷丕賵賲賵孬賯賰賱賷丕貙賵亘賲丕賷卮賷乇丕賱賵囟毓廿賱賶賵噩賵丿賮噩賵丞毓丕賱賷丞賮賷鬲丨賯賷賯賲鬲胤賱亘丕鬲丕賱噩賵丿丞亘兀賳卮胤丞丕賱鬲丿乇賷亘.</span></div><div 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class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/73771595/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/60237788/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%A9_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A9">賮賱爻賮丞賳賵毓賷丞丨賷丕丞丕賱毓賲賱賮賷賲賳馗賲丕鬲丕賱兀賱賮賷丞丕賱孬丕賱孬丞</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">丕賱賲賯丿賲丞鬲噩丿丿丕賱丕賴鬲賲丕賲亘賲賵囟賵毓賳賵毓賷丞丨賷丕丞丕賱毓賲賱 (Quality of life) 丕賱匕賷賷乇賲夭賱賴丕禺鬲氐丕乇丕 (QWL)貙賮賷丕賱...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">丕賱賲賯丿賲丞鬲噩丿丿丕賱丕賴鬲賲丕賲亘賲賵囟賵毓賳賵毓賷丞丨賷丕丞丕賱毓賲賱 (Quality of life) 丕賱匕賷賷乇賲夭賱賴丕禺鬲氐丕乇丕 (QWL)貙賮賷丕賱爻賳賵丕鬲丕賱兀禺賷乇丞丕賱賲丕囟賷丞貙賵亘賲胤賱毓丕賱兀賱賮賷丞丕賱孬丕賱孬丞毓賱賶賵噩賴丕賱鬲丨丿賷丿貙賲賳賯亘賱丕賱亘丕丨孬賷賳丕賱兀賰丕丿賷賲賷賷賳賵丕賱賲賴鬲賲賷賳丕賱賲賲丕乇爻賷賳賮賷賲賳馗賲丕鬲丕賱兀毓賲丕賱貙賵匕賱賰亘賵氐賮賴賲廿賱賷賴亘兀賳賴兀賴賲賲氐丕丿乇丕賱乇囟丕賱賱毓丕賲賱賷賳貙賵丕賱毓賳氐乇丕賱賲賲賷夭賱亘賷卅丞毓賲賱賲賳馗賲丞賲丕毓賳睾賷乇賴丕. 賵賴賳丕貙賯丿亘乇夭鬲丕賱丕囟胤賱丕毓亘丕賱賲爻丐賵賱賷丞丕賱兀禺賱丕賯賷丞賵丕賱丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷丞賱鬲丨爻賷賳賳賵毓賷丞丨賷丕丞丕賱毓賲賱賱賱毓丕賲賱賷賳賮賷鬲賱賰丕賱賲賳馗賲丕鬲貙賵丕賱爻毓賷賲賳賯亘賱賴丕賱鬲胤亘賷賯賰賱丕賱賳卮丕胤丕鬲丕賱禺丕氐丞亘賴丕貙賱睾乇囟廿卮亘丕毓丨丕噩丕鬲賴賲賵乇睾亘丕鬲賴賲賮賷亘賷卅丞丕賱毓賲賱. 賵賷鬲賲孬賱賳噩丕丨賲賳馗賲丕鬲丕賱兀毓賲丕賱丕賱賲毓丕氐乇丞亘賯丿乇鬲賴丕毓賱賶鬲丨賯賷賯兀賴丿丕賮賴丕賵兀賴丿丕賮丕賱毓丕賲賱賷賳亘賴丕賮賷丌賳賵丕丨丿. 賵賱匕賱賰兀氐亘丨鬲丕賱廿丿丕乇丞丕賱賲毓丕氐乇丞賲丐賲賳丞賰賱丕賱廿賷賲丕賳亘丕賳賳噩丕丨丕賱賲賳馗賲丞爻賷賰賵賳賲乇賴賵賳丕亘鬲丨賯賷賯乇爻丕賱鬲賴丕丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓賷丞賲賳禺賱丕賱爻毓賷賴丕丕賱丨孬賷孬賱鬲胤亘賷賯亘乇丕賲噩鬲胤賵賷乇賳賵毓賷丞丨賷丕丞丕賱毓賲賱賮賷賴丕. 賵賷丐賰丿乇賵丕丿丕賱賮賰乇丕賱廿丿丕乇賷丕賱賲毓丕氐乇賷賳毓賱賶廿賳丕賱鬲丨丿賷丕鬲丕賱賰孬賷乇丞丕賱鬲賷鬲賵丕噩賴賲賳馗賲丕鬲兀毓賲丕賱丕賱兀賱賮賷丞丕賱孬丕賱孬丞賯丿鬲賮乇囟毓賱賷賴丕丕賱亘丨孬賵丕賱鬲賯氐賷毓賳鬲賯賳賷丕鬲鬲爻丕毓丿兀丿丕乇鬲賴丕賮賷鬲噩丕賵夭賲毓賷賯丕鬲丕賱毓賲賱賵賲爻亘亘丕鬲丕賱賮卮賱廿匕丕賵噩丿鬲兀賳賵丕丨丿丞賲賳賴丕賳丕鬲噩丞毓賳爻賵亍廿...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f7a23a361b806f1a350a8e07b4041597" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":73771595,"asset_id":60237788,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/73771595/download_file?st=MTczMjUyNjY4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="60237788"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" 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賵賷丐賰丿乇賵丕丿丕賱賮賰乇丕賱廿丿丕乇賷丕賱賲毓丕氐乇賷賳毓賱賶廿賳丕賱鬲丨丿賷丕鬲丕賱賰孬賷乇丞丕賱鬲賷鬲賵丕噩賴賲賳馗賲丕鬲兀毓賲丕賱丕賱兀賱賮賷丞丕賱孬丕賱孬丞賯丿鬲賮乇囟毓賱賷賴丕丕賱亘丨孬賵丕賱鬲賯氐賷毓賳鬲賯賳賷丕鬲鬲爻丕毓丿兀丿丕乇鬲賴丕賮賷鬲噩丕賵夭賲毓賷賯丕鬲丕賱毓賲賱賵賲爻亘亘丕鬲丕賱賮卮賱廿匕丕賵噩丿鬲兀賳賵丕丨丿丞賲賳賴丕賳丕鬲噩丞毓賳爻賵亍廿...","publisher":"University of Baghdad - College of Administration and Economics","publication_name":"Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences"},"translated_abstract":"丕賱賲賯丿賲丞鬲噩丿丿丕賱丕賴鬲賲丕賲亘賲賵囟賵毓賳賵毓賷丞丨賷丕丞丕賱毓賲賱 (Quality of life) 丕賱匕賷賷乇賲夭賱賴丕禺鬲氐丕乇丕 (QWL)貙賮賷丕賱爻賳賵丕鬲丕賱兀禺賷乇丞丕賱賲丕囟賷丞貙賵亘賲胤賱毓丕賱兀賱賮賷丞丕賱孬丕賱孬丞毓賱賶賵噩賴丕賱鬲丨丿賷丿貙賲賳賯亘賱丕賱亘丕丨孬賷賳丕賱兀賰丕丿賷賲賷賷賳賵丕賱賲賴鬲賲賷賳丕賱賲賲丕乇爻賷賳賮賷賲賳馗賲丕鬲丕賱兀毓賲丕賱貙賵匕賱賰亘賵氐賮賴賲廿賱賷賴亘兀賳賴兀賴賲賲氐丕丿乇丕賱乇囟丕賱賱毓丕賲賱賷賳貙賵丕賱毓賳氐乇丕賱賲賲賷夭賱亘賷卅丞毓賲賱賲賳馗賲丞賲丕毓賳睾賷乇賴丕. 賵賴賳丕貙賯丿亘乇夭鬲丕賱丕囟胤賱丕毓亘丕賱賲爻丐賵賱賷丞丕賱兀禺賱丕賯賷丞賵丕賱丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷丞賱鬲丨爻賷賳賳賵毓賷丞丨賷丕丞丕賱毓賲賱賱賱毓丕賲賱賷賳賮賷鬲賱賰丕賱賲賳馗賲丕鬲貙賵丕賱爻毓賷賲賳賯亘賱賴丕賱鬲胤亘賷賯賰賱丕賱賳卮丕胤丕鬲丕賱禺丕氐丞亘賴丕貙賱睾乇囟廿卮亘丕毓丨丕噩丕鬲賴賲賵乇睾亘丕鬲賴賲賮賷亘賷卅丞丕賱毓賲賱. 賵賷鬲賲孬賱賳噩丕丨賲賳馗賲丕鬲丕賱兀毓賲丕賱丕賱賲毓丕氐乇丞亘賯丿乇鬲賴丕毓賱賶鬲丨賯賷賯兀賴丿丕賮賴丕賵兀賴丿丕賮丕賱毓丕賲賱賷賳亘賴丕賮賷丌賳賵丕丨丿. 賵賱匕賱賰兀氐亘丨鬲丕賱廿丿丕乇丞丕賱賲毓丕氐乇丞賲丐賲賳丞賰賱丕賱廿賷賲丕賳亘丕賳賳噩丕丨丕賱賲賳馗賲丞爻賷賰賵賳賲乇賴賵賳丕亘鬲丨賯賷賯乇爻丕賱鬲賴丕丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓賷丞賲賳禺賱丕賱爻毓賷賴丕丕賱丨孬賷孬賱鬲胤亘賷賯亘乇丕賲噩鬲胤賵賷乇賳賵毓賷丞丨賷丕丞丕賱毓賲賱賮賷賴丕. 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</span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">鬲毓賱賲賳丕賮賷丕賱賲丿丕乇爻亘兀賳丕乇鬲賰丕亘丕賱丕禺胤丕亍卮賷亍睾賷乇賲賯亘賵賱貙賵賯丿鬲賴鬲夭賲賰丕賳鬲賳丕亘爻亘亘賴丕貙賵毓賳丿賲丕賳鬲禺乇噩賲賳賲毓丕賴丿賳丕賵賰賱賷丕鬲賳丕貙賵賳丨氐賱毓賱賶卮賴丕丿丕鬲賳丕丕賱毓賱賲賷丞貙賵賳丿禺賱毓丕賱賲丕賱毓賲賱賷爻鬲賲乇賰乇賴賳丕賵丕賲鬲毓丕馗賳丕賱賴丕. 賵亘賳丕亍丕賸毓賱賶匕賱賰貙賳丨丕賵賱亘匕賱賯氐丕乇賶噩賴丿賳丕賱鬲丨丕卮賷丕賱丕禺胤丕亍賲賴賲丕賰丕賳鬲亘爻賷胤丞貙賵賯丿賳賯賵賲丕丨賷丕賳丕賸亘廿禺賮丕卅賴丕貙丕賵鬲丨賵賷賱賱賵賲賵賯賵毓賴丕毓賱賶丕賱睾賷乇. 賮賮賷賴匕賴丕賱丨丕賱丞貙賳丿賮毓丕孬賲丕賳丕賸亘丕賴囟丞賱兀禺胤丕賳卅丕貙賵賯丿賷氐賱丕賱兀賲乇丕賱賶禺爻丕乇丞賵馗丕卅賮賳丕賱丕亘賱丨賷丕鬲賳丕賮賷亘毓囟丕賱丕丨賷丕賳. 賵亘丕賱賲賯丕亘賱賷賮鬲乇囟丕賳賳鬲毓賱賲賲賳丕禺胤丕卅賳丕貙賵賳毓鬲乇賮亘賴丕氐乇丕丨丞貙賵賳丨丿丿賴丕貙賵賳賯賵賲賯丿乇丕賱廿賲賰丕賳亘鬲氐丨賷丨賴丕. 賴匕賴鬲賵胤卅丞賱鬲毓乇賷亘賲賯丕賱丞 Professor Russell L. Ackoff, Amajor mistake that manager make, Handbook of business strategy, 2006, pp. 225-227. 賮賷毓丕賱賲丕賱丕毓賲丕賱貙丕匕丕丕乇鬲賰亘鬲丕賱丕禺胤丕亍賵賱賲賷鬲賲鬲噩丕賵夭丕賱賯丕賳賵賳亘爻亘亘賴丕貙賳賱丕丨馗賳丕丿乇丕賸賲丕賷鬲禺匕兀賷丕噩乇丕亍乇爻賲賷鬲噩丕賴賲賯鬲乇賮賷賴丕貙丨鬲賶毓賳丿賲丕鬲毓鬲乇賮丕賱卮乇賰丕鬲亘丨丿賵孬賴丕貙賵賱賰賳賴丕賱丕鬲賯賵賲亘丕賱鬲丨賯賷賯賮賷丕賱賲賵囟賵毓亘兀爻賱賵亘賳馗丕賲賷賲亘賳賷毓賱賶丕賱氐乇丕丨丞賵丕賱氐丿賯貙賱丕亘賱賷賮鬲乇囟丕賳鬲爻鬲禺丿賲丕賱賲賳馗賲丞丕賱毓賯賵亘丕鬲丕賱氐丕乇賲丞亘丨賯賲賳鬲爻亘亘丕賱丕囟乇丕乇亘賴丕. 賮賮賷賲孬賱賴匕賴丕賱丨丕賱丕鬲鬲賰賵賳賯丿禺爻乇鬲鬲賱賰丕賱賲賳馗賲丞賮乇氐丞丕賱鬲毓賱賲 ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="7521f791f2b7f70b1c2003d4e479fda4" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":70276015,"asset_id":53425345,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/70276015/download_file?st=MTczMjUyNjY4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="53425345"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="53425345"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 53425345; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=53425345]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=53425345]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 53425345; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='53425345']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 53425345, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "7521f791f2b7f70b1c2003d4e479fda4" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=53425345]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":53425345,"title":"丕賱丕禺胤丕亍丕賱賯丕鬲賱丞丕賱鬲賷賷乇鬲賰亘賴丕丕賱賲丿乇丕亍","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"鬲毓賱賲賳丕賮賷丕賱賲丿丕乇爻亘兀賳丕乇鬲賰丕亘丕賱丕禺胤丕亍卮賷亍睾賷乇賲賯亘賵賱貙賵賯丿鬲賴鬲夭賲賰丕賳鬲賳丕亘爻亘亘賴丕貙賵毓賳丿賲丕賳鬲禺乇噩賲賳賲毓丕賴丿賳丕賵賰賱賷丕鬲賳丕貙賵賳丨氐賱毓賱賶卮賴丕丿丕鬲賳丕丕賱毓賱賲賷丞貙賵賳丿禺賱毓丕賱賲丕賱毓賲賱賷爻鬲賲乇賰乇賴賳丕賵丕賲鬲毓丕馗賳丕賱賴丕. 賵亘賳丕亍丕賸毓賱賶匕賱賰貙賳丨丕賵賱亘匕賱賯氐丕乇賶噩賴丿賳丕賱鬲丨丕卮賷丕賱丕禺胤丕亍賲賴賲丕賰丕賳鬲亘爻賷胤丞貙賵賯丿賳賯賵賲丕丨賷丕賳丕賸亘廿禺賮丕卅賴丕貙丕賵鬲丨賵賷賱賱賵賲賵賯賵毓賴丕毓賱賶丕賱睾賷乇. 賮賮賷賴匕賴丕賱丨丕賱丞貙賳丿賮毓丕孬賲丕賳丕賸亘丕賴囟丞賱兀禺胤丕賳卅丕貙賵賯丿賷氐賱丕賱兀賲乇丕賱賶禺爻丕乇丞賵馗丕卅賮賳丕賱丕亘賱丨賷丕鬲賳丕賮賷亘毓囟丕賱丕丨賷丕賳. 賵亘丕賱賲賯丕亘賱賷賮鬲乇囟丕賳賳鬲毓賱賲賲賳丕禺胤丕卅賳丕貙賵賳毓鬲乇賮亘賴丕氐乇丕丨丞貙賵賳丨丿丿賴丕貙賵賳賯賵賲賯丿乇丕賱廿賲賰丕賳亘鬲氐丨賷丨賴丕. 賴匕賴鬲賵胤卅丞賱鬲毓乇賷亘賲賯丕賱丞 Professor Russell L. Ackoff, Amajor mistake that manager make, Handbook of business strategy, 2006, pp. 225-227. 賮賷毓丕賱賲丕賱丕毓賲丕賱貙丕匕丕丕乇鬲賰亘鬲丕賱丕禺胤丕亍賵賱賲賷鬲賲鬲噩丕賵夭丕賱賯丕賳賵賳亘爻亘亘賴丕貙賳賱丕丨馗賳丕丿乇丕賸賲丕賷鬲禺匕兀賷丕噩乇丕亍乇爻賲賷鬲噩丕賴賲賯鬲乇賮賷賴丕貙丨鬲賶毓賳丿賲丕鬲毓鬲乇賮丕賱卮乇賰丕鬲亘丨丿賵孬賴丕貙賵賱賰賳賴丕賱丕鬲賯賵賲亘丕賱鬲丨賯賷賯賮賷丕賱賲賵囟賵毓亘兀爻賱賵亘賳馗丕賲賷賲亘賳賷毓賱賶丕賱氐乇丕丨丞賵丕賱氐丿賯貙賱丕亘賱賷賮鬲乇囟丕賳鬲爻鬲禺丿賲丕賱賲賳馗賲丞丕賱毓賯賵亘丕鬲丕賱氐丕乇賲丞亘丨賯賲賳鬲爻亘亘丕賱丕囟乇丕乇亘賴丕. 賮賮賷賲孬賱賴匕賴丕賱丨丕賱丕鬲鬲賰賵賳賯丿禺爻乇鬲鬲賱賰丕賱賲賳馗賲丞賮乇氐丞丕賱鬲毓賱賲 ...","publisher":"University of Baghdad - College of Administration and Economics","publication_name":"Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences"},"translated_abstract":"鬲毓賱賲賳丕賮賷丕賱賲丿丕乇爻亘兀賳丕乇鬲賰丕亘丕賱丕禺胤丕亍卮賷亍睾賷乇賲賯亘賵賱貙賵賯丿鬲賴鬲夭賲賰丕賳鬲賳丕亘爻亘亘賴丕貙賵毓賳丿賲丕賳鬲禺乇噩賲賳賲毓丕賴丿賳丕賵賰賱賷丕鬲賳丕貙賵賳丨氐賱毓賱賶卮賴丕丿丕鬲賳丕丕賱毓賱賲賷丞貙賵賳丿禺賱毓丕賱賲丕賱毓賲賱賷爻鬲賲乇賰乇賴賳丕賵丕賲鬲毓丕馗賳丕賱賴丕. 賵亘賳丕亍丕賸毓賱賶匕賱賰貙賳丨丕賵賱亘匕賱賯氐丕乇賶噩賴丿賳丕賱鬲丨丕卮賷丕賱丕禺胤丕亍賲賴賲丕賰丕賳鬲亘爻賷胤丞貙賵賯丿賳賯賵賲丕丨賷丕賳丕賸亘廿禺賮丕卅賴丕貙丕賵鬲丨賵賷賱賱賵賲賵賯賵毓賴丕毓賱賶丕賱睾賷乇. 賮賮賷賴匕賴丕賱丨丕賱丞貙賳丿賮毓丕孬賲丕賳丕賸亘丕賴囟丞賱兀禺胤丕賳卅丕貙賵賯丿賷氐賱丕賱兀賲乇丕賱賶禺爻丕乇丞賵馗丕卅賮賳丕賱丕亘賱丨賷丕鬲賳丕賮賷亘毓囟丕賱丕丨賷丕賳. 賵亘丕賱賲賯丕亘賱賷賮鬲乇囟丕賳賳鬲毓賱賲賲賳丕禺胤丕卅賳丕貙賵賳毓鬲乇賮亘賴丕氐乇丕丨丞貙賵賳丨丿丿賴丕貙賵賳賯賵賲賯丿乇丕賱廿賲賰丕賳亘鬲氐丨賷丨賴丕. 賴匕賴鬲賵胤卅丞賱鬲毓乇賷亘賲賯丕賱丞 Professor Russell L. Ackoff, Amajor mistake that manager make, Handbook of business strategy, 2006, pp. 225-227. 賮賷毓丕賱賲丕賱丕毓賲丕賱貙丕匕丕丕乇鬲賰亘鬲丕賱丕禺胤丕亍賵賱賲賷鬲賲鬲噩丕賵夭丕賱賯丕賳賵賳亘爻亘亘賴丕貙賳賱丕丨馗賳丕丿乇丕賸賲丕賷鬲禺匕兀賷丕噩乇丕亍乇爻賲賷鬲噩丕賴賲賯鬲乇賮賷賴丕貙丨鬲賶毓賳丿賲丕鬲毓鬲乇賮丕賱卮乇賰丕鬲亘丨丿賵孬賴丕貙賵賱賰賳賴丕賱丕鬲賯賵賲亘丕賱鬲丨賯賷賯賮賷丕賱賲賵囟賵毓亘兀爻賱賵亘賳馗丕賲賷賲亘賳賷毓賱賶丕賱氐乇丕丨丞賵丕賱氐丿賯貙賱丕亘賱賷賮鬲乇囟丕賳鬲爻鬲禺丿賲丕賱賲賳馗賲丞丕賱毓賯賵亘丕鬲丕賱氐丕乇賲丞亘丨賯賲賳鬲爻亘亘丕賱丕囟乇丕乇亘賴丕. 賮賮賷賲孬賱賴匕賴丕賱丨丕賱丕鬲鬲賰賵賳賯丿禺爻乇鬲鬲賱賰丕賱賲賳馗賲丞賮乇氐丞丕賱鬲毓賱賲 ...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/53425345/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%8A_%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2021-09-26T16:32:19.457-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":198888682,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":70276015,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/70276015/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"1137.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/70276015/download_file?st=MTczMjUyNjY4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"70276015.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/70276015/1137-libre.pdf?1632706642=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3D70276015.pdf\u0026Expires=1732530287\u0026Signature=Q3nFeQbnNLiAO3iRxeMsjkOaseWFV9xJk2qvCRVvrJSOmDB2YSBIXPFnKI~dcgMJvN6klF3eP2WPRWS5iDfLnThAIA5jLDn7semZYhaFlNG6qhyixXNAJfeCvMcTL8tNXtmu-KiZk7CdjPoewEzRxsEhq1I0zb4kbaLb5MmRGOCePAajzqZ1fTBXHeTcEyOLeOSXabNl78jysM-WhCkGdCD8BRN0CfFezzyQI4TlLdSDa47dMgFzBHKrQX4ksmJPwm1sCpz7oMDy9likQJuXeSu18QzCqptpqLqf5Iq2XshLjttuGdJNwtJiPA7HDcRmea6ku86fqSxrYkR~fmjnXg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"丕賱丕禺胤丕亍_丕賱賯丕鬲賱丞_丕賱鬲賷_賷乇鬲賰亘賴丕_丕賱賲丿乇丕亍","translated_slug":"","page_count":5,"language":"ar","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":198888682,"first_name":"毓賱賷","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"丕賱毓賳夭賷","page_name":"毓賱賷丕賱毓賳夭賷8","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2021-07-17T06:28:34.294-07:00","display_name":"毓賱賷丕賱毓賳夭賷","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%8A8"},"attachments":[{"id":70276015,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/70276015/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"1137.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/70276015/download_file?st=MTczMjUyNjY4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"70276015.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/70276015/1137-libre.pdf?1632706642=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3D70276015.pdf\u0026Expires=1732530287\u0026Signature=Q3nFeQbnNLiAO3iRxeMsjkOaseWFV9xJk2qvCRVvrJSOmDB2YSBIXPFnKI~dcgMJvN6klF3eP2WPRWS5iDfLnThAIA5jLDn7semZYhaFlNG6qhyixXNAJfeCvMcTL8tNXtmu-KiZk7CdjPoewEzRxsEhq1I0zb4kbaLb5MmRGOCePAajzqZ1fTBXHeTcEyOLeOSXabNl78jysM-WhCkGdCD8BRN0CfFezzyQI4TlLdSDa47dMgFzBHKrQX4ksmJPwm1sCpz7oMDy9likQJuXeSu18QzCqptpqLqf5Iq2XshLjttuGdJNwtJiPA7HDcRmea6ku86fqSxrYkR~fmjnXg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":70276016,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/70276016/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"1137.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/70276016/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"70276016.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/70276016/1137-libre.pdf?1632706641=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3D70276016.pdf\u0026Expires=1732530287\u0026Signature=b~XIkK~2Zy37pq1qv3ekv0ZmUJ7qImZF5h6P-0hu~4u3IrCAQ~96b6yIXzTQbLxNkkmWfF2TXlbLKAKJUE4C~SkD0rwelqU9KXyOue1zQvEB3CIhtQ14rpcsoaIWxU9gTJWIapjNr4ImqP2phcO~i2FYzdD5TgSVEiNtYG8vpjQ6l4L8k52iC5-Zb4DVvMO6kfnMzAQhl76GOxj6dN89fVDgzThMmH172C73KuKpxsNFKAm37lYlKiTFcoSLwBcwkVaOLBeEwNK4VWUaT~cD-v5rD1C2sNYnbnUJB7-~C6uPWRwvkYtp53UFnbl~MBCrKo8Mp2KzveCtoge-c5CyTg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2449700,"name":"Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Faculty_of_Economics_and_Administrative_Sciences"}],"urls":[{"id":11516530,"url":"http://jeasiq.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/JEASIQ/article/download/1240/1137"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="11956598" id="papers"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="73641055"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/73641055/%D8%A8%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%BA_%D9%85%D9%81%D9%87%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B8%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of 亘夭賵睾賲賮賴賵賲丕賱乇囟丕丕賱賵馗賷賮賷賮賷丕賱爻賱賵賰丕賱鬲賳馗賷賲賷" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/82083285/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/73641055/%D8%A8%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%BA_%D9%85%D9%81%D9%87%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B8%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A">亘夭賵睾賲賮賴賵賲丕賱乇囟丕丕賱賵馗賷賮賷賮賷丕賱爻賱賵賰丕賱鬲賳馗賷賲賷</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">噩丿賷乇丞鬲賱賰丕賱賲噩賱丞丕賱毓乇賷賯丞 (Journal of management history) 賱賲丕鬲賯賵賲亘賴賲賳丿賵乇賲鬲賲賷夭賮賷鬲兀氐賷賱丕賱賮賰乇 ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">噩丿賷乇丞鬲賱賰丕賱賲噩賱丞丕賱毓乇賷賯丞 (Journal of management history) 賱賲丕鬲賯賵賲亘賴賲賳丿賵乇賲鬲賲賷夭賮賷鬲兀氐賷賱丕賱賮賰乇丕賱丕丿丕乇賷賵鬲賳爻賷亘丕賱賲賵囟賵毓丕鬲賱兀氐丨丕亘賴丕丕賱丨賯賷賯賷賷賳. 賮丕賱賲噩賱丿 (12)貙丕賱毓丿丿 (3) 賱毓丕賲 (2006) 賲賳賴匕賴丕賱賲噩賱丞丨賲賱賲乇丕噩毓丞鬲丕乇賷禺賷丞賰亘賷乇丞賱毓賳賵丕賳毓賲賷賯賴賵 (The emergence of job satisfaction in organization behavior A historical overview of the dawn of jop attitudes research)貙賱賱亘丕丨孬 (Thomas A. Wright) 丕賱丕爻鬲丕匕賮賷賯爻賲丕賱毓賱賵賲丕賱丕丿丕乇賷丞亘噩丕賲毓丞賳賷賮丕丿丕賮賷丕賱賵賱丕賷丕鬲丕賱賲鬲丨丿丞丕賱丕賲乇賷賰賷丞. 賵丕賳賱丕亘丿賲賳聽孬賲丞賯賵賱賳亘鬲丿兀亘賴貙賮賴賵鬲兀賰賷丿賳丕 &quot;丕賳丕賱乇囟丕丕賱賵馗賷賮賷賰賲氐胤賱丨賲賴賲賮賷丕賱爻賱賵賰丕賱鬲賳馗賷賲賷貙賵賱丿賮賷丕丨囟丕賳丕賱丿乇丕爻丕鬲丕賱鬲胤亘賷賯賷丞賱賲賵囟賵毓丕賱丕鬲噩丕賴賳丨賵丕賱毓賲賱 (Work attitude) 貙賵匕賱賰毓賱賶賷丿丕賵賱卅賰丕賱亘丕丨孬賷賳丕賱丕賵丕卅賱丕賱匕賷賳馗賴乇賵丕毓賳丿賲胤賱毓丕賱賯乇賳丕賱毓卮乇賷賳貙賵丕賱匕賷賳丕賴鬲賲賵丕亘丿乇丕爻丞丕賱毓賱丕賯丞亘賷賳丕鬲噩丕賴丕鬲丕賱毓丕賲賱賵賰賮丕亍丞丕賱毓賲賱. 鬲鬲毓丕賲賱丕賱賵乇賯丞丕賱丨丕賱賷丞亘噩丿賷丞賲毓匕賱賰丕賱賮乇丕睾丕賱賲賵噩賵丿賮賷丕賱賮賰乇丕賱鬲賳馗賷賲賷丕賱匕賷丕乇鬲亘胤亘廿睾賮丕賱賲賮賴賵賲丕賱乇囟丕丕賱賵馗賷賮賷賮賷丕賱丿乇丕爻丕鬲丕賱鬲胤亘賷賯賷丞賮賷鬲賱賰丕賱賲乇丨賱丞丕賱鬲賷賰丕賳鬲鬲毓鬲亘乇匕賴亘賷丞賮賷丿乇丕爻丕鬲丕賱丕丿丕乇丞賮賰乇丕賸賵賲賲丕乇爻丞. 賵丕賱丨賯丕卅賯丕賱鬲丕乇賷禺賷丞鬲毓賰爻丕賳馗賴賵乇丕賱乇囟丕聽...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="0aa0acfb2a7c5ee5835741a38d59f505" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":82083285,"asset_id":73641055,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82083285/download_file?st=MTczMjUyNjY4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjUyNjY4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="73641055"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="73641055"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73641055; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=73641055]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=73641055]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73641055; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='73641055']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 73641055, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "0aa0acfb2a7c5ee5835741a38d59f505" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=73641055]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":73641055,"title":"亘夭賵睾賲賮賴賵賲丕賱乇囟丕丕賱賵馗賷賮賷賮賷丕賱爻賱賵賰丕賱鬲賳馗賷賲賷","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"噩丿賷乇丞鬲賱賰丕賱賲噩賱丞丕賱毓乇賷賯丞 (Journal of management history) 賱賲丕鬲賯賵賲亘賴賲賳丿賵乇賲鬲賲賷夭賮賷鬲兀氐賷賱丕賱賮賰乇丕賱丕丿丕乇賷賵鬲賳爻賷亘丕賱賲賵囟賵毓丕鬲賱兀氐丨丕亘賴丕丕賱丨賯賷賯賷賷賳. 賮丕賱賲噩賱丿 (12)貙丕賱毓丿丿 (3) 賱毓丕賲 (2006) 賲賳賴匕賴丕賱賲噩賱丞丨賲賱賲乇丕噩毓丞鬲丕乇賷禺賷丞賰亘賷乇丞賱毓賳賵丕賳毓賲賷賯賴賵 (The emergence of job satisfaction in organization behavior A historical overview of the dawn of jop attitudes research)貙賱賱亘丕丨孬 (Thomas A. 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Economics and Administrative Sciences</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">賷鬲氐丿賶丕賱亘丨孬賱賲毓乇賮丞賲丿賶鬲胤亘賷賯丕賱賲賵丕氐賮丞丕賱丿賵賱賷丞丕賱賲鬲毓賱賯丞亘丕賱鬲丿乇賷亘 (ISO 10015) 賲賳賯亘賱賵夭丕乇丞丕賱亘賱丿賷丕鬲...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">賷鬲氐丿賶丕賱亘丨孬賱賲毓乇賮丞賲丿賶鬲胤亘賷賯丕賱賲賵丕氐賮丞丕賱丿賵賱賷丞丕賱賲鬲毓賱賯丞亘丕賱鬲丿乇賷亘 (ISO 10015) 賲賳賯亘賱賵夭丕乇丞丕賱亘賱丿賷丕鬲賵丕賱兀卮睾丕賱丕賱毓丕賲丞丕賱毓乇丕賯賷丞貙亘賴丿賮鬲丨丿賷丿噩賵丿丞丕賱鬲丿乇賷亘賮賷賴丕. 賵亘丕爻鬲禺丿丕賲賯丕卅賲丞丕賱賮丨氐丕賱賲毓丿丞亘丕賱丕毓鬲賲丕丿毓賱賶賮賯乇丕鬲丕賱賲賵丕氐賮丞貙亘毓丿鬲毓乇賷亘丕賱賳爻禺丞丕賱丕賳賰賱賷夭賷丞賲賳賴丕貙賵丕賱鬲賷鬲賳丕賵賱鬲賲丐卮乇丕鬲丕賱鬲丿乇賷亘毓賱賶兀爻爻賳賵毓賷丞. 賵噩丕亍鬲賳鬲丕卅噩丕賱鬲丨賱賷賱賵丕賱丿乇丕爻丞賱鬲丐賰丿廿賳聽丕賱賲毓丿賱丕賱廿噩賲丕賱賷丕賱賲鬲丨賯賯賲賳賲賯丕乇賳丞鬲賯賵賷賲賳卮丕胤丕賱鬲丿乇賷亘賮賷鬲賱賰丕賱賵夭丕乇丞亘丕賱賲賵丕氐賮丞兀毓賱丕賴貙賵亘噩賲賷毓賮賯乇丕鬲賴丕丕賱乇卅賷爻丞貙賯丿亘賱睾 (%55)貙賵賴賵賷賯鬲乇亘賲賳賲胤亘賯噩夭卅賷丕賵賲賵孬賯賰賱賷丕貙賵亘賲丕賷卮賷乇丕賱賵囟毓廿賱賶賵噩賵丿賮噩賵丞毓丕賱賷丞賮賷鬲丨賯賷賯賲鬲胤賱亘丕鬲丕賱噩賵丿丞亘兀賳卮胤丞丕賱鬲丿乇賷亘.</span></div><div 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class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/73771595/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/60237788/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%A9_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A9">賮賱爻賮丞賳賵毓賷丞丨賷丕丞丕賱毓賲賱賮賷賲賳馗賲丕鬲丕賱兀賱賮賷丞丕賱孬丕賱孬丞</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">丕賱賲賯丿賲丞鬲噩丿丿丕賱丕賴鬲賲丕賲亘賲賵囟賵毓賳賵毓賷丞丨賷丕丞丕賱毓賲賱 (Quality of life) 丕賱匕賷賷乇賲夭賱賴丕禺鬲氐丕乇丕 (QWL)貙賮賷丕賱...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">丕賱賲賯丿賲丞鬲噩丿丿丕賱丕賴鬲賲丕賲亘賲賵囟賵毓賳賵毓賷丞丨賷丕丞丕賱毓賲賱 (Quality of life) 丕賱匕賷賷乇賲夭賱賴丕禺鬲氐丕乇丕 (QWL)貙賮賷丕賱爻賳賵丕鬲丕賱兀禺賷乇丞丕賱賲丕囟賷丞貙賵亘賲胤賱毓丕賱兀賱賮賷丞丕賱孬丕賱孬丞毓賱賶賵噩賴丕賱鬲丨丿賷丿貙賲賳賯亘賱丕賱亘丕丨孬賷賳丕賱兀賰丕丿賷賲賷賷賳賵丕賱賲賴鬲賲賷賳丕賱賲賲丕乇爻賷賳賮賷賲賳馗賲丕鬲丕賱兀毓賲丕賱貙賵匕賱賰亘賵氐賮賴賲廿賱賷賴亘兀賳賴兀賴賲賲氐丕丿乇丕賱乇囟丕賱賱毓丕賲賱賷賳貙賵丕賱毓賳氐乇丕賱賲賲賷夭賱亘賷卅丞毓賲賱賲賳馗賲丞賲丕毓賳睾賷乇賴丕. 賵賴賳丕貙賯丿亘乇夭鬲丕賱丕囟胤賱丕毓亘丕賱賲爻丐賵賱賷丞丕賱兀禺賱丕賯賷丞賵丕賱丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷丞賱鬲丨爻賷賳賳賵毓賷丞丨賷丕丞丕賱毓賲賱賱賱毓丕賲賱賷賳賮賷鬲賱賰丕賱賲賳馗賲丕鬲貙賵丕賱爻毓賷賲賳賯亘賱賴丕賱鬲胤亘賷賯賰賱丕賱賳卮丕胤丕鬲丕賱禺丕氐丞亘賴丕貙賱睾乇囟廿卮亘丕毓丨丕噩丕鬲賴賲賵乇睾亘丕鬲賴賲賮賷亘賷卅丞丕賱毓賲賱. 賵賷鬲賲孬賱賳噩丕丨賲賳馗賲丕鬲丕賱兀毓賲丕賱丕賱賲毓丕氐乇丞亘賯丿乇鬲賴丕毓賱賶鬲丨賯賷賯兀賴丿丕賮賴丕賵兀賴丿丕賮丕賱毓丕賲賱賷賳亘賴丕賮賷丌賳賵丕丨丿. 賵賱匕賱賰兀氐亘丨鬲丕賱廿丿丕乇丞丕賱賲毓丕氐乇丞賲丐賲賳丞賰賱丕賱廿賷賲丕賳亘丕賳賳噩丕丨丕賱賲賳馗賲丞爻賷賰賵賳賲乇賴賵賳丕亘鬲丨賯賷賯乇爻丕賱鬲賴丕丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓賷丞賲賳禺賱丕賱爻毓賷賴丕丕賱丨孬賷孬賱鬲胤亘賷賯亘乇丕賲噩鬲胤賵賷乇賳賵毓賷丞丨賷丕丞丕賱毓賲賱賮賷賴丕. 賵賷丐賰丿乇賵丕丿丕賱賮賰乇丕賱廿丿丕乇賷丕賱賲毓丕氐乇賷賳毓賱賶廿賳丕賱鬲丨丿賷丕鬲丕賱賰孬賷乇丞丕賱鬲賷鬲賵丕噩賴賲賳馗賲丕鬲兀毓賲丕賱丕賱兀賱賮賷丞丕賱孬丕賱孬丞賯丿鬲賮乇囟毓賱賷賴丕丕賱亘丨孬賵丕賱鬲賯氐賷毓賳鬲賯賳賷丕鬲鬲爻丕毓丿兀丿丕乇鬲賴丕賮賷鬲噩丕賵夭賲毓賷賯丕鬲丕賱毓賲賱賵賲爻亘亘丕鬲丕賱賮卮賱廿匕丕賵噩丿鬲兀賳賵丕丨丿丞賲賳賴丕賳丕鬲噩丞毓賳爻賵亍廿...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f7a23a361b806f1a350a8e07b4041597" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":73771595,"asset_id":60237788,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/73771595/download_file?st=MTczMjUyNjY4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjUyNjY4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="60237788"><a 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賵賷丐賰丿乇賵丕丿丕賱賮賰乇丕賱廿丿丕乇賷丕賱賲毓丕氐乇賷賳毓賱賶廿賳丕賱鬲丨丿賷丕鬲丕賱賰孬賷乇丞丕賱鬲賷鬲賵丕噩賴賲賳馗賲丕鬲兀毓賲丕賱丕賱兀賱賮賷丞丕賱孬丕賱孬丞賯丿鬲賮乇囟毓賱賷賴丕丕賱亘丨孬賵丕賱鬲賯氐賷毓賳鬲賯賳賷丕鬲鬲爻丕毓丿兀丿丕乇鬲賴丕賮賷鬲噩丕賵夭賲毓賷賯丕鬲丕賱毓賲賱賵賲爻亘亘丕鬲丕賱賮卮賱廿匕丕賵噩丿鬲兀賳賵丕丨丿丞賲賳賴丕賳丕鬲噩丞毓賳爻賵亍廿...","publisher":"University of Baghdad - College of Administration and Economics","publication_name":"Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences"},"translated_abstract":"丕賱賲賯丿賲丞鬲噩丿丿丕賱丕賴鬲賲丕賲亘賲賵囟賵毓賳賵毓賷丞丨賷丕丞丕賱毓賲賱 (Quality of life) 丕賱匕賷賷乇賲夭賱賴丕禺鬲氐丕乇丕 (QWL)貙賮賷丕賱爻賳賵丕鬲丕賱兀禺賷乇丞丕賱賲丕囟賷丞貙賵亘賲胤賱毓丕賱兀賱賮賷丞丕賱孬丕賱孬丞毓賱賶賵噩賴丕賱鬲丨丿賷丿貙賲賳賯亘賱丕賱亘丕丨孬賷賳丕賱兀賰丕丿賷賲賷賷賳賵丕賱賲賴鬲賲賷賳丕賱賲賲丕乇爻賷賳賮賷賲賳馗賲丕鬲丕賱兀毓賲丕賱貙賵匕賱賰亘賵氐賮賴賲廿賱賷賴亘兀賳賴兀賴賲賲氐丕丿乇丕賱乇囟丕賱賱毓丕賲賱賷賳貙賵丕賱毓賳氐乇丕賱賲賲賷夭賱亘賷卅丞毓賲賱賲賳馗賲丞賲丕毓賳睾賷乇賴丕. 賵賴賳丕貙賯丿亘乇夭鬲丕賱丕囟胤賱丕毓亘丕賱賲爻丐賵賱賷丞丕賱兀禺賱丕賯賷丞賵丕賱丕噩鬲賲丕毓賷丞賱鬲丨爻賷賳賳賵毓賷丞丨賷丕丞丕賱毓賲賱賱賱毓丕賲賱賷賳賮賷鬲賱賰丕賱賲賳馗賲丕鬲貙賵丕賱爻毓賷賲賳賯亘賱賴丕賱鬲胤亘賷賯賰賱丕賱賳卮丕胤丕鬲丕賱禺丕氐丞亘賴丕貙賱睾乇囟廿卮亘丕毓丨丕噩丕鬲賴賲賵乇睾亘丕鬲賴賲賮賷亘賷卅丞丕賱毓賲賱. 賵賷鬲賲孬賱賳噩丕丨賲賳馗賲丕鬲丕賱兀毓賲丕賱丕賱賲毓丕氐乇丞亘賯丿乇鬲賴丕毓賱賶鬲丨賯賷賯兀賴丿丕賮賴丕賵兀賴丿丕賮丕賱毓丕賲賱賷賳亘賴丕賮賷丌賳賵丕丨丿. 賵賱匕賱賰兀氐亘丨鬲丕賱廿丿丕乇丞丕賱賲毓丕氐乇丞賲丐賲賳丞賰賱丕賱廿賷賲丕賳亘丕賳賳噩丕丨丕賱賲賳馗賲丞爻賷賰賵賳賲乇賴賵賳丕亘鬲丨賯賷賯乇爻丕賱鬲賴丕丕賱賲噩鬲賲毓賷丞賲賳禺賱丕賱爻毓賷賴丕丕賱丨孬賷孬賱鬲胤亘賷賯亘乇丕賲噩鬲胤賵賷乇賳賵毓賷丞丨賷丕丞丕賱毓賲賱賮賷賴丕. 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</span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">鬲毓賱賲賳丕賮賷丕賱賲丿丕乇爻亘兀賳丕乇鬲賰丕亘丕賱丕禺胤丕亍卮賷亍睾賷乇賲賯亘賵賱貙賵賯丿鬲賴鬲夭賲賰丕賳鬲賳丕亘爻亘亘賴丕貙賵毓賳丿賲丕賳鬲禺乇噩賲賳賲毓丕賴丿賳丕賵賰賱賷丕鬲賳丕貙賵賳丨氐賱毓賱賶卮賴丕丿丕鬲賳丕丕賱毓賱賲賷丞貙賵賳丿禺賱毓丕賱賲丕賱毓賲賱賷爻鬲賲乇賰乇賴賳丕賵丕賲鬲毓丕馗賳丕賱賴丕. 賵亘賳丕亍丕賸毓賱賶匕賱賰貙賳丨丕賵賱亘匕賱賯氐丕乇賶噩賴丿賳丕賱鬲丨丕卮賷丕賱丕禺胤丕亍賲賴賲丕賰丕賳鬲亘爻賷胤丞貙賵賯丿賳賯賵賲丕丨賷丕賳丕賸亘廿禺賮丕卅賴丕貙丕賵鬲丨賵賷賱賱賵賲賵賯賵毓賴丕毓賱賶丕賱睾賷乇. 賮賮賷賴匕賴丕賱丨丕賱丞貙賳丿賮毓丕孬賲丕賳丕賸亘丕賴囟丞賱兀禺胤丕賳卅丕貙賵賯丿賷氐賱丕賱兀賲乇丕賱賶禺爻丕乇丞賵馗丕卅賮賳丕賱丕亘賱丨賷丕鬲賳丕賮賷亘毓囟丕賱丕丨賷丕賳. 賵亘丕賱賲賯丕亘賱賷賮鬲乇囟丕賳賳鬲毓賱賲賲賳丕禺胤丕卅賳丕貙賵賳毓鬲乇賮亘賴丕氐乇丕丨丞貙賵賳丨丿丿賴丕貙賵賳賯賵賲賯丿乇丕賱廿賲賰丕賳亘鬲氐丨賷丨賴丕. 賴匕賴鬲賵胤卅丞賱鬲毓乇賷亘賲賯丕賱丞 Professor Russell L. Ackoff, Amajor mistake that manager make, Handbook of business strategy, 2006, pp. 225-227. 賮賷毓丕賱賲丕賱丕毓賲丕賱貙丕匕丕丕乇鬲賰亘鬲丕賱丕禺胤丕亍賵賱賲賷鬲賲鬲噩丕賵夭丕賱賯丕賳賵賳亘爻亘亘賴丕貙賳賱丕丨馗賳丕丿乇丕賸賲丕賷鬲禺匕兀賷丕噩乇丕亍乇爻賲賷鬲噩丕賴賲賯鬲乇賮賷賴丕貙丨鬲賶毓賳丿賲丕鬲毓鬲乇賮丕賱卮乇賰丕鬲亘丨丿賵孬賴丕貙賵賱賰賳賴丕賱丕鬲賯賵賲亘丕賱鬲丨賯賷賯賮賷丕賱賲賵囟賵毓亘兀爻賱賵亘賳馗丕賲賷賲亘賳賷毓賱賶丕賱氐乇丕丨丞賵丕賱氐丿賯貙賱丕亘賱賷賮鬲乇囟丕賳鬲爻鬲禺丿賲丕賱賲賳馗賲丞丕賱毓賯賵亘丕鬲丕賱氐丕乇賲丞亘丨賯賲賳鬲爻亘亘丕賱丕囟乇丕乇亘賴丕. 賮賮賷賲孬賱賴匕賴丕賱丨丕賱丕鬲鬲賰賵賳賯丿禺爻乇鬲鬲賱賰丕賱賲賳馗賲丞賮乇氐丞丕賱鬲毓賱賲 ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="7521f791f2b7f70b1c2003d4e479fda4" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":70276015,"asset_id":53425345,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/70276015/download_file?st=MTczMjUyNjY4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjUyNjY4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="53425345"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="53425345"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 53425345; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=53425345]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=53425345]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 53425345; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='53425345']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 53425345, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "7521f791f2b7f70b1c2003d4e479fda4" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=53425345]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":53425345,"title":"丕賱丕禺胤丕亍丕賱賯丕鬲賱丞丕賱鬲賷賷乇鬲賰亘賴丕丕賱賲丿乇丕亍","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"鬲毓賱賲賳丕賮賷丕賱賲丿丕乇爻亘兀賳丕乇鬲賰丕亘丕賱丕禺胤丕亍卮賷亍睾賷乇賲賯亘賵賱貙賵賯丿鬲賴鬲夭賲賰丕賳鬲賳丕亘爻亘亘賴丕貙賵毓賳丿賲丕賳鬲禺乇噩賲賳賲毓丕賴丿賳丕賵賰賱賷丕鬲賳丕貙賵賳丨氐賱毓賱賶卮賴丕丿丕鬲賳丕丕賱毓賱賲賷丞貙賵賳丿禺賱毓丕賱賲丕賱毓賲賱賷爻鬲賲乇賰乇賴賳丕賵丕賲鬲毓丕馗賳丕賱賴丕. 賵亘賳丕亍丕賸毓賱賶匕賱賰貙賳丨丕賵賱亘匕賱賯氐丕乇賶噩賴丿賳丕賱鬲丨丕卮賷丕賱丕禺胤丕亍賲賴賲丕賰丕賳鬲亘爻賷胤丞貙賵賯丿賳賯賵賲丕丨賷丕賳丕賸亘廿禺賮丕卅賴丕貙丕賵鬲丨賵賷賱賱賵賲賵賯賵毓賴丕毓賱賶丕賱睾賷乇. 賮賮賷賴匕賴丕賱丨丕賱丞貙賳丿賮毓丕孬賲丕賳丕賸亘丕賴囟丞賱兀禺胤丕賳卅丕貙賵賯丿賷氐賱丕賱兀賲乇丕賱賶禺爻丕乇丞賵馗丕卅賮賳丕賱丕亘賱丨賷丕鬲賳丕賮賷亘毓囟丕賱丕丨賷丕賳. 賵亘丕賱賲賯丕亘賱賷賮鬲乇囟丕賳賳鬲毓賱賲賲賳丕禺胤丕卅賳丕貙賵賳毓鬲乇賮亘賴丕氐乇丕丨丞貙賵賳丨丿丿賴丕貙賵賳賯賵賲賯丿乇丕賱廿賲賰丕賳亘鬲氐丨賷丨賴丕. 賴匕賴鬲賵胤卅丞賱鬲毓乇賷亘賲賯丕賱丞 Professor Russell L. Ackoff, Amajor mistake that manager make, Handbook of business strategy, 2006, pp. 225-227. 賮賷毓丕賱賲丕賱丕毓賲丕賱貙丕匕丕丕乇鬲賰亘鬲丕賱丕禺胤丕亍賵賱賲賷鬲賲鬲噩丕賵夭丕賱賯丕賳賵賳亘爻亘亘賴丕貙賳賱丕丨馗賳丕丿乇丕賸賲丕賷鬲禺匕兀賷丕噩乇丕亍乇爻賲賷鬲噩丕賴賲賯鬲乇賮賷賴丕貙丨鬲賶毓賳丿賲丕鬲毓鬲乇賮丕賱卮乇賰丕鬲亘丨丿賵孬賴丕貙賵賱賰賳賴丕賱丕鬲賯賵賲亘丕賱鬲丨賯賷賯賮賷丕賱賲賵囟賵毓亘兀爻賱賵亘賳馗丕賲賷賲亘賳賷毓賱賶丕賱氐乇丕丨丞賵丕賱氐丿賯貙賱丕亘賱賷賮鬲乇囟丕賳鬲爻鬲禺丿賲丕賱賲賳馗賲丞丕賱毓賯賵亘丕鬲丕賱氐丕乇賲丞亘丨賯賲賳鬲爻亘亘丕賱丕囟乇丕乇亘賴丕. 賮賮賷賲孬賱賴匕賴丕賱丨丕賱丕鬲鬲賰賵賳賯丿禺爻乇鬲鬲賱賰丕賱賲賳馗賲丞賮乇氐丞丕賱鬲毓賱賲 ...","publisher":"University of Baghdad - College of Administration and Economics","publication_name":"Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences"},"translated_abstract":"鬲毓賱賲賳丕賮賷丕賱賲丿丕乇爻亘兀賳丕乇鬲賰丕亘丕賱丕禺胤丕亍卮賷亍睾賷乇賲賯亘賵賱貙賵賯丿鬲賴鬲夭賲賰丕賳鬲賳丕亘爻亘亘賴丕貙賵毓賳丿賲丕賳鬲禺乇噩賲賳賲毓丕賴丿賳丕賵賰賱賷丕鬲賳丕貙賵賳丨氐賱毓賱賶卮賴丕丿丕鬲賳丕丕賱毓賱賲賷丞貙賵賳丿禺賱毓丕賱賲丕賱毓賲賱賷爻鬲賲乇賰乇賴賳丕賵丕賲鬲毓丕馗賳丕賱賴丕. 賵亘賳丕亍丕賸毓賱賶匕賱賰貙賳丨丕賵賱亘匕賱賯氐丕乇賶噩賴丿賳丕賱鬲丨丕卮賷丕賱丕禺胤丕亍賲賴賲丕賰丕賳鬲亘爻賷胤丞貙賵賯丿賳賯賵賲丕丨賷丕賳丕賸亘廿禺賮丕卅賴丕貙丕賵鬲丨賵賷賱賱賵賲賵賯賵毓賴丕毓賱賶丕賱睾賷乇. 賮賮賷賴匕賴丕賱丨丕賱丞貙賳丿賮毓丕孬賲丕賳丕賸亘丕賴囟丞賱兀禺胤丕賳卅丕貙賵賯丿賷氐賱丕賱兀賲乇丕賱賶禺爻丕乇丞賵馗丕卅賮賳丕賱丕亘賱丨賷丕鬲賳丕賮賷亘毓囟丕賱丕丨賷丕賳. 賵亘丕賱賲賯丕亘賱賷賮鬲乇囟丕賳賳鬲毓賱賲賲賳丕禺胤丕卅賳丕貙賵賳毓鬲乇賮亘賴丕氐乇丕丨丞貙賵賳丨丿丿賴丕貙賵賳賯賵賲賯丿乇丕賱廿賲賰丕賳亘鬲氐丨賷丨賴丕. 賴匕賴鬲賵胤卅丞賱鬲毓乇賷亘賲賯丕賱丞 Professor Russell L. Ackoff, Amajor mistake that manager make, Handbook of business strategy, 2006, pp. 225-227. 賮賷毓丕賱賲丕賱丕毓賲丕賱貙丕匕丕丕乇鬲賰亘鬲丕賱丕禺胤丕亍賵賱賲賷鬲賲鬲噩丕賵夭丕賱賯丕賳賵賳亘爻亘亘賴丕貙賳賱丕丨馗賳丕丿乇丕賸賲丕賷鬲禺匕兀賷丕噩乇丕亍乇爻賲賷鬲噩丕賴賲賯鬲乇賮賷賴丕貙丨鬲賶毓賳丿賲丕鬲毓鬲乇賮丕賱卮乇賰丕鬲亘丨丿賵孬賴丕貙賵賱賰賳賴丕賱丕鬲賯賵賲亘丕賱鬲丨賯賷賯賮賷丕賱賲賵囟賵毓亘兀爻賱賵亘賳馗丕賲賷賲亘賳賷毓賱賶丕賱氐乇丕丨丞賵丕賱氐丿賯貙賱丕亘賱賷賮鬲乇囟丕賳鬲爻鬲禺丿賲丕賱賲賳馗賲丞丕賱毓賯賵亘丕鬲丕賱氐丕乇賲丞亘丨賯賲賳鬲爻亘亘丕賱丕囟乇丕乇亘賴丕. 賮賮賷賲孬賱賴匕賴丕賱丨丕賱丕鬲鬲賰賵賳賯丿禺爻乇鬲鬲賱賰丕賱賲賳馗賲丞賮乇氐丞丕賱鬲毓賱賲 ...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/53425345/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%8A_%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2021-09-26T16:32:19.457-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":198888682,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":70276015,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/70276015/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"1137.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/70276015/download_file?st=MTczMjUyNjY4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjUyNjY4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"70276015.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/70276015/1137-libre.pdf?1632706642=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3D70276015.pdf\u0026Expires=1732530287\u0026Signature=Q3nFeQbnNLiAO3iRxeMsjkOaseWFV9xJk2qvCRVvrJSOmDB2YSBIXPFnKI~dcgMJvN6klF3eP2WPRWS5iDfLnThAIA5jLDn7semZYhaFlNG6qhyixXNAJfeCvMcTL8tNXtmu-KiZk7CdjPoewEzRxsEhq1I0zb4kbaLb5MmRGOCePAajzqZ1fTBXHeTcEyOLeOSXabNl78jysM-WhCkGdCD8BRN0CfFezzyQI4TlLdSDa47dMgFzBHKrQX4ksmJPwm1sCpz7oMDy9likQJuXeSu18QzCqptpqLqf5Iq2XshLjttuGdJNwtJiPA7HDcRmea6ku86fqSxrYkR~fmjnXg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"丕賱丕禺胤丕亍_丕賱賯丕鬲賱丞_丕賱鬲賷_賷乇鬲賰亘賴丕_丕賱賲丿乇丕亍","translated_slug":"","page_count":5,"language":"ar","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":198888682,"first_name":"毓賱賷","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"丕賱毓賳夭賷","page_name":"毓賱賷丕賱毓賳夭賷8","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2021-07-17T06:28:34.294-07:00","display_name":"毓賱賷丕賱毓賳夭賷","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%8A8"},"attachments":[{"id":70276015,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/70276015/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"1137.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/70276015/download_file?st=MTczMjUyNjY4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjUyNjY4Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"70276015.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/70276015/1137-libre.pdf?1632706642=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3D70276015.pdf\u0026Expires=1732530287\u0026Signature=Q3nFeQbnNLiAO3iRxeMsjkOaseWFV9xJk2qvCRVvrJSOmDB2YSBIXPFnKI~dcgMJvN6klF3eP2WPRWS5iDfLnThAIA5jLDn7semZYhaFlNG6qhyixXNAJfeCvMcTL8tNXtmu-KiZk7CdjPoewEzRxsEhq1I0zb4kbaLb5MmRGOCePAajzqZ1fTBXHeTcEyOLeOSXabNl78jysM-WhCkGdCD8BRN0CfFezzyQI4TlLdSDa47dMgFzBHKrQX4ksmJPwm1sCpz7oMDy9likQJuXeSu18QzCqptpqLqf5Iq2XshLjttuGdJNwtJiPA7HDcRmea6ku86fqSxrYkR~fmjnXg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":70276016,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/70276016/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"1137.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/70276016/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"70276016.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/70276016/1137-libre.pdf?1632706641=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3D70276016.pdf\u0026Expires=1732530287\u0026Signature=b~XIkK~2Zy37pq1qv3ekv0ZmUJ7qImZF5h6P-0hu~4u3IrCAQ~96b6yIXzTQbLxNkkmWfF2TXlbLKAKJUE4C~SkD0rwelqU9KXyOue1zQvEB3CIhtQ14rpcsoaIWxU9gTJWIapjNr4ImqP2phcO~i2FYzdD5TgSVEiNtYG8vpjQ6l4L8k52iC5-Zb4DVvMO6kfnMzAQhl76GOxj6dN89fVDgzThMmH172C73KuKpxsNFKAm37lYlKiTFcoSLwBcwkVaOLBeEwNK4VWUaT~cD-v5rD1C2sNYnbnUJB7-~C6uPWRwvkYtp53UFnbl~MBCrKo8Mp2KzveCtoge-c5CyTg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2449700,"name":"Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Faculty_of_Economics_and_Administrative_Sciences"}],"urls":[{"id":11516530,"url":"http://jeasiq.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/JEASIQ/article/download/1240/1137"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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毓賱賷 丕賱毓賳夭賷 - Academia.edu

毓賱賷丕賱毓賳夭賷 - Academia.edu