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<li id="toc-Venues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Venues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Venues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Venues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Evolution_of_design" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evolution_of_design"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Evolution of design</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Evolution_of_design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Speed" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Speed"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Speed</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Speed-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span 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class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Classes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Classes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Classes subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Classes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-IceOptimist" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#IceOptimist"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>IceOptimist</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-IceOptimist-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_DN" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_DN"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>International DN</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_DN-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Monotype_XV" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monotype_XV"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Monotype XV</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monotype_XV-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nite" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nite"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Nite</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nite-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Renegade" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Renegade"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Renegade</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Renegade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Skeeter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Skeeter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Skeeter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Skeeter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Iceboat</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buyer" title="Buyer – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Buyer" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Буер – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Буер" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Буер – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Буер" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trineu_de_vela" title="Trineu de vela – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Trineu de vela" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isb%C3%A5d" title="Isbåd – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Isbåd" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eissegeln" title="Eissegeln – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Eissegeln" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A4%C3%A4purjekas" title="Jääpurjekas – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jääpurjekas" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trineo_de_vela" title="Trineo de vela – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Trineo de vela" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%82_%DB%8C%D8%AE" title="قایق یخ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قایق یخ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%97" title="סירת קרח – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סירת קרח" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Буер – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Буер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A9gvitorl%C3%A1s" title="Jégvitorlás – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jégvitorlás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buyer" title="Buyer – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Buyer" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bojer" title="Bojer – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bojer" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Буер – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Буер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceboat" title="Iceboat – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Iceboat" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isjakt" title="Isjakt – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Isjakt" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%94%D1%80" title="Буєр – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Буєр" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q487307#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ice_boat&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Ice boat">Ice boat</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Sailing craft for ice</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vinckboons_Landscape_with_skaters.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Vinckboons_Landscape_with_skaters.jpg/220px-Vinckboons_Landscape_with_skaters.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Vinckboons_Landscape_with_skaters.jpg/330px-Vinckboons_Landscape_with_skaters.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Vinckboons_Landscape_with_skaters.jpg/440px-Vinckboons_Landscape_with_skaters.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1511" data-file-height="767" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/David_Vinckboons" title="David Vinckboons">David Vinckboons</a>: Landscape with skaters (cca. 1615), 17th century boer type iceboats</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/IJszeilen_op_de_Gouwzee_Weeknummer_38-52_-_Open_Beelden_-_50860.ogv/220px--IJszeilen_op_de_Gouwzee_Weeknummer_38-52_-_Open_Beelden_-_50860.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="180" data-durationhint="47" data-mwtitle="IJszeilen_op_de_Gouwzee_Weeknummer_38-52_-_Open_Beelden_-_50860.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:IJszeilen_op_de_Gouwzee_Weeknummer_38-52_-_Open_Beelden_-_50860.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f9/IJszeilen_op_de_Gouwzee_Weeknummer_38-52_-_Open_Beelden_-_50860.ogv/IJszeilen_op_de_Gouwzee_Weeknummer_38-52_-_Open_Beelden_-_50860.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="352" data-height="288" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/IJszeilen_op_de_Gouwzee_Weeknummer_38-52_-_Open_Beelden_-_50860.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="352" data-height="288" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f9/IJszeilen_op_de_Gouwzee_Weeknummer_38-52_-_Open_Beelden_-_50860.ogv/IJszeilen_op_de_Gouwzee_Weeknummer_38-52_-_Open_Beelden_-_50860.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="176" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f9/IJszeilen_op_de_Gouwzee_Weeknummer_38-52_-_Open_Beelden_-_50860.ogv/IJszeilen_op_de_Gouwzee_Weeknummer_38-52_-_Open_Beelden_-_50860.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="294" data-height="240" /></video></span><figcaption>Boer Ice sailing in the Netherlands in 1938.</figcaption></figure> <p>An <b>iceboat</b> (occasionally spelled <b>ice boat</b> or traditionally called an <b>ice yacht</b>) is a recreational or competition <a href="/wiki/Sailing_craft" class="mw-redirect" title="Sailing craft">sailing craft</a> supported on metal runners for traveling over ice. One of the runners is steerable. Originally, such craft were boats with a support structure, riding on the runners and steered with a rear blade, as with a conventional <a href="/wiki/Rudder" title="Rudder">rudder</a>. As iceboats evolved, the structure became a frame with a seat or cockpit for the iceboat sailor, resting on runners. Steering was shifted to the front. </p><p>Because of their low resistance to forward motion over ice, iceboats are capable of speeds exceeding 60 miles per hour (100 km/h). Because of their speed, iceboats are used both for recreation and for racing. Racing craft typically carry one person. </p><p>A related activity, <a href="/wiki/Land_sailing" title="Land sailing">land sailing</a>, employs sailing craft similar to iceboats, but riding on wheels instead of runners. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iceboat&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ice_boat_(Quebec).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Ice_boat_%28Quebec%29.jpg/220px-Ice_boat_%28Quebec%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Ice_boat_%28Quebec%29.jpg/330px-Ice_boat_%28Quebec%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Ice_boat_%28Quebec%29.jpg/440px-Ice_boat_%28Quebec%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="527" /></a><figcaption>Ice boat on <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lawrence_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Lawrence River">Saint Lawrence River</a>, Quebec City, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1858–1860</span></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ice_yachters_on_Hudson_River_near_Barrytown,_NY.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Several boats with their sails at various stages of dismantling surrounding a large vehicle with a wooded promontory behind them. In the far right upper background a portion of a bridge is visible" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Ice_yachters_on_Hudson_River_near_Barrytown%2C_NY.jpg/220px-Ice_yachters_on_Hudson_River_near_Barrytown%2C_NY.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Ice_yachters_on_Hudson_River_near_Barrytown%2C_NY.jpg/330px-Ice_yachters_on_Hudson_River_near_Barrytown%2C_NY.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Ice_yachters_on_Hudson_River_near_Barrytown%2C_NY.jpg/440px-Ice_yachters_on_Hudson_River_near_Barrytown%2C_NY.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5934" data-file-height="3270" /></a><figcaption>Classic iceboats on the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River" title="Hudson River">Hudson River</a> at <a href="/wiki/Barrytown,_New_York" title="Barrytown, New York">Barrytown, NY</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ice_Boating_in_Toledo,_Ohio_-_DPLA_-_cdc2a9bbbe005e8c433cf763c6ed29af_(page_1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Ice_Boating_in_Toledo%2C_Ohio_-_DPLA_-_cdc2a9bbbe005e8c433cf763c6ed29af_%28page_1%29.jpg/220px-Ice_Boating_in_Toledo%2C_Ohio_-_DPLA_-_cdc2a9bbbe005e8c433cf763c6ed29af_%28page_1%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Ice_Boating_in_Toledo%2C_Ohio_-_DPLA_-_cdc2a9bbbe005e8c433cf763c6ed29af_%28page_1%29.jpg/330px-Ice_Boating_in_Toledo%2C_Ohio_-_DPLA_-_cdc2a9bbbe005e8c433cf763c6ed29af_%28page_1%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Ice_Boating_in_Toledo%2C_Ohio_-_DPLA_-_cdc2a9bbbe005e8c433cf763c6ed29af_%28page_1%29.jpg/440px-Ice_Boating_in_Toledo%2C_Ohio_-_DPLA_-_cdc2a9bbbe005e8c433cf763c6ed29af_%28page_1%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2367" data-file-height="1534" /></a><figcaption>Ice Boating in Toledo, Ohio</figcaption></figure> <p>The history of iceboating began in Europe in areas where smooth ice was found in the bays of the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a> and the canals of the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Little_Ice_Age" title="Little Ice Age">little ice age</a>. Initially boats were used for commerce, but soon evolved into pleasure craft—"ice yachts". Ice sailing came to North America, where the sailing craft evolved into recreational and racing versions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Venues">Venues</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iceboat&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Venues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Iceboating began in the 17th century as a documented means of transport on the frozen <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Riga" title="Gulf of Riga">Gulf of Riga</a> and the canals of the Netherlands into the 18th century.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ice boats carried cargo on Dutch canals during the 17th century.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first iceboats were introduced on New York State's <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River" title="Hudson River">Hudson River</a> in the United States in 1790, where the practice flourished as a sport. The first recorded boat, built in 1790 by Oliver Booth of <a href="/wiki/Poughkeepsie" class="mw-redirect" title="Poughkeepsie">Poughkeepsie</a>, was a square box atop three runners, the two forward runners being nailed to the box and the third acted as a rudder operated by a tiller. This type of craft was accessible to sportsmen of modest means.<sup id="cite_ref-:03_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:03-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the mid-19th century, two "ice yachting" clubs had formed, the Poughkeepsie Ice Yacht Club (1865) and the Hudson River Ice Yacht Club (1870), where wealthy boat owners sailed large iceboats with up to seven crew members. Boats were as long as 69 feet (21 m) and sailed as fast as 107 miles per hour (172 km/h), a record exceeding any other conveyance in 1885, set by the <i><a href="/wiki/Icicle_(yacht)" title="Icicle (yacht)">Icicle</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first American Challenge Pennant occurred in 1881 on the Hudson river with five ice-yacht clubs competing. Races were sailed five times around a triangular course with one-mile legs, two of which were to windward. Iceboats were divided into four classes with sail areas ranging from less than 300 square feet to over 600 square feet.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the beginning of the 20th century, iceboating had spread to Minnesota (<a href="/wiki/Lake_Minnetonka" title="Lake Minnetonka">Lake Minnetonka</a> and <a href="/wiki/White_Bear_Lake,_Minnesota" title="White Bear Lake, Minnesota">White Bear Lake</a>), Wisconsin (<a href="/wiki/Lake_Winnebago" title="Lake Winnebago">Lake Winnebago</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lake_Pepin" title="Lake Pepin">Lake Pepin</a>), Michigan (<a href="/wiki/Lake_St._Clair" title="Lake St. Clair">Lake St. Clair</a>), and venues in Maine and Vermont. In Canada, there were venues on <a href="/wiki/Lake_Ontario" title="Lake Ontario">Lake Ontario</a> (Kingston) and the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lawrence_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Lawrence River">Saint Lawrence River</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A European ice sailing club formed first in Sweden (1901), followed by the European Ice Yachting Union, which formed in 1928 with member states Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Sweden, Austria, and Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Evolution_of_design">Evolution of design</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iceboat&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Evolution of design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>17th-century Dutch ice yachts consisted of flat-bottomed sailboats atop a cross-wise plank, resting on outboard metal runners, which carried the bulk of the weight of the craft. At the stern was a steering runner, attached to a rudder-like structure. to which are affixed four steel runners, one each at bow, stern and each end of the planking. These boats used conventional gaff mainsails and jibs, attached to the mast by travellers. A tiller or wheel stern controls the steering runner.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 19th century iceboats evolved into a box, riding on cross-pieces, supported by runners. These "stern-steerer" iceboats were generally rigged as <a href="/wiki/Sloop" title="Sloop">sloops</a>, with a <a href="/wiki/Jib" title="Jib">jib</a> sail forward of the mast, although the <a href="/wiki/Catboat" title="Catboat">catboat</a> style with a single sail was also used.<sup id="cite_ref-:03_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:03-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1879 the archetypical Hudson River iceboat began to emerge. The <i>Robert Scott</i>, designed and built by H. Relyea, had a single backbone and wire guy-ropes. The mast on subsequent boats were stepped further forward than in the past with shortened jibs were shortened and the center of effort and resistance brought into balance, aligning both with the main runners.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The shallow cockpit box became elliptical.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A few "Class A'' stern steerers with at least 250 square feet (23 m<sup>2</sup>) of sail area survived in to the late 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> In the early 1900s some smaller iceboats, called <i>scooters</i>, were designed to traverse both ice and water with a shallow, oval 15×5 feet (4.6×1.5 m) hull on fixed runners. These sailing craft were steered by manipulating the sails, there being no rudder.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dn_nasva_0820.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Dn_nasva_0820.jpg/220px-Dn_nasva_0820.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Dn_nasva_0820.jpg/330px-Dn_nasva_0820.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Dn_nasva_0820.jpg/440px-Dn_nasva_0820.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3740" data-file-height="2493" /></a><figcaption>An iceboat at the 2011 DN European Championships in <a href="/wiki/Nasva,_Saare_County" title="Nasva, Saare County">Nasva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></figcaption></figure><p>The traditional stern-steerer boats were largely replaced by front steering boats in the 1930s, following the development of this style by Walter Beauvois of <a href="/wiki/Williams_Bay,_Wisconsin" title="Williams Bay, Wisconsin">Williams Bay, Wisconsin</a> in a boat named the <i>Beau Skeeter</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This boat led to the "Skeeter" class, and the <i>Skeeter Ice Boat Club</i> formed on <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Lake" title="Geneva Lake">Geneva Lake</a>, Wisconsin. The Skeeter class adopted the logo of a mosquito on their sail, and has evolved into an <a href="/wiki/Aerodynamics" title="Aerodynamics">aerodynamically clean</a> machine. The Skeeter class is limited to just 75 square feet (7.0 m<sup>2</sup>) of sail.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1937, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Detroit_News" title="The Detroit News">The Detroit News</a></i> sponsored a new home-buildable ice boat design, which became the <a href="/wiki/International_DN" title="International DN">International DN</a>. In 1968 Dick Slates of <a href="/wiki/Pewaukee,_Wisconsin" title="Pewaukee, Wisconsin">Pewaukee, Wisconsin</a> designed and built the <i>Nite</i> with two wooden prototypes. The design was refined and fiberglass production began in 1970.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Speed">Speed</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iceboat&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Speed"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ice_boat_apparent_wind_on_different_points_of_sail.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Ice_boat_apparent_wind_on_different_points_of_sail.jpg/220px-Ice_boat_apparent_wind_on_different_points_of_sail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Ice_boat_apparent_wind_on_different_points_of_sail.jpg/330px-Ice_boat_apparent_wind_on_different_points_of_sail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Ice_boat_apparent_wind_on_different_points_of_sail.jpg/440px-Ice_boat_apparent_wind_on_different_points_of_sail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Diagram of apparent wind (V<sub>A</sub>) on an iceboat on different points of sail</figcaption></figure> <p>Iceboats designs dating from the mid 20th century onwards typically consist of a triangular or cross-shaped frame, supported by three skate blades called "runners", with the steering runner in front. Runners are made of iron or steel with sharpened edges, which hold onto the ice, preventing slippage sideways from the lateral force of the wind developed by the sails, as they develop <a href="/wiki/Forces_on_sails" title="Forces on sails">propulsive lift</a>. Given their low forward resistance, iceboats can sail up to five times the speed of the true wind.<sup id="cite_ref-Boat_Speed_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boat_Speed-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because the velocity of the iceboat (V<sub>B</sub>) is so much greater than the true wind velocity (V<sub>T</sub>), the <a href="/wiki/Apparent_wind" title="Apparent wind">apparent wind</a> (V<sub>A</sub>) is only a few degrees from the direction of travel on most <a href="/wiki/Point_of_sail" title="Point of sail">points of sail</a> and the sail is close-hauled in each. V<sub>A</sub> is generated by the combination of iceboat velocity (V<sub>B</sub>) and true wind velocity (V<sub>T</sub>).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attainable_speeds">Attainable speeds</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iceboat&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Attainable speeds"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Different classes of iceboat can achieve speeds, as follow. </p> <ul><li>International DN: 55–68 miles per hour (89–109 km/h).<sup id="cite_ref-Boat_Speed_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boat_Speed-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Skeeter: 84 miles per hour (135 km/h).</li> <li>Classic iceboats: While claimed speeds for such craft have been as high as 140 miles per hour (230 km/h) in the early 20th century,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> other sources cast doubt on both the technology for achieving and for measuring such speeds at those times.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Race_courses">Race courses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iceboat&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Race courses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Because of the high boat speeds, iceboat race courses are established around fixed marks which are to be rounded in a one-way route, enhancing boat-to-boat traffic safety. The courses are a straight line <a href="/wiki/Upwind" class="mw-redirect" title="Upwind">upwind</a> and <a href="/wiki/Downwind" class="mw-redirect" title="Downwind">downwind</a>, which necessitates <a href="/wiki/Tacking_(sailing)" title="Tacking (sailing)">tacking</a> upwind and <a href="/wiki/Jibe" title="Jibe">jibing</a> downwind.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classes">Classes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iceboat&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Classes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Among the classes of iceboat are sailing craft that have associations in Europe and North America: IceOptimist, International DN, and Monotype XV. Others are regional in North America: Nite, Renegade, and Skeeter. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:JWC-JEC_2019_IceOptimists.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="IceOptimists"><img alt="IceOptimists" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/JWC-JEC_2019_IceOptimists.jpg/200px-JWC-JEC_2019_IceOptimists.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/JWC-JEC_2019_IceOptimists.jpg/300px-JWC-JEC_2019_IceOptimists.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/JWC-JEC_2019_IceOptimists.jpg/400px-JWC-JEC_2019_IceOptimists.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1728" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">IceOptimists</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Regaty_bojerowe_w_klasie_DN_na_Jeziorze_Du%C5%BCym_w_%C5%BBninie.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="International DN class iceboats at the start of a race in Znin, Poland"><img alt="International DN class iceboats at the start of a race in Znin, Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Regaty_bojerowe_w_klasie_DN_na_Jeziorze_Du%C5%BCym_w_%C5%BBninie.jpg/200px-Regaty_bojerowe_w_klasie_DN_na_Jeziorze_Du%C5%BCym_w_%C5%BBninie.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Regaty_bojerowe_w_klasie_DN_na_Jeziorze_Du%C5%BCym_w_%C5%BBninie.jpg/300px-Regaty_bojerowe_w_klasie_DN_na_Jeziorze_Du%C5%BCym_w_%C5%BBninie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Regaty_bojerowe_w_klasie_DN_na_Jeziorze_Du%C5%BCym_w_%C5%BBninie.jpg/400px-Regaty_bojerowe_w_klasie_DN_na_Jeziorze_Du%C5%BCym_w_%C5%BBninie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2543" data-file-height="1695" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">International DN class iceboats at the start of a race in <a href="/wiki/Znin" class="mw-redirect" title="Znin">Znin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SIK-N157_14.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Monotype XV"><img alt="Monotype XV" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/SIK-N157_14.jpg/200px-SIK-N157_14.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/SIK-N157_14.jpg/300px-SIK-N157_14.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/SIK-N157_14.jpg/400px-SIK-N157_14.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4061" data-file-height="2656" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Monotype XV</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="IceOptimist">IceOptimist</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iceboat&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: IceOptimist"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The IceOptimist is a youth iceboat class that uses the sails and the rig of the <a href="/wiki/Optimist_(dinghy)" title="Optimist (dinghy)">International Optimist dinghy</a>. The first design was built in <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> in 1978, with scaled-down elements of a <a href="/wiki/International_DN" title="International DN">DN</a>. In 2002, the class was registered under the guardianship of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idniyra.eu">IDNIYRA Europe</a> with the permission of <a href="/wiki/Optimist_(dinghy)" title="Optimist (dinghy)">IODA</a>. World and European Championships are sailed each winter with a fleet of approximately 40 racers.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_DN">International DN</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iceboat&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: International DN"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/International_DN" title="International DN">International DN</a> class is the most popular class in both North America, Europe and Asia.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> It is a one-person wood boat twelve feet long with a cross-plank eight feet long that carries a mast 16 feet (4.88 m) high. Modern competitive DNs use flexible masts commonly made of composite materials.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The DN 60 derives its name from the 1937 request of <i>The Detroit News</i> for a high-performance, inexpensive, home-built iceboat design. Modern DNs share many one-design features with the original boat, including the basic aerodynamic fuselage design, runner configurations and 60 square feet (5.6 m<sup>2</sup>) of high-performance sail.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Monotype_XV">Monotype XV</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iceboat&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Monotype XV"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Monotype XV is a class of stern-steering iceboat based on a 1932 design by an Estonian, <a href="/wiki/Erik_von_Holst" title="Erik von Holst">Erik von Holst</a>. It may be single or double-handed. The <a href="/wiki/One-Design" class="mw-redirect" title="One-Design">One-Design</a> class is built according to close specifications, little changed since the 1930s. It is the largest one-design iceboat class in Europe and the only double-handed iceboat class for which there are international championships. The 205-kilogram (452 lb) is 7.5×4.2 metres (25×14 ft) in length and width with a 7.2-metre (24 ft) high mast.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nite">Nite</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iceboat&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Nite"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nite is a class of iceboat that has a two-seat side-by-side fiberglass fuselage and a 67-square-foot (6.2 m<sup>2</sup>) sail. It is constructed according to tight specifications.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Renegade">Renegade</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iceboat&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Renegade"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Renegade is a class of home-built iceboat whose prototype appeared in 1947 in Wisconsin, designed by Elmer Millenbach to be carried atop an automobile.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Plans were published in 1950.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has a 67-square-foot (6.2 m<sup>2</sup>) sail on a flexible aerodynamic spar.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Skeeter">Skeeter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iceboat&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Skeeter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Skeeter class is divided into sub-classes (A, B and C) all of which are limited to 75 square feet (7.0 m<sup>2</sup>) of sail area.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>A-class</i> boats may be single or two-place tandem with a mast that does not exceed 28.5 feet (8.7 m). They may incorporate carbon fiber construction.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>B-class</i> boats have seats for two (side by side). <i>C-class</i> skeeters may be single or two-place tandem with a mast that does not exceed 20.25 feet (6.17 m).<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iceboat&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 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class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iceboat&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output 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0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFEditors2020" class="citation web cs1">Editors (February 17, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/sports/iceboating">"Iceboating | sport"</a>. <i>Britannica.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 14,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Britannica.com&rft.atitle=Iceboating+%7C+sport&rft.date=2020-02-17&rft.au=Editors&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fsports%2Ficeboating&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIceboat" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|last=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpectre2006" class="citation book cs1">Spectre, Peter H. 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International Skeeter Association<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 18,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=iceboat.org&rft.atitle=The+Renegade+Story&rft.aulast=Millenbach&rft.aufirst=Elmer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iceboat.org%2Frenegadestory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIceboat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrennan1950" class="citation journal cs1">Brennan, Walter X. (December 1950). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://139655-585885-raikfcquaxqncofqfm.stackpathdns.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/1950-1951-Popular-Mechanics-Article.pdf">"Building the Renegade Ice Yacht"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Science and Mechanics</i>: 181–99.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+and+Mechanics&rft.atitle=Building+the+Renegade+Ice+Yacht&rft.pages=181-99&rft.date=1950-12&rft.aulast=Brennan&rft.aufirst=Walter+X.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F139655-585885-raikfcquaxqncofqfm.stackpathdns.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2017%2F05%2F1950-1951-Popular-Mechanics-Article.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIceboat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iceboat.org/regattas/internationalskeeterassociation/">"International Skeeter Association"</a>. <i>iceboat.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=iceboat.org&rft.atitle=International+Skeeter+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iceboat.org%2Fregattas%2Finternationalskeeterassociation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIceboat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClass_committee2016" class="citation web cs1">Class committee (October 16, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://139655-585885-raikfcquaxqncofqfm.stackpathdns.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/ISARules.pdf">"General rules and regulations of the International Skeeter Association"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 14,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=General+rules+and+regulations+of+the+International+Skeeter+Association&rft.date=2016-10-16&rft.au=Class+committee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F139655-585885-raikfcquaxqncofqfm.stackpathdns.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2017%2F05%2FISARules.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIceboat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iceboat&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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of ice">Superionic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Formations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anchor_ice" title="Anchor ice">Anchor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_cap" title="Ice cap">Cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_cave" title="Ice cave">Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_dune" title="Ice dune">Dune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_field" title="Ice field">Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glacier" title="Glacier">Glacier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceberg" title="Iceberg">Iceberg</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ice_calving" title="Ice calving">calving</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icicle" title="Icicle">Icicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_jam" title="Ice jam">Jam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_ice" title="Sea ice">Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_sheet" title="Ice sheet">Sheet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_spike" title="Ice spike">Spike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalactite#Ice_stalactites" title="Stalactite">Stalactites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_volcano" title="Ice volcano">Volcano</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Phenomena</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ice%E2%80%93albedo_feedback" title="Ice–albedo feedback">Albedo feedback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_ice" title="Black ice">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_circle" title="Ice circle">Circle or disc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clear_ice" title="Clear ice">Clear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_crystals" class="mw-redirect" title="Ice crystals">Crystals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firn" title="Firn">Firn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_fog" class="mw-redirect" title="Ice fog">Fog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frazil_ice" title="Frazil ice">Frazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frost" title="Frost">Frost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frost_heaving" title="Frost heaving">Frost heave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frost_flower" title="Frost flower">Frost flower</a> (<a href="/wiki/Frost_flower_(sea_ice)" title="Frost flower (sea ice)">sea ice</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glaze_(ice)" title="Glaze (ice)">Glaze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hail" title="Hail">Hail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_ice" title="Hair ice">Hair ice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_jacking" title="Ice jacking">Jacking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9v%C3%A9" title="Névé">Névé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Needle_ice" title="Needle ice">Needle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_nucleus" title="Ice nucleus">Nucleus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rime_ice" title="Rime ice">Rime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_shove" title="Ice shove">Shove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuga_(ice)" title="Shuga (ice)">Shuga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slurry_ice" title="Slurry ice">Slurry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slush" title="Slush">Slush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snow" title="Snow">Snow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_storm" title="Ice storm">Storm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ice-related<br />activities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ice_bath" title="Ice bath">Bathing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_blasting" title="Ice blasting">Blasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_blocking" title="Ice blocking">Blocking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_climbing" title="Ice climbing">Climbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_fishing" title="Ice fishing">Fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_rafting" title="Ice rafting">Rafting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_sculpture" title="Ice sculpture">Sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_skating" title="Ice skating">Skating</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Winter_sports" title="Winter sports">Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandy" title="Bandy">Bandy</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Iceboating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_cricket" title="Ice cricket">Cricket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curling" title="Curling">Curling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icetrack_cycling" title="Icetrack cycling">Cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figure_skating" title="Figure skating">Figure skating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">Ice hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_racing" title="Ice racing">Ice racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speed_skating" title="Speed skating">Speed skating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short-track_speed_skating" title="Short-track speed skating">Short-track speed skating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tour_skating" title="Tour skating">Tour skating</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Constructions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ice_bar" title="Ice bar">Bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_bridge" title="Ice bridge">Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_hotel" title="Ice hotel">Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igloo" title="Igloo">Igloo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_palace" title="Ice palace">Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_pier" title="Ice pier">Pier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pykrete" title="Pykrete">Pykrete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_rink" title="Ice rink">Rink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_road" title="Ice road">Road</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Work</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ice_cutting" title="Ice cutting">Cutting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icebox" title="Icebox">Icebox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_house_(building)" title="Ice house (building)">Icehouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceman_(occupation)" title="Iceman (occupation)">Iceman (occupation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_pick" title="Ice pick">Pick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_trade" title="Ice trade">Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakhch%C4%81l" title="Yakhchāl">Yakhchāl</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other uses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ice_chips" class="mw-redirect" title="Ice chips">Chips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_core" title="Ice core">Core</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_cream" title="Ice cream">Cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_cube" title="Ice cube">Cube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_pack" title="Ice pack">Pack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ice_age" title="Ice age">Ice ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glaciology" title="Glaciology">Glaciology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Ice_Age" title="Little Ice Age">Little Ice Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleistocene" title="Pleistocene">Pleistocene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snowball_Earth" title="Snowball Earth">Snowball Earth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Water_ice" title="Category:Water ice">Category</a></li> <li> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ice" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ice">Wikimedia Commons</a></li> <li> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wiktionary page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ice" class="extiw" title="wikt:ice">Wiktionary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487307#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487307#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487307#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85063976">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007538546205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/ded3fd40-a11c-4e29-b448-fa29ef95bde4">KulturNav</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10636733">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iceboat&oldid=1243292543">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iceboat&oldid=1243292543</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human-powered_watercraft" title="Category:Human-powered watercraft">Human-powered watercraft</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ice_yachting" title="Category:Ice yachting">Ice yachting</a></li><li><a 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