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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Types</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bridle_configuration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bridle_configuration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Bridle configuration</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bridle_configuration-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Bridle configuration subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Bridle_configuration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fixed_bridle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fixed_bridle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Fixed bridle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fixed_bridle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Depowerable" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Depowerable"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Depowerable</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Depowerable-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Safety" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Safety"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Safety</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Safety-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span 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<span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div 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class="mw-page-title-main">Power kite</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Large kite designed to provide significant pull to the user</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kite_surfing_Oahu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Kite_surfing_Oahu.jpg/300px-Kite_surfing_Oahu.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Kite_surfing_Oahu.jpg/450px-Kite_surfing_Oahu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Kite_surfing_Oahu.jpg/600px-Kite_surfing_Oahu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="970" data-file-height="605" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kitesurfing" class="mw-redirect" title="Kitesurfing">Kitesurfing</a> in strong onshore winds off the <a href="/wiki/North_Shore_(Oahu)" title="North Shore (Oahu)">north shore</a> of <a href="/wiki/Oahu" title="Oahu">Oʻahu</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>power kite</b> or <b>traction kite</b> is a large <a href="/wiki/Kite" title="Kite">kite</a> designed to provide significant pull to the user. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Power_kite&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The two most common forms are the <a href="/wiki/Foil_kite" title="Foil kite">foil</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Leading_edge_inflatable_kite" title="Leading edge inflatable kite">leading edge inflatable</a>. There are also other less common types of power kite including <a href="/wiki/Rigid-framed_power_kite" title="Rigid-framed power kite">rigid-framed kites</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soft_single_skin_kite" title="Soft single skin kite">soft single skin kites</a>. There are several different <a href="/wiki/Kite_control_systems" title="Kite control systems">control systems</a> used with these kites which have two to five lines and a bar or handles. </p><p>Foil kites consist of a number of cells with cloth ribs in each cell. It is the profile of these ribs that gives the kite its aerofoil shape and enable it to generate lift. The most common type is the ram-air foil, where each cell has a gauze-covered opening at the front, meaning air is forced in during flight, giving the kite its stiffness and enabling it to hold its profile. Some ram-air foils are closed-cell, where a one-way valve locks the air inside the cells, giving some increased water relaunch capability. </p><p>Leading edge inflatable kites (LEIs) are made of a single skin of fabric with, as the name suggests, an inflated tubular leading edge and inflated ribs. The leading edge and ribs are inflated by the user with a pump prior to launching the kite. The profile of an LEI type kite comes from the inflatable edge and ribs. LEI kites are primarily used for kitesurfing, as they retain their structure when wet and can be easily relaunched from the water after sitting on the surface for an extended period. Conversely, an open-celled foil kite crashed into the sea immediately becomes saturated with water and unflyable. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Power_kite&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Power kites are generally used in conjunction with a vehicle or board, such as in: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kitesurfing" class="mw-redirect" title="Kitesurfing">kitesurfing</a> on a kiteboard</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kite_buggy" title="Kite buggy">kite buggying</a> on a purpose-built 3-wheeled cart</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kite_landboarding" title="Kite landboarding">kite landboarding</a> on an <a href="/wiki/Mountainboarding" title="Mountainboarding">all-terrain/mountain/land board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kite_skating" class="mw-redirect" title="Kite skating">kite skating</a> on all-terrain <a href="/wiki/Roller_skates" title="Roller skates">roller skates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiteboating" title="Kiteboating">kiteboating</a>, on a boat</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snowkiting" title="Snowkiting">snowkiting</a> on <a href="/wiki/Ski" title="Ski">skis</a> or <a href="/wiki/Snowboard" title="Snowboard">snowboards</a></li></ul> <p>Power kites can also be used recreationally without a vehicle or board, as in kite jumping or kite <a href="/wiki/Man-lifting_kite" title="Man-lifting kite">man lifting</a>, where a harnessed kite flier is <a href="/wiki/Kite_mooring" title="Kite mooring">moored</a> to the ground or one or more people to provide <a href="/wiki/Tension_(physics)" title="Tension (physics)">tension</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lift_(force)" title="Lift (force)">lift</a> </p><p>Research is also under way in the use of kites to <a href="/wiki/Electricity_generation" title="Electricity generation">generate electric power</a> to be fed into a <a href="/wiki/Power_grid" class="mw-redirect" title="Power grid">power grid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Laddermill" title="Laddermill">Laddermills</a> are a type of <a href="/wiki/Airborne_wind_turbine" title="Airborne wind turbine">airborne wind turbine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As an alternative to fuel-powered generators, shipping container sized generators can provide electricity to remote locations using large computer-controlled foil kites and battery reserves.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kites are used to reach <a href="/wiki/High_altitude_wind_power" class="mw-redirect" title="High altitude wind power">high altitude winds</a> such as a <a href="/wiki/Jet_stream" title="Jet stream">jet stream</a>, which are always present, even if ground level <a href="/wiki/Wind" title="Wind">winds</a> available to <a href="/wiki/Wind_turbine" title="Wind turbine">wind turbines</a> are absent. </p><p>Kites of related design are used for <a href="/wiki/Sailing" title="Sailing">sailing</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Speed_sailing" title="Speed sailing">speed sailing</a>. <i>Jacob's Ladder</i>, a <a href="/wiki/Kiteboating" title="Kiteboating">kite-powered boat</a>, set the C-Class <a href="/wiki/Speed_sailing_record" title="Speed sailing record">world sailing speed record</a> with a speed of 25 <a href="/wiki/Knot_(unit)" title="Knot (unit)">knots</a> (46 km/h) in 1982, a record that stood for six years.<sup id="cite_ref-WSSRC_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WSSRC-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Kitesurfing" class="mw-redirect" title="Kitesurfing">kiteboard</a> was the first sailing craft to exceed a speed of 50 knots (93 km/h) in October 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-WSSRC_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WSSRC-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Power kites range in size from 1.2 to 50 m<sup>2</sup> (13 to 538 sq ft). All kites are made for specific purposes: some for water, land, power or maneuverability. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bridle_configuration">Bridle configuration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Power_kite&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Bridle configuration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The lift generated by the kite and other flying characteristics are affected by the kite's angle of attack, which is set by the bridle; the arrangement of lines which terminate the main kite lines and attach to a number of points across the kite's surface. Power kites having 4 or 5 lines come in two variants, fixed bridle and depowerable. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fixed_bridle">Fixed bridle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Power_kite&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Fixed bridle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fixed bridle kites have a fixed <a href="/wiki/Angle_of_attack" title="Angle of attack">angle of attack</a> which is set by the bridle. Small adjustments may be possible by adjusting the bridle with the kite on the ground, however the angle of attack is not adjustable whilst the kite is airborne. A high angle of attack setting results in more power from the kite, but at the expense of speed and ability to fly close to the wind. A low angle of attack results in less power, but speed is increased and the kite can fly a lot closer to the edge of the wind window.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fixed bridle kites may be used with handles or a bar, with handles typically being preferable for activities such as kite jumping and kite buggying, and a bar being preferable for kite landboarding. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Depowerable">Depowerable</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Power_kite&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Depowerable"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Depowerable kites are used with a control bar and harness system, with the kite's primary power lines attached to the user's harness through a hole in the centre of the bar. The bar has a few inches of travel along the lines, and the lines are configured such that the user may pull the bar towards themselves to increase the kite's angle of attack, increasing the lift and thus the power delivered through the harness whilst the kite is in flight. Kites used for kitesurfing are almost invariably depowerable, and some modern kites such as <a href="/wiki/Bow_kite" title="Bow kite">bow kites</a> allow power to be reduced by almost 100% for increased safety and versatility. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lei-bow-foil-kites.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Lei-bow-foil-kites.svg/220px-Lei-bow-foil-kites.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Lei-bow-foil-kites.svg/330px-Lei-bow-foil-kites.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Lei-bow-foil-kites.svg/440px-Lei-bow-foil-kites.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="561" data-file-height="555" /></a><figcaption>Illustration of <a href="/wiki/Leading_edge_inflatable_kite" title="Leading edge inflatable kite">LEI</a> (R), <a href="/wiki/Bow_kite" title="Bow kite">bow</a> (L) and <a href="/wiki/Foil_kite" title="Foil kite">foil</a> (T) power kites</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Powerkite.ogv/220px--Powerkite.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="165" data-durationhint="45" data-mwtitle="Powerkite.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Powerkite.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/Powerkite.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="384" data-height="288" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ec/Powerkite.ogv/Powerkite.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="384" data-height="288" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ec/Powerkite.ogv/Powerkite.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /></video></span><figcaption>Power kite video</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Safety">Safety</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Power_kite&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Safety"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kite safety systems have become more prevalent in recent years, and today almost all 4 and 5 line kites are used with a safety system designed to remove power from the kite in the event that the user becomes overpowered or loses control of the kite. When flying a fixed bridle kite, one or more straps known as 'kite killers' are attached to the user's wrist(s) by bungee cords. When the handles or bar are released, these straps pull on the kite's brake lines at the trailing edge of the kite, allowing the kite to flap in the wind with no structure. </p><p>Depowerable kites have safety systems that work in a similar way, but since the kite is semi-permanently attached to the user's harness, a toggle or handle is used to activate the safety system which releases the bar and power lines from the harness. </p><p>Some depowerable kites have a 5th line safety system, the 5th line being redundant during normal use until the safety mechanism is activated. Here, all of the usual four lines are slackened, causing the kite to either fold or roll backwards, and lose its profile to the wind and therefore its power. The kite is left attached to the user by the 5th line to allow retrieval. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Power_kite&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century">19th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Power_kite&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 19th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 1820s, <a href="/wiki/George_Pocock_(inventor)" title="George Pocock (inventor)">George Pocock</a> used kites of increased size to propel carts on land and ships on the water, using a four-line control system—the same system in common use today. Both carts and boats were able to turn and sail upwind. The kites could be flown for sustained periods.<sup id="cite_ref-Jelling_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jelling-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The intention was to establish kitepower as an alternative to horsepower, partly to avoid the hated "horse tax" that was levied at that time.<sup id="cite_ref-Lynn1_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lynn1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aviation pioneer <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Cody" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel Cody">Samuel Cody</a> developed several "<a href="/wiki/Man-lifting_kite" title="Man-lifting kite">man-lifting kites</a>" and in 1903 succeeded in crossing the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a> in a small collapsible canvas boat powered by a kite.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Power_kite&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US4708078_fig_10.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/US4708078_fig_10.png/220px-US4708078_fig_10.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/US4708078_fig_10.png/330px-US4708078_fig_10.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/US4708078_fig_10.png/440px-US4708078_fig_10.png 2x" data-file-width="1067" data-file-height="1073" /></a><figcaption>1984 patent of the Legaignoux brothers<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peter_Lynn_avec_un_Tri-D_-_Dieppe_-_dsdm04271.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Peter_Lynn_avec_un_Tri-D_-_Dieppe_-_dsdm04271.jpg/220px-Peter_Lynn_avec_un_Tri-D_-_Dieppe_-_dsdm04271.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Peter_Lynn_avec_un_Tri-D_-_Dieppe_-_dsdm04271.jpg/330px-Peter_Lynn_avec_un_Tri-D_-_Dieppe_-_dsdm04271.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Peter_Lynn_avec_un_Tri-D_-_Dieppe_-_dsdm04271.jpg/440px-Peter_Lynn_avec_un_Tri-D_-_Dieppe_-_dsdm04271.jpg 2x" data-file-width="854" data-file-height="638" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Peter_Lynn" title="Peter Lynn">Peter Lynn</a> lifting a kite in <a href="/wiki/Dieppe" title="Dieppe">Dieppe</a>, September 1988</figcaption></figure> <p>In the late 1970s, the development of <a href="/wiki/Kevlar" title="Kevlar">Kevlar</a> then <a href="/wiki/Dyneema" class="mw-redirect" title="Dyneema">Spectra</a> flying lines and more controllable kites with improved efficiency contributed to practical kite traction. In 1978, Ian Day's "FlexiFoil" kite-powered Tornado <a href="/wiki/Catamaran" title="Catamaran">catamaran</a> exceeded 40 km/h. </p><p>In October 1977 Gijsbertus Adrianus Panhuise (Netherlands) received the first patent<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for KiteSurfing. The patent covers, specifically, a water sport using a floating board of a surf board type where a pilot standing up on it is pulled by a wind catching device of a parachute type tied to his harness on a trapeze type belt. Although this patent did not result in any commercial interest, Gijsbertus Adrianus Panhuise could be considered as the originator of KiteSurfing. </p><p>On 28 August 1982 Greg Locke and Simon Carter, from <a href="/wiki/Brighton" title="Brighton">Brighton</a> UK, set the world record for kite traction at sea, travelling nearly 26 miles under wind power alone along the English channel.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This followed a successful crossing of the English Channel from Sussex to France by Locke & Carter the previous year. </p><p>Through the 1980s, there were occasionally successful attempts to combine kites with canoes, <a href="/wiki/Ice_skate" title="Ice skate">ice skates</a>, snow skis,<sup id="cite_ref-Harris1_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harris1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Water_ski" class="mw-redirect" title="Water ski">water skis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roller_skates" title="Roller skates">roller skates</a>. </p><p>Throughout the 1970s and early 1980s, Dieter Strasilla from <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> developed parachute-skiing and later perfected a kite-skiing system using self-made <a href="/wiki/Paraglider" class="mw-redirect" title="Paraglider">paragliders</a> and a ball-socket swivel allowing the pilot to sail upwind and uphill but also to take off into the air at will.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Strasilla and his Swiss friend Andrea Kuhn used this invention also in combination with surfboards and snowboards, grasskies and self-made buggies.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of his patents describes in 1979 the first use of an inflatable kite design for kitesurfing.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two brothers, Bruno Legaignoux and Dominique Legaignoux, from the Atlantic coast of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, developed kites for kitesurfing in the late 1970s and early 1980s and patented an inflatable kite design in November 1984, a design that has been used by companies to develop their own products. </p><p>In 1990, practical <a href="/wiki/Kite_buggy" title="Kite buggy">kite buggying</a> was pioneered by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Lynn" title="Peter Lynn">Peter Lynn</a> at Argyle Park in <a href="/wiki/Ashburton,_New_Zealand" title="Ashburton, New Zealand">Ashburton, New Zealand</a>. Lynn coupled a three-wheeled buggy with a forerunner of the modern <a href="/wiki/Parafoil" title="Parafoil">parafoil</a> kite. Kite buggying proved to be popular worldwide, with over 14,000 buggies sold up to 1999. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Power_kite&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kite_types" title="Kite types">Kite types</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kite_applications" title="Kite applications">Kite applications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kite_mooring" title="Kite mooring">Kite mooring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SkySails" title="SkySails">SkySails</a> - industrial-scale power kites for pulling ships</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Power_kite&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJha2008" class="citation news cs1">Jha, Alok (2008-08-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2008/aug/03/renewableenergy.energy">"Giant kites to tap power of the high wind"</a>. <i>The Observer</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Observer&rft.atitle=Giant+kites+to+tap+power+of+the+high+wind&rft.date=2008-08-03&rft.aulast=Jha&rft.aufirst=Alok&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fenvironment%2F2008%2Faug%2F03%2Frenewableenergy.energy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APower+kite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartinelli2006" class="citation web cs1">Martinelli, Nicole (2006-10-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2006/10/71908">"Generating Power From Kites"</a>. <i>Wired.com</i>. Condé Nast Digital<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-12-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wired.com&rft.atitle=Generating+Power+From+Kites&rft.date=2006-10-10&rft.aulast=Martinelli&rft.aufirst=Nicole&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2Fscience%2Fdiscoveries%2Fnews%2F2006%2F10%2F71908&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APower+kite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nextbigfuture.com/2008/08/competitors-for-kite-generated-wind.html">"Competitors for kite generated wind power"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Next_Big_Future&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Next Big Future (page does not exist)">Next Big Future</a>. 2008-08-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-12-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Competitors+for+kite+generated+wind+power&rft.pub=Next+Big+Future&rft.date=2008-08-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnextbigfuture.com%2F2008%2F08%2Fcompetitors-for-kite-generated-wind.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APower+kite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110520160323/http://www.kuleuven.be/optec/research/projects/kitepower">"Kite Power"</a>. Optimisation in Engineering Center (OPTEC) Katholieke Universiteit Leuven. 2010-01-19. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kuleuven.be/optec/research/projects/kitepower">the original</a> on 2011-05-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-01-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kite+Power&rft.pub=Optimisation+in+Engineering+Center+%28OPTEC%29+Katholieke+Universiteit+Leuven&rft.date=2010-01-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kuleuven.be%2Foptec%2Fresearch%2Fprojects%2Fkitepower&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APower+kite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJha2008" class="citation news cs1">Jha, Alok (2008-08-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2008/aug/03/renewableenergy.energy">"Giant kites to tap power of the high wind"</a>. <i>The Observer</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Observer&rft.atitle=Giant+kites+to+tap+power+of+the+high+wind&rft.date=2008-08-03&rft.aulast=Jha&rft.aufirst=Alok&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fenvironment%2F2008%2Faug%2F03%2Frenewableenergy.energy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APower+kite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thekitepower.com/">"Kitepower Airborne Wind Energy"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-06-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kitepower+Airborne+Wind+Energy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthekitepower.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APower+kite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://skysails-power.com/">"Wind Power: Unleashing its Full Potential"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-06-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wind+Power%3A+Unleashing+its+Full+Potential&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fskysails-power.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APower+kite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WSSRC-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WSSRC_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WSSRC_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sailspeedrecords.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=78&Itemid=18">"500 Metre Records"</a>. <i>WSSRC Records</i>. World Sailing Speed Records Committee<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-12-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WSSRC+Records&rft.atitle=500+Metre+Records&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sailspeedrecords.com%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D78%26Itemid%3D18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APower+kite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flexifoil.com/template/Manuals/Blade%20IV%20-%20Triple%20A%20bridle%20adjuster.pdf">"The Triple A Bridle Adjustment System"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Triple+A+Bridle+Adjustment+System&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.flexifoil.com%2Ftemplate%2FManuals%2FBlade%2520IV%2520-%2520Triple%2520A%2520bridle%2520adjuster.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APower+kite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jelling-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jelling_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jakob Jelling <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kitesurfingnow.com/kitesurfing-facts/history-of-kitesurfing.shtml">History of kitesurfing</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061129054908/http://www.kitesurfingnow.com/kitesurfing-facts/history-of-kitesurfing.shtml">Archived</a> 29 November 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Kitesurfingnow</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lynn1-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lynn1_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peter Lynn <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aquilandiafestival.com/inter2-surf1.htm">A brief history of kitesurfing</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060819073552/http://www.aquilandiafestival.com/inter2-surf1.htm">Archived</a> 19 August 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Aquilandia.com, 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.design-technology.org/military.htm">Samuel Franklin Cody and his man-lifting kite</a>, www.design-technology.org, 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><span class="citation patent" id="CITEREFBruno_T._Legaignoux,_Dominique_M._Legaignoux"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=US4708078">US 4708078</a>, Bruno T. Legaignoux, Dominique M. Legaignoux, "Propulsive wing with inflatable armature"</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Apatent&rft.number=4708078&rft.cc=US&rft.title=Propulsive+wing+with+inflatable+armature&rft.inventor=Bruno+T.+Legaignoux%2C+Dominique+M.+Legaignoux&rft.prioritydate=Nov 16, 1984"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/originalDocument?CC=NL&NR=7603691&KC=&FT=E">[1]</a>, Patent NL7603691 (A) ― 11 October 1977</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.kitelife.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Kite-Lines-v4-3.pdf">[2]</a>, Kitelines Vol 4, No. 3, p60</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harris1-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Harris1_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mark Harris <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://alpha2.bmc.uu.se/mark/kayak/kayak_kite.html">Sea kayaking and kites</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060703034411/http://alpha2.bmc.uu.se/mark/kayak/kayak_kite.html">Archived</a> 3 July 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, July 2002</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.skywing.de">"Dieter Strasilla"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dieter+Strasilla&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.skywing.de&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APower+kite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDieter_Strasilla1987" class="citation audio-visual cs1">Dieter Strasilla (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c2ZzPXzK6wg"><i>History of paragliding: Andrea with surfboard and skywing</i></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/c2ZzPXzK6wg">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-12-12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+paragliding%3A+Andrea+with+surfboard+and+skywing&rft.date=1987&rft.au=Dieter+Strasilla&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Dc2ZzPXzK6wg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APower+kite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Patent DE2933050</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Power_kite&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sites.google.com/site/iwkitebeatsall/">Current traction kites are aerodynamically far from optimal</a> A more efficient traction kite would beat all skate sails, at least in light wind.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kitesurf-varna.com/en.html">Kiteboarding Links - Guide</a> All about Kite Surfing.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.powerkiter.fr/content/6-fonctionnement-d-une-voile-de-traction">Powerkiter (France) </a>- How to use a powerkite (language : French)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output 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propulsion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sailboat" title="Sailboat">Sailboat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_ship" title="Sailing ship">Sailing ship</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Power kite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SkySails" title="SkySails">SkySails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceboat" title="Iceboat">Iceboat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_sailing" title="Land sailing">Land sailing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotor_ship" title="Rotor ship">Rotor ship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kite_applications" title="Kite applications">Kite applications</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kite" title="Kite">Kite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man-lifting_kite" 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kites" title="Template:Kites"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kites" title="Template talk:Kites"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kites" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kites"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kites_and_kite_flying" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kite" title="Kite">Kites</a> and kite flying</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kite_types" title="Kite types">Types</a> by use</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kite" title="Kite">Kite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fighter_kite" title="Fighter kite">Fighter kite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man-lifting_kite" title="Man-lifting kite">Human-lifting kite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoor_kite" title="Indoor kite">Indoor kite</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Power kite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_kite" title="Sport kite">Sport kite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paravane_(water_kite)" title="Paravane (water kite)">Water kite</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kite1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Kite icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Kite1.png/80px-Kite1.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Kite1.png/120px-Kite1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Kite1.png/160px-Kite1.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kite_types" title="Kite types">Types</a> by shape</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arc_kite" title="Arc kite">Arc kite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_kite" title="Bermuda kite">Bermuda kite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowed_kite" title="Bowed kite">Bowed kite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rokkaku_dako" title="Rokkaku dako">Rokkaku dako</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Box_kite" title="Box kite">Box kite</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chapi-chapi" title="Chapi-chapi">Chapi-chapi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foil_kite" title="Foil kite">Foil kite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inflatable_single-line_kite" title="Inflatable single-line kite">Inflatable single-line kite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kytoon" title="Kytoon">Kytoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leading_edge_inflatable_kite" title="Leading edge inflatable kite">Leading edge inflatable kite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bow_kite" title="Bow kite">Bow kite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malay_kite" title="Malay kite">Malay kite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotor_kite" title="Rotor kite">Rotor kite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogallo_wing" title="Rogallo wing">Rogallo wing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_sled" title="Scott sled">Scott sled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahedral_kite" title="Tetrahedral kite">Tetrahedral kite</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wau_bulan" title="Wau bulan">Wau bulan</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Activities and<br /> <a href="/wiki/Kite_applications" title="Kite applications">applications</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hang_gliding" title="Hang gliding">Hang gliding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kite_aerial_photography" title="Kite aerial photography">Kite aerial photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fighter_kite#Kite_fighting" title="Fighter kite">Kite fighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kite_fishing" title="Kite fishing">Kite fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kite_rig" title="Kite rig">Kite rigs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kite_landboarding" title="Kite landboarding">Kite landboarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snowkiting" title="Snowkiting">Snowkiting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kite_ice_skating" title="Kite ice skating">Kite ice skating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kite_rollerskating" title="Kite rollerskating">Kite rollerskating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiteboarding" title="Kiteboarding">Kiteboarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiteboating" title="Kiteboating">Kiteboating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kite_buggy" title="Kite buggy">Kite buggy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paragliding" title="Paragliding">Paragliding</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Powered_paragliding" title="Powered paragliding">Powered paragliding</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parasailing" title="Parasailing">Parasailing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kite_control_systems" title="Kite control systems">Kite control systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kite_line" title="Kite line">Kite line</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kite_mooring" title="Kite mooring">Kite mooring</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell" title="Alexander Graham Bell">Alexander Graham Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Barresi" title="John Barresi">John Barresi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Abner_Eddy" title="William Abner Eddy">William Abner Eddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Hargrave" title="Lawrence Hargrave">Lawrence Hargrave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Lynn" title="Peter Lynn">Peter Lynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Matisse" title="Jackie Matisse">Jackie Matisse</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sea_Tails" title="Sea Tails">Sea Tails</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Rogallo" title="Francis Rogallo">Francis Rogallo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrus_Wong" title="Tyrus Wong">Tyrus Wong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Kitefliers_Association" title="American Kitefliers Association">American Kitefliers Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballooning_(spider)" title="Ballooning (spider)">Ballooning (spider)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kite_(geometry)" title="Kite (geometry)">Kite (geometry)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kitelife" title="Kitelife">Kitelife</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kite_festivals" title="List of kite festivals">List of kite festivals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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