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<span>Curling sheet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Curling_sheet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Curling_stone" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Curling_stone"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Curling stone</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Curling_stone-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Curling_broom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Curling_broom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Curling broom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Curling_broom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shoes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shoes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Shoes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shoes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_equipment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_equipment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Other equipment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_equipment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gameplay" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gameplay"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Gameplay</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Gameplay-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Gameplay subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Gameplay-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Delivery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Delivery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Delivery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Delivery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sweeping" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sweeping"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Sweeping</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sweeping-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Burning_a_stone" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Burning_a_stone"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span><i>Burning</i> a stone</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Burning_a_stone-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types_of_shots" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types_of_shots"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Types of shots</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Types_of_shots-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Free_guard_zone" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Free_guard_zone"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Free guard zone</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Free_guard_zone-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hammer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hammer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Hammer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hammer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Strategy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Strategy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Strategy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Strategy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conceding_a_game" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conceding_a_game"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Conceding a game</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conceding_a_game-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dispute_resolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dispute_resolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>Dispute resolution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dispute_resolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scoring" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scoring"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Scoring</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scoring-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Good_sportsmanship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Good_sportsmanship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Good sportsmanship</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Good_sportsmanship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Accessibility" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accessibility"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Accessibility</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accessibility-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Terminology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terminology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Terminology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Terminology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Champions_and_major_championships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Champions_and_major_championships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Champions and major championships</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Champions_and_major_championships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_clubs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_clubs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notable clubs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_clubs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Curling</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 81 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-81" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">81 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%86%D8%BA" title="كرلنغ – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كرلنغ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curling" title="Curling – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Curling" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6rlinq" title="Körlinq – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Körlinq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curling" title="Curling – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Curling" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%91%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Кёрлинг – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Кёрлинг" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%91%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Кёрлінг – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кёрлінг" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Кэрлінг – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кэрлінг" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Кърлинг – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кърлинг" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karling" title="Karling – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Karling" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%BArling" title="Cúrling – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cúrling" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curling" title="Curling – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Curling" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cwrlo" title="Cwrlo – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cwrlo" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curling" title="Curling – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Curling" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curling" title="Curling – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Curling" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A4%C3%A4keegel" title="Jääkeegel – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jääkeegel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA" title="Κέρλινγκ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κέρλινγκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curling" title="Curling – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Curling" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glit%C5%9Dtonludo" title="Glitŝtonludo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Glitŝtonludo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curling" title="Curling – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Curling" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF" title="کرلینگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کرلینگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curling" title="Curling – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Curling" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurling" title="Kurling – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kurling" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croladh" title="Croladh – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Croladh" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curling" title="Curling – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Curling" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BB%AC%EB%A7%81" title="컬링 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="컬링" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B5%D5%B8%D5%BC%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A3" title="Կյոռլինգ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կյոռլինգ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curling" title="Curling – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Curling" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelincir_batu" title="Gelincir batu – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gelincir batu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curling" title="Curling – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Curling" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krulla" title="Krulla – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Krulla" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curling" title="Curling – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Curling" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92" title="קרלינג – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קרלינג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curling" title="Curling – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Curling" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%98" title="კერლინგი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კერლინგი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%91%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Кёрлинг – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кёрлинг" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%AArl%C3%AEng" title="Kêrlîng – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Kêrlîng" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%91%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Кёрлинг – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кёрлинг" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusus_Scotorum" title="Lusus Scotorum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lusus Scotorum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%93rlings" title="Kērlings – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kērlings" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akmenslydis" title="Akmenslydis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Akmenslydis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curling" title="Curling – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Curling" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Карлинг – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Карлинг" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="कर्लिंग – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कर्लिंग" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curling" title="Curling – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Curling" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%91%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Кёрлинг – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Кёрлинг" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curling" title="Curling – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Curling" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0" title="カーリング – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カーリング" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curling" title="Curling – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Curling" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curling" title="Curling – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Curling" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curling" title="Curling – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Curling" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curling" title="Curling – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Curling" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curling" title="Curling – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Curling" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curling" title="Curling – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Curling" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curling" title="Curling – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Curling" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curling" title="Curling – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Curling" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curlar" title="Curlar – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Curlar" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%91%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Кёрлинг – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кёрлинг" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%91%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D2%A5" title="Кёрлиҥ – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Кёрлиҥ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curlin" title="Curlin – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Curlin" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlingu" title="Karlingu – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Karlingu" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curling" title="Curling – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Curling" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%82" title="කර්ලිං – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කර්ලිං" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curling" title="Curling – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Curling" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curling" title="Curling – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Curling" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerling" title="Kerling – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kerling" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Карлинг – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Карлинг" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curling" title="Curling – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Curling" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curling" title="Curling – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Curling" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curling" title="Curling – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Curling" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81_(%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81)" title="சுருள்வு (விளையாட்டு) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சுருள்வு (விளையாட்டு)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87" title="เคอร์ลิง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เคอร์ลิง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D3%A3" title="Сангсуронӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Сангсуронӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6rling" title="Körling – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Körling" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Керлінг – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Керлінг" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%86%DA%AF" title="کرلنگ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کرلنگ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi_%C4%91%C3%A1_tr%C3%AAn_b%C4%83ng" title="Bi đá trên băng – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bi đá trên băng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%A3%B6" title="冰壶 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="冰壶" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%A3%BA" title="冰壺 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="冰壺" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korling" title="Korling – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Korling" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%A3%BA" title="冰壺 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="冰壺" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korling" title="Korling – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Korling" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q136851#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the sport. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Curling_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Curling (disambiguation)">Curling (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Hurling" title="Hurling">hurling</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn" style="padding-bottom:0.2em;">Curling</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brier_045.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Brier_045.jpg/300px-Brier_045.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Brier_045.jpg/450px-Brier_045.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Brier_045.jpg/600px-Brier_045.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Curling games taking place during the <a href="/wiki/2005_Tim_Hortons_Brier" title="2005 Tim Hortons Brier">2005 Tim Hortons Brier</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Highest <a href="/wiki/Sports_governing_body" title="Sports governing body">governing body</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/World_Curling_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="World Curling Federation">World Curling Federation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Nicknames</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Chess On Ice, The Roaring Game</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">First played</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Approximately <a href="/wiki/Late_Middle_Ages" title="Late Middle Ages">late medieval</a> <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Registered players</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">est. 1.5 million<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#eee;">Characteristics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Contact</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Contact_sport#Non-contact" title="Contact sport">No</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Team members</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">4 per team (2 in <a href="/wiki/Doubles_curling" title="Doubles curling">doubles</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Mixed-sex_sports" title="Mixed-sex sports">Mixed-sex</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Yes; see <a href="/wiki/Mixed_curling" class="mw-redirect" title="Mixed curling">mixed curling</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Precision and accuracy</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Equipment</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Curling brooms, stones (rocks), curling shoes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Venue</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Curling sheet</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Glossary</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_curling" title="Glossary of curling">Glossary of curling</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#eee;">Presence</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>First event in <a href="/wiki/Curling_at_the_1924_Winter_Olympics" title="Curling at the 1924 Winter Olympics">1924</a> (retroactively made official in 2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demonstration_sport" title="Demonstration sport">Demonstration sport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Curling_at_the_1932_Winter_Olympics" title="Curling at the 1932 Winter Olympics">1932</a>, <a href="/wiki/Curling_at_the_1988_Winter_Olympics" title="Curling at the 1988 Winter Olympics">1988</a> and <a href="/wiki/Curling_at_the_1992_Winter_Olympics" title="Curling at the 1992 Winter Olympics">1992</a></li> <li>Officially added in <a href="/wiki/Curling_at_the_1998_Winter_Olympics" title="Curling at the 1998 Winter Olympics">1998</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Paralympic_Games" title="Paralympic Games">Paralympic</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Wheelchair_curling" title="Wheelchair curling">Wheelchair curling</a> officially added in <a href="/wiki/Wheelchair_curling_at_the_2006_Winter_Paralympics" title="Wheelchair curling at the 2006 Winter Paralympics">2006</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Curling</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Sport" title="Sport">sport</a> in which players slide <a href="#Curling_stone">stones</a> on a sheet of ice toward a target area that is segmented into four <a href="/wiki/Concentric" class="mw-redirect" title="Concentric">concentric</a> circles. It is related to <a href="/wiki/Bowls" title="Bowls">bowls</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boules" title="Boules">boules</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Shuffleboard" title="Shuffleboard">shuffleboard</a>. Two teams, each with four players, take turns sliding heavy, polished <a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">granite</a> stones, also called <i>rocks</i>, across the ice <i>curling sheet</i> toward the <i>house</i>, a circular target marked on the ice.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each team has eight stones, with each player throwing two. The purpose is to accumulate the highest score for a <i>game</i>; points are scored for the stones resting closest to the centre of the house at the conclusion of each <i>end</i>, which is completed when both teams have thrown all of their stones once. A game usually consists of eight or ten ends.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Players induce a curved path, described as <i>curl</i>, by causing the stone to slowly rotate as it slides. The path of the rock may be further influenced by two sweepers with brooms or brushes, who accompany it as it slides down the sheet and sweep the ice in front of the stone. "Sweeping a rock" decreases the friction, which makes the stone travel a straighter path (with less curl) and a longer distance. A great deal of strategy and teamwork go into choosing the ideal path and placement of a stone for each situation, and the skills of the curlers determine the degree to which the stone will achieve the desired result. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curling&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pieter_Brueghel_de_Jonge_-_Winterlandschap_met_vogelval_(Brukenthal_Museum)_(curling_crop).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Pieter_Brueghel_de_Jonge_-_Winterlandschap_met_vogelval_%28Brukenthal_Museum%29_%28curling_crop%29.jpg/220px-Pieter_Brueghel_de_Jonge_-_Winterlandschap_met_vogelval_%28Brukenthal_Museum%29_%28curling_crop%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Pieter_Brueghel_de_Jonge_-_Winterlandschap_met_vogelval_%28Brukenthal_Museum%29_%28curling_crop%29.jpg/330px-Pieter_Brueghel_de_Jonge_-_Winterlandschap_met_vogelval_%28Brukenthal_Museum%29_%28curling_crop%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Pieter_Brueghel_de_Jonge_-_Winterlandschap_met_vogelval_%28Brukenthal_Museum%29_%28curling_crop%29.jpg/440px-Pieter_Brueghel_de_Jonge_-_Winterlandschap_met_vogelval_%28Brukenthal_Museum%29_%28curling_crop%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2558" data-file-height="1444" /></a><figcaption>Detail from a reproduction of <i>Winter Landscape with a Bird Trap</i> (Bruegel, 1565)</figcaption></figure> <p>Evidence that curling existed in <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> in the early 16th century includes a curling stone inscribed with the date 1511 found (along with another bearing the date 1551) when an old pond was drained at <a href="/wiki/Dunblane" title="Dunblane">Dunblane, Scotland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The world's oldest curling stone and the world's oldest football are now kept in the same museum (the <a href="/wiki/Stirling_Smith_Art_Gallery_and_Museum" title="Stirling Smith Art Gallery and Museum">Stirling Smith Art Gallery and Museum</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Stirling" title="Stirling">Stirling</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first written reference to a contest using stones on ice coming from the records of <a href="/wiki/Paisley_Abbey" title="Paisley Abbey">Paisley Abbey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Renfrewshire" title="Renfrewshire">Renfrewshire</a>, in February 1541.<sup id="cite_ref-Scottish_Curling_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scottish_Curling-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two paintings, "<a href="/wiki/Winter_Landscape_with_a_Bird_Trap" title="Winter Landscape with a Bird Trap">Winter Landscape with a Bird Trap</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/The_Hunters_in_the_Snow" title="The Hunters in the Snow">The Hunters in the Snow</a>" (both dated 1565) by <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Bruegel_the_Elder" title="Pieter Bruegel the Elder">Pieter Bruegel the Elder</a>, depict <a href="/wiki/Flanders" title="Flanders">Flemish</a> <a href="/wiki/Peasant" title="Peasant">peasants</a> curling, albeit without brooms; Scotland and the <a href="/wiki/Low_Countries" title="Low Countries">Low Countries</a> had strong trading and cultural links during this period, which is also evident in the <a href="/wiki/History_of_golf" title="History of golf">history of golf</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Curling_at_Eglinton_castle,_Ayrshire,_Scotland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Curling_at_Eglinton_castle%2C_Ayrshire%2C_Scotland.jpg/220px-Curling_at_Eglinton_castle%2C_Ayrshire%2C_Scotland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Curling_at_Eglinton_castle%2C_Ayrshire%2C_Scotland.jpg/330px-Curling_at_Eglinton_castle%2C_Ayrshire%2C_Scotland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Curling_at_Eglinton_castle%2C_Ayrshire%2C_Scotland.jpg/440px-Curling_at_Eglinton_castle%2C_Ayrshire%2C_Scotland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="1616" /></a><figcaption>A curling match at <a href="/wiki/Eglinton_Castle" title="Eglinton Castle">Eglinton Castle</a>, Ayrshire, Scotland in 1860. The <a href="/wiki/Curling_house" title="Curling house">curling house</a> is located to the left of the picture.</figcaption></figure> <p>The word <i>curling</i> first appears in print in 1620 in <a href="/wiki/Perth,_Scotland" title="Perth, Scotland">Perth, Scotland</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Preface" title="Preface">preface</a> and the verses of a poem by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Adamson" title="Henry Adamson">Henry Adamson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sport was (and still is, in Scotland and Scottish-settled regions like southern New Zealand) also known as "the roaring game" because of the sound the stones make while traveling over the <i>pebble</i> (droplets of water applied to the playing surface).<sup id="cite_ref-Olympics_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olympics-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The verbal noun <i>curling</i> is formed from the <a href="/wiki/Scots_language" title="Scots language">Scots</a> (and English) verb <i>curl</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which describes the motion of the stone. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Curling_on_a_lake_in_Dartmouth,_Nova_Scotia,_Canada,_ca._1897.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Curling_on_a_lake_in_Dartmouth%2C_Nova_Scotia%2C_Canada%2C_ca._1897.jpg/220px-Curling_on_a_lake_in_Dartmouth%2C_Nova_Scotia%2C_Canada%2C_ca._1897.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Curling_on_a_lake_in_Dartmouth%2C_Nova_Scotia%2C_Canada%2C_ca._1897.jpg/330px-Curling_on_a_lake_in_Dartmouth%2C_Nova_Scotia%2C_Canada%2C_ca._1897.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Curling_on_a_lake_in_Dartmouth%2C_Nova_Scotia%2C_Canada%2C_ca._1897.jpg/440px-Curling_on_a_lake_in_Dartmouth%2C_Nova_Scotia%2C_Canada%2C_ca._1897.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3035" data-file-height="1802" /></a><figcaption>Group of people curling on a lake in <a href="/wiki/Dartmouth,_Nova_Scotia" title="Dartmouth, Nova Scotia">Dartmouth, Nova Scotia</a>, Canada, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1897</span></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Kilsyth_Curling_Club" title="Kilsyth Curling Club">Kilsyth Curling Club</a> claims to be the first club in the world, having been formally constituted in 1716;<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it is still in existence today.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kilsyth also claims the oldest purpose-built curling pond in the world at <a href="/wiki/Colzium" title="Colzium">Colzium</a>, in the form of a low dam creating a shallow pool some 100 by 250 metres (330 by 820 ft) in size. The International Olympic Committee recognises the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Caledonian_Curling_Club" title="Royal Caledonian Curling Club">Royal Caledonian Curling Club</a> (founded as the Grand Caledonian Curling Club in 1838) as developing the first official rules for the sport.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, although not written as a "rule book", this is preceded by Rev James Ramsay of <a href="/wiki/Gladsmuir" title="Gladsmuir">Gladsmuir</a>, a member of the <a href="/wiki/Duddingston" title="Duddingston">Duddingston</a> Curling Club, who wrote <b>An Account of the Game of Curling</b> in 1811, which speculates on its origin and explains the method of play.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Men_curling_-_1909_-_Ontario_Canada.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Men_curling_-_1909_-_Ontario_Canada.jpg/220px-Men_curling_-_1909_-_Ontario_Canada.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Men_curling_-_1909_-_Ontario_Canada.jpg/330px-Men_curling_-_1909_-_Ontario_Canada.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Men_curling_-_1909_-_Ontario_Canada.jpg/440px-Men_curling_-_1909_-_Ontario_Canada.jpg 2x" data-file-width="796" data-file-height="555" /></a><figcaption>Men curling in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, in 1909</figcaption></figure> <p>In the early history of curling, the playing stones were simply flat-bottomed stones from rivers or fields, which lacked a handle and were of inconsistent size, shape, and smoothness.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some early stones had holes for a finger and the thumb, akin to ten-pin <a href="/wiki/Bowling_ball" title="Bowling ball">bowling balls</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike today, the thrower had little control over the 'curl' or velocity and relied more on luck than on precision, skill, and strategy. The sport was often played on frozen rivers although purpose-built ponds were later created in many Scottish towns.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, the Scottish poet <a href="/wiki/David_Gray_(poet)" title="David Gray (poet)">David Gray</a> describes whisky-drinking curlers on the <a href="/wiki/Luggie_Water" title="Luggie Water">Luggie Water</a> at <a href="/wiki/Kirkintilloch" title="Kirkintilloch">Kirkintilloch</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Curling_on_Lake_of_Menteith_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1756810.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Curling_on_Lake_of_Menteith_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1756810.jpg/220px-Curling_on_Lake_of_Menteith_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1756810.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Curling_on_Lake_of_Menteith_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1756810.jpg/330px-Curling_on_Lake_of_Menteith_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1756810.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Curling_on_Lake_of_Menteith_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1756810.jpg/440px-Curling_on_Lake_of_Menteith_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1756810.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Curling on <a href="/wiki/Lake_of_Menteith" title="Lake of Menteith">Lake of Menteith</a> from 2010. The last official <a href="/wiki/Grand_Match" title="Grand Match">Grand Match</a> was held here in 1979.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Darvel" title="Darvel">Darvel</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Ayrshire" title="East Ayrshire">East Ayrshire</a>, the weavers relaxed by playing curling matches using the heavy stone weights from the looms' <i>warp beams</i>, fitted with a detachable handle for the purpose.<sup id="cite_ref-McLeod8_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McLeod8-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Central Canadian curlers often used 'irons' rather than stones until the early 1900s; Canada is the only country known to have done so, while others experimented with wood or ice-filled tins.<sup id="cite_ref-x_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-x-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Outdoor curling was very popular in Scotland between the 16th and 19th centuries because the climate provided good ice conditions every winter. Scotland is home to the international governing body for curling, the <a href="/wiki/World_Curling_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="World Curling Federation">World Curling Federation</a> in <a href="/wiki/Perth,_Scotland" title="Perth, Scotland">Perth</a>, which originated as a committee of the Royal Caledonian Curling Club, the mother club of curling. </p><p>In the 19th century, several private railway stations in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> were built to serve curlers attending <a href="/wiki/Bonspiel" title="Bonspiel">bonspiels</a>, such as those at <a href="/wiki/Aboyne_Curling_Pond_railway_station" title="Aboyne Curling Pond railway station">Aboyne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carsbreck_railway_station" title="Carsbreck railway station">Carsbreck</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Drummuir_Curlers%27_Platform_railway_station" title="Drummuir Curlers' Platform railway station">Drummuir</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Curling_at_the_Huntsville_Curling_Club_(I0005717).tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Curling_at_the_Huntsville_Curling_Club_%28I0005717%29.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Curling_at_the_Huntsville_Curling_Club_%28I0005717%29.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Curling_at_the_Huntsville_Curling_Club_%28I0005717%29.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Curling_at_the_Huntsville_Curling_Club_%28I0005717%29.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Curling_at_the_Huntsville_Curling_Club_%28I0005717%29.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Curling_at_the_Huntsville_Curling_Club_%28I0005717%29.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2130" data-file-height="1706" /></a><figcaption>Curling at the Huntsville Curling Club, 1960</figcaption></figure> <p>Today, the sport is most firmly established in <a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Canada" title="Sports in Canada">Canada</a>, having been taken there by <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Canadian" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Canadian">Scottish emigrants</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Montreal_Curling_Club" title="Royal Montreal Curling Club">Royal Montreal Curling Club</a>, the oldest established sports club still active in <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was established in 1807. The first curling club in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> was established in 1830, and the sport was introduced to <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> before the end of the 19th century, also by Scots. Today, curling is played all over Europe and has spread to Brazil, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, China, and Korea.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first world championship for curling was limited to men and was known as the <i><a href="/wiki/Scotch_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="Scotch Cup">Scotch Cup</a></i>, held in <a href="/wiki/Falkirk" title="Falkirk">Falkirk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, in 1959. The first world title was won by the <a href="/wiki/Canadians" title="Canadians">Canadian</a> team from <a href="/wiki/Regina,_Saskatchewan" title="Regina, Saskatchewan">Regina, Saskatchewan</a>, skipped by <a href="/wiki/Ernie_Richardson_(curler)" title="Ernie Richardson (curler)">Ernie Richardson</a>. (The <i>skip</i> is the team member who calls the shots; see below.) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Olympics">Olympics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curling&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Olympics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Curling_at_the_Winter_Olympics" title="Curling at the Winter Olympics">Curling at the Winter Olympics</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:12-01-20-yog-674.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/12-01-20-yog-674.jpg/220px-12-01-20-yog-674.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/12-01-20-yog-674.jpg/330px-12-01-20-yog-674.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/12-01-20-yog-674.jpg/440px-12-01-20-yog-674.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Curling at the <a href="/wiki/Youth_Olympic_Games" title="Youth Olympic Games">Youth Olympic Games</a> 2012</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Curling_pictogram.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Curling_pictogram.svg/110px-Curling_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Curling_pictogram.svg/165px-Curling_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Curling_pictogram.svg/220px-Curling_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Curling pictogram</figcaption></figure> <p>Curling has been a medal sport in the <a href="/wiki/Winter_Olympic_Games" title="Winter Olympic Games">Winter Olympic Games</a> since the <a href="/wiki/1998_Winter_Olympics" title="1998 Winter Olympics">1998 Winter Olympics</a>. It currently includes men's, women's, and <a href="/wiki/Doubles_curling" title="Doubles curling">mixed doubles</a> tournaments (the mixed doubles event was held for the first time in <a href="/wiki/Curling_at_the_2018_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Mixed_doubles_tournament" title="Curling at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Mixed doubles tournament">2018</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2002, the <a href="/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee">International Olympic Committee</a> retroactively decided that the curling competition from the <a href="/wiki/1924_Winter_Olympics" title="1924 Winter Olympics">1924 Winter Olympics</a> (originally called <i>Semaine des Sports d'Hiver</i>, or International Winter Sports Week) would be considered official Olympic events and no longer be considered demonstration events. Thus, the <a href="/wiki/Curling_at_the_1924_Winter_Olympics#Medals" title="Curling at the 1924 Winter Olympics">first Olympic medals in curling</a>, which at the time was played outdoors, were retroactively awarded for the 1924 Winter Games, with the gold medal won by Great Britain, two silver medals by Sweden, and the bronze by France. A demonstration tournament was also held during the <a href="/wiki/1932_Winter_Olympic_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="1932 Winter Olympic Games">1932 Winter Olympic Games</a> between four teams from Canada and four from the United States, with Canada winning 12 games to 4.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the sport's official addition in the 1998 Olympics, Canada has dominated the sport with their men's teams winning gold in <a href="/wiki/Curling_at_the_2006_Winter_Olympics" title="Curling at the 2006 Winter Olympics">2006</a>, <a href="/wiki/Curling_at_the_2010_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_tournament" title="Curling at the 2010 Winter Olympics – Men's tournament">2010</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Curling_at_the_2014_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_tournament" title="Curling at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Men's tournament">2014</a>, and silver in <a href="/wiki/Curling_at_the_1998_Winter_Olympics" title="Curling at the 1998 Winter Olympics">1998</a> and <a href="/wiki/Curling_at_the_2002_Winter_Olympics" title="Curling at the 2002 Winter Olympics">2002</a>. The women's team won gold in 1998 and <a href="/wiki/Curling_at_the_2014_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_tournament" title="Curling at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Women's tournament">2014</a>, a silver in <a href="/wiki/Curling_at_the_2010_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_tournament" title="Curling at the 2010 Winter Olympics – Women's tournament">2010</a>, and a bronze in 2002 and 2006. The mixed doubles team won gold in <a href="/wiki/Curling_at_the_2018_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Mixed_doubles_tournament" title="Curling at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Mixed doubles tournament">2018</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Equipment">Equipment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curling&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Equipment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Curlingsheet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Curlingsheet.jpg/220px-Curlingsheet.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Curlingsheet.jpg/330px-Curlingsheet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Curlingsheet.jpg/440px-Curlingsheet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>The playing area in curling is shown here. Stones must land between the <i>hog line</i> (bottom of photo) and the <i>back line</i> (behind the rings) and may not contact boards or out lines (on the sides) at any time during travel.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Curling_sheet"><span class="anchor" id="Curling_sheet"></span>Curling sheet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curling&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Curling sheet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CurlingHouseAndBackline.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/CurlingHouseAndBackline.svg/220px-CurlingHouseAndBackline.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/CurlingHouseAndBackline.svg/330px-CurlingHouseAndBackline.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/CurlingHouseAndBackline.svg/440px-CurlingHouseAndBackline.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="200" /></a><figcaption>Detail of the curling sheet. The 12-foot circle covers the backline.</figcaption></figure> <p>The playing surface or <i>curling sheet</i> is defined by the <a href="/wiki/World_Curling_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="World Curling Federation">World Curling Federation</a> Rules of Curling.<sup id="cite_ref-Rules_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rules-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a rectangular area of ice, carefully prepared to be as flat and level as possible, 146 to 150 feet (45 to 46 m) in length by 14.5 to 16.5 feet (4.4 to 5.0 m) in width. The shorter borders of the sheet are called the backboards. </p><p>A target, the <i>house</i>, is centred on the intersection of the <i>centre line</i>, drawn lengthwise down the centre of the sheet and the <i>tee line</i>, drawn 16 feet (4.9 m) from, and parallel to, the backboard. These lines divide the house into quarters. The house consists of a centre circle (the <i>button</i>) and three concentric rings, of diameters 4, 8, and 12 feet, formed by painting or laying a coloured <a href="/wiki/Vinyl_composition_tile" title="Vinyl composition tile">vinyl</a> sheet under the ice and are usually distinguished by colour. A stone must at least touch the outer ring in order to score (see <a href="#Scoring">Scoring</a> below); otherwise, the rings are merely a visual aid for aiming and judging which stone is closer to the button. Two <i>hog lines</i> are drawn 37 feet (11 m) from, and parallel to, the backboard. </p><p>The <i>hacks</i>, which give the thrower something to push against when making the throw, are fixed 12 feet (3.7 m) behind each button. On indoor rinks, there are usually two fixed hacks, rubber-lined holes, one on each side of the centre line, with the inside edge no more than 3 inches (76 mm) from the centre line and the front edge on the hack line. A single moveable hack may also be used. </p><p>The ice may be natural, but is usually frozen by a refrigeration plant pumping a <a href="/wiki/Brine" title="Brine">brine</a> solution through numerous pipes fixed lengthwise at the bottom of a shallow pan of water. Most curling clubs have an ice maker whose main job is to care for the ice. At the major curling championships, ice maintenance is extremely important. Large events, such as national/international championships, are typically held in an arena that presents a challenge to the ice maker, who must constantly monitor and adjust the ice and air temperatures as well as air humidity levels to ensure a consistent playing surface. It is common for each sheet of ice to have multiple sensors embedded in order to monitor surface temperature, as well as probes set up in the seating area (to monitor humidity) and in the compressor room (to monitor brine supply and return temperatures). The surface of the ice is maintained at a temperature of around 23 °F (−5 °C).<sup id="cite_ref-branch_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-branch-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A key part of the preparation of the playing surface is the spraying of water droplets onto the ice, which form <i>pebble</i> on freezing. The pebbled ice surface resembles an orange peel, and the stone moves on top of the pebbled ice.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pebble, along with the concave bottom of the stone, decreases the friction between the stone and the ice, allowing the stone to travel further.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the stone moves over the pebble, any rotation of the stone causes it to <i>curl</i>, or travel along a curved path. The amount of curl (commonly referred to as the <i>feet of curl</i>) can change during a game as the pebble wears; the ice maker must monitor this and be prepared to scrape and re-pebble the surface prior to each game.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:808px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Curlingsheet_flip.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="A curling sheet, with dimensions in feet (1' = 1 ft = 0.3 m). CL: Centreline • HOL: Hogline • TL: Teeline • BL: Backline • HA: Hackline with Hacks • FGZ: Free Guard Zone"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Curlingsheet_flip.svg/800px-Curlingsheet_flip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="800" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Curlingsheet_flip.svg/1200px-Curlingsheet_flip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Curlingsheet_flip.svg/1600px-Curlingsheet_flip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1830" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Curlingsheet_flip.svg" title="File:Curlingsheet flip.svg"> </a></div><div style="text-align:center;">A curling sheet, with dimensions in feet (1' = 1 ft = 0.3 m).<br /><b>CL:</b> Centreline •  <b>HOL:</b> Hogline •  <b>TL:</b> Teeline •  <b>BL:</b> Backline •  <b>HA:</b> Hackline with Hacks •  <b>FGZ:</b> Free Guard Zone</div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Curling_stone">Curling stone</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curling&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Curling stone"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The curling stone (also sometimes called a <i>rock</i> in North America) is made of <a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">granite</a> and is specified by the World Curling Federation, which requires a weight between 19.96 and 17.24 kilograms (44 and 38 lb), a maximum circumference of 914 millimetres (36 in), and a minimum height of <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>114 millimetres (<span class="frac">4<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> in).<sup id="cite_ref-Rules_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rules-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The only part of the stone in contact with the ice is the <i>running surface</i>, a narrow, flat annulus or ring, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">6.4 to 12.7 millimetres (<span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> to <span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> in) wide and about 130 millimetres (5 in) in diameter; the sides of the stone bulge convex down to the ring, with the inside of the ring hollowed concave to clear the ice. This concave bottom was first proposed by J. S. Russell of Toronto, Ontario, Canada sometime after 1870, and was subsequently adopted by Scottish stone manufacturer Andrew Kay.<sup id="cite_ref-x_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-x-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:342px;max-width:342px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:169px;max-width:169px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:125px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Curlingrock.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Curlingrock.jpg/167px-Curlingrock.jpg" decoding="async" width="167" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Curlingrock.jpg/251px-Curlingrock.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Curlingrock.jpg/334px-Curlingrock.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">The curling <i>stone</i> or <i>rock</i> is made of granite</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:169px;max-width:169px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:125px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Curlingstoneold.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Curlingstoneold.JPG/167px-Curlingstoneold.JPG" decoding="async" width="167" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Curlingstoneold.JPG/251px-Curlingstoneold.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Curlingstoneold.JPG/334px-Curlingstoneold.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">An old-style curling stone</div></div></div></div></div> <p>The granite for the stones comes from two sources: <a href="/wiki/Ailsa_Craig" title="Ailsa Craig">Ailsa Craig</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an island located in the <a href="/wiki/Firth_of_Clyde" title="Firth of Clyde">Firth of Clyde</a> off the <a href="/wiki/Ayrshire" title="Ayrshire">Ayrshire</a> coast of Scotland, and the <a href="/wiki/Trefor,_Gwynedd" title="Trefor, Gwynedd">Trefor</a> Granite Quarry, North of the <a href="/wiki/Ll%C5%B7n_Peninsula" title="Llŷn Peninsula">Llŷn Peninsula</a>, Gwynedd in <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>. These locations provide four variations in colour known as <i>Ailsa Craig Common Green</i>, <i>Ailsa Craig Blue Hone</i>, <i>Blue Trefor</i> and <i>Red Trefor</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Blue Hone</i> has very low water absorption, which prevents the action of repeatedly freezing water from eroding the stone.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Ailsa Craig Common Green</i> is a lesser quality granite than <i>Blue Hone</i>. In the past, most curling stones were made from <i>Blue Hone</i>, but the island is now a wildlife reserve, and the quarry is restricted by environmental conditions that exclude blasting. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kays_of_Scotland" title="Kays of Scotland">Kays of Scotland</a> has been making curling stones in Mauchline, Ayrshire, since 1851 and has the exclusive rights to the Ailsa Craig granite, granted by the <a href="/wiki/Marquess_of_Ailsa" title="Marquess of Ailsa">Marquess of Ailsa</a>, whose family has owned the island since 1560. According to the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Census_1881" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom Census 1881">1881 Census</a>, Andrew Kay employed 30 people in his curling stone factory in Mauchline.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The last harvest of Ailsa Craig granite by Kays took place in 2013, after a hiatus of 11 years; 2,000 tons were harvested, sufficient to fill anticipated orders through at least 2020. Kays have been involved in providing curling stones for the Winter Olympics since Chamonix in 1924 and has been the exclusive manufacturer of curling stones for the Olympics since the <a href="/wiki/Curling_at_the_2006_Winter_Olympics" title="Curling at the 2006 Winter Olympics">2006 Winter Olympics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Trefor</i> granite comes from the Yr Eifl or Trefor Granite Quarry in the village of Trefor on the north coast of the <a href="/wiki/Ll%C5%B7n_Peninsula" title="Llŷn Peninsula">Llŷn Peninsula</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gwynedd" title="Gwynedd">Gwynedd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> and has produced granite since 1850. <i>Trefor</i> granite comes in shades of pink, blue, and grey.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The quarry supplies curling stone granite exclusively to the Canada Curling Stone Company, which has been producing stones since 1992 and supplied the stones for the <a href="/wiki/2002_Winter_Olympics" title="2002 Winter Olympics">2002 Winter Olympics</a>. </p><p>A handle is attached by a bolt running vertically through a hole in the centre of the stone. The handle allows the stone to be gripped and rotated upon release; on properly prepared ice the rotation will bend (<i>curl</i>) the path of the stone in the direction in which the front edge of the stone is turning, especially as the stone slows. Handles are coloured to identify each team, two popular colours in major tournaments being red and yellow. In competition, an electronic handle known as the <a href="/wiki/Eye_on_the_Hog" title="Eye on the Hog">Eye on the Hog</a> may be fitted to detect hog line violations. This electronically detects whether the thrower's hand is in contact with the handle as it passes the hog line and indicates a violation by lights at the base of the handle (see <a href="#Delivery"><i>delivery</i></a> below). The <i>eye on the hog</i> eliminates human error and the need for hog line officials. It is mandatory in high-level national and international competition, but its cost, around <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>650 each, currently puts it beyond the reach of most curling clubs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Curling_broom">Curling broom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curling&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Curling broom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Curling" title="Special:EditPage/Curling">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2014</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Curling_broom.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Curling_broom.png/220px-Curling_broom.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Curling_broom.png/330px-Curling_broom.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/Curling_broom.png 2x" data-file-width="428" data-file-height="289" /></a><figcaption>Curling broom</figcaption></figure> <p>The <i>curling broom</i>, or <i>brush</i>, is used to sweep the ice surface in the path of the stone (see <i><a href="#Sweeping">sweeping</a></i>) and is also often used as a balancing aid during delivery of the stone. </p><p>Prior to the 1950s, most curling brooms were made of corn strands and were similar to household brooms of the day. In 1958, Fern Marchessault of <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a> inverted the corn straw in the centre of the broom. This style of corn broom was referred to as <i>the Blackjack</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-curling.ca_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-curling.ca-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Artificial brooms made from human-made fabrics rather than corn, such as the <i>Rink Rat</i>, also became common later during this time period. Prior to the late sixties, <i>Scottish</i> curling brushes were used primarily by some of the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_people" title="Scottish people">Scots</a>, as well as by recreational and elderly curlers, as a substitute for corn brooms, since the technique was easier to learn. In the late sixties, competitive curlers from <a href="/wiki/Calgary" title="Calgary">Calgary</a>, Alberta, such as John Mayer, Bruce Stewart, and, later, the world junior championship teams skipped by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Gowsell" title="Paul Gowsell">Paul Gowsell</a>, proved that the curling brush could be just as (or more) effective without all the blisters common to corn broom use.<sup id="cite_ref-curling.ca_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-curling.ca-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During that time period, there was much debate in competitive curling circles as to which sweeping device was more effective: brush or broom. Eventually, the brush won out with the majority of curlers making the switch to the less costly and more efficient brush. Today, brushes have replaced traditional corn brooms at every level of curling; it is rare now to see a curler using a corn broom on a regular basis. </p><p>Curling brushes may have fabric, hog hair, or horsehair heads. Modern curling brush handles are usually hollow tubes made of <a href="/wiki/Fiberglass" title="Fiberglass">fibreglass</a> or <a href="/wiki/Carbon_fiber" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon fiber">carbon fibre</a> instead of a solid length of wooden <a href="/wiki/Dowel" title="Dowel">dowel</a>. These hollow tube handles are lighter and stronger than wooden handles, allowing faster sweeping and more downward force to be applied to the broom head with reduced shaft flex. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Legal_brushhead_in_curling.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Legal_brushhead_in_curling.jpg/220px-Legal_brushhead_in_curling.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Legal_brushhead_in_curling.jpg/330px-Legal_brushhead_in_curling.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Legal_brushhead_in_curling.jpg/440px-Legal_brushhead_in_curling.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="3120" /></a><figcaption>Following the <i>broomgate controversy</i>, these mustard-yellow broom-heads are the only legal broom-heads certified by the <a href="/wiki/World_Curling_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="World Curling Federation">World Curling Federation</a> for competitive play.</figcaption></figure><p> In 2014, new "directional fabric" brooms were introduced, which could influence the path of a curling stone better than the existing brooms. Concerns arose that these brooms would alter the fundamentals of the sport by reducing the level of skill required and giving players an unfair advantage; at least thirty-four elite teams signed a statement pledging not to use them. This was dubbed the <i><a href="/wiki/Broomgate" title="Broomgate">broomgate controversy</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-icePad_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icePad-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new brooms were temporarily banned by the <a href="/wiki/World_Curling_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="World Curling Federation">World Curling Federation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Curling_Canada" title="Curling Canada">Curling Canada</a> for the 2015–2016 season.<sup id="cite_ref-MyUser_Ctvnews.ca_January_7_2016c_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MyUser_Ctvnews.ca_January_7_2016c-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2016, only one standardized brush head is approved by the World Curling Federation for competitive play.<sup id="cite_ref-Brush_Head_Moratorium_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brush_Head_Moratorium-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shoes">Shoes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curling&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Shoes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Curling" title="Special:EditPage/Curling">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2014</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Curlingshoes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Curlingshoes.jpg/220px-Curlingshoes.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Curlingshoes.jpg/330px-Curlingshoes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Curlingshoes.jpg/440px-Curlingshoes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Curling shoes, showing a slider sole</figcaption></figure> <p>Curling shoes are similar to ordinary athletic shoes except for special soles; the <i>slider shoe</i> (usually known as a "slider") is designed for the sliding foot and the "gripper shoe" (usually known as a <i>gripper</i>) for the foot that kicks off from the hack. </p><p>The <i>slider</i> is designed to slide and typically has a <a href="/wiki/PTFE" class="mw-redirect" title="PTFE">Teflon</a> sole. It is worn by the thrower during delivery from the hack and by sweepers or the skip to glide down the ice when sweeping or otherwise traveling down the sheet quickly. Stainless steel and "red brick" sliders with lateral blocks of <a href="/wiki/PVC" class="mw-redirect" title="PVC">PVC</a> on the sole are also available as alternatives to Teflon. Most shoes have a full-sole sliding surface, but some shoes have a sliding surface covering only the outline of the shoe and other enhancements with the full-sole slider. Some shoes have small disc sliders covering the front and heel portions or only the front portion of the foot, which allow more flexibility in the sliding foot for curlers playing with tuck deliveries.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When a player is not throwing, the player's slider shoe can be temporarily rendered non-slippery by using a slip-on gripper. Ordinary athletic shoes may be converted to sliders by using a step-on or slip-on Teflon slider or by applying <a href="/wiki/Electrical_tape" title="Electrical tape">electrical</a> or <a href="/wiki/Gaffer_tape" title="Gaffer tape">gaffer tape</a> directly to the sole or over a piece of cardboard. This arrangement often suits casual or beginning players. </p><p>The <i>gripper</i> is worn by the thrower on the foot that kicks off from the hack during delivery and is designed to grip the ice. It may have a normal athletic shoe sole or a special layer of rubbery material applied to the sole of a thickness to match the sliding shoe. The toe of the hack foot shoe may also have a rubberised coating on the top surface or a flap that hangs over the toe to reduce wear on the top of the shoe as it drags on the ice behind the thrower. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_equipment">Other equipment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curling&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Other equipment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Other types of equipment include: </p> <ul><li>Curling pants, made to be stretchy to accommodate the curling delivery.</li> <li>A stopwatch to time the stones over a fixed distance to calculate their speed. Stopwatches can be attached either to clothing or the broom.</li> <li>Curling gloves and mittens, to keep the hands warm and improve grip on the broom.<div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gameplay">Gameplay</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curling&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Gameplay"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Curling_Canada_Torino_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Curling_Canada_Torino_2006.jpg/220px-Curling_Canada_Torino_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Curling_Canada_Torino_2006.jpg/330px-Curling_Canada_Torino_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Curling_Canada_Torino_2006.jpg/440px-Curling_Canada_Torino_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>At the <a href="/wiki/2006_Winter_Olympics" title="2006 Winter Olympics">2006 Winter Olympics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Nichols_(curler)" title="Mark Nichols (curler)">Mark Nichols</a> from Team Canada delivers a stone while his teammates look on, ready to begin sweeping. The curler uses his broom to help keep his balance during delivery.</figcaption></figure> <p>The purpose of a game is to score points by getting stones closer to the house centre, or the "button", than the other team's stones.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Players from either team alternate in taking shots from the far side of the sheet. An end is complete when all eight rocks from each team have been delivered, a total of sixteen stones. If the teams are tied at the end of regulation, often extra ends are played to break the tie. The winner is the team with the highest score after all ends have been completed (see <a href="#Scoring">Scoring</a> below). A game may be conceded if winning the game is infeasible. </p><p>International competitive games are generally ten ends, so most of the national championships that send a representative to the World Championships or Olympics also play ten ends. However, there is a movement on the <a href="/wiki/World_Curling_Tour" title="World Curling Tour">World Curling Tour</a> to make the games only eight ends.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most tournaments on that tour are eight ends, as are the vast majority of recreational games. </p><p>In international competition, each side is given 73 minutes to complete all of its throws. Each team is also allowed two minute-long timeouts per 10-end game. If extra ends are required, each team is allowed 10 minutes of playing time to complete its throws and one added 60-second timeout for each extra end. However, the "thinking time" system, in which the delivering team's game timer stops as soon as the shooter's rock crosses the t-line during the delivery, is becoming more popular, especially in Canada. This system allows each team 38 minutes per 10 ends, or 30 minutes per 8 ends, to make strategic and tactical decisions, with 4 minutes and 30 seconds an end for extra ends.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The "thinking time" system was implemented after it was recognized that using shots which take more time for the stones to come to rest was being penalized in terms of the time the teams had available compared to teams which primarily use hits which require far less time per shot. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Delivery">Delivery</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curling&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Delivery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Curling" title="Special:EditPage/Curling">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The process of sliding a stone down the sheet is known as the <i>delivery</i> or <i>throw</i>. Players, with the exception of the skip, take turns throwing and sweeping; when one player (e.g., the <a href="/wiki/Lead_(curling)" title="Lead (curling)">lead</a>) throws, the players not delivering (the <a href="/wiki/Second_(curling)" title="Second (curling)">second</a> and <a href="/wiki/Third_(curling)" title="Third (curling)">third</a>) sweep (see <a href="#Sweeping">Sweeping</a>, below). When the skip throws, the vice-skip takes their role. </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Skip_(curling)" title="Skip (curling)">skip</a></i>, or the captain of the team, determines the desired stone placement and the required <i>weight</i>, <i>turn</i>, and <i>line</i> that will allow the stone to stop there. The placement will be influenced by the tactics at this point in the game, which may involve taking out, blocking, or tapping another stone. </p> <ul><li>The <i>weight</i> of the stone is its velocity, which depends on the leg drive of the delivery rather than the arm.</li> <li>The <i>turn</i> or <i>curl</i> is the rotation of the stone, which gives it a curved trajectory.</li> <li>The <i>line</i> is the direction of the throw ignoring the effect of the <i>turn</i>.</li></ul> <p>The skip may communicate the <i>weight</i>, <i>turn</i>, <i>line,</i> and other tactics by calling or tapping a broom on the ice. In the case of a takeout, guard, or a tap, the skip will indicate the stones involved. </p><p>Before delivery, the running surface of the stone is wiped clean and the path across the ice swept with the broom if necessary, since any dirt on the bottom of a stone or in its path can alter the trajectory and ruin the shot. Intrusion by a foreign object is called a <i>pick-up</i> or <i>pick</i>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hack.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Hack.jpg/220px-Hack.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Hack.jpg/330px-Hack.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Hack.jpg/440px-Hack.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Players must push out of the <i>hack</i> to deliver their stones. 95% of hacks in use around the world are Marco Hacks, which were invented in the 1980s by <a href="/wiki/Marco_Ferraro" title="Marco Ferraro">Marco Ferraro</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Outdoor_curling_on_Stormont_Loch_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1655114.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Outdoor_curling_on_Stormont_Loch_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1655114.jpg/220px-Outdoor_curling_on_Stormont_Loch_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1655114.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Outdoor_curling_on_Stormont_Loch_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1655114.jpg/330px-Outdoor_curling_on_Stormont_Loch_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1655114.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Outdoor_curling_on_Stormont_Loch_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1655114.jpg/440px-Outdoor_curling_on_Stormont_Loch_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1655114.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="479" /></a><figcaption>Outdoor curling on Stormont Loch.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The stone is delivered from an iron crampit<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> rather than the hack used indoors</figcaption></figure> <p>The thrower starts from the <i>hack</i>. The thrower's <i>gripper</i> shoe (with the non-slippery sole) is positioned against one of the hacks; for a right-handed curler the right foot is placed against the left hack and vice versa for a left-hander. The thrower, now <i>in the hack</i>, lines the body up with shoulders square to the skip's broom at the far end for <i>line</i>. </p><p>The stone is placed in front of the foot now in the hack. Rising slightly from the hack, the thrower pulls the stone back (some older curlers may actually raise the stone in this backward movement) then lunges smoothly out from the hack pushing the stone ahead while the slider foot is moved in front of the gripper foot, which trails behind. The thrust from this lunge determines the <i>weight</i>, and hence the distance the stone will travel. Balance may be assisted by a broom held in the free hand with the back of the broom down so that it slides. One older writer suggests the player keep "a basilisk glance" at the mark.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are two common types of delivery currently, the typical flat-foot delivery and the <a href="/wiki/Manitoba_tuck" title="Manitoba tuck">Manitoba tuck</a> delivery where the curler slides on the front ball of their foot.<sup id="cite_ref-tuckers_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tuckers-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the player releases the stone, a rotation (called the <i>turn)</i> is imparted by a slight clockwise or counter-clockwise twist of the handle from around the two or ten o'clock position to the twelve o'clock on release. A typical rate of turn is about <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">2<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> rotations before coming to a rest. </p><p>The stone must be released before its front edge crosses the near hog line. In major tournaments, the "<a href="/wiki/Eye_on_the_Hog" title="Eye on the Hog">Eye on the Hog</a>" sensor is commonly used to enforce this rule. The sensor is in the handle of the stone and will indicate whether the stone was released before the near hog line. The lights on the stone handle will either light up green, indicating that the stone has been legally thrown, or red, in which case the illegally thrown stone will be immediately pulled from play instead of waiting for the stone to come to rest. </p><p>The stone must clear the far hog line or else be removed from play (<i>hogged</i>); an exception is made if a stone fails to come to rest beyond the far hog line after rebounding from a stone in play just past the hog line. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sweeping">Sweeping</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curling&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Sweeping"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Curling" title="Special:EditPage/Curling">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2014</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Olympic_Curling,_Vancouver_2010_crop_sweeping.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Olympic_Curling%2C_Vancouver_2010_crop_sweeping.jpg/220px-Olympic_Curling%2C_Vancouver_2010_crop_sweeping.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Olympic_Curling%2C_Vancouver_2010_crop_sweeping.jpg/330px-Olympic_Curling%2C_Vancouver_2010_crop_sweeping.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Olympic_Curling%2C_Vancouver_2010_crop_sweeping.jpg/440px-Olympic_Curling%2C_Vancouver_2010_crop_sweeping.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1622" data-file-height="1216" /></a><figcaption>The skip of Team Sweden joins the front end in sweeping a stone into the house at the <a href="/wiki/2010_Winter_Olympics" title="2010 Winter Olympics">2010 Winter Olympics</a> in Vancouver</figcaption></figure> <p>After the stone is delivered, its trajectory is influenced by the two sweepers under instruction from the skip. Sweeping is done for several reasons: to make the stone travel further, to decrease the amount of curl, and to clean debris from the stone's path.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sweeping is able to make the stone travel further and straighter by slightly melting the ice under the brooms, thus decreasing the friction as the stone travels across that part of the ice. The stones curl more as they slow down, so sweeping early in travel tends to increase distance as well as straighten the path, and sweeping after sideways motion is established can increase the sideways distance. </p><p>One of the basic technical aspects of curling is knowing when to sweep. When the ice in front of the stone is swept, a stone will usually travel both further and straighter, and in some situations one of those is not desirable. For example, a stone may be traveling too fast (said to have too much weight), but require sweeping to prevent curling into another stone. The team must decide which is better: getting by the other stone, but traveling too far, or hitting the stone. </p><p>Much of the yelling that goes on during a curling game is the skip and sweepers exchanging information about the stone's <i>line</i> and <i>weight</i> and deciding whether to sweep. The skip evaluates the path of the stone and calls to the sweepers to sweep as necessary to maintain the intended track. The sweepers themselves are responsible for judging the weight of the stone, ensuring that the length of travel is correct and communicating the weight of the stone back to the skip. Many teams use a <i><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_curling##s" title="Glossary of curling">number system</a></i> to communicate in which of 10 zones the sweepers estimate the stone will stop. Some sweepers use stopwatches to time the stone from the back line or tee line to the nearest hog line to aid in estimating how far the stone will travel. </p><p>Usually, the two sweepers will be on opposite sides of the stone's path, although depending on which side the sweepers' strengths lie this may not always be the case. Speed and pressure are vital to sweeping. In gripping the broom, one hand should be one third of the way from the top (non-brush end) of the handle while the other hand should be one third of the way from the head of the broom. The angle of the broom to the ice should be such that the most force possible can be exerted on the ice.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The precise amount of pressure may vary from relatively light brushing ("just cleaning" - to ensure debris will not alter the stone's path) to maximum-pressure scrubbing. </p><p>Sweeping is allowed anywhere on the ice up to the <i>tee line</i>; once the leading edge of a stone crosses the tee line only one player may sweep it. Additionally, if a stone is behind the tee line one player from the opposing team is allowed to sweep it. This is the only case that a stone may be swept by an opposing team member. In international rules, this player must be the skip, but if the skip is throwing, then the sweeping player must be the third. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Burning_a_stone"><i>Burning</i> a stone</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curling&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Burning a stone"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Occasionally, players may accidentally touch a stone with their broom or a body part. This is often referred to as <i>burning</i> a stone. Players touching a stone in such a manner are expected to call their own infraction as a matter of <a href="#Good_sportsmanship">good sportsmanship</a>. Touching a stationary stone when no stones are in motion (there is no delivery in progress) is not an infraction as long as the stone is struck in such a manner that its position is not altered, and this is a common way for the skip to indicate a stone that is to be taken out. </p><p>When a stone is touched when stones are in play, the remedies vary<sup id="cite_ref-Rules_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rules-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> between leaving the stones as they end up after the touch, replacing the stones as they would have been if no stone were touched, or removal of the touched stone from play. In non-officiated league play, the skip of the non-offending team has the final say on where the stones are placed after the infraction. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Types_of_shots">Types of shots</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curling&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Types of shots"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CurlingLastStone.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/CurlingLastStone.svg/220px-CurlingLastStone.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/CurlingLastStone.svg/330px-CurlingLastStone.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/CurlingLastStone.svg/440px-CurlingLastStone.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="440" data-file-height="440" /></a><figcaption>Two ways to get the button with the last stone: a draw on the left (outturn for right-handed delivery), and a hit and roll on the right</figcaption></figure> <p>Many different types of shots are used to carefully place stones for strategic or tactical reasons; they fall into three fundamental categories as follows: </p><p><i><b>Guards</b></i> are thrown in front of the house in the <i>free guard zone</i>, usually to protect a stone or to make the opposing team's shot difficult. Guard shots include the <i>centre-guard</i>, on the centreline, and the <i>corner-guards</i> to the left or right sides of the centre line. See <i>Free Guard Zone</i> below. </p><p><i><b>Draws</b></i> are thrown only to reach the house. Draw shots include <i><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_curling#Raise" title="Glossary of curling">raise</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_curling#Come-around" title="Glossary of curling">come-around</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_curling#Freeze" title="Glossary of curling">freeze</a></i> shots. </p><p><i><b>Takeouts</b></i> are intended to remove stones from play and include the <i><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_curling#Peel" title="Glossary of curling">peel</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_curling#Hit_and_roll" title="Glossary of curling">hit-and-roll</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_curling#Double" title="Glossary of curling">double</a></i> shots. </p><p>For a more complete listing, see <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_curling_terms" class="mw-redirect" title="Glossary of curling terms">Glossary of curling terms</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Free_guard_zone">Free guard zone</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curling&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Free guard zone"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Curling" title="Special:EditPage/Curling">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <i>free guard zone</i> is the area of the curling sheet between the hog line and tee line, excluding the house. Until five stones have been played (three from the side without hammer and two from the side with hammer), stones in the free guard zone may not be removed by an opponent's stone, although they can be moved within the playing area. If a stone in the free guard zone is knocked out of play, it is placed back in the position it was in before the shot was thrown and the opponent's stone is removed from play. This rule is known as the <i>five-rock rule</i> or the <i>free guard zone rule</i> (previous versions of the free guard zone rule only limited removing guards from play in the first three or four rocks).<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This rule, a relatively recent addition to curling, was added in response to a strategy by teams of gaining a lead in the game and then <i>peeling</i> all of the opponents' stones (knocking them out of play at an angle that caused the shooter's stone to also roll out of play, leaving no stones on the ice). By knocking all stones out the opponents could at best score one point, if they had the last stone of the end (called the <a href="/wiki/Hammer_(curling)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hammer (curling)">hammer</a>). If the team peeling the rocks had the hammer they could peel rock after rock which would <i>blank the end</i> (leave the end scoreless), keeping the last rock advantage for another end. This strategy had developed (mostly in Canada) as ice-makers had become skilled at creating a predictable ice surface and newer brushes allowed greater control over the rock. While a sound strategy, this made for an unexciting game. Observers at the time noted that if two teams equally skilled in the peel game faced each other on good ice, the outcome of the game would be predictable from who won the coin flip to have last rock (or had earned it in the schedule) at the beginning of the game. The 1990 <a href="/wiki/Tim_Hortons_Brier" class="mw-redirect" title="Tim Hortons Brier">Brier</a> (Canadian men's championship) was considered by many curling fans as boring to watch because of the amount of peeling and the quick adoption of the free guard zone rule the following year reflected how disliked this aspect of the game had become. </p><p>The free guard zone rule was originally called the Modified Moncton Rule and was developed from a suggestion made by <a href="/wiki/Russ_Howard" title="Russ Howard">Russ Howard</a> for the Moncton 100 cashspiel in <a href="/wiki/Moncton" title="Moncton">Moncton</a>, New Brunswick, in January 1990. "Howard's Rule" (later known as the Moncton Rule), used for the tournament and based on a practice drill his team used, had the first four rocks in play unable to be removed no matter where they were at any time during the end. This method of play was altered by restricting the area in which a stone was protected to the free guard zone only for the first four rocks thrown and adopted as a four-rock free guard zone rule for international competition shortly after. Canada kept to the traditional rules until a three-rock free guard zone rule was adopted for the 1993–94 season. After several years of having the three-rock rule used for the Canadian championships and the winners then having to adjust to the four-rock rule in the World Championships, the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Curling_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Curling Association">Canadian Curling Association</a> adopted the four-rock free guard zone in the 2002–03 season. </p><p>One strategy that has been developed by curlers in response to the free guard zone (<a href="/wiki/Kevin_Martin_(curler)" title="Kevin Martin (curler)">Kevin Martin</a> from Alberta is one of the best examples) is the "tick" game, where a shot is made attempting to knock (tick) the guard to the side, far enough that it is difficult or impossible to use, but still remaining in play while the shot itself goes out of play. The effect is functionally identical to peeling the guard, but significantly harder, as a shot that hits the guard too hard (knocking it out of play) results in it being replaced, while not hitting it hard enough can result in it still being tactically useful for the opposition. There is also a greater chance that the shot will miss the guard entirely because of the greater accuracy required to make the shot. Because of the difficulty of making this type of shot, only the best teams will normally attempt it, and it does not dominate the game the way the peel formerly did. <a href="/wiki/Steve_Gould_(curler)" title="Steve Gould (curler)">Steve Gould</a> from Manitoba popularized ticks played across the face of the guard stone. These are easier to make because they impart less speed on the object stone, therefore increasing the chance that it remains in play even if a bigger chunk of it is hit. </p><p>With the tick shot reducing the effectiveness of the four-rock rule, the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Slam_of_Curling" title="Grand Slam of Curling">Grand Slam of Curling</a> series of bonspiels adopted a five-rock rule in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017, the five-rock rule was adopted by the World Curling Federation and member organizations for official play, beginning in the 2018–19 season.<sup id="cite_ref-natpost20180203_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-natpost20180203-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-curlcan20180615_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-curlcan20180615-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hammer">Hammer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curling&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Hammer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The last rock in an end is called the <i>hammer</i>, and throwing the hammer gives a team a tactical advantage. Before the game, teams typically decide who gets the hammer in the first end either by chance (such as a coin toss), by a "draw-to-the-button" contest, where a representative of each team shoots to see who gets closer to the centre of the rings, or, particularly in tournament settings like the Winter Olympics, by a comparison of each team's win–loss record. In all subsequent ends, the team that did not score in the preceding end gets to throw second, thus having the hammer. In the event that neither team scores, called a <i>blanked end</i>, the hammer remains with the same team. Naturally, it is easier to score points with the hammer than without; the team with the hammer generally tries to score two or more points. If only one point is possible, the skip may try to avoid scoring at all in order to retain the hammer the next end, giving the team another chance to use the hammer advantage to try to score two points. Scoring without the hammer is commonly referred to as <i>stealing</i>, or <i>a steal</i>, and is much more difficult. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Strategy">Strategy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curling&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Strategy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Curlingdiagram.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Curlingdiagram.svg/170px-Curlingdiagram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Curlingdiagram.svg/255px-Curlingdiagram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Curlingdiagram.svg/340px-Curlingdiagram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="283" data-file-height="408" /></a><figcaption>Diagram of the play area in curling, showing the four-foot zone, corner guard, and centre line guard</figcaption></figure> <p>Curling is a game of strategy, tactics, and skill. The strategy depends on the team's skill, the opponent's skill, the conditions of the ice, the score of the game, how many ends remain and whether the team has last-stone advantage (the <i>hammer</i>). A team may play an end aggressively or defensively. Aggressive playing will put a lot of stones in play by throwing mostly draws; this makes for an exciting game and although risky the rewards can be great. Defensive playing will throw a lot of hits preventing a lot of stones in play; this tends to be less exciting and less risky. A good drawing team will usually opt to play aggressively, while a good hitting team will opt to play defensively. </p><p>If a team does not have the hammer in an end, it will opt to try to clog up the four-foot zone in the house to deny the opposing team access to the button. This can be done by throwing "centre line" guards in front of the house on the centre line, which can be tapped into the house later or drawn around. If a team has the hammer, they will try to keep this four-foot zone free so that they have access to the button area at all times. A team with the hammer may throw a <i>corner guard</i> as their first stone of an end placed in front of the house, but outside the four-foot zone to utilize the free guard zone. Corner guards are key for a team to score two points in an end, because they can either draw around it later or hit and roll behind it, making the opposing team's shot to remove it more difficult. </p><p>Ideally, the strategy in an end for a team with the hammer is to score two points or more. Scoring one point is often a wasted opportunity, as they will then lose last-stone advantage for the next end. If a team cannot score two points, they will often attempt to "blank an end" by removing any leftover opposition stones and rolling out; or, if there are no opposition stones, just throwing the stone through the house so that no team scores any points, and the team with the hammer can try again the next end to score two or more with it. Generally, a team without the hammer would want to either force the team with the hammer to only one point, so that they can get the hammer back, or "steal" the end by scoring one or more points of their own.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Large leads are often defended by displacing the opponent's stones to reduce their opportunity to score multiple points. However, a comfortably leading team that leaves their own stones in play becomes vulnerable as the opponent can draw around guard stones, stones in the house can be "tapped back" if they are in front of the tee line, or "frozen onto" if they are behind the tee line. A frozen stone is placed in front of and touching the opponent's stone and is difficult to remove. At this point, a team may opt for "peels"; throws with a lot of "weight" that can move opposition stones out of play.</p><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conceding_a_game">Conceding a game</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curling&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Conceding a game"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is common at any level for a losing team to terminate the match before all ends are completed if it believes it no longer has a realistic chance of winning. Competitive games end once the losing team has "run out of rocks"—that is, once it has fewer stones in play and available for play than the number of points needed to tie the game. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dispute_resolution">Dispute resolution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curling&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Dispute resolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Curling_metering.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Curling_metering.jpg/220px-Curling_metering.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Curling_metering.jpg/330px-Curling_metering.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Curling_metering.jpg/440px-Curling_metering.jpg 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="298" /></a><figcaption>Measuring which stone is closest to the centre of the house</figcaption></figure> <p>Most decisions about rules are left to the skips, although in official tournaments, decisions may be left to the officials. However, all scoring disputes are handled by the vice skip. No players other than the vice skip from each team should be in the house while score is being determined. In tournament play, the most frequent circumstance in which a decision has to be made by someone other than the vice skip is the failure of the vice skips to agree on which stone is closest to the button. An independent official (supervisor at Canadian and World championships) then measures the distances using a specially designed device that pivots at the centre of the button. When no independent officials are available, the vice skips measure the distances. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scoring">Scoring</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curling&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Scoring"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Curlingscore.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Curlingscore.jpg/220px-Curlingscore.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Curlingscore.jpg/330px-Curlingscore.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Curlingscore.jpg/440px-Curlingscore.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1918" data-file-height="1518" /></a><figcaption>A typical curling scoreboard used at clubs, which records scoring in a different manner from the ones used on television</figcaption></figure> <p>The winner is the team having the highest number of accumulated points at the completion of ten ends. Points are scored at the conclusion of each of these ends as follows: when each team has thrown its eight stones, the team with the stone closest to the button wins that end; the winning team is then awarded one point for each of its own stones lying closer to the button than the opponent's closest stone. </p><p>Only stones that are <i>in the house</i> are considered in the scoring. A stone is in the house if it lies within the 12-foot (3.7 m) zone or any portion of its edge lies over the edge of the ring. Since the bottom of the stone is rounded, a stone just barely in the house will not have any actual contact with the ring, which will pass under the rounded edge of the stone, but it still counts. This type of stone is known as a <i>biter</i>. </p><p>It may not be obvious to the eye which of the two rocks is closer to the button (centre) or if a rock is actually biting or not. There are specialized devices to make these determinations, but these cannot be brought out until after an end is completed. Therefore, a team may make strategic decisions during an end based on assumptions of rock position that turn out to be incorrect. </p><p>The score is marked on a <a href="/wiki/Scoreboard" title="Scoreboard">scoreboard</a>, of which there are two types; the baseball type and the club scoreboard. </p><p><b>The baseball-style scoreboard</b> was created for televised games for audiences not familiar with the club scoreboard. The <i>ends</i> are marked by columns 1 through to the regulation number of ends for the competition (usually with an extra column to account for the possibility of an extra end to break ties) plus an additional column for the total. Below this are two rows, one for each team, containing the team's score for that end and their total score in the right-hand column. </p><p><b>The club scoreboard</b> is traditional and used in most curling clubs. Scoring on this board only requires the use of (up to) 11 digit cards, whereas with baseball-type scoring an unknown number of multiples of the digits (especially low digits like <i>1</i> and especially <i>0</i>) may be needed. The numbered centre row represents various possible scores, and the numbers placed in the team rows represent the end in which that team achieved that cumulative score. If the red team scores three points in the first end (called a <i>three-ender</i>), then a 1 (indicating the first end) is placed beside the number 3 in the red row. If they score two more in the second end, then a 2 will be placed beside the 5 in the red row, indicating that the red team has five points in total <span class="nowrap">(3 + 2).</span> This scoreboard works because only one team can get points in an end. However, some confusion may arise if neither team scores points in an end, this is called a <i>blank end</i>. The blank end numbers are usually listed in the furthest column on the right in the row of the team that has the <i>hammer</i> (last rock advantage), or on a special spot for blank ends. </p><p>The following example illustrates the difference between the two types. The example illustrates the men's final at the <a href="/wiki/Curling_at_the_2006_Winter_Olympics" title="Curling at the 2006 Winter Olympics">2006 Winter Olympics</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <caption>Baseball-style scoreboard </caption> <tbody><tr style="background:#ffc; font-weight:bold;"> <td>Team </td> <td style="width:12px;">1 </td> <td style="width:12px;">2 </td> <td style="width:12px;">3 </td> <td style="width:12px;">4 </td> <td style="width:12px;">5 </td> <td style="width:12px;">6 </td> <td style="width:12px;">7 </td> <td style="width:12px;">8 </td> <td style="width:12px;">9 </td> <td style="width:12px;">10 </td> <td style="width:12px;">Final </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fff;"> <td align="left" nowrap=""><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>X </td> <td>X </td> <td><b>10</b> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fff;"> <td align="left" nowrap=""><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> </td> <td>2 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>X </td> <td>X </td> <td><b>4</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <caption>Curling club-style scoreboard </caption> <tbody><tr style="background:#f00;"> <td align="left" nowrap=""><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>2 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>4 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>6 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#fff; font-weight:bold;"> <td>Points </td> <td style="width:12px;">1 </td> <td style="width:12px;">2 </td> <td style="width:12px;">3 </td> <td style="width:12px;">4 </td> <td style="width:12px;">5 </td> <td style="width:12px;">6 </td> <td style="width:12px;">7 </td> <td style="width:12px;">8 </td> <td style="width:12px;">9 </td> <td style="width:12px;">10 </td> <td style="width:12px;">11 </td> <td style="width:12px;">12 </td> <td style="width:12px;">13 </td> <td style="width:12px;">14 </td> <td style="width:12px;">15 </td> <td>Blank ends </td></tr> <tr style="background:#add8e6;"> <td align="left" nowrap=""><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>8 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>7 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Eight points – all the rocks thrown by one team counting – is the highest score possible in an end, and is known as an "<a href="/wiki/Eight-ender" title="Eight-ender">eight-ender</a>" or "snowman".<sup id="cite_ref-Peebles_2023_w828_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peebles_2023_w828-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-North_Shore_News_2016_m099_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-North_Shore_News_2016_m099-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scoring an eight-ender is very difficult;<sup id="cite_ref-CBC_2011_e402_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBC_2011_e402-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CBC_2015_u353_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBC_2015_u353-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in curling, it is the equivalent of pitching a <a href="/wiki/Perfect_game_(baseball)" title="Perfect game (baseball)">perfect game</a> in baseball.<sup id="cite_ref-Jala_2019_b963_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jala_2019_b963-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Probably the best-known snowman came at the 2006 <a href="/wiki/Players%27_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="Players' Championships">Players' Championships</a>. Future (2007) World Champion <a href="/wiki/Kelly_Scott" title="Kelly Scott">Kelly Scott</a> scored eight points in one of her games against 1998 World bronze medalist <a href="/wiki/Cathy_King" title="Cathy King">Cathy King</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curling&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Curlers_by_Sir_George_Harvey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/The_Curlers_by_Sir_George_Harvey.jpg/220px-The_Curlers_by_Sir_George_Harvey.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/The_Curlers_by_Sir_George_Harvey.jpg/330px-The_Curlers_by_Sir_George_Harvey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/The_Curlers_by_Sir_George_Harvey.jpg/440px-The_Curlers_by_Sir_George_Harvey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="641" /></a><figcaption><i>The Curlers</i> (1835) by Sir <a href="/wiki/George_Harvey_(painter)" title="George Harvey (painter)">George Harvey</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_George_Brown_-_Curling;--a_Scottish_Game,_at_Central_Park_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/John_George_Brown_-_Curling%3B--a_Scottish_Game%2C_at_Central_Park_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-John_George_Brown_-_Curling%3B--a_Scottish_Game%2C_at_Central_Park_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/John_George_Brown_-_Curling%3B--a_Scottish_Game%2C_at_Central_Park_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/330px-John_George_Brown_-_Curling%3B--a_Scottish_Game%2C_at_Central_Park_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/John_George_Brown_-_Curling%3B--a_Scottish_Game%2C_at_Central_Park_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/440px-John_George_Brown_-_Curling%3B--a_Scottish_Game%2C_at_Central_Park_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2401" data-file-height="1073" /></a><figcaption><i>Curling;—a Scottish Game, at <a href="/wiki/Central_Park" title="Central Park">Central Park</a></i> (1862) by <a href="/wiki/John_George_Brown" title="John George Brown">John George Brown</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_Martin_Hardie_-_Curling_at_Carsebreck_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Charles_Martin_Hardie_-_Curling_at_Carsebreck_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-Charles_Martin_Hardie_-_Curling_at_Carsebreck_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Charles_Martin_Hardie_-_Curling_at_Carsebreck_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/330px-Charles_Martin_Hardie_-_Curling_at_Carsebreck_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Charles_Martin_Hardie_-_Curling_at_Carsebreck_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/440px-Charles_Martin_Hardie_-_Curling_at_Carsebreck_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4001" data-file-height="2486" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Grand_Match" title="Grand Match">Curling at Carsebreck</a></i> (1899) by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Martin_Hardie" title="Charles Martin Hardie">Charles Martin Hardie</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Competition teams are normally named after the skip, for example, Team Martin after skip Kevin Martin. Amateur league players can (and do) creatively name their teams, but when in competition (a bonspiel) the official team will have a standard name. </p><p>Top curling championships are typically played by all-male or all-female teams. It is known as <a href="/wiki/Mixed_curling" class="mw-redirect" title="Mixed curling">mixed curling</a> when a team consists of two men and two women. For many years, in the absence of world championship or Olympic mixed curling events, national championships (of which the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Mixed_Curling_Championship" title="Canadian Mixed Curling Championship">Canadian Mixed Curling Championship</a> was the most prominent) were the highest-level mixed curling competitions. However, a <a href="/wiki/European_Mixed_Curling_Championship" title="European Mixed Curling Championship">European Mixed Curling Championship</a> was inaugurated in 2005, a <a href="/wiki/World_Mixed_Doubles_Curling_Championship" title="World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship">World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship</a> was established in 2008, and the European Mixed Championship was replaced with the <a href="/wiki/World_Mixed_Curling_Championship" title="World Mixed Curling Championship">World Mixed Curling Championship</a> in 2015. A <a href="/wiki/Curling_at_the_2018_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Mixed_doubles_tournament" title="Curling at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Mixed doubles tournament">mixed tournament</a> was held at the Olympic level for the first time in <a href="/wiki/2018_Winter_Olympics" title="2018 Winter Olympics">2018</a>, although it was a doubles tournament, not a four-person. </p><p>Curling tournaments may use the <a href="/wiki/Schenkel_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Schenkel system">Schenkel system</a> for determining the participants in matches. </p><p>Curling is played in many countries, including Canada, the United Kingdom (especially Scotland), the United States, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, Denmark, Finland, and Japan, all of which compete in the world championships. </p><p>Curling has been depicted by many artists including: <a href="/wiki/George_Harvey_(painter)" title="George Harvey (painter)">George Harvey</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> John Levack,<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Dutch School,<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Martin_Hardie" title="Charles Martin Hardie">Charles Martin Hardie</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> John Elliot Maguire,<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> John McGhie,<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/John_George_Brown" title="John George Brown">John George Brown</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Curling is particularly popular in Canada. Improvements in ice making and changes in the rules to increase scoring and promote complex strategy have increased the already high popularity of the sport in Canada, and large television audiences watch annual curling telecasts, especially the <a href="/wiki/Scotties_Tournament_of_Hearts" title="Scotties Tournament of Hearts">Scotties Tournament of Hearts</a> (the national championship for women), the <a href="/wiki/Montana%27s_Brier" class="mw-redirect" title="Montana's Brier">Montana's Brier</a> (the national championship for men), and the women's and men's world championships. </p><p>Despite the Canadian province of <a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a>'s small population (ranked 5th of 10 Canadian provinces), Manitoban teams have won the Brier more times than teams from any other province, except for Alberta. The Tournament of Hearts and the Brier are contested by <a href="/wiki/Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="Provinces and territories of Canada">provincial and territorial</a> champions, and the world championships by national champions. </p><p>Curling is the provincial sport of Saskatchewan. From there, <a href="/wiki/Ernie_Richardson_(curler)" title="Ernie Richardson (curler)">Ernie Richardson</a> and his family team dominated Canadian and international curling during the late 1950s and early 1960s and have been considered to be the best male curlers of all time.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sandra_Schmirler" title="Sandra Schmirler">Sandra Schmirler</a> led her team to the first-ever gold medal in women's curling in the <a href="/wiki/1998_Winter_Olympics" title="1998 Winter Olympics">1998 Winter Olympics</a>. When she died two years later from <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancer</a>, over 15,000 people attended her funeral, and it was broadcast on national television. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Good_sportsmanship">Good sportsmanship</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curling&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Good sportsmanship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>More so than in many other team sports, good sportsmanship, often referred to as the "Spirit of Curling", is an integral part of curling. The Spirit of Curling also leads teams to congratulate their opponents for making a good shot, strong sweeping, or spectacular form. Perhaps most importantly, the Spirit of Curling dictates that one never cheers mistakes, misses, or gaffes by one's opponent (unlike most team sports), and one should not celebrate one's own good shots during the game beyond modest acknowledgement of the shot such as a head nod, fist bump, or thumbs-up gesture. Modest congratulation, however, may be exchanged between winning team members after the match. On-the-ice celebration is usually reserved for the winners of a major tournament after winning the final game of the championship. It is completely unacceptable to attempt to throw opposing players off their game by way of negative comment, distraction, or heckling.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A match traditionally begins with players shaking hands with and saying "good curling" or "have a pleasant game" to each member of the opposing team. It is also traditional in some areas for the winning team to buy the losing team a drink after the game.<sup id="cite_ref-besthealth_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-besthealth-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even at the highest levels of play, players are expected to call their own fouls. </p><p>It is not uncommon for a team to concede a curling match after it believes it no longer has any hope of winning. Concession is an honourable act and does not carry the stigma associated with quitting. It also allows for more socializing. To concede a match, members of the losing team offer congratulatory handshakes to the winning team. Thanks, wishes of future good luck, and hugs are usually exchanged between the teams. To continue playing when a team has no realistic chance of winning can be seen as a breach of etiquette. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Accessibility">Accessibility</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curling&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Accessibility"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Wheelchair_curling" title="Wheelchair curling">Wheelchair curling</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WWHCC_2009_-_Team_China.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/WWHCC_2009_-_Team_China.jpg/220px-WWHCC_2009_-_Team_China.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/WWHCC_2009_-_Team_China.jpg/330px-WWHCC_2009_-_Team_China.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/WWHCC_2009_-_Team_China.jpg/440px-WWHCC_2009_-_Team_China.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Team China at World Wheelchair Curling Championship in February 2009</figcaption></figure> <p>Curling has been adapted for wheelchair users and people otherwise unable to throw the stone from the hack. These curlers may use a device known as a "delivery stick". The cue holds on to the handle of the stone and is then pushed along by the curler. At the end of delivery, the curler pulls back on the cue, which releases it from the stone.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Curling_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Curling Association">Canadian Curling Association</a> <i>Rules of Curling</i> allows the use of a delivery stick in club play, but does not permit it in championships. </p><p>The delivery stick was specifically invented for elderly curlers in Canada in 1999. In early 2016 an international initiative started to allow use of the delivery sticks by players over 60 years of age in World Curling Federation Senior Championships, as well as in any projected Masters (60+) Championship that develops in the future.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curling&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Terminology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For an extensive glossary of terminology, see <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_curling" title="Glossary of curling">Glossary of curling</a>.</div> <p>Terms used to describe the game include: </p><p>The ice in the game may be <i>fast (keen)</i> or <i>slow</i>. If the ice is keen, a rock will travel further with a given amount of weight (throwing force) on it. The speed of the ice is measured in seconds. One such measure, known as "hog-to-hog" time, is the speed of the stone and is the time in seconds the rock takes from the moment it crosses the near hog line until it crosses the far hog line. If this number is lower, the rock is moving faster, so again low numbers mean more speed. The ice in a match will be somewhat consistent and thus this measure of speed can also be used to measure how far down the ice the rock will travel. Once it is determined that a rock taking (for example) 13 seconds to go from hog line to hog line will stop on the tee line, the curler can know that if the hog-to-hog time is matched by a future stone, that stone will likely stop at approximately the same location. As an example, on keen ice, common times might be 16 seconds for guards, 14 seconds for draws, and 8 seconds for peel weight. </p><p><i>The back line to hog line speed</i> is used principally by sweepers to get an initial sense of the weight of a stone. As an example, on keen ice, common times might be 4.0 seconds for guards, 3.8 seconds for draws, 3.2 for normal hit weight, and 2.9 seconds for peel weight. Especially at the club level, this metric can be misleading, due to amateurs sometimes pushing stones on release, causing the stone to travel faster than the back-to-hog speed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Champions_and_major_championships">Champions and major championships</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curling&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Champions and major championships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 35em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Curling_at_the_Winter_Olympics" title="Curling at the Winter Olympics">Curling at the Winter Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Curling_Championships" title="World Curling Championships">World Curling Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Junior_Curling_Championships" title="World Junior Curling Championships">World Junior Curling Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Senior_Curling_Championships" title="World Senior Curling Championships">World Senior Curling Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Mixed_Doubles_Curling_Championship" title="World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship">World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Curling_Championships" title="European Curling Championships">European Curling Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Cup_of_Curling" class="mw-redirect" title="Continental Cup of Curling">Continental Cup of Curling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montana%27s_Brier" class="mw-redirect" title="Montana's Brier">Montana's Brier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotties_Tournament_of_Hearts" title="Scotties Tournament of Hearts">Scotties Tournament of Hearts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Men%27s_Curling_Championship" title="United States Men's Curling Championship">United States Men's Curling Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Women%27s_Curling_Championship" title="United States Women's Curling Championship">United States Women's Curling Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada_Cup_of_Curling" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada Cup of Curling">Canada Cup of Curling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Mixed_Curling_Championship" title="European Mixed Curling Championship">European Mixed Curling Championship</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_clubs">Notable clubs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curling&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Notable clubs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lists_of_curling_clubs" title="Lists of curling clubs">Lists of curling clubs</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:#aaa solid 1px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align: center;">Notable curling clubs</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bemidji_Curling_Club" title="Bemidji Curling Club">Bemidji Curling Club</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bemidji,_Minnesota" title="Bemidji, Minnesota">Bemidji, Minnesota</a>, Home of the 2006 United States Men's & Women's Olympic Curling Teams</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broomstones_Curling_Club" title="Broomstones Curling Club">Broomstones Curling Club</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wayland,_Massachusetts" title="Wayland, Massachusetts">Wayland, Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Curling_Club" title="Chicago Curling Club">Chicago Curling Club</a> – <a href="/wiki/Chicago,_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago, Illinois">Chicago, Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakota_Curling_Club" title="Dakota Curling Club">Dakota Curling Club</a> – Burnsville, Minnesota – a leading example of the development of new curling clubs on arena ice in the USA</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Curling_Club" title="Detroit Curling Club">Detroit Curling Club</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ferndale,_Michigan" title="Ferndale, Michigan">Ferndale, Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duluth_Curling_Club" title="Duluth Curling Club">Duluth Curling Club</a> – <a href="/wiki/Duluth,_Minnesota" title="Duluth, Minnesota">Duluth, Minnesota</a> – Home of the 2018 United States Men's Gold Medal Olympic Curling Team</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garrison_Golf_and_Curling_Club" title="Garrison Golf and Curling Club">Garrison Golf and Curling Club</a>, Kingston, Ontario</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_National_Curling_Club" title="Grand National Curling Club">Grand National Curling Club</a> – Organization in the United States covering clubs on the east coast</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granite_Curling_Club_(Winnipeg)" title="Granite Curling Club (Winnipeg)">Granite Curling Club</a> – <a href="/wiki/Winnipeg" title="Winnipeg">Winnipeg</a>, Manitoba</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granite_Curling_Club_(Seattle)" title="Granite Curling Club (Seattle)">Granite Curling Club</a> – <a href="/wiki/Seattle,_Washington" class="mw-redirect" title="Seattle, Washington">Seattle, Washington</a>, the only dedicated curling facility on the west coast of the United States</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_Melters_Curling_Club" title="Ice Melters Curling Club">Ice Melters Curling Club</a> – <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markinch_Curling_Club" title="Markinch Curling Club">Markinch Curling Club</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fife,_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Fife, Scotland">Fife, Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayflower_Curling_Club" title="Mayflower Curling Club">Mayflower Curling Club</a> – <a href="/wiki/Halifax_Regional_Municipality,_Nova_Scotia" class="mw-redirect" title="Halifax Regional Municipality, Nova Scotia">Halifax, Nova Scotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee_Curling_Club" title="Milwaukee Curling Club">Milwaukee Curling Club</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mequon,_Wisconsin" title="Mequon, Wisconsin">Mequon, Wisconsin</a> — The oldest curling club in the U.S. – Since 1845</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottawa_Curling_Club" title="Ottawa Curling Club">Ottawa Curling Club</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ottawa,_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottawa, Ontario">Ottawa, Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potomac_Curling_Club" title="Potomac Curling Club">Potomac Curling Club</a> – Laurel, <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a> – Near Washington, D.C.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Curling_Club" title="Pittsburgh Curling Club">Pittsburgh Curling Club</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a>, Pennsylvania – Established in 2002</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plainfield_Curling_Club" title="Plainfield Curling Club">Plainfield Curling Club</a> – <a href="/wiki/South_Plainfield,_New_Jersey" title="South Plainfield, New Jersey">South Plainfield, New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rideau_Curling_Club" title="Rideau Curling Club">Rideau Curling Club</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ottawa,_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottawa, Ontario">Ottawa, Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Caledonian_Curling_Club" title="Royal Caledonian Curling Club">Royal Caledonian Curling Club</a> – <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, the official Mother Club of curling</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Montreal_Curling_Club" title="Royal Montreal Curling Club">Royal Montreal Curling Club</a> – <a href="/wiki/Montreal,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Montreal, Quebec">Montreal, Quebec</a>, the oldest active athletic club in North America</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_City_Curling_Club" title="Royal City Curling Club">Royal City Curling Club</a> – <a href="/wiki/New_Westminster,_British_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="New Westminster, British Columbia">New Westminster, British Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul_Curling_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Paul Curling Club">Saint Paul Curling Club</a> – <a href="/wiki/St._Paul,_Minnesota" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Paul, Minnesota">St. Paul, Minnesota</a> – Founded in 1885. Club with largest active membership in the United States (over 1000 members).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utica_Curling_Club" title="Utica Curling Club">Utica Curling Club</a> – <a href="/wiki/Utica,_New_York" title="Utica, New York">Utica, New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilsyth_Curling_Club" title="Kilsyth Curling Club">Kilsyth Curling Club</a> – the first constituted curling club in the world</li></ul> </div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curling&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a> participate in a game of curling during one scene of their 1965 film <i><a href="/wiki/Help!_(film)" title="Help! (film)">Help!</a></i>. The villains booby-trap one of the curling stones with a bomb; George sees the "fiendish thingy" and tells everyone to run. The bomb eventually goes off after a delay, creating a big hole in the ice.</li> <li>The 1969 <a href="/wiki/James_Bond" title="James Bond">James Bond</a> film <i><a href="/wiki/On_Her_Majesty%27s_Secret_Service_(film)" title="On Her Majesty's Secret Service (film)">On Her Majesty's Secret Service</a></i> features scenes of curling.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Men_with_Brooms" title="Men with Brooms">Men with Brooms</a></i> is a 2002 Canadian film that takes a satirical look at curling.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A TV adaptation, also titled <i><a href="/wiki/Men_with_Brooms_(TV_series)" title="Men with Brooms (TV series)">Men with Brooms</a></i>, debuted in 2010 on <a href="/wiki/CBC_Television" title="CBC Television">CBC Television</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Corner_Gas" title="Corner Gas">Corner Gas</a></i> episode "Hurry Hard" involves the townspeople of Dog River competing in a local curling <a href="/wiki/Bonspiel" title="Bonspiel">bonspiel</a> for the fictitious "Clavet Cup". The episode also features cameos by Canadian curlers <a href="/wiki/Randy_Ferbey" title="Randy Ferbey">Randy Ferbey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dave_Nedohin" class="mw-redirect" title="Dave Nedohin">Dave Nedohin</a>.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Louise_Penny" title="Louise Penny">Louise Penny</a>'s mystery novel <i><a href="/wiki/A_Fatal_Grace" title="A Fatal Grace">A Fatal Grace</a></i>, published in 2007, the main character investigates a murder at a local Christmas bonspiel.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Boy_Meets_Curl" title="Boy Meets Curl">Boy Meets Curl</a>" is a 2010 episode from <i><a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons">The Simpsons</a></i>: <a href="/wiki/Homer_Simpson" title="Homer Simpson">Homer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marge_Simpson" title="Marge Simpson">Marge</a> form a <a href="/wiki/Mixed_curling" class="mw-redirect" title="Mixed curling">mixed curling</a> team with <a href="/wiki/Agnes_Skinner#Agnes_Skinner" class="mw-redirect" title="Agnes Skinner">Agnes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seymour_Skinner" class="mw-redirect" title="Seymour Skinner">Seymour Skinner</a>, which is chosen to play in the <a href="/wiki/2010_Winter_Olympics" title="2010 Winter Olympics">2010 Winter Olympics</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a>, where they win the gold medal.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Move_of_the_Penguin" title="The Move of the Penguin">The Move of the Penguin</a></i> is a 2013 Italian comedy film where an unlikely team tries to qualify for the <a href="/wiki/2006_Winter_Olympics" title="2006 Winter Olympics">2006 Winter Olympics</a> held in <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a>.</li> <li>The 2014 Canadian drama film <i><a href="/wiki/Sweeping_Forward" title="Sweeping Forward">Sweeping Forward</a></i> centres on a group of troubled young women who are recruited to train and compete as a curling team.</li> <li>In 2021, the sitcom <i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_North" title="The Great North">The Great North</a></i> aired the episode "Curl Interrupted Adventure" in which two characters join a curling league.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curling&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid 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curling">Glossary of curling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Slam_of_Curling" title="Grand Slam of Curling">Grand Slam of Curling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_curlers" title="List of curlers">List of curlers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Curling_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="World Curling Federation">World Curling Federation</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/University_and_college_curling" title="University and college curling">University and college curling</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_curling" title="Women's curling">Women's curling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drummuir_Curlers%27_Platform_railway_station" title="Drummuir Curlers' Platform railway station">Drummuir Curlers' Platform railway station</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curling&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sports.yahoo.com/top/news?slug=ycn-10481401">"Curling Makes Gains in U.S. Popularity"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Yahoo!_Sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo! 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBC&rft.atitle=What+are+the+odds%3F+Windsor+rink+scores+8-ender&rft.date=2011-12-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fwindsor%2Fwhat-are-the-odds-windsor-rink-scores-8-ender-1.1015761&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACurling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CBC_2015_u353-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CBC_2015_u353_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/eight-ender-scored-in-curling-match-in-langley-1.3241161">"Eight-ender scored in curling match in Langley"</a>. <i>CBC</i>. 24 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBC&rft.atitle=Eight-ender+scored+in+curling+match+in+Langley&rft.date=2015-09-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fbritish-columbia%2Feight-ender-scored-in-curling-match-in-langley-1.3241161&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACurling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jala_2019_b963-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jala_2019_b963_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJala2019" class="citation web cs1">Jala, David (20 November 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.saltwire.com/cape-breton/sports/rare-curling-eight-ender-recorded-at-sydney-club-378356/">"Rare curling eight-ender recorded at Sydney club"</a>. <i>SaltWire</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.curlingzone.com/forums/scores/index.php?tournamentgameid=48621&tournamentid=1309">the original</a> on 27 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CurlingZone&rft.atitle=Shooting+Percentages&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.curlingzone.com%2Fforums%2Fscores%2Findex.php%3Ftournamentgameid%3D48621%26tournamentid%3D1309&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACurling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VC6Dap35B_Y">"Curling 8 Ender"</a>. <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110922092400/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VC6Dap35B_Y">Archived</a> from the original on 22 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Curling+8+Ender&rft.pub=YouTube&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DVC6Dap35B_Y&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACurling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarvey" class="citation web cs1">Harvey, George. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/the-curlers-210179/view_as/grid/search/keyword:curlers-1543116/page/1">"The Curlers"</a>. <i>ArtUK</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180216143859/https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/the-curlers-210179/view_as/grid/search/keyword:curlers-1543116/page/1">Archived</a> from the original on 16 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ArtUK&rft.atitle=The+Curlers&rft.aulast=Harvey&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fartuk.org%2Fdiscover%2Fartworks%2Fthe-curlers-210179%2Fview_as%2Fgrid%2Fsearch%2Fkeyword%3Acurlers-1543116%2Fpage%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACurling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarvey" class="citation web cs1">Harvey, George. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/the-curlers-210171/view_as/grid/search/keyword:curlers-1543116/page/1">"The Curlers"</a>. <i>ArtUK</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180216143750/https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/the-curlers-210171/view_as/grid/search/keyword:curlers-1543116/page/1">Archived</a> from the original on 16 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ArtUK&rft.atitle=The+Curlers&rft.aulast=Harvey&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fartuk.org%2Fdiscover%2Fartworks%2Fthe-curlers-210171%2Fview_as%2Fgrid%2Fsearch%2Fkeyword%3Acurlers-1543116%2Fpage%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACurling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevack" class="citation web cs1">Levack, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/the-curlers-at-rawyards-189706/view_as/grid/search/keyword:curlers-1543116/page/1">"The Curlers at Rawyards"</a>. <i>ArtUK</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180216084735/https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/the-curlers-at-rawyards-189706/view_as/grid/search/keyword:curlers-1543116/page/1">Archived</a> from the original on 16 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ArtUK&rft.atitle=The+Curlers+at+Rawyards&rft.aulast=Levack&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fartuk.org%2Fdiscover%2Fartworks%2Fthe-curlers-at-rawyards-189706%2Fview_as%2Fgrid%2Fsearch%2Fkeyword%3Acurlers-1543116%2Fpage%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACurling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/curling-208735/view_as/grid/search/keyword:curling/page/1">"Dutch School"</a>. <i>ArtUK</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180216143830/https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/curling-208735/view_as/grid/search/keyword:curling/page/1">Archived</a> from the original on 16 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ArtUK&rft.atitle=Dutch+School&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fartuk.org%2Fdiscover%2Fartworks%2Fcurling-208735%2Fview_as%2Fgrid%2Fsearch%2Fkeyword%3Acurling%2Fpage%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACurling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHardie" class="citation web cs1">Hardie, Charles Martin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/curling-at-carsebreck-212455/view_as/grid/search/keyword:curling/page/1">"Curling at Carsebreck"</a>. <i>ArtUK</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180216143817/https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/curling-at-carsebreck-212455/view_as/grid/search/keyword:curling/page/1">Archived</a> from the original on 16 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ArtUK&rft.atitle=Curling+at+Carsebreck&rft.aulast=Hardie&rft.aufirst=Charles+Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fartuk.org%2Fdiscover%2Fartworks%2Fcurling-at-carsebreck-212455%2Fview_as%2Fgrid%2Fsearch%2Fkeyword%3Acurling%2Fpage%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACurling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaguire" class="citation web cs1">Maguire, John Elliot. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/curling-stone-workshop-183133/view_as/grid/search/keyword:curling/page/1">"Curling Stone Workshop"</a>. <i>ArtUK</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180216084748/https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/curling-stone-workshop-183133/view_as/grid/search/keyword:curling/page/1">Archived</a> from the original on 16 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ArtUK&rft.atitle=Curling+Stone+Workshop&rft.aulast=Maguire&rft.aufirst=John+Elliot&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fartuk.org%2Fdiscover%2Fartworks%2Fcurling-stone-workshop-183133%2Fview_as%2Fgrid%2Fsearch%2Fkeyword%3Acurling%2Fpage%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACurling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGhie" class="citation web cs1">McGhie, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180216143804/https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/the-curlers-124756/view_as/grid/search/keyword:curling/page/1">"The Curlers"</a>. <i>ArtUK</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ArtUK&rft.atitle=The+Curlers&rft.aulast=McGhie&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fartuk.org%2Fdiscover%2Fartworks%2Fthe-curlers-124756%2Fview_as%2Fgrid%2Fsearch%2Fkeyword%3Acurling%2Fpage%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACurling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mfah.org/art/detail/50564">"Curling;—a Scottish Game, at Central Park"</a>. <i>The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180216204326/https://www.mfah.org/art/detail/50564">Archived</a> from the original on 16 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Museum+of+Fine+Arts%2C+Houston&rft.atitle=Curling%3B%E2%80%94a+Scottish+Game%2C+at+Central+Park&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfah.org%2Fart%2Fdetail%2F50564&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACurling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070428013412/http://www.cbc.ca/documentaries/curlingrichardsons.html">"Kings of the World: The Curling Richardsons"</a>. CBC Television. 13 March 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/documentaries/curlingrichardsons.html">the original</a> on 28 April 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Kings+of+the+World%3A+The+Curling+Richardsons&rft.date=2004-03-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fdocumentaries%2Fcurlingrichardsons.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACurling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130517162908/http://www.rcmpcc.ca/web/cccntnt.asp?app=116">"Spirit of Curling"</a>. RCMP Curling Club, Ottawa. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rcmpcc.ca/web/cccntnt.asp?app=116">the original</a> on 17 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Spirit+of+Curling&rft.pub=RCMP+Curling+Club%2C+Ottawa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rcmpcc.ca%2Fweb%2Fcccntnt.asp%3Fapp%3D116&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACurling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-besthealth-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-besthealth_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPearson2009" class="citation web cs1">Pearson, Patricia (March–April 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.besthealthmag.ca/get-healthy/fitness/how-one-woman-fell-in-love-with-curling">"How one woman fell in love with curling"</a>. <i>Best Health</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100209085048/http://www.besthealthmag.ca/get-healthy/fitness/how-one-woman-fell-in-love-with-curling">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Best+Health&rft.atitle=How+one+woman+fell+in+love+with+curling&rft.date=2009-03%2F2009-04&rft.aulast=Pearson&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.besthealthmag.ca%2Fget-healthy%2Ffitness%2Fhow-one-woman-fell-in-love-with-curling&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACurling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.curlingschool.com/manual2007/Section4.html">"Section 4 - Using a Throwing Device"</a>. <i>The Curling School</i>. Curltech. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170116162200/http://www.curlingschool.com/manual2007/Section4.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Curling+School&rft.atitle=Section+4+-+Using+a+Throwing+Device&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.curlingschool.com%2Fmanual2007%2FSection4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACurling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">World Masters Curling <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://achievementinage.blogspot.co.uk/">World Masters Curling</a>| <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160110055810/http://achievementinage.blogspot.co.uk/">Archived</a> 10 January 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0263734/">"Men With Brooms IMDB Entry"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IMDb" title="IMDb">IMDb</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180206122528/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0263734/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMDb&rft.atitle=Men+With+Brooms+IMDB+Entry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt0263734%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACurling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlennon2012" class="citation news cs1">Glennon, Morgan (5 January 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/morgan-glennon/men-with-brooms-requiem-f_b_1185292.html">"Men With Brooms: Requiem for an Obscure Canadian Sitcom"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Huffington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Huffington Post">Huffington Post</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120319181657/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/morgan-glennon/men-with-brooms-requiem-f_b_1185292.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=Men+With+Brooms%3A+Requiem+for+an+Obscure+Canadian+Sitcom&rft.date=2012-01-05&rft.aulast=Glennon&rft.aufirst=Morgan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2Fmorgan-glennon%2Fmen-with-brooms-requiem-f_b_1185292.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACurling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStasio2007" class="citation news cs1">Stasio, Marilyn (10 June 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/10/books/Crime-t.html">"Bodies of Evidence"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210424182150/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/10/books/Crime-t.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Bodies+of+Evidence&rft.date=2007-06-10&rft.aulast=Stasio&rft.aufirst=Marilyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F06%2F10%2Fbooks%2FCrime-t.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACurling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.si.com/curling/blog/curling-in-the-great-north">"Curling in The Great North"</a>. <i>Sports Illustrated</i>. 28 March 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210424182152/https://www.si.com/curling/blog/curling-in-the-great-north">Archived</a> from the original on 24 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sports+Illustrated&rft.atitle=Curling+in+The+Great+North&rft.date=2021-03-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.si.com%2Fcurling%2Fblog%2Fcurling-in-the-great-north&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACurling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curling&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMottAllardyce1989" class="citation book cs1">Mott, Morris; Allardyce, John (1989). <i>Curling Capital Winnipeg and the Roarin' Game, 1876 to 1988</i>. Winnipeg: University of Manitoba Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88755-145-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-88755-145-9"><bdi>0-88755-145-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Curling+Capital+Winnipeg+and+the+Roarin%27+Game%2C+1876+to+1988&rft.place=Winnipeg&rft.pub=University+of+Manitoba+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-88755-145-9&rft.aulast=Mott&rft.aufirst=Morris&rft.au=Allardyce%2C+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACurling" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurata2022" class="citation journal cs1">Murata, Jiro (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9440934">"Study of curling mechanism by precision kinematic measurements of curling stone's motion"</a>. <i>Scientific Reports</i>. <b>12</b> (1). 15047. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.00347">2203.00347</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022NatSR..1215047M">2022NatSR..1215047M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41598-022-19303-4">10.1038/s41598-022-19303-4</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9440934">9440934</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36057647">36057647</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+Reports&rft.atitle=Study+of+curling+mechanism+by+precision+kinematic+measurements+of+curling+stone%27s+motion&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=15047&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9440934%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2022NatSR..1215047M&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F2203.00347&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F36057647&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41598-022-19303-4&rft.aulast=Murata&rft.aufirst=Jiro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9440934&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACurling" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichard2006" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Richard, Pierre (2006). <i>Une Histoire Sociale du Curling au Québec, de 1807 à 1980</i> (in French). Trois-Rivières: Université du Québec.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Une+Histoire+Sociale+du+Curling+au+Qu%C3%A9bec%2C+de+1807+%C3%A0+1980&rft.place=Trois-Rivi%C3%A8res&rft.pub=Universit%C3%A9+du+Qu%C3%A9bec&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Richard&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACurling" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Smith, David B. (1981), <i>Curling: An Illustrated History</i>, John Donald Publishers Ltd., Edinburgh, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780859760744" title="Special:BookSources/9780859760744">9780859760744</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curling&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Curling" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Curling">Curling</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">1911 <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></a> article "<span style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Curling" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Curling">Curling</a></span>".</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcurling.org/">World Curling Federation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/archives/categories/sports/curling/curling-sweeping-the-nation/topic---curling-sweeping-the-nation.html">CBC Digital Archives – Curling: Sweeping the Nation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160527005136/http://collectionscanada.ca/curling/">Bonspiel! The History of Curling in Canada at Library and Archives Canada</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924014238/http://www.folklife.si.edu/resources/festival2003/scot_curling2.htm">curling stones</a>, Smithsonian Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ht8DAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA78"><i>The Game Of The Magic Broom</i>, March 1944</a> one of the first magazine articles to introduce the game of curling to the American public</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/32838">The Canadian Curler's Manual</a> transcription of 1840 text</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130714050734/http://www.sportlistings.com/winter-sports/curling/world-curling-federation-l112.html">Sportlistings.com</a> - World Curling Federation Directory listing</li></ul> <div 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Team_sports199" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Team_sports" title="Template:Team sports"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Team_sports" title="Template talk:Team sports"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Team_sports" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Team sports"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Team_sports199" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Team_sport" title="Team sport">Team sports</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sport" title="Sport">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_governing_body" title="Sports governing body">Governing bodies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_sport" title="National sport">National sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_sportspeople" title="Lists of sportspeople">Sportspeople</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ball_sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Ball sports">Ball sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Invasion_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion games">Invasion games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Basket sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">Basketball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beach_basketball" class="mw-redirect" title="Beach basketball">beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deaf_basketball" title="Deaf basketball">deaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3x3_basketball" title="3x3 basketball">3x3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_basketball" title="Water basketball">water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelchair_basketball" title="Wheelchair basketball">wheelchair</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cestoball" title="Cestoball">Cestoball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dueball" title="Dueball">Dueball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korfball" title="Korfball">Korfball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netball" title="Netball">Netball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fast5_netball" title="Fast5 netball">Fast5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoor_netball" title="Indoor netball">indoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelchair_netball" title="Wheelchair netball">wheelchair</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rezball" title="Rezball">Rezball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringball" title="Ringball">Ringball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SlamBall" title="SlamBall">SlamBall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Football" title="Football">Football</a><br />codes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_rules_football" title="Australian rules football">Australian rules football</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AFLX" title="AFLX">AFLX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightning_football" title="Lightning football">Lightning football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_footy" class="mw-redirect" title="Metro footy">Metro footy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine-a-side_footy" title="Nine-a-side footy">Nine-a-side</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rec_footy" title="Rec footy">Rec footy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_football" title="Gaelic football">Gaelic football</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ladies%27_Gaelic_football" title="Ladies' Gaelic football">Ladies'</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circle_rules_football" title="Circle rules football">Circle rules football</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Association football</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Association football</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amputee_football" title="Amputee football">amputee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beach_soccer" title="Beach soccer">beach soccer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freestyle_football" title="Freestyle football">freestyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futsal" title="Futsal">futsal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoor_soccer" title="Indoor soccer">Indoor soccer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minifootball" title="Minifootball">minifootball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paralympic_football" title="Paralympic football">paralympic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powerchair_football" title="Powerchair football">powerchair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roller_soccer" title="Roller soccer">roller soccer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socca" title="Socca">socca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_football_(association_football)" title="Street football (association football)">street</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gridiron_football" title="Gridiron football">Gridiron</a> codes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eight-man_football" title="Eight-man football">eight-man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_football" title="Flag football">flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine-man_football" title="Nine-man football">nine-man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six-man_football" title="Six-man football">six-man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprint_football" title="Sprint football">sprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touch_football_(American)" title="Touch football (American)">touch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelchair_Football_(American)" title="Wheelchair Football (American)">wheelchair</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arena_football" title="Arena football">Arena football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_football" title="Canadian football">Canadian football</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_hybrid_sports" title="List of hybrid sports">Hybrid</a> codes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austus" title="Austus">Austus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eton_wall_game" title="Eton wall game">Eton wall game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_rules_football" title="International rules football">International rules football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa_rules" title="Samoa rules">Samoa rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speedball_(American_ball_game)" title="Speedball (American ball game)">Speedball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_football_(code)" title="Swedish football (code)">Swedish football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_football" title="Universal football">Universal football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volata" title="Volata">Volata</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Medieval_football" title="Medieval football">Medieval/historical<br />football</a> codes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ba%27_Game" title="Ba' Game">Ba' Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caid_(sport)" title="Caid (sport)">Caid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcio_storico_fiorentino" title="Calcio storico fiorentino">Calcio fiorentino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camping_(game)" title="Camping (game)">Camping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cnapan" title="Cnapan">Cnapan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_hurling" title="Cornish hurling">Cornish hurling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuju" title="Cuju">Cuju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpastum" title="Harpastum">Harpastum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemari" title="Kemari">Kemari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_soule" title="La soule">La soule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lelo_burti" title="Lelo burti">Lelo burti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marn_Grook" title="Marn Grook">Marn grook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasuckuakohowog" title="Pasuckuakohowog">Pasuckuakohowog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Shrovetide_Football" title="Royal Shrovetide Football">Royal Shrovetide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uppies_and_Downies" title="Uppies and Downies">Uppies and downies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rugby_football" title="Rugby football">Rugby</a> codes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_league" title="Rugby league">Rugby league</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Masters_Rugby_League" title="Masters Rugby League">masters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod_league" title="Mod league">mod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_league_nines" title="Rugby league nines">nines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_league_sevens" title="Rugby league sevens">sevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tag_rugby" title="Tag rugby">tag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelchair_rugby_league" title="Wheelchair rugby league">wheelchair</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">Rugby union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_flag_rugby" title="American flag rugby">American flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beach_rugby" title="Beach rugby">beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mini_rugby" title="Mini rugby">mini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_sevens" title="Rugby sevens">sevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snow_rugby" title="Snow rugby">snow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tag_rugby" title="Tag rugby">tag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tambo_rugby" title="Tambo rugby">Tambo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touch_rugby" title="Touch rugby">touch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_tens" title="Rugby tens">tens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_X" title="Rugby X">X</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touch_(sport)" title="Touch (sport)">Touch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelchair_rugby" title="Wheelchair rugby">Wheelchair</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other related codes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuju" title="Cuju">Cuju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%AB-o-rahi" title="Kī-o-rahi">Kī-o-rahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jegichagi" title="Jegichagi">Jegichagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yubi_lakpi" title="Yubi lakpi">Yubi lakpi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stick-and-ball<br />sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bando_(sport)" title="Bando (sport)">Bando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cammag" title="Cammag">Cammag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gateball" title="Gateball">Gateball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurling" title="Hurling">Hurling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camogie" title="Camogie">Camogie</a></li> <li>Super11s</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Composite_rules_shinty%E2%80%93hurling" title="Composite rules shinty–hurling">Shinty–Hurling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_North_American_stickball" title="Indigenous North American stickball">Indigenous North American stickball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iomain" title="Iomain">Iomain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knattleikr" title="Knattleikr">Knattleikr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knotty" title="Knotty">Knotty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacrosse" title="Lacrosse">Lacrosse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Box_lacrosse" title="Box lacrosse">box/indoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_lacrosse" title="Field lacrosse">field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercrosse" title="Intercrosse">intercrosse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_lacrosse" title="Women's lacrosse">women's</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritinis" title="Ritinis">Ritinis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinty" title="Shinty">Shinty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Composite_rules_shinty%E2%80%93hurling" title="Composite rules shinty–hurling">Shinty–Hurling</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hockey" title="Hockey">Hockey</a> sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ball_hockey" title="Ball hockey">Ball hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandy" title="Bandy">Bandy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rink_bandy" title="Rink bandy">rink</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broomball" title="Broomball">Broomball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_hockey" title="Field hockey">Field hockey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indoor_hockey" title="Indoor hockey">indoor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floor_hockey" title="Floor hockey">Floor hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floorball" title="Floorball">Floorball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">Ice hockey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pond_hockey" title="Pond hockey">pond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_hockey" title="Power hockey">power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sledge_hockey" title="Sledge hockey">ice sledge</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringette" title="Ringette">Ringette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinkball" title="Rinkball">Rinkball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roller_hockey" title="Roller hockey">Roller hockey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roller_in-line_hockey" class="mw-redirect" title="Roller in-line hockey">in-line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roller_hockey_(quad)" title="Roller hockey (quad)">quad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rossall_Hockey" class="mw-redirect" title="Rossall Hockey">Rossall hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinny" title="Shinny">Shinny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_hockey" title="Street hockey">Street hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_hockey" title="Underwater hockey">Underwater hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicycle_hockey" title="Unicycle hockey">Unicycle hockey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polo" title="Polo">Polo</a> sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auto_polo" title="Auto polo">Auto polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowboy_polo" title="Cowboy polo">Cowboy polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycle_polo" title="Cycle polo">Cycle polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elephant_polo" title="Elephant polo">Elephant polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hobby_horse_polo" title="Hobby horse polo">Hobby horse polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horseball" title="Horseball">Horseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pato" title="Pato">Pato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polo" title="Polo">Polo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arena_polo" title="Arena polo">Arena polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chovgan" title="Chovgan">Chovgan</a></li> <li>Snow polo</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polocrosse" title="Polocrosse">Polocrosse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segway_polo" title="Segway polo">Segway polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yak_polo" title="Yak polo">Yak polo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other goal sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angleball" title="Angleball">Angleball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycle_ball" title="Cycle ball">Cycle ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flickerball" title="Flickerball">Flickerball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goalball" title="Goalball">Goalball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handball" title="Handball">Handball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beach_handball" title="Beach handball">beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_handball" title="Czech handball">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_handball" title="Field handball">field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelchair_handball" title="Wheelchair handball">wheelchair</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_Ball" title="Home Ball">Home Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motoball" title="Motoball">Motoball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushball" title="Pushball">Pushball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quidditch_(real-life_sport)" title="Quidditch (real-life sport)">Quidditch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roll_ball" title="Roll ball">Roll ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_football" title="Underwater football">Underwater football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_rugby" title="Underwater rugby">Underwater rugby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_polo" title="Water polo">Water polo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canoe_polo" title="Canoe polo">canoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_tube_water_polo" title="Inner tube water polo">inner tube</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whirlyball" title="Whirlyball">Whirlyball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bat-and-ball_games" title="Bat-and-ball games">Bat-and-ball<br />games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Variations_of_baseball" title="Variations of baseball">Baseball variants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">Baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball5" title="Baseball5">Baseball5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%A4nnboll" title="Brännboll">Brännboll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corkball" title="Corkball">Corkball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kickball" title="Kickball">Kickball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matball" title="Matball">Matball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Over-the-line" title="Over-the-line">Over-the-line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pes%C3%A4pallo" title="Pesäpallo">Pesäpallo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rounders" title="Rounders">Rounders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schlagball" title="Schlagball">Schlagball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Softball" title="Softball">Softball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fastpitch_softball" title="Fastpitch softball">Fastpitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16-inch_softball" title="16-inch softball">16-inch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stickball_(street_game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stickball (street game)">Stickball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitilla" title="Vitilla">Vitilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_baseball" title="British baseball">British baseball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_baseball" class="mw-redirect" title="English baseball">English baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_baseball" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh baseball">Welsh baseball</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiffle_ball" title="Wiffle ball">Wiffle ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Town_ball" title="Town ball">Town ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireball" title="Wireball">Wireball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Forms_of_cricket" title="Forms of cricket">Cricket variants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">Cricket</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/One_Day_International" title="One Day International">One Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Test_cricket" title="Test cricket">Test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty20_International" title="Twenty20 International">Twenty20</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoor_cricket" title="Indoor cricket">Indoor cricket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigoro" title="Vigoro">Vigoro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danish_longball" title="Danish longball">Danish longball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapta_(game)" title="Lapta (game)">Lapta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oin%C4%83" title="Oină">Oină</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoolball" title="Stoolball">Stoolball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Net_and_wall_games" title="Net and wall games">Net and wall games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ball_badminton" title="Ball badminton">Ball badminton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biribol" title="Biribol">Biribol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bossaball" title="Bossaball">Bossaball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fistball" title="Fistball">Fistball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fives" title="Fives">Fives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eton_fives" title="Eton fives">Eton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_fives" title="Rugby fives">Rugby</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Footbag_net" title="Footbag net">Footbag net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_tennis" title="Football tennis">Football tennis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Footvolley" title="Footvolley">Footvolley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jianzi" title="Jianzi">Jianzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jokgu" title="Jokgu">Jokgu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcomb_ball" title="Newcomb ball">Newcomb ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peteca" title="Peteca">Peteca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sepak_takraw" title="Sepak takraw">Sepak takraw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teqball" title="Teqball">teqball‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Throwball" title="Throwball">Throwball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">Volleyball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beach_volleyball" title="Beach volleyball">beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">indoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitting_volleyball" title="Sitting volleyball">sitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_volleyball" title="Standing volleyball">standing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volleyball_variations#Pioneerball" title="Volleyball variations">pioneerball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snow_volleyball" title="Snow volleyball">snow</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other ball games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dodgeball" title="Dodgeball">Dodgeball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gain-ground" title="Gain-ground">Gain-ground</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balle_%C3%A0_la_main" title="Balle à la main">Balle à la main</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballon_au_poing" title="Ballon au poing">Ballon au poing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeu_de_paume" title="Jeu de paume">Jeu de paume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longue_paume" title="Longue paume">Longue paume</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaatsen" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaatsen">Kaatsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kin-Ball" title="Kin-Ball">Kin-Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagori" class="mw-redirect" title="Lagori">Lagori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_ballgame" title="Mesoamerican ballgame">Mesoamerican ballgame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelota_mixteca" title="Pelota mixteca">Pelota mixteca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prisonball" title="Prisonball">Prisonball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamburello" title="Tamburello">Tamburello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tchoukball" title="Tchoukball">Tchoukball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulama_(game)" title="Ulama (game)">Ulama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valencian_pilota" title="Valencian pilota">Valencian pilota</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Llargues" title="Llargues">Llargues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukigassen" title="Yukigassen">Yukigassen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tag_sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Tag sports">Tag sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kabaddi" title="Kabaddi">Kabaddi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kho_kho" title="Kho kho">Kho kho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chase_Tag" title="World Chase Tag">World Chase Tag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Water_sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Water sports">Water sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Synchronized_swimming" title="Synchronized swimming">Synchronized swimming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yacht_racing" title="Yacht racing">Yacht racing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other non-ball sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airsoft" title="Airsoft">Airsoft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo-taoshi" title="Bo-taoshi">Bo-taoshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buzkashi" title="Buzkashi">Buzkashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_(juggling)" title="Combat (juggling)">Combat (juggling)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Curling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wheelchair_curling" title="Wheelchair curling">wheelchair</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guts_(flying_disc_game)" title="Guts (flying disc game)">Guts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hornussen" title="Hornussen">Hornussen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jereed" title="Jereed">Jereed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makura-Nage" title="Makura-Nage">Makura-Nage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paintball" title="Paintball">Paintball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roller_derby" title="Roller derby">Roller derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synchronized_skating" title="Synchronized skating">Synchronized skating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tug_of_war" title="Tug of war">Tug of war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultimate_frisbee" title="Ultimate frisbee">Ultimate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="30px_Winter_Olympic_sports137" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Winter_Olympic_sports" title="Template:Winter Olympic sports"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Winter_Olympic_sports" title="Template talk:Winter Olympic sports"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Winter_Olympic_sports" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Winter Olympic sports"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="30px_Winter_Olympic_sports137" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/30px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/45px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/60px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="342" data-file-height="158" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Winter_Olympic_sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Winter Olympic sports">Winter Olympic sports</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biathlon" title="Biathlon">Biathlon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobsleigh" title="Bobsleigh">Bobsleigh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Skeleton_(sport)" title="Skeleton (sport)">skeleton</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Curling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">Ice hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luge" title="Luge">Luge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_skating" title="Ice skating">Skating</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Figure_skating" title="Figure skating">figure skating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short-track_speed_skating" title="Short-track speed skating">short-track</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-track_speed_skating" title="Long-track speed skating">long-track</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skiing" title="Skiing">Skiing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_skiing" title="Alpine skiing">alpine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-country_skiing_(sport)" title="Cross-country skiing (sport)">cross-country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freestyle_skiing" title="Freestyle skiing">freestyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_combined" title="Nordic combined">Nordic combined</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ski_jumping" title="Ski jumping">ski jumping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snowboarding" title="Snowboarding">snowboarding</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ski_mountaineering" title="Ski mountaineering">Ski mountaineering</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><i>See also:</i> <a href="/wiki/Paralympic_sports" title="Paralympic sports">Paralympic sports</a> and <a href="/wiki/Summer_Olympic_sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Summer Olympic sports">Summer Olympic sports</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ice503" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ice" title="Template:Ice"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ice" title="Template talk:Ice"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ice" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ice"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ice503" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ice" title="Ice">Ice</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>The <a href="/wiki/Solid" title="Solid">solid</a> <a href="/wiki/State_of_matter" title="State of matter">state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major phases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phases_of_ice#Amorphous_ice" title="Phases of ice">Amorphous solid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phases_of_ice#Known_phases" title="Phases of ice">Crystalline phases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phases_of_ice#Ice_XVIII_(superionic_water)" title="Phases of ice">Superionic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Formations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anchor_ice" title="Anchor ice">Anchor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_cap" title="Ice cap">Cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_cave" title="Ice cave">Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_dune" title="Ice dune">Dune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_field" title="Ice field">Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glacier" title="Glacier">Glacier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceberg" title="Iceberg">Iceberg</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ice_calving" title="Ice calving">calving</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icicle" title="Icicle">Icicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_jam" title="Ice jam">Jam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_ice" title="Sea ice">Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_sheet" title="Ice sheet">Sheet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_spike" title="Ice spike">Spike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalactite#Ice_stalactites" title="Stalactite">Stalactites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_volcano" title="Ice volcano">Volcano</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Phenomena</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ice%E2%80%93albedo_feedback" title="Ice–albedo feedback">Albedo feedback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_ice" title="Black ice">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_circle" title="Ice circle">Circle or disc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clear_ice" title="Clear ice">Clear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_crystals" class="mw-redirect" title="Ice crystals">Crystals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firn" title="Firn">Firn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_fog" class="mw-redirect" title="Ice fog">Fog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frazil_ice" title="Frazil ice">Frazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frost" title="Frost">Frost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frost_heaving" title="Frost heaving">Frost heave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frost_flower" title="Frost flower">Frost flower</a> (<a href="/wiki/Frost_flower_(sea_ice)" title="Frost flower (sea ice)">sea ice</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glaze_(ice)" title="Glaze (ice)">Glaze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hail" title="Hail">Hail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_ice" title="Hair ice">Hair ice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_jacking" title="Ice jacking">Jacking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9v%C3%A9" title="Névé">Névé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Needle_ice" title="Needle ice">Needle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_nucleus" title="Ice nucleus">Nucleus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rime_ice" title="Rime ice">Rime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_shove" title="Ice shove">Shove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuga_(ice)" title="Shuga (ice)">Shuga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slurry_ice" title="Slurry ice">Slurry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slush" title="Slush">Slush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snow" title="Snow">Snow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_storm" title="Ice storm">Storm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ice-related<br />activities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ice_bath" title="Ice bath">Bathing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_blasting" title="Ice blasting">Blasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_blocking" title="Ice blocking">Blocking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_climbing" title="Ice climbing">Climbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_fishing" title="Ice fishing">Fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_rafting" title="Ice rafting">Rafting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_sculpture" title="Ice sculpture">Sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_skating" title="Ice skating">Skating</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Winter_sports" title="Winter sports">Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandy" title="Bandy">Bandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceboat" title="Iceboat">Iceboating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_cricket" title="Ice cricket">Cricket</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Curling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icetrack_cycling" title="Icetrack cycling">Cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figure_skating" title="Figure skating">Figure skating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">Ice hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_racing" title="Ice racing">Ice racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speed_skating" title="Speed skating">Speed skating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short-track_speed_skating" title="Short-track speed skating">Short-track speed skating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tour_skating" title="Tour skating">Tour skating</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Constructions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ice_bar" title="Ice bar">Bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_bridge" title="Ice bridge">Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_hotel" title="Ice hotel">Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igloo" title="Igloo">Igloo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_palace" title="Ice palace">Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_pier" title="Ice pier">Pier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pykrete" title="Pykrete">Pykrete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_rink" title="Ice rink">Rink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_road" title="Ice road">Road</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Work</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ice_cutting" title="Ice cutting">Cutting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icebox" title="Icebox">Icebox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_house_(building)" title="Ice house (building)">Icehouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceman_(occupation)" title="Iceman (occupation)">Iceman (occupation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_pick" title="Ice pick">Pick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_trade" title="Ice trade">Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakhch%C4%81l" title="Yakhchāl">Yakhchāl</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other uses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ice_chips" class="mw-redirect" title="Ice chips">Chips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_core" title="Ice core">Core</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_cream" title="Ice cream">Cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_cube" title="Ice cube">Cube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_pack" title="Ice pack">Pack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ice_age" title="Ice age">Ice ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glaciology" title="Glaciology">Glaciology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Ice_Age" title="Little Ice Age">Little Ice Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleistocene" title="Pleistocene">Pleistocene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snowball_Earth" title="Snowball Earth">Snowball Earth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Water_ice" title="Category:Water ice">Category</a></li> <li> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ice" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ice">Wikimedia Commons</a></li> <li> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wiktionary page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ice" class="extiw" title="wikt:ice">Wiktionary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Celts_and_modern_Celts332" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Celts" title="Template:Celts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Celts" title="Template talk:Celts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Celts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Celts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Celts_and_modern_Celts332" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Celts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Celts_(modern)" title="Celts (modern)">modern Celts</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Celtic_nations" title="Celtic nations">Celtic nations</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Celtic_studies" title="Celtic studies">Celtic studies</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Celtic_peoples_and_tribes" title="List of ancient Celtic peoples and tribes">Celtic tribes</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Celtic_languages" title="Celtic languages">Celtic languages</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Peoples209" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Peoples</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Celtic_peoples_and_tribes" title="List of ancient Celtic peoples and tribes">Ancient Celtic ethnic groups</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Names_of_the_Celts" title="Names of the Celts">Names</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belgae" title="Belgae">Belgae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Britons" title="Celtic Britons">Britons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caledonians" title="Caledonians">Caledonians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtiberians" title="Celtiberians">Celtiberians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaels" title="Gaels">Gaels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallaeci" title="Gallaeci">Gallaeci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gauls" title="Gauls">Gauls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galatians_(people)" title="Galatians (people)">Galatians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helvetii" title="Helvetii">Helvetii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepontii" title="Lepontii">Lepontii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noricum" title="Noricum">Noricum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcae" title="Volcae">Volcae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celts_(modern)" title="Celts (modern)">Modern Celtic ethnic groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bretons" title="Bretons">Bretons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_people" title="Cornish people">Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_people" title="Welsh people">Welsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaels" title="Gaels">Gaels</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_people" title="Irish people">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_people" title="Manx people">Manx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_people" title="Scottish people">Scots</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Celtic diaspora</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_diaspora" title="Cornish diaspora">Cornish diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_diaspora" title="Irish diaspora">Irish diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_diaspora" title="Scottish diaspora">Scottish diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_diaspora" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh diaspora">Welsh diaspora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related ethnic groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Celtic" title="Anglo-Celtic">Anglo-Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breton_Americans" title="Breton Americans">Breton Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_Americans" title="Cornish Americans">Cornish Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_people" title="English people">English people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_people" title="Irish people">Irish people</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Celtic_round_dogs.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Celtic_round_dogs.svg/100px-Celtic_round_dogs.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Celtic_round_dogs.svg/150px-Celtic_round_dogs.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Celtic_round_dogs.svg/200px-Celtic_round_dogs.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1400" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Studies64" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_studies" title="Celtic studies">Studies</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_Ireland" title="Gaelic Ireland">Gaelic Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1l_Riata" title="Dál Riata">Dálriata</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Alba" title="Kingdom of Alba">Alba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Iron_Age" title="British Iron Age">Iron Age Britain</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brigantia_(ancient_region)" title="Brigantia (ancient region)">Brigantia (ancient region)</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roman_Britain" title="Roman Britain">Roman Britain</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sub-Roman_Britain" title="Sub-Roman Britain">Sub-Roman Britain</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dumnonia" title="Dumnonia">Dumnonia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hen_Ogledd" title="Hen Ogledd">Hen Ogledd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaul" title="Gaul">Iron Age Gaul</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roman_Gaul" title="Roman Gaul">Roman Gaul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britonia" title="Britonia">Britonia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armorica" title="Armorica">Armorica</a> / <a href="/wiki/Domnon%C3%A9e" title="Domnonée">Domnonée</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallaecia" title="Gallaecia">Gallaecia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisalpine_Gaul" title="Cisalpine Gaul">Cisalpine Gaul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_settlement_of_Southeast_Europe" title="Celtic settlement of Southeast Europe">Balkans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celts_in_Transylvania" title="Celts in Transylvania">Transylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galatia" title="Galatia">Galatia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ancient religion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Celtic_paganism" title="Proto-Celtic paganism">Proto-Celtic religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Celtic_religion" title="Ancient Celtic religion">Celtic polytheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_deities" title="Celtic deities">Celtic deities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Animism" title="Celtic Animism">Celtic Animism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_mythology" title="Celtic mythology">Celtic mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Christianity" title="Celtic Christianity">Celtic Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Rite" title="Celtic Rite">Celtic Rites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_stone_idols" title="Celtic stone idols">Celtic stone idolss</a>* <a href="/wiki/Druid" title="Druid">Druids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_Monasticism" class="mw-redirect" title="Insular Monasticism">Monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romano-Celtic_temple" title="Romano-Celtic temple">Romano-Celtic temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Celtic_pagan_practices" title="Template:Celtic pagan practices">Practices</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mythology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_mythology" title="Irish mythology">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_mythology" title="Scottish mythology">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_mythology" title="Welsh mythology">Welsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matter_of_Britain" title="Matter of Britain">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breton_mythology" title="Breton mythology">Breton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_mythology" title="Cornish mythology">Cornish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bard" title="Bard">Bard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brehon" title="Brehon">Brehon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_calendar" title="Celtic calendar">Celtic calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Celtic_festivals" title="List of Celtic festivals">Celtic festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Celtic_women" title="Ancient Celtic women">Celtic women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celticisation" title="Celticisation">Celticisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Name" title="Chief of the Name">Chief of the Name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derbfine" title="Derbfine">Derbfine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druid" title="Druid">Druid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_clan_chief" title="Scottish clan chief">Clan chief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelicisation" title="Gaelicisation">Gaelicisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Irish_astrology" title="Early Irish astrology">Gaelic astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A1inne" title="Fáinne">Fáinne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fili" class="mw-redirect" title="Fili">Fili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_law" title="Celtic law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanistry" title="Tanistry">Tanistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seancha%C3%AD" title="Seanchaí">Seanchaí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sept" title="Sept">Sept</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BAath" title="Túath">Túath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vates" title="Vates">Vates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_warfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Celtic warfare">Warfare</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gaelic_warfare" title="Gaelic warfare">Gaelic</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_coinage" title="Celtic coinage">Coinage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Modern_Celts31" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Celts_(modern)" title="Celts (modern)">Modern Celts</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Revival" title="Celtic Revival">Celtic Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_nations" title="Celtic nations">Celtic nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Celticism" title="Pan-Celticism">Pan-Celticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Congress" title="Celtic Congress">Celtic Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_League" title="Celtic League">Celtic League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_union" title="Celtic union">Celtic union</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_music" title="Celtic music">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_rock" title="Celtic rock">Rock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Celtic_Christianity" title="Neo-Celtic Christianity">Neo-Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_neopaganism" title="Celtic neopaganism">Neopaganism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Wicca" title="Celtic Wicca">Celtic Wicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druidry_(modern)" title="Druidry (modern)">Neo-Druidism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Nations26" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_nations" title="Celtic nations">Nations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_League" title="Celtic League">Celtic League</a> definition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a> (<span title="Breton-language text"><i lang="br">Breizh</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a> (<span title="Cornish-language text"><i lang="kw">Kernow</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> (<span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">Éire</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a> (<span title="Manx-language text"><i lang="gv">Mannin</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> (<span title="Scottish Gaelic-language text"><i lang="gd">Alba</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> (<span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy">Cymru</i></span>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other claimants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y_Wladfa" title="Y Wladfa">Y Wladfa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Culture7" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Culture</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_literature" title="Celtic literature">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matter_of_Britain" title="Matter of Britain">Arthurian Legend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_bardic_poetry" title="Irish bardic poetry">Bardic Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breton_literature" title="Breton literature">Breton literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_literature" title="Cornish literature">Cornish literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_literature" title="Irish literature">Irish literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_literature" title="Manx literature">Manx literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_literature" title="Scottish literature">Scottish literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh-language_literature" title="Welsh-language literature">Welsh-language literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_literature_in_English" title="Welsh literature in English">Welsh literature in English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Irish_literature" title="Early Irish literature">Early Irish literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_annals" title="Irish annals">Irish annals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_literature" title="Gaelic literature">Gaelic literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_literature" title="Scottish Gaelic literature">Scottish Gaelic literature</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National cultures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Brittany" title="Culture of Brittany">Brittany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Cornwall" title="Culture of Cornwall">Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Ireland" title="Culture of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Culture of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Scotland" title="Culture of Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Wales" title="Culture of Wales">Wales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_art" title="Celtic art">Art</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bell_shrine" title="Bell shrine">Bell shrines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_brooch" title="Celtic brooch">Brooches</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dragonesque_brooch" title="Dragonesque brooch">Dragonesque</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnyx" title="Carnyx">Carnyx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_cross" title="Celtic cross">Celtic cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_knot" title="Celtic knot">Knotwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_cross" title="High cross">High crosses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_art" title="Insular art">Insular art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interlace_(art)" title="Interlace (art)">Interlace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_leaf-crown" title="Celtic leaf-crown">Leaf-crowns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_maze" title="Celtic maze">Mazes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pictish_stone" title="Pictish stone">Pictish stones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torc" title="Torc">Torcs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triskelion" title="Triskelion">Triple spiral</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Clothing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Dress" class="mw-redirect" title="Celtic Dress">Celtic Dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_dress" title="Highland dress">Highland dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_clothing" title="Irish clothing">Gaelic clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartan" title="Tartan">Tartan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Welsh_costume" title="Traditional Welsh costume">Traditional Welsh costume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_hat" title="Welsh hat">Welsh hat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional cultures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_Ireland" title="Gaelic Ireland">Gaelic culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Highlands" title="Scottish Highlands">Highland culture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_music" title="Celtic music">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Celtic_music" title="Ancient Celtic music">Ancient Celtic music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Brittany" title="Music of Brittany">Breton Folk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_folk_music" title="Gaelic folk music">Gaelic music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_traditional_music" title="Irish traditional music">Irish folk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_folk_music" title="Scottish folk music">Scottish folk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_folk_music" title="Welsh folk music">Welsh folk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean-n%C3%B3s_singing" title="Sean-nós singing">Sean-nós singing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnyx" title="Carnyx">Carnyx</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="National_music_scenes21" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National music scenes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Brittany" title="Music of Brittany">Brittany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cornwall" title="Music of Cornwall">Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_music_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Folk music of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Music of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Scotland" title="Music of Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Wales" title="Music of Wales">Wales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Celtic_festivals" title="List of Celtic festivals">Festivals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_calendar" title="Celtic calendar">Calendar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samhain" title="Samhain">Samhain</a>/<a href="/wiki/Calan_Gaeaf" title="Calan Gaeaf">Calan Gaeaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imbolc" title="Imbolc">Imbolc</a>/<a href="/wiki/G%C5%B5yl_Fair_y_Canhwyllau" title="Gŵyl Fair y Canhwyllau">Gŵyl Fair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beltane" title="Beltane">Beltane</a>/<a href="/wiki/Calan_Mai" title="Calan Mai">Calan Mai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lughnasadh" title="Lughnasadh">Lughnasadh</a>/<a href="/wiki/Gathering_Day" title="Gathering Day">Calan Awst</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festival_Interceltique_de_Lorient" title="Festival Interceltique de Lorient">Festival Interceltique de Lorient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_Celtic_Festival" title="Pan Celtic Festival">Pan Celtic Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebridean_Celtic_Festival" title="Hebridean Celtic Festival">Hebridean Celtic Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Connections" title="Celtic Connections">Celtic Connections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Media_Festival" title="Celtic Media Festival">Celtic Media Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisteddfod" title="Eisteddfod">Eisteddfod</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bando_(sport)" title="Bando (sport)">Bando</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bataireacht" class="mw-redirect" title="Bataireacht">Bataireacht</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camogie" title="Camogie">Camogie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cammag" title="Cammag">Cammag</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cnapan" title="Cnapan">Cnapan</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_hurling" title="Cornish hurling">Cornish hurling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_wrestling" title="Cornish wrestling">Cornish wrestling</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Curling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_football" title="Gaelic football">Gaelic football</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ladies%27_Gaelic_football" title="Ladies' Gaelic football">Ladies'</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_handball" title="Gaelic handball">Gaelic handball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gouren" title="Gouren">Gouren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rounders" title="Rounders">Rounders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_games" title="Highland games">Highland games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurling" title="Hurling">Hurling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_road_bowling" title="Irish road bowling">Road bowls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinty" title="Shinty">Shinty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_handball" title="Welsh handball">Welsh handball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Politics56" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Politics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nationalism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breton_nationalism" title="Breton nationalism">Breton nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Breton_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Breton nationalism">history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reunification_of_Brittany" title="Reunification of Brittany">reunification</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_nationalism" title="Cornish nationalism">Cornish nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_status_of_Cornwall" title="Constitutional status of Cornwall">status</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_nationalism" title="Irish nationalism">Irish nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Manx nationalism">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_status_of_Orkney,_Shetland_and_the_Western_Isles" title="Constitutional status of Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles">Constitutional status of Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_nationalism" title="Scottish nationalism">Scottish nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_national_identity" title="Scottish national identity">national identity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_nationalism" title="Welsh nationalism">Welsh nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_national_identity" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh national identity">national identity</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_devolution" title="Cornish devolution">Cornish devolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_devolution" title="Scottish devolution">Scottish devolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_devolution" title="Welsh devolution">Welsh devolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breton_independence" class="mw-redirect" title="Breton independence">Breton independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_independence" title="Scottish independence">Scottish independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_independence" title="Welsh independence">Welsh independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Ireland" title="United Ireland">United Ireland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Irish_republicanism" title="Irish republicanism">Irish republicanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pan-Celticism" title="Pan-Celticism">Pan-Celticism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_League" title="Celtic League">Celtic League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Congress" title="Celtic Congress">Celtic Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Revival" title="Celtic Revival">Celtic Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_society" title="Celtic society">Celtic society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_unity" class="mw-redirect" title="Celtic unity">Celtic unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columba_Project" title="Columba Project">Columba Project</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Languages175" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_languages" title="Celtic languages">Languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Brittonic_languages" title="Brittonic languages">Brittonic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breton_language" title="Breton language">Breton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_language" title="Cornish language">Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Goidelic_languages" title="Goidelic languages">Goidelic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_language" title="Manx language">Manx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mixed_language" title="Mixed language">Mixed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shelta" title="Shelta">Shelta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bungi_dialect" title="Bungi dialect">Bungi Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beurla_Reagaird" title="Beurla Reagaird">Beurla Reagaird</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Continental_Celtic_languages" title="Continental Celtic languages">Ancient Celtic languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Extinct_language" title="Extinct language">Extinct</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Celtic_language" title="Proto-Celtic language">Proto-Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Brittonic" title="Common Brittonic">Proto-Brittonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primitive_Irish" title="Primitive Irish">Proto-Goidelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtiberian_language" title="Celtiberian language">Celtiberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaulish" title="Gaulish">Gaulish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galatian_language" title="Galatian language">Galatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallaecian_language" title="Gallaecian language">Gallaecian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepontic_language" title="Lepontic language">Lepontic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noric_language" title="Noric language">Noric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumbric" title="Cumbric">Cumbric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pictish_language" title="Pictish language">Pictish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispano-Celtic_languages" title="Hispano-Celtic languages">Hispano-Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisalpine_Gaulish" title="Cisalpine Gaulish">Cisalpine Gaulish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a> dialects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arran_Gaelic" title="Arran Gaelic">Arran Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deeside_Gaelic" title="Deeside Gaelic">Deeside Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galwegian_Gaelic" title="Galwegian Gaelic">Galwegian Gaelic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Law_and_Warfare109" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_law" title="Celtic law">Law</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Celtic_warfare" title="Ancient Celtic warfare">Warfare</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_law" title="Celtic law">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Irish_law" title="Early Irish law">Early Irish law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyfraith_Hywel" title="Cyfraith Hywel">Cyfraith Hywel</a> (Medieval Welsh law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Scots_law" title="History of Scots law">Early Scots law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Celtic_warfare" title="Ancient Celtic warfare">Warfare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_warfare" title="Gaelic warfare">Gaelic warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cateran" title="Cateran">Ceathairne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kern_(soldier)" title="Kern (soldier)">Ceithearn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fianna" title="Fianna">Fianna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaesatae" title="Gaesatae">Gaesatae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallowglass" title="Gallowglass">Gallóglaigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hobelar" title="Hobelar">Hobelar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redshank_(soldier)" title="Redshank (soldier)">Redshanks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimarcisia" title="Trimarcisia">Trimarcisia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Lists332" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Lists</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Celtic_peoples_and_tribes" title="List of ancient Celtic peoples and tribes">Tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Celtic_deities" title="List of Celtic deities">Deities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_English_words_of_Celtic_origin" title="Lists of English words of Celtic origin">Celtic words in English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_words_of_Celtic_origin" title="List of Spanish words of Celtic origin">– in Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Galician_words_of_Celtic_origin" title="List of Galician words of Celtic origin">– in Galician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_words_of_Gaulish_origin" title="List of French words of Gaulish origin">Gaulish words in French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Celtic_place_names_in_Galicia" title="List of Celtic place names in Galicia">Celtic place names in Galicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Celtic_place_names_in_Italy" title="List of Celtic place names in Italy">– in Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Celtic_place_names_in_Portugal" title="List of Celtic place names in Portugal">– in Portugal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Celts" title="Portal:Celts">Celts portal</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a 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