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class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E6%B0%B4" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E6%B0%B4" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-概念" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#概念"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>概念</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-概念-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-性质" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#性质"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>性质</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-性质-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关性质子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-性质-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-物理性质" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#物理性质"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>物理性质</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-物理性质-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-化学性质" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#化学性质"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>化学性质</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-化学性质-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-分布" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#分布"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>分布</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-分布-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关分布子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-分布-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-在地球上" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#在地球上"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>在地球上</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-在地球上-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-在宇宙中" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#在宇宙中"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>在宇宙中</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-在宇宙中-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-水科学" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#水科学"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>水科学</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-水科学-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-意义与影响" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#意义与影响"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>意义与影响</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-意义与影响-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关意义与影响子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-意义与影响-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-对气候" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#对气候"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>对气候</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-对气候-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-对地形" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#对地形"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>对地形</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-对地形-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-对生物" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#对生物"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>对生物</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-对生物-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-对人类" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#对人类"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>对人类</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-对人类-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-水資源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#水資源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>水資源</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-水資源-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关水資源子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-水資源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-來源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#來源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>來源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-來源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-水循环" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#水循环"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.1</span> <span>水循环</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-水循环-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-功用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#功用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>功用</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-功用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-儲存" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#儲存"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>儲存</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-儲存-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-節約" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#節約"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>節約</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-節約-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-造水" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#造水"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>造水</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-造水-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-汙染" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#汙染"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>汙染</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-汙染-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-水文化" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#水文化"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>水文化</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-水文化-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关水文化子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-水文化-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-古代世界观中的水" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#古代世界观中的水"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>古代世界观中的水</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-古代世界观中的水-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-水崇拜" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#水崇拜"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>水崇拜</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-水崇拜-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-水文逸" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#水文逸"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>水文逸</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-水文逸-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参見" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参見"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>参見</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参見-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考資料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考資料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>参考資料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考資料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-延伸阅读" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#延伸阅读"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>延伸阅读</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-延伸阅读-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">水</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。271种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-271" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">271种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D3%A1%D1%8B" title="Аӡы – 阿布哈西亚语" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Аӡы" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="阿布哈西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water" title="Water – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Water" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasser" title="Wasser – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Wasser" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%8D%E1%88%83" title="ውሃ – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ውሃ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanum" title="Nanum – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Nanum" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augua" title="Augua – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Augua" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%A6ter" title="Wæter – 古英语" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Wæter" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="古英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mun%CC%84" title="Mun̄ – 奥博洛语" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Mun̄" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="奥博洛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A1" title="ماء – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ماء" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A1%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܡܝܐ – 阿拉米语" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܡܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="阿拉米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7" title="ما – 摩洛哥阿拉伯文" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ما" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="摩洛哥阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%87" title="ميه – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ميه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80" title="পানী – 阿萨姆语" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="পানী" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿萨姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agua" title="Agua – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Agua" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nipi" title="Nipi – 阿提卡米克语" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Nipi" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="阿提卡米克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8A%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Лъим – 阿瓦尔语" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Лъим" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="阿瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="पानी – 阿瓦德语" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="पानी" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="阿瓦德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uma" title="Uma – 艾马拉语" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Uma" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="艾马拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su" title="Su – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Su" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88" title="سو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D1%8B%D1%83" title="Һыу – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Һыу" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toya" title="Toya – 巴厘语" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Toya" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="巴厘语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wossa" title="Wossa – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Wossa" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ondou" title="Ondou – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Ondou" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aek" title="Aek – 巴塔克托巴文" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Aek" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="巴塔克托巴文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tubig" title="Tubig – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tubig" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bdr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bdr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buek" title="Buek – West Coast Bajau" lang="bdr" hreflang="bdr" data-title="Buek" data-language-autonym="Bajau Sama" data-language-local-name="West Coast Bajau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bajau Sama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Вада – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вада" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Вада – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вада" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%A8r" title="Aèr – 貝塔維文" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Aèr" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="貝塔維文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Вода – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Вода" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="पानी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="पानी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wota" title="Wota – 比斯拉马语" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Wota" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="比斯拉马语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banyu" title="Banyu – 班亞爾文" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Banyu" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="班亞爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%91%E1%80%AE" title="ထီ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ထီ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ji" title="Ji – 班巴拉语" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Ji" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="班巴拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF" title="পানি – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পানি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8D" title="ཆུ། – 藏语" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཆུ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="藏语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dour" title="Dour – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Dour" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voda" title="Voda – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Voda" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D2%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Уһан – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Уһан" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aigua" title="Aigua – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Aigua" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agwa" title="Agwa – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Agwa" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C5%ABi" title="Cūi – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Cūi" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8" title="Хи – 车臣语" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Хи" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="车臣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tubig" title="Tubig – 宿务语" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Tubig" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿务语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A5nom" title="Hånom – 查莫罗语" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Hånom" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="查莫罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A0%E1%8E%B9" title="ᎠᎹ – 切罗基语" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎠᎹ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="切罗基语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahpe" title="Mahpe – 夏延语" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Mahpe" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="夏延语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%88" title="ئاو – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئاو" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acqua" title="Acqua – 科西嘉语" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Acqua" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="科西嘉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suv" title="Suv – 克里米亚鞑靼语" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Suv" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="克里米亚鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voda" title="Voda – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Voda" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Вода – 教会斯拉夫语" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Вода" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="教会斯拉夫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Шыв – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Шыв" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%B5r" title="Dŵr – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Dŵr" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vand" title="Vand – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Vand" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasser" title="Wasser – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wasser" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dga mw-list-item"><a href="https://dga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C9%94" title="Koɔ – Dagaare" lang="dga" hreflang="dga" data-title="Koɔ" data-language-autonym="Dagaare" data-language-local-name="Dagaare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagaare</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piu" title="Piu – 丁卡语" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Piu" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="丁卡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awe" title="Awe – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Awe" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%B3da" title="Wóda – 下索布语" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Wóda" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="下索布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waig" title="Waig – 中部杜順文" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Waig" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="中部杜順文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF" title="पानि – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="पानि" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8A%DE%AC%DE%82%DE%B0" title="ފެން – 迪维希语" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ފެން" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="迪维希语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%8C" title="Νερό – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νερό" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqua" title="Aqua – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Aqua" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water" title="Water – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Water" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akvo" title="Akvo – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Akvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agua" title="Agua – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Agua" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesi" title="Vesi – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vesi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ur" title="Ur – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ur" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agua" title="Agua – 埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Agua" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A8" title="آب – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آب" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndiyam" title="Ndiyam – 富拉语" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Ndiyam" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="富拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesi" title="Vesi – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vesi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesi" title="Vesi – 佛羅文" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Vesi" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="佛羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wai" title="Wai – 斐济语" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Wai" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="斐济语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatn" title="Vatn – 法罗语" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Vatn" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="法罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fon mw-list-item"><a href="https://fon.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ACn" title="Sìn – 丰语" lang="fon" hreflang="fon" data-title="Sìn" data-language-autonym="Fɔ̀ngbè" data-language-local-name="丰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fɔ̀ngbè</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eau" title="Eau – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Eau" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weeder" title="Weeder – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Weeder" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aghe" title="Aghe – 弗留利语" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Aghe" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="弗留利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetter" title="Wetter – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Wetter" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uisce" title="Uisce – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Uisce" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B4" title="水 – 赣语" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="水" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="赣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilo" title="Dilo – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Dilo" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uisge" title="Uisge – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Uisge" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auga" title="Auga – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Auga" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%88" title="آو – 吉拉基文" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="آو" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="吉拉基文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y" title="Y – 瓜拉尼语" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Y" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%95" title="उदक – 孔卡尼文" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="उदक" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="孔卡尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%85%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8D%89" title="𐍅𐌰𐍄𐍉 – 哥特语" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍅𐌰𐍄𐍉" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="哥特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A3%E0%AB%80" title="પાણી – 古吉拉特语" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="પાણી" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="古吉拉特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ushtey" title="Ushtey – 马恩语" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Ushtey" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="马恩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruwa" title="Ruwa – 豪萨语" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Ruwa" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BAi" title="Súi – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Súi" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9D" title="מים – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B2" title="जल – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paani" title="Paani – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Paani" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voda" title="Voda – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Voda" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woda" title="Woda – 上索布语" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Woda" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="上索布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dlo" title="Dlo – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Dlo" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%ADz" title="Víz – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Víz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80" title="Ջուր – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջուր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80" title="Ջուր – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ջուր" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqua" title="Aqua – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Aqua" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ai" title="Ai – 伊班语" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Ai" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="伊班语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air" title="Air – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Air" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqua" title="Aqua – 国际文字（E）" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Aqua" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="国际文字（E）" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mmiri" title="Mmiri – 伊博语" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Mmiri" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="伊博语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danum" title="Danum – 伊洛卡诺语" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Danum" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛卡诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Хий – 印古什语" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Хий" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="印古什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquo" title="Aquo – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Aquo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatn" title="Vatn – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Vatn" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acqua" title="Acqua – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Acqua" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%83%E1%92%AA%E1%96%85" title="ᐃᒪᖅ – 因纽特语" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐃᒪᖅ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="因纽特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B4" title="水 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="水" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waata" title="Waata – 牙買加克里奧爾英文" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Waata" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="牙買加克里奧爾英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/djacu" title="djacu – 逻辑语" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="djacu" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="逻辑语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banyu" title="Banyu – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Banyu" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AC%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="წყალი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="წყალი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suw" title="Suw – 卡拉卡尔帕克语" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Suw" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="卡拉卡尔帕克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aman" title="Aman – 卡拜尔语" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Aman" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="卡拜尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C9%A9m" title="Lɩm – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Lɩm" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CC%B1sa%CC%B1khwot" title="A̱sa̱khwot – 卡塔布语" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="A̱sa̱khwot" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="卡塔布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maza" title="Maza – 刚果语" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Maza" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="刚果语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uwai" title="Uwai – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Uwai" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maa%C4%A9" title="Maaĩ – 吉库尤语" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Maaĩ" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="吉库尤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83" title="Су – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Су" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B9%E1%9E%80" title="ទឹក – 高棉语" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ទឹក" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="高棉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%81" title="ನೀರು – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ನೀರು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AC%BC" title="물 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="물" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A0_%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%A2%D8%A8" title="پونؠ یا آب – 克什米尔语" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="پونؠ یا آب" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="克什米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasser" title="Wasser – 科隆语" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Wasser" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="科隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Av" title="Av – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Av" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dowr" title="Dowr – 康沃尔语" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Dowr" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康沃尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%83" title="Суу – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Суу" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqua" title="Aqua – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Aqua" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agua" title="Agua – 拉迪诺语" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Agua" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="拉迪诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waasser" title="Waasser – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Waasser" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B4" title="Яд – 列兹金语" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Яд" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="列兹金语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acua" title="Acua – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Acua" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazzi" title="Amazzi – 卢干达语" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Amazzi" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="卢干达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water" title="Water – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Water" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86goa" title="Ægoa – 利古里亚语" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Ægoa" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="利古里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88ga" title="Èga – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Èga" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqua" title="Aqua – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Aqua" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1i" title="Mái – 林加拉语" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Mái" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="林加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%89%E0%BB%8D%E0%BA%B2" title="ນ້ໍາ – 老挝语" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ນ້ໍາ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="老挝语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanduo" title="Vanduo – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vanduo" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iudi%C5%86s" title="Iudiņs – 拉特加萊文" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Iudiņs" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="拉特加萊文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%AAdens" title="Ūdens – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ūdens" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="पानी – 迈蒂利语" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="पानी" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="迈蒂利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banyu" title="Banyu – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Banyu" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8C" title="Ведь – 莫克沙语" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Ведь" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="莫克沙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rano" title="Rano – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Rano" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wai" title="Wai – 毛利语" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Wai" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="毛利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aia" title="Aia – 米南佳保语" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Aia" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="米南佳保语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Вода – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Вода" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%82" title="ജലം – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജലം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%81" title="Ус – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Ус" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%A1" title="ꯏꯁꯤꯡ – 曼尼普尔语" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯏꯁꯤꯡ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="曼尼普尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80" title="पाणी – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पाणी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air" title="Air – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Air" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auga" title="Auga – 米兰德斯语" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Auga" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="米兰德斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1" title="ရေ – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရေ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8C" title="Ведь – 厄尔兹亚语" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Ведь" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="厄尔兹亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D9%88" title="ئو – 马赞德兰语" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ئو" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="马赞德兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atl" title="Atl – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Atl" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acqua" title="Acqua – 那不勒斯语" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Acqua" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="那不勒斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water" title="Water – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Water" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woater" title="Woater – 低萨克森语" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Woater" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="低萨克森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="पानी – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पानी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%83" title="लः – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="लः" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water" title="Water – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Water" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatn" title="Vatn – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Vatn" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vann" title="Vann – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Vann" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%96%DF%8C" title="ߖߌ – 西非书面文字" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߖߌ" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="西非书面文字" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ieau" title="Ieau – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Ieau" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B3" title="Tó – 纳瓦霍语" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Tó" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="纳瓦霍语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aiga" title="Aiga – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Aiga" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vezi" title="Vezi – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Vezi" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishaan" title="Bishaan – 奥罗莫语" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Bishaan" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="奥罗莫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%9C%E0%AC%B3" title="ଜଳ – 奥里亚语" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଜଳ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="奥里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Дон – 奥塞梯语" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Дон" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奥塞梯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%80" title="ਪਾਣੀ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪਾਣੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danum" title="Danum – 邦板牙语" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Danum" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="邦板牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awa" title="Awa – 帕皮阿门托语" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Awa" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="帕皮阿门托语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ieu" title="Ieu – 庇卡底文" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Ieu" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="庇卡底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasser" title="Wasser – 賓夕法尼亞德文" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Wasser" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="賓夕法尼亞德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasser" title="Wasser – 普法爾茨德文" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Wasser" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="普法爾茨德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worta" title="Worta – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Worta" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woda" title="Woda – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Woda" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eva" title="Eva – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Eva" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%DD%A8%DB%8C" title="پاݨی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پاݨی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%87" title="اوبه – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اوبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81gua" title="Água – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Água" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaku" title="Yaku – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Yaku" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ap%C4%83" title="Apă – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Apă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ap%C3%A2" title="Apâ – 阿罗马尼亚语" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Apâ" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="阿罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Вода – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вода" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Вода – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Вода" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazi" title="Amazi – 卢旺达语" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Amazi" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="卢旺达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="जलम् – 梵语" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="जलम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="梵语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%83" title="Уу – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Уу" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9C" title="ᱫᱟᱜ – 桑塔利语" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱫᱟᱜ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="桑塔利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aba" title="Aba – 萨丁语" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Aba" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="萨丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acqua_(v%C3%ACppita)" title="Acqua (vìppita) – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Acqua (vìppita)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watter" title="Watter – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Watter" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%BB%D9%8A" title="پاڻي – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="پاڻي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8C%C3%A1hci" title="Čáhci – 北方萨米语" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Čáhci" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="北方萨米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voda" title="Voda – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Voda" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aman" title="Aman – 希尔哈语" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Aman" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="希尔哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%BC%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89" title="ၼမ်ႉ – 掸语" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ၼမ်ႉ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="掸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%BA" title="ජලය – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ජලය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water" title="Water – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Water" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voda" title="Voda – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Voda" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%DD%A8%DB%8C" title="پاݨی – 色莱基语" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="پاݨی" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="色莱基语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voda" title="Voda – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Voda" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vai" title="Vai – 萨摩亚语" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Vai" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="萨摩亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mvura" title="Mvura – 绍纳语" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Mvura" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="绍纳语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biyo" title="Biyo – 索马里语" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Biyo" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索马里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uji" title="Uji – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Uji" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Вода – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Вода" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metsi" title="Metsi – 南索托语" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Metsi" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="南索托语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woater" title="Woater – 沙特菲士蘭文" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Woater" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="沙特菲士蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cai" title="Cai – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Cai" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatten" title="Vatten – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vatten" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maji" title="Maji – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Maji" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woda" title="Woda – 西里西亚语" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Woda" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="西里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/nanum" title="nanum – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="nanum" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="நீர் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நீர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%80%99sya" title="’sya – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="’sya" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D" title="ನೀರ್ – 圖盧文" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ನೀರ್" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="圖盧文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81" title="నీరు – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="నీరు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1" title="Об – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Об" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3" title="น้ำ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="น้ำ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suw" title="Suw – 土库曼语" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Suw" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="土库曼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tubig" title="Tubig – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Tubig" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vai" title="Vai – 汤加语" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Vai" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="汤加语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wara" title="Wara – 托克皮辛语" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Wara" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="托克皮辛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su" title="Su – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Su" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qsiya" title="Qsiya – 赛德克语" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Qsiya" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="赛德克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mati" title="Mati – 聪加语" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Mati" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="聪加语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83" title="Су – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Су" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nsuo" title="Nsuo – 契维语" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Nsuo" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="契维语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83" title="Ву – 乌德穆尔特语" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Ву" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="乌德穆尔特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%87" title="سۇ – 维吾尔语" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="سۇ" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="维吾尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Вода – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вода" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="پانی – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پانی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suv" title="Suv – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Suv" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80cua" title="Àcua – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Àcua" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vezi" title="Vezi – 维普森语" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Vezi" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="维普森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc" title="Nước – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nước" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woater" title="Woater – 西佛蘭德文" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Woater" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="西佛蘭德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vat" title="Vat – 沃拉普克语" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Vat" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="沃拉普克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aiwe_(tchimeye)" title="Aiwe (tchimeye) – 瓦隆语" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Aiwe (tchimeye)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tubig" title="Tubig – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tubig" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndox" title="Ndox – 沃洛夫语" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Ndox" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="沃洛夫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B4" title="水 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="水" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanzi" title="Amanzi – 科萨语" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Amanzi" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="科萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AC%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="წყარი – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="წყარი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="וואסער – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="וואסער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omi" title="Omi – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Omi" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raemx" title="Raemx – 壮语" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Raemx" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="壮语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8E%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F" title="ⴰⵎⴰⵏ – 标准摩洛哥塔马塞特语" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⵎⴰⵏ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="标准摩洛哥塔马塞特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B4" title="水 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="水" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%BAi" title="Chúi – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chúi" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B4" title="水 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="水" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanzi" title="Amanzi – 祖鲁语" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Amanzi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="祖鲁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q283#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E6%B0%B4" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E6%B0%B4" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E6%B0%B4" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E6%B0%B4" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E6%B0%B4" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E6%B0%B4" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E6%B0%B4" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E6%B0%B4" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E6%B0%B4" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E6%B0%B4" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E6%B0%B4" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E6%B0%B4" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4&oldid=85032278" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E6%B0%B4&id=85032278&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E6%25B0%25B4"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E6%25B0%25B4"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E6%B0%B4&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Water" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikiquote.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B4" hreflang="zh"><span>维基语录</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q283" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74069148">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .ifmobile>.mobile{display:none}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .ifmobile>.nomobile{display:inherit;display:initial}</style><span class="ifmobile"><span class="nomobile">  </span><span class="mobile"></span></span>此條目介紹的是<b>水</b>這種<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E8%B3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="物質">物質</a>。关于水的<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="物理化学">物理化学</a>性質，请见「<b><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E7%9A%84%E6%80%A7%E8%B3%AA" title="水的性質">水的性質</a></b>」。关于「水」的其他涵義，请见「<b><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4_(%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E7%BE%A9)" class="mw-disambig" title="水 (消歧義)">水 (消歧義)</a></b>」。</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84596247">.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text{width:95%;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-content{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox{border:none;border-collapse:collapse;background-color:transparent;margin:0 0 0 1.6em!important;padding:0!important;width:auto;display:block}body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox.mbox-small-left{font-size:100%;width:auto;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text{padding:0!important;margin:0!important}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text-span{display:list-item;line-height:1.5em;list-style-type:disc}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-image,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-imageright,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{display:none}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732972">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-问题条目 plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible"><b>本條目存在以下問題</b>，請協助<b><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4&action=edit">改善本條目</a></b>或在<b><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E6%B0%B4" title="Talk:水">討論頁</a></b>針對議題發表看法。 <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Refimprove plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/45px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/68px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/90px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>需要补充更多<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">来源</a></b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2024年3月12日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>请协助補充多方面<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">可靠来源</a>以<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4&action=edit">改善这篇条目</a>，<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:可供查证">无法查证</a>的内容可能會因為<a href="/wiki/Template:Fact" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Fact">异议提出</a>而被移除。<br />致使用者：请搜索一下条目的标题（来源搜索：<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?&as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22%E6%B0%B4%22">"水"</a> — <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?q=%22%E6%B0%B4%22">网页</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=&as_src=-newswire+-wire+-presswire+-PR+-press+-release+-wikipedia&q=%22%E6%B0%B4%22">新闻</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?&as_brr=0&as_pub=-icon&q=%22%E6%B0%B4%22">书籍</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//scholar.google.com/scholar?&q=%22%E6%B0%B4%22">学术</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=isch&safe=off&q=%22%E6%B0%B4%22">图像</a></span>），以检查网络上是否存在该主题的更多可靠来源（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">判定指引</a>）。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Lead_too_short plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-lead_too_short" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/60px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/80px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="44" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此条目<b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8A/%E5%BA%8F%E8%A8%80%E7%AB%A0%E7%AF%80" title="Wikipedia:格式手冊/序言章節">序言章节</a>没有充分<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%91%98%E8%A6%81%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F" title="Wikipedia:摘要格式">总结</a>全文内容要点</b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2024年11月19日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>请考虑扩充序言，<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8A/%E5%BA%8F%E8%A8%80%E7%AB%A0%E7%AF%80#提供易讀的總覽" title="Wikipedia:格式手冊/序言章節">清晰概述</a>条目所有重點。请在条目的<a href="/wiki/Talk:%E6%B0%B4" title="Talk:水">讨论页</a>讨论此问题。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Cleanup_rewrite plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ambox_rewrite.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Ambox_rewrite.svg/40px-Ambox_rewrite.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Ambox_rewrite.svg/60px-Ambox_rewrite.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Ambox_rewrite.svg/80px-Ambox_rewrite.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>不符合維基百科的<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C" title="Wikipedia:格式手册">质量标准</a>，需要完全重寫。</b><span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2024年11月19日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>請在<a href="/wiki/Talk:%E6%B0%B4" title="Talk:水">討論頁</a>中討論相關議題，並參考<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%9B%B4%E4%BC%98%E7%A7%80%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE%E5%86%99%E4%BD%9C%E6%8C%87%E5%8D%97" title="Wikipedia:更优秀条目写作指南">更优秀条目写作指南</a>。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div><span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r70089473/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Water_drop_impact_on_a_water-surface_-_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Water_drop_impact_on_a_water-surface_-_%282%29.jpg/200px-Water_drop_impact_on_a_water-surface_-_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Water_drop_impact_on_a_water-surface_-_%282%29.jpg/300px-Water_drop_impact_on_a_water-surface_-_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Water_drop_impact_on_a_water-surface_-_%282%29.jpg/400px-Water_drop_impact_on_a_water-surface_-_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%B2%E6%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="液態">液態</a>水的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%BB%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="水滴">水滴</a>，以及因某物從水面掉落而在水中產生的凹陷和反彈</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ice_Block,_Canal_Park,_Duluth_(32752478892).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Ice_Block%2C_Canal_Park%2C_Duluth_%2832752478892%29.jpg/200px-Ice_Block%2C_Canal_Park%2C_Duluth_%2832752478892%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Ice_Block%2C_Canal_Park%2C_Duluth_%2832752478892%29.jpg/300px-Ice_Block%2C_Canal_Park%2C_Duluth_%2832752478892%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Ice_Block%2C_Canal_Park%2C_Duluth_%2832752478892%29.jpg/400px-Ice_Block%2C_Canal_Park%2C_Duluth_%2832752478892%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4361" data-file-height="2907" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">一塊<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E6%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="固態">固態</a>水（<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0" title="冰">冰</a>）</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Monterrey_Mexico_Clouds.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Monterrey_Mexico_Clouds.jpg/200px-Monterrey_Mexico_Clouds.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Monterrey_Mexico_Clouds.jpg/300px-Monterrey_Mexico_Clouds.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Monterrey_Mexico_Clouds.jpg/400px-Monterrey_Mexico_Clouds.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="3120" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%A3%E5%B1%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="地球大氣層">地球大氣層</a>中的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="雲">雲</a>由<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E6%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="氣態">氣態</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E8%92%B8%E6%B0%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="水蒸氣">水蒸氣</a>凝結而成。</div></div></div></div></div> <p><b>水</b>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%BC%8F" title="化学式">化学式</a>：H<sub>2</sub>O）是一种<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E6%9C%BA%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="无机化合物">无机化合物</a>，在<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%B8%E6%B8%A9" title="常温">常温</a>且无<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%82%E8%B4%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="杂质">杂质</a>中是无色无味不导电的透明<a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%B2%E4%BD%93" title="液体">液体</a>，也会通过<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%B8%E5%8F%91" title="蒸发">蒸发</a>产生<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E6%80%81" class="mw-redirect" title="气态">气态</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E8%92%B8%E6%B0%94" title="水蒸气">水蒸气</a>（这种蒸发可以发生在任何<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%BA%A6" title="温度">温度</a>下，同时取决于与<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E6%B0%94" title="空气">空气</a>接触的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E9%9D%A2%E7%A7%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="表面积">表面积</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%BF%E5%BA%A6" title="湿度">湿度</a>差）。在<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94%E5%8E%8B" title="标准大气压">标准大气压</a>下，水的<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%9D%E5%9B%BA%E7%82%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="凝固点">凝固点</a>是0 <a href="/wiki/%E6%91%84%E6%B0%8F%E6%B8%A9%E6%A0%87" title="摄氏温标">°C</a>（32 <a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%8F%E6%BA%AB%E6%A8%99" class="mw-redirect" title="華氏溫標">°F</a>；273 <a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8%E6%BA%AB%E6%A8%99" class="mw-redirect" title="熱力學溫標">K</a>），<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B8%E7%82%B9" title="沸点">沸点</a>是100 °C（212 °F；373 K）。 </p><p>水是<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99" title="宇宙">宇宙</a>中最常见的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" title="氢化物">氢化物</a>之一，也是最常见的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" title="氧化物">氧化物</a>——因为氢和氧分别是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E4%B8%B0%E5%BA%A6#宇宙中的元素豐度" class="mw-redirect" title="化学元素丰度">宇宙中第一和第三丰富的元素</a>，是否含有液态水也是<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F%E9%80%82%E5%B1%85%E6%80%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="行星适居性">行星适居性</a>的一个主要指标。水也是<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83" title="地球">地球</a>表面最重要的一种<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E8%B4%A8" title="物质">物质</a>，大约占<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83" title="地球">地球</a>表面的75%~78%。<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%9C%88" title="水圈">水圈</a>是<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E8%B5%B7%E6%BA%90" title="生命起源">生命起源</a>的摇篮，在<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E5%8F%B2" title="生命史">生物演化史</a>中起到重要作用，也是绝大多数<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E7%94%9F%E7%A8%AE" title="現生種">现存物种</a>赖以生存的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%96%E6%81%AF%E5%9C%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="栖息地">栖息地</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%95%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="自然界">自然界</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF" title="水循环">水循环</a>亦是决定<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99" class="mw-redirect" title="气候">气候</a>状态和维系<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%88" title="生物圈">生物圈</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%BA%8C%E6%80%A7" title="可持續性">可持续性</a>的关键因素。水也是<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="生物">生物</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%BA%AB%E4%BD%93" class="mw-redirect" title="身体">身体</a>最重要的组成部分，是<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E8%B4%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="细胞质">细胞质</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%93%E6%B6%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="体液">体液</a>的主要成分，包括<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="人类">人类</a>在内所有<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D" title="物种">物种</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E9%99%B3%E4%BB%A3%E8%AC%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="新陳代謝">新陈代谢</a>也都将水作为必需的重要<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="生理">生理</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B6%E5%89%82" title="溶剂">溶剂</a>。人體內有大約百分之七十的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F" title="质量">质量</a>是水，不同<a href="/wiki/%E5%99%A8%E5%AE%98" title="器官">器官</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87_(%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6)" title="组织 (生物学)">组织</a>的水份含量差別很大。 </p><p>水在<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="文化">文化</a>中也占有很重要的地位，<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="科学">科学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="哲学">哲学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="宗教">宗教</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="文学">文学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%9C%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="美术">美术</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="体育运动">体育</a>等都有其象徵。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="概念"><span id=".E6.A6.82.E5.BF.B5"></span>概念</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：概念"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iceberg_with_hole_near_Sandersons_Hope_2007-07-28_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Iceberg_with_hole_near_Sandersons_Hope_2007-07-28_2.jpg/250px-Iceberg_with_hole_near_Sandersons_Hope_2007-07-28_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Iceberg_with_hole_near_Sandersons_Hope_2007-07-28_2.jpg/375px-Iceberg_with_hole_near_Sandersons_Hope_2007-07-28_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Iceberg_with_hole_near_Sandersons_Hope_2007-07-28_2.jpg/500px-Iceberg_with_hole_near_Sandersons_Hope_2007-07-28_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1176" /></a><figcaption>地球是已知唯一可以同时呈现水的三种状态的<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E7%90%83" class="mw-redirect" title="星球">星球</a>，比如图中的<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B1%B1" title="冰山">冰山</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E6%80%81" class="mw-redirect" title="固态">固态</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B0%B4" title="海水">海水</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%B2%E6%80%81" class="mw-redirect" title="液态">液态</a>）和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E8%92%B8%E6%B0%94" title="水蒸气">水蒸气</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E6%80%81" class="mw-redirect" title="气态">气态</a>，图中透明不可见），图中背景的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%91" title="云">云</a>则是飘浮在<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94%E5%B1%82" title="地球大气层">大气层</a>中的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E6%BA%B6%E8%83%B6" title="气溶胶">气溶胶</a>（空气中<a href="/wiki/%E6%82%AC%E6%B5%8A%E6%B6%B2" title="悬浊液">悬浊</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E7%8F%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="水珠">水珠</a>）集合体</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Splash_2_color.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Splash_2_color.jpg/250px-Splash_2_color.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="324" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Splash_2_color.jpg/375px-Splash_2_color.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Splash_2_color.jpg/500px-Splash_2_color.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1856" data-file-height="2409" /></a><figcaption>水的漣漪</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E4%BD%93" class="mw-redirect" title="水体">水体</a>： <ul><li>大的水体如：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B0%B4" title="海水">海水</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B1%B1" title="冰山">冰山</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B7%9D" title="冰川">冰川</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%8B%E6%B0%B4" title="地下水">地下水</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%A1%A8%E6%B0%B4" title="地表水">地表水</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81" title="河流">河流</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%96%E6%B3%8A" title="湖泊">湖泊</a>）等。</li> <li>小的水体如：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%BB%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="水滴">水滴</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%91" title="云">云</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%B2%E6%B0%B4" title="露水">露水</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%A8" title="雨">雨</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%AA" title="雪">雪</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E9%9B%B9" title="冰雹">冰雹</a>等。</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A5%AE%E7%94%A8%E6%B0%B4" title="饮用水">饮用水</a>：可供饮用的水。<a href="/wiki/%E7%93%B6%E8%A3%9D%E6%B0%B4" title="瓶裝水">瓶装水</a>用於個人使用和零售。 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%BF%E6%B3%89%E6%B0%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="矿泉水">矿泉水</a>：由<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%BF%E6%B3%89" title="矿泉">礦泉</a>涌出或加工成的飲用水<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%9D%A5%E6%B0%B4" title="自来水">自来水</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%8E%82" title="水厂">水厂</a>供给用户的饮用水<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E9%85%B8%E6%B0%B4" title="碳酸水">碳酸水</a>：在壓力下將<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A2%B3" title="二氧化碳">二氧化碳</a>氣體溶入水中的飲料。</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E8%B3%AA" title="水質">水质</a>：水的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E6%80%A7%E8%B4%A8" title="化学性质">化学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E6%80%A7%E8%B4%A8" title="物理性质">物理</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="生物学">生物</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%90%E5%B0%84" title="辐射">辐射</a>性质。<sup id="cite_ref-water_quality_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-water_quality-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E8%B4%A8%E7%A1%AC%E5%BA%A6" title="水质硬度">硬度</a>：水中所含钙和镁的总量<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。分为：软水、中等硬水、硬水、极硬水。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%90%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="盐度">盐度</a>：每一千克的水内的溶解物质的克数。分为：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%A1%E6%B0%B4" title="淡水">淡水</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E7%B4%94%E6%B0%B4" title="超純水">超純水</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%AF%E5%87%80%E6%B0%B4" title="纯净水">纯净水</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%B8%E9%A6%8F%E6%B0%B4" title="蒸馏水">蒸馏水</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%90%E6%B0%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="盐水">盐水</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E5%92%B8%E6%B0%B4" title="半咸水">半咸水</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%B8%E6%B0%B4" title="咸水">咸水</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A4%E6%B0%B4_(%E6%B0%B4%E5%9F%9F)" title="卤水 (水域)">卤水</a>）。<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%90%86%E7%9B%90%E6%B0%B4" title="生理盐水">生理盐水</a>是指<a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%B2%E9%80%8F%E5%A3%93" title="滲透壓">渗透压</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E6%B5%86" title="血浆">血浆</a>相等的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%92%A0" title="氯化钠">氯化钠</a>溶液。</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="水分子">水分子</a>： <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%93%E6%99%B6%E6%B0%B4" title="结晶水">结晶水</a>：又称<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%90%88%E6%B0%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="水合水">水合水</a>。在<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%93%E6%99%B6%E7%89%A9%E8%B4%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="结晶物质（页面不存在）">结晶物质</a>中，以<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E9%94%AE" title="化学键">化学键</a>力与<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90" title="离子">离子</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90" title="分子">分子</a>相结合的、數量一定的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="水分子">水分子</a>。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E6%B0%B4" title="重水">重水</a>的化学分子式为D<sub>2</sub>O，每个分子由两个<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%98" title="氘">氘</a>原子和一个<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7" title="氧">氧</a>原子构成。重水在天然水中占不到万分之二，通过<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%A3%E6%B0%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="电解水">电解水</a>得到的重水比<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E9%87%91" class="mw-redirect" title="黄金">黄金</a>还昂贵。重水可以用来做<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94%E5%A0%86" class="mw-redirect" title="原子反应堆">原子反应堆</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%8F%E9%80%9F%E5%89%82" class="mw-redirect" title="减速剂">减速剂</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BD%BD%E7%83%AD%E5%89%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="载热剂（页面不存在）">载热剂</a>。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E9%87%8D%E6%B0%B4" title="超重水">超重水</a>的化学分子式为T<sub>2</sub>O，每个分子由两个<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%9A" title="氚">氚</a>原子和一个氧原子构成。超重水在天然水中极其稀少，其比例不到十亿分之一。超重水的制取成本比重水高上万倍。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%87%8D%E6%B0%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="半重水">半重水</a>的化学分子式为HDO，每个分子中含一个<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2" title="氢">氢</a>原子、一个<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%98" title="氘">氘</a>原子和一个氧原子。</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="性质"><span id=".E6.80.A7.E8.B4.A8"></span>性质</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：性质"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E7%9A%84%E6%80%A7%E8%B3%AA" title="水的性質">水的性質</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="物理性质"><span id=".E7.89.A9.E7.90.86.E6.80.A7.E8.B4.A8"></span>物理性质</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：物理性质"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>水在常温常压下为无色无味的透明<a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%B2%E4%BD%93" title="液体">液体</a>。水的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%9B%B8%E7%82%B9" title="三相点">三相点</a>是273.16K（611.73Pa下），<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B4%E7%95%8C%E7%82%B9_(%E7%83%AD%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6)" title="临界点 (热力学)">临界点</a>是647K（22.064 MPa下）。在临界点之上水无法存在液相及固相，而在临界点之下水蒸汽容易结成液相。<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%AF%E5%87%80%E6%B0%B4" title="纯净水">纯水</a>可以通过<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%B8%E9%A6%8F" title="蒸馏">蒸馏</a>作用取得，当然，这也是相对意义上的纯水，不可能绝对没有杂质。水是一种可以在液态、气态和固态之间转化的物质。 </p><p>在20℃时，水的<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E5%AF%BC%E7%8E%87" class="mw-redirect" title="热导率">热导率</a>为0.006 J/s·cm·K，冰的热导率为0.023 J/s·cm·K，在<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%AA" title="雪">雪</a>的密度为0.1×10<sup>3</sup> kg/m<sup>3</sup>时，雪的热导率为0.00029 J/s·cm·K。水的密度在3.98℃时最大，为1×10<sup>3</sup>kg/m<sup>3</sup>，温度高于3.98℃时，水的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6" title="密度">密度</a>随温度升高而减小，在0～3.98℃时，水不服从<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E8%83%80%E5%86%B7%E7%BC%A9" title="热胀冷缩">热胀冷缩</a>的规律，密度随温度的升高而增加。水在0℃时，密度为0.99987×10<sup>3</sup> kg/m<sup>3</sup>，冰在0℃时，密度为0.9167×10<sup>3</sup> kg/m<sup>3</sup>。因此冰可以浮在水面上。水的定压摩尔热容会随温度变化，在 0℃ 时，水的定压摩尔热容为 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 75.817\;{\rm {J\cdot mol^{-1}\cdot K^{-1}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>75.817</mn> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">J</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>⋅</mo> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 75.817\;{\rm {J\cdot mol^{-1}\cdot K^{-1}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/27fc43419858986d552185b6d8e20e311efe8931" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:21.876ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 75.817\;{\rm {J\cdot mol^{-1}\cdot K^{-1}}}}"></span>，在 20℃ 时，水的定压摩尔热容为 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 75.165\;{\rm {J\cdot mol^{-1}\cdot K^{-1}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>75.165</mn> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">J</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>⋅</mo> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 75.165\;{\rm {J\cdot mol^{-1}\cdot K^{-1}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b9e652325988ae5ad85c70067a60d7ecdbbffb5c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:21.876ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 75.165\;{\rm {J\cdot mol^{-1}\cdot K^{-1}}}}"></span>，在 100℃ 时，水的定压摩尔热容为 <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 75.541\;{\rm {J\cdot mol^{-1}\cdot K^{-1}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>75.541</mn> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">J</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>⋅</mo> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 75.541\;{\rm {J\cdot mol^{-1}\cdot K^{-1}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d39de535e325542f79969e4ef4aa64f9eb2cb620" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:21.876ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 75.541\;{\rm {J\cdot mol^{-1}\cdot K^{-1}}}}"></span>。<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>水具有很大的内聚力和<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E9%9D%A2%E5%BC%A0%E5%8A%9B" title="表面张力">表面张力</a>，除<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9E" title="汞">汞</a>以外，水的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E9%9D%A2%E5%BC%A0%E5%8A%9B" title="表面张力">表面张力</a>最大，并能产生较明显的<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E7%BB%86%E7%8E%B0%E8%B1%A1" title="毛细现象">毛细现象</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B8%E9%99%84" title="吸附">吸附现象</a>。纯水有极微弱的导电能力，但普通的水因含有少量<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%A3%E8%B4%A8" title="电解质">电解质</a>（如<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%BF%E7%89%A9%E8%B4%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="矿物质">矿物质</a>、溶解<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E6%B0%94" title="空气">大气</a>中<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A2%B3" title="二氧化碳">二氧化碳</a>形成的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E9%85%B8" title="碳酸">碳酸</a>）而有较强的<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E4%BC%A0%E5%AF%BC%E6%80%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="电传导性">导电</a>能力。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="化学性质"><span id=".E5.8C.96.E5.AD.A6.E6.80.A7.E8.B4.A8"></span>化学性质</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：化学性质"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>水的<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E7%A8%B3%E5%AE%9A%E6%80%A7" title="热稳定性">热稳定性</a>很强，当水蒸气加热到2000K以上时，也只有极少量的水离解为<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2" title="氢">氢</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7" title="氧">氧</a>。但水在通电的条件下（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="水电解">水电解</a>）会离解为氢和氧。此電解的最低電壓限制為1.23<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8F%E7%89%B9" title="伏特">伏特</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%95%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="自然界">自然界</a>，纯水是罕见的，水通常多是含有<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%B8" title="酸">酸</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B1" title="碱">碱</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%90_(%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6)" title="盐 (化学)">盐</a>等物质的<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B6%E6%B6%B2" title="溶液">溶液</a>，习惯上仍然把这种<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%BA%B6%E6%B6%B2" title="水溶液">水溶液</a>称为水。<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>水可以用来<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B6%E8%A7%A3" title="溶解">溶解</a>很多种物质，是很好的极性无机<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B6%E5%8A%91" class="mw-redirect" title="溶劑">溶劑</a>，用水作溶劑的溶液，就称为<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%BA%B6%E6%B6%B2" title="水溶液">水溶液</a>。用“aq”作为记号，如“HCl(aq)”。特别需要注意的是，如果不作特殊说明，“xx溶液”，指的就是含有"xx"的水溶液。 </p><p>当物质溶解于水时，<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="离子化合物">离子化合物</a>在水中发生<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E7%A6%BB" title="电离">电离</a>，以<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90" title="离子">离子</a>态存在，这样的溶液一般是透明的。当<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90" title="分子">分子</a>溶于水时，有些可以与水发生反应，形成新物质，这些新物质溶解于水中，或者这些分子直接填补水分子间的空隙。这些分子、离子等都是<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B6%E8%B4%A8" title="溶质">溶质</a>。一般来说，离子分子和<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%81%E6%80%A7" title="极性">极性</a>分子诸如酸、<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%92%E7%B2%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="酒精">酒精</a>和盐类透過和水分子產生<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AB%E9%8D%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="氫鍵">氫鍵</a>而比较容易溶解在水中。 </p><p>理论上，在298 K温度下的水的<a href="/wiki/PH" class="mw-redirect" title="PH">pH</a>值为7。而事实上，纯水的制备是非常困难的。暴露在空气中的水会迅速的吸收<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A2%B3" title="二氧化碳">二氧化碳</a>，生成低浓度的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E9%85%B8" title="碳酸">碳酸</a>(pH极限值为5.7)。云滴形成以及雨滴掉落的过程中，水也会吸收空气中CO<sub>2</sub>，因此大部分水都是弱酸性的。如果空气中氮氧化物和硫氧化物含量过高，就会导致<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%B8%E9%9B%A8" title="酸雨">酸雨</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="分布"><span id=".E5.88.86.E5.B8.83"></span>分布</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：分布"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="在地球上"><span id=".E5.9C.A8.E5.9C.B0.E7.90.83.E4.B8.8A"></span>在地球上</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：在地球上"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%9C%88" title="水圈">水圈</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:World_water_distribution.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/World_water_distribution.png/200px-World_water_distribution.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/World_water_distribution.png/300px-World_water_distribution.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/World_water_distribution.png/400px-World_water_distribution.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>各種型態的水在地球上的分布情形</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Earthwheredistribution.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Earthwheredistribution.png/200px-Earthwheredistribution.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Earthwheredistribution.png/300px-Earthwheredistribution.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Earthwheredistribution.png/400px-Earthwheredistribution.png 2x" data-file-width="522" data-file-height="353" /></a><figcaption>各種型態的水在地球上的分布情形</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90#地表水" title="水资源">地球表层水体</a>构成了<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%9C%88" title="水圈">水圈</a>，包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="海洋">海洋</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81" title="河流">河流</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%96%E6%B3%8A" title="湖泊">湖泊</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%BC%E6%B3%BD" title="沼泽">沼泽</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B7%9D" title="冰川">冰川</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%AA" title="雪">积雪</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%8B%E6%B0%B4" title="地下水">地下水</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E6%B0%94" title="空气">大气</a>中的水。由于注入海洋的水带有一定的<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%90_(%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6)" title="盐 (化学)">盐分</a>，加上常年的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%AF%E7%B4%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="积累（页面不存在）">积累</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%B8%E5%8F%91" title="蒸发">蒸发</a>作用，海和大洋裡的水都是<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%B8%E6%B0%B4" title="咸水">咸水</a>，不能直接饮用。某些湖泊的水也是<a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BD%E6%B0%B4" title="鹽水">含盐水</a>。世界上最大的水体是<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B" title="太平洋">太平洋</a>。北美的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E5%A4%A7%E6%B9%96" title="五大湖">五大湖</a>是最大的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%A1%E6%B0%B4" title="淡水">淡水</a>水系。欧亚大陆上的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%8F%E6%B5%B7" title="裏海">裏海</a>是最大的<a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%B9%E6%B0%B4%E6%B9%96" title="鹹水湖">鹹水湖</a>。 </p><p>地球上水的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%93%E7%A7%AF" title="体积">体积</a>大約有13.6亿<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E6%96%B9%E5%8D%83%E7%B1%B3" title="立方千米">立方公里</a>。其中： </p> <ul><li>海洋佔1,320,000,000立方公里（即97.1%）；</li> <li>冰川和<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E7%9B%96" title="冰盖">冰盖</a>佔25,000,000立方公里（即1.8%）；</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%8B%E6%B0%B4" title="地下水">地下水</a>佔13,000,000立方公里（即1.0%）；</li> <li>河流、湖泊以及<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A7%E9%99%86%E6%B5%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="內陆海（页面不存在）">內陆海</a>裡的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%A1%E6%B0%B4" title="淡水">淡水</a>佔250,000立方公里（即0.0018%）；</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E6%B0%94" title="空气">大气</a>中的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E8%92%B8%E6%B0%94" title="水蒸气">水蒸气</a>在任何已知的時候都佔13,000立方公里（即0.0001%）。</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83" title="地球">地球</a>是太阳系<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="太阳系">八大行星</a>之中唯一由液态水所覆盖的星球。<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E4%B8%8A%E6%B0%B4%E7%9A%84%E8%B5%B7%E6%BA%90" class="mw-redirect" title="地球上水的起源">地球上水的起源</a>在学术上存在很大的分歧，目前有几十种不同的水形成学说。<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>有观点认为在地球形成初期，原始大气中的氢、氧化合成水，水蒸气逐步凝结下来并形成海洋；也有观点认为，形成地球的星云物质中原先就存在水的成分。另外的观点认为，原始<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%A3%B3" title="地壳">地壳</a>中<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%BD%E9%85%B8%E9%B9%BD" title="矽酸鹽">矽酸鹽</a>等物质受<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="火山">火山</a>影响而发生反應、析出水分。也有观点认为，地球吸引的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%97%E6%98%9F" title="彗星">彗星</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%95%E7%9F%B3" title="隕石">隕石</a>是地球上水的主要来源。<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="在宇宙中"><span id=".E5.9C.A8.E5.AE.87.E5.AE.99.E4.B8.AD"></span>在宇宙中</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：在宇宙中"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B6%E6%B2%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="银河系">银河系</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E4%BA%91" title="星云">星云</a>中被探明存在水，由于<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2" title="氢">氢</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7" title="氧">氧</a>是构成宇宙的主要元素，科学家认为其他星系中依然存在大量水。 </p><p>星云尘埃凝聚，形成各种<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%97%E6%98%9F" title="彗星">彗星</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F" title="行星">行星</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%AE%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F" title="矮行星">矮行星</a>及其<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="卫星">卫星</a>，水也在这些天体上。在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="太阳系">太阳系</a>中，水以固体形式存在以下天体： </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%88%E7%90%83" title="月球">月球</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%98%9F" title="水星">水星</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E7%8E%8B%E6%98%9F" title="海王星">海王星</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E6%98%9F" title="火星">火星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%A5%E7%8E%8B%E6%98%9F" title="冥王星">冥王星</a></li> <li>天然卫星、如<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%80" title="海卫一">海卫一</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C" title="木卫二">木卫二</a></li></ul> <p>2015年9月28日，美国航空航天局宣布，在火星上发现季节性液态盐水。<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>科学家预测液态水也极有可能在<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C" title="土卫二">土卫二</a>的表面。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="水科学"><span id=".E6.B0.B4.E7.A7.91.E5.AD.A6"></span>水科学</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：水科学"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Unreferenced plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/35px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/53px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/70px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此章節<b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">尚無參考來源</a></b>，內容或許<b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AD%89" title="Wikipedia:可供查證">無法查證</a></b>。 <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2024年2月27日</span>)</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="水文学">水文学</a>（英語：<span lang="en">Hydrology</span>）属于<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="地理學">地理學</a>，研究的是关于<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83" title="地球">地球</a>表面、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4" title="土壤">土壤</a>中、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%A9%E7%9F%B3" title="岩石">岩石</a>下和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="大气">大气</a>中水的各種行為，包含<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF" title="水循环">水循環</a>、含量、分布、<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="物理化学">物理化學</a>特性、對物質影响以及与所有生物之间关系的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="科学">科学</a>。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="水力学">水力学</a>是研究以水为代表的液体机械运动规律及其在生产实践中应用的学科。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="意义与影响"><span id=".E6.84.8F.E4.B9.89.E4.B8.8E.E5.BD.B1.E5.93.8D"></span>意义与影响</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：意义与影响"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="对气候"><span id=".E5.AF.B9.E6.B0.94.E5.80.99"></span>对气候</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：对气候"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>水对<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99" title="氣候">氣候</a>具有调节作用。大气中的水汽能吸收地面辐射量的60%，再以<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94%E9%80%86%E8%BE%90%E5%B0%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大气逆辐射（页面不存在）">大气逆辐射</a>的形式返回地面，从而对地面起到保温作用。水的<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E7%83%AD%E5%AE%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="比热容">比热容</a>很大，海洋和陆地<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E9%AB%94" title="水體">水體</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E5%AD%A3" title="夏季">夏季</a>能吸收和积累热量，使气温不致过高；在<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%AC%E5%AD%A3" title="冬季">冬季</a>则能缓慢地释放热量，使<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%BA%A6" title="温度">气温</a>不致过低。 </p><p>雨雪等<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%8D%E6%B0%B4" title="降水">降水</a>活动对气候形成重要的影响。<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="海洋">海洋</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%A1%A8" title="地表">地表</a>中的水<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%B8%E5%8F%91" title="蒸发">蒸发</a>到天空中形成了<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%91" title="云">云</a>，云中的水通过<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%8D%E6%B0%B4" title="降水">降水</a>落下来变成<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%A8" title="雨">雨</a>，零度以下则变成<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%AA" title="雪">雪</a>。由于不同的条件，水还会以<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E9%9B%B9" title="冰雹">冰雹</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%A7" title="霧">霧</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%B2%E6%B0%B4" title="露水">露水</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%9C" title="霜">霜</a>等形态出现并影响气候和人类的活动。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="对地形"><span id=".E5.AF.B9.E5.9C.B0.E5.BD.A2"></span>对地形</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：对地形"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>水覆盖71%地球表面，从空中来看，地球是蓝色星球。水侵蚀<a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%A9%E7%9F%B3" title="岩石">岩石</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4" title="土壤">土壤</a>，冲淤河道，夹带泥沙，营造<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F" title="平原">平原</a>，改变地表形态。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="对生物"><span id=".E5.AF.B9.E7.94.9F.E7.89.A9"></span>对生物</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：对生物"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>大部分學說認為，地球上的生命最初是在水中出现的。水中生活着大量的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E7%94%9F%E6%A4%8D%E8%A2%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="水生植被">水生植被</a>等<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E7%94%9F%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" class="mw-disambig" title="水生生物">水生生物</a>。 </p><p>水是所有生物体的重要组成部分。人体中水占70%；而<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%AF%8D" title="水母">水母</a>中98%都是水。在生物體中，水是一種緩衝的溶液，利用解離出的氫氧基(OH-)以及質子(H+)可以將外來少量的強酸或強鹼中和，如此可確保細胞中的<a href="/wiki/%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E8%B3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="蛋白質">蛋白質</a>結構的完整性，而對<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%B5%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="酵素">酵素</a>而言，在酵素的結構上需要維持一定的結構才具有活性。而經由上述案例可說明在生物體內需要利用水的化學及物理性質才可維持生物體結構(細胞型狀)及機能(如酵素活性)上的穩定。 </p><p>水有利部分生物化学反应，维持其生理机能，如<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="動物">動物</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="消化作用">消化作用</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="植物">植物</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="光合作用">光合作用</a>。在生物体内还起到运输物质的作用，如<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E6%B6%B2" title="血液">血液</a>中的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E6%B5%86" title="血浆">血浆</a>絕大部分都是水，有助於體內<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A5%E5%85%BB" title="营养">营养</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7" title="氧">氧</a>的傳輸。由於水可以透過蒸發而降低溫度，因此水对于维持生物体温度的稳定起很大作用，如<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" title="动物">动物</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%97%E6%B6%B2" title="汗液">汗液</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="植物">植物</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%B8%E8%85%BE%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="蒸腾作用">蒸腾作用</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>植物在運送水分時，是利用水的氫鍵互相牽引所形成如水鏈狀結構，在<a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="植物">植物</a>專門運送水分的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8E%E7%AE%A1" title="導管">導管</a>中形成氫鍵使水分子不會受到引力作用而掉落至導管管壁，再利用蒸散作用帶動水分向上運輸。在植物水分的運輸過程中充分的解釋了水的運輸牽涉於水的物理性質。 </p><p>水的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2%E9%94%AE" title="氢键">氢键</a>使水成為特優的吸熱能力，水將大部份所吸收的熱，用來打斷氫鍵，因此不會增加液體的溫度，而水的<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E7%86%B1%E5%AE%B9" title="比熱容">比熱容</a>在25℃時，大約是4200J kg<sup>-1</sup> K<sup>-1</sup>，比其它液體普遍較高。因為有此項特質，生活在水中的有機體能得到水的保護，而不會因空氣中溫度的急遽變化而有致命的危險。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="对人类"><span id=".E5.AF.B9.E4.BA.BA.E7.B1.BB"></span>对人类</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：对人类"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="水资源">水资源</a></div> <p>水是人类生活的重要资源，一天必需攝取2~3公升的水，並提供人们日常生活用水和工农业生产用水，特别是<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A" title="农业">农业</a>需要大量灌溉水。人类<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E" title="文明">文明</a>的起源大多都在大河流域，早期城市一般都在水边建立，以解决灌溉、饮用和排污问题。在人类日常生活中，水對於人類各方面的作用不可或缺。 </p><p>随着科学技术的发展，人们兴修<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="水利">水利</a>，与<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E6%B6%9D%E5%AE%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="水涝害（页面不存在）">水涝害</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%AA%E6%B0%B4" title="洪水">洪水</a>等自然灾害作斗争。因此形成了一些专门与水有关的研究领域，如<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="水力学">水力学</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="水文学">水文科学</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86" title="水处理">水处理</a>等，甚而产生了以水为生的产业<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E7%94%A2%E6%A5%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="水產業">水產業</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="水資源"><span id=".E6.B0.B4.E8.B3.87.E6.BA.90"></span>水資源</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：水資源"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="水资源">水资源</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Drinking_water.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Drinking_water.jpg/220px-Drinking_water.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Drinking_water.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>从<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E9%BE%8D%E9%A0%AD" title="水龍頭">水龍頭</a>中流出的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A5%AE%E7%94%A8%E6%B0%B4" title="饮用水">饮用水</a></figcaption></figure> <p>水是地球上的任何生物、生命體的必需物質，缺水的土壤便無法孕育生物，淡水更是灌溉與孕育陸地生物的必要元素，淡水的來源、節約、儲存、利用是全球的重要議題。 </p><p>地球上水总储量约为1.36x10<sup>18</sup>m<sup>3</sup>，但除去海洋等咸水资源外，只有2.5%为淡水。淡水又主要以<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B7%9D" title="冰川">冰川</a>和深层<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%8B%E6%B0%B4" title="地下水">地下水</a>的形式存在，河流和湖泊中的淡水仅占世界总淡水的0.3%。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%B0%94%E8%B1%A1%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="世界气象组织">世界气象组织</a>于1996年初指出：缺水是全世界城市面临的首要问题，估计到2050年，全球有46％的城市人口将面临着缺水问题。對於<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="水资源">水资源</a>稀少的地區來說，水已經超出生活資源的範圍，而成為戰略資源，由於水資源的稀有性，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%8D%B1%E6%9C%BA" title="水危机">水戰爭</a>爆發的可能性越來越高。 </p><p>为了让全世界都关心淡水资源短缺的问题，第47届联合国大会决定将每年3月22日定为“<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%B0%B4%E6%97%A5" title="世界水日">世界水日</a>”。 </p><p>早期人們會抽取使用地下水，然而使用地下水會造成地層下陷並破壞地底結構，造成無法回復的永久性破壞，亦有可能阻斷地下水，所以許多國家立法禁止使用地下水，以避免各種永久性的損害。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B0%B4%E6%B7%A1%E5%8C%96" title="海水淡化">海水淡化</a>是其一種對策，但由於耗用能量過高及成本過高，多數海水淡化廠在建成後不久就因資金不足被迫關閉。在<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E6%8B%9C" title="杜拜">杜拜</a>這個乾旱但富裕的地方，則利用這個方法取得淡水。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="來源"><span id=".E4.BE.86.E6.BA.90"></span>來源</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：來源"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>淡水水資源的主要來源包括<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%A8%E6%B0%B4" title="雨水">雨水</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%AA" title="雪">雪</a>水、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81" title="河流">河</a>水、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B0%B4%E6%B7%A1%E5%8C%96" title="海水淡化">淡化海水</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%8B%E6%B0%B4" title="地下水">地下水</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E6%94%B6%E6%B0%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="回收水">回收水</a>等。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="水循环"><span id=".E6.B0.B4.E5.BE.AA.E7.8E.AF"></span>水循环</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：水循环"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF" title="水循环">水循环</a>（hydro-logical cycle）是水的自然循环过程。从蒸发到凝结再到蒸发，从云变成水，冰，再到水蒸气。地球上的水之所以一直留存，就是因为水循环。水循环通常是冰→水→云→水（→冰）的过程。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="功用"><span id=".E5.8A.9F.E7.94.A8"></span>功用</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：功用"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>人类生活和生产的方方面面都要使用到水資源。 </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="農業">農業</a>用水：各種<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%8C%E6%BA%89" title="灌溉">灌溉</a>用水，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="動物">動</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="植物">植物</a>用水。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="工業">工業</a>用水：<a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%95%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD" title="輕工業">輕工業</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD" title="重工業">重工業</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="機械工程">機械工程</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%9C%A8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="土木工程">土木工程</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="建筑工程">建築工程</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E7%94%A2%E6%A5%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="高科技產業">高科技產業</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90%E7%94%A2%E6%A5%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="能源產業">能源產業</a>皆須使用水資源。化学工业也非常多样化。一方面，它是无机和有机合成中必不可少的溶剂，反应介质或试剂。烷烃的蒸汽重整产生合成气<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，蒸汽裂解产生非常有价值的烯烃（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E7%83%AF" title="乙烯">乙烯</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%99%E7%83%AF" title="丙烯">丙烯</a>）。它在基于丙烷和丙烯氧化的丙烯酸合成中也起着重要作用<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。还正在深入研究以从水中生产过氧化氢<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="都市">都市</a>用水：<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%91%E8%90%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="村落">村落</a>用水，生物都需要水分，人類的生活亦須使用水。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%80%E5%85%89" class="mw-redirect" title="觀光">觀光</a>用水：美麗的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%8E%E6%99%AF" title="风景">风景</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%80%E5%85%89%E5%8D%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="觀光區（页面不存在）">觀光區</a>，皆需要使用水分。<a href="/wiki/%E5%99%B4%E6%B3%89" title="噴泉">噴泉</a>（包括<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90%E5%96%B7%E6%B3%89" title="音乐喷泉">音樂噴泉</a>）以噴射水柱成為其中一個景觀。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E6%BC%A0" title="沙漠">沙漠</a>灌溉用水：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E6%BC%A0%E5%8C%96" title="沙漠化">沙漠化</a>是全球重要且困難的議題，沙漠化的原因在於水分的流失或缺少，因此要解決<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E6%BC%A0%E5%8C%96" title="沙漠化">沙漠化</a>問題，必須要有相當充足的水分灌溉並維持住水分。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="儲存"><span id=".E5.84.B2.E5.AD.98"></span>儲存</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：儲存"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81" title="河流">河</a>水：用建在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81" title="河流">河流</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%96%E6%B3%8A" title="湖泊">湖泊</a>中的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%AB" title="水庫">水庫</a>儲存。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%99%E6%B0%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="汙水">汙水</a>：回收淨化後儲存。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%A8" title="雨">雨</a>水：收集儲存。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B0%B4" title="海水">海水</a>：淡化後儲存。</li></ul> <p>水資源的儲水、供水、分配和調節亦是全球的重要議題。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="節約"><span id=".E7.AF.80.E7.B4.84"></span>節約</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节：節約"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>生物的生活與水資源息息相關，然而在水資源的節約上，有很多的議題，例如廢水的回收与再使用（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%B0%B4" title="中水">中水</a>）、都市污水處理系統、雨水收集使用、各式<a href="/wiki/%E7%AF%80%E6%B0%B4" title="節水">省水</a>器具(省水<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E6%A1%B6" title="馬桶">馬桶</a>等)、大力推广农业<a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%B4%E7%81%8C" title="滴灌">滴灌</a>种植技术。</li> <li>水資源對於生物如此重要，水資源的節約是全球相當重要性的議題。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="造水"><span id=".E9.80.A0.E6.B0.B4"></span>造水</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节：造水"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>因為水對生命非常重要，所以<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA" title="人">人類</a>嘗試著根據水的基本特性以<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="科學">科學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93" class="mw-redirect" title="技術">技術</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="物理">物理</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="化學">化學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BD%E9%87%8F" title="能量">能量</a>等各種方式來造水以增加<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="水资源">水資源</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="汙染"><span id=".E6.B1.99.E6.9F.93"></span>汙染</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节：汙染"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="水污染">水汙染</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wastewater_Treatment_Plant.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Wastewater_Treatment_Plant.jpg/220px-Wastewater_Treatment_Plant.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Wastewater_Treatment_Plant.jpg/330px-Wastewater_Treatment_Plant.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Wastewater_Treatment_Plant.jpg/440px-Wastewater_Treatment_Plant.jpg 2x" data-file-width="869" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption>污水处理厂</figcaption></figure> <p>水汙染即水體因某種物質的介入，而導致其化學、物理、生物或者<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7" title="放射性">放射性</a>等方面特徵的改變，從而影響水的有效利用，危害人體健康或者破壞生態環境。水體中，最重要的指數是溶解氧。外來物質進入水體後，可以被微生物分解，被溶解氧氧化，這都要消耗一定的溶解氧，這叫做水體的「自淨能力」，如果外來物質太多，溶解氧被完全消耗，就是超過了水體的自淨能力，水中生物會因缺氧而窒息死亡或中毒，這就是污染狀態。 </p><p>汙染的水若被生物飲用或灌溉，會嚴重的損害生物的健康，造成生物體被破壞、衰弱、生成疾病，嚴重者即失去生命。換言之，生物若飲用洁淨的水，可保持健康、促進循環。因此避免水汙染在全球是個重要的議題。为了解决这一问题，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%A1%E6%B0%B4%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="污水处理">汙水處理</a>等<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="水污染控制">水汙染控制</a>措施就变得十分必要。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="水文化"><span id=".E6.B0.B4.E6.96.87.E5.8C.96"></span>水文化</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4&action=edit&section=22" title="编辑章节：水文化"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="水文化">水文化</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="人类">人类</a>很早就开始对水产生了认识，<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93" title="聖經">聖經</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%B5%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" class="mw-redirect" title="創世紀">創世紀</a>記載，水是神創造萬物之前就存在的元素，「起初，神創造天地。地是空虛混沌，淵面黑暗。<b>神的靈運行在水面上。</b>」(創世記1:1-2)<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>东西方古代朴素的物质观中都把水视为一种基本的组成元素。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="古代世界观中的水"><span id=".E5.8F.A4.E4.BB.A3.E4.B8.96.E7.95.8C.E8.A7.82.E4.B8.AD.E7.9A.84.E6.B0.B4"></span>古代世界观中的水</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4&action=edit&section=23" title="编辑章节：古代世界观中的水"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在文明的早期，人们开始探讨世界各种事物的组成或者分类，水在其中扮演了重要角色。古代西方提出的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="元素">四元素说</a>中就有水；<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教">佛教</a>中的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%A8%AE" title="大種">四大種</a>也有水；<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="中国">中国</a>古代的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E8%A1%8C" title="五行">五行学说</a>中水代表了所有的液体，以及具有流动、润湿、阴柔性质的事物。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E5%AD%90" title="老子">老子</a>認為，如果在世界上找一樣事物來描寫「道」，最適合的就是「水」。因此，在《<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E5%AD%90_(%E6%9B%B8)" title="老子 (書)">老子</a>》第八章：「上善若水。水善利萬物而不爭，處眾人之所惡，故幾於道。」水滋潤大地萬物，卻不爭奪顯赫的位置，处于大众讨厌的位置，去充滿低洼之地，所以就接近于道了。第七十八章又說：「天下柔弱莫過於水，而攻堅強者莫之能勝，以其無以易之。」指出柔弱勝剛強的道理。《荀子》：「水能載舟，亦能覆舟」，指出了君王與民眾的關系。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="水崇拜"><span id=".E6.B0.B4.E5.B4.87.E6.8B.9C"></span>水崇拜</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4&action=edit&section=24" title="编辑章节：水崇拜"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在從前，古人对于水兼有养育与毁灭能力、不可捉摸的性情，产生了又爱又怕的感情，而导致了<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E5%B4%87%E6%8B%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="水崇拜（页面不存在）">水崇拜</a>的出现。通过赋予水以神的灵性，祈求水给人类带来丰收和幸福。 </p><p>中国传统上的<a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%99%E7%8E%8B" title="龙王">龙王</a>就是对水的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E6%A0%BC%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="神格化">神格化</a>。凡有水域水源处皆有龙王，龙王庙、堂遍及全国各地。祭龙王祈雨是中国传统的信仰习俗。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="水文逸"><span id=".E6.B0.B4.E6.96.87.E9.80.B8"></span>水文逸</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4&action=edit&section=25" title="编辑章节：水文逸"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在某些地區，文逸代表常人，水文逸就是水親近生活的叫法，賦予其靈性，因而產生了水文逸這個文化。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参見"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A6.8B"></span>参見</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4&action=edit&section=26" title="编辑章节：参見"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A2%E6%81%B6%E4%BD%9C%E5%89%A7" title="一氧化二氢恶作剧">一氧化二氢恶作剧</a></li> 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B. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/2000M%26PS...35.1309M">"Source regions and time scales for the delivery of water to Earth".</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20211217224537/http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/2000M%26PS...35.1309M">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） Meteoritics & Planetary Science, vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 1309-13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-confirms-evidence-that-liquid-water-flows-on-todays-mars/">NASA Confirms Evidence That Liquid Water Flows on Today’s Mars - NASA</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2024-02-26</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240216195011/https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-confirms-evidence-that-liquid-water-flows-on-todays-mars/">存档</a>于2024-02-16） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到美国英语网页">（美国英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%B4&rft.btitle=NASA+Confirms+Evidence+That+Liquid+Water+Flows+on+Today%E2%80%99s+Mars+-+NASA&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fnews-release%2Fnasa-confirms-evidence-that-liquid-water-flows-on-todays-mars%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nature.edu.tw/resourcecategories/displayarticle/56">水與生物的重要性</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131217083129/http://nature.edu.tw/resourcecategories/displayarticle/56">存檔</a>，存档日期2013-12-17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11144-020-01767-y">存档副本</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-06-13</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200613122602/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11144-020-01767-y">存档</a>于2020-06-13）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%B4&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Farticle%2F10.1007%2Fs11144-020-01767-y&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Surface chemistry of phase-pure M1 MoVTeNb oxide during operation in selective oxidation of propane to acrylic acid. Journal of Catalysis, 285, 48-60. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://pure.mpg.de/rest/items/item_1108560_8/component/file_1402724/content">https://pure.mpg.de/rest/items/item_1108560_8/component/file_1402724/content</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20200713133044/https://pure.mpg.de/rest/items/item_1108560_8/component/file_1402724/content">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The reaction network in propane oxidation over phase-pure MoVTeNb M1 oxide catalysts. Journal of Catalysis, 311, 369-385, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://pure.mpg.de/rest/items/item_1896844_6/component/file_1896843/content">https://pure.mpg.de/rest/items/item_1896844_6/component/file_1896843/content</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20200713133050/https://pure.mpg.de/rest/items/item_1896844_6/component/file_1896843/content">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kinetic studies of propane oxidation on Mo and V based mixed oxide catalysts. PhD Thesis,<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://pure.mpg.de/rest/items/item_1199619_5/component/file_1199618/content">https://pure.mpg.de/rest/items/item_1199619_5/component/file_1199618/content</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20200519081200/https://pure.mpg.de/rest/items/item_1199619_5/component/file_1199618/content">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2022/gc/d2gc02575b">存档副本</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-02-18</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230105212216/https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2022/gc/d2gc02575b">存档</a>于2023-01-05）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%B4&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubs.rsc.org%2Fen%2Fcontent%2Farticlehtml%2F2022%2Fgc%2Fd2gc02575b&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Electrochemical synthesis of hydrogen peroxide from water and oxygen <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41570-019-0110-6">https://www.nature.com/articles/s41570-019-0110-6</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20200613201311/https://www.nature.com/articles/s41570-019-0110-6">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0926337321009735">存档副本</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-02-18</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221230183349/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0926337321009735">存档</a>于2022-12-30）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%B4&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fabs%2Fpii%2FS0926337321009735&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://springbible.fhl.net/Bible2/cgic201/read201.cgi">創世紀第一章</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-09-08</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211224042330/https://springbible.fhl.net/Bible2/cgic201/read201.cgi">存档</a>于2021-12-24）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%B4&rft.btitle=%E5%89%B5%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E7%AB%A0&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspringbible.fhl.net%2FBible2%2Fcgic201%2Fread201.cgi&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="延伸阅读"><span id=".E5.BB.B6.E4.BC.B8.E9.98.85.E8.AF.BB"></span>延伸阅读</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4&action=edit&section=28" title="编辑章节：延伸阅读"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks" style="float: right;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q283" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q283"><span class="nomobile">在维基数据</span>编<span class="nomobile">辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span> </p> <dl><dd><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="维基文库"><img alt="维基文库中的相关文本：" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>中相關的多媒體資源：<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Water" class="extiw" title="commons:Water"><span style="font-weight:bold;">水</span></a>（<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Water" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Water">分類</a>）</div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4&action=edit&section=29" title="编辑章节：外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040929124755/http://www.science.uwaterloo.ca/~cchieh/cact/applychem/waterchem.html">水化学（水的化学常识）</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041013043420/http://aishui.lgfz.com.cn/k10/k10.htm">水资源知识和数据</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041208005032/http://163.23.209.9/geoWeek/page/ziyuan.htm">中東水源問題分析</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zaobao.com/special/newspapers/2000/pages5/cet211000.html">水戰爭相關報導</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20041030120422/http://www.zaobao.com/special/newspapers/2000/pages5/cet211000.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em;width:auto;padding-left:0.2em;position:absolute;left:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-left:0.5em;position:absolute;right:1em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="水" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autoexpaneded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B0%B4" title="Template:水"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%B0%B4" title="Template talk:水"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%B0%B4" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:水"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="水" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">水</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">概要</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="水的概述" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Outline of water"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E7%9A%84%E6%A6%82%E8%BF%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="水的概述（页面不存在）">概述</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_water" class="extiw" title="en:Outline of water"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Outline of water</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%80%A7%E8%B4%A8%E8%A1%A8" title="水性质表">性質列表</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="水模型" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Water model"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="水模型（页面不存在）">模型</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_model" class="extiw" title="en:Water model"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Water model</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E7%9A%84%E6%80%A7%E8%B3%AA" title="水的性質">性質</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Water_drop_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="水滴"><img alt="水滴" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Water_drop_001.jpg/70px-Water_drop_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Water_drop_001.jpg/105px-Water_drop_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Water_drop_001.jpg/140px-Water_drop_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3714" data-file-height="2475" /></a><figcaption>水滴</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E8%B3%AA%E7%8B%80%E6%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="物質狀態">狀態</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">液態水</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0" title="冰">冰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E8%92%B8%E6%B0%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="水蒸氣">水蒸氣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%B8%E6%B1%BD" title="蒸汽">蒸汽</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8E%E7%86%B1%E8%92%B8%E6%B1%BD" title="過熱蒸汽">過熱蒸汽</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">組成</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E6%B0%9A%E6%B0%B4" title="低氚水">低氚水</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E6%B0%B4" title="重水">半重水</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E6%B0%B4" title="重水">重水</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E9%87%8D%E6%B0%B4" title="超重水">超重水</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%90%88%E6%B0%A2%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90" title="水合氢离子">水合氫離子</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">與<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83" title="地球">地球</a>關聯</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF" title="水循环">水循環</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="地球水資源分佈" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Water distribution on Earth"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E6%B0%B4%E8%B3%87%E6%BA%90%E5%88%86%E4%BD%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地球水資源分佈（页面不存在）">地球水資源分佈</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_distribution_on_Earth" class="extiw" title="en:Water distribution on Earth"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Water distribution on Earth</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%9C%88" title="水圈">水圈</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="水文学">水文学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="水生物學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hydrobiology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="水生物學（页面不存在）">水生物學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrobiology" class="extiw" title="en:Hydrobiology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hydrobiology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E4%B8%8A%E6%B0%B4%E7%9A%84%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="地球上水的来源">起源</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="水污染">污染</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="水资源">資源</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86" title="水管理">水資源管理</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="水資源政策" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Water resource policy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E8%B3%87%E6%BA%90%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="水資源政策（页面不存在）">政策</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_resource_policy" class="extiw" title="en:Water resource policy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Water resource policy</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%9B%E6%B0%B4" title="供水">供水</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">與外星球關聯</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%A4%96%E6%B6%B2%E6%85%8B%E6%B0%B4" title="地外液態水">地外液態水</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="小行星水" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Asteroidal water"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F%E6%B0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="小行星水（页面不存在）">小行星水</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroidal_water" class="extiw" title="en:Asteroidal water"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Asteroidal water</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="天體海洋學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Planetary oceanography"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E9%AB%94%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="天體海洋學（页面不存在）">天體海洋學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_oceanography" class="extiw" title="en:Planetary oceanography"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Planetary oceanography</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F" title="海洋行星">海洋行星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AB%E6%B0%A3%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F" title="氫氣海洋行星">氫氣海洋行星</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="有水太陽系外行星列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of extrasolar candidates for liquid water"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%B0%B4%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E7%B3%BB%E5%A4%96%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有水太陽系外行星列表（页面不存在）">有水太陽系外行星列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_extrasolar_candidates_for_liquid_water" class="extiw" title="en:List of extrasolar candidates for liquid water"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of extrasolar candidates for liquid water</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li>特定天體 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E8%A1%9B%E4%BA%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="木衛二">木衛二</a>#Subsurface ocean</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E6%98%9F%E6%B0%B4%E6%96%87" title="火星水文">火星水文</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="月球水文" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lunar water"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%88%E7%90%83%E6%B0%B4%E6%96%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="月球水文（页面不存在）">月球水文</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_water" class="extiw" title="en:Lunar water"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lunar water</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C" title="土卫二">土衛二</a>#Subsurface water ocean</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">物理參數</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="水分層" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Stratification (water)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E5%88%86%E5%B1%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="水分層（页面不存在）">水分層</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratification_(water)" class="extiw" title="en:Stratification (water)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Stratification (water)</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="海水分層" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ocean stratification"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E6%B0%B4%E5%88%86%E5%B1%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海水分層（页面不存在）">海水分層</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_stratification" class="extiw" title="en:Ocean stratification"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ocean stratification</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="湖水分層" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lake stratification"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B9%96%E6%B0%B4%E5%88%86%E5%B1%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="湖水分層（页面不存在）">湖水分層</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_stratification" class="extiw" title="en:Lake stratification"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lake stratification</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E6%BA%AB%E5%BA%A6" title="海洋溫度">海洋溫度</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight: bold;"><div> <ul><li> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="分类"><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%B0%B4" title="Category:水">Category</a></li> <li> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="共享资源页面"><img alt="共享资源页面" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Water" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Water">Commons</a></li> <li> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="维基词典页面"><img alt="维基词典页面" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></span></span> <a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/water" class="extiw" title="wikt:water">Wiktionary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="自然资源" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="Template:自然资源"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="Template talk:自然资源"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:自然资源"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="自然资源" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="自然资源">自然资源</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94%E5%B1%82" title="地球大气层">大气</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E6%B0%A3%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="空氣污染">污染 / 质量</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="国家环境大气质量标准" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="National Ambient Air Quality Standards"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="国家环境大气质量标准（页面不存在）">环境标准<span style="font-size:smaller;">（美国）</span></a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Ambient_Air_Quality_Standards" class="extiw" title="en:National Ambient Air Quality Standards"><span lang="en" dir="auto">National Ambient Air Quality Standards</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E6%B0%94%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B0" title="空气质量指数">指数</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A4%E5%85%A7%E7%A9%BA%E6%B0%A3%E5%93%81%E8%B3%AA" title="室內空氣品質">室内</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="发展中国家室内空气污染" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Indoor air pollution in developing nations"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%A4%E5%86%85%E7%A9%BA%E6%B0%94%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="发展中国家室内空气污染（页面不存在）">发展中国家</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indoor_air_pollution_in_developing_nations" class="extiw" title="en:Indoor air pollution in developing nations"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Indoor air pollution in developing nations</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="空气质量法律" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Air quality law"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A9%BA%E6%B0%94%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="空气质量法律（页面不存在）">法律</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_quality_law" class="extiw" title="en:Air quality law"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Air quality law</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="美国空气清洁法案" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Clean Air Act (United States)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E7%A9%BA%E6%B0%94%E6%B8%85%E6%B4%81%E6%B3%95%E6%A1%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美国空气清洁法案（页面不存在）">空气清洁法案<span style="font-size:smaller;">（美国）</span></a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clean_Air_Act_(United_States)" class="extiw" title="en:Clean Air Act (United States)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Clean Air Act (United States)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AD%E6%B0%A7%E5%B1%82%E7%A9%BA%E6%B4%9E" title="臭氧层空洞">臭氧层空洞</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;font-weight:normal;">排放</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Airshed" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Airshed"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Airshed&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Airshed（页面不存在）">Airshed</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airshed" class="extiw" title="en:Airshed"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Airshed</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%92%E6%94%BE%E6%9D%83%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93" title="排放权交易">排放权交易</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="减少毁林和森林退化所致排放量" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%87%8F%E5%B0%91%E6%AF%81%E6%9E%97%E5%92%8C%E6%A3%AE%E6%9E%97%E9%80%80%E5%8C%96%E6%89%80%E8%87%B4%E6%8E%92%E6%94%BE%E9%87%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="减少毁林和森林退化所致排放量（页面不存在）">减少毁林和森林退化所致排放量</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reducing_emissions_from_deforestation_and_forest_degradation" class="extiw" title="en:Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Carson_Fall_Mt_Kinabalu.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Carson Falls on Mount Kinabalu, Borneo"><img alt="Carson Falls on Mount Kinabalu, Borneo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Carson_Fall_Mt_Kinabalu.jpg/100px-Carson_Fall_Mt_Kinabalu.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Carson_Fall_Mt_Kinabalu.jpg/150px-Carson_Fall_Mt_Kinabalu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Carson_Fall_Mt_Kinabalu.jpg/200px-Carson_Fall_Mt_Kinabalu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90" title="能源">能源</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="能源法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Energy law"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="能源法（页面不存在）">法律</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_law" class="extiw" title="en:Energy law"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Energy law</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="世界能源（页面不存在）">资源</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E7%9F%B3%E7%87%83%E6%96%99" title="化石燃料">化石燃料</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9%E5%B3%B0%E5%80%BC" title="石油峰值">哈伯特顶点</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%86%B1%E8%83%BD" title="地熱能">地熱能</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%8B%95%E5%8A%9B" title="核動力">核能</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E8%83%BD" title="太阳能">太阳能</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E5%85%89" title="太阳光">太阳光</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="荫蔽" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Shade (shadow)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%AB%E8%94%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荫蔽（页面不存在）">荫蔽</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shade_(shadow)" class="extiw" title="en:Shade (shadow)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Shade (shadow)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E6%B1%90%E8%83%BD" title="潮汐能">潮汐能</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%B5%AA%E8%83%BD" title="波浪能">波浪能</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%A8%E8%83%BD" title="風能">風能</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%86%E5%9C%B0" title="陆地">陆地</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%95%E5%9C%B0" title="耕地">耕地</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="peak farmland" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="peak farmland"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peak_farmland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peak farmland（页面不存在）">peak farmland</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/peak_farmland" class="extiw" title="en:peak farmland"><span lang="en" dir="auto">peak farmland</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%9C%9F%E6%B5%81%E5%A4%B1" title="水土流失">水土流失</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E6%B3%95" title="土地法">法律</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A1%E7%94%A2%E6%B3%95" title="財產法">财产</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86" title="土地管理">管理</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="栖息地保护" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="habitat conservation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%96%E6%81%AF%E5%9C%B0%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="栖息地保护（页面不存在）">栖息地保护</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/habitat_conservation" class="extiw" title="en:habitat conservation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">habitat conservation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%A6%E7%89%A9" title="礦物">礦物</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%87%E7%9F%BF%E4%B8%9A" title="采矿业">采矿</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="采矿法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mining law"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%87%E7%9F%BF%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="采矿法（页面不存在）">法律</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining_law" class="extiw" title="en:Mining law"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mining law</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%87%E7%A0%82" title="采砂">采沙</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="峰值矿产" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Peak minerals"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B3%B0%E5%80%BC%E7%9F%BF%E4%BA%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="峰值矿产（页面不存在）">峰值</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peak_minerals" class="extiw" title="en:Peak minerals"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Peak minerals</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="矿产权利" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mineral rights"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9F%BF%E4%BA%A7%E6%9D%83%E5%88%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="矿产权利（页面不存在）">权利</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral_rights" class="extiw" title="en:Mineral rights"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mineral rights</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4" title="土壤">土壤</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7" title="土壤保護">保护</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E8%82%A5%E5%8A%9B" title="土壤肥力">肥力</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="土壤健康" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Soil health"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%81%A5%E5%BA%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土壤健康（页面不存在）">健康</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_health" class="extiw" title="en:Soil health"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Soil health</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="土壤活力" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Soil resilience"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E6%B4%BB%E5%8A%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土壤活力（页面不存在）">活力</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_resilience" class="extiw" title="en:Soil resilience"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Soil resilience</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8" title="土地利用">土地利用</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="土地使用规划" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Land-use planning"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E8%A7%84%E5%88%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土地使用规划（页面不存在）">规划</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land-use_planning" class="extiw" title="en:Land-use planning"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Land-use planning</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="开放空间保护区" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Open space reserve"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%80%E6%94%BE%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E5%8C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="开放空间保护区（页面不存在）">保护区</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_space_reserve" class="extiw" title="en:Open space reserve"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Open space reserve</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD" title="生命">生命</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%A4%9A%E6%A8%A3%E6%80%A7" title="生物多樣性">生物多樣性</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="生物勘探" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bioprospecting"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8B%98%E6%8E%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生物勘探（页面不存在）">生物勘探</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioprospecting" class="extiw" title="en:Bioprospecting"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bioprospecting</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%88" title="生物圈">生物圈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A2%E6%9E%97%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9" title="叢林食物">丛林食物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9B%E6%9E%97%E8%82%89" title="丛林肉">丛林肉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%94%E4%B8%9A" title="渔业">渔业</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="渔业法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Fisheries law"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%94%E4%B8%9A%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="渔业法（页面不存在）">法律</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisheries_law" class="extiw" title="en:Fisheries law"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Fisheries law</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%81%E6%A5%AD%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86" title="漁業管理">管理</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9" title="食物">食物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%AE%E6%9E%97" title="森林">森林</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="森林基因资源" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Forest genetic resources"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A3%AE%E6%9E%97%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="森林基因资源（页面不存在）">基因资源</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forest_genetic_resources" class="extiw" title="en:Forest genetic resources"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Forest genetic resources</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="森林法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Forestry law"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A3%AE%E6%9E%97%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="森林法（页面不存在）">法律</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forestry_law" class="extiw" title="en:Forestry law"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Forestry law</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%AE%E6%9E%97%E7%B6%93%E7%87%9F%E5%AD%B8" title="森林經營學">管理</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%B5%E7%89%A9" title="獵物">狩猎</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="狩猎法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Game law"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%A9%E7%8C%8E%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="狩猎法（页面不存在）">法律</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_law" class="extiw" title="en:Game law"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Game law</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GenBank" title="GenBank">基因银行</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="List of plants used in herbalism" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of plants used in herbalism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_plants_used_in_herbalism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of plants used in herbalism（页面不存在）">Herbalist plants</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_plants_used_in_herbalism" class="extiw" title="en:List of plants used in herbalism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of plants used in herbalism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="海洋保护" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Marine conservation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海洋保护（页面不存在）">海洋保护</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_conservation" class="extiw" title="en:Marine conservation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Marine conservation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="非木质林产品" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Non-timber forest product"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%9E%E6%9C%A8%E8%B4%A8%E6%9E%97%E4%BA%A7%E5%93%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="非木质林产品（页面不存在）">非木质林产品</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-timber_forest_product" class="extiw" title="en:Non-timber forest product"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Non-timber forest product</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A7%E5%9C%B0" title="牧地">牧地</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%AE%E5%AD%90%E5%BA%AB" title="種子庫">種子庫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8E%E7%94%9F%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" title="野生动物">野生生物</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8E%E7%94%9F%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4" title="野生生物保护">保护</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="野生生物管理" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Wildlife management"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%8E%E7%94%9F%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="野生生物管理（页面不存在）">管理</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildlife_management" class="extiw" title="en:Wildlife management"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Wildlife management</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%9D%90" title="木材">木材</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">水</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;font-weight:normal;">种类/位置</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%AB%E6%B0%B4%E5%B1%82" title="含水层">含水层</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="含水层储水与恢复" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Aquifer storage and recovery"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%AB%E6%B0%B4%E5%B1%82%E5%82%A8%E6%B0%B4%E4%B8%8E%E6%81%A2%E5%A4%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="含水层储水与恢复（页面不存在）">储水与恢复</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquifer_storage_and_recovery" class="extiw" title="en:Aquifer storage and recovery"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Aquifer storage and recovery</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A5%AE%E7%94%A8%E6%B0%B4" title="饮用水">饮用</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%A1%E6%B0%B4" title="淡水">淡水</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%8B%E6%B0%B4" title="地下水">地下水</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%8B%E6%B0%B4%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="地下水污染">污染</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%8B%E6%B0%B4%E8%A3%9C%E7%B5%A6" title="地下水補給">补给</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="地下水治理" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Groundwater remediation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%8B%E6%B0%B4%E6%B2%BB%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地下水治理（页面不存在）">治理</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groundwater_remediation" class="extiw" title="en:Groundwater remediation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Groundwater remediation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%9C%88" title="水圈">水圈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0" title="冰">冰</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B1%B1" title="冰山">冰山</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B7%9D" title="冰川">冰川</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="极地冰盖" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Polar ice cap"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9E%81%E5%9C%B0%E5%86%B0%E7%9B%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="极地冰盖（页面不存在）">极地</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_ice_cap" class="extiw" title="en:Polar ice cap"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Polar ice cap</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%8C%E6%BA%89" title="灌溉">灌溉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%A8" title="雨">雨</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%A8%E6%B0%B4%E6%92%B2%E6%BB%BF" title="雨水撲滿">雨水收集</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="暴雨水" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Stormwater"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9A%B4%E9%9B%A8%E6%B0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="暴雨水（页面不存在）">暴雨水</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stormwater" class="extiw" title="en:Stormwater"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Stormwater</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%A1%A8%E6%B0%B4" title="地表水">地表水</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A2%E6%B0%B4" title="廢水">廢水</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%B0%B4" title="中水">中水</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;font-weight:normal;">其他方面</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B0%B4%E6%B7%A1%E5%8C%96" title="海水淡化">海水淡化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%AA%E6%B0%B4" title="洪水">洪水</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="水资源法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Water law"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="水资源法（页面不存在）">法律</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_law" class="extiw" title="en:Water law"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Water law</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Leaching (agriculture)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Leaching (agriculture)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leaching_(agriculture)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leaching (agriculture)（页面不存在）">Leaching</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaching_(agriculture)" class="extiw" title="en:Leaching (agriculture)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Leaching (agriculture)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Sanitation" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sanitation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanitation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sanitation（页面不存在）">Sanitation</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanitation" class="extiw" title="en:Sanitation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sanitation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="水资源冲突" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Water conflict"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%E5%86%B2%E7%AA%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="水资源冲突（页面不存在）">冲突</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_conflict" class="extiw" title="en:Water conflict"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Water conflict</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AF%80%E6%B0%B4" title="節水">節水</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="峰值水" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Peak water"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B3%B0%E5%80%BC%E6%B0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="峰值水（页面不存在）">峰值水</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peak_water" class="extiw" title="en:Peak water"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Peak water</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="水污染">污染</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="水务民营化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Water privatization"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E5%8A%A1%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="水务民营化（页面不存在）">民营化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_privatization" class="extiw" title="en:Water privatization"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Water privatization</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E8%B3%AA" title="水質">水質</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%AC%8A" title="水權">水权</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="水资源">资源</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86" title="水管理">管理</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="水资源政策" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Water resource policy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="水资源政策（页面不存在）">政策</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_resource_policy" class="extiw" title="en:Water resource policy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Water resource policy</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相关</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="公地" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Commons"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="公地（页面不存在）">公地</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commons" class="extiw" title="en:Commons"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Commons</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%88%E5%9C%B0%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="圈地运动">圈地</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="全球公地" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Global commons"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="全球公地（页面不存在）">全球公地</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_commons" class="extiw" title="en:Global commons"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Global commons</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="公有土地" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Common land"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%89%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="公有土地（页面不存在）">公有土地</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_land" class="extiw" title="en:Common land"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Common land</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%B0%E6%82%B2%E5%8A%87" title="公地悲劇">悲剧</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="自然资源经济" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Natural resource economics"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自然资源经济（页面不存在）">经济</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_resource_economics" class="extiw" title="en:Natural resource economics"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Natural resource economics</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%AD%B8" title="生態經濟學">生态</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0_(%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%AD%B8)" title="土地 (經濟學)">土地</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E6%9C%8D%E5%8B%99" title="生態系統服務">生態系統服務</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%B3%87%E6%BA%90%E9%96%8B%E6%8E%A1" title="自然資源開採">开采</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8E%E5%BA%A6%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC" title="過度開發">過度開發</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E8%B6%85%E8%BD%BD%E6%97%A5" title="地球超载日">地球超载日</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="自然资源管理" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Natural resource management"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%B3%87%E6%BA%90%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86" title="自然資源管理">管理</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_resource_management" class="extiw" title="en:Natural resource management"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Natural resource management</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="适应性管理" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Adaptive management"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%82%E5%BA%94%E6%80%A7%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="适应性管理（页面不存在）">适应性</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive_management" class="extiw" title="en:Adaptive management"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Adaptive management</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="自然资产" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Natural capital"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%B3%87%E7%94%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="自然資產">自然资产</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_capital" class="extiw" title="en:Natural capital"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Natural capital</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="自然资产会计" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Natural capital accounting"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%B5%84%E4%BA%A7%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自然资产会计（页面不存在）">会计</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_capital_accounting" class="extiw" title="en:Natural capital accounting"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Natural capital accounting</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E5%8C%BA" title="自然保护区">自然保护区</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="系统生态" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Systems ecology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="系统生态（页面不存在）">系统生态</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_ecology" class="extiw" title="en:Systems ecology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Systems ecology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E5%AD%B8" title="都市生態學">都市生態學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E9%87%8E" title="原野">原野</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="资源">资源</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="公共池塘资源" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Common-pool resource"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E6%B1%A0%E5%A1%98%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="公共池塘资源（页面不存在）">公共池塘资源</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common-pool_resource" class="extiw" title="en:Common-pool resource"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Common-pool resource</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="衝突資源" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Conflict resource"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A1%9D%E7%AA%81%E8%B3%87%E6%BA%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="衝突資源（页面不存在）">衝突資源</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conflict_resource" class="extiw" title="en:Conflict resource"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Conflict resource</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E6%BA%90%E8%A9%9B%E5%92%92" title="資源詛咒">資源詛咒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%E6%9E%AF%E7%AB%AD" title="资源枯竭">枯竭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="自然资源">提取</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="资源民族主义">民族主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E5%86%8D%E7%94%9F%E8%B3%87%E6%BA%90" title="可再生資源">可再生</a> / <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%8F%AF%E5%86%8D%E7%94%9F%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90" title="不可再生能源">不可再生</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="主题"><img alt="主题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E9%A6%96%E9%A0%81" title="Portal:首頁">主题</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A%E5%92%8C%E5%86%9C%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:农业和农学">农业和农学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90" title="Portal:能源">能源</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83" title="Portal:環境">环境</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%8D%95%E9%B1%BC" title="Portal:捕鱼">捕鱼</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="共享资源页面"><img alt="共享资源页面" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span><a 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