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土卫二 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书
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href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录,但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C" title="建议你登录,尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-命名" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#命名"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>命名</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-命名-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-探测" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#探测"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>探测</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-探测-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关探测子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-探测-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-旅行者太空船" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#旅行者太空船"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>旅行者太空船</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-旅行者太空船-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-卡西尼号太空船" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#卡西尼号太空船"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>卡西尼号太空船</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-卡西尼号太空船-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-轨道" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#轨道"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>轨道</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-轨道-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关轨道子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-轨道-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-E环的来源地的角色" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#E环的来源地的角色"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>E环的来源地的角色</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-E环的来源地的角色-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-物理特征" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#物理特征"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>物理特征</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-物理特征-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关物理特征子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-物理特征-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-大小与外形" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#大小与外形"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>大小与外形</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-大小与外形-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-表面" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#表面"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>表面</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-表面-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-撞击坑" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#撞击坑"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>撞击坑</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-撞击坑-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-地质构造" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#地质构造"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.2</span> <span>地质构造</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-地质构造-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-平坦地形" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#平坦地形"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.3</span> <span>平坦地形</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-平坦地形-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-南极地区" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#南极地区"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.4</span> <span>南极地区</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-南极地区-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-冰火山" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#冰火山"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>冰火山</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-冰火山-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-内部结构" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#内部结构"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>内部结构</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-内部结构-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-液态水存在的可能性" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#液态水存在的可能性"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>液态水存在的可能性</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-液态水存在的可能性-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-土卫二上的夜空" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#土卫二上的夜空"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>土卫二上的夜空</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-土卫二上的夜空-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考文獻" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考文獻"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>參考文獻</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考文獻-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-注释" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#注释"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>注释</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-注释-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">土卫二</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。87种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-87" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">87种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enkelados_(maan)" title="Enkelados (maan) – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Enkelados (maan)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enceladus_(Mond)" title="Enceladus (Mond) – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Enceladus (Mond)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encelado_(satelite)" title="Encelado (satelite) – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Encelado (satelite)" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3" title="إنسيلادوس – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إنسيلادوس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enselad_(peyk)" title="Enselad (peyk) – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Enselad (peyk)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3_(%D9%82%D9%85%D8%B1)" title="انسلادوس (قمر) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="انسلادوس (قمر)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4_(%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88)" title="Энцелад (юлдаш) – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Энцелад (юлдаш)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4_(%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0)" title="Энцэлад (спадарожнік Сатурна) – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Энцэлад (спадарожнік Сатурна)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4_(%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%8A%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Енцелад (спътник) – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Енцелад (спътник)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enkelad_(mjesec)" title="Enkelad (mjesec) – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Enkelad (mjesec)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enc%C3%A8lad_(sat%C3%A8l%C2%B7lit)" title="Encèlad (satèl·lit) – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Encèlad (satèl·lit)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enceladus_(%C3%B4i-s%C4%ADng)" title="Enceladus (ôi-sĭng) – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Enceladus (ôi-sĭng)" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8E%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3_(%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF)" title="ئێنسلادوس (مانگ) – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئێنسلادوس (مانگ)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enceladu" title="Enceladu – 科西嘉语" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Enceladu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="科西嘉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enceladus_(m%C4%9Bs%C3%ADc)" title="Enceladus (měsíc) – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Enceladus (měsíc)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4_(%C3%A7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%88)" title="Энцелад (çулташ) – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Энцелад (çулташ)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enceladws_(lloeren)" title="Enceladws (lloeren) – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Enceladws (lloeren)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enceladus_(m%C3%A5ne)" title="Enceladus (måne) – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Enceladus (måne)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enceladus_(Mond)" title="Enceladus (Mond) – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Enceladus (Mond)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%82_(%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%85%CF%86%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82)" title="Εγκέλαδος (δορυφόρος) – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εγκέλαδος (δορυφόρος)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enceladus" title="Enceladus – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Enceladus" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encelado_(luno)" title="Encelado (luno) – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Encelado (luno)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enc%C3%A9lado_(sat%C3%A9lite)" title="Encélado (satélite) – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Encélado (satélite)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enceladus" title="Enceladus – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Enceladus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entzelado_(satelitea)" title="Entzelado (satelitea) – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Entzelado (satelitea)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3" title="انسلادوس – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="انسلادوس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enceladus" title="Enceladus – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Enceladus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encelade_(lune)" title="Encelade (lune) – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Encelade (lune)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enceladus" title="Enceladus – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Enceladus" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enc%C3%A9lado_(l%C3%BAa)" title="Encélado (lúa) – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Encélado (lúa)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enceladus" title="Enceladus – 马恩语" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Enceladus" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="马恩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A1" title="אנקלדוס – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אנקלדוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B8_(%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9)" title="ऍनसॅलअडस (उपग्रह) – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ऍनसॅलअडस (उपग्रह)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encelad_(mjesec)" title="Encelad (mjesec) – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Encelad (mjesec)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enceladus" title="Enceladus – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Enceladus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%B6%D6%81%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%A4_(%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%AF)" title="Էնցելադ (արբանյակ) – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էնցելադ (արբանյակ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enceladus_(satelit)" title="Enceladus (satelit) – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Enceladus (satelit)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enceladus" title="Enceladus – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Enceladus" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encelado_(astronomia)" title="Encelado (astronomia) – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Encelado (astronomia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B1%E3%83%A9%E3%83%89%E3%82%A5%E3%82%B9_(%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F)" title="エンケラドゥス (衛星) – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エンケラドゥス (衛星)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89ns%C3%A9ladus_(satelit)" title="Énséladus (satelit) – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Énséladus (satelit)" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AA%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ენცელადი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ენცელადი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4_(%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BA)" title="Энцелад (серік) – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Энцелад (серік)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%94%EC%85%80%EB%9D%BC%EB%91%90%EC%8A%A4" title="엔셀라두스 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="엔셀라두스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Энцелад – 科米语" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Энцелад" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="科米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enceladus_(satelles)" title="Enceladus (satelles) – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Enceladus (satelles)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enceladus_(Mound)" title="Enceladus (Mound) – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Enceladus (Mound)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encelado_(corp_celest)" title="Encelado (corp celest) – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Encelado (corp celest)" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enceladas_(palydovas)" title="Enceladas (palydovas) – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Enceladas (palydovas)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encelads_(pavadonis)" title="Encelads (pavadonis) – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Encelads (pavadonis)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4_(%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0)" title="Енкелад (месечина) – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Енкелад (месечина)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%8E%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="എൻസിലാഡസ് – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="എൻസിലാഡസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81" title="Энселадус – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Энселадус" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B8_(%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9)" title="एन्सेलाडस (शनीचा उपग्रह) – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="एन्सेलाडस (शनीचा उपग्रह)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enceladus_(bulan)" title="Enceladus (bulan) – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Enceladus (bulan)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anc%C3%A9lado_(sat%C3%A9lite)" title="Ancélado (satélite) – 米兰德斯语" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Ancélado (satélite)" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="米兰德斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%86%E1%80%B2%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA_(%E1%80%82%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9F%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B6%E1%80%9C)" title="အန်ဆဲလ်ဒပ်စ် (ဂြိုဟ်ရံလ) – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အန်ဆဲလ်ဒပ်စ် (ဂြိုဟ်ရံလ)" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enceladus_(maan)" title="Enceladus (maan) – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Enceladus (maan)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enceladus" title="Enceladus – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Enceladus" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enceladus_(m%C3%A5ne)" title="Enceladus (måne) – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Enceladus (måne)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encelad_(luna)" title="Encelad (luna) – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Encelad (luna)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enceladus_(ksi%C4%99%C5%BCyc)" title="Enceladus (księżyc) – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Enceladus (księżyc)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3" title="انسلادوس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="انسلادوس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enc%C3%A9lado_(sat%C3%A9lite)" title="Encélado (satélite) – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Encélado (satélite)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enceladus_(satelit)" title="Enceladus (satelit) – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Enceladus (satelit)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4_(%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Энцелад (спутник) – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Энцелад (спутник)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enceladu" title="Enceladu – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Enceladu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enkelad_(mesec)" title="Enkelad (mesec) – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Enkelad (mesec)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enceladus_(moon)" title="Enceladus (moon) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Enceladus (moon)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enceladus_(mesiac)" title="Enceladus (mesiac) – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Enceladus (mesiac)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enkelad" title="Enkelad – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Enkelad" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4_(%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82)" title="Енкелад (сателит) – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Енкелад (сателит)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enceladus_(mun)" title="Enceladus (mun) – 苏里南汤加语" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Enceladus (mun)" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="苏里南汤加语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enceladus" title="Enceladus – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Enceladus" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81_(%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D)" title="என்சலடசு (துணைக்கோள்) – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="என்சலடசு (துணைக்கோள்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA" title="เอนเซลาดัส – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เอนเซลาดัส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enceladus" title="Enceladus – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Enceladus" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4_(%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD)" title="Энцелад (иярчен) – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Энцелад (иярчен)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4_(%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Енцелад (супутник) – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Енцелад (супутник)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3_(%DA%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF)" title="انسلادوس (چاند) – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="انسلادوس (چاند)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enceladus" title="Enceladus – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Enceladus" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enceladus_(v%E1%BB%87_tinh)" title="Enceladus (vệ tinh) – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Enceladus (vệ tinh)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enceladus_(bulan)" title="Enceladus (bulan) – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Enceladus (bulan)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C" title="土卫二 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="土卫二" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%A1%9B%E4%BA%8C" title="土衛二 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="土衛二" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enceladus_(o%C4%93-chhe%E2%81%BF)" title="Enceladus (oē-chheⁿ) – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Enceladus (oē-chheⁿ)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%A1%9E%E4%BA%8C" title="土衞二 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="土衞二" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3303#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> 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class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Enceladus" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3303" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科,自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">土衛二</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PIA17202_-_Approaching_Enceladus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/PIA17202_-_Approaching_Enceladus.jpg/260px-PIA17202_-_Approaching_Enceladus.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/PIA17202_-_Approaching_Enceladus.jpg/390px-PIA17202_-_Approaching_Enceladus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/PIA17202_-_Approaching_Enceladus.jpg/520px-PIA17202_-_Approaching_Enceladus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="1020" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E8%A5%BF%E5%B0%BC%E5%8F%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="卡西尼号">卡西尼号</a>所拍摄到的土卫二,影像接近真實色彩。</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#a0ffa0;">发现</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">發現者</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E6%AD%87%E5%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="威廉·赫歇尔">威廉·赫歇尔</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><span class="nowrap">發現日期</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1789年8月28日<sup id="cite_ref-CosmoVisions_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CosmoVisions-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#a0ffa0;">編號</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8%E8%87%A8%E6%99%82%E7%B7%A8%E8%99%9F" title="天文學臨時編號">其它名稱</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">恩克拉多斯</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8C%E9%81%93%E5%8F%83%E6%95%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="軌道參數">軌道參數</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%95%B7%E8%BB%B8" title="半長軸">半長軸</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">23万7948公里</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8C%E9%81%93%E9%9B%A2%E5%BF%83%E7%8E%87" title="軌道離心率">離心率</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">0.0047<sup id="cite_ref-Porco_Helfenstein_et_al._2006_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Porco_Helfenstein_et_al._2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F" title="轨道周期">軌道週期</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1.370218地球日或118386.82秒<sup id="cite_ref-solarsys_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-solarsys-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8C%E9%81%93%E5%82%BE%E8%A7%92" title="軌道傾角">軌道傾角</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">0.019°(相对于土星赤道)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%84%B6%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="天然衛星">隸屬天体</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F" title="土星">土星</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#a0ffa0;">物理特徵</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">大小</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">513.2×502.8×496.6公里<sup id="cite_ref-Thomas_2006_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomas_2006-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">平均半徑</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">252.1 ± 0.1公里(0.0395倍地球半径)<sup id="cite_ref-Jacobson_Antreasian_et_al._2006_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jacobson_Antreasian_et_al._2006-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%AA%E9%87%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="質量">質量</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">(1.08022 ± 0.00101)×10<sup>20</sup>千克<sup id="cite_ref-Jacobson_Antreasian_et_al._2006_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jacobson_Antreasian_et_al._2006-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>(1.8×10<sup>-5</sup><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F" title="地球质量">M<sub>⊕</sub></a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">平均<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6" title="密度">密度</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1.6096 ± 0.0024克/立方厘米<sup id="cite_ref-Jacobson_Antreasian_et_al._2006_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jacobson_Antreasian_et_al._2006-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E7%89%B9%E5%BE%81" title="基本小行星物理特征">表面重力</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">0.111 <a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E9%80%9F%E5%BA%A6" title="加速度">m/s<sup>2</sup></a>(0.0113倍<a href="/wiki/G%E5%8A%9B" title="G力">地球表面重力</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%83%E9%80%B8%E9%80%9F%E5%BA%A6" title="逃逸速度">逃逸速度</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">0.239公里/秒(860.4公里/小时)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E8%BD%89%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F" title="自轉週期">自轉週期</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E6%B1%90%E9%8E%96%E5%AE%9A" title="潮汐鎖定">同转卫星</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%89%E8%BB%B8%E5%82%BE%E8%A7%92" title="轉軸傾角">轉軸傾角</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">0</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E7%85%A7%E7%8E%87" title="反照率">反照率</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1.375 ± 0.008(<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E7%85%A7%E7%8E%87" title="反照率">几何反照率</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Verbiscer_et_al._2007_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Verbiscer_et_al._2007-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><table style="border-spacing: 0px; width:100%; border:none; background-color:#f9f9f9; margin:0; text-align:left; line-height:1.2em; white-space:nowrap"><tbody><tr> <th style="width:33%; padding-right:0.25em; text-align:left">表面<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="溫度">溫度</a></th> <th style="padding-right:0.25em; text-align:left">最低</th> <th style="padding-right:0.25em; text-align:left">平均</th> <th style="padding-right:0.25em; text-align:left">最高</th> </tr><tr> <th style="padding-left:1.0em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6%E6%B8%A9%E6%A0%87" title="热力学温标">热力学温标</a><sup id="cite_ref-Spencer_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spencer-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <td>32.9 <a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8%E6%BA%AB%E6%A8%99" class="mw-redirect" title="熱力學溫標">K</a></td> <td>75 K</td> <td>145 K</td> </tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%96%E6%98%9F%E7%AD%89" class="mw-redirect" title="視星等">視星等</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">11.7 <sup id="cite_ref-magnitude_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-magnitude-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#a0ffa0;">大氣特徵</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">表面<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E5%A3%93" class="mw-redirect" title="氣壓">氣壓</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">極小,但變化很大。 <sup id="cite_ref-Dougherty_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dougherty-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hansen_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hansen-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="大气化学">成分</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">91% <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%B0%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="水氣">水氣</a><br />4% <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE" title="氮">氮</a><br />3.2% <a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A2%B3" title="二氧化碳">二氧化碳</a><br />1.7% <a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E7%83%B7" title="甲烷">甲烷</a><sup id="cite_ref-Waite_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Waite-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>土卫二</b>又稱為「<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%A9%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%9A%E6%96%AF" title="恩克拉多斯">恩克拉多斯</a>」(<span lang="en">Enceladus</span>),是<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F" title="土星">土星</a>的第六大<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="卫星">卫星</a><sup id="cite_ref-Discovery_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Discovery-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,于1789年为<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E6%AD%87%E5%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="威廉·赫歇尔">威廉·赫歇尔</a>所发现。<sup id="cite_ref-Herschel_1790_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Herschel_1790-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>在旅行者號於1980年代探測土星之前,人們只知道土衛二是一個被冰覆蓋的衛星。旅行者號顯示土衛二直徑約为500公里(相当于土星最大的衛星<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E5%85%AD" title="土卫六">土卫六</a>直径的十分之一),而且其表面幾乎能反射百分之百的陽光。<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%85%E8%A1%8C%E8%80%851%E5%8F%B7" title="旅行者1号">旅行者1号</a>发现土卫二的轨道位于土星<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F%E7%92%B0#E環" title="土星環">E环</a>最稠密的部分,表明两者之间可能存在某种联系;而<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%85%E8%A1%8C%E8%80%852%E5%8F%B7" title="旅行者2号">旅行者2号</a>则发现:尽管该卫星体积不大,但是在其表面既存在古老的<a href="/wiki/%E6%92%9E%E5%87%BB%E5%9D%91" title="撞击坑">撞击坑</a>构造,又存在较为年轻的、地质活动所造成的扭曲地形构造——其中一些地区的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="地质年代">地质年代</a>甚至只有1亿年。 </p><p>二十世纪末发射并于二十一世紀初抵達土星附近的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E8%A5%BF%E5%B0%BC-%E6%83%A0%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%AF%E5%8F%B7" title="卡西尼-惠更斯号">卡西尼号太空船</a>则提供了大量的数据,解开了旅行者探访之后留下的诸多疑团。在2005年,卡西尼飞船数次近距离掠过土卫二,获得了该卫星表面及其环境的大量数据,特别是发现了从该卫星南极地区喷射出的富含水分的羽状物。该发现,以及可探测到的逃逸内能的存在、南极地区极少存在撞击坑的情况,共同证明了土卫二至今仍然存在地质活动。在<a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%9E%E6%9C%A8%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="類木行星">巨行星</a>的卫星系统中,许多卫星都会成为<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93%E5%85%B1%E6%8C%AF" title="轨道共振">轨道共振</a>的牺牲品,这会导致星体震动和轨道的扰动,而对于更加靠近行星的卫星,<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E6%B1%90%E6%95%88%E5%BA%94" class="mw-redirect" title="潮汐效应">潮汐效应</a>则会加热行星的内部,这或许可以解释土卫二的地质活动。 </p><p>2014年,<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%B8%BD%E7%BD%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="美國太空總署">美國太空總署</a>宣佈,<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E8%A5%BF%E5%B0%BC%E5%8F%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="卡西尼号">卡西尼號</a>發現了土衛二南極地底存在液態水海洋的證據,海洋厚度約為10公里。<sup id="cite_ref-NASA-20140403_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA-20140403-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Witze2014_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Witze2014-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SCI-20140404_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SCI-20140404-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>南極附近的<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="冰火山">冰火山</a>向太空噴出大量水氣和其他揮發物,夾雜類似<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%88%89" class="mw-redirect" title="氯化鈉">氯化鈉</a>晶體、水冰等固態粒子,噴射量約為每秒200公斤。<sup id="cite_ref-Lovett_cosmos_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lovett_cosmos-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hansen2006_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hansen2006-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Spencer2013a_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spencer2013a-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>噴出的水當中有一部份以「<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%AA" title="雪">雪</a>」的形態落回土衛二表面,亦有一部份融入<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F%E7%92%B0" title="土星環">土星環</a>中,還有一部份甚至能夠到達土星。這些羽狀噴射物也為土星E環的物質來源於土衛二的觀點提供了重要的證據。2015年9月16日,<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%B8%BD%E7%BD%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="美國太空總署">美國太空總署</a>确认,根据<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E8%A5%BF%E5%B0%BC%E5%8F%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="卡西尼号">卡西尼號</a>的探测数据,其表面冰层下面拥有全球性海洋,而且海洋的底部有水热活动,即存在海底热泉。<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>由於接近地表處有水的存在,所以土衛二是尋找地外生物的最佳地點之一。分析指出,土衛二的噴射現象源自地表下的液態水海洋。噴射物的化學成分以及引力場模型表明地下液態水源體是與岩石接觸的<sup id="cite_ref-Witze2014_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Witze2014-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,所以可能是<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E9%AB%94%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="天體生物學">天體生物學</a>中極為重要的研究對象。2022年加州大學戴維斯分校的科學家團隊說明模型認為土衛二繞土星公轉軌道的變化會造成1億年間土衛二變暖和變冷循環,每個週期冰殼都會經歷一段變薄和變厚時期。研究人員認為冰體積比水大,土衛二向下膨脹的冰殼使海洋壓力增加,也會對冰層產生壓力形成虎紋裂縫,由此做出到達地表的通道,當流體到達地表遇上真空環境而<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%87%E8%8F%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="昇華">昇華</a>時就會呈現羽狀噴泉。<sup id="cite_ref-Ciclops1881_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ciclops1881-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="命名"><span id=".E5.91.BD.E5.90.8D"></span>命名</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节:命名"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>土卫二(<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%A9%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%9A%E6%96%AF" title="恩克拉多斯">恩克拉多斯</a>)以希腊神话中的巨人恩克拉多斯命名。该名字及其他六颗第一批被发现的土星卫星的名称都由<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E6%AD%87%E5%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="威廉·赫歇尔">威廉·赫歇尔</a>的儿子<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E6%AD%87%E5%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="约翰·赫歇尔">约翰·赫歇尔</a>在其1847年出版的《在好望角天文观测的结果》(Results of Astronomical Observations made at the Cape of Good Hope)中率先提出。<sup id="cite_ref-Lassell_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lassell-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>如此命名的理由是:土星所代表的农神<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E5%9B%BE%E5%B0%94%E5%8A%AA%E6%96%AF" title="萨图尔努斯">萨图尔努斯</a>即为<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="希腊神话">希腊神话</a>中<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%9D%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="泰坦">泰坦族</a>的领袖<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E8%AF%BA%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="克罗诺斯">克罗诺斯</a>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="国际天文学联合会">国际天文学联合会</a>以阿拉伯文学作品《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E5%8D%83%E9%9B%B6%E4%B8%80%E5%A4%9C" title="一千零一夜">一千零一夜</a>》中的人名和地名命名土卫二的地表构造。<sup id="cite_ref-NameCategories_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NameCategories-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>其中撞击坑以人物命名,其他地质结构如深谷、山脊、平原和槽沟则以地点命名。迄今为止国际天文联合会共正式命名了57处地质结构,另有22处于1982年为旅行者号所发现的地质结构亦得到了命名;此外,对2005年卡西尼号在其三次飞掠中发现的35处地质结构的命名也于2006年11月获得了认可。<sup id="cite_ref-NewNames_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NewNames-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>这些被认可的命名包括了撒马尔罕槽沟,阿拉丁陨石坑和锡兰平原等。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="探测"><span id=".E6.8E.A2.E6.B5.8B"></span>探测</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节:探测"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Enceladus_from_Voyager.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Enceladus_from_Voyager.jpg/200px-Enceladus_from_Voyager.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Enceladus_from_Voyager.jpg/300px-Enceladus_from_Voyager.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Enceladus_from_Voyager.jpg/400px-Enceladus_from_Voyager.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1004" data-file-height="1004" /></a><figcaption>1981年8月26日旅行者2号所拍摄的土卫二面对的半球,显示出年轻地表。</figcaption></figure> <table class="toccolours" style="float:left; font-size:75%; margin:0 0 1em 1em;" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <th bgcolor="#a0ffa0" colspan="2">卡西尼号飞掠土卫二之计划表<sup id="cite_ref-PlanetarySocTable_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PlanetarySocTable-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th align="right">日期 <hr /> </th> <th align="right">距离 (公里) <hr /> </th></tr> <tr> <td align="right">2005年2月17日 </td> <td align="right">1 264 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">2005年3月9日 </td> <td align="right">500 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">2005年3月29日 </td> <td align="right">64 000 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">2005年5月21日 </td> <td align="right">93 000 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">2005年7月14日 </td> <td align="right">175 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">2005年10月12日 </td> <td align="right">49 000 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">2005年12月24日 </td> <td align="right">94 000 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">2006年1月17日 </td> <td align="right">146 000 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">2006年9月9日 </td> <td align="right">40 000 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">2006年11月9日 </td> <td align="right">95 000 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">2007年6月28日 </td> <td align="right">90 000 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">2007年9月30日 </td> <td align="right">98 000 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">2008年3月12日 </td> <td align="right">52 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">2008年6月30日 </td> <td align="right">84 000 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">2008年8月11日 </td> <td align="right">54 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">2008年10月9日 </td> <td align="right">25 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">2008年10月31日 </td> <td align="right">200 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">2008年11月8日 </td> <td align="right">52 804 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">2009年11月2日 </td> <td align="right">103 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">2009年11月21日 </td> <td align="right">1 607 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">2010年4月28日 </td> <td align="right">103 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">2010年5月18日 </td> <td align="right">201 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>1789年8月28日,<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E6%AD%87%E5%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="威廉·赫歇尔">威廉·赫歇尔</a>在第一次使用他的1.2米望远镜——当时世界上直径最大的望远镜——时发现了土卫二。<sup id="cite_ref-Herschel_1795_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Herschel_1795-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Frommert_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frommert-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>其实在1787年,赫歇尔就已经通过他的16.5厘米望远镜观测到这颗卫星,只是当时未得到确认。<sup id="cite_ref-Soylent_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Soylent-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>由于土卫二糟糕的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%86%E6%98%9F%E7%AD%89" title="视星等">视星等</a>(高达11.7等),同时它又靠近明亮得多的土星及其光环,从地球上很难观测到这颗卫星,只有通过透镜直径达15-30厘米的望远镜才能观测到,这还取决于当时当地的大气状况和<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" class="mw-redirect" title="光污染">光污染</a>程度。作为太空时代之前发现的众多土星卫星之一,土卫二的最佳观测时间是在环面穿越时期,此时土星环垂直于地球运行点的切线,在地球上只能观测到一条细线,土星环的亮度大为降低,故为观测土卫二的最佳时机。<sup id="cite_ref-Terrile_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Terrile-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Enceladus_geysers_June_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Enceladus_geysers_June_2009.jpg/200px-Enceladus_geysers_June_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Enceladus_geysers_June_2009.jpg/300px-Enceladus_geysers_June_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Enceladus_geysers_June_2009.jpg/400px-Enceladus_geysers_June_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1580" data-file-height="977" /></a><figcaption>在靠近土卫二南极的著名的“<a href="/wiki/%E8%99%8E%E7%9A%AE%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%B9" title="虎皮条纹">虎皮条纹(土卫二)</a>”区域有许多地方喷出的水冰形成大大小小的羽状的喷射物。从左到右的四个主要条状物分别是大马士革、巴格达、开罗、和亚历山大沟状的地形正在被太阳<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%86%E5%85%89" class="mw-redirect" title="逆光">逆光</a>照射。</figcaption></figure> <p>直到旅行者号计划实施后,对土卫二的观测才得到显著改善,而之前科学家所掌握的资料仅仅包括了该卫星的轨道特征及对其质量、密度和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E7%85%A7%E7%8E%87" title="反照率">反照率</a>的约略估计。<sup id="cite_ref-Voyager_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Voyager-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="旅行者太空船"><span id=".E6.97.85.E8.A1.8C.E8.80.85.E5.A4.AA.E7.A9.BA.E8.88.B9"></span>旅行者太空船</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节:旅行者太空船"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>两艘旅行者太空船获得了土卫二的首次特写镜头图像,其中<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%85%E8%A1%8C%E8%80%851%E5%8F%B7" title="旅行者1号">旅行者1号</a>是第一艘与土卫二擦肩而过的人造飞行器,它于1980年11月11日在距土卫二20万2千公里处掠过。<sup id="cite_ref-Voyager_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Voyager-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>尽管在这个距离上获得的影像资料<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E8%BE%A8%E7%8E%87" title="分辨率">分辨率</a>较低,但是仍然显示土卫二拥有一个高反照率并缺乏撞击坑的地表,这表明该卫星地表的地质年龄较低。<sup id="cite_ref-Terrile_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Terrile-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>旅行者1号亦证实土卫二的运行轨道恰好位于土星E环的稠密处;结合土卫二的年轻地表分析,参与旅行者飞船计划的科学家认为E环是由土卫二地表所喷射出的颗粒组成的。<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%85%E8%A1%8C%E8%80%852%E5%8F%B7" title="旅行者2号">旅行者2号</a>于1981年8月26日在距土卫二8万7010公里处飞掠而过,从而获得了关于这颗卫星更为清晰的影像资料。如图一所示,这些资料展示了这颗卫星年轻地表的诸多特征,也表明在这颗卫星的不同地区,其地质年龄存在极大不同。<sup id="cite_ref-Rothery_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rothery-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>在该卫星北半球中、高纬度地区,存在着大量的撞击坑,而在靠近赤道的地区,撞击坑的分布则相对较少。这种多样性的地貌特征与地质年龄古老、撞击坑众多的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%80" title="土卫一">土卫一</a>——该卫星较土卫二稍小——形成了鲜明对比。这种年轻地貌的发现在科学界引起了很大轰动——当时还没有任何理论可以解释为何一颗体积如此之小的天体(相较于暴烈的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%80" title="木卫一">木卫一</a>,它已经处于冷却状态)依然存在着地质活动。不过,旅行者2号的观测数据并不能证明土卫二现阶段是否仍存在地质活动,也无法确认该卫星是否就是E环物质的来源地。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="卡西尼号太空船"><span id=".E5.8D.A1.E8.A5.BF.E5.B0.BC.E5.8F.B7.E5.A4.AA.E7.A9.BA.E8.88.B9"></span>卡西尼号太空船</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节:卡西尼号太空船"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>这些谜团直到2004年7月1日<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E8%A5%BF%E5%B0%BC-%E6%83%A0%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%AF%E5%8F%B7" title="卡西尼-惠更斯号">卡西尼号太空船</a>进入环土星轨道后才得以解决。在旅行者2号观测结果的基础上,土卫二成为了卡西尼号飞船计划的一个优先观测目标。卡西尼号在1500公里范围内数次有目的性的飞掠,及在10万公里范围内众多非目的性的飞掠提供了大量的观测资料。迄今为止,卡西尼号共进行了4次近距离的飞掠,获得了众多关于土卫二表面的意义重大的信息,并发现了卫星南极地区发生的含有<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E8%92%B8%E6%B0%94" title="水蒸气">水蒸气</a>和复杂<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E6%B0%A2%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="碳氢化合物">碳氢化合物</a>的喷射现象。这些发现也促使卡西尼号的飞行轨道做出改变,对土卫二实施更近距离的飞掠,其中包括2008年3月的一次近距离相遇。在该次相遇中,卡西尼号对土卫二进行了精度达到52公里以内的探测。2008年至2010年间卡西尼号的后续任务包括了7次对土卫二的近距离飞掠,其中2008年下半年的两次飞掠距离近达50公里。<sup id="cite_ref-SpaceDaily02052007_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SpaceDaily02052007-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>卡西尼号在土卫二上的发现推动了数项研究计划的跟进。2007年,<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%B1%80" title="美国国家航空航天局">美国国家航空航天局</a>完成了一项向土卫二发射轨道飞行器并详细研究南极地区羽状喷射物的计划的概念性研究,<sup id="cite_ref-NASASSE_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASASSE-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>遗憾的是该计划未得到进一步实施。<sup id="cite_ref-PEN122007_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PEN122007-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E5%B1%80" title="欧洲空间局">欧洲空间局</a>也计划向土卫二发射<a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A2%E6%B5%8B%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="探测器">探测器</a>,该计划将与<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E5%85%AD" title="土卫六">土卫六</a>的研究计划共同实施。<sup id="cite_ref-TandEM_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TandEM-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>“<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%A1%9B%E5%85%AD%EF%BC%8D%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E4%BB%BB%E5%8B%99" class="mw-redirect" title="土衛六-土星系統任務">土衛六-土星系統任務</a>”是美国国家航空航天局和欧洲空间局联合提出的一项旨在探测土星系卫星(包括土卫二)的计划,与之相竞争的则是“<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E8%A1%9B%E4%BA%8C%EF%BC%8D%E6%9C%A8%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E4%BB%BB%E5%8B%99" class="mw-redirect" title="木衛二-木星系統任務">木衛二-木星系統任務</a>”。2009年2月,美国国家航空航天局和欧洲空间局宣布将优先实施木卫二-木星计划,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>同时也将继续研究土卫六-土星计划的可行性,择机实施。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="轨道"><span id=".E8.BD.A8.E9.81.93"></span>轨道</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节:轨道"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Enceladus_orbit_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Enceladus_orbit_2.jpg/250px-Enceladus_orbit_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Enceladus_orbit_2.jpg/375px-Enceladus_orbit_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Enceladus_orbit_2.jpg/500px-Enceladus_orbit_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="632" data-file-height="632" /></a><figcaption>图二:从土星北极上方观测的土卫二轨道图(红色高亮部分)</figcaption></figure> <p>土卫二属土星的内层大卫星。按距离土星由近及远排序,土卫二位居第14位,它的轨道位于土星E环的稠密部分。 </p><p>土卫二在距土星中心23万8千公里、距其云层顶部18万公里的轨道上环绕土星运转,其轨道位于<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%80" title="土卫一">土卫一</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89" title="土卫三">土卫三</a>之间,<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E8%BD%AC%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="公转周期">公转周期</a>为32.9小时(可以通过一个晚上的观测发现其位移)。其轨道与土卫四的轨道形成了2:1的轨道共振,即每当它完成两次公转,土卫四即完成一次公转。这种<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93%E5%85%B1%E6%8C%AF" title="轨道共振">轨道共振</a>关系导致土卫二轨道的离心率达到了0.0047,并为其地质活动提供了加热源。<sup id="cite_ref-Porco_Helfenstein_et_al._2006_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Porco_Helfenstein_et_al._2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>如同大部分土星的大卫星一般,土卫二的自转与公转相同步,它永远都保持着同一面面向土星。不同于月球,土卫二并没有出现<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E8%BD%89%E8%BB%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="自轉軸">自转轴</a>的摆动(而月球则有超过1.5°的摆动)。不过,对土卫二外形的分析表明,有时候它会由于外力作用——如土卫四的轨道共振效应——而产生自转轨道的扰动。<sup id="cite_ref-Porco_Helfenstein_et_al._2006_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Porco_Helfenstein_et_al._2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>这种扰动亦能够为土卫二提供额外的加热源。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="E环的来源地的角色"><span id="E.E7.8E.AF.E7.9A.84.E6.9D.A5.E6.BA.90.E5.9C.B0.E7.9A.84.E8.A7.92.E8.89.B2"></span>E环的来源地的角色</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节:E环的来源地的角色"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>E环是土星的最外层光环,极其宽大(是土星环中最宽的环),但也极其稀薄,构成物质仅为极细小的冰晶和粉尘。该环起始于土卫一的轨道,一直延伸至<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%94" title="土卫五">土卫五</a>的轨道附近,甚至有观测者认为它已经延伸至<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E5%85%AD" title="土卫六">土卫六</a>的轨道附近了,如此算来,其宽度将达100万公里。然而,众多的数学公式都显示这样的环是不稳定的,只能维持1万至100万年。由此看来,构成该环的颗粒必然是从某处得到了源源不断的补充,而土卫二的运行轨道则正好处于环带之中,并且位于环带中最稠密的部分。因此,某些理论推测土卫二是构成E环的颗粒的来源地。而卡西尼号的观测结果支持了这种观点。 </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 332.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 330.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saturn%27s_Rings_PIA03550.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="土卫二轨道的侧面图,该图显示了土卫二与土星E环的关系"><img alt="土卫二轨道的侧面图,该图显示了土卫二与土星E环的关系" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Saturn%27s_Rings_PIA03550.jpg/496px-Saturn%27s_Rings_PIA03550.jpg" decoding="async" width="331" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Saturn%27s_Rings_PIA03550.jpg/744px-Saturn%27s_Rings_PIA03550.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Saturn%27s_Rings_PIA03550.jpg/992px-Saturn%27s_Rings_PIA03550.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2672" data-file-height="970" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">土卫二轨道的侧面图,该图显示了土卫二与土星E环的关系</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 183.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 181.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:E_ring_with_Enceladus.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="土卫二在土星E环内运行"><img alt="土卫二在土星E环内运行" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/E_ring_with_Enceladus.jpg/272px-E_ring_with_Enceladus.jpg" decoding="async" width="182" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/E_ring_with_Enceladus.jpg/408px-E_ring_with_Enceladus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/E_ring_with_Enceladus.jpg/544px-E_ring_with_Enceladus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="675" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">土卫二在土星E环内运行</div> </li> </ul> <p>事实上,共有两种不同的机制补充着环带的颗粒。<sup id="cite_ref-Spahn_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spahn-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>第一种机制,同时也可能是最重要的,是土卫二南极地区<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="冰火山">冰火山</a>的羽状喷射物,尽管大部分的喷射物都落回卫星表面,但由于土卫二的<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%83%E9%80%B8%E9%80%9F%E5%BA%A6" title="逃逸速度">逃逸速度</a>仅为866公里/小时,故仍有部分物质逃逸出土卫二的重力控制而进入环绕土星的轨道。第二种机制是<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E6%98%9F" title="流星">流星</a>对土卫二的轰击造成其表面扬起的粉尘进入环带。这种机制并非土卫二所独有,它对E环中的所有卫星都有效。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="物理特征"><span id=".E7.89.A9.E7.90.86.E7.89.B9.E5.BE.81"></span>物理特征</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节:物理特征"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="大小与外形"><span id=".E5.A4.A7.E5.B0.8F.E4.B8.8E.E5.A4.96.E5.BD.A2"></span>大小与外形</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节:大小与外形"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>土卫二是一颗相对较小的卫星,平均直径为505公里,只有月球直径的七分之一,比<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%88%97%E9%A2%A0" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="不列颠">不列颠</a>岛的最大长度还稍小,而其大小也和不列颠岛不相上下。而<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%88%A9%E6%A1%91%E9%82%A3%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="亚利桑那州">亚利桑那州</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%BD%97%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%9A%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="科罗拉多州">科罗拉多州</a>也能够容得下这颗卫星。不过若论其球体面积,则比以上这些区域要大得多,它的面积达80万平方公里,相当于<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%A1%91%E6%AF%94%E5%85%8B" title="莫桑比克">莫桑比克</a>的国土面积,比<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%90%A8%E6%96%AF%E5%B7%9E" title="德克萨斯州">德克萨斯州</a>大15%。 </p><p>土卫二的质量和直径都位列土星卫星的第六位,居于土卫六(5150公里)、土卫五(1530公里)、土卫八(1440公里)、土卫四(1120公里)和土卫三(1050公里)之后。它也是土星拥有的最小的球状卫星之一,除了它和土卫一(390公里)之外,其他的小卫星均为不规则形状。 </p><p>事实上土卫二为一个<a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%AD%E7%90%83" title="椭球">扁平椭球体</a>,依据卡西尼号发回的照片进行测算,土卫二的三轴长度为513(a)×503(b)×497(c)公里<sup id="cite_ref-Porco_Helfenstein_et_al._2006_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Porco_Helfenstein_et_al._2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,其中(a)为面向土星面与背向土星面两极间的距离,(b)为星体凹面与凸面两极间的距离,(c)为南极与北极之间的距离。土卫二围绕其短轴自转,而其长轴则成放射状地偏离土星。 </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 124.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 122.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Titan_and_Enceladus.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="土卫二(左上)运行凌至土卫六前方(卡西尼号摄于2006年2月5日)"><img alt="土卫二(左上)运行凌至土卫六前方(卡西尼号摄于2006年2月5日)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Titan_and_Enceladus.jpg/184px-Titan_and_Enceladus.jpg" decoding="async" width="123" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Titan_and_Enceladus.jpg/276px-Titan_and_Enceladus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Titan_and_Enceladus.jpg/368px-Titan_and_Enceladus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="552" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> 土卫二(左上)运行<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%8C_(%E5%A4%A9%E9%AB%94)" title="凌 (天體)">凌</a>至土卫六前方(卡西尼号摄于2006年2月5日)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 196.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 194.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Enceladus_Earth_Comparison_at_29_km_per_px.png" class="mw-file-description" title="地球和土卫二的大小比较,每个像素有29公里"><img alt="地球和土卫二的大小比较,每个像素有29公里" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Enceladus_Earth_Comparison_at_29_km_per_px.png/292px-Enceladus_Earth_Comparison_at_29_km_per_px.png" decoding="async" width="195" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Enceladus_Earth_Comparison_at_29_km_per_px.png/438px-Enceladus_Earth_Comparison_at_29_km_per_px.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Enceladus_Earth_Comparison_at_29_km_per_px.png/584px-Enceladus_Earth_Comparison_at_29_km_per_px.png 2x" data-file-width="748" data-file-height="461" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">地球和土卫二的大小比较,每个像素有29公里</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 128.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 126.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Enceladus_moon_to_scale-PIA07724.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="土卫二与英国的大小比较"><img alt="土卫二与英国的大小比较" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Enceladus_moon_to_scale-PIA07724.jpg/190px-Enceladus_moon_to_scale-PIA07724.jpg" decoding="async" width="127" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Enceladus_moon_to_scale-PIA07724.jpg/285px-Enceladus_moon_to_scale-PIA07724.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Enceladus_moon_to_scale-PIA07724.jpg/380px-Enceladus_moon_to_scale-PIA07724.jpg 2x" data-file-width="685" data-file-height="649" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">土卫二与英国的大小比较</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="表面"><span id=".E8.A1.A8.E9.9D.A2"></span>表面</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节:表面"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1981年8月,旅行者2号在人类历史上首次近距离地观测土卫二。对获得的图像信息进行分析后,科学家们发现了至少五种不同的地形,包括撞击坑地形、平坦地形(较年轻),而在平坦地形附近,则往往分布着山脊。<sup id="cite_ref-Rothery_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rothery-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>另外还观测到大量的线性地缝<sup id="cite_ref-cracks_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cracks-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>和悬崖。鉴于在平坦地区分布的撞击坑较少,科学家推测这些平坦地区的形成时间可能只有几亿年。所以,在较近的一段地质时间里,土卫二上必然发生了诸如“水火山”之类的地质活动,才能使得原先千疮百孔的地表平整如初。固态水(冰)使得土卫二表面发生了很大变化,使其成为太阳系中反射率最大的天体,它的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E7%85%A7%E7%8E%87" title="反照率">几何反照率</a>高达138%。<sup id="cite_ref-Verbiscer_et_al._2007_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Verbiscer_et_al._2007-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>正因为它反射了如此之多的阳光,其平整地表的夜间温度仅为-198℃(较其他土星卫星寒冷)。<sup id="cite_ref-Spencer_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spencer-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>卡西尼号在2005年2月17日、3月9日、7月14日三次飞掠土卫二,观测到了土卫二表面的更多细节。例如旅行者2号所观测到的平坦地形,实际上是一些撞击坑分布较少的地区,这类地区还分布有山脊和悬崖。同时,在地质年龄较大、撞击坑分布密集的地区,还发现了数目众多的地缝,这证明在撞击坑大量形成之后,这一地区还经历了剧烈的地质运动。<sup id="cite_ref-Rathbun_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rathbun-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>另外,在旅行者2号过去未详细勘测的地区,亦发现了几处较年轻的地形,如南极附近的一处古怪地形。<sup id="cite_ref-Porco_Helfenstein_et_al._2006_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Porco_Helfenstein_et_al._2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><div class="noresize thumb tnone" style=";"> <div class="thumbinner" style="overflow:hidden;width:444px;"> <div class="thumbimage" style="height:224px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; background-color:white;"> <div style=";left:0px; top:0px; width:442px; position:absolute;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Color_map_of_Enceladus_PIA18435_Nov._2014_full_size.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="增強的色彩映射(43.7兆字節);前半球上右"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Color_map_of_Enceladus_PIA18435_Nov._2014_full_size.jpg/442px-Color_map_of_Enceladus_PIA18435_Nov._2014_full_size.jpg" decoding="async" width="442" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Color_map_of_Enceladus_PIA18435_Nov._2014_full_size.jpg/663px-Color_map_of_Enceladus_PIA18435_Nov._2014_full_size.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Color_map_of_Enceladus_PIA18435_Nov._2014_full_size.jpg/884px-Color_map_of_Enceladus_PIA18435_Nov._2014_full_size.jpg 2x" data-file-width="16460" data-file-height="9980" /></a></span></div> <div style="text-align:left; background-color:transparent; line-height:110%;"> </div> <div style="visibility:hidden"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Color_map_of_Enceladus_PIA18435_Nov._2014_full_size.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Color_map_of_Enceladus_PIA18435_Nov._2014_full_size.jpg/442px-Color_map_of_Enceladus_PIA18435_Nov._2014_full_size.jpg" decoding="async" width="442" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Color_map_of_Enceladus_PIA18435_Nov._2014_full_size.jpg/663px-Color_map_of_Enceladus_PIA18435_Nov._2014_full_size.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Color_map_of_Enceladus_PIA18435_Nov._2014_full_size.jpg/884px-Color_map_of_Enceladus_PIA18435_Nov._2014_full_size.jpg 2x" data-file-width="16460" data-file-height="9980" /></a></span></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Color_map_of_Enceladus_PIA18435_Nov._2014_full_size.jpg" title="File:Color map of Enceladus PIA18435 Nov. 2014 full size.jpg"> </a></div>增強的色彩映射(43.7兆字節);前半球上右</div> </div></div> </td> <td><div class="noresize thumb tnone" style=";"> <div class="thumbinner" style="overflow:hidden;width:452px;"> <div class="thumbimage" style="height:224px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; background-color:white;"> <div style=";left:0px; top:0px; width:450px; position:absolute;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Color_polar_maps_of_Enceladus_PIA18435_Nov._2014_full_size.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="顏色極地地圖(18.8兆字節),南靠右側"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Color_polar_maps_of_Enceladus_PIA18435_Nov._2014_full_size.jpg/450px-Color_polar_maps_of_Enceladus_PIA18435_Nov._2014_full_size.jpg" decoding="async" width="450" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Color_polar_maps_of_Enceladus_PIA18435_Nov._2014_full_size.jpg/675px-Color_polar_maps_of_Enceladus_PIA18435_Nov._2014_full_size.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Color_polar_maps_of_Enceladus_PIA18435_Nov._2014_full_size.jpg/900px-Color_polar_maps_of_Enceladus_PIA18435_Nov._2014_full_size.jpg 2x" data-file-width="10692" data-file-height="7314" /></a></span></div> <div style="text-align:left; background-color:transparent; line-height:110%;"> </div> <div style="visibility:hidden"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Color_polar_maps_of_Enceladus_PIA18435_Nov._2014_full_size.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Color_polar_maps_of_Enceladus_PIA18435_Nov._2014_full_size.jpg/450px-Color_polar_maps_of_Enceladus_PIA18435_Nov._2014_full_size.jpg" decoding="async" width="450" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Color_polar_maps_of_Enceladus_PIA18435_Nov._2014_full_size.jpg/675px-Color_polar_maps_of_Enceladus_PIA18435_Nov._2014_full_size.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Color_polar_maps_of_Enceladus_PIA18435_Nov._2014_full_size.jpg/900px-Color_polar_maps_of_Enceladus_PIA18435_Nov._2014_full_size.jpg 2x" data-file-width="10692" data-file-height="7314" /></a></span></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Color_polar_maps_of_Enceladus_PIA18435_Nov._2014_full_size.jpg" title="File:Color polar maps of Enceladus PIA18435 Nov. 2014 full size.jpg"> </a></div>顏色極地地圖(18.8兆字節),南靠右側</div> </div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="撞击坑"><span id=".E6.92.9E.E5.87.BB.E5.9D.91"></span>撞击坑</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节:撞击坑"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EN003_Degraded_Craters_on_Enceladus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/EN003_Degraded_Craters_on_Enceladus.jpg/250px-EN003_Degraded_Craters_on_Enceladus.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/EN003_Degraded_Craters_on_Enceladus.jpg/375px-EN003_Degraded_Craters_on_Enceladus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/EN003_Degraded_Craters_on_Enceladus.jpg/500px-EN003_Degraded_Craters_on_Enceladus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>图六:土卫二上的破损撞击坑(2005年2月17日卡西尼号所摄):在照片的底部四分之一可以看到从左延伸至右的哈马罕槽沟。在哈马罕槽沟之上则是ct<sub>2</sub>地形单元。</figcaption></figure> <p>撞击坑是太阳系许多天体上存在的普遍现象。土卫二的许多区域都被分布密度不同、破损程度不同的撞击坑群所覆盖。在旅行者2号观测结果的基础上,科学家根据撞击坑分布密度的不同将其分为三类撞击坑地形单元。其中ct<sub>1</sub>和ct<sub>2</sub>虽然在撞击坑破损程度上有所不同,但都包含了数目众多的、直径达10-20公里的撞击坑;而cp则是分布有少量撞击坑的平坦地区。<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>这种基于撞击坑密度(及与此相关的地表年龄)而进行的撞击坑地形细分支持了认为土卫二曾经历过多阶段的地表重塑的观点。 </p><p>近期卡西尼号的观测则提供了关于ct<sub>2</sub>和cp地形单元的更多详细信息。这些高分辨率照片显示土卫二的许多撞击坑都出现了由粘性崩塌和结构性裂痕导致的严重破损。<sup id="cite_ref-Turtle_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turtle-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>粘性崩塌是<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="重力">重力</a>的作用所造成的撞击坑及其他水冰构成的地形的破损,这个作用过程需要经历漫长的地质时间,并将最终使该地区的地势趋于平缓。这个作用的效果取决于冰的温度,因为相较于温度较低、质地较硬的冰,温度较高的冰更容易遭到破坏。经历了粘性崩塌作用的撞击坑一般都有一个凸形底部,有时甚至只剩下一圈坑缘。图八左上角的大撞击坑——顿雅扎德撞击坑所拥有的凸形底部即是粘性崩塌作用的例证。另外,土卫二表面的许多撞击坑也已遭到结构性裂痕的严重破坏。照片底部中央偏右直径近10公里的撞击坑即是证明:宽度只有数百米至一千米的细长的裂痕已经严重破坏了该撞击坑的边缘和底部。迄今为止,几乎所有位于ct<sub>2</sub>地形单元中的撞击坑都有构造性变形的迹象。粘性崩塌和结构性裂痕的作用都证明了——尽管撞击坑地形地区是土卫二上地质年龄最大、撞击坑留存度最高的地区,但其中的几乎所有撞击坑都已处于某种被破坏的阶段。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="地质构造"><span id=".E5.9C.B0.E8.B4.A8.E6.9E.84.E9.80.A0"></span>地质构造</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节:地质构造"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Enceladus_PIA06191.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Enceladus_PIA06191.jpg/250px-Enceladus_PIA06191.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Enceladus_PIA06191.jpg/375px-Enceladus_PIA06191.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Enceladus_PIA06191.jpg/500px-Enceladus_PIA06191.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3750" data-file-height="2876" /></a><figcaption>图七:土卫二表面,拉伯塔伊特槽沟附近类似于木卫二表面构造的地形,卡西尼号于2005年2月17日拍摄。</figcaption></figure> <p>旅行者2号在土卫二上发现了几种地质构造,包括槽沟、悬崖和山脊等。<sup id="cite_ref-Rothery_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rothery-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>近期卡西尼号的观测表明土卫二上改变地貌的主要方式是构造作用。土卫二上发现的一种更加引人关注的地质构造是裂痕,这些峡谷能够延伸至200公里长,宽度为5-10公里,深度为1公里。图七显示了一条典型的大裂痕切割那些地质年龄较大、已经遭到结构性破坏的地区的景象。图八底部亦显示了这种地质构造。裂痕是一种较年轻的地质构造,因为它通常表现为切割其他地质结构,同时裂痕两壁有突出的露头。 </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EN004_Painting_on_the_walls.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/EN004_Painting_on_the_walls.jpg/250px-EN004_Painting_on_the_walls.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/EN004_Painting_on_the_walls.jpg/375px-EN004_Painting_on_the_walls.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/EN004_Painting_on_the_walls.jpg/500px-EN004_Painting_on_the_walls.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>图八:土卫二地表的伪色彩照片,显示了几种地质构造和撞击坑的不同破损程度(卡西尼号摄于2005年3月9日)。</figcaption></figure> <p>土卫二上存在构造作用的另一例证是槽沟结构,它由一系列呈曲线状的槽沟和山脊构成。这种条纹状结构最初是由旅行者2号发现的,通常是平坦地形与撞击坑地形的分野标志。<sup id="cite_ref-Rothery_31-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rothery-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>在图六和图十中均可见到这种地质构造(图十中的为撒马尔罕槽沟)。这种槽沟地形容易令人联想起木卫三上的相似地貌。不过土卫二的槽沟构造要比后者复杂:木卫三上的槽沟为平行排列,而土卫二的槽沟排列则显得较为凌乱,形状也多为锯齿状。引人关注的是,卡西尼号在对撒马尔罕槽沟进行观测时发现了一些暗点(直径125-750米),它们平行排列于槽沟旁,有推测认为这些暗点是位于该地区的陷坑。<sup id="cite_ref-Turtle_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turtle-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EN004_Moon_with_a_Past.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/EN004_Moon_with_a_Past.jpg/250px-EN004_Moon_with_a_Past.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/EN004_Moon_with_a_Past.jpg/375px-EN004_Moon_with_a_Past.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/EN004_Moon_with_a_Past.jpg/500px-EN004_Moon_with_a_Past.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5936" data-file-height="4744" /></a><figcaption>图九:土卫二表面的高分辨率拼接照片,显示了数种地质构造和撞击坑的破损情况。由卡西尼号于2005年3月9日拍摄。</figcaption></figure> <p>除此之外,土卫二表面还有多种地质构造。图九显示了一种狭窄的断裂地形(通常有数百米宽),该地形由卡西尼号发现。这些裂缝常常贯穿于撞击坑地形之中,其深度也只有一两百米。其中的许多裂缝在其形成过程中受到了撞击坑所产生的微薄表土的影响,导致裂纹走向经常发生变化。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="平坦地形"><span id=".E5.B9.B3.E5.9D.A6.E5.9C.B0.E5.BD.A2"></span>平坦地形</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节:平坦地形"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EN003_Samarkand_Sulci.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/EN003_Samarkand_Sulci.jpg/250px-EN003_Samarkand_Sulci.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/EN003_Samarkand_Sulci.jpg/375px-EN003_Samarkand_Sulci.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/EN003_Samarkand_Sulci.jpg/500px-EN003_Samarkand_Sulci.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>图十:土卫二上的<a href="/wiki/%E6%92%92%E9%A6%AC%E7%88%BE%E7%BD%95%E6%BA%9D" title="撒馬爾罕溝">撒马尔罕槽沟</a>。由卡西尼号摄于2005年2月17日。图右可见锡兰平原的西北部分。</figcaption></figure> <p>旅行者2号在土卫二表面发现了两种平坦地形。这些地形的地势起伏较小,较之撞击坑地形,其撞击坑数目也很少,这表明这种地质构造的产生年代较晚。<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>其中的典型——锡兰平原,从照片上就未发现可见的撞击坑。而在锡兰平原西南方的另一个平坦地形,则纵横交错着数条槽沟和悬崖。其后,卡西尼号也曾观测过这些平坦地形,其中包括了锡兰平原和蒂雅平原,并拍下了高分辨率的照片。这些照片显示这些地形中其实布满了较低的山脊和较浅的裂缝。目前认为,其中的裂缝是由于剪切形变造成的。<sup id="cite_ref-Turtle_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turtle-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>其中拍摄的锡兰平原的照片显示该地区仍存在着一定数量的微小撞击坑——依据这些撞击坑估计,该地区地表的年龄从1.7亿年到37亿年不等,具体年龄取决于撞击坑的分布情况。<sup id="cite_ref-Porco_Helfenstein_et_al._2006_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Porco_Helfenstein_et_al._2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="ref_Anone"><a href="#endnote_Anone">[a]</a></sup> </p><p>卡西尼号对土卫二表面进行观测的区域的扩大使得更多的平坦地形得以发现,特别是在土卫二朝向轨道运动方向的球面上。这些地形上布满了数目众多的槽沟和山脊,类似于南极地区的变形构造。这些地形正好位于锡兰平原和蒂雅平原的球体对立面上,表明这一地区受到了土星引力潮汐的影响。<sup id="cite_ref-Pappalardo_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pappalardo-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="南极地区"><span id=".E5.8D.97.E6.9E.81.E5.9C.B0.E5.8C.BA"></span>南极地区</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节:南极地区"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>2005年7月14日,科学家在卡西尼号飞掠土卫二时拍摄的照片中发现了一个位于南极地区、产生构造变形的特别区域。该地区位于北纬60°区域,其间遍布裂缝和山脊<sup id="cite_ref-Porco_Helfenstein_et_al._2006_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Porco_Helfenstein_et_al._2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ciclops1223_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ciclops1223-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,同时也存在着少量微型撞击坑,这表明这是土卫二表面最年轻的地貌,同时也是所有中等大小的冰冻卫星上的最年轻地貌;其间的撞击坑构造表明该地区的某些区域可能只有5万年的历史,甚至可能更年轻。<sup id="cite_ref-Porco_Helfenstein_et_al._2006_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Porco_Helfenstein_et_al._2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>靠近该区域的中心区分布着4个裂缝带,以及众多的山脊——这些山脊被非正式地命名为“<a href="/wiki/%E8%99%8E%E7%9A%AE%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%B9" title="虎皮条纹">虎皮条纹</a>”。这些裂缝可能是该地区最年轻的地质结构,它们的四周分布着呈薄荷绿色、带有粗糙纹理的冰体——这些冰体在其他地区常常出现在岩石露头中或裂缝壁上。<sup id="cite_ref-Ciclops1223_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ciclops1223-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>在该地区的平坦地带中亦发现了“蓝”冰,这表明该地区十分年轻,以致还未来得及被覆盖上一层来自E环的带有细密纹理的冰体。<sup id="cite_ref-VIMS_PR_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VIMS_PR-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>可见光和红外线测绘分光计(VIMS)的探测结果表明分布于“虎皮斑纹”四周的绿色物质在化学结构上与土卫二的其他地表物质存在差异,同时在“虎皮斑纹”中发现了透明的冰体,这说明这一地质构造十分年轻(可能小于1千年),或者该地质构造表面的冰体近期曾受到热源影响。另外,该仪器还在“虎皮斑纹”中测得结构较简单的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="有机化合物">有机化合物</a>,这在该卫星上尚属首次发现。<sup id="cite_ref-Brown_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>在7月14日的飞掠中,卡西尼号对南极地区分布“蓝”冰的地区之一进行了观测,并拍下了高分辨率的照片,照片显示该地区存在着剧烈的地质变形,并发现了一些直径为10—100米的巨石。<sup id="cite_ref-Ciclops1250_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ciclops1250-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>土卫二南极地区四周环绕着一系列相互平行的、呈Y形和V形的山脊和峡谷。这些山脊和峡谷的形状、走向和位置都表明它们是土卫二的整体形变造成的。最近,存在着两种理论解释这种地形形变的产生。第一种认为:土卫二绕土星运行的轨道缩小了,从而导致土卫二自转速度的提高,这种变化进而导致土卫二自转轴的调整。<sup id="cite_ref-Porco_Helfenstein_et_al._2006_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Porco_Helfenstein_et_al._2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>第二种理论认为大量从土卫二内部喷发出的温暖的、低密度的物质导致了这种地形所在区域从土卫二南半球中纬度地区位移至高纬度地区。<sup id="cite_ref-Pappalardo_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pappalardo-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>结果,土卫二的椭球体将会因为这种变化做出相应的调整。根据自转轴变化理论所得出的推导结果之一是土卫二的南北两极均曾有过类似的地形变化。<sup id="cite_ref-Porco_Helfenstein_et_al._2006_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Porco_Helfenstein_et_al._2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>不过与推论相反,土卫二的北极地区却密布着撞击坑,且地质年龄也较南极地区大得多。<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_40-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>土卫二地壳的厚薄不均或许可以解释这种差异。这种地壳厚度的变化得到了南极地区边缘Y形、V形地形和毗邻南极的地区地质年龄之间相互关联的佐证:Y形的、不连贯的地形和纵贯南北的断裂带均是较年轻的地形,推测亦认为这种地形对应的地壳厚度较薄;而V形地形则毗邻着那些地质年龄较大、撞击坑分布稠密的地区。<sup id="cite_ref-Porco_Helfenstein_et_al._2006_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Porco_Helfenstein_et_al._2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="冰火山"><span id=".E5.86.B0.E7.81.AB.E5.B1.B1"></span>冰火山</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节:冰火山"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fountains_of_Enceladus_PIA07758.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Fountains_of_Enceladus_PIA07758.jpg/220px-Fountains_of_Enceladus_PIA07758.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Fountains_of_Enceladus_PIA07758.jpg/330px-Fountains_of_Enceladus_PIA07758.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Fountains_of_Enceladus_PIA07758.jpg/440px-Fountains_of_Enceladus_PIA07758.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1019" data-file-height="863" /></a><figcaption>图十一:土卫二喷射出的羽状物为E环提供了大量物质。这些羽状物似乎是从靠近南极点的“虎皮斑纹”地区喷发的。(卡西尼飞船所摄)</figcaption></figure> <p>在80年代初期旅行者号对土卫二进行了观测之后,科学家们基于以下理由认为该星体可能存在着地质活动:年轻的、具有高反射度的表面和其处于E环核心区的位置。<sup id="cite_ref-Rothery_31-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rothery-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>土卫二和E环的联系使科学家猜想认为土卫二正是E环上散布的物质的来源——即从土卫二内部喷射出的水蒸气最终构成了E环。不过,旅行者号的观测结果未能提供确凿证据证明土卫二现今仍处于活跃状态。 </p><p>不过之后的卡西尼号上承载了多种仪器,通过这些仪器的观测,科学家最终发现了土卫二上存在着喷发水和其他易挥发物质、而非<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%85%E9%85%B8%E7%9B%90" class="mw-redirect" title="硅酸盐">硅酸盐</a>石块的冰火山。2005年1月和2月,卡西尼号上的成像科学子系统(ISS)首次观测到土卫二南极地区喷发出的由细小冰晶构成的羽状物。<sup id="cite_ref-Porco_Helfenstein_et_al._2006_2-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Porco_Helfenstein_et_al._2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>在2005年2月17日的飞掠中,磁力计观测到的关于土卫二大气的数据也证明之前成像科学子系统所观测到的现象是真实的——该数据显示当时土卫二附近的离子回旋波的能量有所增强。离子回旋波是<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90" title="离子">离子</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E5%9C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="磁场">磁场</a>相互作用的产物,通过测定离子回旋波的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%BB%E7%8E%87_(%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8)" title="頻率 (物理學)">频率</a>可以确定物质的构成——经过测定,这种物质是经过电离的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E8%92%B8%E6%B0%94" title="水蒸气">水蒸气</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-Dougherty_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dougherty-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>在其后的两次飞掠中,磁力计发现土卫二大气中的气体大部分都集中于南极地区,其他地区的大气浓度则相对十分稀薄。<sup id="cite_ref-Dougherty_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dougherty-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>在2月17日和7月14日的飞掠中,紫外线摄谱仪(UVIS)观测到两例<a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A9%E6%98%9F" title="掩星">掩星</a>现象。在2月的飞掠中,紫外线摄谱仪未能找到土卫二赤道地区存在大气的证据,但在7月飞掠观测掩星现象的过程中探测到了水蒸气的存在。<sup id="cite_ref-Hansen_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hansen-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jet_Spots_in_Tiger_Stripes_PIA10361.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Jet_Spots_in_Tiger_Stripes_PIA10361.jpg/220px-Jet_Spots_in_Tiger_Stripes_PIA10361.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Jet_Spots_in_Tiger_Stripes_PIA10361.jpg/330px-Jet_Spots_in_Tiger_Stripes_PIA10361.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Jet_Spots_in_Tiger_Stripes_PIA10361.jpg/440px-Jet_Spots_in_Tiger_Stripes_PIA10361.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2240" data-file-height="2254" /></a><figcaption>图十二:在12-16微米波段观测到的、并叠加于可见光视图上的关于南极地区破裂带地热活动的热成像图(白框内)。四个破裂带中的一个(右边)只被部分摄入。</figcaption></figure> <p>在7月14日的飞掠中,卡西尼号偶然地穿越了气体云,离子和中性粒子分光计(INMS)和宇宙尘埃分析仪(CDA)从而能够直接获取羽状物的样本。离子和中性粒子分光计对气体云的物质构成进行了测定,发现其中大部分为水蒸气,并包含少量的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE" title="氮">分子态氮</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E7%83%B7" title="甲烷">甲烷</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A2%B3" title="二氧化碳">二氧化碳</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-Waite_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Waite-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>宇宙尘埃分析仪发现“越靠近土卫二,颗粒物质数量越多”,这证明土卫二的确是E环物质的主要来源地。<sup id="cite_ref-Spahn_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spahn-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>离子和中性粒子分光计以及宇宙尘埃分析仪的数据表明卡西尼号穿越的气体云确为冰火山所喷发的、富含水分的羽状物,这种羽状物来源于南极地区的喷射口。<sup id="cite_ref-JPL619_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JPL619-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>2005年11月,这种喷射活动得到了进一步的确认,成像科学子系统拍摄到了土卫二南极地区类似喷泉的冰晶喷射活动。<sup id="cite_ref-Porco_Helfenstein_et_al._2006_2-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Porco_Helfenstein_et_al._2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>(实际上,在之前的2005年2月,卡西尼号已经拍摄到羽状物,只是仍需要进一步对高相位角度拍摄的照片——即当太阳处于土卫二身后时所拍摄的照片——进行研究以真正确认其存在,这些照片还需要同其他土星卫星的高相位照片进行对比。)<sup id="cite_ref-Ciclops1652_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ciclops1652-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>11月的观测结果显示了羽状物的完整结构,并发现该羽状物由数个独立的喷射活动的喷射物(或许来自数个不同的喷射口)共同构成,并扩展至距卫星表面近500公里的地区。这一观测结果使得土卫二成为第四颗被证实存在火山活动的太阳系天体,之前的三颗分别是<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83" title="地球">地球</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%80" title="海卫一">海卫一</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%80" title="木卫一">木卫一</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-JPL619_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JPL619-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>2007年10月,在成像科学子系统观测到尘埃喷射活动的同时,紫外线摄谱仪亦观测到了气体喷射活动。 </p><p>2008年3月12日的飞掠使卡西尼号获得了进一步的观测机会。观测数据显示羽状物中含有更多的化学物质,包括简单的和复杂的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E6%B0%A2%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="碳氢化合物">碳氢化合物</a>,如<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%99%E7%83%B7" title="丙烷">丙烷</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E7%83%B7" title="乙烷">乙烷</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E7%82%94" title="乙炔">乙炔</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-PR03262008_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PR03262008-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>这项发现提高了土卫二表面存在生命的可能性。<sup id="cite_ref-MckayPR_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MckayPR-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>卡西尼号上的离子和中性粒子分光计对羽状物的物质构成进行测量后发现其与大部分彗星的物质构成相近。<sup id="cite_ref-PR03262008_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PR03262008-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PIA07799.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/PIA07799.png/250px-PIA07799.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/PIA07799.png/375px-PIA07799.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/PIA07799.png/500px-PIA07799.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>图十三:土卫二冰火山的一种可能模型。</figcaption></figure> <p>多种观测仪器的观测结果表明在土卫二南极地区,这种从受压的地下腔室中喷发羽状物的活动类似于地球上的喷泉。<sup id="cite_ref-Porco_Helfenstein_et_al._2006_2-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Porco_Helfenstein_et_al._2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>由于离子和中性粒子分光计和紫外线摄谱仪均未在喷射物质中发现<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A8" title="氨">氨</a>——该物质能够起到防冻作用,因此科学家预测在土卫二地下受热、受压的腔室中流动着温度至少达到零下3<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%84%E6%B0%8F%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="摄氏度">摄氏度</a>、近乎纯净的液态水,即如图十三所示。由冰融化为纯水,比之氨水混合物的融化需要更多的热量。这种热量可能来自引力潮汐能或辐射源所产生的能量。另一种产生羽状物的途径是土卫二表面温暖的冰的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%87%E5%8D%8E" title="升华">升华</a>。在2005年7月14日的飞掠过程中,卡西尼号上的红外成份分光计(CIRS)在靠近南极点的地区发现了一个温暖区域,该区域的温度达到了85-90开尔文度,部分区域的温度甚至高达157开尔文度(零下116摄氏度),远较地表接收阳光辐射产生的温度高,这表明该区域受到了土卫二内部热源的加热。<sup id="cite_ref-Spencer_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spencer-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>在这种温度下,该区域的冰体能够以较其他区域冰体快得多的速度升华,并产生羽状物。这种假说受到了较多关注,因为如若加热地表冰体的地下层物质为呈半流质状态的氨水混合物,那么不需要太多的能量就可以产生羽状物。不过,羽状物中富含的大量冰晶显然更支持“冷喷泉”模式假说,并削弱了冰体升华假说的可信性。<sup id="cite_ref-Porco_Helfenstein_et_al._2006_2-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Porco_Helfenstein_et_al._2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>此外,基辅等人还提出了笼型<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="水合物">水合物</a>的来源理论,该理论认为,当“虎皮斑纹”地形破裂时,蕴藏于其中的二氧化碳、甲烷和氮暴露于<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E7%A9%BA" title="真空">真空</a>之中,从而被释放出来。<sup id="cite_ref-Kieffer2006_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kieffer2006-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>该理论并不需要“冷喷泉”模式假说中用于融冰的热能的存在,也能在缺少氨的情况下解释得通。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="内部结构"><span id=".E5.86.85.E9.83.A8.E7.BB.93.E6.9E.84"></span>内部结构</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节:内部结构"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Enceladus_Roll.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Enceladus_Roll.jpg/220px-Enceladus_Roll.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Enceladus_Roll.jpg/330px-Enceladus_Roll.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Enceladus_Roll.jpg/440px-Enceladus_Roll.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>图十四:在卡西尼号的观测成果基础上构建的土卫二内部结构模型。中心的棕色部分代表土卫二的硅酸盐内核,环绕其外的白色部分则代表着由富含冰水的地幔。黄色和红色部分则表示在南极地区之下的地幔和内核中可能存在的岩浆入侵。<sup id="cite_ref-Pappalardo_42-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pappalardo-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>在卡西尼计划施行之前,人们对于土卫二的内部构造知之甚少。不过,在卡西尼号飞船对土卫二进行的数次飞掠过程中所得出的探测结果为构建土卫二的内部模型提供了必要的信息,其中包括了对土卫二的质量和三轴椭球体形状的测定、高分辨率的地表照片和地质化学上的新发现。 </p><p>之前旅行者测得的土卫二质量表明土卫二可能完全是由固态冰组成的。<sup id="cite_ref-Rothery_31-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rothery-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>但是根据土卫二对卡西尼号的重力作用效果进行的测定表明,这个数值要远高于之前的推测,其密度达到了1.16克/立方厘米,<sup id="cite_ref-Porco_Helfenstein_et_al._2006_2-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Porco_Helfenstein_et_al._2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>高于土星其他中等体积的<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F" title="冰卫星">冰卫星</a>的密度,这表明土卫二可能含有更多的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%85%E9%85%B8%E7%9B%90" class="mw-redirect" title="硅酸盐">硅酸盐</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%81" title="铁">铁</a>。除了固态冰之外其他物质的存在,意味着土卫二内部可能拥有<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E8%A1%B0%E8%AE%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="放射性衰變">放射性物质</a>衰变所产生的较为丰富的热能。 </p><p>卡斯蒂略等人认为土卫八和其他的土星冰卫星都是在土星分星云形成后不久就形成的,因此富含短期放射性核素。<sup id="cite_ref-Castillo1_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Castillo1-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>这些放射性核素,如<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9D" title="铝">铝-26</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%81" title="铁">铁-60</a>,有较短的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E8%A1%B0%E6%9C%9F" title="半衰期">半衰期</a>,并能够相对较快地为星体内核提供热能。虽然土卫二拥有相对高密度的岩石构造,但是如果没有这些短期放射性核素,那么土卫二内部的长期放射性核素则来不及阻止内核的快速冰冻。<sup id="cite_ref-Castillo2_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Castillo2-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>鉴于土卫二的高密度岩石构造,人们猜测铝-26和铁-60的高含量将会导致一个不同的构造类型的出现,这个构造类型包含了一个冰冻的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%B9%94" title="地幔">地幔</a>和一个岩石的内核。<sup id="cite_ref-Schubert2007_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schubert2007-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>后期的辐射能和潮汐作用则将内核的温度提升到了1000 K,这个温度足以融解内层地幔。但是,若要保持土卫二地质活动的活跃性,则部分的内核也必须融化,以形成<a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%A9%E6%B5%86" class="mw-redirect" title="岩浆">岩浆</a>腔室,这种腔室在土星的潮汐作用下会扭曲变形。<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E5%9B%9B" title="土卫四">土卫四</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E6%8C%AF" title="共振">共振效应</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%B9%B3%E5%8A%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="天平动">天平动</a>产生的潮汐热使得这些位于内核的热点至今仍保持活跃,并为现在土卫二上的地质活动提供能量。<sup id="cite_ref-Matson_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Matson-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>此外,科学家还测定了土卫二的形状,以进一步判断该卫星是否具有内部分层结构。波尔科等人根据其2006年的测量结果认为该星体处于<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E4%BD%93%E9%9D%99%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="流体静力学">流体静力学</a>的平衡状态,在此状态下,星体内部是不分层的,这与地质学及地球化学方面的证据所指向的结果相矛盾。<sup id="cite_ref-Porco_Helfenstein_et_al._2006_2-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Porco_Helfenstein_et_al._2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>不过,该星体的形状并未排除其不处于流体静力学平衡状态的可能性,可能在较近的一个时期,土卫二仍可能拥有一个分层的内部结构,在该星体的某些区域旋转速度较其他区域快。<sup id="cite_ref-Schubert2007_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schubert2007-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>2023年6月,一組國際研究團隊依照卡西尼號蒐集到的資料發表報告指出,土衛二噴出的冰粒含有高濃度的磷。之前,科學家們已在土衛二海洋發現過碳、氫、氧、氮、硫,如今又發現了自然界中稀少的磷,此六種元素皆為生命組成的重要元素,表明土衛二<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%A9%E5%B1%85%E5%B8%B6" title="適居帶">孕育生命</a>的潛能相當高。<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="液态水存在的可能性"><span id=".E6.B6.B2.E6.80.81.E6.B0.B4.E5.AD.98.E5.9C.A8.E7.9A.84.E5.8F.AF.E8.83.BD.E6.80.A7"></span>液态水存在的可能性</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节:液态水存在的可能性"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>2008年,科学家们观测到了从土卫二表面喷出的水蒸气。这一观测结果证明了该卫星上存在着液态水,并支持了土卫二有可能存在生命的观点。<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>坎迪斯·汉森<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>是<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%80%BB%E7%BD%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="美国太空总署">美国太空總署</a>位于加州的<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%B7%E6%B0%94%E6%8E%A8%E8%BF%9B%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E5%AE%A4" title="喷气推进实验室">喷气推进实验室</a>的一名科学家,他发现了一些羽状物的速度高达2189公里/小时。这种速度十分罕见,往往只有在含有水的情况下才能达到这种速度。隨後,他领导其团队开始研究这些物质。<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>卡西尼號在2010至2012年間略過土衛二時所採得的證據顯示,其冰層底下很可能存在液態海洋。美國太空總署於2014年4月3日宣佈這項發現,並在翌日發佈在《科學》期刊上。<sup id="cite_ref-NASA-20140403_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA-20140403-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Witze2014_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Witze2014-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SCI-20140404_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SCI-20140404-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>計算表明,30公里厚的冰層之下有著大約10公里深的海洋。<sup id="cite_ref-NASA-20140403_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA-20140403-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>未知海洋是否只存在於南極地區,還是延伸至赤道,甚至直到北半球。<sup id="cite_ref-Guardian-20140403_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guardian-20140403-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>卡西尼号对其所捕获的冰晶颗粒进行分析后发现,这些冰晶颗粒是由盐水凝集而成的——这种状况一般只发生于大面积的水体之中。因此土卫二之上也可能存在外星生命。<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>另一种观点则认为土卫二上存在的并非大面积的海洋,而是分布广泛的溶洞,这些溶洞之中充满了液态水。 </p><p>土卫二地壳之下液态水的存在表明在其内部存在着内部热源,科学家相信放射性衰变和潮汐效应共同提供了液态水存在所需要的热量<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,因为仅有潮汐效应的话是无法提供如此多的热量的;例如土星的另一颗卫星<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%80" title="土卫一">土卫一</a>比起土卫二更为靠近土星,且其轨道离心率更大,这意味着该卫星比起土卫二受到更为强大的潮汐效应影响,但其老旧且布满创伤的表面表明该卫星似乎早已停止了地质活动。<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="土卫二上的夜空"><span id=".E5.9C.9F.E5.8D.AB.E4.BA.8C.E4.B8.8A.E7.9A.84.E5.A4.9C.E7.A9.BA"></span>土卫二上的夜空</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节:土卫二上的夜空"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saturn_seen_from_Enceladus_(artist_concept).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Saturn_seen_from_Enceladus_%28artist_concept%29.jpg/300px-Saturn_seen_from_Enceladus_%28artist_concept%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Saturn_seen_from_Enceladus_%28artist_concept%29.jpg/450px-Saturn_seen_from_Enceladus_%28artist_concept%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Saturn_seen_from_Enceladus_%28artist_concept%29.jpg/600px-Saturn_seen_from_Enceladus_%28artist_concept%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>艺术家创作的土卫二夜空想象图</figcaption></figure> <p>从土卫二上观测,土星占据着近30°的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%86%E8%A7%92" class="mw-redirect" title="视角">视角</a>,比从地球上观测到的月球的视角大60多倍。<sup class="reference" id="ref_Bnone"><a href="#endnote_Bnone">[b]</a></sup>此外,由于土卫二的自转与公转同步,造成土卫二永远都由同一面面向土星,所以土星在土卫二的夜空中从不移动(除了由于轨道异常所造成的微小变化),而在土卫二背对着土星的那一面,则永远都看不到土星。 </p><p>土星光环的可观测视角只有0.019°,看起来就像一条明亮的细线横穿土星的圆盘,不过它落在土星盘面上的阴影则可以被清楚地辨认出。就如同在地球上观测到的月球一般,土卫二上观测到的土星也有定期的相的变化,其从亏到盈要经历一个16小时的周期。与此同时,太阳则只占据着3.5'的视角,比从地球上观测到的月球的视角小了9倍。 </p><p>如果一个观测者在土卫二上进行观测,那么平均每过72小时,他就能观测到<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%80" title="土卫一">土卫一</a>(位于土卫二轨道内侧的最大卫星)运行至土星前面。土卫一的视角接近于月球,最大时为26';而<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89" title="土卫十三">土卫十三</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C" title="土卫三十二">土卫三十二</a>大小则如同星星;<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89" title="土卫三">土卫三</a>的最大视角能略超过1°,比月球的视角大一倍,但只有在其最靠近土卫二时从土卫二的背向土星面才能看到。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节:参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright" style="margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px"> <ul style="display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:var(--background-color-base,#f9f9f9);font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-weight:bold"> <li style="display:table-row"><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/32px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/48px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/64px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /></span></span></span><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="Portal:太阳系">太阳系主题</a></span></li> <li style="display:table-row"><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Spaccato_vulcano.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Spaccato_vulcano.svg/30px-Spaccato_vulcano.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Spaccato_vulcano.svg/45px-Spaccato_vulcano.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Spaccato_vulcano.svg/60px-Spaccato_vulcano.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="Portal:火山">火山主题</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F" title="土星的卫星">土星的卫星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%A1%9B%E4%BA%8C%E8%A1%A8%E9%9D%A2%E7%89%B9%E5%BE%B5%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="土衛二表面特徵列表">土衛二表面特徵列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%B3%BB%E5%A4%A9%E7%84%B6%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="太阳系天然卫星列表">太阳系天然卫星列表</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考文獻"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8D.BB"></span>參考文獻</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节:參考文獻"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-3" style="-moz-column-count: 3; -webkit-column-count: 3; column-count: 3; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CosmoVisions-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CosmoVisions_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/6HdEbRBY6?url=http://www.cosmovisions.com/SaturneChrono02.htm">Les satellites de Saturne</a>. Imago Mundi. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-08-10</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cosmovisions.com/SaturneChrono02.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2013-06-25).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C&rft.atitle=Les+satellites+de+Saturne&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Imago+Mundi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cosmovisions.com%2FSaturneChrono02.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Porco_Helfenstein_et_al._2006-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Porco_Helfenstein_et_al._2006_2-0"><sup><b>2.00</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Porco_Helfenstein_et_al._2006_2-1"><sup><b>2.01</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Porco_Helfenstein_et_al._2006_2-2"><sup><b>2.02</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Porco_Helfenstein_et_al._2006_2-3"><sup><b>2.03</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Porco_Helfenstein_et_al._2006_2-4"><sup><b>2.04</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Porco_Helfenstein_et_al._2006_2-5"><sup><b>2.05</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Porco_Helfenstein_et_al._2006_2-6"><sup><b>2.06</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Porco_Helfenstein_et_al._2006_2-7"><sup><b>2.07</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Porco_Helfenstein_et_al._2006_2-8"><sup><b>2.08</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Porco_Helfenstein_et_al._2006_2-9"><sup><b>2.09</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Porco_Helfenstein_et_al._2006_2-10"><sup><b>2.10</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Porco_Helfenstein_et_al._2006_2-11"><sup><b>2.11</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Porco_Helfenstein_et_al._2006_2-12"><sup><b>2.12</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Porco_Helfenstein_et_al._2006_2-13"><sup><b>2.13</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Porco_Helfenstein_et_al._2006_2-14"><sup><b>2.14</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Porco_Helfenstein_et_al._2006_2-15"><sup><b>2.15</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Porco_Helfenstein_et_al._2006_2-16"><sup><b>2.16</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPorco,_Helfenstein_et_al._2006" class="citation journal">C. 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NASA. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-08-10</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://exp.arc.nasa.gov/downloads/celestia/data/solarsys.ssc">原始内容</a>存档于2005-03-09).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C&rft.atitle=NASA+Celestia+Solar+System+Definition+File&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fexp.arc.nasa.gov%2Fdownloads%2Fcelestia%2Fdata%2Fsolarsys.ssc&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thomas_2006-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Thomas_2006_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">托马斯, P. C.; 约瑟夫·维弗卡、保罗·赫尔芬斯坦、卡洛琳·伯克、约瑟夫·伯恩斯、提尔曼·邓科、伊丽莎白·忒特尔、罗伯特·雅克布森. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2006/pdf/1639.pdf">Shapes of the Saturnian Icy Satellites</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. 第37届月球与行星科学年会. 2006年3月 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-01-03</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/6HdEcY9pl?url=http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2006/pdf/1639.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2013-06-25).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C&rft.atitle=Shapes+of+the+Saturnian+Icy+Satellites&rft.aufirst=P.+C.&rft.aulast=%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF&rft.date=2006-03&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E7%AC%AC37%E5%B1%8A%E6%9C%88%E7%90%83%E4%B8%8E%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%B9%B4%E4%BC%9A&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lpi.usra.edu%2Fmeetings%2Flpsc2006%2Fpdf%2F1639.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jacobson_Antreasian_et_al._2006-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jacobson_Antreasian_et_al._2006_5-0"><sup><b>5.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jacobson_Antreasian_et_al._2006_5-1"><sup><b>5.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jacobson_Antreasian_et_al._2006_5-2"><sup><b>5.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFJacobson_Antreasian_et_al.2006" class="citation journal">Jacobson, R. A.; Antreasian, P. G.; Bordi, J. J.; Criddle, K. E.; Ionasescu, R.; Jones, J. B.; Mackenzie, R. A.; Meek, M. C.; Parcher, D.; Pelletier, F. J.; Owen, Jr., W. M.; Roth, D. C.; Roundhill, I. M.; Stauch, J. R. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iopscience.iop.org/1538-3881/132/6/2520/fulltext">The Gravity Field of the Saturnian System from Satellite Observations and Spacecraft Tracking Data [依据卫星和航天器观测数据得出的图形系统的引力场]</a>. The Astronomical Journal. December 2006, <b>132</b> (6): 2520–2526 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-09-02</span>]</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006AJ....132.2520J"><span title="Bibcode">Bibcode:2006AJ....132.2520J</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F508812"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1086/508812</span></a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200310000525/https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/508812">存档</a>于2020-03-10) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C&rft.atitle=The+Gravity+Field+of+the+Saturnian+System+from+Satellite+Observations+and+Spacecraft+Tracking+Data&rft.au=Antreasian%2C+P.+G.&rft.au=Bordi%2C+J.+J.&rft.au=Criddle%2C+K.+E.&rft.au=Ionasescu%2C+R.&rft.au=Jones%2C+J.+B.&rft.au=Mackenzie%2C+R.+A.&rft.au=Meek%2C+M.+C.&rft.au=Owen%2C+Jr.%2C+W.+M.&rft.au=Parcher%2C+D.&rft.au=Pelletier%2C+F.+J.&rft.au=Roth%2C+D.+C.&rft.au=Roundhill%2C+I.+M.&rft.au=Stauch%2C+J.+R.&rft.aufirst=R.+A.&rft.aulast=Jacobson&rft.date=2006-12&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=6&rft.jtitle=The+Astronomical+Journal&rft.pages=2520-2526&rft.volume=132&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fiopscience.iop.org%2F1538-3881%2F132%2F6%2F2520%2Ffulltext&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2006AJ....132.2520J&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F508812&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Verbiscer_et_al._2007-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Verbiscer_et_al._2007_6-0"><sup><b>6.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Verbiscer_et_al._2007_6-1"><sup><b>6.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFVerbiscer_French_et_al.2007" class="citation journal">安妮·弗比斯科Anne Verbiscer; 理查德·弗兰岑Richard French; 馬克·羅伯特·肖華特Mark Showalter; 保羅·赫爾芬斯坦Paul Helfenstein. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208190112/http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/315/5813/815">Enceladus: Cosmic Graffiti Artist Caught in the Act</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8_(%E6%9C%9F%E5%88%8A)" class="mw-redirect" title="科學 (期刊)">科学</a>. February 9, 2007, <b>315</b> (5813): 815 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-08-10</span>]</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007Sci...315..815V"><span title="Bibcode">Bibcode:2007Sci...315..815V</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17289992"><span title="公共医学识别码">PMID 17289992</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1134681"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1126/science.1134681</span></a>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/315/5813/815">原始内容</a>存档于2008-12-08).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C&rft.atitle=Enceladus%3A+Cosmic+Graffiti+Artist+Caught+in+the+Act&rft.au=%E4%BF%9D%E7%BE%85%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E7%88%BE%E8%8A%AC%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6Paul+Helfenstein&rft.au=%E5%AE%89%E5%A6%AE%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%AF%94%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91Anne+Verbiscer&rft.au=%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E5%85%B0%E5%B2%91Richard+French&rft.au=%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E7%BE%85%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%82%96%E8%8F%AF%E7%89%B9Mark+Showalter&rft.date=2007-02-09&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=5813&rft.jtitle=%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6&rft.pages=815&rft.volume=315&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencemag.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F315%2F5813%2F815&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2007Sci...315..815V&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1134681&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17289992&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> (supporting online material, table S1)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Spencer-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Spencer_7-0"><sup><b>7.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spencer_7-1"><sup><b>7.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spencer_7-2"><sup><b>7.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">斯宾塞, J. R. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208185453/http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/311/5766/1401">Cassini Encounters Enceladus: Background and the Discovery of a South Polar Hot Spot</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8_(%E6%9C%9F%E5%88%8A)" class="mw-redirect" title="科學 (期刊)">科学</a>: 1401–1405. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-08-10</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/311/5766/1401">原始内容</a>存档于2008-12-08).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C&rft.atitle=Cassini+Encounters+Enceladus%3A+Background+and+the+Discovery+of+a+South+Polar+Hot+Spot&rft.aufirst=J.+R.&rft.aulast=%E6%96%AF%E5%AE%BE%E5%A1%9E&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=5766&rft.jtitle=%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6&rft.pages=1401-1405&rft.volume=311&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencemag.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F311%2F5766%2F1401&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-magnitude-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-magnitude_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/61Cvx6xRx?url=http://www.oarval.org/ClasSaten.htm">Classic Satellites of the Solar System</a>. Observatorio ARVAL. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-09-28</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oarval.org/ClasSaten.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2011-08-25).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C&rft.btitle=Classic+Satellites+of+the+Solar+System&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Observatorio+ARVAL&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oarval.org%2FClasSaten.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Waite-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Waite_9-0"><sup><b>9.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Waite_9-1"><sup><b>9.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">韦特, J. H. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090703213912/http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/311/5766/1419">Cassini Ion and Neutral Mass Spectrometer: Enceladus Plume Composition and Structure</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8_(%E6%9C%9F%E5%88%8A)" class="mw-redirect" title="科學 (期刊)">科学</a>. 2006, <b>311</b> (5766): 1419–1422 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-08-10</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/311/5766/1419">原始内容</a>存档于2009-07-03).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C&rft.atitle=Cassini+Ion+and+Neutral+Mass+Spectrometer%3A+Enceladus+Plume+Composition+and+Structure&rft.aufirst=J.+H.&rft.aulast=%E9%9F%A6%E7%89%B9&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=5766&rft.jtitle=%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6&rft.pages=1419-1422&rft.volume=311&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencemag.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F311%2F5766%2F1419&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dougherty-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dougherty_10-0"><sup><b>10.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dougherty_10-1"><sup><b>10.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dougherty_10-2"><sup><b>10.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">多尔蒂, M. K. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090703213334/http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/311/5766/1406">Identification of a Dynamic Atmosphere at Enceladus with the Cassini Magnetometer</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8_(%E6%9C%9F%E5%88%8A)" class="mw-redirect" title="科學 (期刊)">科学</a>. 2006, <b>311</b> (5766): 1406–1409 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-08-10</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/311/5766/1406">原始内容</a>存档于2009-07-03).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C&rft.atitle=Identification+of+a+Dynamic+Atmosphere+at+Enceladus+with+the+Cassini+Magnetometer&rft.aufirst=M.+K.&rft.aulast=%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%94%E8%92%82&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=5766&rft.jtitle=%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6&rft.pages=1406-1409&rft.volume=311&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencemag.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F311%2F5766%2F1406&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hansen-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hansen_11-0"><sup><b>11.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hansen_11-1"><sup><b>11.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">汉森, C. J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090703211630/http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/311/5766/1422">Enceladus's Water Vapor Plume</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8_(%E6%9C%9F%E5%88%8A)" class="mw-redirect" title="科學 (期刊)">科学</a>. 2006, <b>311</b> (5766): 1422–1425 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-08-10</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/311/5766/1422">原始内容</a>存档于2009-07-03).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C&rft.atitle=Enceladus%27s+Water+Vapor+Plume&rft.aufirst=C.+J.&rft.aulast=%E6%B1%89%E6%A3%AE&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=5766&rft.jtitle=%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6&rft.pages=1422-1425&rft.volume=311&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencemag.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F311%2F5766%2F1422&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Discovery-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Discovery_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/append7.html">Planetary Body Names and Discoverers</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E8%B0%83%E6%9F%A5%E5%B1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="美国地质调查局">美国地质调查局</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-08-10</span>]</span>. 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(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://astrogeology.usgs.gov/HotTopics/index.php?/archives/224-New-Names-for-Enceladus.html">原始内容</a>存档于2013-05-14).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.aulast=%E5%B8%83%E9%B2%81&rft.btitle=New+Names+for+Enceladus&rft.date=2006-11-13&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fastrogeology.usgs.gov%2FHotTopics%2Findex.php%3F%2Farchives%2F224-New-Names-for-Enceladus.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PlanetarySocTable-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PlanetarySocTable_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090825141245/http://planetary.org/explore/topics/cassini_huygens/tour.html">Cassini's Tour of the Saturn System</a>. 行星学会. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-08-10</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://planetary.org/explore/topics/cassini_huygens/tour.html">原始内容</a>存档于2009-08-25).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C&rft.btitle=Cassini%27s+Tour+of+the+Saturn+System&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%9A&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fplanetary.org%2Fexplore%2Ftopics%2Fcassini_huygens%2Ftour.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Herschel_1795-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Herschel_1795_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E6%AD%87%E5%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="威廉·赫歇尔">赫歇尔, 威廉</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1795RSPT...85..347H&db_key=AST&link_type=ABSTRACT&high=45eb6e10af23195">Description of a Forty-feet Reflecting Telescope</a>. 伦敦皇家学会哲学汇刊. 1795, <b>85</b>: 347–409 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-08-10</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200528214956/https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1795RSPT...85..347H/abstract">存档</a>于2020-05-28).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C&rft.atitle=Description+of+a+Forty-feet+Reflecting+Telescope&rft.aufirst=%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89&rft.aulast=%E8%B5%AB%E6%AD%87%E5%B0%94&rft.date=1795&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E4%BC%A6%E6%95%A6%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%B6%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%9A%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E6%B1%87%E5%88%8A&rft.pages=347-409&rft.volume=85&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadsabs.harvard.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fnph-data_query%3Fbibcode%3D1795RSPT...85..347H%26db_key%3DAST%26link_type%3DABSTRACT%26high%3D45eb6e10af23195&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>(<cite class="citation journal">阿拉哥, M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160113070818/http://laplaza.org/~tom/People/Herschel.htm">Herschel</a>. 史密斯索尼亚研究所评议员委员会年度报告. 1871: 198–223 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-08-10</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://laplaza.org/~tom/People/Herschel.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2016-01-13).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C&rft.atitle=Herschel&rft.aufirst=M.&rft.aulast=%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E5%93%A5&rft.date=1871&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E5%8F%B2%E5%AF%86%E6%96%AF%E7%B4%A2%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80%E8%AF%84%E8%AE%AE%E5%91%98%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A%E5%B9%B4%E5%BA%A6%E6%8A%A5%E5%91%8A&rft.pages=198-223&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flaplaza.org%2F~tom%2FPeople%2FHerschel.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Frommert-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Frommert_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">H. FrommertH.·弗罗默特; C. KronbergC.·克罗伯格. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130519083311/http://messier.seds.org/xtra/Bios/wherschel.html">William Herschel (1738–1822)</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">March 11,</span> 2015]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://messier.seds.org/xtra/Bios/wherschel.html">原始内容</a>存档于2013-05-19).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C&rft.au=C.+KronbergC.%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E6%A0%BC&rft.au=H.+FrommertH.%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E7%BD%97%E9%BB%98%E7%89%B9&rft.btitle=William+Herschel+%281738%E2%80%931822%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmessier.seds.org%2Fxtra%2FBios%2Fwherschel.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Soylent-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Soylent_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nndb.com/people/661/000096373/">William Herschel</a>. Soylent Communications. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-08-10</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090414220337/http://www.nndb.com/people/661/000096373/">存档</a>于2009-04-14).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C&rft.atitle=William+Herschel&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Soylent+Communications&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nndb.com%2Fpeople%2F661%2F000096373%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Terrile-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Terrile_29-0"><sup><b>29.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Terrile_29-1"><sup><b>29.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">泰瑞尔, R. 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(原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200528214941/http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu//full/seri/LPICo/0428//0000010.000.html">存档</a>于2020-05-28).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C&rft.atitle=Enceladus%3A+Evolution+and+Possible+Relationship+to+Saturn%27s+E-Ring&rft.aufirst=R.+J.&rft.aulast=%E6%B3%B0%E7%91%9E%E5%B0%94&rft.date=1981&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E7%AC%AC12%E5%B1%8A%E6%9C%88%E7%90%83%E4%B8%8E%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%B9%B4%E4%BC%9A&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.adsabs.harvard.edu%2F%2Ffull%2Fseri%2FLPICo%2F0428%2F%2F0000010.000.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Voyager-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Voyager_30-0"><sup><b>30.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Voyager_30-1"><sup><b>30.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/61Cw69Glf?url=http://pds-rings.seti.org/voyager/mission/">Voyager Mission Description</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-08-10</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pds-rings.seti.org/voyager/mission/">原始内容</a>存档于2011-08-25).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C&rft.btitle=Voyager+Mission+Description&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpds-rings.seti.org%2Fvoyager%2Fmission%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rothery-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rothery_31-0"><sup><b>31.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rothery_31-1"><sup><b>31.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rothery_31-2"><sup><b>31.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rothery_31-3"><sup><b>31.3</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rothery_31-4"><sup><b>31.4</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rothery_31-5"><sup><b>31.5</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">大卫·罗瑟里. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/satellitesofoute0000roth">Satellites of the Outer Planets: Worlds in their own right</a>. 牛津大学出版社. 1999. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-19-512555-X" title="Special:网络书源/0-19-512555-X"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0-19-512555-X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C&rft.au=%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%AB%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E7%91%9F%E9%87%8C&rft.btitle=Satellites+of+the+Outer+Planets%3A+Worlds+in+their+own+right&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-19-512555-X&rft.pub=%E7%89%9B%E6%B4%A5%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsatellitesofoute0000roth&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SpaceDaily02052007-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SpaceDaily02052007_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">穆默, B. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/Tour_de_Saturn_Set_For_Extended_Play_999.html">Tour de Saturn Set For Extended Play</a>. Spacedaily.com. 2007-02-05 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-08-10</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200528214941/https://www.spacedaily.com/reports/Tour_de_Saturn_Set_For_Extended_Play_999.html">存档</a>于2020-05-28).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C&rft.atitle=Tour+de+Saturn+Set+For+Extended+Play&rft.aufirst=B.&rft.aulast=%E7%A9%86%E9%BB%98&rft.date=2007-02-05&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Spacedaily.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spacedaily.com%2Freports%2FTour_de_Saturn_Set_For_Extended_Play_999.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NASASSE-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NASASSE_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080923071412/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?Sort=Target&Target=Saturn&MCode=EE">Solar System Exploration</a>. NASA. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-08-10</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?Sort=Target&Target=Saturn&MCode=EE">原始内容</a>存档于2008-09-23).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C&rft.btitle=Solar+System+Exploration&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=NASA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsolarsystem.nasa.gov%2Fmissions%2Fprofile.cfm%3FSort%3DTarget%26Target%3DSaturn%26MCode%3DEE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PEN122007-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PEN122007_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://planetarynews.org/archive07/pen_v01_n36_071223.txt">PLANETARY EXPLORATION NEWSLETTER</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-08-10</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200528215010/http://planetarynews.org/archive07/pen_v01_n36_071223.txt">存档</a>于2020-05-28).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C&rft.btitle=PLANETARY+EXPLORATION+NEWSLETTER&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fplanetarynews.org%2Farchive07%2Fpen_v01_n36_071223.txt&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TandEM-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TandEM_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=42337">TandEM (Titan and Enceladus Mission) Workshop</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E5%B1%80" title="欧洲空间局">欧洲空间局</a>. 2008-02-07 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-08-10</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110604043307/http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=42337">存档</a>于2011-06-04).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C&rft.btitle=TandEM+%28Titan+and+Enceladus+Mission%29+Workshop&rft.date=2008-02-07&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E5%B1%80&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsci.esa.int%2Fscience-e%2Fwww%2Fobject%2Findex.cfm%3Ffobjectid%3D42337&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">林康, 保罗. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/7897585.stm">Science & Environment | Jupiter in space agencies' sights</a>. BBC新闻. 2009-02-18 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-03-13</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090221185643/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/7897585.stm">存档</a>于2009-02-21).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C&rft.atitle=Science+%26+Environment+%26%23124%3B+Jupiter+in+space+agencies%27+sights&rft.aufirst=%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97&rft.aulast=%E6%9E%97%E5%BA%B7&rft.date=2009-02-18&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fsci%2Ftech%2F7897585.stm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Spahn-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Spahn_37-0"><sup><b>37.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spahn_37-1"><sup><b>37.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">史帕恩, F. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/311/5766/1416">Cassini Dust Measurements at Enceladus and Implications for the Origin of the E Ring</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8_(%E6%9C%9F%E5%88%8A)" class="mw-redirect" title="科學 (期刊)">科学</a> (<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E4%BF%83%E9%80%B2%E6%9C%83" title="美國科學促進會">美国科学促进会</a>). 2006-03-10, <b>311</b> (5766): 1416–1418 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-08-11</span>]</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1121375"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1126/science.1121375</span></a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080623172542/http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/311/5766/1416">存档</a>于2008-06-23).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C&rft.atitle=Cassini+Dust+Measurements+at+Enceladus+and+Implications+for+the+Origin+of+the+E+Ring&rft.aufirst=F.&rft.aulast=%E5%8F%B2%E5%B8%95%E6%81%A9&rft.date=2006-03-10&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=5766&rft.jtitle=%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6&rft.pages=1416-1418&rft.volume=311&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencemag.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F311%2F5766%2F1416&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1121375&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cracks-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cracks_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/cassini/media/enceladus_cracks.html">Cracks on Enceladus Open and Close under Saturn's Pull</a>. NASA. 2007-05-16. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090119120627/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/cassini/media/enceladus_cracks.html">存档</a>于2009-01-19).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C&rft.atitle=Cracks+on+Enceladus+Open+and+Close+under+Saturn%27s+Pull&rft.date=2007-05-16&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fmission_pages%2Fcassini%2Fmedia%2Fenceladus_cracks.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rathbun-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rathbun_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">拉思本, J. A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080404084534/http://www.agu.org/cgi-bin/SFgate/SFgate?&listenv=table&multiple=1&range=1&directget=1&application=fm05&database=%2Fdata%2Fepubs%2Fwais%2Findexes%2Ffm05%2Ffm05&maxhits=200&=%22P21F-03%22">Enceladus's global geology as seen by Cassini ISS</a>. Eos Trans. 2005, <b>82</b> (52): 32A–03 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-08-10</span>]</span>. 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P. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/5nDebNFQ5?url=http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/multimedia/products/pdfs/CHARM_Turtle_050426.pdf"><span style="padding-left:0.2em;">'</span>Enceladus, Curiouser and Curiouser: Observations by Cassini's Imaging Science Subsystem</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Cassini CHARM Teleconference. 2005-04-28 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-08-10</span>]</span>. 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(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20081126/ap_on_sc/sci_watery_moon">原始内容</a>存档于2008-12-19).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C&rft.aufirst=%E8%B5%9B%E6%96%AF&rft.aulast=%E4%BC%AF%E6%81%A9%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6&rft.btitle=Plumes+spewing+from+Saturn+moon+may+contain+water&rft.date=2008-11-26&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.yahoo.com%2Fs%2Fap%2F20081126%2Fap_on_sc%2Fsci_watery_moon&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081209042444/http://science.jpl.nasa.gov/people/Hansen/">JPL Science Division Home</a>. <a href="/wiki/NASA" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA">NASA</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2008-11-27</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://science.jpl.nasa.gov/people/Hansen/">原始内容</a>存档于2008-12-09).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C&rft.btitle=JPL+Science+Division+Home&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=NASA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscience.jpl.nasa.gov%2Fpeople%2FHansen%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081218010540/http://www.cnn.com/2008/TECH/space/11/26/saturn.moon.water.ap/index.html?iref=mpstoryview">Astronomers find hints of water on Saturn moon</a>. CNN.com. 2008-11-26 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-08-10</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2008/TECH/space/11/26/saturn.moon.water.ap/index.html?iref=mpstoryview">原始内容</a>存档于2008-12-18).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C&rft.atitle=Astronomers+find+hints+of+water+on+Saturn+moon&rft.date=2008-11-26&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2008%2FTECH%2Fspace%2F11%2F26%2Fsaturn.moon.water.ap%2Findex.html%3Firef%3Dmpstoryview&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guardian-20140403-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Guardian-20140403_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Sample, Ian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/2014/apr/03/ocean-enceladus-alien-life-water-saturn-moon">Ocean discovered on Enceladus may be best place to look for alien life</a>. The Guardian. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-04-03</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140404042504/http://www.theguardian.com/science/2014/apr/03/ocean-enceladus-alien-life-water-saturn-moon">存档</a>于2014-04-04).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft.aulast=Sample&rft.btitle=Ocean+discovered+on+Enceladus+may+be+best+place+to+look+for+alien+life&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=The+Guardian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fscience%2F2014%2Fapr%2F03%2Focean-enceladus-alien-life-water-saturn-moon&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/scienceandtechnology/science/space/5625932/Salt-water-caverns-may-be-beneath-surface-of-Saturn-moon.html">Salt water caverns may be beneath surface of Saturn moon</a>. The Telegraph. 2009-06-24 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">June 25,</span> 2009]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090627094401/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/scienceandtechnology/science/space/5625932/Salt-water-caverns-may-be-beneath-surface-of-Saturn-moon.html">存档</a>于2009-06-27).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C&rft.atitle=Salt+water+caverns+may+be+beneath+surface+of+Saturn+moon&rft.date=2009-06-24&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fscienceandtechnology%2Fscience%2Fspace%2F5625932%2FSalt-water-caverns-may-be-beneath-surface-of-Saturn-moon.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/4895358.stm">Saturn's moon 'best bet for life<span style="padding-right:0.2em;">'</span></a>. BBC新闻. 2006-04-10 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-08-18</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200528214942/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/4895358.stm">存档</a>于2020-05-28).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C&rft.atitle=Saturn%27s+moon+%27best+bet+for+life%27&rft.date=2006-04-10&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fscience%2Fnature%2F4895358.stm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astrobio.net/pressrelease/2269/a-hot-start-on-enceladus">A Hot Start on Enceladus</a>. Astrobiology Magazine. 2007-03-14 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-08-18</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200528215014/https://www.astrobio.net/enceladus/a-hot-start-on-enceladus/">存档</a>于2020-05-28).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C&rft.atitle=A+Hot+Start+on+Enceladus&rft.date=2007-03-14&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Astrobiology+Magazine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astrobio.net%2Fpressrelease%2F2269%2Fa-hot-start-on-enceladus&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100106104225/http://spaceinfo.com.au/mimas20081203.html">Meet Mimas, Saturn's 'bullseye' moon</a>. Spaceinfo.com.au. 2008-11-13 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-08-18</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spaceinfo.com.au/mimas20081203.html">原始内容</a>存档于2010-01-06).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C&rft.atitle=Meet+Mimas%2C+Saturn%27s+%27bullseye%27+moon&rft.date=2008-11-13&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Spaceinfo.com.au&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spaceinfo.com.au%2Fmimas20081203.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="注释"><span id=".E6.B3.A8.E9.87.8A"></span>注释</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节:注释"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small"> <ol type="a"> <li><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_Anone"><a href="#ref_Anone"><b><sup>^</sup></b></a></span> 由于至今还无法获取行星或卫星的样本,所以计算其表面撞击坑数是确定行星和卫星表面的绝对地质年代的唯一方法。遗憾的是,科学界对于外层太阳系天体的撞击坑演化过程的认识仍然存在分歧,即使是基于相同的撞击坑数目,不同模型估计的地质年代也存在着巨大的差异。为完整起见,本文的相关数据均为自伯克等人2006年公布的数据。 </li><li><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_Bnone"><a href="#ref_Bnone"><b><sup>^</sup></b></a></span> 计算土卫二上所观测到的土星的角直径的方法是:将土星的直径除以土卫二轨道半长轴的长度,所得数据换算成角度,再乘以180/π。(更准确的说,该角直径即为土星直径除以土卫二与土星之间距离所得数据的两倍。)同理,该方法也可用来计算土卫二上观测到的其他天体的角直径。 </li></ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节:外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>上的相关多媒体资源:<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Enceladus" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Enceladus"><span style="font-weight:bold;">土卫二</span></a></div></div> </div> <ul><li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070801204600/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Sat_Enceladus">土卫二简介</a>. 美国航空航天局之太阳系探测. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-05-09</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Sat_Enceladus">原始内容</a>存档于2007-08-01) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C&rft.btitle=%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C%E7%AE%80%E4%BB%8B&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%B1%80%E4%B9%8B%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%B3%BB%E6%8E%A2%E6%B5%8B&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsolarsystem.nasa.gov%2Fplanets%2Fprofile.cfm%3FObject%3DSat_Enceladus&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nineplanets.org/enceladus.html">第九行星:土卫二</a>. 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href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:土星的卫星"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="土星的衛星" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F" title="土星">土星</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F" title="土星的卫星">衛星</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>以與土星之距離從近到遠排列</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">牧羊犬衛星</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/S/2009_S_1" title="S/2009 S 1">S/2009 S 1</a></b> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F%E7%92%B0#小衛星" title="土星環"><b>推进器小卫星</b></a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AB" title="土卫十八"><b>土衛十八</b>(潘)</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%94" title="土卫三十五"><b>土衛三十五</b>(达佛涅斯)</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%94" title="土卫十五"><b>土衛十五</b>(阿特拉斯)</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD" title="土卫十六"><b>土衛十六</b>(普罗米修斯)</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/S/2004_S_6" title="S/2004 S 6">S/2004 S 6</a></b>? <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/S/2004_S_4" title="S/2004 S 4">S/2004 S 4</a></b>? <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/S/2004_S_3" title="S/2004 S 3">S/2004 S 3</a></b>? <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%83" title="土卫十七"><b>土衛十七</b>(潘多拉)</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">共軌衛星</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80" title="土卫十一"><b>土衛十一</b>(厄庇墨透斯)</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E5%8D%81" title="土卫十"><b>土衛十</b>(杰纳斯)</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F%E7%92%B0#G環" title="土星環">G环卫星</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%A1%9B%E4%BA%94%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89" title="土衛五十三"><b>土卫五十三</b>(埃该翁)</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">內圈大衛星<br /><small><span style="font-weight:normal;">包括<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="特洛伊小行星">特洛依衛星</a></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%80" title="土卫一"><b>土衛一</b>(米玛斯)</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink"><b>土衛二</b>(恩克拉多斯)</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89" title="土卫三"><b>土衛三</b>(忒堤斯)</a><small>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89" title="土卫十三"><b>土衛十三</b>(忒勒斯托)</a> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E5%8D%81%E5%9B%9B" title="土卫十四"><b>土衛十四</b>(卡吕普索)</a>)</small> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E5%9B%9B" title="土卫四"><b>土衛四</b>(狄俄涅)</a><small>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C" title="土卫十二"><b>土衛十二</b>(海伦)</a> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E5%9B%9B" title="土卫三十四"><b>土衛三十四</b>(波吕丢刻斯)</a>)</small></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">阿尔库俄尼得斯卫星群</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C" title="土卫三十二"><b>土衛三十二</b>(墨托涅)</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89" title="土卫三十三"><b>土衛三十三</b>(帕勒涅)</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%A1%9B%E5%9B%9B%E5%8D%81%E4%B9%9D" title="土衛四十九"><b>土衛四十九</b>(阿尔库俄尼得斯)</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">外圈大衛星</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%94" title="土卫五"><b>土衛五</b>(瑞亚)</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%97%E4%BA%9E%E7%92%B0" title="麗亞環">土衛五環</a>) <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E5%85%AD" title="土卫六"><b>土衛六</b>(提坦)</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%83" title="土卫七"><b>土衛七</b>(许珀里翁)</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E5%85%AB" title="土卫八"><b>土衛八</b>(伊阿珀托斯)</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%A0%E7%B4%90%E7%89%B9%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F%E7%BE%A4" title="因紐特衛星群">因紐特衛星群</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/S/2019_S_1" title="S/2019 S 1">S/2019 S 1</a></b><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E5%9B%9B" title="土卫二十四"><b>土衛二十四</b>(基维尤克)</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C" title="土卫二十二"><b>土衛二十二</b>(伊耶拉克)</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81" title="土卫二十"><b>土衛二十</b>(波里阿科)</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E5%85%AD%E5%8D%81" title="土卫六十">土卫六十</a></b><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/S/2004_S_31" title="S/2004 S 31">S/2004 S 31</a></b><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%A1%9B%E4%BA%94%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C" title="土衛五十二"><b>土衛五十二</b>(塔尔科克)</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%B9%9D" title="土卫二十九"><b>土衛二十九</b>(西阿尔那克)</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F%E7%BE%A4" title="諾爾斯衛星群">諾爾斯衛星群</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%B9%9D" title="土卫九"><b>土衛九</b>(福柏)</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%83" title="土卫二十七"><b>土衛二十七</b>(斯卡蒂)</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/S/2007_S_2" title="S/2007 S 2">S/2007 S 2</a></b> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%A1%9B%E5%9B%9B%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%83" title="土衛四十七"><b>土衛四十七</b>(斯库尔)</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/S/2004_S_13" title="S/2004 S 13">S/2004 S 13</a></b> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%A1%9B%E4%BA%94%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80" title="土衛五十一"><b>土衛五十一</b>(格蕾普)</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%A1%9B%E5%9B%9B%E5%8D%81%E5%9B%9B" title="土衛四十四"><b>土衛四十四</b>(希尔罗金)</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%94" title="土卫二十五"><b>土衛二十五</b>(蒙迪尔法利)</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%A1%9B%E4%BA%94%E5%8D%81" title="土衛五十"><b>土衛五十</b>(雅恩莎撒)</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/S/2006_S_1" title="S/2006 S 1">S/2006 S 1</a></b> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/S/2004_S_17" title="S/2004 S 17">S/2004 S 17</a></b> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80" title="土卫三十一"><b>土衛三十一</b>(那维)</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%A1%9B%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AB" title="土衛三十八"><b>土衛三十八</b>(勃尔格尔密尔)</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%A1%9B%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD" title="土衛三十六"><b>土衛三十六</b>(埃吉尔)</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89" title="土卫二十三"><b>土衛二十三</b>(苏特顿)</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/S/2004_S_12" title="S/2004 S 12">S/2004 S 12</a></b> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%A1%9B%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E4%B9%9D" title="土衛三十九"><b>土衛三十九</b>(贝丝特拉)</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%A1%9B%E5%9B%9B%E5%8D%81" title="土衛四十"><b>土衛四十</b>(法布提)</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%A1%9B%E5%9B%9B%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89" title="土衛四十三"><b>土衛四十三</b>(哈梯)</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/S/2004_S_7" title="S/2004 S 7">S/2004 S 7</a></b> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81" title="土卫三十"><b>土衛三十</b>(索列姆)</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/S/2007_S_3" title="S/2007 S 3">S/2007 S 3</a></b> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/S/2006_S_3" title="S/2006 S 3">S/2006 S 3</a></b> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%A1%9B%E5%9B%9B%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AB" title="土衛四十八"><b>土衛四十八</b>(苏尔特尔)</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%A1%9B%E5%9B%9B%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%94" title="土衛四十五"><b>土衛四十五</b>(卡利)</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%A1%9B%E5%9B%9B%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80" title="土衛四十一"><b>土衛四十一</b>(芬利尔)</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E5%8D%81%E4%B9%9D" title="土卫十九"><b>土衛十九</b>(伊米尔)</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%A1%9B%E5%9B%9B%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD" title="土衛四十六"><b>土衛四十六</b>(洛格)</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%A1%9B%E5%9B%9B%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C" title="土衛四十二"><b>土衛四十二</b>(佛恩尤特)</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%94%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AB" title="土卫五十八"><b>土卫五十八</b></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%9B%A7%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F%E7%BE%A4" title="高盧衛星群">高盧衛星群</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD" title="土卫二十六"><b>土衛二十六</b>(阿尔比俄里克斯)</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%A1%9B%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%83" title="土衛三十七"><b>土衛三十七</b>(贝芬)</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AB" title="土卫二十八"><b>土衛二十八</b>(厄里阿波)</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80" title="土卫二十一"><b>土衛二十一</b>(塔沃斯)</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">顺行外卫星</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/S/2004_S_24" title="S/2004 S 24">S/2004 S 24</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F%E7%92%B0" title="土星環">土星環</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E8%A5%BF%E5%B0%BC-%E6%83%A0%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%AF%E5%8F%B7" title="卡西尼-惠更斯号">卡西尼-惠更斯号</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="太陽系的天然衛星" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E7%B3%BB%E7%9A%84%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" title="Template:太陽系的衛星"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E7%B3%BB%E7%9A%84%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" title="Template talk:太陽系的衛星"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E7%B3%BB%E7%9A%84%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:太陽系的衛星"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="太陽系的天然衛星" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="太陽系">太陽系</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" title="衛星">天然衛星</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%B3%BB%E5%A4%A9%E7%84%B6%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="太阳系天然卫星列表">行星的衛星</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83#衛星" title="地球">地球的衛星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E6%98%9F%E7%9A%84%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" title="火星的衛星">火星的衛星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%98%9F%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F" title="木星的卫星">木星的卫星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F" title="土星的卫星">土星的卫星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%8E%8B%E6%98%9F%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F" title="天王星的卫星">天王星的卫星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E7%8E%8B%E6%98%9F%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F" title="海王星的卫星">海王星的卫星</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jupiter_family.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Jupiter_family.jpg/150px-Jupiter_family.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Jupiter_family.jpg/225px-Jupiter_family.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Jupiter_family.jpg/300px-Jupiter_family.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2081" data-file-height="1654" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PIA19856-PlutoCharon-NewHorizons-Color-20150714.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/PIA19856-PlutoCharon-NewHorizons-Color-20150714.jpg/150px-PIA19856-PlutoCharon-NewHorizons-Color-20150714.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/PIA19856-PlutoCharon-NewHorizons-Color-20150714.jpg/225px-PIA19856-PlutoCharon-NewHorizons-Color-20150714.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/PIA19856-PlutoCharon-NewHorizons-Color-20150714.jpg/300px-PIA19856-PlutoCharon-NewHorizons-Color-20150714.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2526" data-file-height="501" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:243_ida_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/243_ida_crop.jpg/150px-243_ida_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/243_ida_crop.jpg/225px-243_ida_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/243_ida_crop.jpg/300px-243_ida_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="618" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%B3%BB%E5%A4%A9%E7%84%B6%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="太阳系天然卫星列表">矮行星的卫星</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%A5%E7%8E%8B%E6%98%9F%E7%9A%84%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" title="冥王星的衛星">冥王星的衛星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%8A%E7%A5%9E%E6%98%9F%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F" title="妊神星的卫星">妊神星的卫星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S/2015_(136472)_1" title="S/2015 (136472) 1">鸟卫一</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%8B%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%80" title="阋卫一">阋卫一</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" title="小行星衛星">小行星的卫星</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>• <b>近地小行星:</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F3122" title="小行星3122">佛罗伦斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F3671" title="小行星3671">狄俄倪索斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F65803" class="mw-redirect" title="小行星65803">迪迪莫斯</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F66391&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="小行星66391(页面不存在)">1999 KW4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F136617&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="小行星136617(页面不存在)">1994 CC</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F153591&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="小行星153591(页面不存在)">2001 SN<sub>263</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F285263" title="小行星285263">1998 QE<sub>2</sub></a><br /></li> <li><b>主带小行星:</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E8%B5%8B%E6%98%9F" title="司赋星">司赋星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BD%E7%A5%9E%E6%98%9F" title="丽神星">丽神星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%82%E7%A5%9E%E6%98%9F" title="桂神星">桂神星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F45" title="小行星45">香女星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E7%A5%9E%E6%98%9F" title="林神星">林神星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%85%A7%E7%A5%9E%E6%98%9F" title="慧神星">慧神星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%B6%E7%A5%9E%E6%98%9F" title="驶神星">驶神星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%82%E5%A5%B3%E6%98%9F" title="怂女星">怂女星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%B7%E5%90%8E%E6%98%9F" title="艷后星">艳后星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E5%A5%B3%E6%98%9F" title="艾女星">艾女星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F283" title="小行星283">艾玛星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F317" title="小行星317">罗克珊娜星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F762" title="小行星762">普尔科瓦星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F1509" title="小行星1509">埃斯克兰贡星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F3749" title="小行星3749">巴兰星</a><br /></li> <li><b>木星特洛伊小行星:</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F617" title="小行星617">帕特罗克洛斯星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F624" title="小行星624">赫克特星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F3548" title="小行星3548">欧律巴忒斯星</a> <br /></li> <li><b>海王星外天体:</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F47171" title="小行星47171">恶神星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%9B%E7%A5%9E%E6%98%9F" title="创神星">创神星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F55637" title="小行星55637">2002 UX<sub>25</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%82%E9%AD%84%E7%A5%9E%E6%98%9F" title="魂魄神星">魂魄神星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A1%E7%A5%9E%E6%98%9F" title="亡神星">亡神星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F120347" title="小行星120347">潫神星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F174567" title="小行星174567">瓦尔妲星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E5%B7%A5%E6%98%9F" title="共工星">共工星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F229762" title="小行星229762">雹神星</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F532037&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="小行星532037(页面不存在)">2013 FY<sub>27</sub></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">较大的卫星</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>• <a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89" title="木卫三">木卫三</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E5%85%AD" title="土卫六">土卫六</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E5%9B%9B" title="木卫四">木卫四</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%80" title="木卫一">木卫一</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%88%E7%90%83" title="月球">月球</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C" title="木卫二">木卫二</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%80" title="海卫一">海卫一</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89" title="天卫三">天卫三</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%94" title="土卫五">土卫五</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%8D%AB%E5%9B%9B" title="天卫四">天卫四</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E5%85%AB" title="土卫八">土卫八</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%A5%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%80" title="冥卫一">冥卫一</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C" title="天卫二">天卫二</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%80" title="天卫一">天卫一</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E5%9B%9B" title="土卫四">土卫四</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%89" title="土卫三">土卫三</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%8B%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%80" title="阋卫一">阋卫一</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">土卫二</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%94" title="天卫五">天卫五</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A1%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%80" title="亡卫一">亡卫一</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%8D%AB%E5%85%AB" title="海卫八">海卫八</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%80" title="土卫一">土卫一</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="瓦卫一" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ilmarë (moon)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%93%A6%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瓦卫一(页面不存在)">瓦卫一</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmar%C3%AB_(moon)" class="extiw" title="en:Ilmarë (moon)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ilmarë (moon)</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C" title="海卫二">海卫二</a></li> <li>...</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%B3%BB%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%93%E5%8F%91%E7%8E%B0%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="太阳系天体发现时间列表">發現的時間</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%B3%BB%E5%A4%A9%E7%84%B6%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="太阳系天然卫星列表">列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" title="內衛星">內衛星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E8%A6%8F%E5%89%87%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" title="不規則衛星">不規則衛星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%8F%E5%89%87%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" title="規則衛星">規則衛星</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="行星大小的卫星" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Planetary-mass moon"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F%E5%A4%A7%E5%B0%8F%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="行星大小的卫星(页面不存在)">行星大小的卫星</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary-mass_moon" class="extiw" title="en:Planetary-mass moon"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Planetary-mass moon</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F%E7%9A%84%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D" title="卫星的命名">命名</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="卫星的卫星" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Subsatellite"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卫星的卫星(页面不存在)">卫星的卫星</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsatellite" class="extiw" title="en:Subsatellite"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Subsatellite</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="特洛伊卫星">特洛伊卫星</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="天體生物學" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%A4%A9%E9%AB%94%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="Template:天體生物學"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%A4%A9%E9%AB%94%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="Template talk:天體生物學"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%A4%A9%E9%AB%94%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:天體生物學"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="天體生物學" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E9%AB%94%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="天體生物學">天體生物學</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">學科</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%93%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="天体化学">天体化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%93%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="天体物理学">天体物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="大气科学">大气科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="生物化学">生物化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="微生物学">微生物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="行星科学">行星科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E5%AD%A6" title="物理宇宙学">物理宇宙学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="演化生物学">演化生物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%BB%E5%A4%96%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F%E5%AD%B8" title="系外行星學">系外行星學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="古生物学">古生物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E5%AD%A6" title="生态学">生态学</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">主要议题</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E8%B5%B7%E6%BA%90" title="生命起源">生命起源</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E4%BC%A6%E4%B8%98%E9%99%B5%E9%99%A8%E7%9F%B384001" title="艾伦丘陵陨石84001">艾伦丘陵陨石84001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90" title="生物分子">生物分子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E5%8D%B0%E8%BF%B9" title="生命印迹">生命印迹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%99%BC%E7%94%9F" title="自然發生">無生源論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E9%9B%B7%E5%85%8B%E5%85%AC%E5%BC%8F" title="德雷克公式">德雷克公式</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%B3%BB#形成和演化" title="太阳系">太阳系形成</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%9B%B8%E4%BC%BC%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B8" title="地球相似指數">地球相似指數</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E6%98%9F%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD" title="外星生命">外星生命</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E6%98%9F%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD" title="火星生命">火星生命</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E5%85%AD%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD" title="土卫六生命">土卫六生命</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E4%BC%A0%E7%BB%9F%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="非传统生物">非传统生物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F" title="海洋行星">海洋行星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%9A%E7%A8%AE%E8%AB%96" title="胚種論">胚種論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%81%87%E5%AE%9A%E5%9E%8B%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="假定型生物化学">假定型生物化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%97%9C%E6%A5%B5%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="嗜極生物">嗜極生物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%90%9C%E5%AF%BB%E5%9C%B0%E5%A4%96%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92" title="搜寻地外文明计划">搜寻地外文明计划</a>(SETI)</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="大和陨石000593" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Yamato 000593"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E5%92%8C%E9%99%A8%E7%9F%B3000593&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大和陨石000593(页面不存在)">大和陨石000593</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yamato_000593" class="extiw" title="en:Yamato 000593"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Yamato 000593</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F%E9%81%A9%E5%B1%85%E6%80%A7" title="行星適居性">行星適居性</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%A9%E5%B1%85%E5%B8%B6" title="適居帶">適居帶</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="联星系统的适居性" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Habitability of binary star systems"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%94%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E7%9A%84%E9%80%82%E5%B1%85%E6%80%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="联星系统的适居性(页面不存在)">联星系统的适居性</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habitability_of_binary_star_systems" class="extiw" title="en:Habitability of binary star systems"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Habitability of binary star systems</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="K型主序星系的适居性" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Habitability of K-type main-sequence star systems"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=K%E5%9E%8B%E4%B8%BB%E5%BA%8F%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E7%9A%84%E9%80%82%E5%B1%85%E6%80%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="K型主序星系的适居性(页面不存在)">K型主序星系的适居性</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habitability_of_K-type_main-sequence_star_systems" class="extiw" title="en:Habitability of K-type main-sequence star systems"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Habitability of K-type main-sequence star systems</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="天然卫星適居性" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Natural satellite habitability"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E7%84%B6%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F%E9%81%A9%E5%B1%85%E6%80%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="天然卫星適居性(页面不存在)">天然卫星適居性</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_satellite_habitability" class="extiw" title="en:Natural satellite habitability"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Natural satellite habitability</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="红矮星系统的适居性" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Habitability of red dwarf systems"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%A2%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E7%9A%84%E9%80%82%E5%B1%85%E6%80%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="红矮星系统的适居性(页面不存在)">红矮星系统的适居性</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habitability_of_red_dwarf_systems" class="extiw" title="en:Habitability of red dwarf systems"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Habitability of red dwarf systems</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%82%E5%B1%85%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%B3%BB%E5%A4%96%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95" title="适居太阳系外行星目录">适居太阳系外行星目录</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E6%9E%97_(%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6)" title="托林 (天文学)">托林</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%A4%96%E6%B6%B2%E6%85%8B%E6%B0%B4" title="地外液態水">地外液態水</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="星系适居带" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Galactic habitable zone"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E9%80%82%E5%B1%85%E5%B8%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="星系适居带(页面不存在)">星系适居带</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galactic_habitable_zone" class="extiw" title="en:Galactic habitable zone"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Galactic habitable zone</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">太空<br />任务</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">地球轨道</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Biolab" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Biolab"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biolab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biolab(页面不存在)">Biolab</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biolab" class="extiw" title="en:Biolab"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Biolab</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bion_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bion (satellite)(页面不存在)">Bion</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="BIOPAN" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="BIOPAN"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=BIOPAN&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BIOPAN(页面不存在)">BIOPAN</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOPAN" class="extiw" title="en:BIOPAN"><span lang="en" dir="auto">BIOPAN</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biosatellite_program&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biosatellite program(页面不存在)">Biosatellite program</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exobiology_Radiation_Assembly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Exobiology Radiation Assembly(页面不存在)">ERA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Long_Duration_Exposure_Facility&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Long Duration Exposure Facility(页面不存在)">EXOSTACK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AB%A6%E5%A8%A5%E5%9B%9B%E5%8F%B7#科学仪器" title="嫦娥四号">月球微型生态系统</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=EXPOSE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EXPOSE(页面不存在)">EXPOSE</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=O/OREOS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O/OREOS(页面不存在)">O/OREOS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OREOcube&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OREOcube(页面不存在)">OREOcube</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanpopo_(mission)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tanpopo (mission)(页面不存在)">Tanpopo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">火星任务</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E7%8D%B5%E7%8A%AC2%E8%99%9F" title="小獵犬2號">小獵犬2號</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A6%8F%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AF%E2%80%94%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="福布斯—土壤(页面不存在)">福布斯—土壤</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExoMars" title="ExoMars">ExoMars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E6%98%9F%E5%BE%AE%E9%87%8F%E6%B0%A3%E9%AB%94%E4%BB%BB%E5%8B%99%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" title="火星微量氣體任務衛星">火星微量氣體任務衛星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%9E%E5%B8%95%E9%9B%B7%E5%88%A9EDM%E7%99%BB%E9%99%B8%E5%99%A8" title="斯基亞帕雷利EDM登陸器">斯基亞帕雷利EDM登陸器</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E6%98%9F%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E5%AE%A4" title="火星科学实验室">火星科学实验室</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%A4%E5%87%B0%E5%8F%B7%E7%81%AB%E6%98%9F%E6%8E%A2%E6%B5%8B%E5%99%A8" title="凤凰号火星探测器">凤凰号</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E7%9B%97%E5%8F%B7%E7%9D%80%E9%99%86%E5%99%A8%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%8E%A2%E6%B5%8B%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C" title="海盗号着陆器生物探测实验">海盗号</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E6%98%9F2020" title="火星2020">火星2020</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%85%E5%8A%9B%E5%8F%B7%E7%81%AB%E6%98%9F%E6%8E%A2%E6%B5%8B%E5%99%A8" title="毅力号火星探测器">毅力号</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E9%97%AE%E4%B8%80%E5%8F%B7" title="天问一号">天问一号</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9D%E8%9E%8D%E5%8F%B7%E7%81%AB%E6%98%9F%E8%BD%A6" title="祝融号火星车">祝融号</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">彗星和<br />小行星</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%BC%E9%B8%9F2%E5%8F%B7" title="隼鸟2号">隼鸟2号</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSIRIS-REx" title="OSIRIS-REx">OSIRIS-REx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E5%A1%9E%E5%A1%94%E8%99%9F" title="羅塞塔號">羅塞塔號</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">规划中</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="BioSentinel" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="BioSentinel"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=BioSentinel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BioSentinel(页面不存在)">BioSentinel</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BioSentinel" class="extiw" title="en:BioSentinel"><span lang="en" dir="auto">BioSentinel</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%9C%BB%E8%9C%93%E8%99%9F" title="蜻蜓號">蜻蜓號</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E7%BD%97%E5%B7%B4%E5%BF%AB%E8%88%B9" title="欧罗巴快船">欧罗巴快船</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExoMars" title="ExoMars">ExoMars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E8%8E%8E%E7%90%B3%C2%B7%E5%AF%8C%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B%E6%9E%97%E8%99%9F" title="羅莎琳·富蘭克林號">羅莎琳·富蘭克林號</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="哥薩克舞號登陸器" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kazachok"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%A5%E8%96%A9%E5%85%8B%E8%88%9E%E8%99%9F%E7%99%BB%E9%99%B8%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哥薩克舞號登陸器(页面不存在)">哥薩克舞號登陸器</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazachok" class="extiw" title="en:Kazachok"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kazachok</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%8F%89%E6%88%9F%E5%8F%B7" title="三叉戟号">三叉戟号</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E9%BE%8D%E8%99%9F%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E8%88%B9" title="紅龍號太空船">紅龍號</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E9%97%AE%E4%B8%80%E5%8F%B7" title="天问一号">天问一号</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">提议中</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9%E5%92%8C%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E6%8E%A2%E6%B5%8B" title="生物氧化物和生命探测">生物氧化物和生命探测</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enceladus_Explorer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enceladus Explorer(页面不存在)">Enceladus Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E5%8F%91%E7%8E%B0%E8%80%85" title="土卫二生命发现者">土卫二生命发现者</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ExoLance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ExoLance(页面不存在)">ExoLance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B4%E5%86%B0%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD" title="破冰生命">破冰生命</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E5%85%AD%E4%B9%8B%E6%97%85" title="土卫二和土卫六之旅">土卫二和土卫六之旅</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%99%AE%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF-P" title="拉普拉斯-P">拉普拉斯-P</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Life_Investigation_For_Enceladus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Life Investigation For Enceladus(页面不存在)">Life Investigation For Enceladus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E6%98%9F%E6%A8%A3%E6%9C%AC%E5%8F%96%E5%9B%9E%E4%BB%BB%E5%8B%99" title="火星樣本取回任務">火星樣本取回任務</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Light_(spacecraft)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Northern Light (spacecraft)(页面不存在)">Northern Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E5%AE%9C%E5%B1%85%E6%80%A7%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95" title="土卫二海洋宜居性测试">西奥号</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E5%85%AD%E6%8E%A2%E6%B5%8B%E5%99%A8" title="土卫二和土卫六探测器">土卫二和土卫六探测器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E5%88%BB%E9%98%BF%E8%AF%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%8F%B7" title="俄刻阿诺斯号">俄刻阿诺斯号</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E7%BD%97%E5%B7%B4%E7%9D%80%E9%99%86%E5%99%A8" title="欧罗巴着陆器">欧罗巴着陆器</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">已取消</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrobiology_Field_Laboratory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astrobiology Field Laboratory(页面不存在)">Astrobiology Field Laboratory</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="小獵犬3號" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Beagle 3"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8F%E7%8D%B5%E7%8A%AC3%E8%99%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="小獵犬3號(页面不存在)">小獵犬3號</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beagle_3" class="extiw" title="en:Beagle 3"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Beagle 3</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Living_Interplanetary_Flight_Experiment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Living Interplanetary Flight Experiment(页面不存在)">Living Interplanetary Flight Experiment</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mars_Astrobiology_Explorer-Cacher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mars Astrobiology Explorer-Cacher(页面不存在)">Mars Astrobiology Explorer-Cacher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%9E%E5%9C%B0%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F%E7%99%BC%E7%8F%BE%E8%80%85" title="類地行星發現者">類地行星發現者</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">机构<br />和方案</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="英国天体生物学会" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Astrobiology Society of Britain"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%93%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="英国天体生物学会(页面不存在)">英国天体生物学会</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrobiology_Society_of_Britain" class="extiw" title="en:Astrobiology Society of Britain"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Astrobiology Society of Britain</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrobiology_Science_and_Technology_for_Exploring_Planets&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astrobiology Science and Technology for Exploring Planets(页面不存在)">Astrobiology Science and Technology for Exploring Planets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E7%A0%B4%E5%80%A1%E8%AD%B0" title="突破倡議">突破倡議</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Breakthrough Listen" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Breakthrough Listen"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Breakthrough_Listen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Breakthrough Listen(页面不存在)">突破聆听</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakthrough_Listen" class="extiw" title="en:Breakthrough Listen"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Breakthrough Listen</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="突破讯息" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Breakthrough Initiatives#Breakthrough Message"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AA%81%E7%A0%B4%E8%AE%AF%E6%81%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="突破讯息(页面不存在)">突破讯息</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakthrough_Initiatives#Breakthrough_Message" class="extiw" title="en:Breakthrough Initiatives"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Breakthrough Initiatives#Breakthrough Message</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E7%A0%B4%E6%91%84%E6%98%9F" title="突破摄星">突破摄星</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="卡尔萨根研究所" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Carl Sagan Institute"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%E8%90%A8%E6%A0%B9%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卡尔萨根研究所(页面不存在)">卡尔萨根研究所</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Sagan_Institute" class="extiw" title="en:Carl Sagan Institute"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Carl Sagan Institute</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="欧洲天体生物学网络协会" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="European Astrobiology Network Association"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%93%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%8D%8F%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="欧洲天体生物学网络协会(页面不存在)">欧洲天体生物学网络协会</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Astrobiology_Network_Association" class="extiw" title="en:European Astrobiology Network Association"><span lang="en" dir="auto">European Astrobiology Network Association</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="美国宇航局天体生物学研究所" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="NASA Astrobiology Institute"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%87%E8%88%AA%E5%B1%80%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%93%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美国宇航局天体生物学研究所(页面不存在)">美国宇航局天体生物学研究所</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA_Astrobiology_Institute" class="extiw" title="en:NASA Astrobiology Institute"><span lang="en" dir="auto">NASA Astrobiology Institute</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nexus_for_Exoplanet_System_Science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nexus for Exoplanet System Science(页面不存在)">Nexus for Exoplanet System Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%8E%A2%E7%B4%A2%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92" title="海洋世界探索计划">海洋世界探索计划</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="西班牙天體生物學中心" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Spanish Astrobiology Center"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E5%A4%A9%E9%AB%94%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西班牙天體生物學中心(页面不存在)">西班牙天體生物學中心</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Astrobiology_Center" class="extiw" title="en:Spanish Astrobiology Center"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Spanish Astrobiology Center</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="分类"><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span><b><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%A4%A9%E9%AB%94%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="Category:天體生物學">天體生物學分類</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="外星生命" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;;background:#99BBCF;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Extraterrestrial_life" title="Template:Extraterrestrial life"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Extraterrestrial_life" title="Template talk:Extraterrestrial life"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Extraterrestrial_life" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Extraterrestrial life"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="外星生命" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E6%98%9F%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD" title="外星生命">外星生命</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">事件和物體</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="艾伦丘陵陨石77005" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Allan Hills 77005"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%89%BE%E4%BC%A6%E4%B8%98%E9%99%B5%E9%99%A8%E7%9F%B377005&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="艾伦丘陵陨石77005(页面不存在)">艾伦丘陵陨石77005</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allan_Hills_77005" class="extiw" title="en:Allan Hills 77005"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Allan Hills 77005</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E4%BC%A6%E4%B8%98%E9%99%B5%E9%99%A8%E7%9F%B384001" title="艾伦丘陵陨石84001">艾伦丘陵陨石84001</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="CI1陨石" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="CI1 fossils"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=CI1%E9%99%A8%E7%9F%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CI1陨石(页面不存在)">CI1陨石</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CI1_fossils" class="extiw" title="en:CI1 fossils"><span lang="en" dir="auto">CI1 fossils</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%98%E5%A5%87%E6%A3%AE%E9%99%A8%E7%9F%B3" title="默奇森陨石">默奇森陨石</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%88%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E9%99%A8%E7%9F%B3" title="奈克拉陨石">奈克拉陨石</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="波隆纳鲁瓦陨石" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Polonnaruwa (meteorite)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E9%9A%86%E7%BA%B3%E9%B2%81%E7%93%A6%E9%99%A8%E7%9F%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="波隆纳鲁瓦陨石(页面不存在)">波隆纳鲁瓦陨石</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonnaruwa_(meteorite)" class="extiw" title="en:Polonnaruwa (meteorite)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Polonnaruwa (meteorite)</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%80%E6%8B%89%E6%8B%89%E7%B4%85%E9%9B%A8" title="喀拉拉紅雨">喀拉拉紅雨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%A2%E5%B0%94%E5%8D%A1%E8%92%82%E9%99%A8%E7%9F%B3" title="谢尔卡蒂陨石">谢尔卡蒂陨石</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E7%9B%97%E5%8F%B7%E7%9D%80%E9%99%86%E5%99%A8%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%8E%A2%E6%B5%8B%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C" title="海盗号着陆器生物探测实验">海盗号着陆器生物探测实验</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="雅马拓陨石593" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Yamato 000593"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%85%E9%A9%AC%E6%8B%93%E9%99%A8%E7%9F%B3593&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雅马拓陨石593(页面不存在)">雅马拓陨石593</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yamato_000593" class="extiw" title="en:Yamato 000593"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Yamato 000593</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">相关的信号</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">误认</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PSR_B1919%2B21" title="PSR B1919+21">CP 1919</a> <small>(被误认的脉冲星)</small></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="CTA-102" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="CTA-102"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=CTA-102&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CTA-102(页面不存在)">CTA-102</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CTA-102" class="extiw" title="en:CTA-102"><span lang="en" dir="auto">CTA-102</span></a></span>)</span></span> <small>(被误认的类星体)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F" title="恒星">恒星</a>信号</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KIC_8462852" title="KIC 8462852">KIC 8462852</a> <small>(不寻常的光波动)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EPIC_204278916" title="EPIC 204278916">EPIC 204278916</a> <small>(不寻常的光波动)</small></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="VVV-WIT-07" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="VVV-WIT-07"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=VVV-WIT-07&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VVV-WIT-07(页面不存在)">VVV-WIT-07</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VVV-WIT-07" class="extiw" title="en:VVV-WIT-07"><span lang="en" dir="auto">VVV-WIT-07</span></a></span>)</span></span> <small>(不寻常的光波动)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_164595" title="HD 164595">HD 164595</a> <small>(未知的无线电信号)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SHGb02%2B14a%E6%97%A0%E7%BA%BF%E7%94%B5%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7" title="SHGb02+14a无线电信号">SHGb02+14a</a> <small>(无线电信号)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wow!%E8%A8%8A%E8%99%9F" title="Wow!訊號">Wow!訊號</a> <small>(尚无结论的信号)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E9%9B%BB%E6%B3%A2%E7%88%86%E7%99%BC" title="快速電波爆發">快速電波爆發</a> <small>(未知的信号)</small></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="BLC1" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="BLC1"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=BLC1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BLC1(页面不存在)">BLC1</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BLC1" class="extiw" title="en:BLC1"><span lang="en" dir="auto">BLC1</span></a></span>)</span></span> <small>(无线电信号)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">已知可能<br />存在过生命的天体</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B2%E7%9F%A5%E6%9C%80%E5%8F%A4%E8%80%81%E7%9A%84%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD" title="已知最古老的生命">已知最古老的生命</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%98%9F%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD" title="金星生命">金星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E6%98%9F%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD" title="火星生命">火星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C#可能的生命" title="木卫二">木卫二</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#液态水存在的可能性">土卫二</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E5%85%AD#可能的生命" title="土卫六">土卫六</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F%E9%81%A9%E5%B1%85%E6%80%A7" title="行星適居性">行星適居性</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%A9%E5%B1%85%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="適居恆星表">適居恆星表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%A9%E5%B1%85%E5%B8%B6" title="適居帶">適居帶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%BC%E5%9C%B0%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F" title="似地行星">似地行星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%A4%96%E6%B6%B2%E6%85%8B%E6%B0%B4" title="地外液態水">地外液態水</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="星系適居帶" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Galactic habitable zone"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E9%81%A9%E5%B1%85%E5%B8%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="星系適居帶(页面不存在)">星系適居帶</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galactic_habitable_zone" class="extiw" title="en:Galactic habitable zone"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Galactic habitable zone</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="雙星系統適居性" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Habitability of binary star systems"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%99%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E9%81%A9%E5%B1%85%E6%80%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雙星系統適居性(页面不存在)">雙星系統適居性</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habitability_of_binary_star_systems" class="extiw" title="en:Habitability of binary star systems"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Habitability of binary star systems</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%99%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E9%81%A9%E5%B1%85%E6%80%A7" title="橙矮星系統適居性">橙矮星系統適居性</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="红矮星系统适居性" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Habitability of red dwarf systems"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%A2%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E9%80%82%E5%B1%85%E6%80%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="红矮星系统适居性(页面不存在)">红矮星系统适居性</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habitability_of_red_dwarf_systems" class="extiw" title="en:Habitability of red dwarf systems"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Habitability of red dwarf systems</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="天然卫星适居性" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Habitability of natural satellites"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E7%84%B6%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F%E9%80%82%E5%B1%85%E6%80%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="天然卫星适居性(页面不存在)">天然卫星适居性</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habitability_of_natural_satellites" class="extiw" title="en:Habitability of natural satellites"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Habitability of natural satellites</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F%E9%81%A9%E5%B1%85%E6%80%A7" title="行星適居性">行星適居性</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E9%AB%94%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="天體生物學">相关航天任务</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E7%8D%B5%E7%8A%AC2%E8%99%9F" title="小獵犬2號">小獵犬2號</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9%E5%92%8C%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E6%8E%A2%E6%B5%8B" title="生物氧化物和生命探测">生物氧化物和生命探测</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="BioSentinel" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="BioSentinel"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=BioSentinel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BioSentinel(页面不存在)">BioSentinel</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BioSentinel" class="extiw" title="en:BioSentinel"><span lang="en" dir="auto">BioSentinel</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%BD%E5%A5%87%E8%99%9F" title="好奇號">好奇號</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="达尔文计划" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Darwin (spacecraft)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="达尔文计划(页面不存在)">达尔文计划</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwin_(spacecraft)" class="extiw" title="en:Darwin (spacecraft)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Darwin (spacecraft)</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%9C%BB%E8%9C%93%E8%99%9F" title="蜻蜓號">蜻蜓號</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="土卫二探测者" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Enceladus Explorer"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C%E6%8E%A2%E6%B5%8B%E8%80%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土卫二探测者(页面不存在)">土卫二探测者</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enceladus_Explorer" class="extiw" title="en:Enceladus Explorer"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Enceladus Explorer</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E5%8F%91%E7%8E%B0%E8%80%85" title="土卫二生命发现者">土卫二生命发现者</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E7%BD%97%E5%B7%B4%E5%BF%AB%E8%88%B9" title="欧罗巴快船">木衛二飛越任務</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExoMars" title="ExoMars">火星探测计划</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E8%8E%8E%E7%90%B3%C2%B7%E5%AF%8C%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B%E6%9E%97%E8%99%9F" title="羅莎琳·富蘭克林號">羅莎琳·富蘭克林號</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ExoLance" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ExoLance"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ExoLance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ExoLance(页面不存在)">ExoLance</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ExoLance" class="extiw" title="en:ExoLance"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ExoLance</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="EXPOSE" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="EXPOSE"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=EXPOSE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EXPOSE(页面不存在)">EXPOSE</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EXPOSE" class="extiw" title="en:EXPOSE"><span lang="en" dir="auto">EXPOSE</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="光子太空船3號" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Foton-M"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%89%E5%AD%90%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E8%88%B93%E8%99%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="光子太空船3號(页面不存在)">光子太空船3號</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foton-M" class="extiw" title="en:Foton-M"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Foton-M</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B4%E5%86%B0%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD" title="破冰生命">破冰生命</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E5%85%AD%E4%B9%8B%E6%97%85" title="土卫二和土卫六之旅">土卫二和土卫六之旅</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%99%AE%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF-P" title="拉普拉斯-P">拉普拉斯-P</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="土卫二生命搜寻计划" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Life Investigation For Enceladus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%8D%AB%E4%BA%8C%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E6%90%9C%E5%AF%BB%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土卫二生命搜寻计划(页面不存在)">土卫二生命搜寻计划</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_Investigation_For_Enceladus" class="extiw" title="en:Life Investigation For Enceladus"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Life Investigation For Enceladus</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E6%98%9F%E9%97%B4%E6%AD%87%E6%B3%89%E8%B7%B3%E8%B7%83%E8%80%85" title="火星间歇泉跳跃者">火星间歇泉跳跃者</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E6%98%9F%E6%A8%A3%E6%9C%AC%E5%8F%96%E5%9B%9E%E4%BB%BB%E5%8B%99" title="火星樣本取回任務">火星樣本取回任務</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E6%98%9F2020" title="火星2020">火星2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E9%81%87%E5%8F%B7%E7%81%AB%E6%98%9F%E6%BC%AB%E6%B8%B8%E8%BD%A6" title="机遇号火星漫游车">机遇号火星漫游车</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E9%BE%8D%E8%99%9F%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E8%88%B9" title="紅龍號太空船">紅龍號太空船</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%87%E6%B0%94%E5%8F%B7%E7%81%AB%E6%98%9F%E6%8E%A2%E6%B5%8B%E5%99%A8" title="勇气号火星探测器">勇气号火星探测器</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="蒲公英计划" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tanpopo (mission)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%92%B2%E5%85%AC%E8%8B%B1%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蒲公英计划(页面不存在)">蒲公英计划</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanpopo_(mission)" class="extiw" title="en:Tanpopo (mission)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tanpopo (mission)</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%9D%A6%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E6%8E%A2%E6%B5%8B%E5%99%A8" title="泰坦海洋探测器">泰坦海洋探测器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%98%9F%E5%AE%9E%E5%9C%B0%E6%8E%A2%E6%B5%8B%E5%99%A8" title="金星实地探测器">金星实地探测器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%AC1%E8%99%9F" title="維京1號">維京1號</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%AC2%E8%99%9F" title="維京2號">維京2號</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="星际通讯" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Interstellar communication"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%9F%E9%99%85%E9%80%9A%E8%AE%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="星际通讯(页面不存在)">星际通讯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstellar_communication" class="extiw" title="en:Interstellar communication"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Interstellar communication</span></a></span>)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E5%8A%A8%E6%90%9C%E5%AF%BB%E5%9C%B0%E5%A4%96%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92" title="主动搜寻地外文明计划">主动搜寻地外文明计划</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E4%BC%A6%E6%9C%9B%E8%BF%9C%E9%95%9C%E9%98%B5" title="艾伦望远镜阵">艾伦望远镜阵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%9B%B7%E8%A5%BF%E5%8D%9A%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF" title="阿雷西博信息">阿雷西博信息</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%9B%B7%E8%A5%BF%E5%8D%9A%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%8F%B0" title="阿雷西博天文台">阿雷西博天文台</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伯克利SETI研究中心" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Berkeley SETI Research Center"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%AF%E5%85%8B%E5%88%A9SETI%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伯克利SETI研究中心(页面不存在)">伯克利SETI研究中心</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley_SETI_Research_Center" class="extiw" title="en:Berkeley SETI Research Center"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Berkeley SETI Research Center</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="布雷斯韦尔探针" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bracewell probe"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%83%E9%9B%B7%E6%96%AF%E9%9F%A6%E5%B0%94%E6%8E%A2%E9%92%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="布雷斯韦尔探针(页面不存在)">布雷斯韦尔探针</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bracewell_probe" class="extiw" title="en:Bracewell probe"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bracewell probe</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E7%A0%B4%E5%80%A1%E8%AD%B0" title="突破倡議">突破倡議</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Breakthrough Listen" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Breakthrough Listen"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Breakthrough_Listen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Breakthrough Listen(页面不存在)">突破聆听</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakthrough_Listen" class="extiw" title="en:Breakthrough Listen"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Breakthrough Listen</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="突破讯息" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Breakthrough_Initiatives#Breakthrough_Message"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AA%81%E7%A0%B4%E8%AE%AF%E6%81%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="突破讯息(页面不存在)">突破讯息</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakthrough_Initiatives#Breakthrough_Message" class="extiw" title="en:Breakthrough Initiatives"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Breakthrough_Initiatives#Breakthrough_Message</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="与外星生命的交流" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Communication with extraterrestrial intelligence"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8E%E5%A4%96%E6%98%9F%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%A4%E6%B5%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="与外星生命的交流(页面不存在)">与外星生命的交流</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication_with_extraterrestrial_intelligence" class="extiw" title="en:Communication with extraterrestrial intelligence"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Communication with extraterrestrial intelligence</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="高斯的毕达哥拉斯三角形倡议" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gauss's Pythagorean right triangle proposal"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E6%96%AF%E7%9A%84%E6%AF%95%E8%BE%BE%E5%93%A5%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%89%E8%A7%92%E5%BD%A2%E5%80%A1%E8%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="高斯的毕达哥拉斯三角形倡议(页面不存在)">高斯的毕达哥拉斯三角形倡议</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauss%27s_Pythagorean_right_triangle_proposal" class="extiw" title="en:Gauss's Pythagorean right triangle proposal"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gauss's Pythagorean right triangle proposal</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="宇宙语言">宇宙语言</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="NIROSETI" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="NIROSETI"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=NIROSETI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NIROSETI(页面不存在)">NIROSETI</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NIROSETI" class="extiw" title="en:NIROSETI"><span lang="en" dir="auto">NIROSETI</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E9%A9%85%E8%80%85%E9%8D%8D%E9%87%91%E9%8B%81%E6%9D%BF" title="先驅者鍍金鋁板">先驅者鍍金鋁板</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="独眼神计划" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Project Cyclops"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%AC%E7%9C%BC%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="独眼神计划(页面不存在)">独眼神计划</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Cyclops" class="extiw" title="en:Project Cyclops"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Project Cyclops</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E8%8C%B2%E7%91%AA%E8%A8%88%E7%95%AB" title="奧茲瑪計畫">奧茲瑪計畫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%B3%B3%E5%87%B0%E8%A8%88%E7%95%AB_(%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B)" title="鳳凰計畫 (美國)">鳳凰計畫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%90%9C%E5%AF%BB%E6%9D%A5%E8%87%AA%E8%BF%91%E5%9C%B0%E5%A4%96%E6%99%BA%E6%85%A7%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E7%BE%A4%E8%90%BD%E7%9A%84%E6%97%A0%E7%BA%BF%E7%94%B5%E6%B3%A2%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92" title="搜寻来自近地外智慧生命群落的无线电波计划">搜寻来自近地外智慧生命群落的无线电波计划</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%90%9C%E5%AF%BB%E5%9C%B0%E5%A4%96%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92" title="搜寻地外文明计划">搜寻地外文明计划</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SETI@home" title="SETI@home">SETI@home</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="setiQuest" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="setiQuest"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=SetiQuest&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SetiQuest(页面不存在)">setiQuest</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/setiQuest" class="extiw" title="en:setiQuest"><span lang="en" dir="auto">setiQuest</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%85%E8%A1%8C%E8%80%85%E9%87%91%E5%94%B1%E7%89%87" title="旅行者金唱片">旅行者金唱片</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%9D%91_(%E6%97%A0%E7%BA%BF%E7%94%B5)" title="水坑 (无线电)">水坑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%A6" title="宇宙语言学">宇宙语言学</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">假说</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="蛰伏假说" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Aestivation hypothesis"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%9B%B0%E4%BC%8F%E5%81%87%E8%AF%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蛰伏假说(页面不存在)">蛰伏假说</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aestivation_hypothesis" class="extiw" title="en:Aestivation hypothesis"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Aestivation hypothesis</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E4%BA%BA" title="古代太空人">古代太空人</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="宇宙多元论" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cosmic pluralism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E5%A4%9A%E5%85%83%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宇宙多元论(页面不存在)">宇宙多元论</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_pluralism" class="extiw" title="en:Cosmic pluralism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cosmic pluralism</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%9A%97%E6%A3%AE%E6%9E%97%E6%B3%95%E5%89%87" title="黑暗森林法則">黑暗森林法則</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="定向胚种论" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Directed panspermia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%91%E8%83%9A%E7%A7%8D%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="定向胚种论(页面不存在)">定向胚种论</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directed_panspermia" class="extiw" title="en:Directed panspermia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Directed panspermia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E9%9B%B7%E5%85%8B%E5%85%AC%E5%BC%8F" title="德雷克公式">德雷克公式</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="地外假说" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Extraterrestrial hypothesis"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E5%A4%96%E5%81%87%E8%AF%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地外假说(页面不存在)">地外假说</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extraterrestrial_hypothesis" class="extiw" title="en:Extraterrestrial hypothesis"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Extraterrestrial hypothesis</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B9%E7%B1%B3%E6%82%96%E8%AE%BA" title="费米悖论">费米悖论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%BF%87%E6%BB%A4%E5%99%A8%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="大过滤器理论">大过滤器理论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%81%87%E5%AE%9A%E5%9E%8B%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="假定型生物化学">假定型生物化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E9%99%85%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="星际污染">星际污染</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%E8%BE%BE%E8%82%96%E5%A4%AB%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B0" title="卡尔达肖夫指数">卡尔达肖夫指数</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%BA%B8%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86" title="平庸原理">平庸原理</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="新灾变论" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Neocatastrophism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E7%81%BE%E5%8F%98%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新灾变论(页面不存在)">新灾变论</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neocatastrophism" class="extiw" title="en:Neocatastrophism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Neocatastrophism</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%9A%E7%A8%AE%E8%AB%96" title="胚種論">胚種論</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="天文馆假说" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Planetarium hypothesis"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E9%A6%86%E5%81%87%E8%AF%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="天文馆假说(页面不存在)">天文馆假说</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetarium_hypothesis" class="extiw" title="en:Planetarium hypothesis"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Planetarium hypothesis</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E6%AE%8A%E7%95%B0%E5%81%87%E8%AA%AA" title="地球殊異假說">地球殊異假說</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E5%9B%AD%E5%81%87%E8%AF%B4" title="动物园假说">动物园假说</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">相关主题</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E9%AB%94%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="天體生物學">天體生物學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="宇宙生態學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Astroecology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宇宙生態學(页面不存在)">宇宙生態學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astroecology" class="extiw" title="en:Astroecology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Astroecology</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E5%8D%B0%E8%BF%B9" title="生命印迹">生命印迹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%97%9C%E6%A5%B5%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="嗜極生物">嗜極生物</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="技术征迹" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Technosignature"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E5%BE%81%E8%BF%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="技术征迹(页面不存在)">技术征迹</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technosignature" class="extiw" title="en:Technosignature"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Technosignature</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="布鲁克金报告" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Brookings Report"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%83%E9%B2%81%E5%85%8B%E9%87%91%E6%8A%A5%E5%91%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="布鲁克金报告(页面不存在)">布鲁克金报告</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brookings_Report" class="extiw" title="en:Brookings Report"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Brookings Report</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E9%A9%AC%E5%8A%9B%E8%AF%BA%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B0" title="圣马力诺指数">圣马力诺指数</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%BA%E6%85%A7%E5%9C%88" title="智慧圈">智慧圈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4" title="行星保护">行星保护</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E6%98%9F%E4%BA%BA" title="外星人">外星人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8E%E5%A4%96%E6%98%9F%E4%BA%BA%E6%8E%A5%E8%A7%A6%E5%8F%AF%E8%83%BD%E5%B8%A6%E6%9D%A5%E7%9A%84%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D" title="与外星人接触可能带来的文化影响">与外星人接触可能带来的文化影响</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="外星人神学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Exotheology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%96%E6%98%9F%E4%BA%BA%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="外星人神学(页面不存在)">外星人神学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exotheology" class="extiw" title="en:Exotheology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Exotheology</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="小说中的外星人" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Extraterrestrials in fiction"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8F%E8%AF%B4%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%96%E6%98%9F%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="小说中的外星人(页面不存在)">小说中的外星人</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extraterrestrials_in_fiction" class="extiw" title="en:Extraterrestrials in fiction"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Extraterrestrials in fiction</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="外星考古学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Xenoarchaeology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%96%E6%98%9F%E8%80%83%E5%8F%A4%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="外星考古学(页面不存在)">外星考古学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span 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</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Voyager_probes_with_the_outer_worlds.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Voyager_probes_with_the_outer_worlds.jpg/100px-Voyager_probes_with_the_outer_worlds.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Voyager_probes_with_the_outer_worlds.jpg/150px-Voyager_probes_with_the_outer_worlds.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Voyager_probes_with_the_outer_worlds.jpg/200px-Voyager_probes_with_the_outer_worlds.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1927" data-file-height="2369" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">攜帶組件</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="數百瓦特放射性同位素熱電機" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="MHW-RTG"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%B8%E7%99%BE%E7%93%A6%E7%89%B9%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0%E7%86%B1%E9%9B%BB%E6%A9%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="數百瓦特放射性同位素熱電機(页面不存在)">數百瓦特放射性同位素熱電機(MHW-RTG)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MHW-RTG" class="extiw" title="en:MHW-RTG"><span lang="en" dir="auto">MHW-RTG</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="宇宙射線子系統" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cosmic Ray Subsystem"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E5%B0%84%E7%B7%9A%E5%AD%90%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宇宙射線子系統(页面不存在)">宇宙射線子系統(CRS)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_Ray_Subsystem" class="extiw" title="en:Cosmic Ray Subsystem"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cosmic Ray Subsystem</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="電漿波子系統" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Plasma Wave Subsystem"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E6%BC%BF%E6%B3%A2%E5%AD%90%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="電漿波子系統(页面不存在)">電漿波子系統(PWS)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_Wave_Subsystem" class="extiw" title="en:Plasma Wave Subsystem"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Plasma Wave Subsystem</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%85%E8%A1%8C%E8%80%85%E9%87%91%E5%94%B1%E7%89%87" title="旅行者金唱片">旅行者金唱片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%85%E8%A1%8C%E8%80%85%E9%87%91%E5%94%B1%E7%89%87%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9" title="旅行者金唱片内容">內容</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">拍攝圖像</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9A%97%E6%B7%A1%E8%97%8D%E9%BB%9E" title="暗淡藍點">暗淡藍點</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E7%B3%BB%E5%85%A8%E5%AE%B6%E7%A6%8F" title="太陽系全家福">太陽系全家福</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">觀測目標</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%98%9F%E6%8E%A2%E6%B8%AC#航海家計畫_(1979年)" title="木星探測">木星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%98%9F%E6%8E%A2%E6%B8%AC#航海家計畫" title="土星探測">土星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%8E%8B%E6%98%9F%E6%8E%A2%E6%B8%AC#航海家2號" title="天王星探測">天王星</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相關</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B%E5%8A%A9%E6%8E%A8" title="重力助推">重力助推</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0%E7%86%B1%E9%9B%BB%E6%A9%9F" title="放射性同位素熱電機">放射性同位素熱電機</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%9D%A63%E8%99%9FE%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%89%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD" title="泰坦3號E運載火箭">泰坦3號E運載火箭</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="壯遊計畫" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Grand Tour program"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A3%AF%E9%81%8A%E8%A8%88%E7%95%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" 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