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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Finance</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">2,799,978 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Finance</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Finance">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_743984" data-work_id="743984" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/743984/2009_Islamische_Stiftungen_zwischen_juristischer_Norm_und_sozialer_Praxis_Einleitung">2009 Islamische Stiftungen zwischen juristischer Norm und sozialer Praxis: Einleitung</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/743984" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ca174a4fa4df55439a39bab4989a14e8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":4262662,"asset_id":743984,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/4262662/download_file?st=MTczMjcxODQ5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="492038" href="https://onb.academia.edu/LucianReinfandt">Lucian Reinfandt</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="492038" type="text/json">{"id":492038,"first_name":"Lucian","last_name":"Reinfandt","domain_name":"onb","page_name":"LucianReinfandt","display_name":"Lucian Reinfandt","profile_url":"https://onb.academia.edu/LucianReinfandt?f_ri=47","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/492038/168194/33595259/s65_lucian.reinfandt.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_743984 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="743984"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 743984, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_743984", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=743984]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_743984").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_743984").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="743984"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance">Finance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47" type="text/json">{"id":47,"name":"Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="534" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law">Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="534" type="text/json">{"id":534,"name":"Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="540" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law">Islamic Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="540" type="text/json">{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6739" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Islam">Medieval Islam</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6739" type="text/json">{"id":6739,"name":"Medieval Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Islam?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=743984]'), work: {"id":743984,"title":"2009 Islamische Stiftungen zwischen juristischer Norm und sozialer Praxis: Einleitung","created_at":"2011-07-14T03:53:39.722-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/743984/2009_Islamische_Stiftungen_zwischen_juristischer_Norm_und_sozialer_Praxis_Einleitung?f_ri=47","dom_id":"work_743984","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":4262662,"asset_id":743984,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":492038,"first_name":"Lucian","last_name":"Reinfandt","domain_name":"onb","page_name":"LucianReinfandt","display_name":"Lucian Reinfandt","profile_url":"https://onb.academia.edu/LucianReinfandt?f_ri=47","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/492038/168194/33595259/s65_lucian.reinfandt.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":47,"name":"Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance?f_ri=47","nofollow":false},{"id":534,"name":"Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law?f_ri=47","nofollow":false},{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=47","nofollow":false},{"id":6739,"name":"Medieval Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Islam?f_ri=47","nofollow":false},{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies?f_ri=47"},{"id":15800,"name":"Islamic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_History?f_ri=47"},{"id":23326,"name":"Administration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Administration?f_ri=47"},{"id":25118,"name":"Medieval Islamic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Islamic_History?f_ri=47"},{"id":26067,"name":"Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development?f_ri=47"},{"id":995931,"name":"Waqf Studies: Concept","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Waqf_Studies_Concept?f_ri=47"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43394586" data-work_id="43394586" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43394586/POTENTIALS_TO_DEVELOPMENT_OF_MICRO_SMALL_AND_MEDIUM_MANUFACTURING_ENTERPRISES_IN_BHANDARA_DISTRICT">POTENTIALS TO DEVELOPMENT OF MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES IN BHANDARA DISTRICT</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The study evaluates potential developments of manufacturing MSMEs in Bhandara District. The objective of the study is to study the various potentials in the district to developed manufacturing MSMEs and scope of development of MSMEs in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43394586" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The study evaluates potential developments of manufacturing MSMEs in Bhandara District. The objective of the study is to study the various potentials in the district to developed manufacturing MSMEs and scope of development of MSMEs in the resign. Furthermore, study also evaluates the basic facilities and resources available in the district to develop manufacturing MSMEs. In the present study Bhandara District of Vidarbha region of Maharashtra state, India was selected as study area. In the present research, data was collected by following survey methodology. For the present study total 175 MSMEs (25 MSMEs from each Taluka) are selected randomly for generation of data. We find that MSME sector in district play a vital role for the development of the region. Also provide the ancillary products to the large industries. In addition to this study also focused on employment generation in the district due to MSMEs, government policies are favorable for the development of MSMEs in the district is also studied. However, there is scope of expansion of micro, small and medium scale industry near future. There is strong possibility of generation of employment opportunities in micro, small and medium scale industries.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43394586" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2b205003813d3b954591139e90c466c4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63691101,"asset_id":43394586,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63691101/download_file?st=MTczMjcxODQ5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="155254488" href="https://nagpuruniversity.academia.edu/BaldeoKakde">Baldeo Kakde</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="155254488" type="text/json">{"id":155254488,"first_name":"Baldeo","last_name":"Kakde","domain_name":"nagpuruniversity","page_name":"BaldeoKakde","display_name":"Baldeo Kakde","profile_url":"https://nagpuruniversity.academia.edu/BaldeoKakde?f_ri=47","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/155254488/45357880/93454605/s65_baldeo.kakde.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43394586 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43394586"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43394586, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43394586", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43394586]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43394586").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43394586").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43394586"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance">Finance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47" type="text/json">{"id":47,"name":"Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="387364" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rural_Economy">Rural Economy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="387364" type="text/json">{"id":387364,"name":"Rural Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rural_Economy?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="428155" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MSMEs">MSMEs</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="428155" type="text/json">{"id":428155,"name":"MSMEs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MSMEs?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="584014" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Commerce_and_Management-1">Commerce and Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="584014" type="text/json">{"id":584014,"name":"Commerce and Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Commerce_and_Management-1?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43394586]'), work: {"id":43394586,"title":"POTENTIALS TO DEVELOPMENT OF MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES IN BHANDARA DISTRICT","created_at":"2020-06-20T14:00:17.714-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43394586/POTENTIALS_TO_DEVELOPMENT_OF_MICRO_SMALL_AND_MEDIUM_MANUFACTURING_ENTERPRISES_IN_BHANDARA_DISTRICT?f_ri=47","dom_id":"work_43394586","summary":"The study evaluates potential developments of manufacturing MSMEs in Bhandara District. The objective of the study is to study the various potentials in the district to developed manufacturing MSMEs and scope of development of MSMEs in the resign. Furthermore, study also evaluates the basic facilities and resources available in the district to develop manufacturing MSMEs. In the present study Bhandara District of Vidarbha region of Maharashtra state, India was selected as study area. In the present research, data was collected by following survey methodology. For the present study total 175 MSMEs (25 MSMEs from each Taluka) are selected randomly for generation of data. We find that MSME sector in district play a vital role for the development of the region. Also provide the ancillary products to the large industries. In addition to this study also focused on employment generation in the district due to MSMEs, government policies are favorable for the development of MSMEs in the district is also studied. However, there is scope of expansion of micro, small and medium scale industry near future. There is strong possibility of generation of employment opportunities in micro, small and medium scale industries.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63691101,"asset_id":43394586,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":155254488,"first_name":"Baldeo","last_name":"Kakde","domain_name":"nagpuruniversity","page_name":"BaldeoKakde","display_name":"Baldeo Kakde","profile_url":"https://nagpuruniversity.academia.edu/BaldeoKakde?f_ri=47","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/155254488/45357880/93454605/s65_baldeo.kakde.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":47,"name":"Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance?f_ri=47","nofollow":false},{"id":387364,"name":"Rural Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rural_Economy?f_ri=47","nofollow":false},{"id":428155,"name":"MSMEs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MSMEs?f_ri=47","nofollow":false},{"id":584014,"name":"Commerce and Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Commerce_and_Management-1?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36882219" data-work_id="36882219" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36882219/Effect_of_Mergers_on_Performance_of_Insurance_Companies_in_Kenya_a_Case_of_ICEA_Lion_Insurance_Company">Effect of Mergers on Performance of Insurance Companies in Kenya, a Case of ICEA Lion Insurance Company</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Mergers in Kenya are being increasingly used for improving competitiveness of companies through gaining greater market share, broadening the portfolio to reduce business risk and capitalizing on economies of scale for strategic... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36882219" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Mergers in Kenya are being increasingly used for improving competitiveness of companies through gaining greater market share, broadening the portfolio to reduce business risk and capitalizing on economies of scale for strategic positioning. Specific objectives of the study was to; examining the effect of capital base on performance of merged insurance company, the relationship between competitiveness of mergers and performance, to establish the effect of expertise on performance of merging of insurance companies and to establish effect of synergy created on performance of insurance firms. This study adopted a descriptive survey design. The target population of the study was 400 with sample of 200 that was selected randomly from five departments of ICEA LION that deem to be more linked with the immediate operations of the merged company. The sampling frame of this study was derived from the database of the insurance regulatory authority which regulates and licenses insurance firms in Kenya. Stratified sampling and simple random sampling was used. Within each study unit (department) five strata was created, while simple random sampling was used to identify respondents from the department. A Likert scale questionnaire was used to gather primary information while a secondary data collection sheet was used for collecting secondary information. Information was sorted, coded and input into the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 23.0 for production of graphs, tables, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Findings revealed that post-merger period of ICEA LION group recorded higher premiums and a larger market share leading to improved performance. The study concluded that capital base, competitionlevel, expertise acquired and synergy created are statistically significant in improving performance of ICEA LION group. The study recommends that the firm should put in place measures to improve on its focus on the customer satisfaction through marketing and coming up with customer oriented products so that they can improve their market share hence improved performance.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36882219" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cfc1a1002c6e1773494d06deba949dca" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56835956,"asset_id":36882219,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56835956/download_file?st=MTczMjcxODQ5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2594470" href="https://independent.academia.edu/iosrjournals">IOSR Journals</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2594470" type="text/json">{"id":2594470,"first_name":"IOSR","last_name":"Journals","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"iosrjournals","display_name":"IOSR Journals","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/iosrjournals?f_ri=47","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2594470/1482486/33690215/s65_iosr.journals.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36882219 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36882219"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36882219, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36882219", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36882219]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36882219").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36882219").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36882219"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance">Finance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47" type="text/json">{"id":47,"name":"Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3490" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Accounting">Accounting</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3490" type="text/json">{"id":3490,"name":"Accounting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Accounting?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36882219]'), work: {"id":36882219,"title":"Effect of Mergers on Performance of Insurance Companies in Kenya, a Case of ICEA Lion Insurance Company","created_at":"2018-06-20T20:54:48.804-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36882219/Effect_of_Mergers_on_Performance_of_Insurance_Companies_in_Kenya_a_Case_of_ICEA_Lion_Insurance_Company?f_ri=47","dom_id":"work_36882219","summary":"Mergers in Kenya are being increasingly used for improving competitiveness of companies through gaining greater market share, broadening the portfolio to reduce business risk and capitalizing on economies of scale for strategic positioning. Specific objectives of the study was to; examining the effect of capital base on performance of merged insurance company, the relationship between competitiveness of mergers and performance, to establish the effect of expertise on performance of merging of insurance companies and to establish effect of synergy created on performance of insurance firms. This study adopted a descriptive survey design. The target population of the study was 400 with sample of 200 that was selected randomly from five departments of ICEA LION that deem to be more linked with the immediate operations of the merged company. The sampling frame of this study was derived from the database of the insurance regulatory authority which regulates and licenses insurance firms in Kenya. Stratified sampling and simple random sampling was used. Within each study unit (department) five strata was created, while simple random sampling was used to identify respondents from the department. A Likert scale questionnaire was used to gather primary information while a secondary data collection sheet was used for collecting secondary information. Information was sorted, coded and input into the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 23.0 for production of graphs, tables, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Findings revealed that post-merger period of ICEA LION group recorded higher premiums and a larger market share leading to improved performance. The study concluded that capital base, competitionlevel, expertise acquired and synergy created are statistically significant in improving performance of ICEA LION group. The study recommends that the firm should put in place measures to improve on its focus on the customer satisfaction through marketing and coming up with customer oriented products so that they can improve their market share hence improved performance.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56835956,"asset_id":36882219,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2594470,"first_name":"IOSR","last_name":"Journals","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"iosrjournals","display_name":"IOSR Journals","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/iosrjournals?f_ri=47","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2594470/1482486/33690215/s65_iosr.journals.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":47,"name":"Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance?f_ri=47","nofollow":false},{"id":3490,"name":"Accounting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Accounting?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div 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Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavioral_Finance?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13805" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavioral_Economics">Behavioral Economics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13805" type="text/json">{"id":13805,"name":"Behavioral Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavioral_Economics?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="108467" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Takeovers">Takeovers</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="108467" type="text/json">{"id":108467,"name":"Takeovers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Takeovers?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=52894915]'), work: {"id":52894915,"title":"Does Investor Misvaluation Drive the Takeover 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Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavioral_Economics?f_ri=47","nofollow":false},{"id":108467,"name":"Takeovers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Takeovers?f_ri=47","nofollow":false},{"id":161176,"name":"The","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The?f_ri=47"},{"id":226331,"name":"Market efficiency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Market_efficiency?f_ri=47"},{"id":2273131,"name":"Residual income","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Residual_income?f_ri=47"},{"id":3079415,"name":"Finance and Investment Banking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance_and_Investment_Banking?f_ri=47"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7978661" data-work_id="7978661" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a 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type="text/json">{"id":3490,"name":"Accounting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Accounting?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="50097" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analysts_earnings_forecasts">Analysts’ earnings forecasts</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="50097" type="text/json">{"id":50097,"name":"Analysts’ earnings forecasts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analysts_earnings_forecasts?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="55789" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/IFRS">IFRS</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="55789" type="text/json">{"id":55789,"name":"IFRS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/IFRS?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9215651]'), work: {"id":9215651,"title":"A Meta-analysis of IFRS 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forecasts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analysts_earnings_forecasts?f_ri=47","nofollow":false},{"id":55789,"name":"IFRS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/IFRS?f_ri=47","nofollow":false},{"id":864269,"name":"Discretionary Accruals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Discretionary_Accruals?f_ri=47"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_25132603" data-work_id="25132603" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25132603/Kisan_Credit_Card_KCC_a_vehicle_for_financial_inclusion">Kisan Credit Card (KCC): a vehicle for financial inclusion</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Farmers heavily depend on non institutional sources of credit due to frequent needs, inadequate availability of institutional credit, unnecessary delays, cumbersome procedure and improper practices adopted by institutional lending... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_25132603" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Farmers heavily depend on non institutional sources of credit due to frequent needs, inadequate availability of institutional credit, unnecessary delays, cumbersome procedure and improper practices adopted by institutional lending agencies. Provision of timely and adequate credit has been one of the major challenges for banks in India in dispensation of agricultural and rural credit to the farmers. Given the enormity of the credit requirements on the one hand and the vagaries of nature on the other, financing for agriculture has always been a gigantic task for banks. The access to institutional credit for a large number of farmers, particularly small/marginal farmers, continued to be a challenge to the banking industry. Realising the importance of enhancement of flow of credit to the rural sector and reduction of the dependence of farmers on non-institutional sources of credit, the KCC(Kisan Credit Card) scheme was started by the Government of India (GOI) in consultation with the RBI (Reserve Bank of India) and NABARD (National Bank for Agricultural and Rural Development) in August 1998 as an innovative credit delivery mechanism (ICDM) with the objective of providing adequate, timely or without any delay, cost effective and hassle free credit support to farmers. The scheme was implemented across the country in all the states and union territories by the public sector commercial banks, Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) and cooperative banks. The study explores about the Kisan Credit Cards (KCC) Issued by different agencies and its achievements in financial inclusion.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25132603" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2a6e47cd2e74b2a2336c9a3699250792" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45453229,"asset_id":25132603,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45453229/download_file?st=MTczMjcxODQ5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="11175819" href="https://cess.academia.edu/MalyadriPacha">Malyadri Pacha</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="11175819" type="text/json">{"id":11175819,"first_name":"Malyadri","last_name":"Pacha","domain_name":"cess","page_name":"MalyadriPacha","display_name":"Malyadri Pacha","profile_url":"https://cess.academia.edu/MalyadriPacha?f_ri=47","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11175819/4008934/4681188/s65_malyadri.pacha.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_25132603 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="25132603"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 25132603, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_25132603", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_25132603 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 25132603; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_25132603"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_25132603 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="25132603"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 25132603; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=25132603]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_25132603").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_25132603").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="25132603"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance">Finance</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="47" type="text/json">{"id":47,"name":"Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=25132603]'), work: {"id":25132603,"title":"Kisan Credit Card (KCC): a vehicle for financial inclusion","created_at":"2016-05-08T09:40:29.190-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/25132603/Kisan_Credit_Card_KCC_a_vehicle_for_financial_inclusion?f_ri=47","dom_id":"work_25132603","summary":"Farmers heavily depend on non institutional sources of credit due to frequent needs, inadequate availability of institutional credit, unnecessary delays, cumbersome procedure and improper practices adopted by institutional lending agencies. Provision of timely and adequate credit has been one of the major challenges for banks in India in dispensation of agricultural and rural credit to the farmers. Given the enormity of the credit requirements on the one hand and the vagaries of nature on the other, financing for agriculture has always been a gigantic task for banks. The access to institutional credit for a large number of farmers, particularly small/marginal farmers, continued to be a challenge to the banking industry. Realising the importance of enhancement of flow of credit to the rural sector and reduction of the dependence of farmers on non-institutional sources of credit, the KCC(Kisan Credit Card) scheme was started by the Government of India (GOI) in consultation with the RBI (Reserve Bank of India) and NABARD (National Bank for Agricultural and Rural Development) in August 1998 as an innovative credit delivery mechanism (ICDM) with the objective of providing adequate, timely or without any delay, cost effective and hassle free credit support to farmers. The scheme was implemented across the country in all the states and union territories by the public sector commercial banks, Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) and cooperative banks. The study explores about the Kisan Credit Cards (KCC) Issued by different agencies and its achievements in financial inclusion.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45453229,"asset_id":25132603,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":11175819,"first_name":"Malyadri","last_name":"Pacha","domain_name":"cess","page_name":"MalyadriPacha","display_name":"Malyadri Pacha","profile_url":"https://cess.academia.edu/MalyadriPacha?f_ri=47","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11175819/4008934/4681188/s65_malyadri.pacha.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":47,"name":"Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10674922" data-work_id="10674922" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10674922/Extreme_Dependence_in_Asset_Markets_Around_the_Globe_THIJS_MARKWAT_Extreme_Dependence_in_Asset_Markets_Around_the_Globe_EXTREME_DEPENDENCE_IN_ASSET_MARKETS_AROUND_THE_GLOBE">Extreme Dependence in Asset Markets Around the Globe THIJS MARKWAT -Extreme Dependence in Asset Markets Around the Globe EXTREME DEPENDENCE IN ASSET MARKETS AROUND THE GLOBE</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10674922" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a 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type="text/json">{"id":747,"name":"Econometrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Econometrics?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="892" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Statistics">Statistics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="892" type="text/json">{"id":892,"name":"Statistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Statistics?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10674922]'), work: {"id":10674922,"title":"Extreme Dependence in Asset Markets Around the Globe THIJS MARKWAT -Extreme Dependence in Asset Markets Around the Globe EXTREME DEPENDENCE IN ASSET MARKETS AROUND THE GLOBE","created_at":"2015-02-10T06:53:50.581-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/10674922/Extreme_Dependence_in_Asset_Markets_Around_the_Globe_THIJS_MARKWAT_Extreme_Dependence_in_Asset_Markets_Around_the_Globe_EXTREME_DEPENDENCE_IN_ASSET_MARKETS_AROUND_THE_GLOBE?f_ri=47","dom_id":"work_10674922","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36585618,"asset_id":10674922,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":26064028,"first_name":"상근","last_name":"장","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"상근장","display_name":"상근 장","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/%EC%83%81%EA%B7%BC%EC%9E%A5?f_ri=47","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":47,"name":"Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance?f_ri=47","nofollow":false},{"id":747,"name":"Econometrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Econometrics?f_ri=47","nofollow":false},{"id":892,"name":"Statistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Statistics?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9391520" data-work_id="9391520" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9391520/International_Finance">International Finance</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Describes bond market, share market, type of bonds,type of shares and risk and benefits of bond and shares.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9391520" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="990bfd67d3b210c493212c1519c0eb68" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35640545,"asset_id":9391520,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Share_market_analysis">Share market analysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="61937" type="text/json">{"id":61937,"name":"Share market analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Share_market_analysis?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="242201" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bond_Market">Bond Market</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="242201" type="text/json">{"id":242201,"name":"Bond Market","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bond_Market?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9391520]'), work: {"id":9391520,"title":"International Finance","created_at":"2014-11-19T03:05:40.350-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/9391520/International_Finance?f_ri=47","dom_id":"work_9391520","summary":"Describes bond market, share market, type of 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This study aims at reading the Indian... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_42592090" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The financial system is the backbone of the economy, where the highly developed financial system facilitates economic development, leading to increased national income and standard of living.<br />This study aims at reading the Indian experience of reforming the financial system as one of the emerging economies that underwent a major transformation during the 1990s.  The paper concluded that India's<br />__________________________________________<br />المؤلف المرسل: بوزربخيرالدين، الإيميل: <a href="mailto:khiradine.bouzerb2013@yahoo.fr" rel="nofollow">khiradine.bouzerb2013@yahoo.fr</a><br />relative success in developing the structure of the financial system, with some deficiencies to be addressed.<br />Key Words: Financial System, Economic Development, Banks, Narasimham Commission, Indian Economy. <br />Jel Classification Codes: F36، G21،  E42</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/42592090" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="13f7a6c2d17e5b3203b4758c8d803a9a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":62791788,"asset_id":42592090,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62791788/download_file?st=MTczMjcxODQ5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="102090828" href="https://univ-jijel.academia.edu/khayreddinebouzerb">khayreddine bouzerb</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="102090828" type="text/json">{"id":102090828,"first_name":"khayreddine","last_name":"bouzerb","domain_name":"univ-jijel","page_name":"khayreddinebouzerb","display_name":"khayreddine bouzerb","profile_url":"https://univ-jijel.academia.edu/khayreddinebouzerb?f_ri=47","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/102090828/37482513/155481362/s65_khayreddine.bouzerb.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_42592090 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="42592090"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 42592090, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_42592090", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42592090]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_42592090").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_42592090").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="42592090"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance">Finance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47" type="text/json">{"id":47,"name":"Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3389" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_studies">Indian studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3389" type="text/json">{"id":3389,"name":"Indian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_studies?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5405" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emerging_Economies">Emerging Economies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5405" type="text/json">{"id":5405,"name":"Emerging Economies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emerging_Economies?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="32213" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emerging_Markets">Emerging Markets</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="32213" type="text/json">{"id":32213,"name":"Emerging Markets","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emerging_Markets?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=42592090]'), work: {"id":42592090,"title":"إصلاح النظام المالي كمدخل لتسريع التحول الاقتصادي في الاقتصاديات النامية - قراءة في التجربة الهندية (1)","created_at":"2020-04-03T03:32:08.619-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/42592090/%D8%A5%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A_%D9%83%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%AE%D9%84_%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9_1_?f_ri=47","dom_id":"work_42592090","summary":"The financial system is the backbone of the economy, where the highly developed financial system facilitates economic development, leading to increased national income and standard of living.\nThis study aims at reading the Indian experience of reforming the financial system as one of the emerging economies that underwent a major transformation during the 1990s. The paper concluded that India's\n__________________________________________\nالمؤلف المرسل: بوزربخيرالدين، الإيميل: khiradine.bouzerb2013@yahoo.fr\nrelative success in developing the structure of the financial system, with some deficiencies to be addressed.\nKey Words: Financial System, Economic Development, Banks, Narasimham Commission, Indian Economy. \nJel Classification Codes: F36، G21، E42\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":62791788,"asset_id":42592090,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":102090828,"first_name":"khayreddine","last_name":"bouzerb","domain_name":"univ-jijel","page_name":"khayreddinebouzerb","display_name":"khayreddine bouzerb","profile_url":"https://univ-jijel.academia.edu/khayreddinebouzerb?f_ri=47","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/102090828/37482513/155481362/s65_khayreddine.bouzerb.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":47,"name":"Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance?f_ri=47","nofollow":false},{"id":3389,"name":"Indian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_studies?f_ri=47","nofollow":false},{"id":5405,"name":"Emerging Economies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emerging_Economies?f_ri=47","nofollow":false},{"id":32213,"name":"Emerging Markets","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emerging_Markets?f_ri=47","nofollow":false},{"id":186228,"name":"Indian economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_economy?f_ri=47"},{"id":722655,"name":"financial reforms in India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/financial_reforms_in_India?f_ri=47"},{"id":1239972,"name":"Banking and Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Banking_and_Finance-5?f_ri=47"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36130390" data-work_id="36130390" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36130390/Decoding_Alipay_Mobile_Payments_a_Cashless_Society_and_Regulatory_Challenges">Decoding Alipay: Mobile Payments, a Cashless Society and Regulatory Challenges</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The financial industry has witnessed the so-called “fintech revolution” in recent years. Due to the emergence of information technologies such as cloud computing, big data, blockchain and artificial intelligence, the landscape of the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36130390" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The financial industry has witnessed the so-called “fintech revolution” in recent years. Due to the emergence of information technologies such as cloud computing, big data, blockchain and artificial intelligence, the landscape of the traditional financial industry has been largely transformed. The interplay between finance and technology has resulted in various new forms of financial services and products, like online P2P lending, digital-based banking, insurtech, bitcoin as well as the burgeoning mobile payment sector. Alipay, the mobile payment service arm of the Ant Financial Services Group (hereafter referred to as Ant Financial), is a perfect example to illustrate the ongoing fintech revolution and how it is disrupting the conventional retail banking model and payment industry. This article aims to introduce and analyse the world’s largest mobile payment system as well as some of the regulatory challenges it poses. It attempts to offer some guidance for legal practitioners in banking and finance, in particular, the multi-billion dollar fintech sector.<br /><br />Key points:<br />- Backed by the e-commerce giant Alibaba, Alipay has become the world’s largest mobile payment system. Together with Wechat Pay, they dominate China’s $5.7trn mobile payment sector. Alipay has a presence in over 70 countries including the UK, US, Japan, South Korea and Australia.<br />- Due to the popularisation of mobile payment facilities, many Chinese cities have become a cashless (and cardless) society, as 40% of Chinese people carry almost no cash when going out.<br />- Alipay relies on the Quick Response code (or QR code) technology, in contrast to the Near Field Communication (NFC) adopted by competitors like Apple Pay.<br />- Mobile payments and fintech have provoked debate as to legal and regulatory issues such as the regulatory approval regime, data protection, fund security and fintech financing. Most recently, China has set up a unified clearing house for all mobile payment service providers to strengthen the industry supervision.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36130390" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5a452d07774653b16da79d6f2dca2135" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56023063,"asset_id":36130390,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56023063/download_file?st=MTczMjcxODQ5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="13193627" href="https://kcl.academia.edu/LerongLu">Lerong Lu</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="13193627" type="text/json">{"id":13193627,"first_name":"Lerong","last_name":"Lu","domain_name":"kcl","page_name":"LerongLu","display_name":"Lerong Lu","profile_url":"https://kcl.academia.edu/LerongLu?f_ri=47","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/13193627/11020613/52908779/s65_lerong.lu.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36130390 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36130390"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36130390, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36130390", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_36130390 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36130390; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_36130390"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_36130390 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36130390"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36130390; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36130390]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36130390").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36130390").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36130390"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance">Finance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47" type="text/json">{"id":47,"name":"Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3490" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Accounting">Accounting</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3490" type="text/json">{"id":3490,"name":"Accounting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Accounting?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6908" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Banking">Banking</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6908" type="text/json">{"id":6908,"name":"Banking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Banking?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12108" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China">China</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12108" type="text/json">{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36130390]'), work: {"id":36130390,"title":"Decoding Alipay: Mobile Payments, a Cashless Society and Regulatory Challenges","created_at":"2018-03-11T04:42:03.215-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36130390/Decoding_Alipay_Mobile_Payments_a_Cashless_Society_and_Regulatory_Challenges?f_ri=47","dom_id":"work_36130390","summary":"The financial industry has witnessed the so-called “fintech revolution” in recent years. Due to the emergence of information technologies such as cloud computing, big data, blockchain and artificial intelligence, the landscape of the traditional financial industry has been largely transformed. The interplay between finance and technology has resulted in various new forms of financial services and products, like online P2P lending, digital-based banking, insurtech, bitcoin as well as the burgeoning mobile payment sector. Alipay, the mobile payment service arm of the Ant Financial Services Group (hereafter referred to as Ant Financial), is a perfect example to illustrate the ongoing fintech revolution and how it is disrupting the conventional retail banking model and payment industry. This article aims to introduce and analyse the world’s largest mobile payment system as well as some of the regulatory challenges it poses. It attempts to offer some guidance for legal practitioners in banking and finance, in particular, the multi-billion dollar fintech sector.\n\nKey points:\n- Backed by the e-commerce giant Alibaba, Alipay has become the world’s largest mobile payment system. Together with Wechat Pay, they dominate China’s $5.7trn mobile payment sector. Alipay has a presence in over 70 countries including the UK, US, Japan, South Korea and Australia.\n- Due to the popularisation of mobile payment facilities, many Chinese cities have become a cashless (and cardless) society, as 40% of Chinese people carry almost no cash when going out.\n- Alipay relies on the Quick Response code (or QR code) technology, in contrast to the Near Field Communication (NFC) adopted by competitors like Apple Pay.\n- Mobile payments and fintech have provoked debate as to legal and regulatory issues such as the regulatory approval regime, data protection, fund security and fintech financing. Most recently, China has set up a unified clearing house for all mobile payment service providers to strengthen the industry supervision.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56023063,"asset_id":36130390,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":13193627,"first_name":"Lerong","last_name":"Lu","domain_name":"kcl","page_name":"LerongLu","display_name":"Lerong Lu","profile_url":"https://kcl.academia.edu/LerongLu?f_ri=47","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/13193627/11020613/52908779/s65_lerong.lu.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":47,"name":"Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance?f_ri=47","nofollow":false},{"id":3490,"name":"Accounting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Accounting?f_ri=47","nofollow":false},{"id":6908,"name":"Banking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Banking?f_ri=47","nofollow":false},{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=47","nofollow":false},{"id":14863,"name":"Banking Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Banking_Law?f_ri=47"},{"id":22698,"name":"International Financial Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Financial_Law?f_ri=47"},{"id":27593,"name":"Payment Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Payment_Systems?f_ri=47"},{"id":118623,"name":"Mobile Payments","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mobile_Payments?f_ri=47"},{"id":312695,"name":"Financial Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Financial_Technology?f_ri=47"},{"id":1594197,"name":"Fintech","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fintech?f_ri=47"},{"id":1608392,"name":"Alibaba","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alibaba?f_ri=47"},{"id":2784164,"name":"alipay","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/alipay?f_ri=47"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29989458 coauthored" data-work_id="29989458" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29989458/D%C3%BCnya_Yoksulluk_ve_E%C5%9Fitsizlik_Raporu">Dünya Yoksulluk ve Eşitsizlik Raporu</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">En zengin 62 kişinin, dünyanın %50’sine tekabül eden 3,6 milyar insan ile eşit mal varlığına sahip olduğu bir dünyada yaşıyoruz. En zengin 20 ülkenin geliri, en fakir 20 ülke gelirinin tam 46 katı daha fazla. Küresel adaletsizliğin bu... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29989458" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">En zengin 62 kişinin, dünyanın<br />%50’sine tekabül eden 3,6 milyar<br />insan ile eşit mal varlığına sahip olduğu<br />bir dünyada yaşıyoruz. En zengin<br />20 ülkenin geliri, en fakir 20 ülke<br />gelirinin tam 46 katı daha fazla. Küresel<br />adaletsizliğin bu kadar rahatsız<br />edici boyutlarda olması ve servetin<br />bu kadar adaletsiz paylaşımı, yoksulluk<br />gibi ciddi sosyal problemlerin<br />ortaya çıkmasına neden olmaktadır.<br />Bu durumun daha iyi anlaşılabilmesi<br />adına bu çalışmada, eşitsizliğin<br />hangi sebeplerden kaynaklandığı, sonuçlarının<br />ne olduğu ve önümüzdeki<br />yıllarda daha vahim bir tablonun ortaya<br />çıkmaması için neler yapılması<br />gerektiği ele alınacaktır.<br />Bu bağlamda, raporun ilk kısmında<br />yoksulluk ve eşitsizlik kavramlarına<br />değinilecektir. İkinci kısmında Dünya<br />Bankası, Birleşmiş Milletler (BM)<br />gibi uluslararası resmî kurumların<br />yayınladıkları veriler incelenecektir.<br />Sonrasında yoksulluk ve eşitsizliğin<br />ortaya çıkmasının nedenleri ele alınacak<br />olup, son kısımda uluslararası<br />literatürde bu sorunların aşılması<br />için önerilen uygulamalar dikkatlere<br />sunulacaktır</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29989458" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="297a1138d04d20ee8987eab273ecb0d1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50448652,"asset_id":29989458,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50448652/download_file?st=MTczMjcxODQ5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="14714327" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HumanitarianandSocialResearchCenterINSAMER">Humanitarian and Social Research Center (INSAMER)</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="14714327" type="text/json">{"id":14714327,"first_name":"Humanitarian and Social","last_name":"Research Center (INSAMER)","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HumanitarianandSocialResearchCenterINSAMER","display_name":"Humanitarian and Social Research Center (INSAMER)","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HumanitarianandSocialResearchCenterINSAMER?f_ri=47","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14714327/4033303/14353025/s65_humanitarian_and_social.research_center_insamer_.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-29989458">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-29989458"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://ukim.academia.edu/EminEmin">Emin Emin</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-29989458'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-29989458').html(); 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En zengin\n20 ülkenin geliri, en fakir 20 ülke\ngelirinin tam 46 katı daha fazla. Küresel\nadaletsizliğin bu kadar rahatsız\nedici boyutlarda olması ve servetin\nbu kadar adaletsiz paylaşımı, yoksulluk\ngibi ciddi sosyal problemlerin\nortaya çıkmasına neden olmaktadır.\nBu durumun daha iyi anlaşılabilmesi\nadına bu çalışmada, eşitsizliğin\nhangi sebeplerden kaynaklandığı, sonuçlarının\nne olduğu ve önümüzdeki\nyıllarda daha vahim bir tablonun ortaya\nçıkmaması için neler yapılması\ngerektiği ele alınacaktır.\nBu bağlamda, raporun ilk kısmında\nyoksulluk ve eşitsizlik kavramlarına\ndeğinilecektir. İkinci kısmında Dünya\nBankası, Birleşmiş Milletler (BM)\ngibi uluslararası resmî kurumların\nyayınladıkları veriler incelenecektir.\nSonrasında yoksulluk ve eşitsizliğin\nortaya çıkmasının nedenleri ele alınacak\nolup, son kısımda uluslararası\nliteratürde bu sorunların aşılması\niçin önerilen uygulamalar dikkatlere\nsunulacaktır","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50448652,"asset_id":29989458,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":14714327,"first_name":"Humanitarian and Social","last_name":"Research Center (INSAMER)","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HumanitarianandSocialResearchCenterINSAMER","display_name":"Humanitarian and Social Research Center 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Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poverty_Studies?f_ri=47"},{"id":181131,"name":"Poverty Alleviation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poverty_Alleviation?f_ri=47"},{"id":385234,"name":"Political Economy and History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy_and_History?f_ri=47"},{"id":967211,"name":"Poverty Dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poverty_Dynamics?f_ri=47"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37604514 coauthored" data-work_id="37604514" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37604514/Multiple_borrowing_and_loan_default_Evidence_from_small_and_medium_scale_enterprises_in_Ghana">Multiple borrowing and loan default: Evidence from small and medium scale enterprises in Ghana</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Financial institutions approve and disburse loans to individuals and firms to generate profit for their sustainability. However, one major challenge financial institutions face is loan default. Multiple borrowing is widely acknowledged as... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37604514" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Financial institutions approve and disburse loans to individuals and firms to generate profit for their sustainability. However, one major challenge financial institutions face is loan default. Multiple borrowing is widely acknowledged as a major factor that contributes to loan default; but there is virtually no empirical evidence in support of this claim especially in the case of sub-Saharan African countries. This study therefore examines the impact of multiple borrowing on loan default with evidence from small and medium enterprises (SMEs). We rely on primary data and employ the binary probit regression for our analysis. The results show that SMEs that have multiple borrowing are more likely to default. The study therefore recommends loan and credit officers of financial institutions to be more diligent and circumspect in their quality control checks and credit appraisal of prospective borrowers. Again, the study suggests establishment of more Credit Reference Bureaus under the Credit Reporting Act, 2007 (Act 726) which facilitate information sharing among financial institutions about credit activities of borrowers. These are likely to reduce incidence of loan default because potential defaulters will be exposed and subsequently their loan applications declined.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37604514" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d9daec6587236a80365220f6a001c4a7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57586415,"asset_id":37604514,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57586415/download_file?st=MTczMjcxODQ5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="65369252" href="https://atmenson.academia.edu/SamuelTawiahBaidoo">Samuel Tawiah Baidoo (PhD)</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="65369252" type="text/json">{"id":65369252,"first_name":"Samuel Tawiah","last_name":"Baidoo (PhD)","domain_name":"atmenson","page_name":"SamuelTawiahBaidoo","display_name":"Samuel Tawiah Baidoo (PhD)","profile_url":"https://atmenson.academia.edu/SamuelTawiahBaidoo?f_ri=47","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/65369252/17022921/97832062/s65_samuel_tawiah.baidoo_phd_.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-37604514">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-37604514"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/AidooJacob">Jacob Aidoo</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/HadratYusif">Hadrat Yusif</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-37604514'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-37604514').html(); 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However, one major challenge financial institutions face is loan default. Multiple borrowing is widely acknowledged as a major factor that contributes to loan default; but there is virtually no empirical evidence in support of this claim especially in the case of sub-Saharan African countries. This study therefore examines the impact of multiple borrowing on loan default with evidence from small and medium enterprises (SMEs). We rely on primary data and employ the binary probit regression for our analysis. The results show that SMEs that have multiple borrowing are more likely to default. The study therefore recommends loan and credit officers of financial institutions to be more diligent and circumspect in their quality control checks and credit appraisal of prospective borrowers. Again, the study suggests establishment of more Credit Reference Bureaus under the Credit Reporting Act, 2007 (Act 726) which facilitate information sharing among financial institutions about credit activities of borrowers. These are likely to reduce incidence of loan default because potential defaulters will be exposed and subsequently their loan applications declined.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57586415,"asset_id":37604514,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":65369252,"first_name":"Samuel Tawiah","last_name":"Baidoo (PhD)","domain_name":"atmenson","page_name":"SamuelTawiahBaidoo","display_name":"Samuel Tawiah Baidoo (PhD)","profile_url":"https://atmenson.academia.edu/SamuelTawiahBaidoo?f_ri=47","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/65369252/17022921/97832062/s65_samuel_tawiah.baidoo_phd_.jpg"},{"id":80546822,"first_name":"Jacob","last_name":"Aidoo","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AidooJacob","display_name":"Jacob Aidoo","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AidooJacob?f_ri=47","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":22415715,"first_name":"Hadrat","last_name":"Yusif","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HadratYusif","display_name":"Hadrat Yusif","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HadratYusif?f_ri=47","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":47,"name":"Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance?f_ri=47","nofollow":false},{"id":23873,"name":"Small and Medium-scale Enterprises","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Small_and_Medium-scale_Enterprises?f_ri=47","nofollow":false},{"id":446579,"name":"Loan Default","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Loan_Default?f_ri=47","nofollow":false},{"id":531498,"name":"Non performing loans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Non_performing_loans?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1143754" data-work_id="1143754" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1143754/Neural_Network_Stock_Price_Prediction_AKA_Tomorrows_Stock_Prices_">Neural Network Stock Price Prediction (AKA Tomorrow's Stock Prices)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This is the RAW DATA for a neural network price prediction system to be utilized for the prediction of stock prices on US markets. To date the performances are doing well. I have experiemented with multiple architectures and now am... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1143754" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This is the RAW DATA for a neural network price prediction system to be utilized for the prediction of stock prices on US markets.  To date the performances are doing well. <br /> <br />I have experiemented with multiple architectures and now am attempting a 4 day swing trade prediction network that has its results included here. <br />so far: <br /> <br />Neural net 1= average portfolio error .4627% <br />Neural net 2= average portfolio error 1.7% <br />and <br />4 day swing trade neural net = average portfolio error of 4.84%</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1143754" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1a2f3ae61c4dc1266c699e281a72ac04" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":7017071,"asset_id":1143754,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/7017071/download_file?st=MTczMjcxODQ5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="253536" href="https://oxford.academia.edu/JustinELane">Justin E. 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To date the performances are doing well.\r\n\r\nI have experiemented with multiple architectures and now am attempting a 4 day swing trade prediction network that has its results included here.\r\nso far:\r\n\r\nNeural net 1= average portfolio error .4627%\r\nNeural net 2= average portfolio error 1.7%\r\nand\r\n4 day swing trade neural net = average portfolio error of 4.84%","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":7017071,"asset_id":1143754,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":253536,"first_name":"Justin E.","last_name":"Lane","domain_name":"oxford","page_name":"JustinELane","display_name":"Justin E. 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itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33503922/What_You_Should_Know_about_Your_Local_Governments_Finances_A_Guide_to_Financial_Statements_3rd_Edition">What You Should Know about Your Local Government's Finances A Guide to Financial Statements 3rd Edition</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">A plain-language introduction to the information that U.S. state and local governments provide in their annual audited financial reports.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33503922" data-share-source="work_strip" 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data-has-card-for-ri="3490" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Accounting">Accounting</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3490" type="text/json">{"id":3490,"name":"Accounting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Accounting?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3492" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Financial_Accounting-2">Financial Accounting</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3492" type="text/json">{"id":3492,"name":"Financial Accounting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Financial_Accounting-2?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5938" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Local_Government">Local Government</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5938" type="text/json">{"id":5938,"name":"Local Government","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Local_Government?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33503922]'), work: {"id":33503922,"title":"What You Should Know about Your Local Government's Finances A Guide to Financial Statements 3rd Edition","created_at":"2017-06-16T06:37:30.714-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33503922/What_You_Should_Know_about_Your_Local_Governments_Finances_A_Guide_to_Financial_Statements_3rd_Edition?f_ri=47","dom_id":"work_33503922","summary":"A plain-language introduction to the information that U.S. state and local governments provide in their annual audited financial reports.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53542163,"asset_id":33503922,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":36757269,"first_name":"Dean","last_name":"Mead","domain_name":"rutgers","page_name":"DeanMead","display_name":"Dean Mead","profile_url":"https://rutgers.academia.edu/DeanMead?f_ri=47","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/36757269/18884231/18839342/s65_dean.mead.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":47,"name":"Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance?f_ri=47","nofollow":false},{"id":3490,"name":"Accounting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Accounting?f_ri=47","nofollow":false},{"id":3492,"name":"Financial Accounting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Financial_Accounting-2?f_ri=47","nofollow":false},{"id":5938,"name":"Local Government","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Local_Government?f_ri=47","nofollow":false},{"id":7702,"name":"Financial 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statements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Financial_statements?f_ri=47"},{"id":978312,"name":"Counties","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Counties?f_ri=47"},{"id":1410889,"name":"Governmental Accounting Standards Board statements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Governmental_Accounting_Standards_Board_statements?f_ri=47"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27836559" data-work_id="27836559" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27836559/Basics_of_stock_Market">Basics of stock Market</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a 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data-card-contents-for-ri="47" type="text/json">{"id":47,"name":"Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3490" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Accounting">Accounting</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3490" type="text/json">{"id":3490,"name":"Accounting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Accounting?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=27836559]'), work: {"id":27836559,"title":"Basics of stock 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work_19974937" data-work_id="19974937" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19974937/Summary_of_Stock_Price_Volatility_mini_thesis">Summary of Stock Price Volatility' mini thesis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Influence Of Dividend Yield, Dividend Payout Ratio, Firm Size, Long Term Debt, Earnings Volatility, Growth Asset, Trading Volume, And Managerial Ownership To Stock Price Volatility On Basic And Chemical Industry Listed In Indonesia... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_19974937" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Influence Of Dividend Yield, Dividend Payout Ratio, Firm Size, Long Term Debt, Earnings Volatility, Growth Asset, Trading Volume, And Managerial Ownership To Stock Price Volatility On Basic And Chemical Industry Listed In Indonesia Stock Exchange During Period 2010-2013 <br />(Pengaruh Dividend Yield, Dividend Payout Ratio, Ukuran Perusahaan, Hutang Jangka Panjang, Earnings Volatility, Pertumbuhan Aktiva, Trading Volume, Dan Kepemilikan Manajerial Terhadap Volatilitas Harga Saham Pada Perusahaan Sektor Industri Dasar Dan Kimia Periode 2010-2013)</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/19974937" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="47207c602e139c2c7695fe7dd57d0e41" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40940305,"asset_id":19974937,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40940305/download_file?st=MTczMjcxODQ5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="27615856" href="https://stietrisakti.academia.edu/priskillasimatupang">Priskilla Simatupang</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="27615856" type="text/json">{"id":27615856,"first_name":"Priskilla","last_name":"Simatupang","domain_name":"stietrisakti","page_name":"priskillasimatupang","display_name":"Priskilla Simatupang","profile_url":"https://stietrisakti.academia.edu/priskillasimatupang?f_ri=47","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27615856/7856437/12401738/s65_priskilla.simatupang.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_19974937 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="19974937"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 19974937, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_19974937", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_19974937 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden 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'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19974937]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_19974937").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_19974937").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="19974937"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business">Business</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26" type="text/json">{"id":26,"name":"Business","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance">Finance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47" type="text/json">{"id":47,"name":"Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="724" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics">Economics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="724" type="text/json">{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7292" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corporate_Finance">Corporate Finance</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7292" type="text/json">{"id":7292,"name":"Corporate Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corporate_Finance?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=19974937]'), work: {"id":19974937,"title":"Summary of Stock Price Volatility' mini thesis","created_at":"2016-01-03T00:35:42.303-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/19974937/Summary_of_Stock_Price_Volatility_mini_thesis?f_ri=47","dom_id":"work_19974937","summary":"The Influence Of Dividend Yield, Dividend Payout Ratio, Firm Size, Long Term Debt, Earnings Volatility, Growth Asset, Trading Volume, And Managerial Ownership To Stock Price Volatility On Basic And Chemical Industry Listed In Indonesia Stock Exchange During Period 2010-2013 \n(Pengaruh Dividend Yield, Dividend Payout Ratio, Ukuran Perusahaan, Hutang Jangka Panjang, Earnings Volatility, Pertumbuhan Aktiva, Trading Volume, Dan Kepemilikan Manajerial Terhadap Volatilitas Harga Saham Pada Perusahaan Sektor Industri Dasar Dan Kimia Periode 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})();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_72239987" data-work_id="72239987" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/72239987/Sustainability_accounting">Sustainability accounting</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article offers a conceptual contribution to the development of sustainability accounting. Sustainability accounting is the contribution of accounting to sustainable development. Sustainability accounting has grown in importance in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_72239987" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article offers a conceptual contribution to the development of sustainability accounting. Sustainability accounting is the contribution of accounting to sustainable development. Sustainability accounting has grown in importance in many countries. The paper uses discourse analysis to analyse sustainability at the conceptual level. This paper highlights the motivation for sustainability accounting, the definition of sustainability accounting, the objectives of sustainability accounting and the tools of sustainability accounting. 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Development Mechanism (CDM)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clean_Development_Mechanism_CDM_?f_ri=47"},{"id":783846,"name":"Kyoto Protocol Post 2012","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kyoto_Protocol_Post_2012?f_ri=47"},{"id":896150,"name":"Carbon Credits","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Credits?f_ri=47"},{"id":972806,"name":"Industry (The Development of Small and Medium Scale Industries In Ethiopia) and Environment (The GHGs Mitigation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Industry_The_Development_of_Small_and_Medium_Scale_Industries_In_Ethiopia_and_Environment_The_GHG?f_ri=47"},{"id":972818,"name":"CDM) and the Labor Market","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CDM_and_the_Labor_Market?f_ri=47"},{"id":985113,"name":"Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy_Certificates_RECs_?f_ri=47"},{"id":985115,"name":"Perform Achieve \u0026 Trade (PAT)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Perform_Achieve_and_Trade_PAT_?f_ri=47"},{"id":992224,"name":"Business at the Base of the Pyramid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_at_the_Base_of_the_Pyramid?f_ri=47"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_66939099" data-work_id="66939099" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/66939099/Call_for_Journal_Articles">Call for Journal Articles</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Hungarian Historical Review invites submissions for its third issue in 2022, the theme of which will be Economy, the Connecting Force in Central and Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages The deadline for the submission of abstracts:... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_66939099" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Hungarian Historical Review invites submissions for its third issue in 2022, the theme of which will be Economy, the Connecting Force in Central and Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages The deadline for the submission of abstracts: January 31, 2022.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/66939099" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History">Economic History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="137" type="text/json">{"id":137,"name":"Economic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1446" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History">Medieval History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1446" type="text/json">{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3410" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_History">Urban History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3410" type="text/json">{"id":3410,"name":"Urban History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_History?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=66939099]'), work: {"id":66939099,"title":"Call for Journal Articles","created_at":"2022-01-03T05:34:25.370-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/66939099/Call_for_Journal_Articles?f_ri=47","dom_id":"work_66939099","summary":"The Hungarian Historical Review invites submissions for its third issue in 2022, the theme of which will be Economy, the Connecting Force in Central and Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages The deadline for the submission of abstracts: January 31, 2022.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":77945264,"asset_id":66939099,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1633672,"first_name":"Judit","last_name":"Gál","domain_name":"mta","page_name":"JuditGál","display_name":"Judit 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trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_trade?f_ri=47"},{"id":45426,"name":"Central and Eastern Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_and_Eastern_Europe?f_ri=47"},{"id":64954,"name":"Historical Network Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Network_Research?f_ri=47"},{"id":231654,"name":"Medieval Economic and Social History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Economic_and_Social_History?f_ri=47"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6676644" data-work_id="6676644" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6676644/National_culture_and_corporate_investment">National culture and corporate investment</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6676644" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="67b2f03f0e5fa0832e1c248e6aca1959" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33404964,"asset_id":6676644,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33404964/download_file?st=MTczMjcxODQ5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="10867340" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EricHumanda">Eric Humanda</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="10867340" type="text/json">{"id":10867340,"first_name":"Eric","last_name":"Humanda","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EricHumanda","display_name":"Eric Humanda","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EricHumanda?f_ri=47","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6676644 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6676644"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6676644, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6676644", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_6676644 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6676644; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_6676644"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_6676644 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="6676644"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6676644; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6676644]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_6676644").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_6676644").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6676644"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance">Finance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47" type="text/json">{"id":47,"name":"Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="747" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Econometrics">Econometrics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="747" type="text/json">{"id":747,"name":"Econometrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Econometrics?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="32201" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics_of_R_and_D_and_innovation">Economics of R&D and innovation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="32201" type="text/json">{"id":32201,"name":"Economics of R\u0026D and innovation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics_of_R_and_D_and_innovation?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="135008" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Dimensions">Cultural Dimensions</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="135008" type="text/json">{"id":135008,"name":"Cultural Dimensions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Dimensions?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6676644]'), work: {"id":6676644,"title":"National culture and corporate investment","created_at":"2014-04-06T14:40:55.118-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/6676644/National_culture_and_corporate_investment?f_ri=47","dom_id":"work_6676644","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33404964,"asset_id":6676644,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":10867340,"first_name":"Eric","last_name":"Humanda","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EricHumanda","display_name":"Eric Humanda","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EricHumanda?f_ri=47","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":47,"name":"Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance?f_ri=47","nofollow":false},{"id":747,"name":"Econometrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Econometrics?f_ri=47","nofollow":false},{"id":32201,"name":"Economics of R\u0026D and innovation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics_of_R_and_D_and_innovation?f_ri=47","nofollow":false},{"id":135008,"name":"Cultural Dimensions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Dimensions?f_ri=47","nofollow":false},{"id":314294,"name":"National Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/National_Culture?f_ri=47"},{"id":832585,"name":"Technology and Innovation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology_and_Innovation?f_ri=47"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34138881" data-work_id="34138881" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34138881/The_Impact_of_Dividend_Policy_on_Shareholders_Wealth_Evidence_from_IT_Sector_in_India">The Impact of Dividend Policy on Shareholders' Wealth: Evidence from IT Sector in India</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Dividend policy (DP) of corporate sector is widely researched topic in finance however; it remains a debatable issue to decide what factors determine the DP. The objective of this paper is to analyze the impact of dividend policy (DP) on... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34138881" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Dividend policy (DP) of corporate sector is widely researched topic in finance however; it remains a debatable issue to decide what factors determine the DP. The objective of this paper is to analyze the impact of dividend policy (DP) on shareholders' wealth (SW) of Information Technology (IT) sector in India. Out of 84 firms listed in National Stock Exchange (NSE), 32 firms were considered for analysis, (19 dividend paying firms and 13 dividend non-paying firms). Various factors affecting DP such as market value (MV),lagged market value (MVt-1), price earnings ratio (PER), lagged price earning (PERt-1) dividend per share (DPS), book value (BV) earnings per share (EPS) and retained earnings (RE) are used for analysis. Stepwise regressions to estimate the impact of RE, PER, PERt-1, DPS, and MVt-1 on MV (DP) reveals that the DP (MV) of overall IT sector is strongly influenced by RE, PER, PERt-1, EPS, MVt-1, DPS which fact shows that the DP of IT sector is significantly influenced by the selected financial variables during the period of the study. More specifically, the overall regression result proves that the DP (MV) is significantly and positively influenced by the DPS and RE.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34138881" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8f9218886d60f72428bbe8b446aec9ae" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54064520,"asset_id":34138881,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54064520/download_file?st=MTczMjcxODQ5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="62901029" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PublishingIndiaGroup">Publishing India Group</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="62901029" type="text/json">{"id":62901029,"first_name":"Publishing India","last_name":"Group","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PublishingIndiaGroup","display_name":"Publishing India Group","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PublishingIndiaGroup?f_ri=47","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/62901029/42365669/34018621/s65_publishing_india.group.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34138881 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34138881"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34138881, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34138881", }); 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it remains a debatable issue to decide what factors determine the DP. The objective of this paper is to analyze the impact of dividend policy (DP) on shareholders' wealth (SW) of Information Technology (IT) sector in India. Out of 84 firms listed in National Stock Exchange (NSE), 32 firms were considered for analysis, (19 dividend paying firms and 13 dividend non-paying firms). Various factors affecting DP such as market value (MV),lagged market value (MVt-1), price earnings ratio (PER), lagged price earning (PERt-1) dividend per share (DPS), book value (BV) earnings per share (EPS) and retained earnings (RE) are used for analysis. Stepwise regressions to estimate the impact of RE, PER, PERt-1, DPS, and MVt-1 on MV (DP) reveals that the DP (MV) of overall IT sector is strongly influenced by RE, PER, PERt-1, EPS, MVt-1, DPS which fact shows that the DP of IT sector is significantly influenced by the selected financial variables during the period of the study. More specifically, the overall regression result proves that the DP (MV) is significantly and positively influenced by the DPS and RE.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54064520,"asset_id":34138881,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":62901029,"first_name":"Publishing India","last_name":"Group","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PublishingIndiaGroup","display_name":"Publishing India Group","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PublishingIndiaGroup?f_ri=47","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/62901029/42365669/34018621/s65_publishing_india.group.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":47,"name":"Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6485436" data-work_id="6485436" itemscope="itemscope" 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data-work_id="40836673" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40836673/Advances_and_Issues_in_Fraud_Research_A_Commentary">Advances and Issues in Fraud Research: A Commentary</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">I discuss some observations in the forensic accounting-based fraud literature, and identify the recent advances and other important issues in the literature that are worth noting. The main message in this commentary article is that fraud... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40836673" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">I discuss some observations in the forensic accounting-based fraud literature, and identify the recent advances and other important issues in the literature that are worth noting. The main message in this commentary article is that fraud is complicated, and fraud complexity can significantly influence the way we undertake research in the forensic accounting and fraud literature. The practical implication is that forensic accountants, fraud examiners, and forensic accounting researchers should incorporate into their practice the complexity of fraud regardless of whether they follow an empirical, experimental, exploratory, analytical or critical approach to detect or investigate fraud.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40836673" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e9e04e80d95f5adeea42bc5956d88519" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61121934,"asset_id":40836673,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61121934/download_file?st=MTczMjcxODQ5Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="24498368" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DrPetersonOzili">Dr Peterson K Ozili</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="24498368" type="text/json">{"id":24498368,"first_name":"Dr Peterson","last_name":"Ozili","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DrPetersonOzili","display_name":"Dr Peterson K Ozili","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DrPetersonOzili?f_ri=47","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40836673 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40836673"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40836673, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40836673", }); 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js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23652213/Introduction_The_Iron_Law_of_Megaproject_Management">Introduction: The Iron Law of Megaproject Management</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Megaprojects are large, they are constantly growing ever larger, and more and more are being built in what has been called the biggest investment boom in history. This chapter serves as an introduction to megaprojects, and to The Oxford... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_23652213" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Megaprojects are large, they are constantly growing ever larger, and more and more are being built in what has been called the biggest investment boom in history. This chapter serves as an introduction to megaprojects, and to The Oxford Handbook of Megaproject Management. First, megaprojects are defined and the size of the global megaprojects business is estimated. Second, drivers of the megaproject boom are identified, including monumentalism and the technological sublime. Third, ten things you must know about megaprojects are detailed, from their tendency to suffer from uniqueness bias to their overexposure to black-swan events. Fourth, the "iron law of megaprojects" is identified as a main challenge to megaproject management: "Over budget, over time, under benefits, over and over again." Finally, the main structure of the Handbook is set out as covering the what, the why, and the how of megaproject management, in terms of the challenges, causes, and cures that students of megaprojects must decipher to better understand and better manage megaprojects.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/23652213" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="63568dcf1f1ed8eddb6a687fd3bde8c6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53341116,"asset_id":23652213,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53341116/download_file?st=MTczMjcxODQ5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="81790" href="https://oxford.academia.edu/BentFlyvbjerg">Bent Flyvbjerg</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="81790" type="text/json">{"id":81790,"first_name":"Bent","last_name":"Flyvbjerg","domain_name":"oxford","page_name":"BentFlyvbjerg","display_name":"Bent Flyvbjerg","profile_url":"https://oxford.academia.edu/BentFlyvbjerg?f_ri=47","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/81790/22737/1557553/s65_bent.flyvbjerg.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_23652213 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="23652213"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 23652213, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_23652213", }); 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})();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35961851" data-work_id="35961851" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35961851/GENUINE_BANK_GUARANTEE_BG_AND_STANDBY_LETTER_OF_CREDIT_SBLC_FOR_LEASE_AT_THE_LOWEST_RATES_AVAILABLE_OTHER_FINANCIAL_INSTRUMENTS_SUCH_AS_MTN_CD_DLC_PB_ARE_ALSO_AVAILABLE">GENUINE BANK GUARANTEE (BG) AND STANDBY LETTER OF CREDIT (SBLC) FOR LEASE AT THE LOWEST RATES AVAILABLE. OTHER FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS SUCH AS MTN, CD, DLC, PB ARE ALSO AVAILABLE.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Sir I am a financial consultant and have a very good and reputable Provider of some bank instruments we can only deliver fresh cut cash backed lease bank instrument (BG/SBLC et al.) to you in accordance to our terms and condition. Our... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35961851" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Sir<br /><br /> I am a financial consultant and have a very good and reputable Provider of some bank instruments we can only deliver fresh cut cash backed lease bank instrument (BG/SBLC et al.) to you in accordance to our terms and condition. Our bank instruments can serves as collateral as the case may be, which will enable you get loans from your bank so as to embark on any projects such as Aviation, Agriculture, Petroleum, Mining, Telecommunication, Construction of Dams, Real estate, Bridges, Trading, Importing and exporting and Other Turnkey Project (s) etc.<br /><br />Also these instruments can be put in PPP, etc. Please do let me know of your willingness to proceed and I will email you our terms and condition upon request.<br /><br />Contact :Robert Glen <br />Email: <a href="mailto:robertg.finance@gmail.com" rel="nofollow">robertg.finance@gmail.com</a><br />Skype: <a href="mailto:robertg.finance@gmail.com" rel="nofollow">robertg.finance@gmail.com</a><br />BROKERS ARE WELCOME & 100% PROTECTED!!!</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35961851" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ab9410b369ebda27ef9b5380ce7dabe3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55844799,"asset_id":35961851,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55844799/download_file?st=MTczMjcxODQ5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="76861989" href="https://oxfordbrookes.academia.edu/RobertGlen">Robert Glen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="76861989" type="text/json">{"id":76861989,"first_name":"Robert","last_name":"Glen","domain_name":"oxfordbrookes","page_name":"RobertGlen","display_name":"Robert Glen","profile_url":"https://oxfordbrookes.academia.edu/RobertGlen?f_ri=47","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/4361250fe20719afcde598bbd86ae585?s=65"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35961851 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35961851"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35961851, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35961851", }); 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OTHER FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS SUCH AS MTN, CD, DLC, PB ARE ALSO AVAILABLE.","created_at":"2018-02-19T12:17:07.518-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35961851/GENUINE_BANK_GUARANTEE_BG_AND_STANDBY_LETTER_OF_CREDIT_SBLC_FOR_LEASE_AT_THE_LOWEST_RATES_AVAILABLE_OTHER_FINANCIAL_INSTRUMENTS_SUCH_AS_MTN_CD_DLC_PB_ARE_ALSO_AVAILABLE?f_ri=47","dom_id":"work_35961851","summary":"\nSir\n\n I am a financial consultant and have a very good and reputable Provider of some bank instruments we can only deliver fresh cut cash backed lease bank instrument (BG/SBLC et al.) to you in accordance to our terms and condition. Our bank instruments can serves as collateral as the case may be, which will enable you get loans from your bank so as to embark on any projects such as Aviation, Agriculture, Petroleum, Mining, Telecommunication, Construction of Dams, Real estate, Bridges, Trading, Importing and exporting and Other Turnkey Project (s) etc.\n\nAlso these instruments can be put in PPP, etc. Please do let me know of your willingness to proceed and I will email you our terms and condition upon request.\n\nContact :Robert Glen \nEmail: robertg.finance@gmail.com\nSkype: robertg.finance@gmail.com\nBROKERS ARE WELCOME \u0026 100% PROTECTED!!!","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55844799,"asset_id":35961851,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":76861989,"first_name":"Robert","last_name":"Glen","domain_name":"oxfordbrookes","page_name":"RobertGlen","display_name":"Robert Glen","profile_url":"https://oxfordbrookes.academia.edu/RobertGlen?f_ri=47","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/4361250fe20719afcde598bbd86ae585?s=65"}],"research_interests":[{"id":37,"name":"Information Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Systems?f_ri=47","nofollow":false},{"id":47,"name":"Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance?f_ri=47","nofollow":false},{"id":534,"name":"Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law?f_ri=47","nofollow":false},{"id":548,"name":"Civil Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Law?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4941168" data-work_id="4941168" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4941168/The_Impact_of_Commercial_Banks_Credit_to_Agriculture_on_Agricultural_Development_in_Nigeria_An_Econometric_Analysis">The Impact of Commercial Banks' Credit to Agriculture on Agricultural Development in Nigeria: An Econometric Analysis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4941168" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e046dd252b14abcef054aa3ef105ea65" rel="nofollow" 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window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43482811]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43482811").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43482811").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43482811"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance">Finance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47" type="text/json">{"id":47,"name":"Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3490" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Accounting">Accounting</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3490" type="text/json">{"id":3490,"name":"Accounting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Accounting?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="404848" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/IFRS_and_FINANCIAL_REPORTING">IFRS & FINANCIAL REPORTING</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="404848" type="text/json">{"id":404848,"name":"IFRS \u0026 FINANCIAL REPORTING","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/IFRS_and_FINANCIAL_REPORTING?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43482811]'), work: {"id":43482811,"title":"Some differences between IFRS and OHADA (Organisation for the Harmonisation of Business Law in Africa","created_at":"2020-06-30T14:02:15.200-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43482811/Some_differences_between_IFRS_and_OHADA_Organisation_for_the_Harmonisation_of_Business_Law_in_Africa?f_ri=47","dom_id":"work_43482811","summary":"OHADA comprises more “rules-based” standards with specific\napplication guidance, IFRSs are considered to be more “principles-based”","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63791254,"asset_id":43482811,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5532218,"first_name":"Bime","last_name":"Fai","domain_name":"cmrims","page_name":"BimeFai","display_name":"Bime Fai","profile_url":"https://cmrims.academia.edu/BimeFai?f_ri=47","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5532218/2424739/2820328/s65_bime.fai.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":47,"name":"Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance?f_ri=47","nofollow":false},{"id":3490,"name":"Accounting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Accounting?f_ri=47","nofollow":false},{"id":404848,"name":"IFRS \u0026 FINANCIAL REPORTING","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/IFRS_and_FINANCIAL_REPORTING?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_32511956" data-work_id="32511956" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32511956/IB_Business_and_Management_Tests_and_Examinations_Formula_Sheets_for_Examinations_FORMULAE_TO_BE_USED_IN_IB_BUSINESS_AND_MANAGEMENT_EXAMINATIONS">IB Business and Management – Tests and Examinations Formula Sheets for Examinations FORMULAE TO BE USED IN IB BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT EXAMINATIONS</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The following formulae will be used in the IB Business and Management external assessment. A copy of the formulae will be provided for students in the examination. A copy should be provided for students in mock examinations and tests,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_32511956" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The following formulae will be used in the IB Business and Management external assessment. A copy of the formulae will be provided for students in the examination. A copy should be provided for students in mock examinations and tests, where applicable. FOMULAE FOR RATIO ANALYSIS PROFITABILITY RATIOS í µí°í µí°«í µí°¨í µí°¬í µí°¬ í µí°©í µí°«í µí°¨í µí°í µí°¢í µí° í µí°¦í µí°í µí°«í µí° í µí°¢í µí° § = Gross profit Sales revenue x 100 í µí°í µí°í µí° í µí°©í µí°«í µí°¨í µí°í µí°¢í µí° í µí°¦í µí°í µí°«í µí° í µí°¢í µí° § = Net profit Sales revenue x 100 LIQUIDITY RATIOS í µí°í µí°®í µí°«í µí°«í µí°í µí° §í µí° í µí°«í µí°í µí°í µí°¢í µí°¨= Current assets Current liabilities í µí°í µí°í µí°¢í µí° í µí°í µí°í µí°¬í µí° (í µí°ªí µí°®í µí°¢í µí°í µí°¤) í µí°«í µí°í µí°í µí°¢í µí°¨= Current assets − stock Current liabilities SHAREHOLDER (STOCKHOLDER) RATIOS í µí°í µí°í µí°«í µí° §í µí°¢í µí° §í µí° í µí°¬ í µí°©í µí°í µí°« í µí°¬í µí°¡í µí°í µí°«í µí° = Net profit before interest and tax Number of ordinary shares HL</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/32511956" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f4b0e8f1a4da49391b5a67738b23f7db" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52696905,"asset_id":32511956,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52696905/download_file?st=MTczMjcxODQ5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="63201235" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MargaridaPasso">Margarida Passo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="63201235" type="text/json">{"id":63201235,"first_name":"Margarida","last_name":"Passo","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MargaridaPasso","display_name":"Margarida Passo","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MargaridaPasso?f_ri=47","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_32511956 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="32511956"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32511956, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_32511956", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_32511956 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32511956; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_32511956"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_32511956 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="32511956"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32511956; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32511956]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_32511956").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_32511956").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="32511956"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="38" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Management">Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="38" type="text/json">{"id":38,"name":"Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Management?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance">Finance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47" type="text/json">{"id":47,"name":"Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="724" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics">Economics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="724" type="text/json">{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3490" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Accounting">Accounting</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3490" type="text/json">{"id":3490,"name":"Accounting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Accounting?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=32511956]'), work: {"id":32511956,"title":"IB Business and Management – Tests and Examinations Formula Sheets for Examinations FORMULAE TO BE USED IN IB BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT EXAMINATIONS","created_at":"2017-04-19T09:26:10.290-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/32511956/IB_Business_and_Management_Tests_and_Examinations_Formula_Sheets_for_Examinations_FORMULAE_TO_BE_USED_IN_IB_BUSINESS_AND_MANAGEMENT_EXAMINATIONS?f_ri=47","dom_id":"work_32511956","summary":"The following formulae will be used in the IB Business and Management external assessment. A copy of the formulae will be provided for students in the examination. A copy should be provided for students in mock examinations and tests, where applicable. FOMULAE FOR RATIO ANALYSIS PROFITABILITY RATIOS í µí°í µí°«í µí°¨í µí°¬í µí°¬ í µí°©í µí°«í µí°¨í µí°í µí°¢í µí° í µí°¦í µí°í µí°«í µí° í µí°¢í µí° § = Gross profit Sales revenue x 100 í µí°í µí°í µí° í µí°©í µí°«í µí°¨í µí°í µí°¢í µí° í µí°¦í µí°í µí°«í µí° í µí°¢í µí° § = Net profit Sales revenue x 100 LIQUIDITY RATIOS í µí°í µí°®í µí°«í µí°«í µí°í µí° §í µí° í µí°«í µí°í µí°í µí°¢í µí°¨= Current assets Current liabilities í µí°í µí°í µí°¢í µí° í µí°í µí°í µí°¬í µí° (í µí°ªí µí°®í µí°¢í µí°í µí°¤) í µí°«í µí°í µí°í µí°¢í µí°¨= Current assets − stock Current liabilities SHAREHOLDER (STOCKHOLDER) RATIOS í µí°í µí°í µí°«í µí° §í µí°¢í µí° §í µí° í µí°¬ í µí°©í µí°í µí°« í µí°¬í µí°¡í µí°í µí°«í µí° = Net profit before interest and tax Number of ordinary shares HL","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52696905,"asset_id":32511956,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":63201235,"first_name":"Margarida","last_name":"Passo","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MargaridaPasso","display_name":"Margarida Passo","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MargaridaPasso?f_ri=47","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":38,"name":"Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Management?f_ri=47","nofollow":false},{"id":47,"name":"Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance?f_ri=47","nofollow":false},{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=47","nofollow":false},{"id":3490,"name":"Accounting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Accounting?f_ri=47","nofollow":false},{"id":55840,"name":"Business Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Management?f_ri=47"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_19707977" data-work_id="19707977" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19707977/The_value_of_a_monopoly_to_a_developing_country_Studies_on_the_Telecoms_Monopoly_in_Guyana">The value of a monopoly to a developing country - Studies on the Telecoms Monopoly in Guyana</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The telecom regulator in Guyana, with the backing of the Government, introduced competition in the mobile market sector in the year 2006. However, the fixed-line market and the international telecom sector in Guyana has been dominated by... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_19707977" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The telecom regulator in Guyana, with the backing of the Government, introduced competition in the mobile market sector in the year 2006. However, the fixed-line market and the international telecom sector in Guyana has been dominated by a 40-year (monopoly) license that holds exclusivity over landline voice, data connectivity (internet) and international voice and data access. <br />The telephone company, GT&T has, over its life, made contributions to the national economy while creating the opportunity for its own expansion and growth as well as the international expansion of its parent company. <br />This quantitative correlational study analyzed the results of a web based and face-to-face survey to quantify the value of the telecoms monopoly (i.e. fixed-line market and international telecom sector) to Guyana, a developing country. <br />This research found that there is no significant relationship between telecom monopoly in the country and Guyana’s economy. The study has shown that the impact of liberalization will neither negatively impact the economic well-being of the national economy of Guyana nor that of the incumbent, GT&T. <br />This study also supported the hypothesis that there is significant impact of telecoms market liberalization on the satisfaction of the telecoms subscribers in Guyana. The study further concluded that there is significant difference in the satisfaction experienced from telecom services between the male population and the female population of Guyana. <br />This study also concludes that customers’ acceptance of and satisfaction with liberalization is directly correlated to their satisfaction with the company’s products, its customer care and quality of service – which are usually the factors that influence customers’ willingness to pay higher prices with the converse being true for lower prices.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/19707977" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2f9111e5fc5e7ed533a60f20ea127008" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40797029,"asset_id":19707977,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40797029/download_file?st=MTczMjcxODQ5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="25886723" href="https://uog-gy.academia.edu/yogmahadeo">yog mahadeo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="25886723" type="text/json">{"id":25886723,"first_name":"yog","last_name":"mahadeo","domain_name":"uog-gy","page_name":"yogmahadeo","display_name":"yog mahadeo","profile_url":"https://uog-gy.academia.edu/yogmahadeo?f_ri=47","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25886723/10926496/12193760/s65_yog.mahadeo.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_19707977 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="19707977"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 19707977, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_19707977", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_19707977 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19707977; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_19707977"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_19707977 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="19707977"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19707977; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19707977]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_19707977").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_19707977").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="19707977"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance">Finance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47" type="text/json">{"id":47,"name":"Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="724" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics">Economics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="724" type="text/json">{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1250" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History">Latin American and Caribbean History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1250" type="text/json">{"id":1250,"name":"Latin American and Caribbean History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7292" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corporate_Finance">Corporate Finance</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7292" type="text/json">{"id":7292,"name":"Corporate Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corporate_Finance?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=19707977]'), work: {"id":19707977,"title":"The value of a monopoly to a developing country - Studies on the Telecoms Monopoly in Guyana","created_at":"2015-12-17T08:07:49.944-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/19707977/The_value_of_a_monopoly_to_a_developing_country_Studies_on_the_Telecoms_Monopoly_in_Guyana?f_ri=47","dom_id":"work_19707977","summary":"The telecom regulator in Guyana, with the backing of the Government, introduced competition in the mobile market sector in the year 2006. However, the fixed-line market and the international telecom sector in Guyana has been dominated by a 40-year (monopoly) license that holds exclusivity over landline voice, data connectivity (internet) and international voice and data access. \nThe telephone company, GT\u0026T has, over its life, made contributions to the national economy while creating the opportunity for its own expansion and growth as well as the international expansion of its parent company. \nThis quantitative correlational study analyzed the results of a web based and face-to-face survey to quantify the value of the telecoms monopoly (i.e. fixed-line market and international telecom sector) to Guyana, a developing country. \nThis research found that there is no significant relationship between telecom monopoly in the country and Guyana’s economy. The study has shown that the impact of liberalization will neither negatively impact the economic well-being of the national economy of Guyana nor that of the incumbent, GT\u0026T. \nThis study also supported the hypothesis that there is significant impact of telecoms market liberalization on the satisfaction of the telecoms subscribers in Guyana. The study further concluded that there is significant difference in the satisfaction experienced from telecom services between the male population and the female population of Guyana. \nThis study also concludes that customers’ acceptance of and satisfaction with liberalization is directly correlated to their satisfaction with the company’s products, its customer care and quality of service – which are usually the factors that influence customers’ willingness to pay higher prices with the converse being true for lower prices.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40797029,"asset_id":19707977,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":25886723,"first_name":"yog","last_name":"mahadeo","domain_name":"uog-gy","page_name":"yogmahadeo","display_name":"yog mahadeo","profile_url":"https://uog-gy.academia.edu/yogmahadeo?f_ri=47","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25886723/10926496/12193760/s65_yog.mahadeo.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":47,"name":"Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance?f_ri=47","nofollow":false},{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=47","nofollow":false},{"id":1250,"name":"Latin American and Caribbean History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History?f_ri=47","nofollow":false},{"id":7292,"name":"Corporate Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corporate_Finance?f_ri=47","nofollow":false},{"id":14238,"name":"Survey Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Survey_Research?f_ri=47"},{"id":21011,"name":"Guyana","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Guyana?f_ri=47"},{"id":94381,"name":"Τelecommunications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/%CE%A4elecommunications?f_ri=47"},{"id":456569,"name":"Caricom","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Caricom?f_ri=47"},{"id":578704,"name":"Liberalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liberalization?f_ri=47"},{"id":821684,"name":"Monopoly","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monopoly?f_ri=47"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_51087624" data-work_id="51087624" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/51087624/The_Rise_and_Fall_of_WeWork">The Rise and Fall of WeWork</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This case examines the rise and fall of WeWork—a company that experienced one of the most dramatic changes of fortune in technology company history. For several years, WeWork was a Silicon Valley darling, growing at breakneck speed with... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_51087624" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This case examines the rise and fall of WeWork—a company that experienced one of the most dramatic changes of fortune in technology company history. For several years, WeWork was a Silicon Valley darling, growing at breakneck speed with visionary Adam Neumann at the helm. By some estimates, Neumann’s company was worth USD 47 billion in January of 2019. But when the company filed paperwork in preparation for going public later that year, investors balked at the details revealed in the documents: billions of dollars in losses and lots of questionable behavior on the part of Neumann (including numerous conflicts of interest involving his personal business dealings). The initial public offering was postponed and later withdrawn; Neumann was forced to step down as CEO; and by May of 2020 the company’s valuation had dropped to USD 3 billion. Exploring this recent history will provide an opportunity to ask what lessons can be drawn from the rise and fall of WeWork, and from the economic and social context that enabled its growth.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/51087624" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8e8a5b342de5fc13f0366dda2923eb44" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68971019,"asset_id":51087624,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68971019/download_file?st=MTczMjcxODQ5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="530932" href="https://pepperdine.academia.edu/gpendergraft">Garrett Pendergraft</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="530932" type="text/json">{"id":530932,"first_name":"Garrett","last_name":"Pendergraft","domain_name":"pepperdine","page_name":"gpendergraft","display_name":"Garrett Pendergraft","profile_url":"https://pepperdine.academia.edu/gpendergraft?f_ri=47","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/530932/188834/32495536/s65_garrett.pendergraft.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_51087624 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="51087624"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 51087624, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_51087624", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_51087624 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 51087624; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_51087624"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_51087624 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="51087624"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 51087624; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=51087624]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_51087624").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_51087624").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="51087624"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Entrepreneurship">Entrepreneurship</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27" type="text/json">{"id":27,"name":"Entrepreneurship","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Entrepreneurship?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="38" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Management">Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="38" type="text/json">{"id":38,"name":"Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Management?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance">Finance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47" type="text/json">{"id":47,"name":"Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="724" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics">Economics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="724" type="text/json">{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=51087624]'), work: {"id":51087624,"title":"The Rise and Fall of WeWork","created_at":"2021-08-29T20:26:11.434-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/51087624/The_Rise_and_Fall_of_WeWork?f_ri=47","dom_id":"work_51087624","summary":"This case examines the rise and fall of WeWork—a company that experienced one of the most dramatic changes of fortune in technology company history. For several years, WeWork was a Silicon Valley darling, growing at breakneck speed with visionary Adam Neumann at the helm. By some estimates, Neumann’s company was worth USD 47 billion in January of 2019. But when the company filed paperwork in preparation for going public later that year, investors balked at the details revealed in the documents: billions of dollars in losses and lots of questionable behavior on the part of Neumann (including numerous conflicts of interest involving his personal business dealings). The initial public offering was postponed and later withdrawn; Neumann was forced to step down as CEO; and by May of 2020 the company’s valuation had dropped to USD 3 billion. Exploring this recent history will provide an opportunity to ask what lessons can be drawn from the rise and fall of WeWork, and from the economic and social context that enabled its growth.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68971019,"asset_id":51087624,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":530932,"first_name":"Garrett","last_name":"Pendergraft","domain_name":"pepperdine","page_name":"gpendergraft","display_name":"Garrett Pendergraft","profile_url":"https://pepperdine.academia.edu/gpendergraft?f_ri=47","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/530932/188834/32495536/s65_garrett.pendergraft.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":27,"name":"Entrepreneurship","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Entrepreneurship?f_ri=47","nofollow":false},{"id":38,"name":"Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Management?f_ri=47","nofollow":false},{"id":47,"name":"Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance?f_ri=47","nofollow":false},{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=47","nofollow":false},{"id":743,"name":"Real Estate Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Real_Estate_Economics?f_ri=47"},{"id":2074,"name":"International Business","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Business?f_ri=47"},{"id":2919,"name":"Organizational Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organizational_Culture?f_ri=47"},{"id":6630,"name":"Business Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Economics?f_ri=47"},{"id":7292,"name":"Corporate Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corporate_Finance?f_ri=47"},{"id":15843,"name":"Venture Capital","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Venture_Capital?f_ri=47"},{"id":46271,"name":"Strategy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategy?f_ri=47"},{"id":74881,"name":"Startups","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Startups?f_ri=47"},{"id":102503,"name":"Business Strategy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Strategy?f_ri=47"},{"id":147142,"name":"Business \u0026 Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Ethics?f_ri=47"},{"id":542412,"name":"Commercial Real Estate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Commercial_Real_Estate?f_ri=47"},{"id":650129,"name":"Sharing Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sharing_Economy?f_ri=47"},{"id":725237,"name":"Marketing and Strategy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing_and_Strategy?f_ri=47"},{"id":881069,"name":"Business \u0026 Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Finance-1?f_ri=47"},{"id":1239972,"name":"Banking and Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Banking_and_Finance-5?f_ri=47"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_32559733" data-work_id="32559733" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32559733/Corporate_Fraud_Prevention_and_Detection_Revisiting_the_Literature_pdf">Corporate Fraud Prevention and Detection: Revisiting the Literature.pdf</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Fraud has become a worldwide phenomenon and prime issue of concern. It dwells in all countries and affects all types of organizations irrespective of their size, profitability or industry. The primary objective of this paper is to provide... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_32559733" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Fraud has become a worldwide phenomenon and prime issue of concern. It dwells in all countries and affects all types of organizations irrespective of their size, profitability or industry. The primary objective of this paper is to provide an in-depth understanding of literature related to corporate fraud in order to understand why fraud occurs and how to combat it. Research studies published during the period commencing from the year 1984 to 2014 have been reviewed. The study aims to provide an in-depth discussion on significant red flags that may exist before fraud occurrence. It, also, provides a comprehensive view about fraud detection and prevention methods. Findings reveal that red flag is an important mechanism to prevent fraud. Application of single fraud detection technique will not curb the fraud effectively. Also, the top executives were found to be responsible for implementing anti-fraud policies and techniques within business organization. Further, the present study tries to discern the research gap in existing literature and explore the area of future research.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/32559733" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2b5f50130c0a64c57f422d5e517667f4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52739389,"asset_id":32559733,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52739389/download_file?st=MTczMjcxODQ5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="62901029" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PublishingIndiaGroup">Publishing India Group</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="62901029" type="text/json">{"id":62901029,"first_name":"Publishing India","last_name":"Group","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PublishingIndiaGroup","display_name":"Publishing India Group","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PublishingIndiaGroup?f_ri=47","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/62901029/42365669/34018621/s65_publishing_india.group.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_32559733 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="32559733"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32559733, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_32559733", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_32559733 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32559733; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_32559733"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_32559733 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="32559733"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32559733; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32559733]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_32559733").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_32559733").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="32559733"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance">Finance</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="47" type="text/json">{"id":47,"name":"Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=32559733]'), work: {"id":32559733,"title":"Corporate Fraud Prevention and Detection: Revisiting the Literature.pdf","created_at":"2017-04-21T04:47:02.202-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/32559733/Corporate_Fraud_Prevention_and_Detection_Revisiting_the_Literature_pdf?f_ri=47","dom_id":"work_32559733","summary":"Fraud has become a worldwide phenomenon and prime issue of concern. It dwells in all countries and affects all types of organizations irrespective of their size, profitability or industry. The primary objective of this paper is to provide an in-depth understanding of literature related to corporate fraud in order to understand why fraud occurs and how to combat it. Research studies published during the period commencing from the year 1984 to 2014 have been reviewed. The study aims to provide an in-depth discussion on significant red flags that may exist before fraud occurrence. It, also, provides a comprehensive view about fraud detection and prevention methods. Findings reveal that red flag is an important mechanism to prevent fraud. Application of single fraud detection technique will not curb the fraud effectively. Also, the top executives were found to be responsible for implementing anti-fraud policies and techniques within business organization. Further, the present study tries to discern the research gap in existing literature and explore the area of future research. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52739389,"asset_id":32559733,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":62901029,"first_name":"Publishing India","last_name":"Group","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PublishingIndiaGroup","display_name":"Publishing India Group","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PublishingIndiaGroup?f_ri=47","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/62901029/42365669/34018621/s65_publishing_india.group.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":47,"name":"Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_46145241" data-work_id="46145241" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/46145241/Stock_Price_of_Pandemic_Covid_19_in_Stock_Market_Performance">Stock Price of Pandemic Covid-19 in Stock Market Performance</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This study provides an overview of the situation and condition of the share price of publicly listed companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) and the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic experienced by the investor community on the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_46145241" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This study provides an overview of the situation and condition of the share price of publicly listed companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) and the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic experienced by the investor community on the performance of the Indonesia capital market. The data collection of this research was carried out by survey techniques by giving online questionnaires to the respondents. This study uses semantic scale analysis to measure respondents' views about the share price of their portfolio, the impact of the pandemic, and the performance of the Indonesian capital market. We performed validity, reliability, and hypothesis tests in forming a well-fitted model. The results of this study indicate that all the variables studied are valid and reliable, the hypothesis of the proposed statement is accepted that meets the significance level of the F-test and t-test, meaning that the strength of the issuer's stock price and the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic. This is able to explain and influence the performance variables of the Indonesian capital market by 74.7% out of 100 respondents in 2020.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/46145241" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8ff7f990d19bca574471a3f7672ea13a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66216357,"asset_id":46145241,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66216357/download_file?st=MTczMjcxODQ5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="13473331" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KevinNelson2">Horizon Research Publishing(HRPUB) Kevin Nelson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="13473331" type="text/json">{"id":13473331,"first_name":"Horizon Research Publishing(HRPUB)","last_name":"Kevin Nelson","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KevinNelson2","display_name":"Horizon Research Publishing(HRPUB) Kevin Nelson","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KevinNelson2?f_ri=47","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/13473331/45851996/39214071/s65_horizon_research_publishing_hrpub_.kevin_nelson.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_46145241 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="46145241"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 46145241, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_46145241", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=46145241]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_46145241").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_46145241").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="46145241"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance">Finance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47" type="text/json">{"id":47,"name":"Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3490" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Accounting">Accounting</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3490" type="text/json">{"id":3490,"name":"Accounting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Accounting?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="95986" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Share_price">Share price</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="95986" type="text/json">{"id":95986,"name":"Share price","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Share_price?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="698053" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stock_Market_Performance">Stock Market Performance</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="698053" type="text/json">{"id":698053,"name":"Stock Market Performance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stock_Market_Performance?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=46145241]'), work: {"id":46145241,"title":"Stock Price of Pandemic Covid-19 in Stock Market Performance","created_at":"2021-04-08T23:49:13.116-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/46145241/Stock_Price_of_Pandemic_Covid_19_in_Stock_Market_Performance?f_ri=47","dom_id":"work_46145241","summary":"This study provides an overview of the situation and condition of the share price of publicly listed companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) and the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic experienced by the investor community on the performance of the Indonesia capital market. The data collection of this research was carried out by survey techniques by giving online questionnaires to the respondents. This study uses semantic scale analysis to measure respondents' views about the share price of their portfolio, the impact of the pandemic, and the performance of the Indonesian capital market. We performed validity, reliability, and hypothesis tests in forming a well-fitted model. The results of this study indicate that all the variables studied are valid and reliable, the hypothesis of the proposed statement is accepted that meets the significance level of the F-test and t-test, meaning that the strength of the issuer's stock price and the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic. This is able to explain and influence the performance variables of the Indonesian capital market by 74.7% out of 100 respondents in 2020.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66216357,"asset_id":46145241,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":13473331,"first_name":"Horizon Research Publishing(HRPUB)","last_name":"Kevin Nelson","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KevinNelson2","display_name":"Horizon Research Publishing(HRPUB) Kevin Nelson","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KevinNelson2?f_ri=47","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/13473331/45851996/39214071/s65_horizon_research_publishing_hrpub_.kevin_nelson.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":47,"name":"Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance?f_ri=47","nofollow":false},{"id":3490,"name":"Accounting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Accounting?f_ri=47","nofollow":false},{"id":95986,"name":"Share price","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Share_price?f_ri=47","nofollow":false},{"id":698053,"name":"Stock Market Performance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stock_Market_Performance?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9571162" data-work_id="9571162" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9571162/How_to_read_a_Financial_Report">How to read a Financial Report</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9571162" 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class="js-paper-rank-work_9409125 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9409125"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9409125, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9409125", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_9409125 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9409125; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_9409125"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); 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u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance">Finance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47" type="text/json">{"id":47,"name":"Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3490" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Accounting">Accounting</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3490" type="text/json">{"id":3490,"name":"Accounting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Accounting?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9409125]'), work: {"id":9409125,"title":"Accounting and Finance Not-for-Profit Organisations (Club Accounts) Advanced Higher 8178","created_at":"2014-11-20T01:02:10.823-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/9409125/Accounting_and_Finance_Not_for_Profit_Organisations_Club_Accounts_Advanced_Higher_8178?f_ri=47","dom_id":"work_9409125","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35655000,"asset_id":9409125,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":21866310,"first_name":"kingsley","last_name":"chuks","domain_name":"chicago","page_name":"kingsleychuks","display_name":"kingsley chuks","profile_url":"https://chicago.academia.edu/kingsleychuks?f_ri=47","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/21866310/5999428/6807697/s65_kingsley.chuks.jpg_oh_0f5a4f623cf16e12f5421207da74ad3d_oe_551f1642___gda___1423696650_ebe3e29793f6c1847da03bc26e4ed924"}],"research_interests":[{"id":47,"name":"Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance?f_ri=47","nofollow":false},{"id":3490,"name":"Accounting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Accounting?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28101012" data-work_id="28101012" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28101012/THE_ROLE_AND_DUTIES_OF_DIRECTORS_IN_THE_PROMOTION_OF_CORPORATE_GOVERNANCE_A_SOUTH_AFRICAN_PERSPECTIVE">THE ROLE AND DUTIES OF DIRECTORS IN THE PROMOTION OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE: A SOUTH AFRICAN PERSPECTIVE</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">SUMMARY Owing to global changes in the field of corporate governance and corporate law reform in South Africa, corporate governance has become an important aspect of the way in which corporations are doing business. Corporate governance... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_28101012" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">SUMMARY Owing to global changes in the field of corporate governance and corporate law reform in South Africa, corporate governance has become an important aspect of the way in which corporations are doing business. Corporate governance is the collection of law and practices that is grounded in the fiduciary duties of directors. It regulates the conduct of those in control of the corporation. An important aspect of corporate governance is the establishment of structures and processes that enable directors to discharge their legal responsibilities. This article investigates corporate governance principles in South Africa and explores the importance of the role and duties of directors in the promotion of corporate governance principles.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28101012" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="196225d135b1bfc2d48ae25f06e7a4e2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48415782,"asset_id":28101012,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48415782/download_file?st=MTczMjcxODQ5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="12468516" href="https://johannesburg.academia.edu/MonrayBotha">Monray M Botha</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="12468516" type="text/json">{"id":12468516,"first_name":"Monray","last_name":"Botha","domain_name":"johannesburg","page_name":"MonrayBotha","display_name":"Monray M Botha","profile_url":"https://johannesburg.academia.edu/MonrayBotha?f_ri=47","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12468516/3565746/29556941/s65_monray.botha.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28101012 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28101012"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28101012, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28101012", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28101012]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_28101012").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_28101012").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="28101012"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="46" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Ethics">Business Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="46" type="text/json">{"id":46,"name":"Business Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Ethics?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance">Finance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47" type="text/json">{"id":47,"name":"Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1452" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corporate_Social_Responsibility">Corporate Social Responsibility</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1452" type="text/json">{"id":1452,"name":"Corporate Social Responsibility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corporate_Social_Responsibility?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=28101012]'), work: {"id":28101012,"title":"THE ROLE AND DUTIES OF DIRECTORS IN THE PROMOTION OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE: A SOUTH AFRICAN PERSPECTIVE","created_at":"2016-08-29T11:34:02.047-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/28101012/THE_ROLE_AND_DUTIES_OF_DIRECTORS_IN_THE_PROMOTION_OF_CORPORATE_GOVERNANCE_A_SOUTH_AFRICAN_PERSPECTIVE?f_ri=47","dom_id":"work_28101012","summary":"SUMMARY Owing to global changes in the field of corporate governance and corporate law reform in South Africa, corporate governance has become an important aspect of the way in which corporations are doing business. 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The report will assess the management strategies of the Kerry Group and how the external economic conditions impact the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_39049240" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This report highlights key aspects of the Kerry Group from both a financial and strategic management point of view. The report will assess the management strategies of the Kerry Group and how the external economic conditions impact the company. A PEST analysis will be used to access the external economic conditions. The report will further assess the SWOT analysis of the Kerry Group to ascertain the management strategies for proper management of operating investment and financing decisions. This will aid in determining the impact on both cash flows and cost of capital of the Kerry Group.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39049240" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="92868dfc05b0847eebe10de4c560f617" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":59163215,"asset_id":39049240,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59163215/download_file?st=MTczMjcxODQ5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="71458157" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KMukuka">Kennedy Mukuka</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="71458157" type="text/json">{"id":71458157,"first_name":"Kennedy","last_name":"Mukuka","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KMukuka","display_name":"Kennedy Mukuka","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KMukuka?f_ri=47","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/71458157/25448630/24182311/s65_kennedy.mukuka.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_39049240 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="39049240"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39049240, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_39049240", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39049240]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_39049240").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_39049240").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="39049240"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business">Business</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26" type="text/json">{"id":26,"name":"Business","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="38" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Management">Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="38" type="text/json">{"id":38,"name":"Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Management?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance">Finance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47" type="text/json">{"id":47,"name":"Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5009" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategic_Management">Strategic Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5009" type="text/json">{"id":5009,"name":"Strategic Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategic_Management?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=39049240]'), work: {"id":39049240,"title":"Week 7 - Assgnment 2 Report on the Kerry Group","created_at":"2019-05-07T14:47:52.494-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/39049240/Week_7_Assgnment_2_Report_on_the_Kerry_Group?f_ri=47","dom_id":"work_39049240","summary":"This report highlights key aspects of the Kerry Group from both a financial and strategic management point of view. The report will assess the management strategies of the Kerry Group and how the external economic conditions impact the company. A PEST analysis will be used to access the external economic conditions. The report will further assess the SWOT analysis of the Kerry Group to ascertain the management strategies for proper management of operating investment and financing decisions. This will aid in determining the impact on both cash flows and cost of capital of the Kerry Group.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":59163215,"asset_id":39049240,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":71458157,"first_name":"Kennedy","last_name":"Mukuka","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KMukuka","display_name":"Kennedy Mukuka","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KMukuka?f_ri=47","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/71458157/25448630/24182311/s65_kennedy.mukuka.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":26,"name":"Business","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business?f_ri=47","nofollow":false},{"id":38,"name":"Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Management?f_ri=47","nofollow":false},{"id":47,"name":"Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance?f_ri=47","nofollow":false},{"id":5009,"name":"Strategic Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategic_Management?f_ri=47","nofollow":false},{"id":7702,"name":"Financial management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Financial_management?f_ri=47"},{"id":55840,"name":"Business Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Management?f_ri=47"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_41221516" data-work_id="41221516" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41221516/Walt_Disney_Company_y_Pixar_Inc_Adquirir_o_no_adquirir">Walt Disney Company y Pixar Inc.: ¿Adquirir o no adquirir?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">El caso de LACC número 712-S11 es la versión en español del caso de HBS número 709-462. En noviembre de 2005, Robert Iger, el recién nombrado consejero delegado de Walt Disney Company, esperaba ansiosamente los resultados de la... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_41221516" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">El caso de LACC número 712-S11 es la versión en español del caso de HBS número 709-462.<br /><br />En noviembre de 2005, Robert Iger, el recién nombrado consejero delegado de Walt Disney Company, esperaba ansiosamente los resultados de la recaudación de Chicken Little, el segundo largometraje de dibujos animados generado por ordenador (CG) de la compañía. Sabía que, para que para que Disney como un todo tuviera éxito como empresa, debía enderezar el negocio de la animación, especialmente perfeccionando la nueva tecnología CG, que estaba sustituyendo muy rápidamente la animación dibujada a mano. Sin embargo, la compañía había dependido de un contrato con los estudios de animación Pixar, que había producido éxitos como Toy Story y Buscando a Nemo, para la mayoría de sus ingresos recientes por películas de animación. Y el acuerdo de coproducción, negociado durante el mandato de su predecesor Michael Eisner, expirabaen 2006, después del estreno de Cars, la quinta película del acuerdo para cinco películas. Desgraciadamente, las negociaciones para la renovación del contrato entre Steve Jobs, consejero delegado de Pixar, y Eisner habían fracasado en 2004 debido a conflictos de carácter personal. Cuando asumió su nuevo rol, Iger reabrió las líneas de comunicación entre ambas empresas. De hecho, acababa de llegar a un acuerdo con Jobs para vender algunos espectáculos televisivos propiedad de Disney y producidos por los estudios ABC-como Mujeres desesperadas-a través del iTunes Music Store de Apple. Iger sabía que podía llegar a un acuerdo con Pixar; la cuestión estribaba en qué términos debía hacerlo. ¿Tenía sentido para Disney sencillamente comprar Pixar?</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41221516" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cda287c76d9bf49ece3767d051fc5409" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61455833,"asset_id":41221516,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61455833/download_file?st=MTczMjcxODQ5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="63709876" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KarillAcevedo">Karill Acevedo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="63709876" type="text/json">{"id":63709876,"first_name":"Karill","last_name":"Acevedo","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KarillAcevedo","display_name":"Karill Acevedo","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KarillAcevedo?f_ri=47","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/63709876/28294466/35702284/s65_karill.acevedo.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41221516 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41221516"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41221516, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41221516", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41221516]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_41221516").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_41221516").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="41221516"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="38" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Management">Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="38" type="text/json">{"id":38,"name":"Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Management?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance">Finance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47" type="text/json">{"id":47,"name":"Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2252" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mergers_and_Acquisitions">Mergers & Acquisitions</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2252" type="text/json">{"id":2252,"name":"Mergers \u0026 Acquisitions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mergers_and_Acquisitions?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7292" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corporate_Finance">Corporate Finance</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7292" type="text/json">{"id":7292,"name":"Corporate Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corporate_Finance?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=41221516]'), work: {"id":41221516,"title":"Walt Disney Company y Pixar Inc.: ¿Adquirir o no adquirir?","created_at":"2019-12-08T08:16:51.708-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/41221516/Walt_Disney_Company_y_Pixar_Inc_Adquirir_o_no_adquirir?f_ri=47","dom_id":"work_41221516","summary":"El caso de LACC número 712-S11 es la versión en español del caso de HBS número 709-462.\n\nEn noviembre de 2005, Robert Iger, el recién nombrado consejero delegado de Walt Disney Company, esperaba ansiosamente los resultados de la recaudación de Chicken Little, el segundo largometraje de dibujos animados generado por ordenador (CG) de la compañía. Sabía que, para que para que Disney como un todo tuviera éxito como empresa, debía enderezar el negocio de la animación, especialmente perfeccionando la nueva tecnología CG, que estaba sustituyendo muy rápidamente la animación dibujada a mano. Sin embargo, la compañía había dependido de un contrato con los estudios de animación Pixar, que había producido éxitos como Toy Story y Buscando a Nemo, para la mayoría de sus ingresos recientes por películas de animación. Y el acuerdo de coproducción, negociado durante el mandato de su predecesor Michael Eisner, expirabaen 2006, después del estreno de Cars, la quinta película del acuerdo para cinco películas. Desgraciadamente, las negociaciones para la renovación del contrato entre Steve Jobs, consejero delegado de Pixar, y Eisner habían fracasado en 2004 debido a conflictos de carácter personal. Cuando asumió su nuevo rol, Iger reabrió las líneas de comunicación entre ambas empresas. De hecho, acababa de llegar a un acuerdo con Jobs para vender algunos espectáculos televisivos propiedad de Disney y producidos por los estudios ABC-como Mujeres desesperadas-a través del iTunes Music Store de Apple. Iger sabía que podía llegar a un acuerdo con Pixar; la cuestión estribaba en qué términos debía hacerlo. ¿Tenía sentido para Disney sencillamente comprar Pixar?","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61455833,"asset_id":41221516,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":63709876,"first_name":"Karill","last_name":"Acevedo","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KarillAcevedo","display_name":"Karill Acevedo","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KarillAcevedo?f_ri=47","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/63709876/28294466/35702284/s65_karill.acevedo.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":38,"name":"Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Management?f_ri=47","nofollow":false},{"id":47,"name":"Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance?f_ri=47","nofollow":false},{"id":2252,"name":"Mergers \u0026 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9370794]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_9370794").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_9370794").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="9370794"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance">Finance</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="47" type="text/json">{"id":47,"name":"Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9370794]'), work: {"id":9370794,"title":"Assessment of Sainsbury's","created_at":"2014-11-18T02:25:35.741-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/9370794/Assessment_of_Sainsburys?f_ri=47","dom_id":"work_9370794","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35622783,"asset_id":9370794,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":21718208,"first_name":"Alexandru","last_name":"Cristina","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AlexandruCristina2","display_name":"Alexandru Cristina","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AlexandruCristina2?f_ri=47","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/21718208/6310462/7142886/s65_alexandru.cristina.jpg_oh_9ebe5dd8dc9a0e13917d9b9dae39f522_oe_55143b96___gda___1427469099_eaecda5286c18021482188970703489a"}],"research_interests":[{"id":47,"name":"Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance?f_ri=47","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="u-taCenter Pagination"><ul class="pagination"><li class="next_page"><a 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