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<ul id="toc-Signs_and_symptoms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pulmonary_arteriovenous_malformations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pulmonary_arteriovenous_malformations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pulmonary_arteriovenous_malformations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genetics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genetics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Genetics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genetics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pathophysiology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pathophysiology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Pathophysiology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pathophysiology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diagnosis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diagnosis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Diagnosis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diagnosis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Treatment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Treatment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Treatment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Treatment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Epidemiology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Epidemiology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Epidemiology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Epidemiology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Society_and_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Society_and_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Society and culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Society_and_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Society and culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Society_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notable_cases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_cases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Notable cases</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_cases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_depictions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_depictions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Cultural depictions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_depictions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" 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Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%87_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="تشوه شرياني وريدي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تشوه شرياني وريدي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malformaci%C3%B3_arteriovenosa" title="Malformació arteriovenosa – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Malformació arteriovenosa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arterioven%C3%B3zn%C3%AD_malformace" title="Arteriovenózní malformace – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Arteriovenózní malformace" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arterioven%C3%B8s_Malformation" title="Arteriovenøs Malformation – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Arteriovenøs Malformation" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arterioven%C3%B6se_Malformation" title="Arteriovenöse Malformation – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Arteriovenöse Malformation" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%86%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%B2%CF%8E%CE%B4%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%B4%CF%85%CF%83%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Αρτηριοφλεβώδης δυσπλασία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αρτηριοφλεβώδης δυσπλασία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malformaci%C3%B3n_arteriovenosa" title="Malformación arteriovenosa – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Malformación arteriovenosa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malformation_art%C3%A9rioveineuse" title="Malformation artérioveineuse – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Malformation artérioveineuse" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malformasi_arteri-vena" title="Malformasi arteri-vena – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Malformasi arteri-vena" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malformazione_artero-venosa" title="Malformazione artero-venosa – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Malformazione artero-venosa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arterioveneuze_malformatie" title="Arterioveneuze malformatie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Arterioveneuze malformatie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B6%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A7%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%80_%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%82%E0%AC%AF%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%97" title="ଶିରାଧମନୀ କୁସଂଯୋଗ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଶିରାଧମନୀ କୁସଂଯୋଗ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arteriovenoz_malformatsiya_(AVM)" title="Arteriovenoz malformatsiya (AVM) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Arteriovenoz malformatsiya (AVM)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malformacja_t%C4%99tniczo-%C5%BCylna" title="Malformacja tętniczo-żylna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Malformacja tętniczo-żylna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malforma%C3%A7%C3%A3o_arteriovenosa" title="Malformação arteriovenosa – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Malformação arteriovenosa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Артериовенозная мальформация – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Артериовенозная мальформация" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arteriovenous_malformation" title="Arteriovenous malformation – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Arteriovenous malformation" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="தமனி குறைபாடு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தமனி குறைபாடு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B3" title="รูปผิดปกติของหลอดเลือดแดงและดำ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รูปผิดปกติของหลอดเลือดแดงและดำ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arterioven%C3%B6z_malformasyon" title="Arteriovenöz malformasyon – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Arteriovenöz malformasyon" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a 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For its occurrence in the brain, see <a href="/wiki/Cerebral_arteriovenous_malformation" title="Cerebral arteriovenous malformation">Cerebral arteriovenous malformation</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Medical condition</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox ib-medical-condition"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#ccc">Arteriovenous malformation</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data">AVM</td></tr><tr style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Arteriovenous_malformation_-_brain_-_low_mag.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Arteriovenous_malformation_-_brain_-_low_mag.jpg/220px-Arteriovenous_malformation_-_brain_-_low_mag.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Arteriovenous_malformation_-_brain_-_low_mag.jpg/330px-Arteriovenous_malformation_-_brain_-_low_mag.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Arteriovenous_malformation_-_brain_-_low_mag.jpg/440px-Arteriovenous_malformation_-_brain_-_low_mag.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Micrograph" title="Micrograph">Micrograph</a> of an arteriovenous malformation in the brain. <a href="/wiki/HPS_stain" title="HPS stain">HPS stain</a>.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Medical_specialty" title="Medical specialty">Specialty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Neurosurgery" title="Neurosurgery">Neurosurgery</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Medical_diagnosis" title="Medical diagnosis">Diagnostic method</a></th><td class="infobox-data">CT, MRI, MRA</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>An <b>arteriovenous malformation</b> (<b>AVM</b>) is an abnormal connection between <a href="/wiki/Arteries" class="mw-redirect" title="Arteries">arteries</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vein" title="Vein">veins</a>, bypassing the <a href="/wiki/Capillary" title="Capillary">capillary</a> system. Usually <a href="/wiki/Congenital" class="mw-redirect" title="Congenital">congenital</a>, this <a href="/wiki/Vascular_anomaly" title="Vascular anomaly">vascular anomaly</a> is widely known because of its occurrence in the <a href="/wiki/Central_nervous_system" title="Central nervous system">central nervous system</a> (usually as a <a href="/wiki/Cerebral_AVM" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerebral AVM">cerebral AVM</a>), but can appear anywhere in the body. The symptoms of AVMs can range from <a href="/wiki/Asymptomatic" title="Asymptomatic">none at all</a> to intense pain or bleeding, and they can lead to other serious medical problems.<sup id="cite_ref-NINDS_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NINDS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Signs_and_symptoms">Signs and symptoms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arteriovenous_malformation&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Signs and symptoms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Symptoms of AVMs vary according to their location. Most <a href="/wiki/Neurological" class="mw-redirect" title="Neurological">neurological</a> AVMs produce few to <a href="/wiki/Asymptomatic" title="Asymptomatic">no symptoms</a>. Often the malformation is discovered as part of an <a href="/wiki/Autopsy" title="Autopsy">autopsy</a> or during treatment of an unrelated disorder (an "<a href="/wiki/Incidental_finding" class="mw-redirect" title="Incidental finding">incidental finding</a>"); in rare cases, its expansion or a micro-bleed from an AVM in the brain can cause <a href="/wiki/Epilepsy" title="Epilepsy">epilepsy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neurological_deficit" class="mw-redirect" title="Neurological deficit">neurological deficit</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Pain" title="Pain">pain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The most general symptoms of a <a href="/wiki/Cerebral_AVM" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerebral AVM">cerebral AVM</a> include <a href="/wiki/Headache" title="Headache">headaches</a> and epileptic <a href="/wiki/Seizure" title="Seizure">seizures</a>, with more specific symptoms that normally depend on its location and the individual, including:<sup id="cite_ref-NINDS_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NINDS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Difficulties with movement coordination, including <a href="/wiki/Muscle_weakness" title="Muscle weakness">muscle weakness</a> and even <a href="/wiki/Paralysis" title="Paralysis">paralysis</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertigo" title="Vertigo">Vertigo</a> (dizziness);</li> <li>Difficulties of speech (<a href="/wiki/Dysarthria" title="Dysarthria">dysarthria</a>) and communication, such as <a href="/wiki/Aphasia" title="Aphasia">aphasia</a>;</li> <li>Difficulties with everyday activities, such as <a href="/wiki/Apraxia" title="Apraxia">apraxia</a>;</li> <li>Abnormal sensations (numbness, tingling, or spontaneous pain);</li> <li>Memory and thought-related problems, such as <a href="/wiki/Confusion" title="Confusion">confusion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dementia" title="Dementia">dementia</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Hallucination" title="Hallucination">hallucinations</a>.</li></ul> <p>Cerebral AVMs may present themselves in a number of different ways:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bleeding" title="Bleeding">Bleeding</a> (45% of cases)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Parkinsonism" title="Parkinsonism">parkinsonism</a>" 4 symptoms in <a href="/wiki/Parkinson%27s_disease" title="Parkinson's disease">Parkinson's disease</a>.</li> <li>Acute onset of severe headache. May be described as the worst headache of the patient's life. Depending on the location of bleeding, may be associated with new fixed neurologic deficit. In unruptured brain AVMs, the risk of spontaneous bleeding may be as low as 1% per year. After a first rupture, the annual bleeding risk may increase to more than 5%.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Seizure or brain seizure (46%). Depending on the place of the AVM, it can contribute to <a href="/wiki/Loss_of_vision" class="mw-redirect" title="Loss of vision">loss of vision</a>.</li> <li>Headache (34%)</li> <li>Progressive neurologic deficit (21%) <ul><li>May be caused by mass effect or venous dilatations. Presence and nature of the deficit depend on location of lesion and the draining veins.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>Pediatric patients <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heart_failure" title="Heart failure">Heart failure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macrocephaly" title="Macrocephaly">Macrocephaly</a></li> <li>Prominent scalp veins</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pulmonary_arteriovenous_malformations">Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arteriovenous_malformation&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations are abnormal communications between the veins and arteries of the <a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_circulation" title="Pulmonary circulation">pulmonary circulation</a>, leading to a right-to-left blood shunt.<sup id="cite_ref-Reichert_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reichert-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tellapuri_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tellapuri-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They have no symptoms in up to 29% of all cases,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however they can give rise to serious complications including <a href="/wiki/Hemorrhage" class="mw-redirect" title="Hemorrhage">hemorrhage</a>, and infection.<sup id="cite_ref-Reichert_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reichert-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are most commonly associated with <a href="/wiki/Hereditary_hemorrhagic_telangiectasia" title="Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia">hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tellapuri_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tellapuri-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genetics">Genetics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arteriovenous_malformation&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Genetics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>AVMs are usually <a href="/wiki/Congenital" class="mw-redirect" title="Congenital">congenital</a> and are part of the <a href="/wiki/RASopathy" title="RASopathy">RASopathy</a> family of developmental syndromes. The understanding of the anomaly's <a href="/wiki/Genetic_transmission" class="mw-redirect" title="Genetic transmission">genetic transmission</a> patterns are incomplete, but there are known genetic <a href="/wiki/Mutation" title="Mutation">mutations</a> (for instance in the <a href="/wiki/Epithelial" class="mw-redirect" title="Epithelial">epithelial</a> line, tumor suppressor <a href="/wiki/PTEN_gene" class="mw-redirect" title="PTEN gene">PTEN gene</a>) which can lead to an increased occurrence throughout the body.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The anomaly can occur due to autosomal dominant diseases, such as <a href="/wiki/Hereditary_hemorrhagic_telangiectasia" title="Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia">hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pathophysiology">Pathophysiology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arteriovenous_malformation&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Pathophysiology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Circulatory_system" title="Circulatory system">circulatory system</a>, arteries carry blood away from the heart to the <a href="/wiki/Lung" title="Lung">lungs</a> and the rest of the body, where the blood normally passes through <a href="/wiki/Capillaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Capillaries">capillaries</a>—where oxygen is released and waste products like <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">carbon dioxide</a> (CO<sub style="font-size: 80%;vertical-align: -0.35em">2</sub>) absorbed—before veins return blood to the heart.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An AVM interferes with this process by forming a direct connection of the arteries and veins, bypassing the <a href="/wiki/Capillary_bed" class="mw-redirect" title="Capillary bed">capillary bed</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> AVMs can cause intense pain and lead to serious medical problems. Although AVMs are often associated with the brain and spinal cord, they can develop in other parts of the body.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As an AVM lacks the dampening effect of capillaries on the blood flow, the AVM can get progressively larger over time as the amount of blood flowing through it increases, forcing the heart to work harder to keep up with the extra blood flow. It also causes the surrounding area to be deprived of the functions of the capillaries. The resulting tangle of <a href="/wiki/Blood_vessel" title="Blood vessel">blood vessels</a>, often called a <i>nidus</i> (<a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> for 'nest'), has no capillaries. It can be extremely fragile and prone to bleeding because of the abnormally direct connections between high-pressure arteries and low-pressure veins.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One indicator is a pulsing 'whoosh' sound caused by rapid blood flow through arteries and veins, which has been given the term <i>bruit</i> (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> for 'noise'). If the AVM is severe, this may produce an audible symptom which can interfere with hearing and sleep as well as cause psychological distress.<sup id="cite_ref-NINDS_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NINDS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diagnosis">Diagnosis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arteriovenous_malformation&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Diagnosis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PleftkidneyAVM1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/PleftkidneyAVM1.png/220px-PleftkidneyAVM1.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/PleftkidneyAVM1.png/330px-PleftkidneyAVM1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/PleftkidneyAVM1.png/440px-PleftkidneyAVM1.png 2x" data-file-width="1089" data-file-height="917" /></a><figcaption>An arterial venous malformation of the left kidney and a simple cyst of the right kidney</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PleftkidneyAVM2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/PleftkidneyAVM2.png/220px-PleftkidneyAVM2.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/PleftkidneyAVM2.png/330px-PleftkidneyAVM2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/PleftkidneyAVM2.png/440px-PleftkidneyAVM2.png 2x" data-file-width="1091" data-file-height="914" /></a><figcaption>An arterial venous malformation of the left kidney leading to <a href="/wiki/Aneurysm" title="Aneurysm">aneurysmal</a> dilatation of the left <a href="/wiki/Renal_vein" title="Renal vein">renal vein</a> and <a href="/wiki/Inferior_vena_cava" title="Inferior vena cava">inferior vena cava</a></figcaption></figure> <p>AVMs are diagnosed primarily by the following <a href="/wiki/Medical_imaging" title="Medical imaging">imaging</a> methods:<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Computed_tomography" class="mw-redirect" title="Computed tomography">Computed tomography</a> (CT) scan is a noninvasive X-ray to view the anatomical structures within the brain to detect blood in or around the brain. A newer technology called <a href="/wiki/CT_angiography" class="mw-redirect" title="CT angiography">CT angiography</a> involves the injection of <a href="/wiki/Radiocontrast_agent" title="Radiocontrast agent">contrast</a> into the blood stream to view the arteries of the brain. This type of test provides the best pictures of blood vessels through angiography and soft tissues through CT.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_resonance_imaging" title="Magnetic resonance imaging">Magnetic resonance imaging</a> (MRI) scan is a noninvasive test, which uses a magnetic field and radio-frequency waves to give a detailed view of the soft tissues of the brain.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_resonance_angiography" title="Magnetic resonance angiography">Magnetic resonance angiography</a> (MRA) – scans created using magnetic resonance imaging to specifically image the blood vessels and structures of the brain. A magnetic resonance angiogram can be an invasive procedure, involving the introduction of contrast dyes (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">gadolinium</a> MR <a href="/wiki/Contrast_agent" title="Contrast agent">contrast agents</a>) into the vasculature (circulatory system) of a patient using a <a href="/wiki/Catheter" title="Catheter">catheter</a> inserted into an artery and passed through the blood vessels to the brain. Once the catheter is in place, the contrast dye is injected into the bloodstream and the MR images are taken. Additionally or alternatively, flow-dependent or other contrast-free magnetic resonance imaging techniques can be used to determine the location and other properties of the vasculature.</li></ul> <p>AVMs can occur in various parts of the body: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_brain" title="Human brain">brain</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cerebral_arteriovenous_malformation" title="Cerebral arteriovenous malformation">cerebral AV malformation</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spleen" title="Spleen">spleen</a><sup id="cite_ref-pmid17145440_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17145440-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_lung" class="mw-redirect" title="Human lung">lung</a><sup id="cite_ref-pmid18294908_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18294908-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dupeRef1_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dupeRef1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidney" title="Kidney">kidney</a><sup id="cite_ref-pmid16794894_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid16794894-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinal_cord" title="Spinal cord">spinal cord</a><sup id="cite_ref-pmid15730991_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15730991-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liver" title="Liver">liver</a><sup id="cite_ref-pmid7650340_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid7650340-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercostal_space" title="Intercostal space">intercostal space</a><sup id="cite_ref-pmid17056881_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17056881-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iris_(anatomy)" title="Iris (anatomy)">iris</a><sup id="cite_ref-pmid16534057_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid16534057-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spermatic_cord" title="Spermatic cord">spermatic cord</a><sup id="cite_ref-pmid17939869_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17939869-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>extremities – arm, shoulder, etc.</li></ul> <p>AVMs may occur in isolation or as a part of another disease (for example, <a href="/wiki/Sturge-Weber_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Sturge-Weber syndrome">Sturge-Weber syndrome</a> or <a href="/wiki/Hereditary_hemorrhagic_telangiectasia" title="Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia">hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-National_Institute_of_Neurological_Disorders_and_Stroke_2024_s064_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-National_Institute_of_Neurological_Disorders_and_Stroke_2024_s064-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>AVMs have been shown to be associated with <a href="/wiki/Aortic_stenosis" title="Aortic stenosis">aortic stenosis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bleeding from an AVM can be relatively mild or devastating. It can cause severe and less often fatal <a href="/wiki/Stroke" title="Stroke">strokes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NINDS_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NINDS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Treatment">Treatment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arteriovenous_malformation&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Treatment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Cerebral_arteriovenous_malformation#Treatment" title="Cerebral arteriovenous malformation">Treatment for AVMs in the brain</a> can be symptomatic, and patients should be followed by a neurologist for any seizures, headaches, or focal neurologic deficits. AVM-specific treatment may also involve <a href="/wiki/Interventional_neuroradiology" title="Interventional neuroradiology">endovascular embolization</a>, neurosurgery or radiosurgery.<sup id="cite_ref-NINDS_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NINDS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Embolization, that is, cutting off the blood supply to the AVM with coils, particles, acrylates, or polymers introduced by a radiographically guided catheter, may be used in addition to neurosurgery or radiosurgery, but is rarely successful in isolation except in smaller AVMs.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Gamma_knife" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamma knife">gamma knife</a> may also be used.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>If a cerebral AVM is detected before a stroke occurs, usually the arteries feeding blood into the nidus can be closed off to avert the danger.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Interventional therapy may be relatively risky in the short term.<sup id="cite_ref-aruba02_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aruba02-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Treatment of lung AVMs is typically performed with endovascular embolization alone, which is considered the standard of care.<sup id="cite_ref-dupeRef1_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dupeRef1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Epidemiology">Epidemiology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arteriovenous_malformation&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Epidemiology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The estimated detection rate of AVM in the US general population is 1.4/100,000 per year.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is approximately one-fifth to one-seventh the incidence of <a href="/wiki/Intracranial_aneurysm" title="Intracranial aneurysm">intracranial aneurysms</a>. An estimated 300,000 Americans have AVMs, of whom 12% (approximately 36,000) will exhibit symptoms of greatly varying severity.<sup id="cite_ref-NINDS_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NINDS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arteriovenous_malformation&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Hubert_von_Luschka" title="Hubert von Luschka">Hubert von Luschka</a> (1820–1875) and <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Virchow" title="Rudolf Virchow">Rudolf Virchow</a> (1821–1902) first described arteriovenous malformations in the mid-1800s. <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Olivecrona" title="Herbert Olivecrona">Herbert Olivecrona</a> (1891–1980) performed the first surgical excision of an intracranial AVM in 1932. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Society_and_culture">Society and culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arteriovenous_malformation&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Society and culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notable_cases">Notable cases</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arteriovenous_malformation&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notable cases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Actor <a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Montalb%C3%A1n" title="Ricardo Montalbán">Ricardo Montalbán</a> was born with spinal AVM.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the filming of the 1951 film <i><a href="/wiki/Across_the_Wide_Missouri_(film)" title="Across the Wide Missouri (film)">Across the Wide Missouri</a></i>, Montalbán was thrown from his horse, knocked unconscious, and trampled by another horse which aggravated his AVM and resulted in a painful back injury that never healed. The pain increased as he aged, and in 1993, Montalbán underwent <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac">9<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> hours of spinal surgery which left him paralyzed below the waist and using a wheelchair.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Composer and lyricist <a href="/wiki/William_Finn" title="William Finn">William Finn</a> was diagnosed with AVM and underwent gamma knife surgery in September 1992, soon after he won the 1992 <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Tony Award">Tony Award</a> for best musical, awarded to "<a href="/wiki/Falsettos" title="Falsettos">Falsettos</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finn wrote the 1998 Off-Broadway musical <i><a href="/wiki/A_New_Brain" title="A New Brain">A New Brain</a></i> about the experience.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Suns" title="Phoenix Suns">Phoenix Suns</a> point guard <a href="/wiki/AJ_Price" class="mw-redirect" title="AJ Price">AJ Price</a> nearly died from AVM in 2004 while a student at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Connecticut" title="University of Connecticut">University of Connecticut</a>.</li> <li>On December 13, 2006, Senator <a href="/wiki/Tim_Johnson_(South_Dakota_politician)" title="Tim Johnson (South Dakota politician)">Tim Johnson</a> of South Dakota was diagnosed with AVM and treated at <a href="/wiki/George_Washington_University_Hospital" title="George Washington University Hospital">George Washington University Hospital</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Actor/comedian <a href="/wiki/T._J._Miller" class="mw-redirect" title="T. J. Miller">T. J. Miller</a> was diagnosed with AVM in 2010; Miller had a seizure and was unable to sleep for a period. He successfully underwent surgery that had a mortality rate of 10%.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On August 3, 2011, <a href="/wiki/Mike_Patterson_(American_football)" title="Mike Patterson (American football)">Mike Patterson</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Eagles" title="Philadelphia Eagles">Philadelphia Eagles</a> collapsed on the field and had a seizure during a practice, leading to him being diagnosed with AVM.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Former Florida Gators and Oakland Raiders linebacker <a href="/wiki/Neiron_Ball" title="Neiron Ball">Neiron Ball</a> was diagnosed with AVM in 2011 while playing for <a href="/wiki/University_of_florida_gators_football" class="mw-redirect" title="University of florida gators football">Florida</a>, but recovered and was cleared to play. On September 16, 2018, Ball was placed in a medically induced coma due to complications of the disease, which lasted until his death on September 10, 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Indonesian actress <a href="/w/index.php?title=Egidia_Savitri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Egidia Savitri (page does not exist)">Egidia Savitri</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egidia_Savitri" class="extiw" title="id:Egidia Savitri">id</a>]</span> died from complications of AVM on November 29, 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Jazz guitarist <a href="/wiki/Pat_Martino" title="Pat Martino">Pat Martino</a> experienced an AVM and subsequently developed <a href="/wiki/Amnesia" title="Amnesia">amnesia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manic_depression" class="mw-redirect" title="Manic depression">manic depression</a>. He eventually re-learned to play the guitar by listening to his own recordings from before the <a href="/wiki/Aneurysm" title="Aneurysm">aneurysm</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>YouTube vlogger <a href="/wiki/Nikki_Lilly" title="Nikki Lilly">Nikki Lilly</a> (Nikki Christou), winner of the <a href="/wiki/Junior_Bake_Off_(series_4)" class="mw-redirect" title="Junior Bake Off (series 4)">2016 season</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/Junior_Bake_Off" title="Junior Bake Off">Junior Bake Off</a></i> was born with AVM, which has resulted in some facial disfigurement.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Country music singer <a href="/wiki/Drake_White" title="Drake White">Drake White</a> was diagnosed with AVM in January 2019, and is undergoing treatment.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cultural_depictions">Cultural depictions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arteriovenous_malformation&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Cultural depictions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In the HBO series <i><a href="/wiki/Six_Feet_Under_(TV_series)" title="Six Feet Under (TV series)">Six Feet Under</a></i> (2001), main character <a href="/wiki/Nate_Fisher_(Six_Feet_Under)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nate Fisher (Six Feet Under)">Nate Fisher</a> discovers he has an AVM after being in a car accident and getting a precautionary cat scan at the hospital during Season 1. His AVM becomes a key focus during Season 2 and again in Season 5.</li> <li>In season 1 episode 9 of <i><a href="/wiki/House_(TV_series)" title="House (TV series)">House</a></i> (2004), titled "DNR", a jazz musician has an AVM and is misdiagnosed with <a href="/wiki/ALS" title="ALS">ALS</a>. Two season three episodes also involve AVM - "Top Secret" (episode 16), in which a veteran who believes himself to be suffering from <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War_syndrome" title="Gulf War syndrome">Gulf War syndrome</a> is found to have spinal and pulmonary AVM from hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia; and "Resignation" (episode 22), where the patient developed AVM in her intestines after drinking pipe cleaner fluid in a suicide attempt.</li> <li>In the 2005 Lifetime film <a href="/wiki/Dawn_Anna" title="Dawn Anna">Dawn Anna</a>, the titular character learns she has AVM, and undergoes a serious operation and subsequent rehabilitation, which she recovers from.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arteriovenous_malformation&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foix%E2%80%93Alajouanine_syndrome" title="Foix–Alajouanine syndrome">Foix–Alajouanine syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haemangioma" class="mw-redirect" title="Haemangioma">Haemangioma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klippel%E2%80%93Tr%C3%A9naunay_syndrome" title="Klippel–Trénaunay syndrome">Klippel–Trénaunay syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkes_Weber_syndrome" title="Parkes Weber syndrome">Parkes Weber syndrome</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arteriovenous_malformation&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NINDS-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NINDS_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NINDS_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NINDS_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NINDS_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NINDS_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NINDS_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/Arteriovenous-Malformation">Arteriovenous Malformation Information Page</a></i> at <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Neurological_Disorders_and_Stroke" title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke">NINDS</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 17,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sbnation.com&rft.atitle=Mike+Patterson%27s+Collapse+Reportedly+Related+To+Brain+AVM&rft.date=2011-08-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sbnation.com%2F2011%2F8%2F4%2F2343821%2Fmike-patterson-collapse-eagles-practice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArteriovenous+malformation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/24796861/neiron-ball-former-oakland-raiders-lb-medically-induced-coma-aneurysm">"Neiron Ball, former Raiders LB, in medically induced coma after aneurysm"</a>. <i>ESPN</i>. September 26, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ESPN&rft.atitle=Neiron+Ball%2C+former+Raiders+LB%2C+in+medically+induced+coma+after+aneurysm&rft.date=2018-09-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espn.com%2Fnfl%2Fstory%2F_%2Fid%2F24796861%2Fneiron-ball-former-oakland-raiders-lb-medically-induced-coma-aneurysm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArteriovenous+malformation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuhendra" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Suhendra, Ichsan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://entertainment.kompas.com/read/2013/11/29/1920142/Pesinetron.Egidia.Savitri.Telah.Pergi">"Pesinetron Egidia Savitri Telah Pergi"</a>. <i>KOMPAS.com</i> (in Indonesian). Kompas Cyber Media<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 15,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=KOMPAS.com&rft.atitle=Pesinetron+Egidia+Savitri+Telah+Pergi&rft.aulast=Suhendra&rft.aufirst=Ichsan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fentertainment.kompas.com%2Fread%2F2013%2F11%2F29%2F1920142%2FPesinetron.Egidia.Savitri.Telah.Pergi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArteriovenous+malformation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vida, Vendela. Confidence, or the Appearance of Confidence: The Best of the Believer Music Interviews. No ed. San Francisco, CA: Believer, a Tiny Division of McSweeney's Which Is Also Tiny, 2014. Print.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/latestnews/2016/junior-bake-off-winner">"Junior Bake Off 2016 Winner announced"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_Media_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC Media Centre">BBC Media Centre</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_Online" title="BBC Online">BBC Online</a>. November 25, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 9,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+Media+Centre&rft.atitle=Junior+Bake+Off+2016+Winner+announced&rft.date=2016-11-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fmediacentre%2Flatestnews%2F2016%2Fjunior-bake-off-winner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArteriovenous+malformation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output 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dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt 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ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox32" style="width:100%; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 0;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAECF0;color:black;">Classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div style="position:relative; float:right; font-size:0.8em;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1584110" class="extiw" title="d:Q1584110">D</a></div><div class="hlist" style="text-align:left;"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/International_Statistical_Classification_of_Diseases_and_Related_Health_Problems" class="mw-redirect" title="International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems">ICD</a>-<a href="/wiki/ICD-11" title="ICD-11">11</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse/latest-release/mms/en#585997617">LA90.3</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse/latest-release/mms/en#153256729">8B22.40</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse/latest-release/mms/en#1678781070">BD52.1</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse/latest-release/mms/en#498053587">BA82</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/International_Statistical_Classification_of_Diseases_and_Related_Health_Problems" class="mw-redirect" title="International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems">ICD</a>-<a href="/wiki/ICD-10" title="ICD-10">10</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/Q27.3">Q27.3</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/Q28.0">Q28.0</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/Q28.2">Q28.2</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/I77.0">I77.0</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/I25.4">I25.4</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/International_Statistical_Classification_of_Diseases_and_Related_Health_Problems" class="mw-redirect" title="International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems">ICD</a>-<a href="/wiki/List_of_ICD-9_codes" title="List of ICD-9 codes">9-CM</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icd9data.com/getICD9Code.ashx?icd9=747.6">747.6</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icd9data.com/getICD9Code.ashx?icd9=747.81">747.81</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D001165">D001165</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Diseases_Database" title="Diseases Database">DiseasesDB</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diseasesdatabase.com/ddb15235.htm">15235</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAECF0;color:black;">External resources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist" style="text-align:left;"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/MedlinePlus" title="MedlinePlus">MedlinePlus</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000779.htm">000779</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/EMedicine" title="EMedicine">eMedicine</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://emedicine.medscape.com/search/Arteriovenous%20Malformation-overview">search/Arteriovenous%20Malformation</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Vascular_anomalies127" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Vascular_anomalies" title="Template:Vascular anomalies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Vascular_anomalies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Vascular anomalies (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Vascular_anomalies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Vascular anomalies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Vascular_anomalies127" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Vascular_anomaly" title="Vascular anomaly"> Vascular anomalies</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vascular_tumor" title="Vascular tumor"> Vascular tumors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Benign</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Infantile_hemangioma" title="Infantile hemangioma"> Infantile hemangioma / Hemangioma of infancy</a></li> <li>Congenital hemangioma</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tufted_angioma" title="Tufted angioma">Tufted angioma</a></li> <li>Spindle-cell hemangioma</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angiolymphoid_hyperplasia_with_eosinophilia" title="Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia"> Epithelioid hemangioma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyogenic_granuloma" title="Pyogenic granuloma">Pyogenic granuloma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locally aggressive or borderline</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vascular_tumor" title="Vascular tumor"> Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Malignant</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angiosarcoma" title="Angiosarcoma">Angiosarcoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epithelioid_hemangioendothelioma" title="Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma">Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vascular_malformation" title="Vascular malformation"> Vascular malformations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Simple</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Capillary malformations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nevus simplex</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port-wine_stain" title="Port-wine stain"> Cutaneous and/or mucosal CM ("port-wine" stain)</a></li> <li>Reticulate CM</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lymphatic_malformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Lymphatic malformation"> Lymphatic malformations (LM)</a> <hr /> <span style="font-size:85%;"> Incorrect name: Lymphangioma</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Common (cystic) LM <ul><li>Macrocystic LM</li> <li>Microcystic LM</li> <li>Mixed cystic LM</li></ul></li> <li>Generalized lymphatic anomaly <ul><li>Kaposiform lymphangiomatosis</li></ul></li> <li>LM in <a href="/wiki/Gorham-Stout_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorham-Stout disease">Gorham-Stout disease</a></li> <li>Channel type LM</li> <li>“Acquired” progressive lymphatic anomaly</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primary_lymphedema" title="Primary lymphedema">Primary lymphedema</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Milroy%27s_disease" title="Milroy's disease"> Nonne-Milroy syndrome</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Venous malformations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Common VM</li> <li>Familial VM cutaneo-mucosal</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_rubber_bleb_nevus_syndrome" title="Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome">Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome</a></li> <li>Glomuvenous malformation</li> <li>Cerebral cavernous malformation</li> <li>Familial intraosseous vascular malformation</li> <li>Verrucous venous malformation</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arteriovenous_malformations" class="mw-redirect" title="Arteriovenous malformations">Arteriovenous malformations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Sporadic</li> <li>In HHT</li> <li>In CM-AVM</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arteriovenous_fistula" title="Arteriovenous fistula">Arteriovenous fistula</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Sporadic</li> <li>In HHT</li> <li>In CM-AVM</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Combined</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Lymphatic-venous malformation</li> <li>Capillary-arteriovenous malformation</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associated with other anomalies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Klippel-Trenaunay_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome">Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome</a></li> <li>Parkes Weber Syndrome</li> <li>Servelle-Martorell syndrome</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sturge-Weber_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Sturge-Weber syndrome">Sturge-Weber syndrome</a></li> <li>Limb CM + congenital non-progressive limb overgrowth</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maffucci_syndrome" title="Maffucci syndrome">Maffucci syndrome</a></li> <li>Macrocephaly - CM (M-CM / MCAP)</li> <li>Microcephaly - CM (MICCAP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CLOVES_syndrome" title="CLOVES syndrome">CLOVES syndrome</a></li> <li>Proteus syndrome</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome">Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome</a></li> <li>CLAPO syndrome</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Congenital_vascular_defects_/_Vascular_malformation185" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Congenital_vascular_defects" title="Template:Congenital vascular defects"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Congenital_vascular_defects" title="Template talk:Congenital vascular defects"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Congenital_vascular_defects" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Congenital vascular defects"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Congenital_vascular_defects_/_Vascular_malformation185" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Congenital_disorder" class="mw-redirect" title="Congenital disorder">Congenital</a> <a href="/wiki/Vascular_malformation" title="Vascular malformation">vascular defects</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vascular_malformation" title="Vascular malformation">Vascular malformation</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Great_arteries" title="Great arteries">Great arteries</a>/<br />other arteries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aorta" title="Aorta">Aorta</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patent_ductus_arteriosus" title="Patent ductus arteriosus">Patent ductus arteriosus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coarctation_of_the_aorta" title="Coarctation of the aorta">Coarctation of the aorta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interrupted_aortic_arch" title="Interrupted aortic arch">Interrupted aortic arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_aortic_arch" title="Double aortic arch">Double aortic arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-sided_aortic_arch" title="Right-sided aortic arch">Right-sided aortic arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overriding_aorta" title="Overriding aorta">Overriding aorta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aneurysm_of_sinus_of_Valsalva" title="Aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva">Aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vascular_ring" title="Vascular ring">Vascular ring</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_artery" title="Pulmonary artery">Pulmonary artery</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_atresia" title="Pulmonary atresia">Pulmonary atresia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stenosis_of_pulmonary_artery" class="mw-redirect" title="Stenosis of pulmonary artery">Stenosis of pulmonary artery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Subclavian_artery" title="Subclavian artery">Subclavian artery</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aberrant_subclavian_artery" title="Aberrant subclavian artery">Aberrant subclavian artery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Umbilical_artery" title="Umbilical artery">Umbilical artery</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Single_umbilical_artery" title="Single umbilical artery">Single umbilical artery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Great veins</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Superior_vena_cava" title="Superior vena cava">Superior</a>/<a href="/wiki/Inferior_vena_cava" title="Inferior vena cava">inferior vena cava</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congenital_stenosis_of_vena_cava" title="Congenital stenosis of vena cava">Congenital stenosis of vena cava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persistent_left_superior_vena_cava" title="Persistent left superior vena cava">Persistent left superior vena cava</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_vein" title="Pulmonary vein">Pulmonary vein</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anomalous_pulmonary_venous_connection" title="Anomalous pulmonary venous connection">Anomalous pulmonary venous connection</a> (<a href="/wiki/Total_anomalous_pulmonary_venous_connection" class="mw-redirect" title="Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection">Total</a>, <a href="/wiki/Partial_anomalous_pulmonary_venous_connection" class="mw-redirect" title="Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection">Partial</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scimitar_syndrome" title="Scimitar syndrome">Scimitar syndrome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Arteriovenous malformation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cerebral_arteriovenous_malformation" title="Cerebral arteriovenous malformation">Cerebral arteriovenous malformation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cardiovascular_disease_(vessels)151" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Vascular_diseases" title="Template:Vascular diseases"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Vascular_diseases" title="Template talk:Vascular diseases"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Vascular_diseases" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Vascular diseases"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cardiovascular_disease_(vessels)151" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cardiovascular_disease" title="Cardiovascular disease">Cardiovascular disease</a> (vessels)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Artery" title="Artery">Arteries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arteriole" title="Arteriole">arterioles</a><br /> and <a href="/wiki/Capillary" title="Capillary">capillaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Inflammation" title="Inflammation">Inflammation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arteritis" title="Arteritis">Arteritis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aortitis" title="Aortitis">Aortitis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thromboangiitis_obliterans" title="Thromboangiitis obliterans">Buerger's disease</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arteriosclerosis" title="Arteriosclerosis">Arteriosclerosis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atherosclerosis" title="Atherosclerosis">Atherosclerosis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foam_cell" title="Foam cell">Foam cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatty_streak" title="Fatty streak">Fatty streak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atheroma" title="Atheroma">Atheroma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cholesterol" title="Cholesterol">Cholesterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-density_lipoprotein" title="Low-density lipoprotein">LDL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxycholesterol" title="Oxycholesterol">Oxycholesterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans_fat" title="Trans fat">Trans fat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monckeberg%27s_arteriosclerosis" title="Monckeberg's arteriosclerosis">Monckeberg's arteriosclerosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyaline_arteriolosclerosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyaline arteriolosclerosis">Hyaline arteriolosclerosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperplastic_arteriolosclerosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis">Hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Peripheral_artery_disease" title="Peripheral artery disease">Peripheral artery disease</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stenosis" title="Stenosis">Stenosis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carotid_artery_stenosis" title="Carotid artery stenosis">Carotid artery stenosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renal_artery_stenosis" title="Renal artery stenosis">Renal artery stenosis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aortoiliac_occlusive_disease" title="Aortoiliac occlusive disease">Aortoiliac occlusive disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_limb_ischemia" class="mw-redirect" title="Critical limb ischemia">Critical limb ischemia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Degos_disease" title="Degos disease">Degos disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erythromelalgia" title="Erythromelalgia">Erythromelalgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibromuscular_dysplasia" title="Fibromuscular dysplasia">Fibromuscular dysplasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepatic_artery_thrombosis" title="Hepatic artery thrombosis">Hepatic artery thrombosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermittent_claudication" title="Intermittent claudication">Intermittent claudication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raynaud%27s_phenomenon" class="mw-redirect" title="Raynaud's phenomenon">Raynaud's phenomenon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aneurysm" title="Aneurysm">Aneurysm</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dissection_(medical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dissection (medical)">dissection</a> /<br /> <a href="/wiki/Pseudoaneurysm" title="Pseudoaneurysm">pseudoaneurysm</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>torso</i>: <a href="/wiki/Aortic_aneurysm" title="Aortic aneurysm">Aortic aneurysm</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdominal_aortic_aneurysm" title="Abdominal aortic aneurysm">Abdominal aortic aneurysm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoracic_aortic_aneurysm" title="Thoracic aortic aneurysm">Thoracic aortic aneurysm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aneurysm_of_sinus_of_Valsalva" title="Aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva">Aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aortic_dissection" title="Aortic dissection">Aortic dissection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aortic_rupture" title="Aortic rupture">Aortic rupture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronary_artery_aneurysm" title="Coronary artery aneurysm">Coronary artery aneurysm</a></li> <li><i>head / neck</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intracranial_aneurysm" title="Intracranial aneurysm">Intracranial aneurysm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intracranial_berry_aneurysm" class="mw-redirect" title="Intracranial berry aneurysm">Intracranial berry aneurysm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carotid_artery_dissection" title="Carotid artery dissection">Carotid artery dissection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertebral_artery_dissection" title="Vertebral artery dissection">Vertebral artery dissection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Familial_aortic_dissection" title="Familial aortic dissection">Familial aortic dissection</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vascular_malformation" title="Vascular malformation">Vascular malformation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arteriovenous_fistula" title="Arteriovenous fistula">Arteriovenous fistula</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Arteriovenous malformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telangiectasia" title="Telangiectasia">Telangiectasia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hereditary_hemorrhagic_telangiectasia" title="Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia">Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generalized_essential_telangiectasia" title="Generalized essential telangiectasia">Generalized essential telangiectasia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nevus#Vascular_nevus" title="Nevus">Vascular nevus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cherry_hemangioma" class="mw-redirect" title="Cherry hemangioma">Cherry hemangioma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halo_nevus" title="Halo nevus">Halo nevus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spider_angioma" title="Spider angioma">Spider angioma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vein" title="Vein">Veins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Inflammation" title="Inflammation">Inflammation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phlebitis" title="Phlebitis">Phlebitis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Venous_thrombosis" title="Venous thrombosis">Venous thrombosis</a> /<br /> <a href="/wiki/Thrombophlebitis" title="Thrombophlebitis">Thrombophlebitis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>primarily lower limb</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deep_vein_thrombosis" title="Deep vein thrombosis">Deep vein thrombosis</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>abdomen</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hepatic_veno-occlusive_disease" title="Hepatic veno-occlusive disease">Hepatic veno-occlusive disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budd%E2%80%93Chiari_syndrome" title="Budd–Chiari syndrome">Budd–Chiari syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May%E2%80%93Thurner_syndrome" title="May–Thurner syndrome">May–Thurner syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal_vein_thrombosis" title="Portal vein thrombosis">Portal vein thrombosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renal_vein_thrombosis" title="Renal vein thrombosis">Renal vein thrombosis</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>upper limb / torso</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mondor%27s_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Mondor's disease">Mondor's disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paget%E2%80%93Schroetter_disease" title="Paget–Schroetter disease">Paget–Schroetter disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_embolism" title="Pulmonary embolism">Pulmonary embolism</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>head</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cerebral_venous_sinus_thrombosis" title="Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis">Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-thrombotic_syndrome" title="Post-thrombotic syndrome">Post-thrombotic syndrome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Varicose_veins" title="Varicose veins">Varicose veins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gastric_varices" title="Gastric varices">Gastric varices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portacaval_anastomosis" title="Portacaval anastomosis">Portacaval anastomosis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caput_medusae" title="Caput medusae">Caput medusae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esophageal_varices" title="Esophageal varices">Esophageal varices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemorrhoid" title="Hemorrhoid">Hemorrhoid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varicocele" title="Varicocele">Varicocele</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chronic_venous_insufficiency" title="Chronic venous insufficiency">Chronic venous insufficiency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronic_cerebrospinal_venous_insufficiency" class="mw-redirect" title="Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency">Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_vena_cava_syndrome" title="Superior vena cava syndrome">Superior vena cava syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inferior_vena_cava_syndrome" title="Inferior vena cava syndrome">Inferior vena cava syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venous_ulcer" title="Venous ulcer">Venous ulcer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arteries or veins</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angiopathy" title="Angiopathy">Angiopathy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macroangiopathy" class="mw-redirect" title="Macroangiopathy">Macroangiopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microangiopathy" title="Microangiopathy">Microangiopathy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embolism" title="Embolism">Embolism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_embolism" title="Pulmonary embolism">Pulmonary embolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cholesterol_embolism" title="Cholesterol embolism">Cholesterol embolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paradoxical_embolism" title="Paradoxical embolism">Paradoxical embolism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrombosis" title="Thrombosis">Thrombosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasculitis" title="Vasculitis">Vasculitis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Blood_pressure" title="Blood pressure">Blood pressure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hypertension" title="Hypertension">Hypertension</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hypertensive_heart_disease" title="Hypertensive heart disease">Hypertensive heart disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypertensive_emergency" title="Hypertensive emergency">Hypertensive emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypertensive_nephropathy" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypertensive nephropathy">Hypertensive nephropathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essential_hypertension" title="Essential hypertension">Essential hypertension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_hypertension" title="Secondary hypertension">Secondary hypertension</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renovascular_hypertension" title="Renovascular hypertension">Renovascular hypertension</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benign_hypertension" title="Benign hypertension">Benign hypertension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_hypertension" title="Pulmonary hypertension">Pulmonary hypertension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systolic_hypertension" title="Systolic hypertension">Systolic hypertension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_coat_hypertension" title="White coat hypertension">White coat hypertension</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hypotension" title="Hypotension">Hypotension</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div 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