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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Architectural Energetics</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">26 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Architectural Energetics</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Architectural_Energetics">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_48892314" data-work_id="48892314" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/48892314/Virtually_Reconstructing_the_Past_Estimating_Labour_Costs_through_Digital_Technologies">Virtually Reconstructing the Past. Estimating Labour Costs through Digital Technologies.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Any building can be perceived as the summation of specific actions surrounding the gathering and construction of a precise volume and variety of materials. By working backwards and quantifying its individual aspects, a structure can be... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_48892314" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Any building can be perceived as the summation of specific actions surrounding the gathering and construction of a precise volume and variety of materials. By working backwards and quantifying its individual aspects, a structure can be estimated in terms of labour costs spent in construction. This methodology, traditionally called architectural energetics, is becoming more common in historical and archaeological analyses and can provide new avenues through which to interpret past societies via structures. Three-dimensional (3D) technologies are continually being applied to historical research in new and exciting ways. One such application comes in 3D reconstructions of past buildings. In this project, a residential structure at Kasmenai, Archaic period southeast Sicily, was reconstructed based on archaeological evidence and historical comparanda. From the volume calculations provided by Blender, volumetric analyses can be completed to aid in estimating labour costs for constructing the building. This project compares the traditional, mathematical format of architectural energetics to that aided by 3D design. The advantages of the latter demonstrate clearly the benefit of incorporating digital technologies into historical research.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/48892314" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2130969" href="https://uakron.academia.edu/JerradLancaster">Jerrad Lancaster</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2130969" type="text/json">{"id":2130969,"first_name":"Jerrad","last_name":"Lancaster","domain_name":"uakron","page_name":"JerradLancaster","display_name":"Jerrad Lancaster","profile_url":"https://uakron.academia.edu/JerradLancaster?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2130969/12164023/34886150/s65_jerrad.lancaster.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_48892314 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="48892314"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 48892314, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_48892314", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_48892314 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 48892314; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_48892314"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_48892314 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="48892314"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 48892314; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=48892314]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_48892314").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_48892314").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="48892314"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15190" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtual_Archaeology">Virtual Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15190" type="text/json">{"id":15190,"name":"Virtual Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtual_Archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17618" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_Archaeology">Greek Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17618" type="text/json">{"id":17618,"name":"Greek Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_Archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21619" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaic_Greek_history">Archaic Greek history</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21619" type="text/json">{"id":21619,"name":"Archaic Greek history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaic_Greek_history?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22878" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_History">Ancient Greek History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="22878" type="text/json">{"id":22878,"name":"Ancient Greek History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_History?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=48892314]'), work: {"id":48892314,"title":"Virtually Reconstructing the Past. Estimating Labour Costs through Digital Technologies.","created_at":"2021-05-11T19:06:06.313-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/48892314/Virtually_Reconstructing_the_Past_Estimating_Labour_Costs_through_Digital_Technologies?f_ri=112909","dom_id":"work_48892314","summary":"Any building can be perceived as the summation of specific actions surrounding the gathering and construction of a precise volume and variety of materials. By working backwards and quantifying its individual aspects, a structure can be estimated in terms of labour costs spent in construction. This methodology, traditionally called architectural energetics, is becoming more common in historical and archaeological analyses and can provide new avenues through which to interpret past societies via structures. Three-dimensional (3D) technologies are continually being applied to historical research in new and exciting ways. One such application comes in 3D reconstructions of past buildings. In this project, a residential structure at Kasmenai, Archaic period southeast Sicily, was reconstructed based on archaeological evidence and historical comparanda. From the volume calculations provided by Blender, volumetric analyses can be completed to aid in estimating labour costs for constructing the building. This project compares the traditional, mathematical format of architectural energetics to that aided by 3D design. The advantages of the latter demonstrate clearly the benefit of incorporating digital technologies into historical research.","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2130969,"first_name":"Jerrad","last_name":"Lancaster","domain_name":"uakron","page_name":"JerradLancaster","display_name":"Jerrad Lancaster","profile_url":"https://uakron.academia.edu/JerradLancaster?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2130969/12164023/34886150/s65_jerrad.lancaster.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":15190,"name":"Virtual Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtual_Archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":17618,"name":"Greek Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_Archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":21619,"name":"Archaic Greek history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaic_Greek_history?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":22878,"name":"Ancient Greek History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_History?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":30451,"name":"Virtual Reconstruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtual_Reconstruction?f_ri=112909"},{"id":40083,"name":"Greek Sicily","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_Sicily?f_ri=112909"},{"id":110833,"name":"Archaeology, Virtual Reconstructions, Computer Applications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_Virtual_Reconstructions_Computer_Applications?f_ri=112909"},{"id":112909,"name":"Architectural Energetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics?f_ri=112909"},{"id":293699,"name":"Virtual Reconstruction, Blender, Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtual_Reconstruction_Blender_Archaeology?f_ri=112909"},{"id":646314,"name":"Kasmenai","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kasmenai?f_ri=112909"},{"id":1148502,"name":"Virtual Reconstructions of Archaeological Sites","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtual_Reconstructions_of_Archaeological_Sites?f_ri=112909"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9523920" data-work_id="9523920" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9523920/The_Energetics_of_Mycenaean_Defense_Works_Assessing_Labour_Investment_for_Fortification_Construction_during_the_Late_Helladic_Period_ca_1600_1200_BC_">The Energetics of Mycenaean Defense Works: Assessing Labour Investment for Fortification Construction during the Late Helladic Period (ca. 1600-1200 BC) </a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9523920" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3ea77315defaa0f39b6fe3f03c82401f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35748351,"asset_id":9523920,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35748351/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNTQ4MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2727412" href="https://trentu.academia.edu/PhilipCook">Philip Cook</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2727412" type="text/json">{"id":2727412,"first_name":"Philip","last_name":"Cook","domain_name":"trentu","page_name":"PhilipCook","display_name":"Philip Cook","profile_url":"https://trentu.academia.edu/PhilipCook?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2727412/880040/1111552/s65_philip.cook.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9523920 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9523920"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9523920, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9523920", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_9523920 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9523920; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_9523920"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_9523920 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="9523920"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9523920; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9523920]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_9523920").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_9523920").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="9523920"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="41373" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mycenaean">Mycenaean</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="41373" type="text/json">{"id":41373,"name":"Mycenaean","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mycenaean?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="51123" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aegean_Late_Bronze_Age">Aegean Late Bronze Age</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="51123" type="text/json">{"id":51123,"name":"Aegean Late Bronze Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aegean_Late_Bronze_Age?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="54723" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fortifications">Fortifications</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="54723" type="text/json">{"id":54723,"name":"Fortifications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fortifications?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="91755" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energetics">Energetics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="91755" type="text/json">{"id":91755,"name":"Energetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energetics?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9523920]'), work: {"id":9523920,"title":"The Energetics of Mycenaean Defense Works: Assessing Labour Investment for Fortification Construction during the Late Helladic Period (ca. 1600-1200 BC) ","created_at":"2014-11-27T02:28:55.229-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/9523920/The_Energetics_of_Mycenaean_Defense_Works_Assessing_Labour_Investment_for_Fortification_Construction_during_the_Late_Helladic_Period_ca_1600_1200_BC_?f_ri=112909","dom_id":"work_9523920","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35748351,"asset_id":9523920,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2727412,"first_name":"Philip","last_name":"Cook","domain_name":"trentu","page_name":"PhilipCook","display_name":"Philip Cook","profile_url":"https://trentu.academia.edu/PhilipCook?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2727412/880040/1111552/s65_philip.cook.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":41373,"name":"Mycenaean","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mycenaean?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":51123,"name":"Aegean Late Bronze Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aegean_Late_Bronze_Age?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":54723,"name":"Fortifications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fortifications?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":91755,"name":"Energetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energetics?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":112909,"name":"Architectural Energetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics?f_ri=112909"},{"id":574376,"name":"Monumental Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monumental_Architecture?f_ri=112909"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36224455" data-work_id="36224455" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36224455/Syracusan_Settlement_Expansion_in_South_Eastern_Sicily_in_the_Archaic_Period">Syracusan Settlement Expansion in South-Eastern Sicily in the Archaic Period</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">During the Archaic period Syracuse grew from a newly established colony to become a colonial power itself and its hegemony spread across the south-east part of Sicily. The motivations behind the expansion process and the foundation of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36224455" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">During the Archaic period Syracuse grew from a newly established colony to become a colonial power itself and its hegemony spread across the south-east part of Sicily. The motivations behind the expansion process and the foundation of multiple new settlements is the central theme of this thesis. The most notable are Heloros (late eighth century BC), Akrai (664 BC), Kasmenai (644 BC) and Kamarina (599 BC). The traditional interpretation behind this expansion is based on ancient literary sources and it stresses military intentions of Syracuse.  However, even though the foundations did have a strategic motivation behind them, more central was the desire for wealth accumulation through access to new agricultural land and creation of an inland trade route.  The aim of the methodologies (architectural energetics, population estimates and degrees of primacy) used in the thesis is to build a clearer picture of the settlements at key stages of their development from foundation to the end of Archaic period. Architectural energetics is used to estimate the comparative labour costs of building each settlement. Assessment of the architectural development of each site also supports the non-military motivation behind their foundation.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36224455" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4e304ae4f5980b125e6bafa83c929f6b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56127431,"asset_id":36224455,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56127431/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNTQ4MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2130969" href="https://uakron.academia.edu/JerradLancaster">Jerrad Lancaster</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2130969" type="text/json">{"id":2130969,"first_name":"Jerrad","last_name":"Lancaster","domain_name":"uakron","page_name":"JerradLancaster","display_name":"Jerrad Lancaster","profile_url":"https://uakron.academia.edu/JerradLancaster?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2130969/12164023/34886150/s65_jerrad.lancaster.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36224455 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36224455"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36224455, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36224455", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_36224455 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36224455; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_36224455"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_36224455 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36224455"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36224455; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36224455]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36224455").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36224455").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36224455"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1725" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Demography">Historical Demography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1725" type="text/json">{"id":1725,"name":"Historical Demography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Demography?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17618" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_Archaeology">Greek Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17618" type="text/json">{"id":17618,"name":"Greek Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_Archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21619" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaic_Greek_history">Archaic Greek history</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21619" type="text/json">{"id":21619,"name":"Archaic Greek history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaic_Greek_history?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22878" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_History">Ancient Greek History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="22878" type="text/json">{"id":22878,"name":"Ancient Greek History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_History?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36224455]'), work: {"id":36224455,"title":"Syracusan Settlement Expansion in South-Eastern Sicily in the Archaic Period","created_at":"2018-03-21T20:46:40.064-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36224455/Syracusan_Settlement_Expansion_in_South_Eastern_Sicily_in_the_Archaic_Period?f_ri=112909","dom_id":"work_36224455","summary":"During the Archaic period Syracuse grew from a newly established colony to become a colonial power itself and its hegemony spread across the south-east part of Sicily. The motivations behind the expansion process and the foundation of multiple new settlements is the central theme of this thesis. The most notable are Heloros (late eighth century BC), Akrai (664 BC), Kasmenai (644 BC) and Kamarina (599 BC). The traditional interpretation behind this expansion is based on ancient literary sources and it stresses military intentions of Syracuse. However, even though the foundations did have a strategic motivation behind them, more central was the desire for wealth accumulation through access to new agricultural land and creation of an inland trade route. The aim of the methodologies (architectural energetics, population estimates and degrees of primacy) used in the thesis is to build a clearer picture of the settlements at key stages of their development from foundation to the end of Archaic period. Architectural energetics is used to estimate the comparative labour costs of building each settlement. Assessment of the architectural development of each site also supports the non-military motivation behind their foundation. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56127431,"asset_id":36224455,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2130969,"first_name":"Jerrad","last_name":"Lancaster","domain_name":"uakron","page_name":"JerradLancaster","display_name":"Jerrad Lancaster","profile_url":"https://uakron.academia.edu/JerradLancaster?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2130969/12164023/34886150/s65_jerrad.lancaster.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1725,"name":"Historical Demography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Demography?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":17618,"name":"Greek Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_Archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":21619,"name":"Archaic Greek history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaic_Greek_history?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":22878,"name":"Ancient Greek History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_History?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":40083,"name":"Greek Sicily","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_Sicily?f_ri=112909"},{"id":58543,"name":"Greek Colonization (Magna Graecia and Sicily)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_Colonization_Magna_Graecia_and_Sicily_?f_ri=112909"},{"id":74339,"name":"Ancient Sicily","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Sicily?f_ri=112909"},{"id":112909,"name":"Architectural Energetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics?f_ri=112909"},{"id":115232,"name":"Archaeology, Classical archaeology, Greek and Roman history, Greek Colonization (Magna Graecia and Sicily), Material Culture Studies, Funerary Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_Classical_archaeology_Greek_and_Roman_history_Greek_Colonization_Magna_Graecia_and_S?f_ri=112909"},{"id":233191,"name":"Greeks and indigenous people","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greeks_and_indigenous_people?f_ri=112909"},{"id":287454,"name":"Camarina","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Camarina?f_ri=112909"},{"id":387478,"name":"Demographic and Population Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Demographic_and_Population_Studies?f_ri=112909"},{"id":421500,"name":"Rank Size Rule","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rank_Size_Rule?f_ri=112909"},{"id":492864,"name":"Classics and Ancient History: society, history and religion of the ancient Greeks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classics_and_Ancient_History_society_history_and_religion_of_the_ancient_Greeks?f_ri=112909"},{"id":561260,"name":"Primacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primacy?f_ri=112909"},{"id":646314,"name":"Kasmenai","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kasmenai?f_ri=112909"},{"id":677267,"name":"Ancient Syracuse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Syracuse?f_ri=112909"},{"id":677308,"name":"Eloro, Helorus, Heloros","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eloro_Helorus_Heloros?f_ri=112909"},{"id":711104,"name":"Akrai","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Akrai?f_ri=112909"},{"id":986811,"name":"Kamarina","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kamarina?f_ri=112909"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35437716" data-work_id="35437716" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35437716/Labour_Investment_and_the_Elite_in_the_Eastern_Hallstatt_Zone">Labour Investment and the Elite in the Eastern Hallstatt Zone</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35437716" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="954440c472864c4935d1b572349e2ff0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55340039,"asset_id":35437716,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55340039/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNTQ4MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5656416" href="https://hnm.academia.edu/BenceSo%C3%B3s">Bence Soós</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5656416" type="text/json">{"id":5656416,"first_name":"Bence","last_name":"Soós","domain_name":"hnm","page_name":"BenceSoós","display_name":"Bence Soós","profile_url":"https://hnm.academia.edu/BenceSo%C3%B3s?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5656416/2460051/16135968/s65_bence.so_s.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35437716 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" 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data-has-card-for-ri="53654" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Iron_Age">Early Iron Age</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="53654" type="text/json">{"id":53654,"name":"Early Iron Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Iron_Age?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="112909" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics">Architectural Energetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="112909" type="text/json">{"id":112909,"name":"Architectural Energetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="304546" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hallstattzeit">Hallstattzeit</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="304546" type="text/json">{"id":304546,"name":"Hallstattzeit","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hallstattzeit?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="579505" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eastern_Hallstatt_Culture">Eastern Hallstatt Culture</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="579505" type="text/json">{"id":579505,"name":"Eastern Hallstatt Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eastern_Hallstatt_Culture?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35437716]'), work: {"id":35437716,"title":"Labour Investment and the Elite in the Eastern Hallstatt Zone","created_at":"2017-12-15T07:16:43.443-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35437716/Labour_Investment_and_the_Elite_in_the_Eastern_Hallstatt_Zone?f_ri=112909","dom_id":"work_35437716","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55340039,"asset_id":35437716,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5656416,"first_name":"Bence","last_name":"Soós","domain_name":"hnm","page_name":"BenceSoós","display_name":"Bence Soós","profile_url":"https://hnm.academia.edu/BenceSo%C3%B3s?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5656416/2460051/16135968/s65_bence.so_s.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":53654,"name":"Early Iron Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Iron_Age?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":112909,"name":"Architectural Energetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":304546,"name":"Hallstattzeit","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hallstattzeit?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":579505,"name":"Eastern Hallstatt Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eastern_Hallstatt_Culture?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_690185" data-work_id="690185" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/690185/ENERGETICS_AND_ECONOMIES_OF_CONSTRUCTION_IN_THE_BYZANTINE_WORLD_in_Beyond_Icons_Theory_and_Methods_in_Byzantine_Archaeology_eds_K_Kourelis_and_B_Caraher_CUP_under_review_as_of_02_2017_">ENERGETICS AND ECONOMIES OF CONSTRUCTION IN THE BYZANTINE WORLD [in: Beyond Icons: Theory and Methods in Byzantine Archaeology, eds. K. Kourelis and B. Caraher (CUP, under review as of 02/2017)]</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">early draft (2011)<br /><br />submitted with book manuscript for review to Cambridge Univ. Press February 2017</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/690185" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4395d709d8980e32945e8c6ab92614de" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":6037137,"asset_id":690185,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/6037137/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNTQ4MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="503826" href="https://uga.academia.edu/JordanPickett">Jordan Pickett</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="503826" type="text/json">{"id":503826,"first_name":"Jordan","last_name":"Pickett","domain_name":"uga","page_name":"JordanPickett","display_name":"Jordan Pickett","profile_url":"https://uga.academia.edu/JordanPickett?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/503826/175576/27225384/s65_jordan.pickett.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_690185 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="690185"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 690185, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_690185", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=690185]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_690185").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_690185").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="690185"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="990" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Antique_and_Byzantine_History">Late Antique and Byzantine History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="990" type="text/json">{"id":990,"name":"Late Antique and Byzantine History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Antique_and_Byzantine_History?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1446" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History">Medieval History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1446" type="text/json">{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2853" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies">Medieval Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2853" type="text/json">{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3343" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Archaeology">Digital Archaeology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3343" type="text/json">{"id":3343,"name":"Digital Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=690185]'), work: {"id":690185,"title":"ENERGETICS AND ECONOMIES OF CONSTRUCTION IN THE BYZANTINE WORLD [in: Beyond Icons: Theory and Methods in Byzantine Archaeology, eds. K. Kourelis and B. Caraher (CUP, under review as of 02/2017)]","created_at":"2011-06-22T04:31:39.214-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/690185/ENERGETICS_AND_ECONOMIES_OF_CONSTRUCTION_IN_THE_BYZANTINE_WORLD_in_Beyond_Icons_Theory_and_Methods_in_Byzantine_Archaeology_eds_K_Kourelis_and_B_Caraher_CUP_under_review_as_of_02_2017_?f_ri=112909","dom_id":"work_690185","summary":"early draft (2011)\n\nsubmitted with book manuscript for review to Cambridge Univ. Press February 2017","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":6037137,"asset_id":690185,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":503826,"first_name":"Jordan","last_name":"Pickett","domain_name":"uga","page_name":"JordanPickett","display_name":"Jordan Pickett","profile_url":"https://uga.academia.edu/JordanPickett?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/503826/175576/27225384/s65_jordan.pickett.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":990,"name":"Late Antique and Byzantine History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Antique_and_Byzantine_History?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":3343,"name":"Digital Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":5041,"name":"Late Antique Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Antique_Archaeology?f_ri=112909"},{"id":10091,"name":"Byzantine Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Byzantine_Studies?f_ri=112909"},{"id":11076,"name":"Late Antiquity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Antiquity?f_ri=112909"},{"id":14641,"name":"Byzantine Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Byzantine_Archaeology?f_ri=112909"},{"id":14642,"name":"Medieval Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Architecture?f_ri=112909"},{"id":23434,"name":"3D Modelling (Architecture)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/3D_Modelling_Architecture_?f_ri=112909"},{"id":112909,"name":"Architectural Energetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics?f_ri=112909"},{"id":125431,"name":"Byzantine art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Byzantine_art?f_ri=112909"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_65185967" data-work_id="65185967" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/65185967/Grave_Reminders_Comparing_Mycenaean_tomb_building_with_labour_and_memory">Grave Reminders: Comparing Mycenaean tomb building with labour and memory</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">From ca. 1600 – 1000 BC, builders across southern Greece crafted thousands of rock-cut chamber tombs similar to earlier and contemporary ‘beehive’ tholos tombs. Both tomb styles were designed with multiple uses in mind, filling with the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_65185967" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">From ca. 1600 – 1000 BC, builders across southern Greece crafted thousands of rock-cut chamber tombs similar to earlier and contemporary ‘beehive’ tholos tombs. Both tomb styles were designed with multiple uses in mind, filling with the remains of funerals forgotten over generations of reuse. In rare cases, the tombs were used once or seemingly not at all, cleaned thoroughly or sealed and abandoned entirely. Rather than focus on the missing or muddled record of funeral and post-funeral activities, this book reexamines Mycenaean tomb architecture and the decisions that guided it.<br /><br />From minimalistic to monumental, builders designed tombs with forethought to how commissioners and witnesses would react and remember them. Patterns suggest that memories of what tombs should look like heavily influenced new construction toward recurring shapes and appropriate scales. The wider debates over cost from ‘architectural energetics’ and perception in Aegean mortuary behaviour are thus revisited. Both can find common purpose in labour measured through a relative index and collective memory – how labourers and patrons saw their work. That metric for comparison lies within a median standard: in this instance, tombs expressed in terms of correlative shape and simple labour investment of the earth and rock moved to create them.<br /><br />This was accomplished here through photogrammetric modelling of 94 multi-use tombs in Achaea and Attica, verifying a cost-effective alternative for local authorities warding off information loss through site destruction from looting and earthquakes. Since most labour models suggest the tombs were not burdensome, commissioners held extravagant building in check by weighing the social risks and rewards of standing out from the crowd.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/65185967" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bda31a27446e04fa403906835dbf3393" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":76893582,"asset_id":65185967,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76893582/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNTQ4MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="40777062" href="https://leidenuniv.academia.edu/DanielRTurner">Daniel R Turner</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="40777062" type="text/json">{"id":40777062,"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Turner","domain_name":"leidenuniv","page_name":"DanielRTurner","display_name":"Daniel R Turner","profile_url":"https://leidenuniv.academia.edu/DanielRTurner?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/40777062/19215391/19158162/s65_daniel_r.turner.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_65185967 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="65185967"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 65185967, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_65185967", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_65185967 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 65185967; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_65185967"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_65185967 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="65185967"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 65185967; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=65185967]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_65185967").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_65185967").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="65185967"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13950" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Collective_Memory">Collective Memory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13950" type="text/json">{"id":13950,"name":"Collective Memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Collective_Memory?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21431" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mycenaean_era_archaeology">Mycenaean era archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21431" type="text/json">{"id":21431,"name":"Mycenaean era archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mycenaean_era_archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="74187" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mycenaean_Achaea">Mycenaean Achaea</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="74187" type="text/json">{"id":74187,"name":"Mycenaean Achaea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mycenaean_Achaea?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="112909" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics">Architectural Energetics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="112909" type="text/json">{"id":112909,"name":"Architectural Energetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=65185967]'), work: {"id":65185967,"title":"Grave Reminders: Comparing Mycenaean tomb building with labour and memory","created_at":"2021-12-20T05:09:15.167-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/65185967/Grave_Reminders_Comparing_Mycenaean_tomb_building_with_labour_and_memory?f_ri=112909","dom_id":"work_65185967","summary":"From ca. 1600 – 1000 BC, builders across southern Greece crafted thousands of rock-cut chamber tombs similar to earlier and contemporary ‘beehive’ tholos tombs. Both tomb styles were designed with multiple uses in mind, filling with the remains of funerals forgotten over generations of reuse. In rare cases, the tombs were used once or seemingly not at all, cleaned thoroughly or sealed and abandoned entirely. Rather than focus on the missing or muddled record of funeral and post-funeral activities, this book reexamines Mycenaean tomb architecture and the decisions that guided it.\n\nFrom minimalistic to monumental, builders designed tombs with forethought to how commissioners and witnesses would react and remember them. Patterns suggest that memories of what tombs should look like heavily influenced new construction toward recurring shapes and appropriate scales. The wider debates over cost from ‘architectural energetics’ and perception in Aegean mortuary behaviour are thus revisited. Both can find common purpose in labour measured through a relative index and collective memory – how labourers and patrons saw their work. That metric for comparison lies within a median standard: in this instance, tombs expressed in terms of correlative shape and simple labour investment of the earth and rock moved to create them.\n\nThis was accomplished here through photogrammetric modelling of 94 multi-use tombs in Achaea and Attica, verifying a cost-effective alternative for local authorities warding off information loss through site destruction from looting and earthquakes. Since most labour models suggest the tombs were not burdensome, commissioners held extravagant building in check by weighing the social risks and rewards of standing out from the crowd.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":76893582,"asset_id":65185967,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":40777062,"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Turner","domain_name":"leidenuniv","page_name":"DanielRTurner","display_name":"Daniel R Turner","profile_url":"https://leidenuniv.academia.edu/DanielRTurner?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/40777062/19215391/19158162/s65_daniel_r.turner.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":13950,"name":"Collective Memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Collective_Memory?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":21431,"name":"Mycenaean era archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mycenaean_era_archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":74187,"name":"Mycenaean Achaea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mycenaean_Achaea?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":112909,"name":"Architectural Energetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":373584,"name":"Rock-Cut Chamber Tombs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rock-Cut_Chamber_Tombs?f_ri=112909"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43254748 coauthored" data-work_id="43254748" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43254748/Leaving_No_Ashlar_Unturned_Definitions_Technical_Features_and_Regional_Synopsis_of_Cut_Stone_Masonry_in_the_Eastern_Mediterranean_Bronze_Age">Leaving No Ashlar Unturned: Definitions, Technical Features and Regional Synopsis of Cut-Stone Masonry in the Eastern Mediterranean Bronze Age</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Cut-stone masonry is one of the most prominent features that characterizes monumental architecture, the appearance of which is imbued with symbolic meaning and is a corollary to wholesale changes in the societies of the Bronze Age Eastern... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43254748" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Cut-stone masonry is one of the most prominent features that characterizes monumental architecture, the appearance of which is imbued with symbolic meaning and is a corollary to wholesale changes in the societies of the Bronze Age Eastern Mediterranean. The workshop held in Louvain-la-Neuve on the 8th and 9th of March 2018 aimed at exploring the specificities of building practices incorporating cut-stone masonry or components in Egypt, Syria, the Aegean, Anatolia, Cyprus, and the Levant in the 3rd and 2nd millennium BC. Specialists of the different regions of the Eastern Mediterranean discussed topics including the structural and formal features of standing architectural remains, extraction and shaping methods, tool kits, the visual effect of ashlar use and the symbolic impact of its abandonment.<br />Before letting the reader enter the core of the volume and explore the range of approaches to ashlar offered by contributors specialized in different geographical areas and sites, it bears upon the editors to provide a terminological and contextual framework in this introductory chapter. Characterizing the forms, techniques and building processes associated with cut-stone masonry in the Eastern Mediterranean Bronze Age is a daunting task. Data are spread over an extensive geographical and chronological context – the latter often debated – and the description of ashlar components and masonries is often provided with varying degrees of details and a loose terminology. The purpose of this introductory chapter is to provide a reminder of the terminology of cut-stone building components and masonry, to describe the specific techniques related to its production, and to provide a synopsis of ashlar use in the different regions of the Eastern Mediterranean Bronze Age. This regional synopsis is followed by a presentation of the challenges addressed during the workshop, and which fashioned the research questions addressed in the different, focused, contributions to this volume. These and the present introductory chapter address the research questions through varying case studies, datasets and methodologies, thus providing an in-depth understanding of the use of ashlar in the different regions of the Eastern Mediterranean in the 3rd and 2nd millennium BC, and providing a sound basis for discussion and comparison pertaining to this elaborate building technique.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43254748" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="194b90841f1fded69b980d855e4b6b3a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68711818,"asset_id":43254748,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68711818/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNTQ4MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="327258" href="https://huji.academia.edu/IgorKreimerman">Igor Kreimerman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="327258" type="text/json">{"id":327258,"first_name":"Igor","last_name":"Kreimerman","domain_name":"huji","page_name":"IgorKreimerman","display_name":"Igor Kreimerman","profile_url":"https://huji.academia.edu/IgorKreimerman?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/327258/136662/158662/s65_igor.kreimerman.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-43254748">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-43254748"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://ugent.academia.edu/MaudDevolder">Maud Devolder</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-43254748'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-43254748').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43254748 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43254748"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43254748, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43254748", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_43254748 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43254748; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_43254748"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_43254748 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43254748"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43254748; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43254748]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43254748").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43254748").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43254748"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3787" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Levantine_Archaeology">Levantine Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3787" type="text/json">{"id":3787,"name":"Levantine Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Levantine_Archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7655" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_History">Architectural History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7655" type="text/json">{"id":7655,"name":"Architectural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_History?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13515" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aegean_Bronze_Age_Bronze_Age_Archaeology_">Aegean Bronze Age (Bronze Age Archaeology)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13515" type="text/json">{"id":13515,"name":"Aegean Bronze Age (Bronze Age Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aegean_Bronze_Age_Bronze_Age_Archaeology_?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="34374" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Egyptian_Architecture">Ancient Egyptian Architecture</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="34374" type="text/json">{"id":34374,"name":"Ancient Egyptian Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Egyptian_Architecture?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43254748]'), work: {"id":43254748,"title":"Leaving No Ashlar Unturned: Definitions, Technical Features and Regional Synopsis of Cut-Stone Masonry in the Eastern Mediterranean Bronze Age","created_at":"2020-06-04T04:13:50.177-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43254748/Leaving_No_Ashlar_Unturned_Definitions_Technical_Features_and_Regional_Synopsis_of_Cut_Stone_Masonry_in_the_Eastern_Mediterranean_Bronze_Age?f_ri=112909","dom_id":"work_43254748","summary":"Cut-stone masonry is one of the most prominent features that characterizes monumental architecture, the appearance of which is imbued with symbolic meaning and is a corollary to wholesale changes in the societies of the Bronze Age Eastern Mediterranean. The workshop held in Louvain-la-Neuve on the 8th and 9th of March 2018 aimed at exploring the specificities of building practices incorporating cut-stone masonry or components in Egypt, Syria, the Aegean, Anatolia, Cyprus, and the Levant in the 3rd and 2nd millennium BC. Specialists of the different regions of the Eastern Mediterranean discussed topics including the structural and formal features of standing architectural remains, extraction and shaping methods, tool kits, the visual effect of ashlar use and the symbolic impact of its abandonment.\nBefore letting the reader enter the core of the volume and explore the range of approaches to ashlar offered by contributors specialized in different geographical areas and sites, it bears upon the editors to provide a terminological and contextual framework in this introductory chapter. Characterizing the forms, techniques and building processes associated with cut-stone masonry in the Eastern Mediterranean Bronze Age is a daunting task. Data are spread over an extensive geographical and chronological context – the latter often debated – and the description of ashlar components and masonries is often provided with varying degrees of details and a loose terminology. The purpose of this introductory chapter is to provide a reminder of the terminology of cut-stone building components and masonry, to describe the specific techniques related to its production, and to provide a synopsis of ashlar use in the different regions of the Eastern Mediterranean Bronze Age. This regional synopsis is followed by a presentation of the challenges addressed during the workshop, and which fashioned the research questions addressed in the different, focused, contributions to this volume. These and the present introductory chapter address the research questions through varying case studies, datasets and methodologies, thus providing an in-depth understanding of the use of ashlar in the different regions of the Eastern Mediterranean in the 3rd and 2nd millennium BC, and providing a sound basis for discussion and comparison pertaining to this elaborate building technique.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68711818,"asset_id":43254748,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":327258,"first_name":"Igor","last_name":"Kreimerman","domain_name":"huji","page_name":"IgorKreimerman","display_name":"Igor Kreimerman","profile_url":"https://huji.academia.edu/IgorKreimerman?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/327258/136662/158662/s65_igor.kreimerman.jpg"},{"id":238948,"first_name":"Maud","last_name":"Devolder","domain_name":"ugent","page_name":"MaudDevolder","display_name":"Maud Devolder","profile_url":"https://ugent.academia.edu/MaudDevolder?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/238948/52234/6874832/s65_maud.devolder.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3787,"name":"Levantine Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Levantine_Archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":7655,"name":"Architectural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_History?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":13515,"name":"Aegean Bronze Age (Bronze Age Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aegean_Bronze_Age_Bronze_Age_Archaeology_?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":34374,"name":"Ancient Egyptian Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Egyptian_Architecture?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":34580,"name":"Bronze And Iron Age In Mediterrarranean (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bronze_And_Iron_Age_In_Mediterrarranean_Archaeology_?f_ri=112909"},{"id":34581,"name":"Bronze and Iron Ages in Eastern Mediterranean (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bronze_and_Iron_Ages_in_Eastern_Mediterranean_Archaeology_?f_ri=112909"},{"id":38908,"name":"Minoan Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Minoan_Archaeology?f_ri=112909"},{"id":112909,"name":"Architectural Energetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics?f_ri=112909"},{"id":116363,"name":"Aegean Bronze Age Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aegean_Bronze_Age_Architecture?f_ri=112909"},{"id":147644,"name":"Stone Quarry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stone_Quarry?f_ri=112909"},{"id":225789,"name":"Building and Construction Materials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Building_and_Construction_Materials?f_ri=112909"},{"id":256662,"name":"Ancient Architecture and Construction History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Architecture_and_Construction_History?f_ri=112909"},{"id":270554,"name":"Cyprus Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cyprus_Archaeology?f_ri=112909"},{"id":338062,"name":"Ancient building techniques","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_building_techniques?f_ri=112909"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31577562" data-work_id="31577562" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31577562/Maud_Devolder_Architectural_Energetics_and_Late_Bronze_Age_Cretan_Architecture_Measuring_the_Scale_of_Minoan_Building_Projects_">Maud Devolder, "Architectural Energetics and Late Bronze Age Cretan Architecture. Measuring the Scale of Minoan Building Projects"</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Issues such as the assessment of the scale of Minoan building projects, their impact on the communities, or the role of the labour-time generated by the construction of various masonries on the choices made by the builders often seem too... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_31577562" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Issues such as the assessment of the scale of Minoan building projects, their impact on the communities, or the role of the labour-time generated by the construction of various masonries on the choices made by the builders often seem too far-fetched to be tackled by archaeologists. By taking a materialistic stance, the present paper offers to explore some of the parameters at play in the production of Minoan architecture.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31577562" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="acb55c4031f504e03249635ac95305ed" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51911054,"asset_id":31577562,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51911054/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNTQ4MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="238948" href="https://ugent.academia.edu/MaudDevolder">Maud Devolder</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="238948" type="text/json">{"id":238948,"first_name":"Maud","last_name":"Devolder","domain_name":"ugent","page_name":"MaudDevolder","display_name":"Maud Devolder","profile_url":"https://ugent.academia.edu/MaudDevolder?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/238948/52234/6874832/s65_maud.devolder.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31577562 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31577562"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31577562, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31577562", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_31577562 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31577562; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_31577562"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_31577562 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31577562"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31577562; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31577562]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_31577562").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_31577562").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="31577562"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26726" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bronze_Age_Archaeology_">Bronze Age (Archaeology)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26726" type="text/json">{"id":26726,"name":"Bronze Age (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bronze_Age_Archaeology_?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="38908" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Minoan_Archaeology">Minoan Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="38908" type="text/json">{"id":38908,"name":"Minoan Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Minoan_Archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="112909" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics">Architectural Energetics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="112909" type="text/json">{"id":112909,"name":"Architectural Energetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=31577562]'), work: {"id":31577562,"title":"Maud Devolder, \"Architectural Energetics and Late Bronze Age Cretan Architecture. Measuring the Scale of Minoan Building Projects\"","created_at":"2017-02-23T05:31:47.676-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/31577562/Maud_Devolder_Architectural_Energetics_and_Late_Bronze_Age_Cretan_Architecture_Measuring_the_Scale_of_Minoan_Building_Projects_?f_ri=112909","dom_id":"work_31577562","summary":"Issues such as the assessment of the scale of Minoan building projects, their impact on the communities, or the role of the labour-time generated by the construction of various masonries on the choices made by the builders often seem too far-fetched to be tackled by archaeologists. By taking a materialistic stance, the present paper offers to explore some of the parameters at play in the production of Minoan architecture.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51911054,"asset_id":31577562,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":238948,"first_name":"Maud","last_name":"Devolder","domain_name":"ugent","page_name":"MaudDevolder","display_name":"Maud Devolder","profile_url":"https://ugent.academia.edu/MaudDevolder?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/238948/52234/6874832/s65_maud.devolder.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":26726,"name":"Bronze Age (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bronze_Age_Archaeology_?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":38908,"name":"Minoan Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Minoan_Archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":112909,"name":"Architectural Energetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_39727235" data-work_id="39727235" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39727235/Uporaba_trirazse%C5%BEnostnega_dokumentiranja_za_arheolo%C5%A1ko_analizo_stoje%C4%8De_vernakularne_arhitekture_The_Use_of_Three_Dimensional_Documentation_for_the_Archaeological_Analysis_of_Standing_Vernacular_Architecture_">Uporaba trirazsežnostnega dokumentiranja za arheološko analizo stoječe vernakularne arhitekture (The Use of Three-Dimensional Documentation for the Archaeological Analysis of Standing Vernacular Architecture)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">3D digitisation techniques, especially image-based three-dimensional (3D) surface recording is a cost-efficient and intuitive technique that quickly gained ground in archaeological documentation during the 21st century, mainly because its... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_39727235" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">3D digitisation techniques, especially image-based three-dimensional (3D) surface recording is a cost-efficient and intuitive technique that quickly gained ground in archaeological documentation during the 21st century, mainly because its execution became much more straightforward during the past decade. As a result, many archaeological 3D documentation projects suddenly saw daylight. The majority of the resulting 3D models serves heritage conservation and restoration purposes or is used to extract metrical information or morphological characteristics of the object under study. Since one could also obtain most of these outcomes using more traditional approaches, the value of 3D surface documentation in terms of archaeological analysis and interpretation is still not entirely clear. This dissertation questions, therefore, the added value of digital 3D models for archaeological knowledge gaining. It explores if these 3D surfaces can open up new analytical pathways that would otherwise stay closed.<br /><br />Since various archaeological sources usually require specific research methodologies, this dissertation solely focuses on vernacular dry-stone architecture found in the Slovene Kras region. Using twenty-two image-based 3D surface models of shepherd shelters dating to the Early Modern Era, the author tries to answer questions about the functionality and biography (i.e. construction and use) of these shelters, thereby demonstrating the (in)effectiveness of 3D documentation as a starting point for this type of archaeological analysis.<br /><br />To unravel which properties best served the shelters’ function of protection against environmental factors and research how their use was affected by this suitability to protect, several analytical approaches were taken. All possible inner and outer dimensions of the 3D shelter models were measured, their volume of construction material and interior space calculated, various cross sections extracted and their surfaces checked for possible traces of usage wear. Besides, the influence of the environment (i.e. sunshine and rain) on these dry-stone constructions was virtually simulated, and 3D shepherd figures were digitally placed inside them. The newly obtained data made it clear that all shelters were performing their function virtually equally-well.<br /><br />The level of usage of the shelters could only be inferred from the detailed digitised 3D surfaces. Not only was it possible to observe traces of wear on the surface of the digital shelters, but the latter also enabled the quantification of the erosion and compaction of the soil inside every shelter due to the repeated walking on its floor.<br /><br />The orientation of the entrance was the only characteristic related to the shelters’ usage. Frequently used shelters feature a southwest entrance, which provides the best protection against the north-eastern burja wind, while additionally appearing favourable in the case of the incoming sunlight.<br /><br />The 3D models also proved essential to estimate each shelter’s stone mass and compute their centre of gravity. Both pieces of derived data served as the foundation for determining the shelters’ temporal and metabolic building costs. With an estimated caloric expenditure of 660 kcal per building day, the construction of most shelters was not very demanding nor did it necessarily involve a change in the dietary intake of the shepherds. The exception to this are larger shelters, for which the construction took many person-days. In these cases, one can assume a slight increase in food intake or less working hours per day. However, the construction could also be carried out over a more extended period (i.e. during many non-consecutive days) or just by multiple builders.<br /><br />Finally, the analytical potential of these digital shelter models has also been exhibited by populating them with 3D models of sitting or standing adult and child shepherds. In this way, the maximum number of shepherds that fit per shelter while not positioned with their back to each other was determined, thereby also simulating possible ways of communication.<br /><br />Besides the potential to extract new data and deduce original insights from archaeological 3D surface models, their analytical usage also brings a whole set of specific problems and considerations along. Some of those can be tackled if one knows how the 3D surface model was generated (which means that the photo acquisition, model generation and processing stages should be carefully documented). It is, for instance, impossible to directly compute if these dry-stone shelters could keep their inhabitants dry, simply because image-based modelling is unable to digitise all the cavities between the stones. However, simulating surface water run-off to detect concave regions that would collect water – and thus make it more likely for the structure not to be waterproof – is still possible.<br /><br />Moreover, data generated by a computer does not give these data an explicitly or inherently greater importance than their analogue counterparts, nor does the (potential for) high geometrical accuracy of 3D surface models render them ‘more objective’. Creating and analysing digital 3D surface models is still subject to many technical and interpretive decisions, which influence both the end-result and the newly derived insights. For example, calculating the volume of stone material is impossible without estimating the shelter’s boundaries. However, delineating shelters from their natural environment or shared dry-stone constructions (such as a wall) is highly interpretative.<br /><br />3D documentation as a data generation tool for archaeological analysis and interpretation of vernacular architecture thus proved to be challenging and promising at the same time. Only time will tell if the analytical potential of such 3D surface data will be embraced and exploited by archaeologists to yield insights that are not obtainable using other means. The primary challenge still faced by many field archaeologists that deal with digital 3D surface data lies in intensive collaboration with geomatics professionals. Such collaborations would enable a better understanding of the data recording particularities and analytical possibilities offered by the latest 3D technologies. Moreover, the geomatics industry could develop the software tools that enable the analyses envisioned by the heritage professionals. At the same time, the geomatics professionals often resort to cultural heritage examples to merely showcase their innovations in 3D surface recording. Although this yields an enormous quantity of digitised geometry, such 3D surface records do not inherently possess any added value for archaeological research, nor do they help to solve other significant issues like data accessibility, metadata standardisation and photo acquisition protocols.<br /><br />The problem that arises here is thus twofold. Archaeologists and other cultural heritage specialists often use digital 3D data in unimaginative or even inappropriate ways due to lack of technical understanding and interdisciplinary separation, while pertinent archaeological questions and heritage-specific problems usually get excluded from the 3D digitisation wave preached and practised by the geomatics industry. Breaking this vicious circle will take much patience and can only become a reality upon intensified cooperation (and not just communication!) between the two professions.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39727235" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="167e22f5d6d239b19c284c693e9430dc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":59904327,"asset_id":39727235,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59904327/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNTQ4MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4556199" href="https://oeaw.academia.edu/SetaStuhec">Seta Štuhec</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4556199" type="text/json">{"id":4556199,"first_name":"Seta","last_name":"Štuhec","domain_name":"oeaw","page_name":"SetaStuhec","display_name":"Seta Štuhec","profile_url":"https://oeaw.academia.edu/SetaStuhec?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4556199/1889159/6921637/s65_seta._tuhec.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_39727235 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="39727235"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39727235, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_39727235", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_39727235 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39727235; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_39727235"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_39727235 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="39727235"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39727235; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39727235]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_39727235").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_39727235").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="39727235"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="854" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Vision">Computer Vision</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="854" type="text/json">{"id":854,"name":"Computer Vision","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Vision?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1372" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture">Architecture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1372" type="text/json">{"id":1372,"name":"Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2132" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Heritage">Cultural Heritage</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2132" type="text/json">{"id":2132,"name":"Cultural Heritage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Heritage?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3132" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanics">Biomechanics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3132" type="text/json">{"id":3132,"name":"Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanics?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=39727235]'), work: {"id":39727235,"title":"Uporaba trirazsežnostnega dokumentiranja za arheološko analizo stoječe vernakularne arhitekture (The Use of Three-Dimensional Documentation for the Archaeological Analysis of Standing Vernacular Architecture)","created_at":"2019-07-01T02:00:34.718-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/39727235/Uporaba_trirazse%C5%BEnostnega_dokumentiranja_za_arheolo%C5%A1ko_analizo_stoje%C4%8De_vernakularne_arhitekture_The_Use_of_Three_Dimensional_Documentation_for_the_Archaeological_Analysis_of_Standing_Vernacular_Architecture_?f_ri=112909","dom_id":"work_39727235","summary":"3D digitisation techniques, especially image-based three-dimensional (3D) surface recording is a cost-efficient and intuitive technique that quickly gained ground in archaeological documentation during the 21st century, mainly because its execution became much more straightforward during the past decade. As a result, many archaeological 3D documentation projects suddenly saw daylight. The majority of the resulting 3D models serves heritage conservation and restoration purposes or is used to extract metrical information or morphological characteristics of the object under study. Since one could also obtain most of these outcomes using more traditional approaches, the value of 3D surface documentation in terms of archaeological analysis and interpretation is still not entirely clear. This dissertation questions, therefore, the added value of digital 3D models for archaeological knowledge gaining. It explores if these 3D surfaces can open up new analytical pathways that would otherwise stay closed.\n\nSince various archaeological sources usually require specific research methodologies, this dissertation solely focuses on vernacular dry-stone architecture found in the Slovene Kras region. Using twenty-two image-based 3D surface models of shepherd shelters dating to the Early Modern Era, the author tries to answer questions about the functionality and biography (i.e. construction and use) of these shelters, thereby demonstrating the (in)effectiveness of 3D documentation as a starting point for this type of archaeological analysis.\n\nTo unravel which properties best served the shelters’ function of protection against environmental factors and research how their use was affected by this suitability to protect, several analytical approaches were taken. All possible inner and outer dimensions of the 3D shelter models were measured, their volume of construction material and interior space calculated, various cross sections extracted and their surfaces checked for possible traces of usage wear. Besides, the influence of the environment (i.e. sunshine and rain) on these dry-stone constructions was virtually simulated, and 3D shepherd figures were digitally placed inside them. The newly obtained data made it clear that all shelters were performing their function virtually equally-well.\n\nThe level of usage of the shelters could only be inferred from the detailed digitised 3D surfaces. Not only was it possible to observe traces of wear on the surface of the digital shelters, but the latter also enabled the quantification of the erosion and compaction of the soil inside every shelter due to the repeated walking on its floor.\n\nThe orientation of the entrance was the only characteristic related to the shelters’ usage. Frequently used shelters feature a southwest entrance, which provides the best protection against the north-eastern burja wind, while additionally appearing favourable in the case of the incoming sunlight.\n\nThe 3D models also proved essential to estimate each shelter’s stone mass and compute their centre of gravity. Both pieces of derived data served as the foundation for determining the shelters’ temporal and metabolic building costs. With an estimated caloric expenditure of 660 kcal per building day, the construction of most shelters was not very demanding nor did it necessarily involve a change in the dietary intake of the shepherds. The exception to this are larger shelters, for which the construction took many person-days. In these cases, one can assume a slight increase in food intake or less working hours per day. However, the construction could also be carried out over a more extended period (i.e. during many non-consecutive days) or just by multiple builders.\n\nFinally, the analytical potential of these digital shelter models has also been exhibited by populating them with 3D models of sitting or standing adult and child shepherds. In this way, the maximum number of shepherds that fit per shelter while not positioned with their back to each other was determined, thereby also simulating possible ways of communication.\n\nBesides the potential to extract new data and deduce original insights from archaeological 3D surface models, their analytical usage also brings a whole set of specific problems and considerations along. Some of those can be tackled if one knows how the 3D surface model was generated (which means that the photo acquisition, model generation and processing stages should be carefully documented). It is, for instance, impossible to directly compute if these dry-stone shelters could keep their inhabitants dry, simply because image-based modelling is unable to digitise all the cavities between the stones. However, simulating surface water run-off to detect concave regions that would collect water – and thus make it more likely for the structure not to be waterproof – is still possible.\n\nMoreover, data generated by a computer does not give these data an explicitly or inherently greater importance than their analogue counterparts, nor does the (potential for) high geometrical accuracy of 3D surface models render them ‘more objective’. Creating and analysing digital 3D surface models is still subject to many technical and interpretive decisions, which influence both the end-result and the newly derived insights. For example, calculating the volume of stone material is impossible without estimating the shelter’s boundaries. However, delineating shelters from their natural environment or shared dry-stone constructions (such as a wall) is highly interpretative.\n\n3D documentation as a data generation tool for archaeological analysis and interpretation of vernacular architecture thus proved to be challenging and promising at the same time. Only time will tell if the analytical potential of such 3D surface data will be embraced and exploited by archaeologists to yield insights that are not obtainable using other means. The primary challenge still faced by many field archaeologists that deal with digital 3D surface data lies in intensive collaboration with geomatics professionals. Such collaborations would enable a better understanding of the data recording particularities and analytical possibilities offered by the latest 3D technologies. Moreover, the geomatics industry could develop the software tools that enable the analyses envisioned by the heritage professionals. At the same time, the geomatics professionals often resort to cultural heritage examples to merely showcase their innovations in 3D surface recording. Although this yields an enormous quantity of digitised geometry, such 3D surface records do not inherently possess any added value for archaeological research, nor do they help to solve other significant issues like data accessibility, metadata standardisation and photo acquisition protocols.\n\nThe problem that arises here is thus twofold. Archaeologists and other cultural heritage specialists often use digital 3D data in unimaginative or even inappropriate ways due to lack of technical understanding and interdisciplinary separation, while pertinent archaeological questions and heritage-specific problems usually get excluded from the 3D digitisation wave preached and practised by the geomatics industry. Breaking this vicious circle will take much patience and can only become a reality upon intensified cooperation (and not just communication!) between the two professions.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":59904327,"asset_id":39727235,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4556199,"first_name":"Seta","last_name":"Štuhec","domain_name":"oeaw","page_name":"SetaStuhec","display_name":"Seta Štuhec","profile_url":"https://oeaw.academia.edu/SetaStuhec?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4556199/1889159/6921637/s65_seta._tuhec.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":854,"name":"Computer Vision","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Vision?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":1372,"name":"Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":2132,"name":"Cultural Heritage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Heritage?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":3132,"name":"Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanics?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":16150,"name":"Karst Environments","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Karst_Environments?f_ri=112909"},{"id":16602,"name":"3D visualisation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/3D_visualisation?f_ri=112909"},{"id":20719,"name":"Interpretation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interpretation?f_ri=112909"},{"id":23434,"name":"3D Modelling (Architecture)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/3D_Modelling_Architecture_?f_ri=112909"},{"id":25828,"name":"Digital Photogrammetry applied to Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Photogrammetry_applied_to_Archaeology?f_ri=112909"},{"id":40343,"name":"Heritage interpretation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heritage_interpretation?f_ri=112909"},{"id":41031,"name":"Structure from Motion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structure_from_Motion?f_ri=112909"},{"id":54252,"name":"Archaeological Method and Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeological_Method_and_Theory-2?f_ri=112909"},{"id":104745,"name":"3d Modeling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/3d_Modeling?f_ri=112909"},{"id":112909,"name":"Architectural Energetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics?f_ri=112909"},{"id":178709,"name":"Slovenia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Slovenia?f_ri=112909"},{"id":564195,"name":"Multi View Stereo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multi_View_Stereo?f_ri=112909"},{"id":610109,"name":"Image Based Modelling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Image_Based_Modelling?f_ri=112909"},{"id":791771,"name":"Archaeological Interpretation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeological_Interpretation?f_ri=112909"},{"id":970308,"name":"Shepherds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shepherds?f_ri=112909"},{"id":3124485,"name":"Dry-stone shelter","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dry-stone_shelter?f_ri=112909"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_39059220" data-work_id="39059220" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39059220/To_house_and_defend_The_application_of_architectural_energetics_to_southeast_Archaic_Greek_Sicily">To house and defend: The application of architectural energetics to southeast Archaic Greek Sicily</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In 733 BCE, a group of colonists from Corinth, located on the Peloponnese of modern Greece, landed in southeast Sicily at the island of Ortygia and formed the settlement of Syracuse. This would become the first step of a hegemonic... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_39059220" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In 733 BCE, a group of colonists from Corinth, located on the Peloponnese of modern Greece, landed in southeast Sicily at the island of Ortygia and formed the settlement of Syracuse. This would become the first step of a hegemonic expansion across the southeast corner of the island, lasting over a century and establishing four Syracusan colonies and other smaller sites. This process ended with the settlement of Kamarina on the southern coast in 599 BCE. Kamarina was established as an independent settlement, but was most likely intended to be dependent to a degree on Syracuse.<br />Recent historiography of the region focuses broadly on the motivations (conquest, commerce, sociopolitics) behind the actions of Syracuse in the Archaic period (750–480 BCE), largely ignoring smaller aspects of colonial foundation and the interaction between Syracuse and its colonies. As an alternative or complement to this broad approach, examining certain features of the colonial process can lend insight into other macro-level factors present in the history of the area. Discussed here are two aspects of establishing a settlement: housing a population and constructing a defensive structure.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39059220" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b4d46bfeb38a3fb907af0c13633daba8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":59173642,"asset_id":39059220,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59173642/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNTQ4MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2130969" href="https://uakron.academia.edu/JerradLancaster">Jerrad Lancaster</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2130969" type="text/json">{"id":2130969,"first_name":"Jerrad","last_name":"Lancaster","domain_name":"uakron","page_name":"JerradLancaster","display_name":"Jerrad Lancaster","profile_url":"https://uakron.academia.edu/JerradLancaster?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2130969/12164023/34886150/s65_jerrad.lancaster.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_39059220 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="39059220"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39059220, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_39059220", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_39059220 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39059220; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_39059220"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_39059220 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="39059220"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39059220; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39059220]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_39059220").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_39059220").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="39059220"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9980" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_colonies_in_Magna_Graecia">Greek colonies in Magna Graecia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9980" type="text/json">{"id":9980,"name":"Greek colonies in Magna Graecia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_colonies_in_Magna_Graecia?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17618" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_Archaeology">Greek Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17618" type="text/json">{"id":17618,"name":"Greek Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_Archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21619" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaic_Greek_history">Archaic Greek history</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21619" type="text/json">{"id":21619,"name":"Archaic Greek history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaic_Greek_history?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22878" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_History">Ancient Greek History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="22878" type="text/json">{"id":22878,"name":"Ancient Greek History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_History?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=39059220]'), work: {"id":39059220,"title":"To house and defend: The application of architectural energetics to southeast Archaic Greek Sicily","created_at":"2019-05-08T11:07:10.606-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/39059220/To_house_and_defend_The_application_of_architectural_energetics_to_southeast_Archaic_Greek_Sicily?f_ri=112909","dom_id":"work_39059220","summary":"In 733 BCE, a group of colonists from Corinth, located on the Peloponnese of modern Greece, landed in southeast Sicily at the island of Ortygia and formed the settlement of Syracuse. This would become the first step of a hegemonic expansion across the southeast corner of the island, lasting over a century and establishing four Syracusan colonies and other smaller sites. This process ended with the settlement of Kamarina on the southern coast in 599 BCE. Kamarina was established as an independent settlement, but was most likely intended to be dependent to a degree on Syracuse.\nRecent historiography of the region focuses broadly on the motivations (conquest, commerce, sociopolitics) behind the actions of Syracuse in the Archaic period (750–480 BCE), largely ignoring smaller aspects of colonial foundation and the interaction between Syracuse and its colonies. As an alternative or complement to this broad approach, examining certain features of the colonial process can lend insight into other macro-level factors present in the history of the area. Discussed here are two aspects of establishing a settlement: housing a population and constructing a defensive structure.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":59173642,"asset_id":39059220,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2130969,"first_name":"Jerrad","last_name":"Lancaster","domain_name":"uakron","page_name":"JerradLancaster","display_name":"Jerrad Lancaster","profile_url":"https://uakron.academia.edu/JerradLancaster?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2130969/12164023/34886150/s65_jerrad.lancaster.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":9980,"name":"Greek colonies in Magna Graecia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_colonies_in_Magna_Graecia?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":17618,"name":"Greek Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_Archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":21619,"name":"Archaic Greek history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaic_Greek_history?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":22878,"name":"Ancient Greek History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_History?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":40083,"name":"Greek Sicily","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_Sicily?f_ri=112909"},{"id":54723,"name":"Fortifications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fortifications?f_ri=112909"},{"id":58543,"name":"Greek Colonization (Magna Graecia and Sicily)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_Colonization_Magna_Graecia_and_Sicily_?f_ri=112909"},{"id":112909,"name":"Architectural Energetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics?f_ri=112909"},{"id":115232,"name":"Archaeology, Classical archaeology, Greek and Roman history, Greek Colonization (Magna Graecia and Sicily), Material Culture Studies, Funerary Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_Classical_archaeology_Greek_and_Roman_history_Greek_Colonization_Magna_Graecia_and_S?f_ri=112909"},{"id":287454,"name":"Camarina","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Camarina?f_ri=112909"},{"id":677267,"name":"Ancient Syracuse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Syracuse?f_ri=112909"},{"id":986811,"name":"Kamarina","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kamarina?f_ri=112909"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37903716" data-work_id="37903716" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37903716/Building_the_Propylon_of_Ptolemy_II_Between_Thasos_and_Samothrace_AIA_2019_San_Diego_">Building the Propylon of Ptolemy II Between Thasos and Samothrace (AIA 2019 San Diego)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The central goal of my paper is to investigate how networks of builders in the northern Aegean, particularly between Thasos and Samothrace, shaped trends in Hellenistic architecture. The Propylon to the Sanctuary of the Great Gods on... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37903716" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The central goal of my paper is to investigate how networks of builders in the northern Aegean, particularly between Thasos and Samothrace, shaped trends in Hellenistic architecture. The Propylon to the Sanctuary of the Great Gods on Samothrace (built ca. 285–281 B.C.E.) is an ideal case study for how architecture in the northern Aegean depended upon large-scale interconnectedness. The building’s patron, Ptolemy II, was a second-generation Egyptian king from Macedon, the building’s limestone and marble were quarried on three different islands 200 km apart by sea (Samothrace, Thasos, and Proconnesus), and the building pioneered trends in Hellenistic design around the northern Aegean and the Black Sea, notably for Ionic capitals with rinceaux.<br />This paper examines the human endeavor of building the Samothracian propylon from commission to completion in order to reveal how one architectural project on one island rippled around the northern Aegean. With quantities estimation and architectural energetics analysis, I calculate the labor and materials required. With 3D computer modeling I visualize both the appearance of the finished gatehouse on Samothrace and the impact of extracting the necessary 1,000 tons of marble on the landscape of Thasos. Finally, new observations about the building’s sculptural details suggest the presence of marble workers from Thasos and explain the choice of materials, especially the use of marble from Proconnesus for the most sculpturally detailed elements (making up ca. 3% of the building’s marble). Broken down into building blocks (e.g., an estimated 30 shipments of marble from Thasos) the Propylon of Ptolemy II seems a very manageable project. But it is exactly the fact that this building was not a unique, herculean feat of engineering like the lighthouse underway at the same time in Alexandria that makes the Propylon of Ptolemy II a useful case study for understanding architectural networks. The exchange of designs and craftspeople seen in this one building also existed for the six other comparably sized buildings of Thasian marble in the Sanctuary of the Great Gods on Samothrace.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37903716" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="776e2dacfdef9e7203e87ddf6199806c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57913609,"asset_id":37903716,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57913609/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNTQ4MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5098537" href="https://princeton.academia.edu/SamHolzman">Sam Holzman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5098537" type="text/json">{"id":5098537,"first_name":"Sam","last_name":"Holzman","domain_name":"princeton","page_name":"SamHolzman","display_name":"Sam Holzman","profile_url":"https://princeton.academia.edu/SamHolzman?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5098537/7753506/21238828/s65_sam.holzman.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37903716 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37903716"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37903716, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37903716", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_37903716 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37903716; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_37903716"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_37903716 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="37903716"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37903716; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37903716]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37903716").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37903716").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37903716"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1372" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture">Architecture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1372" type="text/json">{"id":1372,"name":"Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18172" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mystery_cult">Mystery cult</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="18172" type="text/json">{"id":18172,"name":"Mystery cult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mystery_cult?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18448" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ptolemaic_Egyptian_History">Ptolemaic Egyptian History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="18448" type="text/json">{"id":18448,"name":"Ptolemaic Egyptian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ptolemaic_Egyptian_History?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37903716]'), work: {"id":37903716,"title":"Building the Propylon of Ptolemy II Between Thasos and Samothrace (AIA 2019 San Diego)","created_at":"2018-12-03T08:53:47.895-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37903716/Building_the_Propylon_of_Ptolemy_II_Between_Thasos_and_Samothrace_AIA_2019_San_Diego_?f_ri=112909","dom_id":"work_37903716","summary":"The central goal of my paper is to investigate how networks of builders in the northern Aegean, particularly between Thasos and Samothrace, shaped trends in Hellenistic architecture. The Propylon to the Sanctuary of the Great Gods on Samothrace (built ca. 285–281 B.C.E.) is an ideal case study for how architecture in the northern Aegean depended upon large-scale interconnectedness. The building’s patron, Ptolemy II, was a second-generation Egyptian king from Macedon, the building’s limestone and marble were quarried on three different islands 200 km apart by sea (Samothrace, Thasos, and Proconnesus), and the building pioneered trends in Hellenistic design around the northern Aegean and the Black Sea, notably for Ionic capitals with rinceaux.\nThis paper examines the human endeavor of building the Samothracian propylon from commission to completion in order to reveal how one architectural project on one island rippled around the northern Aegean. With quantities estimation and architectural energetics analysis, I calculate the labor and materials required. With 3D computer modeling I visualize both the appearance of the finished gatehouse on Samothrace and the impact of extracting the necessary 1,000 tons of marble on the landscape of Thasos. Finally, new observations about the building’s sculptural details suggest the presence of marble workers from Thasos and explain the choice of materials, especially the use of marble from Proconnesus for the most sculpturally detailed elements (making up ca. 3% of the building’s marble). Broken down into building blocks (e.g., an estimated 30 shipments of marble from Thasos) the Propylon of Ptolemy II seems a very manageable project. But it is exactly the fact that this building was not a unique, herculean feat of engineering like the lighthouse underway at the same time in Alexandria that makes the Propylon of Ptolemy II a useful case study for understanding architectural networks. The exchange of designs and craftspeople seen in this one building also existed for the six other comparably sized buildings of Thasian marble in the Sanctuary of the Great Gods on Samothrace.\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57913609,"asset_id":37903716,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5098537,"first_name":"Sam","last_name":"Holzman","domain_name":"princeton","page_name":"SamHolzman","display_name":"Sam Holzman","profile_url":"https://princeton.academia.edu/SamHolzman?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5098537/7753506/21238828/s65_sam.holzman.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":1372,"name":"Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":18172,"name":"Mystery cult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mystery_cult?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":18448,"name":"Ptolemaic Egyptian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ptolemaic_Egyptian_History?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":33978,"name":"Roman Marble trade and distribution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Marble_trade_and_distribution?f_ri=112909"},{"id":42963,"name":"Greek Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_Architecture?f_ri=112909"},{"id":43182,"name":"Ancient Quarrying","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Quarrying?f_ri=112909"},{"id":74393,"name":"Hellenistic art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hellenistic_art?f_ri=112909"},{"id":74509,"name":"Ancient Greek Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_Architecture?f_ri=112909"},{"id":112909,"name":"Architectural Energetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics?f_ri=112909"},{"id":160827,"name":"Thasos","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thasos?f_ri=112909"},{"id":180771,"name":"Hellenistic architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hellenistic_architecture?f_ri=112909"},{"id":219139,"name":"The Use of Marble and Other Stones","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Use_of_Marble_and_Other_Stones?f_ri=112909"},{"id":349655,"name":"Greek and Roman Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_and_Roman_Architecture?f_ri=112909"},{"id":704346,"name":"Samothrace","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Samothrace?f_ri=112909"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2397318" data-work_id="2397318" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2397318/Construire_en_Cr%C3%A8te_minoenne_Une_approche_%C3%A9nerg%C3%A9tique_de_larchitecture_n%C3%A9opalatiale_AEGAEUM_35_2013_Leuven_Li%C3%A8ge_Peeters">Construire en Crète minoenne. Une approche énergétique de l'architecture néopalatiale, AEGAEUM 35 (2013), Leuven/Liège: Peeters.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Cretan Neopalatial architecture (XVIIth-XVth c. BC) is considered by means of architectural energetics for estimating the time necessary to erect a building. The aim is to calculate the total amount of working hours necessary to fulfill... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2397318" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Cretan Neopalatial architecture (XVIIth-XVth c. BC) is considered by means of architectural energetics for estimating the time necessary to erect a building. The aim is to calculate the total amount of working hours necessary to fulfill the various tasks involved in the building project, i.e. collecting, transporting, manufacturing and assembling the raw materials. As such, the energetic approach provides a better understanding of the builders’ behaviour, especially regarding the selection and use of the different materials, and the leveling of the terrain prior to the construction. Through the examination of a broad sample of edifices, the particular study concludes to the involvement of the inhabitants in the construction of their own house, in marked contrast with the large and partly specialized manpower that contributed to elaborate building projects. The wide variety of the construction costs estimated throughout the study suggests an open access to specialized manpower, to which Neopalatial elites had a privileged, albeit not exclusive, access.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2397318" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="578917dea1f9690023606baac17df5ef" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31799512,"asset_id":2397318,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31799512/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNTQ4MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="238948" href="https://ugent.academia.edu/MaudDevolder">Maud Devolder</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="238948" type="text/json">{"id":238948,"first_name":"Maud","last_name":"Devolder","domain_name":"ugent","page_name":"MaudDevolder","display_name":"Maud Devolder","profile_url":"https://ugent.academia.edu/MaudDevolder?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/238948/52234/6874832/s65_maud.devolder.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2397318 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2397318"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2397318, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2397318", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_2397318 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2397318; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_2397318"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_2397318 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2397318"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2397318; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2397318]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2397318").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2397318").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2397318"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="112909" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics">Architectural Energetics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="112909" type="text/json">{"id":112909,"name":"Architectural Energetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2397318]'), work: {"id":2397318,"title":"Construire en Crète minoenne. Une approche énergétique de l'architecture néopalatiale, AEGAEUM 35 (2013), Leuven/Liège: Peeters.","created_at":"2013-01-13T20:22:02.748-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2397318/Construire_en_Cr%C3%A8te_minoenne_Une_approche_%C3%A9nerg%C3%A9tique_de_larchitecture_n%C3%A9opalatiale_AEGAEUM_35_2013_Leuven_Li%C3%A8ge_Peeters?f_ri=112909","dom_id":"work_2397318","summary":"Cretan Neopalatial architecture (XVIIth-XVth c. BC) is considered by means of architectural energetics for estimating the time necessary to erect a building. The aim is to calculate the total amount of working hours necessary to fulfill the various tasks involved in the building project, i.e. collecting, transporting, manufacturing and assembling the raw materials. As such, the energetic approach provides a better understanding of the builders’ behaviour, especially regarding the selection and use of the different materials, and the leveling of the terrain prior to the construction. Through the examination of a broad sample of edifices, the particular study concludes to the involvement of the inhabitants in the construction of their own house, in marked contrast with the large and partly specialized manpower that contributed to elaborate building projects. The wide variety of the construction costs estimated throughout the study suggests an open access to specialized manpower, to which Neopalatial elites had a privileged, albeit not exclusive, access.\r\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31799512,"asset_id":2397318,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":238948,"first_name":"Maud","last_name":"Devolder","domain_name":"ugent","page_name":"MaudDevolder","display_name":"Maud Devolder","profile_url":"https://ugent.academia.edu/MaudDevolder?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/238948/52234/6874832/s65_maud.devolder.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":112909,"name":"Architectural Energetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43920814 coauthored" data-work_id="43920814" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43920814/Pakkanen_J_A_Brysbaert_D_Turner_and_Y_Boswinkel_2020_Efficient_three_dimensional_field_documentation_methods_for_labour_cost_studies_Case_studies_from_archaeological_and_heritage_contexts">Pakkanen, J., A. Brysbaert, D. Turner and Y. Boswinkel 2020. Efficient three-dimensional field documentation methods for labour cost studies: Case studies from archaeological and heritage contexts</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The aim of this paper is to present alternatives for three-dimensional field documentation methods which can be used to record architectural features for econometric labour cost studies. Combining reflectorless total station line-drawing... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43920814" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The aim of this paper is to present alternatives for three-dimensional field documentation methods which can be used to record architectural features for econometric labour cost studies. Combining reflectorless total station line-drawing with photogrammetry produces high-quality three-dimensional models of the targets which can subsequently be analysed to derive volumetric data of the employed building materials and the sizes of the individual elements. The case studies compare how different variations and combinations of three-dimensional architectural documentation can be used to create sufficiently accurate models for architectural energetics studies with varying degrees of time and expense in the field and in the post-processing phase of the research. The documentation method has been developed by the first author of this paper and disseminated through annual fieldschools conducted on archaeological sites. The standard documentation procedure is to establish ground control points and an alternative based on inbuilt instrument GPS systems is also discussed.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43920814" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8f78611de9e12c297b577d8b72278bb4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64244920,"asset_id":43920814,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64244920/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNTQ4MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="23885020" href="https://leidenuniv.academia.edu/AnnBrysbaert">Ann Brysbaert</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="23885020" type="text/json">{"id":23885020,"first_name":"Ann","last_name":"Brysbaert","domain_name":"leidenuniv","page_name":"AnnBrysbaert","display_name":"Ann Brysbaert","profile_url":"https://leidenuniv.academia.edu/AnnBrysbaert?f_ri=112909","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-43920814">+3</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-43920814"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://royalholloway.academia.edu/JariPakkanen">Jari Pakkanen</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://leidenuniv.academia.edu/DanielRTurner">Daniel R Turner</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://leidenuni.academia.edu/YannickBoswinkel">Yannick Boswinkel</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-43920814'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-43920814').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_43920814 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43920814"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43920814; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43920814]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43920814").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43920814").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43920814"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="393" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Archaeology">Classical Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="393" type="text/json">{"id":393,"name":"Classical Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16799" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Architecture">Classical Architecture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16799" type="text/json">{"id":16799,"name":"Classical Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Architecture?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18032" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aegean_Prehistory_Archaeology_">Aegean Prehistory (Archaeology)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="18032" type="text/json">{"id":18032,"name":"Aegean Prehistory (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aegean_Prehistory_Archaeology_?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21431" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mycenaean_era_archaeology">Mycenaean era archaeology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="21431" type="text/json">{"id":21431,"name":"Mycenaean era archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mycenaean_era_archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43920814]'), work: {"id":43920814,"title":"Pakkanen, J., A. Brysbaert, D. Turner and Y. Boswinkel 2020. Efficient three-dimensional field documentation methods for labour cost studies: Case studies from archaeological and heritage contexts","created_at":"2020-08-22T03:52:07.229-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43920814/Pakkanen_J_A_Brysbaert_D_Turner_and_Y_Boswinkel_2020_Efficient_three_dimensional_field_documentation_methods_for_labour_cost_studies_Case_studies_from_archaeological_and_heritage_contexts?f_ri=112909","dom_id":"work_43920814","summary":"The aim of this paper is to present alternatives for three-dimensional field documentation methods which can be used to record architectural features for econometric labour cost studies. Combining reflectorless total station line-drawing with photogrammetry produces high-quality three-dimensional models of the targets which can subsequently be analysed to derive volumetric data of the employed building materials and the sizes of the individual elements. The case studies compare how different variations and combinations of three-dimensional architectural documentation can be used to create sufficiently accurate models for architectural energetics studies with varying degrees of time and expense in the field and in the post-processing phase of the research. The documentation method has been developed by the first author of this paper and disseminated through annual fieldschools conducted on archaeological sites. The standard documentation procedure is to establish ground control points and an alternative based on inbuilt instrument GPS systems is also discussed.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64244920,"asset_id":43920814,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":23885020,"first_name":"Ann","last_name":"Brysbaert","domain_name":"leidenuniv","page_name":"AnnBrysbaert","display_name":"Ann Brysbaert","profile_url":"https://leidenuniv.academia.edu/AnnBrysbaert?f_ri=112909","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":32351624,"first_name":"Jari","last_name":"Pakkanen","domain_name":"royalholloway","page_name":"JariPakkanen","display_name":"Jari Pakkanen","profile_url":"https://royalholloway.academia.edu/JariPakkanen?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32351624/11267067/12570939/s65_jari.pakkanen.jpg"},{"id":40777062,"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Turner","domain_name":"leidenuniv","page_name":"DanielRTurner","display_name":"Daniel R Turner","profile_url":"https://leidenuniv.academia.edu/DanielRTurner?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/40777062/19215391/19158162/s65_daniel_r.turner.jpg"},{"id":3285175,"first_name":"Yannick","last_name":"Boswinkel","domain_name":"leidenuni","page_name":"YannickBoswinkel","display_name":"Yannick Boswinkel","profile_url":"https://leidenuni.academia.edu/YannickBoswinkel?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3285175/1090697/11245380/s65_yannick.boswinkel.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":393,"name":"Classical Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":16799,"name":"Classical Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Architecture?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":18032,"name":"Aegean Prehistory (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aegean_Prehistory_Archaeology_?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":21431,"name":"Mycenaean era archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mycenaean_era_archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":23434,"name":"3D Modelling (Architecture)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/3D_Modelling_Architecture_?f_ri=112909"},{"id":25663,"name":"Aegean Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aegean_Archaeology?f_ri=112909"},{"id":91950,"name":"3d Reconstructions in Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/3d_Reconstructions_in_Archaeology?f_ri=112909"},{"id":112909,"name":"Architectural Energetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics?f_ri=112909"},{"id":197781,"name":"Mycenaean architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mycenaean_architecture?f_ri=112909"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40178079" data-work_id="40178079" itemscope="itemscope" 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type="text/json">{"id":834708,"first_name":"Jean","last_name":"Vanden Broeck-Parant","domain_name":"uclouvain","page_name":"JeanVandenBroeckParant","display_name":"Jean Vanden Broeck-Parant","profile_url":"https://uclouvain.academia.edu/JeanVandenBroeckParant?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/834708/420213/19532448/s65_jean.vanden_broeck-parant.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40178079 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40178079"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40178079, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40178079", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_40178079 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40178079; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_40178079"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_40178079 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="40178079"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40178079; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40178079]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_40178079").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_40178079").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40178079"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="74509" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_Architecture">Ancient Greek Architecture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="74509" type="text/json">{"id":74509,"name":"Ancient Greek Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_Architecture?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="112909" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics">Architectural Energetics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="112909" type="text/json">{"id":112909,"name":"Architectural Energetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40178079]'), work: {"id":40178079,"title":"Quantifying the construction of the temple of Asklepios at Epidauros","created_at":"2019-08-26T09:11:02.879-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/40178079/Quantifying_the_construction_of_the_temple_of_Asklepios_at_Epidauros?f_ri=112909","dom_id":"work_40178079","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60400471,"asset_id":40178079,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":834708,"first_name":"Jean","last_name":"Vanden Broeck-Parant","domain_name":"uclouvain","page_name":"JeanVandenBroeckParant","display_name":"Jean Vanden Broeck-Parant","profile_url":"https://uclouvain.academia.edu/JeanVandenBroeckParant?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/834708/420213/19532448/s65_jean.vanden_broeck-parant.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":74509,"name":"Ancient Greek Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_Architecture?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":112909,"name":"Architectural Energetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_42839809" data-work_id="42839809" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/42839809/Studying_Architectural_Energetics_Body_and_Mind_in_its_Social_Setting">Studying Architectural Energetics - Body and Mind in its Social Setting</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/42839809" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="76480c2db540d14ed65e8da48c7f459f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65648958,"asset_id":42839809,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65648958/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNTQ4MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="798847" href="https://independentresearcher.academia.edu/FelixLevenson">Felix Levenson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="798847" type="text/json">{"id":798847,"first_name":"Felix","last_name":"Levenson","domain_name":"independentresearcher","page_name":"FelixLevenson","display_name":"Felix Levenson","profile_url":"https://independentresearcher.academia.edu/FelixLevenson?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/798847/318376/26516137/s65_felix.levenson.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_42839809 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="42839809"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 42839809, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_42839809", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_42839809 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42839809; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_42839809"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_42839809 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="42839809"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42839809; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42839809]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_42839809").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_42839809").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="42839809"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1372" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture">Architecture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1372" type="text/json">{"id":1372,"name":"Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="112909" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics">Architectural Energetics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="112909" type="text/json">{"id":112909,"name":"Architectural Energetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=42839809]'), work: {"id":42839809,"title":"Studying Architectural Energetics - Body and Mind in its Social Setting","created_at":"2020-04-24T04:19:41.707-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/42839809/Studying_Architectural_Energetics_Body_and_Mind_in_its_Social_Setting?f_ri=112909","dom_id":"work_42839809","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65648958,"asset_id":42839809,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":798847,"first_name":"Felix","last_name":"Levenson","domain_name":"independentresearcher","page_name":"FelixLevenson","display_name":"Felix Levenson","profile_url":"https://independentresearcher.academia.edu/FelixLevenson?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/798847/318376/26516137/s65_felix.levenson.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":1372,"name":"Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":112909,"name":"Architectural Energetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38044774" data-work_id="38044774" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38044774/Comparative_labour_rates_in_cross_cultural_contexts">Comparative labour rates in cross-cultural contexts</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper focuses on the logistics of preindustrial construction and the potential for a comparative method. A comparative method is advocated here due to the proliferation of isolated approaches that have led to false equivalencies in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38044774" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper focuses on the logistics of preindustrial construction and the potential for a comparative method. A comparative method is advocated here due to the proliferation of isolated approaches that have led to false equivalencies in labour costs. Simply put, future labour studies would benefit from a quick-reference guide of task rates, and this paper aims to jump-start that process with the least problematic—and most prominently reported—task rates in manual earthmoving.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38044774" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ebca2f0e4f75b1004bbe66aa332c846c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58069111,"asset_id":38044774,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58069111/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNTQ4MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="40777062" href="https://leidenuniv.academia.edu/DanielRTurner">Daniel R Turner</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="40777062" type="text/json">{"id":40777062,"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Turner","domain_name":"leidenuniv","page_name":"DanielRTurner","display_name":"Daniel R Turner","profile_url":"https://leidenuniv.academia.edu/DanielRTurner?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/40777062/19215391/19158162/s65_daniel_r.turner.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38044774 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38044774"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38044774, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38044774", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_38044774 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38044774; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_38044774"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_38044774 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38044774"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38044774; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38044774]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38044774").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38044774").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38044774"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="82447" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthen_Architecture">Earthen Architecture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="82447" type="text/json">{"id":82447,"name":"Earthen Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthen_Architecture?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="112909" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics">Architectural Energetics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="112909" type="text/json">{"id":112909,"name":"Architectural Energetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38044774]'), work: {"id":38044774,"title":"Comparative labour rates in cross-cultural contexts","created_at":"2018-12-26T23:42:17.301-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38044774/Comparative_labour_rates_in_cross_cultural_contexts?f_ri=112909","dom_id":"work_38044774","summary":"This paper focuses on the logistics of preindustrial construction and the potential for a comparative method. A comparative method is advocated here due to the proliferation of isolated approaches that have led to false equivalencies in labour costs. Simply put, future labour studies would benefit from a quick-reference guide of task rates, and this paper aims to jump-start that process with the least problematic—and most prominently reported—task rates in manual earthmoving.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58069111,"asset_id":38044774,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":40777062,"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Turner","domain_name":"leidenuniv","page_name":"DanielRTurner","display_name":"Daniel R Turner","profile_url":"https://leidenuniv.academia.edu/DanielRTurner?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/40777062/19215391/19158162/s65_daniel_r.turner.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":82447,"name":"Earthen Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthen_Architecture?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":112909,"name":"Architectural Energetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34450151" data-work_id="34450151" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34450151/Architectural_Energetics_and_the_Construction_of_Circle_2_Los_Guachimontones_Jalisco">Architectural Energetics and the Construction of Circle 2, Los Guachimontones, Jalisco</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Labor organization above the household level is necessary to construct monumental buildings. The method of labor organization can differ between cultures depending on the capital utilized, the size of the population, and the labor... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34450151" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Labor organization above the household level is necessary to construct monumental buildings. The method of labor organization can differ between cultures depending on the capital utilized, the size of the population, and the labor required for construction. Labor organization strategies range from work exchanges to corvée labor. This thesis analyzes a circular temple structure at the site of Los Guachimontones, Jalisco, Mexico in order to understand how the Teuchitlán culture may have organized labor.<br /><br />Los Guachimontones is located on a hill overlooking the town of Teuchitlán in north- central Jalisco. The site has been occupied since the Middle Formative period (1000 – 300 B.C.), but construction on its circular temples did not begin until the Late Formative (300 – 100 B.C.). The temples located at Los Guachimontones are some of the largest temples in the region. Circle 2, the most complete excavated temple at the site, is the second largest temple and is the focus of this thesis. The data for Circle 2 provides insight into how the Teuchitlán culture may have organized the necessary labor and how they were politically organized.<br /><br />Three different political models have been proposed for the Teuchitlán culture. Each political model proposes a different method for the organization of labor. This thesis analyzes Circle 2 using architectural energetics in order to estimate the amount of labor needed to construct the temple. The estimated amount of labor is then compared to the proposed<br /><br />political models, the quality of construction, and logistical constraints. Based on these comparisons, I propose that the Teuchitlán culture made use of both collective labor and corvée labor in order to construct Circle 2. Collective labor was used to recruit a large amount of labor to construct the patio that served as a base for the temple. Corvée labor was then employed by elites in order to recruit family or close relationships to construct the rest of Circle 2 over five subsequent construction periods. I argue that the use of these two forms of labor organization supports the model of collective governance consisting of elite lineages for the Teuchitlán culture.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34450151" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9e3f931ada2d3bac15832f03b11002f3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54324015,"asset_id":34450151,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54324015/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNTQ4MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="67845556" href="https://utsa.academia.edu/AnthonyDeLuca">Anthony J DeLuca</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="67845556" type="text/json">{"id":67845556,"first_name":"Anthony","last_name":"DeLuca","domain_name":"utsa","page_name":"AnthonyDeLuca","display_name":"Anthony J DeLuca","profile_url":"https://utsa.academia.edu/AnthonyDeLuca?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/67845556/17636336/20623581/s65_anthony.deluca.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34450151 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34450151"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34450151, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34450151", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_34450151 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34450151; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_34450151"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_34450151 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="34450151"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34450151; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34450151]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_34450151").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_34450151").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="34450151"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4651" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mesoamerican_Archaeology">Mesoamerican Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4651" type="text/json">{"id":4651,"name":"Mesoamerican Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mesoamerican_Archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="24829" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mesoamerica">Mesoamerica</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="24829" type="text/json">{"id":24829,"name":"Mesoamerica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mesoamerica?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="35681" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/West_Mexico_Archaeology_">West Mexico (Archaeology)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="35681" type="text/json">{"id":35681,"name":"West Mexico (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/West_Mexico_Archaeology_?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=34450151]'), work: {"id":34450151,"title":"Architectural Energetics and the Construction of Circle 2, Los Guachimontones, Jalisco","created_at":"2017-09-03T06:38:18.935-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/34450151/Architectural_Energetics_and_the_Construction_of_Circle_2_Los_Guachimontones_Jalisco?f_ri=112909","dom_id":"work_34450151","summary":"Labor organization above the household level is necessary to construct monumental buildings. The method of labor organization can differ between cultures depending on the capital utilized, the size of the population, and the labor required for construction. Labor organization strategies range from work exchanges to corvée labor. This thesis analyzes a circular temple structure at the site of Los Guachimontones, Jalisco, Mexico in order to understand how the Teuchitlán culture may have organized labor.\n\nLos Guachimontones is located on a hill overlooking the town of Teuchitlán in north- central Jalisco. The site has been occupied since the Middle Formative period (1000 – 300 B.C.), but construction on its circular temples did not begin until the Late Formative (300 – 100 B.C.). The temples located at Los Guachimontones are some of the largest temples in the region. Circle 2, the most complete excavated temple at the site, is the second largest temple and is the focus of this thesis. The data for Circle 2 provides insight into how the Teuchitlán culture may have organized the necessary labor and how they were politically organized.\n\nThree different political models have been proposed for the Teuchitlán culture. Each political model proposes a different method for the organization of labor. This thesis analyzes Circle 2 using architectural energetics in order to estimate the amount of labor needed to construct the temple. The estimated amount of labor is then compared to the proposed\n\npolitical models, the quality of construction, and logistical constraints. Based on these comparisons, I propose that the Teuchitlán culture made use of both collective labor and corvée labor in order to construct Circle 2. Collective labor was used to recruit a large amount of labor to construct the patio that served as a base for the temple. Corvée labor was then employed by elites in order to recruit family or close relationships to construct the rest of Circle 2 over five subsequent construction periods. I argue that the use of these two forms of labor organization supports the model of collective governance consisting of elite lineages for the Teuchitlán culture.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54324015,"asset_id":34450151,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":67845556,"first_name":"Anthony","last_name":"DeLuca","domain_name":"utsa","page_name":"AnthonyDeLuca","display_name":"Anthony J DeLuca","profile_url":"https://utsa.academia.edu/AnthonyDeLuca?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/67845556/17636336/20623581/s65_anthony.deluca.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":4651,"name":"Mesoamerican Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mesoamerican_Archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":24829,"name":"Mesoamerica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mesoamerica?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":35681,"name":"West Mexico (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/West_Mexico_Archaeology_?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":49532,"name":"Jalisco","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jalisco?f_ri=112909"},{"id":112909,"name":"Architectural Energetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics?f_ri=112909"},{"id":172047,"name":"West Mexico","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/West_Mexico?f_ri=112909"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_74016909" data-work_id="74016909" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/74016909/Permanence_in_becoming_A_study_into_the_role_of_labour_investment_in_processes_of_social_change_and_the_creation_of_meaning_in_the_north_cemetery_at_Ayios_Vasileios">Permanence in becoming; A study into the role of labour investment in processes of social change and the creation of meaning in the north cemetery at Ayios Vasileios</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper was presented at the international conference entitled “Middle and Late Helladic Laconia. Competing principalities?”, which was held in Athens on 12‑13 April 2019 and co-organized by the Netherlands Institute at Athens (NIA),... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_74016909" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper was presented at the international conference entitled “Middle and Late Helladic Laconia. Competing principalities?”, which was held in Athens on 12‑13 April 2019 and co-organized by the Netherlands Institute at Athens (NIA), the Ephorate of Antiquities of Laconia and the University of Groningen.<br /><br />Abstract:<br />Architecture in the Mycenaean period was always an important medium to express social, political, economic, and ideological considerations. In this paper, I study the architecture of the tombs from the North Cemetery of Ayios Vasileios in terms of their energy expenditure. The method of Architectural Energetics is applied to calculate the amount of work-hours that was spent on the construction of each tomb and their parts. The investment of labour is in this paper interpreted as a social strategy whereby each builder is complexly embedded within the social, political and economic environment. It is argued that by trying to understand small-scale agentive practices and their material expressions on a more local scale, large scale spatial, temporal, and social realities may be grasped.<br />In the discussion, I first go into the role labour investment seems to play in the creation of meaning in the built environment. I argue that labour intensive building materials play the biggest role in the creation of meaning in the built environment at Ayios Vasileios. These building materials, phyllite and schist, seem to accommodate the increasing ritualisation of the funerary sphere. I then focus on the effects of labour investment on processes of social reproduction. Again, I argue that the most labour intensive materials allow certain building groups to extent their social network and integrate broader social relations. In this way, the investment, mobilisation and manipulation of labour are suggested to form an integral part of the processes that cause social change to occur in Ayios Vasileios.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/74016909" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d4b7c7a9657dc33013048ae75b64006d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":82322822,"asset_id":74016909,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82322822/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNTQ4MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4619466" href="https://rug.academia.edu/YoupvandenBeld">Youp van den Beld</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4619466" type="text/json">{"id":4619466,"first_name":"Youp","last_name":"van den Beld","domain_name":"rug","page_name":"YoupvandenBeld","display_name":"Youp van den Beld","profile_url":"https://rug.academia.edu/YoupvandenBeld?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4619466/1930670/18996536/s65_youp.van_den_beld.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_74016909 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="74016909"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 74016909, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_74016909", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_74016909 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 74016909; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_74016909"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_74016909 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="74016909"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 74016909; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=74016909]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_74016909").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_74016909").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="74016909"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="206" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Change">Social Change</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="206" type="text/json">{"id":206,"name":"Social Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Change?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1372" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture">Architecture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1372" type="text/json">{"id":1372,"name":"Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7872" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Building_Materials_Archaeology_">Building Materials (Archaeology)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7872" type="text/json">{"id":7872,"name":"Building Materials (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Building_Materials_Archaeology_?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8516" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Funerary_Archaeology">Funerary Archaeology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8516" type="text/json">{"id":8516,"name":"Funerary Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Funerary_Archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=74016909]'), work: {"id":74016909,"title":"Permanence in becoming; A study into the role of labour investment in processes of social change and the creation of meaning in the north cemetery at Ayios Vasileios","created_at":"2022-03-18T07:50:11.497-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/74016909/Permanence_in_becoming_A_study_into_the_role_of_labour_investment_in_processes_of_social_change_and_the_creation_of_meaning_in_the_north_cemetery_at_Ayios_Vasileios?f_ri=112909","dom_id":"work_74016909","summary":"This paper was presented at the international conference entitled “Middle and Late Helladic Laconia. Competing principalities?”, which was held in Athens on 12‑13 April 2019 and co-organized by the Netherlands Institute at Athens (NIA), the Ephorate of Antiquities of Laconia and the University of Groningen.\n\nAbstract:\nArchitecture in the Mycenaean period was always an important medium to express social, political, economic, and ideological considerations. In this paper, I study the architecture of the tombs from the North Cemetery of Ayios Vasileios in terms of their energy expenditure. The method of Architectural Energetics is applied to calculate the amount of work-hours that was spent on the construction of each tomb and their parts. The investment of labour is in this paper interpreted as a social strategy whereby each builder is complexly embedded within the social, political and economic environment. It is argued that by trying to understand small-scale agentive practices and their material expressions on a more local scale, large scale spatial, temporal, and social realities may be grasped.\nIn the discussion, I first go into the role labour investment seems to play in the creation of meaning in the built environment. I argue that labour intensive building materials play the biggest role in the creation of meaning in the built environment at Ayios Vasileios. These building materials, phyllite and schist, seem to accommodate the increasing ritualisation of the funerary sphere. I then focus on the effects of labour investment on processes of social reproduction. Again, I argue that the most labour intensive materials allow certain building groups to extent their social network and integrate broader social relations. In this way, the investment, mobilisation and manipulation of labour are suggested to form an integral part of the processes that cause social change to occur in Ayios Vasileios.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":82322822,"asset_id":74016909,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4619466,"first_name":"Youp","last_name":"van den Beld","domain_name":"rug","page_name":"YoupvandenBeld","display_name":"Youp van den Beld","profile_url":"https://rug.academia.edu/YoupvandenBeld?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4619466/1930670/18996536/s65_youp.van_den_beld.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":206,"name":"Social Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Change?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":1372,"name":"Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":7872,"name":"Building Materials (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Building_Materials_Archaeology_?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":8516,"name":"Funerary Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Funerary_Archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":14401,"name":"Religion and ritual in prehistory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion_and_ritual_in_prehistory?f_ri=112909"},{"id":21431,"name":"Mycenaean era archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mycenaean_era_archaeology?f_ri=112909"},{"id":39726,"name":"Funerary Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Funerary_Architecture?f_ri=112909"},{"id":41373,"name":"Mycenaean","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mycenaean?f_ri=112909"},{"id":112909,"name":"Architectural Energetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics?f_ri=112909"},{"id":202110,"name":"Minoan and Mycenaean Architecture and Urbanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Minoan_and_Mycenaean_Architecture_and_Urbanism?f_ri=112909"},{"id":444544,"name":"Mycenaean period","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mycenaean_period?f_ri=112909"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35196878" data-work_id="35196878" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35196878/Energ%C3%A9tica_Arquitectural_Interpretaciones_pol%C3%ADticas_econ%C3%B3micas_y_culturales_desde_un_modelo_cuantitativo">Energética Arquitectural: Interpretaciones políticas, económicas y culturales desde un modelo cuantitativo</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">‘Energética arquitectural’ es el análisis de la construcción edilicia en términos de la energía necesaria para la adquisición, transporte, adaptación y emplazamiento de las materias primas utilizadas. Dicha metodología analiza las... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35196878" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">‘Energética arquitectural’ es el análisis de la construcción edilicia en términos de la energía necesaria para la adquisición, transporte, adaptación y emplazamiento de las materias primas utilizadas. Dicha metodología analiza las construcciones, cuantificándolas en términos de esfuerzo (horas de trabajo por persona), sirviendo como análisis sobre el cual se pueden realizar evaluaciones comparativas de aspectos como el poder y complejidad en las sociedades arqueológicas.<br />Recientemente se ha introducido el empleo de herramientas informáticas para desarrollar modelos virtuales respecto a las energías involucradas en la construcción de la arquitectura monumental. Dichos algoritmos generan estimaciones cuantitativas de la materialidad y los hábitats, relacionando variables como demografía, especialización económica y desigualdades sociales.<br />Este trabajo introducirá el concepto de ‘energética arquitectual’, como metodología complementaria a diferentes enfoques interpretativos en la arqueología, en particular la espacial. La finalidad concreta del mismo es doble. Primero, metodológicamente, desarrollar un procedimiento para realizar una cuantificación del esfuerzo invertido en la construcción de las estructuras artificiales de tres sitios de estudio mediante la estimación de los volúmenes concretos de material movilizado, en lugar de una estimación basada sólo en las magnitudes básicas de esas estructuras (alto y ancho), que es lo más habitual en la literatura relacionada. Para cuantificar estos volúmenes se emplearon modelos digitales de elevaciones realizados a partir de datos LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging).<br />Segundo, más interpretativamente, efectuar una comparación de los resultados de dicha cuantificación en los tres sitios elegidos. Estos sitios se adscriben a la segunda Edad del Hierro en el interior de la actual Galicia, pero proceden de zonas para las que se propuso la existencia de contextos socio- políticos de diferente complejidad en ese momento: interior de Lugo, cuenca media del Miño y el área sudoriental de Ourense. Comparar dichos casos permitirá realizar una aportación preliminar al debate acerca de la naturaleza de esas diferencias en las formas de organización social, política y comunitaria entre estas dos regiones del noroeste al final de la Edad del Hierro.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35196878" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c68596bb3d63cd43cf4fb03e557166a9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55057493,"asset_id":35196878,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55057493/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNTQ4MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1044603" href="https://usc-es.academia.edu/MartinCuenca">Martin Cuenca</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1044603" type="text/json">{"id":1044603,"first_name":"Martin","last_name":"Cuenca","domain_name":"usc-es","page_name":"MartinCuenca","display_name":"Martin Cuenca","profile_url":"https://usc-es.academia.edu/MartinCuenca?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1044603/16933640/17148218/s65_martin.cuenca.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35196878 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35196878"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35196878, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35196878", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35196878]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35196878").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35196878").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35196878"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="42197" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iron_Age">Iron Age</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="42197" type="text/json">{"id":42197,"name":"Iron Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iron_Age?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="112909" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics">Architectural Energetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="112909" type="text/json">{"id":112909,"name":"Architectural Energetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="403083" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Castro_Culture">Castro Culture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="403083" type="text/json">{"id":403083,"name":"Castro Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Castro_Culture?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1010596" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Cost">Energy Cost</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1010596" type="text/json">{"id":1010596,"name":"Energy Cost","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Cost?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35196878]'), work: {"id":35196878,"title":"Energética Arquitectural: Interpretaciones políticas, económicas y culturales desde un modelo cuantitativo","created_at":"2017-11-20T05:07:51.203-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35196878/Energ%C3%A9tica_Arquitectural_Interpretaciones_pol%C3%ADticas_econ%C3%B3micas_y_culturales_desde_un_modelo_cuantitativo?f_ri=112909","dom_id":"work_35196878","summary":"\n‘Energética arquitectural’ es el análisis de la construcción edilicia en términos de la energía necesaria para la adquisición, transporte, adaptación y emplazamiento de las materias primas utilizadas. Dicha metodología analiza las construcciones, cuantificándolas en términos de esfuerzo (horas de trabajo por persona), sirviendo como análisis sobre el cual se pueden realizar evaluaciones comparativas de aspectos como el poder y complejidad en las sociedades arqueológicas.\nRecientemente se ha introducido el empleo de herramientas informáticas para desarrollar modelos virtuales respecto a las energías involucradas en la construcción de la arquitectura monumental. Dichos algoritmos generan estimaciones cuantitativas de la materialidad y los hábitats, relacionando variables como demografía, especialización económica y desigualdades sociales.\nEste trabajo introducirá el concepto de ‘energética arquitectual’, como metodología complementaria a diferentes enfoques interpretativos en la arqueología, en particular la espacial. La finalidad concreta del mismo es doble. Primero, metodológicamente, desarrollar un procedimiento para realizar una cuantificación del esfuerzo invertido en la construcción de las estructuras artificiales de tres sitios de estudio mediante la estimación de los volúmenes concretos de material movilizado, en lugar de una estimación basada sólo en las magnitudes básicas de esas estructuras (alto y ancho), que es lo más habitual en la literatura relacionada. Para cuantificar estos volúmenes se emplearon modelos digitales de elevaciones realizados a partir de datos LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging).\nSegundo, más interpretativamente, efectuar una comparación de los resultados de dicha cuantificación en los tres sitios elegidos. Estos sitios se adscriben a la segunda Edad del Hierro en el interior de la actual Galicia, pero proceden de zonas para las que se propuso la existencia de contextos socio- políticos de diferente complejidad en ese momento: interior de Lugo, cuenca media del Miño y el área sudoriental de Ourense. Comparar dichos casos permitirá realizar una aportación preliminar al debate acerca de la naturaleza de esas diferencias en las formas de organización social, política y comunitaria entre estas dos regiones del noroeste al final de la Edad del Hierro.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55057493,"asset_id":35196878,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1044603,"first_name":"Martin","last_name":"Cuenca","domain_name":"usc-es","page_name":"MartinCuenca","display_name":"Martin Cuenca","profile_url":"https://usc-es.academia.edu/MartinCuenca?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1044603/16933640/17148218/s65_martin.cuenca.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":42197,"name":"Iron Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iron_Age?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":112909,"name":"Architectural Energetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":403083,"name":"Castro Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Castro_Culture?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":1010596,"name":"Energy Cost","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Cost?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40500085 coauthored" data-work_id="40500085" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40500085/Labour_mobilization_and_social_change_in_the_North_Cemetery_at_Ayios_Vasilios_Greece">Labour mobilization and social change in the North Cemetery at Ayios Vasilios, Greece</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Research Seminar at the University of Groningen, 8 May 2018. In this seminar we present our research on Early Mycenaean (1700-1450 BC) labour investment and labour mobilization, to be published in an edited volume on Construction... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40500085" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Research Seminar at the University of Groningen, 8 May 2018. <br /><br />In this seminar we present our research on Early Mycenaean (1700-1450 BC) labour investment and labour mobilization, to be published in an edited volume on Construction Economies in the Ancient World. It is based on a 2017 EAA conference session at which we asked to reflect on human investment in large-scale construction, to find ways to measure labour input, and to discuss the impact of building projects on economic and social relations. <br /><br />While most discussion of labour investment focus on monumental structures, we propose to pay attention also to more modest constructions, especially those carried out in periods where the division of labour and the circulation of resources undergo radical change. We argue that the initiation of building projects is an important component in the transformation of reciprocal, segmentary, kin-based social networks to asymmetrical, centralised and competitive political entities, moving beyond architectural energetics approaches based on absolute measurements and towards a new methodology based on relative measures. <br /><br />Our discussion will be based on the North Cemetery at Ayios Vasilios, southern Greece, which predates the Mycenaean palace on the same site. The Early Mycenaean period witnesses pervasive changes, expressed mostly in the mortuary practices: extramural, formal cemeteries replace intramural burials; larger, deeper, and more complex built graves replace simple cists and pits; multiple graves replace earlier single inhumations; rich offerings accompany the dead. It is generally accepted that these changes are part and parcel of the transformation of the mainland societies, i.e. the emergence of social asymmetries and political hierarchies. We focus on variation in the size and construction of the tombs. Indeed the tombs in this period show substantial labour input in the quarrying, transporting and rough working of different types of stone. Our aim is to reconstruct the labour input in the tombs and the cemetery as a whole, and to attempt to reconstruct changing social and kin relations.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40500085" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="18466821bca4d893125a31f4e0ae9797" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60771123,"asset_id":40500085,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60771123/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNTQ4MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="25588765" href="https://gu-se.academia.edu/YannickdeRaaff">Yannick de Raaff</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="25588765" type="text/json">{"id":25588765,"first_name":"Yannick","last_name":"de Raaff","domain_name":"gu-se","page_name":"YannickdeRaaff","display_name":"Yannick de Raaff","profile_url":"https://gu-se.academia.edu/YannickdeRaaff?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25588765/6995562/78554335/s65_yannick.de_raaff.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-40500085">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-40500085"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://rug.academia.edu/YoupvandenBeld">Youp van den Beld</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-40500085'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-40500085').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_40500085 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="40500085"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40500085; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40500085]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_40500085").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_40500085").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40500085"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="399" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology">Prehistoric Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="399" type="text/json">{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1372" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture">Architecture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1372" type="text/json">{"id":1372,"name":"Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8516" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Funerary_Archaeology">Funerary Archaeology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8516" type="text/json">{"id":8516,"name":"Funerary Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Funerary_Archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40500085]'), work: {"id":40500085,"title":"Labour mobilization and social change in the North Cemetery at Ayios Vasilios, Greece","created_at":"2019-10-02T04:08:19.113-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/40500085/Labour_mobilization_and_social_change_in_the_North_Cemetery_at_Ayios_Vasilios_Greece?f_ri=112909","dom_id":"work_40500085","summary":"Research Seminar at the University of Groningen, 8 May 2018. \n\nIn this seminar we present our research on Early Mycenaean (1700-1450 BC) labour investment and labour mobilization, to be published in an edited volume on Construction Economies in the Ancient World. It is based on a 2017 EAA conference session at which we asked to reflect on human investment in large-scale construction, to find ways to measure labour input, and to discuss the impact of building projects on economic and social relations. \n\nWhile most discussion of labour investment focus on monumental structures, we propose to pay attention also to more modest constructions, especially those carried out in periods where the division of labour and the circulation of resources undergo radical change. We argue that the initiation of building projects is an important component in the transformation of reciprocal, segmentary, kin-based social networks to asymmetrical, centralised and competitive political entities, moving beyond architectural energetics approaches based on absolute measurements and towards a new methodology based on relative measures. \n\nOur discussion will be based on the North Cemetery at Ayios Vasilios, southern Greece, which predates the Mycenaean palace on the same site. The Early Mycenaean period witnesses pervasive changes, expressed mostly in the mortuary practices: extramural, formal cemeteries replace intramural burials; larger, deeper, and more complex built graves replace simple cists and pits; multiple graves replace earlier single inhumations; rich offerings accompany the dead. It is generally accepted that these changes are part and parcel of the transformation of the mainland societies, i.e. the emergence of social asymmetries and political hierarchies. We focus on variation in the size and construction of the tombs. Indeed the tombs in this period show substantial labour input in the quarrying, transporting and rough working of different types of stone. Our aim is to reconstruct the labour input in the tombs and the cemetery as a whole, and to attempt to reconstruct changing social and kin relations. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60771123,"asset_id":40500085,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":25588765,"first_name":"Yannick","last_name":"de Raaff","domain_name":"gu-se","page_name":"YannickdeRaaff","display_name":"Yannick de Raaff","profile_url":"https://gu-se.academia.edu/YannickdeRaaff?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25588765/6995562/78554335/s65_yannick.de_raaff.jpg"},{"id":4619466,"first_name":"Youp","last_name":"van den Beld","domain_name":"rug","page_name":"YoupvandenBeld","display_name":"Youp van den Beld","profile_url":"https://rug.academia.edu/YoupvandenBeld?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4619466/1930670/18996536/s65_youp.van_den_beld.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":1372,"name":"Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":8516,"name":"Funerary Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Funerary_Archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":12523,"name":"Bronze Age Europe (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bronze_Age_Europe_Archaeology_?f_ri=112909"},{"id":13515,"name":"Aegean Bronze Age (Bronze Age Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aegean_Bronze_Age_Bronze_Age_Archaeology_?f_ri=112909"},{"id":18032,"name":"Aegean Prehistory (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aegean_Prehistory_Archaeology_?f_ri=112909"},{"id":21431,"name":"Mycenaean era archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mycenaean_era_archaeology?f_ri=112909"},{"id":21432,"name":"Late Bronze Age archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Bronze_Age_archaeology?f_ri=112909"},{"id":25663,"name":"Aegean Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aegean_Archaeology?f_ri=112909"},{"id":33259,"name":"Middle Bronze Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_Bronze_Age?f_ri=112909"},{"id":39726,"name":"Funerary Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Funerary_Architecture?f_ri=112909"},{"id":41373,"name":"Mycenaean","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mycenaean?f_ri=112909"},{"id":42744,"name":"Peloponnese","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peloponnese?f_ri=112909"},{"id":43182,"name":"Ancient Quarrying","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Quarrying?f_ri=112909"},{"id":51123,"name":"Aegean Late Bronze Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aegean_Late_Bronze_Age?f_ri=112909"},{"id":51294,"name":"Aegean Prehistory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aegean_Prehistory?f_ri=112909"},{"id":57161,"name":"Funerary Practices","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Funerary_Practices?f_ri=112909"},{"id":112909,"name":"Architectural Energetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics?f_ri=112909"},{"id":444544,"name":"Mycenaean period","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mycenaean_period?f_ri=112909"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36416511" data-work_id="36416511" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36416511/Building_the_Longest_Water_Supply_System_Large_scale_Construction_in_Constantinople_s_Hinterland">Building the Longest Water Supply System: Large-scale Construction in Constantinople’s Hinterland</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In order to meet the needs of its growing populace, the infrastructure of the new capital of Constantinople was bolstered by many vital megaprojects, many rivalling the scale and intricacy of Imperial Rome. A prime example of this is the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36416511" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In order to meet the needs of its growing populace, the infrastructure of the new capital of Constantinople was bolstered by many vital megaprojects, many rivalling the scale and intricacy of Imperial Rome. A prime example of this is the extensive channel networks of the fourth and fifth centuries, built in the hinterland of Constantinople to supply fresh water from springs hundreds of kilometres away. <br />This paper examines the nature of construction processes and management in the hinterland of late-antique Constantinople using qualitative and quantitative studies of the remaining structures of the long-distance water supply. Through mortar analysis, volumetric and manpower estimations, and simulation modelling, it has become evident that the fourth- and fifth-century lines of water supply of Constantinople would have been two of the largest projects prior to the industrial era.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36416511" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="07885a2e68cca3f55e33b5fddc8dc55d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65044701,"asset_id":36416511,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65044701/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNTQ4MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="365280" href="https://newcastle.academia.edu/RileySnyder">Riley Snyder</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="365280" type="text/json">{"id":365280,"first_name":"Riley","last_name":"Snyder","domain_name":"newcastle","page_name":"RileySnyder","display_name":"Riley Snyder","profile_url":"https://newcastle.academia.edu/RileySnyder?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/365280/101794/2919328/s65_riley.snyder.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36416511 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36416511"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36416511, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36416511", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36416511]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36416511").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36416511").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36416511"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11076" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Antiquity">Late Antiquity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11076" type="text/json">{"id":11076,"name":"Late Antiquity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Antiquity?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15264" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Work_and_Labour">Work and Labour</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15264" type="text/json">{"id":15264,"name":"Work and Labour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Work_and_Labour?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="29261" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_mortars">Roman mortars</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="29261" type="text/json">{"id":29261,"name":"Roman mortars","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_mortars?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="42180" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constantinople">Constantinople</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="42180" type="text/json">{"id":42180,"name":"Constantinople","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constantinople?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36416511]'), work: {"id":36416511,"title":"Building the Longest Water Supply System: Large-scale Construction in Constantinople’s Hinterland","created_at":"2018-04-16T01:05:07.004-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36416511/Building_the_Longest_Water_Supply_System_Large_scale_Construction_in_Constantinople_s_Hinterland?f_ri=112909","dom_id":"work_36416511","summary":"In order to meet the needs of its growing populace, the infrastructure of the new capital of Constantinople was bolstered by many vital megaprojects, many rivalling the scale and intricacy of Imperial Rome. A prime example of this is the extensive channel networks of the fourth and fifth centuries, built in the hinterland of Constantinople to supply fresh water from springs hundreds of kilometres away. \nThis paper examines the nature of construction processes and management in the hinterland of late-antique Constantinople using qualitative and quantitative studies of the remaining structures of the long-distance water supply. Through mortar analysis, volumetric and manpower estimations, and simulation modelling, it has become evident that the fourth- and fifth-century lines of water supply of Constantinople would have been two of the largest projects prior to the industrial era.\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65044701,"asset_id":36416511,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":365280,"first_name":"Riley","last_name":"Snyder","domain_name":"newcastle","page_name":"RileySnyder","display_name":"Riley Snyder","profile_url":"https://newcastle.academia.edu/RileySnyder?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/365280/101794/2919328/s65_riley.snyder.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":11076,"name":"Late Antiquity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Antiquity?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":15264,"name":"Work and Labour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Work_and_Labour?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":29261,"name":"Roman mortars","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_mortars?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":42180,"name":"Constantinople","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constantinople?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":112909,"name":"Architectural Energetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics?f_ri=112909"},{"id":430933,"name":"Roman aqueducts and water supply","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_aqueducts_and_water_supply?f_ri=112909"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_39013587" data-work_id="39013587" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39013587/Towards_a_Multiscalar_Comparative_Approach_to_Power_Relations_Political_Dimensions_of_Urban_Construction_at_Teotihuacan_and_Copan">Towards a Multiscalar Comparative Approach to Power Relations: Political Dimensions of Urban Construction at Teotihuacan and Copan</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39013587" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6f233760475ac118309b870401b9d903" rel="nofollow" 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mesoamerican_Archaeology">Mesoamerican Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4651" type="text/json">{"id":4651,"name":"Mesoamerican Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mesoamerican_Archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9437" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urbanism">Urbanism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9437" type="text/json">{"id":9437,"name":"Urbanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urbanism?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17715" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maya_Archaeology">Maya Archaeology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="17715" type="text/json">{"id":17715,"name":"Maya Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maya_Archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=39013587]'), work: {"id":39013587,"title":"Towards a Multiscalar Comparative Approach to Power Relations: Political Dimensions of Urban Construction at Teotihuacan and Copan","created_at":"2019-05-03T18:08:53.561-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/39013587/Towards_a_Multiscalar_Comparative_Approach_to_Power_Relations_Political_Dimensions_of_Urban_Construction_at_Teotihuacan_and_Copan?f_ri=112909","dom_id":"work_39013587","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":59122696,"asset_id":39013587,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":26520212,"first_name":"Tatsuya","last_name":"Murakami","domain_name":"tulane","page_name":"TatsuyaMurakami","display_name":"Tatsuya Murakami","profile_url":"https://tulane.academia.edu/TatsuyaMurakami?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/26520212/10248982/11437873/s65_tatsuya.murakami.jpg_oh_52203962d87412cf1f13ac371430594c_oe_566184dd___gda___1449398290_138da8fce2ca61d01c95f42e3d4e0158"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1372,"name":"Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":4651,"name":"Mesoamerican Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mesoamerican_Archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":9437,"name":"Urbanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urbanism?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":17715,"name":"Maya Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maya_Archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":17759,"name":"Teotihuacan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teotihuacan?f_ri=112909"},{"id":79548,"name":"Arquitetura e Urbanismo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arquitetura_e_Urbanismo?f_ri=112909"},{"id":112909,"name":"Architectural Energetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics?f_ri=112909"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_41200766" data-work_id="41200766" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41200766/Inscriptions_and_architectural_energetics_quantifying_Classical_and_Hellenistic_construction">Inscriptions and architectural energetics:  quantifying Classical and Hellenistic construction</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a 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class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="834708" href="https://uclouvain.academia.edu/JeanVandenBroeckParant">Jean Vanden Broeck-Parant</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="834708" type="text/json">{"id":834708,"first_name":"Jean","last_name":"Vanden Broeck-Parant","domain_name":"uclouvain","page_name":"JeanVandenBroeckParant","display_name":"Jean Vanden Broeck-Parant","profile_url":"https://uclouvain.academia.edu/JeanVandenBroeckParant?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/834708/420213/19532448/s65_jean.vanden_broeck-parant.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41200766 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41200766"><i 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_Archaeology">Greek Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17618" type="text/json">{"id":17618,"name":"Greek Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_Archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="74509" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_Architecture">Ancient Greek Architecture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="74509" type="text/json">{"id":74509,"name":"Ancient Greek Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_Architecture?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="112909" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics">Architectural Energetics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="112909" type="text/json">{"id":112909,"name":"Architectural Energetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=41200766]'), work: {"id":41200766,"title":"Inscriptions and architectural energetics: \u2028quantifying Classical and Hellenistic construction","created_at":"2019-12-06T03:12:39.836-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/41200766/Inscriptions_and_architectural_energetics_quantifying_Classical_and_Hellenistic_construction?f_ri=112909","dom_id":"work_41200766","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61440292,"asset_id":41200766,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":834708,"first_name":"Jean","last_name":"Vanden Broeck-Parant","domain_name":"uclouvain","page_name":"JeanVandenBroeckParant","display_name":"Jean Vanden Broeck-Parant","profile_url":"https://uclouvain.academia.edu/JeanVandenBroeckParant?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/834708/420213/19532448/s65_jean.vanden_broeck-parant.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":17618,"name":"Greek Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_Archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":74509,"name":"Ancient Greek Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_Architecture?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":112909,"name":"Architectural Energetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44232304" data-work_id="44232304" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44232304/EAA_Budapest_2020_Session_160">EAA Budapest 2020 Session 160</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Les constructions de la communauté de la Heuneburg au VIe siècle av. J.-C. De 600 à 540 av. J.-C., la communauté de la Heuneburg, située au sud de l’Allemagne actuelle sur le cours du Danube, s’est développée autour d’une ville haute et... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44232304" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Les constructions de la communauté de la Heuneburg au VIe siècle av. J.-C.<br /><br />De 600 à 540 av. J.-C., la communauté de la Heuneburg, située au sud de l’Allemagne actuelle sur le cours du Danube, s’est développée autour d’une ville haute et d’une ville basse, entourées de parcelles agricoles, sur une surface d’environ 100 ha. Cette communauté a construit des fortifications, des tertres géants, des habitations et des bâtiments agricoles. Certains de ces édifices ont dû être reconstruits, ou modifiés et en tout cas maintenus pendant toute cette période, tout en continuant les activités agricoles et artisanales nécessaires à l’économie de l’agglomération.<br />Quelle organisation cette communauté a-t-elle donc mis en œuvre ?<br />Une étude détaillée de tous les temps de construction a été réalisée en choisissant les temps de travail par tâche les plus appropriés, de 4 à 30 tâches suivants les édifices, de l’approvisionnement des matières premières aux finitions. A partir de cette étude, plusieurs scenarios ont été envisagés et des plannings ont été imaginés en fonction de l’estimation de la population active, des temps nécessaires à ces constructions et à ces activités.<br /><br />The constructions of the community of the Heuneburg during the first part of the 6th century.<br /><br />Between 600 and 540 BC, along the Upper Danube valley in southwestern Germany, the community of the Heuneburg grew around an upper town and a lower town protected by mudbrick fortifications, surrounded by an an outer settlement divided into quarters by a system of banks and ditches.<br />This community constructed fortifications, large earthworks, housings and agricultural buildings. Some of these constructions had to be rebuilt or modified during the period, or at least maintained, while conducting agricultural and artisanal activities necessary to the economy.<br />Which organisation did this community implement ?<br />In this paper, I present a detailed analysis of the labor and time spent to construct all these projects, choosing the most appropriate task rates, from the supply of raw materials to the finishings, among dozens to hundreds of published values for each task. Based on the results obtained, several scenarios were considered and schedules have been worked out, taking into account the labour force estimation and the time required for these constructions and activities.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44232304" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9b5136e46e3df6c1adf7189134981284" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64601899,"asset_id":44232304,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64601899/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNTQ4MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="17593650" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Fran%C3%A7oisREMISE">François REMISE</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="17593650" type="text/json">{"id":17593650,"first_name":"François","last_name":"REMISE","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FrançoisREMISE","display_name":"François REMISE","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Fran%C3%A7oisREMISE?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/17593650/12981076/14340902/s65_fran_ois.remise.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44232304 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44232304"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44232304, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44232304", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44232304]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44232304").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44232304").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44232304"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="112909" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics">Architectural Energetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="112909" type="text/json">{"id":112909,"name":"Architectural Energetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1525048" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heuneburg">Heuneburg</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1525048" type="text/json">{"id":1525048,"name":"Heuneburg","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heuneburg?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44232304]'), work: {"id":44232304,"title":"EAA Budapest 2020 Session 160","created_at":"2020-10-05T07:27:02.609-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44232304/EAA_Budapest_2020_Session_160?f_ri=112909","dom_id":"work_44232304","summary":"Les constructions de la communauté de la Heuneburg au VIe siècle av. J.-C.\n\nDe 600 à 540 av. J.-C., la communauté de la Heuneburg, située au sud de l’Allemagne actuelle sur le cours du Danube, s’est développée autour d’une ville haute et d’une ville basse, entourées de parcelles agricoles, sur une surface d’environ 100 ha. Cette communauté a construit des fortifications, des tertres géants, des habitations et des bâtiments agricoles. Certains de ces édifices ont dû être reconstruits, ou modifiés et en tout cas maintenus pendant toute cette période, tout en continuant les activités agricoles et artisanales nécessaires à l’économie de l’agglomération.\nQuelle organisation cette communauté a-t-elle donc mis en œuvre ?\nUne étude détaillée de tous les temps de construction a été réalisée en choisissant les temps de travail par tâche les plus appropriés, de 4 à 30 tâches suivants les édifices, de l’approvisionnement des matières premières aux finitions. A partir de cette étude, plusieurs scenarios ont été envisagés et des plannings ont été imaginés en fonction de l’estimation de la population active, des temps nécessaires à ces constructions et à ces activités.\n\nThe constructions of the community of the Heuneburg during the first part of the 6th century.\n\nBetween 600 and 540 BC, along the Upper Danube valley in southwestern Germany, the community of the Heuneburg grew around an upper town and a lower town protected by mudbrick fortifications, surrounded by an an outer settlement divided into quarters by a system of banks and ditches.\nThis community constructed fortifications, large earthworks, housings and agricultural buildings. Some of these constructions had to be rebuilt or modified during the period, or at least maintained, while conducting agricultural and artisanal activities necessary to the economy.\nWhich organisation did this community implement ?\nIn this paper, I present a detailed analysis of the labor and time spent to construct all these projects, choosing the most appropriate task rates, from the supply of raw materials to the finishings, among dozens to hundreds of published values for each task. Based on the results obtained, several scenarios were considered and schedules have been worked out, taking into account the labour force estimation and the time required for these constructions and activities.\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64601899,"asset_id":44232304,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":17593650,"first_name":"François","last_name":"REMISE","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FrançoisREMISE","display_name":"François REMISE","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Fran%C3%A7oisREMISE?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/17593650/12981076/14340902/s65_fran_ois.remise.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":112909,"name":"Architectural Energetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":1525048,"name":"Heuneburg","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heuneburg?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40999408" data-work_id="40999408" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40999408/Quantifier_la_construction_en_Gre_ce_aux_e_poques_classique_et_helle_nistique_vieux_dossier_nouvelles_perspectives">Quantifier la construction en Grèce aux époques classique et hellénistique : vieux dossier, nouvelles perspectives</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40999408" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9479f87b01e815e3b257dda86df8466c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61280443,"asset_id":40999408,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61280443/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNTQ4MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="834708" href="https://uclouvain.academia.edu/JeanVandenBroeckParant">Jean Vanden Broeck-Parant</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="834708" type="text/json">{"id":834708,"first_name":"Jean","last_name":"Vanden Broeck-Parant","domain_name":"uclouvain","page_name":"JeanVandenBroeckParant","display_name":"Jean Vanden Broeck-Parant","profile_url":"https://uclouvain.academia.edu/JeanVandenBroeckParant?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/834708/420213/19532448/s65_jean.vanden_broeck-parant.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40999408 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40999408"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40999408, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40999408", }); 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The Teuchitlán... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36412647" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Teuchitlán culture is one of many cultures in West Mexico during the Late Formative to Classic periods (300 B.C. – 450/500 AD) that share in the tradition of burying some of their dead in shaft and chamber tombs. The Teuchitlán culture is noteworthy among their contemporaries for the large number of circular ceremonial buildings concentrated around the Tequila volcano and surrounding valleys. Los Guachimontones, located on the southern side of the volcano, is the largest site in the region with the largest number of public architecture and highest concentration of people. One such building, Circle 2, is among the largest documented guachimontones in the region. An architectural energetics analysis of Circle 2 has modeled how lineage based elites within a corporate system at Los Guachimontones may have organized labor for construction. The variable construction represented within Circle 2 suggests multiple labor recruitment strategies were employed. A labor collective was used to construct the foundational patio of Circle 2 followed by elites employing corvée labor to finish the other architectural features. The switch from cooperation to competition suggests alliances were temporary and geared towards aiding the community through the construction of public architecture.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36412647" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e4f55e1b370c107505b241e065c73dcb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56324688,"asset_id":36412647,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56324688/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNTQ4MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="67845556" href="https://utsa.academia.edu/AnthonyDeLuca">Anthony J DeLuca</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="67845556" type="text/json">{"id":67845556,"first_name":"Anthony","last_name":"DeLuca","domain_name":"utsa","page_name":"AnthonyDeLuca","display_name":"Anthony J DeLuca","profile_url":"https://utsa.academia.edu/AnthonyDeLuca?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/67845556/17636336/20623581/s65_anthony.deluca.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36412647 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36412647"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36412647, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36412647", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36412647]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36412647").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36412647").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36412647"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4651" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mesoamerican_Archaeology">Mesoamerican Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4651" type="text/json">{"id":4651,"name":"Mesoamerican Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mesoamerican_Archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5604" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Collective_Action">Collective Action</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5604" type="text/json">{"id":5604,"name":"Collective Action","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Collective_Action?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16362" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Labor_Organizations">Labor Organizations</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="16362" type="text/json">{"id":16362,"name":"Labor Organizations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Labor_Organizations?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36412647]'), work: {"id":36412647,"title":"From Cooperation to Competition: An Architectural Energetics Analysis of Labor Organization for the Construction of Circle 2 at Los Guachimontones, Jalisco, Mexico","created_at":"2018-04-15T11:08:38.567-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36412647/From_Cooperation_to_Competition_An_Architectural_Energetics_Analysis_of_Labor_Organization_for_the_Construction_of_Circle_2_at_Los_Guachimontones_Jalisco_Mexico?f_ri=112909","dom_id":"work_36412647","summary":"The Teuchitlán culture is one of many cultures in West Mexico during the Late Formative to Classic periods (300 B.C. – 450/500 AD) that share in the tradition of burying some of their dead in shaft and chamber tombs. The Teuchitlán culture is noteworthy among their contemporaries for the large number of circular ceremonial buildings concentrated around the Tequila volcano and surrounding valleys. Los Guachimontones, located on the southern side of the volcano, is the largest site in the region with the largest number of public architecture and highest concentration of people. One such building, Circle 2, is among the largest documented guachimontones in the region. An architectural energetics analysis of Circle 2 has modeled how lineage based elites within a corporate system at Los Guachimontones may have organized labor for construction. The variable construction represented within Circle 2 suggests multiple labor recruitment strategies were employed. A labor collective was used to construct the foundational patio of Circle 2 followed by elites employing corvée labor to finish the other architectural features. The switch from cooperation to competition suggests alliances were temporary and geared towards aiding the community through the construction of public architecture.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56324688,"asset_id":36412647,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":67845556,"first_name":"Anthony","last_name":"DeLuca","domain_name":"utsa","page_name":"AnthonyDeLuca","display_name":"Anthony J DeLuca","profile_url":"https://utsa.academia.edu/AnthonyDeLuca?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/67845556/17636336/20623581/s65_anthony.deluca.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":4651,"name":"Mesoamerican Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mesoamerican_Archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":5604,"name":"Collective Action","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Collective_Action?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":16362,"name":"Labor Organizations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Labor_Organizations?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":35681,"name":"West Mexico (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/West_Mexico_Archaeology_?f_ri=112909"},{"id":112909,"name":"Architectural Energetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics?f_ri=112909"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38266745 coauthored" data-work_id="38266745" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38266745/Modelling_building_costs_from_3D_building_models_Estimating_the_construction_effort_from_image_based_surface_models_of_dry_stone_shepherd_shelters_Kras_Slovenia_">Modelling building costs from 3D building models – Estimating the construction effort from image-based surface models of dry-stone shepherd shelters (Kras, Slovenia)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In the second half of the 19th and early 20th century, sheep shepherds have built dry-stone shelters all over the Slovene Kras (or Karst) region. Despite being made out of stones that are interlocked without the use of any binding... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38266745" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In the second half of the 19th and early 20th century, sheep shepherds have built dry-stone shelters all over the Slovene Kras (or Karst) region. Despite being made out of stones that are interlocked without the use of any binding material, many of these vernacular constructions survived – even though sometimes only partially – the ravages of time. The fact that over one hundred fifty shepherd shelters are currently known is mainly due to the craftsmanship of their builders and thanks to (and even despite) their present location. A majority of these stone constructions can be found in areas that are nowadays forested, thus shielding them from weather-related or anthropogenic damage (because they are difficult to spot). This paper reports on the geometric documentation of those shelters using a photogrammetric computer vision pipeline, thereby mainly focussing on the difficulties that were encountered during this process. However, such image-based modelling approaches merely yield digital three-dimensional (3D) approximations of the shelters’ surface geometry (along with some sub-optimal colour data). Although these 3D surface models might be suitable to digitally preserve vulnerable vernacular buildings to some extent, they do not magically advance our understanding of them. The second part of this article focuses, therefore, on the extraction of archaeological information from these digital 3D constructions. More specifically, the total amount of stones, the total building time and the building cost regarding caloric energy expenditure are estimated for each of the digitised shelters. Although this assessment of architectural energetics provided useful insight into the building efforts and nutrient uptake of the shepherds, it also revealed many assumptions and shortcomings that often characterise archaeological information extraction from digital 3D models of buildings.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38266745" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1a15b5b9892109af0c12dfef443e284b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58310859,"asset_id":38266745,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58310859/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNTQ4MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4556199" href="https://oeaw.academia.edu/SetaStuhec">Seta Štuhec</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4556199" type="text/json">{"id":4556199,"first_name":"Seta","last_name":"Štuhec","domain_name":"oeaw","page_name":"SetaStuhec","display_name":"Seta Štuhec","profile_url":"https://oeaw.academia.edu/SetaStuhec?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4556199/1889159/6921637/s65_seta._tuhec.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-38266745">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-38266745"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://univie.academia.edu/GeertVerhoeven">Geert J Verhoeven</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/Iztok%C5%A0tuhec">Iztok Štuhec</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-38266745'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-38266745').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_38266745 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38266745"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38266745; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38266745]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38266745").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38266745").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38266745"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="433" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Architecture">Computer Architecture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="433" type="text/json">{"id":433,"name":"Computer Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Architecture?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="854" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Vision">Computer Vision</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="854" type="text/json">{"id":854,"name":"Computer Vision","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Vision?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1282" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Photogrammetry">Photogrammetry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1282" type="text/json">{"id":1282,"name":"Photogrammetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Photogrammetry?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1372" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture">Architecture</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1372" type="text/json">{"id":1372,"name":"Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38266745]'), work: {"id":38266745,"title":"Modelling building costs from 3D building models – Estimating the construction effort from image-based surface models of dry-stone shepherd shelters (Kras, Slovenia)","created_at":"2019-02-01T02:38:20.059-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38266745/Modelling_building_costs_from_3D_building_models_Estimating_the_construction_effort_from_image_based_surface_models_of_dry_stone_shepherd_shelters_Kras_Slovenia_?f_ri=112909","dom_id":"work_38266745","summary":"In the second half of the 19th and early 20th century, sheep shepherds have built dry-stone shelters all over the Slovene Kras (or Karst) region. Despite being made out of stones that are interlocked without the use of any binding material, many of these vernacular constructions survived – even though sometimes only partially – the ravages of time. The fact that over one hundred fifty shepherd shelters are currently known is mainly due to the craftsmanship of their builders and thanks to (and even despite) their present location. A majority of these stone constructions can be found in areas that are nowadays forested, thus shielding them from weather-related or anthropogenic damage (because they are difficult to spot). This paper reports on the geometric documentation of those shelters using a photogrammetric computer vision pipeline, thereby mainly focussing on the difficulties that were encountered during this process. However, such image-based modelling approaches merely yield digital three-dimensional (3D) approximations of the shelters’ surface geometry (along with some sub-optimal colour data). Although these 3D surface models might be suitable to digitally preserve vulnerable vernacular buildings to some extent, they do not magically advance our understanding of them. The second part of this article focuses, therefore, on the extraction of archaeological information from these digital 3D constructions. More specifically, the total amount of stones, the total building time and the building cost regarding caloric energy expenditure are estimated for each of the digitised shelters. Although this assessment of architectural energetics provided useful insight into the building efforts and nutrient uptake of the shepherds, it also revealed many assumptions and shortcomings that often characterise archaeological information extraction from digital 3D models of buildings.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58310859,"asset_id":38266745,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4556199,"first_name":"Seta","last_name":"Štuhec","domain_name":"oeaw","page_name":"SetaStuhec","display_name":"Seta Štuhec","profile_url":"https://oeaw.academia.edu/SetaStuhec?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4556199/1889159/6921637/s65_seta._tuhec.jpg"},{"id":317084,"first_name":"Geert","last_name":"Verhoeven","domain_name":"univie","page_name":"GeertVerhoeven","display_name":"Geert J Verhoeven","profile_url":"https://univie.academia.edu/GeertVerhoeven?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/317084/63515/15577494/s65_geert.verhoeven.jpg"},{"id":101948775,"first_name":"Iztok","last_name":"Štuhec","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IztokŠtuhec","display_name":"Iztok Štuhec","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Iztok%C5%A0tuhec?f_ri=112909","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":433,"name":"Computer Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Architecture?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":854,"name":"Computer Vision","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Vision?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":1282,"name":"Photogrammetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Photogrammetry?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":1372,"name":"Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":3132,"name":"Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanics?f_ri=112909"},{"id":16150,"name":"Karst Environments","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Karst_Environments?f_ri=112909"},{"id":25828,"name":"Digital Photogrammetry applied to Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Photogrammetry_applied_to_Archaeology?f_ri=112909"},{"id":91755,"name":"Energetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energetics?f_ri=112909"},{"id":112909,"name":"Architectural Energetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics?f_ri=112909"},{"id":178709,"name":"Slovenia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Slovenia?f_ri=112909"},{"id":248779,"name":"Dry Stone Walling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dry_Stone_Walling?f_ri=112909"},{"id":289863,"name":"Digital Photogrammetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Photogrammetry?f_ri=112909"},{"id":317404,"name":"Dry Stone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dry_Stone?f_ri=112909"},{"id":391803,"name":"Image Based Modeling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Image_Based_Modeling?f_ri=112909"},{"id":564195,"name":"Multi View Stereo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multi_View_Stereo?f_ri=112909"},{"id":856069,"name":"Structure Form Motion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structure_Form_Motion?f_ri=112909"},{"id":970308,"name":"Shepherds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shepherds?f_ri=112909"},{"id":990540,"name":"Lifting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lifting?f_ri=112909"},{"id":3124484,"name":"Caloric expenditure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Caloric_expenditure?f_ri=112909"},{"id":3124485,"name":"Dry-stone shelter","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dry-stone_shelter?f_ri=112909"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34534551" data-work_id="34534551" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34534551/Three_dimensional_Volumetric_Analysis_in_an_Archaeological_Context">Three-dimensional Volumetric Analysis in an Archaeological Context</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">NB - Monograph is Open Access, available for download at: <a href="http://www.undena.com/BM.html#30" rel="nofollow">http://www.undena.com/BM.html#30</a>. The volume is the final publication of the Royal Palace of Urkesh, built around 2250 BC. Besides offering a detailed architectural analysis of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34534551" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">NB - Monograph is Open Access, available for download at: <a href="http://www.undena.com/BM.html#30" rel="nofollow">http://www.undena.com/BM.html#30</a>. <br /> <br /> The volume is the final publication of the Royal Palace of Urkesh, built around 2250 BC. Besides offering a detailed architectural analysis of the structure, it deals extensively with methodology as a way to draw significant conclusions about the economy and the social setting that made its construction possible. <br /> The analysis in chapters 2 and 6 is a major contribution to our understanding of the public buildings of ancient Urkesh, and of palaces from this region and time period. As a part of this analysis the proportion of perimeter to area was used to support typological definitions of rooms and an access analysis were used. These methods are seldom (if ever) used in the field, but show promise within the framework of architectural analysis. <br /> A second portion of the dissertation focuses on an understanding of the process of construction, combining data from the archaeological record, ethnographic parallels and textual evidence. This approach gives a deep understanding of the process of construction in general, as well as giving a series of 'algorithms' I developed from several sources (archaeological record, experimental archaeology, anthropological studies, textual sources) by which one can quantify the energy invested in the construction project. These algorithms are applicable in general to structures in stone and mudbrick, and as such can be used to define and compare the 'cost' and value of such structures in a meaningful way. This proposes an objective standard of measurement that can be used not only in archaeological, but also in an ethnographic context. <br /> The theoretical considerations brought up in chapter 4 introduce aspects of theory which can be tied to the data presented in this study. Such a link between theory and data is fundamental, and strengthens the understanding of both. One strength of the dissertation lies in the direct tie between the archaeological record and a discussion of more abstract concepts such as ‘monumentality’ and ‘prestige’. <br /> The dissertation then presents a 3D model of the AP Palace at Tell Mozan, done not as an aesthetically appealing product, but as an organic research tool which can adapt to a changing archaeological reality as well as be a heuristic model. Such a model, done 'for archaeologists, by archaeologists', is a versatile tool for archaeology, and has real benefit in both formulating and answering research questions, both in the course of fieldwork as well as in secondary analyses. This 3D model is a telling example of how such a model can contribute to reaching the research goals. <br /> The methodological approach to architectural analysis done hand in hand with ethnographic data and combined with 3D modeling techniques allows for the application of the general algorithms gained in the third chapter to the specific volumetrics of the Urkesh Palace. Such an approach allows archaeologists to better understand concepts such as the value of materials in architecture as related to studies of energetics; an approach which highlights both the individuality of this structure while placing it in a number of very interesting contexts, such as other Mesopotamian monumental structures or palaces from other cultural contexts.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34534551" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="192609" href="https://fu-berlin.academia.edu/FedericoBuccellati">Federico Buccellati</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="192609" type="text/json">{"id":192609,"first_name":"Federico","last_name":"Buccellati","domain_name":"fu-berlin","page_name":"FedericoBuccellati","display_name":"Federico Buccellati","profile_url":"https://fu-berlin.academia.edu/FedericoBuccellati?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/192609/2716136/3162866/s65_federico.buccellati.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34534551 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34534551"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34534551, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34534551", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34534551]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_34534551").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_34534551").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="34534551"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="397" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Near_Eastern_Archaeology">Near Eastern Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="397" type="text/json">{"id":397,"name":"Near Eastern Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Near_Eastern_Archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2065" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Methodology">Research Methodology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2065" type="text/json">{"id":2065,"name":"Research Methodology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Methodology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3791" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mesopotamian_Archaeology">Mesopotamian Archaeology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3791" type="text/json">{"id":3791,"name":"Mesopotamian Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mesopotamian_Archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=34534551]'), work: {"id":34534551,"title":"Three-dimensional Volumetric Analysis in an Archaeological Context","created_at":"2017-09-11T01:58:41.241-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/34534551/Three_dimensional_Volumetric_Analysis_in_an_Archaeological_Context?f_ri=112909","dom_id":"work_34534551","summary":"NB - Monograph is Open Access, available for download at: http://www.undena.com/BM.html#30.\r\n\r\n\tThe volume is the final publication of the Royal Palace of Urkesh, built around 2250 BC. Besides offering a detailed architectural analysis of the structure, it deals extensively with methodology as a way to draw significant conclusions about the economy and the social setting that made its construction possible.\r\n\tThe analysis in chapters 2 and 6 is a major contribution to our understanding of the public buildings of ancient Urkesh, and of palaces from this region and time period. As a part of this analysis the proportion of perimeter to area was used to support typological definitions of rooms and an access analysis were used. These methods are seldom (if ever) used in the field, but show promise within the framework of architectural analysis.\r\n\tA second portion of the dissertation focuses on an understanding of the process of construction, combining data from the archaeological record, ethnographic parallels and textual evidence. This approach gives a deep understanding of the process of construction in general, as well as giving a series of 'algorithms' I developed from several sources (archaeological record, experimental archaeology, anthropological studies, textual sources) by which one can quantify the energy invested in the construction project. These algorithms are applicable in general to structures in stone and mudbrick, and as such can be used to define and compare the 'cost' and value of such structures in a meaningful way. This proposes an objective standard of measurement that can be used not only in archaeological, but also in an ethnographic context.\r\n\tThe theoretical considerations brought up in chapter 4 introduce aspects of theory which can be tied to the data presented in this study. Such a link between theory and data is fundamental, and strengthens the understanding of both. One strength of the dissertation lies in the direct tie between the archaeological record and a discussion of more abstract concepts such as ‘monumentality’ and ‘prestige’.\r\n\tThe dissertation then presents a 3D model of the AP Palace at Tell Mozan, done not as an aesthetically appealing product, but as an organic research tool which can adapt to a changing archaeological reality as well as be a heuristic model. Such a model, done 'for archaeologists, by archaeologists', is a versatile tool for archaeology, and has real benefit in both formulating and answering research questions, both in the course of fieldwork as well as in secondary analyses. This 3D model is a telling example of how such a model can contribute to reaching the research goals.\r\n\tThe methodological approach to architectural analysis done hand in hand with ethnographic data and combined with 3D modeling techniques allows for the application of the general algorithms gained in the third chapter to the specific volumetrics of the Urkesh Palace. Such an approach allows archaeologists to better understand concepts such as the value of materials in architecture as related to studies of energetics; an approach which highlights both the individuality of this structure while placing it in a number of very interesting contexts, such as other Mesopotamian monumental structures or palaces from other cultural contexts.","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":192609,"first_name":"Federico","last_name":"Buccellati","domain_name":"fu-berlin","page_name":"FedericoBuccellati","display_name":"Federico Buccellati","profile_url":"https://fu-berlin.academia.edu/FedericoBuccellati?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/192609/2716136/3162866/s65_federico.buccellati.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":397,"name":"Near Eastern Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Near_Eastern_Archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":2065,"name":"Research Methodology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Methodology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":3791,"name":"Mesopotamian Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mesopotamian_Archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":5346,"name":"Archaeological Method \u0026 Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeological_Method_and_Theory?f_ri=112909"},{"id":13068,"name":"Archaeoanthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeoanthropology?f_ri=112909"},{"id":14254,"name":"Archaeology of Buildings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_Buildings?f_ri=112909"},{"id":16866,"name":"Archaeology of Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_Architecture?f_ri=112909"},{"id":17936,"name":"Ancient Near East","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Near_East?f_ri=112909"},{"id":25566,"name":"Archaeological Fieldwork","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeological_Fieldwork?f_ri=112909"},{"id":32296,"name":"Ancient Near East (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Near_East_Archaeology_?f_ri=112909"},{"id":49052,"name":"History and Archaeology of the Ancient Near East","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_and_Archaeology_of_the_Ancient_Near_East?f_ri=112909"},{"id":54582,"name":"Monumentality in Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monumentality_in_Architecture?f_ri=112909"},{"id":91755,"name":"Energetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energetics?f_ri=112909"},{"id":112909,"name":"Architectural Energetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics?f_ri=112909"},{"id":482506,"name":"Ancient Building Materials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Building_Materials?f_ri=112909"},{"id":854060,"name":"Ancient Building Materials and Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Building_Materials_and_Technology?f_ri=112909"},{"id":1229091,"name":"Volumetric Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Volumetric_Analysis?f_ri=112909"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34450124" data-work_id="34450124" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34450124/An_Architectural_Energetics_Analysis_of_Ceremonial_Architecture_from_the_Teuchitl%C3%A1n_Culture_of_the_Highland_Lakes_Region_of_Jalisco_Mexico">An Architectural Energetics Analysis of Ceremonial Architecture from the Teuchitlán Culture of the Highland Lakes Region of Jalisco, Mexico</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">During the Late Formative to Classic period (300 BC – 450/500 AD) in the highland lakes region of Jalisco, Mexico, a number of concentric circular ceremonial monuments known as guachimontones are the dominant form of temple architecture.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34450124" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">During the Late Formative to Classic period (300 BC – 450/500 AD) in the highland lakes region of Jalisco, Mexico, a number of concentric circular ceremonial monuments known as guachimontones are the dominant form of temple architecture. The largest site in the region is Los Guachimontones near the town of Teuchitlan. The site is thought to have been governed by cooperating/competing familial groups within a corporate framework rather than a single powerful ruler. Each platform that surround the central altar of a guachimonton are thought to correspond to one, or possibly more, of the ruling competing groups based on previous analysis of recovered material culture from excavations. This study performed an architectural energetics analysis of one of the monuments at Los Guachimontones to address this issue. Based on the analysis, questions on quality of construction between platforms, significant difference in sizes of platforms, and how labor was organized between these groups were addressed and how the answers relate to existing models for the site.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34450124" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3dc4be38a4dd4e59fea627ab97b1eabd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54323992,"asset_id":34450124,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54323992/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNTQ4MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="67845556" href="https://utsa.academia.edu/AnthonyDeLuca">Anthony J DeLuca</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="67845556" type="text/json">{"id":67845556,"first_name":"Anthony","last_name":"DeLuca","domain_name":"utsa","page_name":"AnthonyDeLuca","display_name":"Anthony J DeLuca","profile_url":"https://utsa.academia.edu/AnthonyDeLuca?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/67845556/17636336/20623581/s65_anthony.deluca.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34450124 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34450124"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34450124, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34450124", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34450124]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_34450124").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_34450124").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="34450124"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4651" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mesoamerican_Archaeology">Mesoamerican Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4651" type="text/json">{"id":4651,"name":"Mesoamerican Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mesoamerican_Archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="24829" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mesoamerica">Mesoamerica</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="24829" type="text/json">{"id":24829,"name":"Mesoamerica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mesoamerica?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="35681" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/West_Mexico_Archaeology_">West Mexico (Archaeology)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="35681" type="text/json">{"id":35681,"name":"West Mexico (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/West_Mexico_Archaeology_?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=34450124]'), work: {"id":34450124,"title":"An Architectural Energetics Analysis of Ceremonial Architecture from the Teuchitlán Culture of the Highland Lakes Region of Jalisco, Mexico","created_at":"2017-09-03T06:31:54.447-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/34450124/An_Architectural_Energetics_Analysis_of_Ceremonial_Architecture_from_the_Teuchitl%C3%A1n_Culture_of_the_Highland_Lakes_Region_of_Jalisco_Mexico?f_ri=112909","dom_id":"work_34450124","summary":"During the Late Formative to Classic period (300 BC – 450/500 AD) in the highland lakes region of Jalisco, Mexico, a number of concentric circular ceremonial monuments known as guachimontones are the dominant form of temple architecture. The largest site in the region is Los Guachimontones near the town of Teuchitlan. The site is thought to have been governed by cooperating/competing familial groups within a corporate framework rather than a single powerful ruler. Each platform that surround the central altar of a guachimonton are thought to correspond to one, or possibly more, of the ruling competing groups based on previous analysis of recovered material culture from excavations. This study performed an architectural energetics analysis of one of the monuments at Los Guachimontones to address this issue. Based on the analysis, questions on quality of construction between platforms, significant difference in sizes of platforms, and how labor was organized between these groups were addressed and how the answers relate to existing models for the site.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54323992,"asset_id":34450124,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":67845556,"first_name":"Anthony","last_name":"DeLuca","domain_name":"utsa","page_name":"AnthonyDeLuca","display_name":"Anthony J DeLuca","profile_url":"https://utsa.academia.edu/AnthonyDeLuca?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/67845556/17636336/20623581/s65_anthony.deluca.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":4651,"name":"Mesoamerican Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mesoamerican_Archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":24829,"name":"Mesoamerica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mesoamerica?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":35681,"name":"West Mexico (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/West_Mexico_Archaeology_?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":49532,"name":"Jalisco","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jalisco?f_ri=112909"},{"id":112909,"name":"Architectural Energetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics?f_ri=112909"},{"id":172047,"name":"West Mexico","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/West_Mexico?f_ri=112909"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_77149272" data-work_id="77149272" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/77149272/Londiniums_Landward_Wall_Material_Acquisition_Supply_and_Construction">Londinium's Landward Wall: Material Acquisition, Supply and Construction</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">ABSTRACTThe construction of a free-standing stone wall was a significant occasion in Londinium&#39;s history, remarkable for the quantity of masonry used and for the continuing additions to the defences over at least three identifiable... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_77149272" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">ABSTRACTThe construction of a free-standing stone wall was a significant occasion in Londinium&#39;s history, remarkable for the quantity of masonry used and for the continuing additions to the defences over at least three identifiable phases. Since the local geology in the London Basin does not offer suitable building stone, Londinium&#39;s walls offer an exceptional example by which to examine the logistics of construction and the transportation of materials in the context of Romano-British building projects. We examine the sources of the materials used, their transport and the scale of labour and investment involved in the construction of the Landward Wall using an energetics-based methodology. Finally, we provide new insights into Londinium&#39;s Landward Wall and the socio-economic and practical implications of its construction. Supplementary material is available online (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0068113X21000088" rel="nofollow">https://doi.org/10.1017/S0068113X21000088</a>) and comprises technical data related to the architectural energe...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/77149272" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a9f7b4772580db61d661502b647e726f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":84607035,"asset_id":77149272,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/84607035/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNTQ4MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="31504707" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HaywardKevin">Kevin Hayward</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="31504707" type="text/json">{"id":31504707,"first_name":"Kevin","last_name":"Hayward","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HaywardKevin","display_name":"Kevin Hayward","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HaywardKevin?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/31504707/12356738/13755791/s65_kevin.hayward.jpg_oh_932ffff43c6ef24a56d69a5767dce6d3_oe_57749c2b"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_77149272 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="77149272"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 77149272, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_77149272", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=77149272]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_77149272").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_77149272").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="77149272"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16759" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Britain">Roman Britain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16759" type="text/json">{"id":16759,"name":"Roman Britain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Britain?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23640" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Economy">Roman Economy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23640" type="text/json">{"id":23640,"name":"Roman Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Economy?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26304" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Roman_Archaeology">Late Roman Archaeology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="26304" type="text/json">{"id":26304,"name":"Late Roman Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Roman_Archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=77149272]'), work: {"id":77149272,"title":"Londinium's Landward Wall: Material Acquisition, Supply and Construction","created_at":"2022-04-21T00:36:12.842-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/77149272/Londiniums_Landward_Wall_Material_Acquisition_Supply_and_Construction?f_ri=112909","dom_id":"work_77149272","summary":"ABSTRACTThe construction of a free-standing stone wall was a significant occasion in Londinium\u0026#39;s history, remarkable for the quantity of masonry used and for the continuing additions to the defences over at least three identifiable phases. Since the local geology in the London Basin does not offer suitable building stone, Londinium\u0026#39;s walls offer an exceptional example by which to examine the logistics of construction and the transportation of materials in the context of Romano-British building projects. We examine the sources of the materials used, their transport and the scale of labour and investment involved in the construction of the Landward Wall using an energetics-based methodology. Finally, we provide new insights into Londinium\u0026#39;s Landward Wall and the socio-economic and practical implications of its construction. Supplementary material is available online (https://doi.org/10.1017/S0068113X21000088) and comprises technical data related to the architectural energe...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":84607035,"asset_id":77149272,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":31504707,"first_name":"Kevin","last_name":"Hayward","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HaywardKevin","display_name":"Kevin Hayward","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HaywardKevin?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/31504707/12356738/13755791/s65_kevin.hayward.jpg_oh_932ffff43c6ef24a56d69a5767dce6d3_oe_57749c2b"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":16759,"name":"Roman Britain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Britain?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":23640,"name":"Roman Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Economy?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":26304,"name":"Late Roman Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Roman_Archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":99285,"name":"Roman Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Architecture?f_ri=112909"},{"id":99288,"name":"Late Roman and early Byzantine fortifications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Roman_and_early_Byzantine_fortifications?f_ri=112909"},{"id":112909,"name":"Architectural Energetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics?f_ri=112909"},{"id":257992,"name":"Historical Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Studies?f_ri=112909"},{"id":533819,"name":"Roman London","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_London?f_ri=112909"},{"id":612221,"name":"Britannia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Britannia?f_ri=112909"},{"id":634974,"name":"Roman Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Archaeology?f_ri=112909"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44360137" data-work_id="44360137" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44360137/Physical_work_on_the_Alte_Burg_An_estimation_of_the_time_spent_to_remodel_the_spur_and_build_earth_and_stone_ramparts">Physical work on the Alte Burg. An estimation of the time spent to remodel the spur and build earth and stone ramparts.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44360137" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1840acc6bfc8cb303833f339e078fa7e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64755797,"asset_id":44360137,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64755797/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNTQ4MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="17593650" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Fran%C3%A7oisREMISE">François REMISE</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="17593650" type="text/json">{"id":17593650,"first_name":"François","last_name":"REMISE","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FrançoisREMISE","display_name":"François REMISE","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Fran%C3%A7oisREMISE?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/17593650/12981076/14340902/s65_fran_ois.remise.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44360137 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44360137"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44360137, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44360137", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_44360137 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44360137; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_44360137"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_44360137 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44360137"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44360137; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44360137]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44360137").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44360137").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44360137"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="106094" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monumentality">Monumentality</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="106094" type="text/json">{"id":106094,"name":"Monumentality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monumentality?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="112909" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics">Architectural Energetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="112909" type="text/json">{"id":112909,"name":"Architectural Energetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="574376" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monumental_Architecture">Monumental Architecture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="574376" type="text/json">{"id":574376,"name":"Monumental Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monumental_Architecture?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1525048" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heuneburg">Heuneburg</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1525048" type="text/json">{"id":1525048,"name":"Heuneburg","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heuneburg?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44360137]'), work: {"id":44360137,"title":"Physical work on the Alte Burg. An estimation of the time spent to remodel the spur and build earth and stone ramparts.","created_at":"2020-10-23T22:26:47.870-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44360137/Physical_work_on_the_Alte_Burg_An_estimation_of_the_time_spent_to_remodel_the_spur_and_build_earth_and_stone_ramparts?f_ri=112909","dom_id":"work_44360137","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64755797,"asset_id":44360137,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":17593650,"first_name":"François","last_name":"REMISE","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FrançoisREMISE","display_name":"François REMISE","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Fran%C3%A7oisREMISE?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/17593650/12981076/14340902/s65_fran_ois.remise.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":106094,"name":"Monumentality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monumentality?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":112909,"name":"Architectural Energetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":574376,"name":"Monumental Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monumental_Architecture?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":1525048,"name":"Heuneburg","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heuneburg?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43534651" data-work_id="43534651" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43534651/Constructing_a_Political_Community_A_Diachronic_Energetic_Analysis_of_La_Cariba_Guatemala">Constructing a Political Community: A Diachronic Energetic Analysis of La Cariba, Guatemala</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43534651" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="43be9ad9ac8d522d18a48176d209204c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63846563,"asset_id":43534651,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63846563/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNTQ4MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa 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hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43534651"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43534651, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43534651", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_43534651 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43534651; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_43534651"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_43534651 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43534651"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43534651; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43534651]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43534651").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43534651").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43534651"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17715" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maya_Archaeology">Maya Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17715" type="text/json">{"id":17715,"name":"Maya Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maya_Archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="66905" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Guatemala">Guatemala</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="66905" type="text/json">{"id":66905,"name":"Guatemala","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Guatemala?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="91755" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energetics">Energetics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="91755" type="text/json">{"id":91755,"name":"Energetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energetics?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43534651]'), work: {"id":43534651,"title":"Constructing a Political Community: A Diachronic Energetic Analysis of La Cariba, Guatemala","created_at":"2020-07-06T14:11:30.323-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43534651/Constructing_a_Political_Community_A_Diachronic_Energetic_Analysis_of_La_Cariba_Guatemala?f_ri=112909","dom_id":"work_43534651","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63846563,"asset_id":43534651,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":34959611,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Chatelain","domain_name":"tulane","page_name":"DavidChatelain","display_name":"David Chatelain","profile_url":"https://tulane.academia.edu/DavidChatelain?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/34959611/10182177/11374021/s65_david.chatelain.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":17715,"name":"Maya Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maya_Archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":66905,"name":"Guatemala","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Guatemala?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":91755,"name":"Energetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energetics?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":110074,"name":"Community Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Studies?f_ri=112909"},{"id":112909,"name":"Architectural Energetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics?f_ri=112909"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_20394112" data-work_id="20394112" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20394112/Shifting_Strategies_of_Political_Authority_in_the_Middle_Through_Terminal_Formative_Polity_of_Chiapa_de_Corzo_Chiapas_Mexico_Supplemental_Texts">Shifting Strategies of Political Authority in the Middle Through Terminal Formative Polity of Chiapa de Corzo, Chiapas, Mexico: Supplemental Texts</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Supplemental information on survey methods and methodology behind population estimates, calculations of energy expenditures in architecture, further discussion of the evolution of the Chiapa de Corzo E-group, further data on burials and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_20394112" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Supplemental information on survey methods and methodology behind population estimates, calculations of energy expenditures in architecture, further discussion of the evolution of the Chiapa de Corzo E-group, further data on burials and tombs, a a discussion of patterns in the Francesa phase, and a brief consideration of regional demographic patterns in the Late and Terminal Formative.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/20394112" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1b5c0bd7ba394b793fc2223aedcbd570" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41336946,"asset_id":20394112,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41336946/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNTQ4MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6533166" href="https://pitt.academia.edu/TimSullivan">Timothy D Sullivan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6533166" type="text/json">{"id":6533166,"first_name":"Timothy","last_name":"Sullivan","domain_name":"pitt","page_name":"TimSullivan","display_name":"Timothy D Sullivan","profile_url":"https://pitt.academia.edu/TimSullivan?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6533166/2671450/6755954/s65_tim.sullivan.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_20394112 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="20394112"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 20394112, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_20394112", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_20394112 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 20394112; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_20394112"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_20394112 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="20394112"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 20394112; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=20394112]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_20394112").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_20394112").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="20394112"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5063" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Settlement_Patterns">Settlement Patterns</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5063" type="text/json">{"id":5063,"name":"Settlement Patterns","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Settlement_Patterns?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="101899" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mortuary_Practices">Mortuary Practices</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="101899" type="text/json">{"id":101899,"name":"Mortuary Practices","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mortuary_Practices?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="112909" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics">Architectural Energetics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="112909" type="text/json">{"id":112909,"name":"Architectural Energetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=20394112]'), work: {"id":20394112,"title":"Shifting Strategies of Political Authority in the Middle Through Terminal Formative Polity of Chiapa de Corzo, Chiapas, Mexico: Supplemental Texts","created_at":"2016-01-19T16:43:19.112-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/20394112/Shifting_Strategies_of_Political_Authority_in_the_Middle_Through_Terminal_Formative_Polity_of_Chiapa_de_Corzo_Chiapas_Mexico_Supplemental_Texts?f_ri=112909","dom_id":"work_20394112","summary":"Supplemental information on survey methods and methodology behind population estimates, calculations of energy expenditures in architecture, further discussion of the evolution of the Chiapa de Corzo E-group, further data on burials and tombs, a a discussion of patterns in the Francesa phase, and a brief consideration of regional demographic patterns in the Late and Terminal Formative.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41336946,"asset_id":20394112,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6533166,"first_name":"Timothy","last_name":"Sullivan","domain_name":"pitt","page_name":"TimSullivan","display_name":"Timothy D Sullivan","profile_url":"https://pitt.academia.edu/TimSullivan?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6533166/2671450/6755954/s65_tim.sullivan.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5063,"name":"Settlement Patterns","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Settlement_Patterns?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":101899,"name":"Mortuary Practices","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mortuary_Practices?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":112909,"name":"Architectural Energetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_48992164 coauthored" data-work_id="48992164" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/48992164/Londinium_s_Landward_Wall_Material_Acquisition_Supply_and_Construction">Londinium’s Landward Wall: Material Acquisition, Supply and Construction</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The construction of a free-standing stone wall was a significant occasion in Londinium’s history, remarkable for the quantity of masonry used and for the continuing additions to the defences over at least three identifiable phases. Since... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_48992164" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The construction of a free-standing stone wall was a significant occasion in Londinium’s history, remarkable for the quantity of masonry used and for the continuing additions to the defences over at least three identifiable phases. Since the local geology in the London Basin does not offer suitable building stone, Londinium’s walls offer an exceptional example by which to examine the logistics of construction and the transportation of materials in the context of Romano-British building projects. We examine the sources of the materials used, their transport and the scale of labour and investment involved in the construction of the Landward Wall using an energetics-based methodology. Finally, we provide new insights into Londinium’s Landward Wall and the socio-economic and practical implications of its construction. Supplementary material is available online (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0068113X21000088" rel="nofollow">https://doi.org/10.1017/S0068113X21000088</a>) and comprises technical data related to the architectural energetics.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/48992164" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1f31e3522bb5037e78eb5e880b599aeb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":90444284,"asset_id":48992164,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/90444284/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNTQ4MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="27761780" href="https://sheffield.academia.edu/PennyCoombe">Penny Coombe</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="27761780" type="text/json">{"id":27761780,"first_name":"Penny","last_name":"Coombe","domain_name":"sheffield","page_name":"PennyCoombe","display_name":"Penny Coombe","profile_url":"https://sheffield.academia.edu/PennyCoombe?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27761780/12550232/35065347/s65_penny.coombe.jpeg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-48992164">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-48992164"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://uw.academia.edu/SimonBarker">Simon J Barker</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-48992164'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-48992164').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_48992164 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="48992164"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 48992164; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=48992164]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_48992164").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_48992164").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="48992164"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16759" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Britain">Roman Britain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16759" type="text/json">{"id":16759,"name":"Roman Britain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Britain?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23640" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Economy">Roman Economy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23640" type="text/json">{"id":23640,"name":"Roman Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Economy?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26304" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Roman_Archaeology">Late Roman Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26304" type="text/json">{"id":26304,"name":"Late Roman Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Roman_Archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="99285" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Architecture">Roman Architecture</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="99285" type="text/json">{"id":99285,"name":"Roman Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Architecture?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=48992164]'), work: {"id":48992164,"title":"Londinium’s Landward Wall: Material Acquisition, Supply and Construction","created_at":"2021-05-20T02:41:54.739-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/48992164/Londinium_s_Landward_Wall_Material_Acquisition_Supply_and_Construction?f_ri=112909","dom_id":"work_48992164","summary":"The construction of a free-standing stone wall was a significant occasion in Londinium’s history, remarkable for the quantity of masonry used and for the continuing additions to the defences over at least three identifiable phases. Since the local geology in the London Basin does not offer suitable building stone, Londinium’s walls offer an exceptional example by which to examine the logistics of construction and the transportation of materials in the context of Romano-British building projects. We examine the sources of the materials used, their transport and the scale of labour and investment involved in the construction of the Landward Wall using an energetics-based methodology. Finally, we provide new insights into Londinium’s Landward Wall and the socio-economic and practical implications of its construction. Supplementary material is available online (https://doi.org/10.1017/S0068113X21000088) and comprises technical data related to the architectural energetics.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":90444284,"asset_id":48992164,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":27761780,"first_name":"Penny","last_name":"Coombe","domain_name":"sheffield","page_name":"PennyCoombe","display_name":"Penny Coombe","profile_url":"https://sheffield.academia.edu/PennyCoombe?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27761780/12550232/35065347/s65_penny.coombe.jpeg"},{"id":326762,"first_name":"Simon","last_name":"Barker","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"SimonBarker","display_name":"Simon J Barker","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/SimonBarker?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/326762/1450139/16508195/s65_simon_j..barker.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":16759,"name":"Roman Britain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Britain?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":23640,"name":"Roman Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Economy?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":26304,"name":"Late Roman Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Roman_Archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":99285,"name":"Roman Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Architecture?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":99288,"name":"Late Roman and early Byzantine fortifications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Roman_and_early_Byzantine_fortifications?f_ri=112909"},{"id":112909,"name":"Architectural Energetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics?f_ri=112909"},{"id":533819,"name":"Roman London","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_London?f_ri=112909"},{"id":634974,"name":"Roman Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Archaeology?f_ri=112909"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38303080" data-work_id="38303080" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38303080/Energetic_Calculator_for_Ancient_Buildings_EnCAB_">Energetic Calculator for Ancient Buildings (EnCAB)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">EnCAB (Energetic Calculator for Ancient Buildings) is an online publication of the Energetic Calculator for Ancient Buildings, a tool used to measure the energy required in pre-industrial construction projects. The calculator is based on... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38303080" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">EnCAB (Energetic Calculator for Ancient Buildings) is an online publication of the Energetic Calculator for Ancient Buildings, a tool used to measure the energy required in pre-industrial construction projects. The calculator is based on a series of interactive algorithms which quantify the energy required for very specific steps in the construction process. These steps are perhaps best defined through a chaîne opératoire, which allows scholars to chart the individual steps in a construction project.<br /><br />EnCAB goes far beyond a mere collection of algorithms, however. First, there is a critical discussion of the sources used: ethnographic, experimental or textual. Each algorithm is further correlated in a number of ways, including geographical and chronological scope or the position in the construction process. Common chains of algorithms are proposed in order to aid first time users understand how the chaîne opératoire and the algorithms are best used in tandem.<br /><br />EnCAB is an Open Source project funded by the NEH through a Digital Publication Grant, and will hopefully serve as a growing hub for research in energetics and construction.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38303080" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="192609" href="https://fu-berlin.academia.edu/FedericoBuccellati">Federico Buccellati</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="192609" type="text/json">{"id":192609,"first_name":"Federico","last_name":"Buccellati","domain_name":"fu-berlin","page_name":"FedericoBuccellati","display_name":"Federico Buccellati","profile_url":"https://fu-berlin.academia.edu/FedericoBuccellati?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/192609/2716136/3162866/s65_federico.buccellati.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38303080 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38303080"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38303080, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38303080", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_38303080 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38303080; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_38303080"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_38303080 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38303080"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38303080; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38303080]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38303080").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38303080").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38303080"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="112909" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics">Architectural Energetics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="112909" type="text/json">{"id":112909,"name":"Architectural Energetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38303080]'), work: {"id":38303080,"title":"Energetic Calculator for Ancient Buildings (EnCAB)","created_at":"2019-02-07T01:36:30.153-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38303080/Energetic_Calculator_for_Ancient_Buildings_EnCAB_?f_ri=112909","dom_id":"work_38303080","summary":"EnCAB (Energetic Calculator for Ancient Buildings) is an online publication of the Energetic Calculator for Ancient Buildings, a tool used to measure the energy required in pre-industrial construction projects. The calculator is based on a series of interactive algorithms which quantify the energy required for very specific steps in the construction process. These steps are perhaps best defined through a chaîne opératoire, which allows scholars to chart the individual steps in a construction project.\n\nEnCAB goes far beyond a mere collection of algorithms, however. First, there is a critical discussion of the sources used: ethnographic, experimental or textual. Each algorithm is further correlated in a number of ways, including geographical and chronological scope or the position in the construction process. Common chains of algorithms are proposed in order to aid first time users understand how the chaîne opératoire and the algorithms are best used in tandem.\n\nEnCAB is an Open Source project funded by the NEH through a Digital Publication Grant, and will hopefully serve as a growing hub for research in energetics and construction.","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":192609,"first_name":"Federico","last_name":"Buccellati","domain_name":"fu-berlin","page_name":"FedericoBuccellati","display_name":"Federico Buccellati","profile_url":"https://fu-berlin.academia.edu/FedericoBuccellati?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/192609/2716136/3162866/s65_federico.buccellati.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":112909,"name":"Architectural Energetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36486398 coauthored" data-work_id="36486398" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36486398/_Labour_investment_and_social_change_the_case_of_the_North_Cemetery_at_Ayios_Vasilios_Greece_presented_at_the_23rd_EAA_meeting_Maastricht_2017_Session_Construction_economies_of_the_past_New_approaches_to_their_societal_political_and_long_term_impact_Organized_by_Ann_Brysbaert">"Labour investment and social change: the case of the North Cemetery at Ayios Vasilios, Greece", presented at the 23rd EAA meeting, Maastricht 2017. Session: Construction economies of the past. New approaches to their societal, political and long-term impact. Organized by Ann Brysbaert.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this session we are asked to reflect on human investment in large-scale constructions, to find ways to measure labour input, and to discuss the impact of building projects on economic and social relations. While the emphasis in the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36486398" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this session we are asked to reflect on human investment in large-scale constructions, to find ways to measure labour input, and to discuss the impact of building projects on economic and social relations. <br />While the emphasis in the session will inevitably be on monumental structures, we propose to pay attention also to more modest construction projects, especially those carried out in periods of rapid change when the division of labour and the circulation of resources undergo radical change. In fact, we would like to argue that the initiation of building projects is an important component in the transformation of reciprocal, segmentary, kin-based social networks to asymmetrical, centralized and competitive political entities . <br />Our discussion will be based on the Early Mycenaean (1700-1450 BC) cemetery at Ayios Vasilios, southern Greece, which predates the Mycenaean palace on the same site. The Early Mycenaean period witnesses pervasive changes, expressed mostly in the mortuary practices: Extramural, formal cemeteries replace intramural burials; larger, deeper, and more complex built tombs replace simple cists and pits; multiple graves replace earlier single inhumations; richer offerings accompany the dead. It is generally accepted that these changes are part and parcel of the transformation of the mainland societies , i.e. the emergence of social asymmetries and political hierarchies. In this paper, we will focus on a) evidence for the arrangement of the cemetery area through the removal and heaping of soil and the construction of a platform, and b) variation in the size and construction of the tombs. Indeed the tombs in this period show substantial labour input used for the quarrying, transporting and rough working of different types of stone. Our aim is to reconstruct the labour input in the tombs and the cemetery as a whole, and to attempt to reconstruct changing social and kin relations.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36486398" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="32482ace01e66118bc48f618d1083053" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56405090,"asset_id":36486398,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56405090/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNTQ4MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4619466" href="https://rug.academia.edu/YoupvandenBeld">Youp van den Beld</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4619466" type="text/json">{"id":4619466,"first_name":"Youp","last_name":"van den Beld","domain_name":"rug","page_name":"YoupvandenBeld","display_name":"Youp van den Beld","profile_url":"https://rug.academia.edu/YoupvandenBeld?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4619466/1930670/18996536/s65_youp.van_den_beld.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-36486398">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-36486398"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://gu-se.academia.edu/YannickdeRaaff">Yannick de Raaff</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-36486398'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-36486398').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36486398 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36486398"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36486398, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36486398", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_36486398 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36486398; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_36486398"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_36486398 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36486398"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36486398; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36486398]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36486398").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36486398").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36486398"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="751" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Labor_Economics">Labor Economics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="751" type="text/json">{"id":751,"name":"Labor Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Labor_Economics?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2123" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Death_Studies">Death Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2123" type="text/json">{"id":2123,"name":"Death Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Death_Studies?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8516" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Funerary_Archaeology">Funerary Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8516" type="text/json">{"id":8516,"name":"Funerary Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Funerary_Archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13515" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aegean_Bronze_Age_Bronze_Age_Archaeology_">Aegean Bronze Age (Bronze Age Archaeology)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="13515" type="text/json">{"id":13515,"name":"Aegean Bronze Age (Bronze Age Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aegean_Bronze_Age_Bronze_Age_Archaeology_?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36486398]'), work: {"id":36486398,"title":"\"Labour investment and social change: the case of the North Cemetery at Ayios Vasilios, Greece\", presented at the 23rd EAA meeting, Maastricht 2017. Session: Construction economies of the past. New approaches to their societal, political and long-term impact. Organized by Ann Brysbaert.","created_at":"2018-04-24T01:13:40.027-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36486398/_Labour_investment_and_social_change_the_case_of_the_North_Cemetery_at_Ayios_Vasilios_Greece_presented_at_the_23rd_EAA_meeting_Maastricht_2017_Session_Construction_economies_of_the_past_New_approaches_to_their_societal_political_and_long_term_impact_Organized_by_Ann_Brysbaert?f_ri=112909","dom_id":"work_36486398","summary":"In this session we are asked to reflect on human investment in large-scale constructions, to find ways to measure labour input, and to discuss the impact of building projects on economic and social relations. \r\nWhile the emphasis in the session will inevitably be on monumental structures, we propose to pay attention also to more modest construction projects, especially those carried out in periods of rapid change when the division of labour and the circulation of resources undergo radical change. In fact, we would like to argue that the initiation of building projects is an important component in the transformation of reciprocal, segmentary, kin-based social networks to asymmetrical, centralized and competitive political entities .\r\nOur discussion will be based on the Early Mycenaean (1700-1450 BC) cemetery at Ayios Vasilios, southern Greece, which predates the Mycenaean palace on the same site. The Early Mycenaean period witnesses pervasive changes, expressed mostly in the mortuary practices: Extramural, formal cemeteries replace intramural burials; larger, deeper, and more complex built tombs replace simple cists and pits; multiple graves replace earlier single inhumations; richer offerings accompany the dead. It is generally accepted that these changes are part and parcel of the transformation of the mainland societies , i.e. the emergence of social asymmetries and political hierarchies. In this paper, we will focus on a) evidence for the arrangement of the cemetery area through the removal and heaping of soil and the construction of a platform, and b) variation in the size and construction of the tombs. Indeed the tombs in this period show substantial labour input used for the quarrying, transporting and rough working of different types of stone. Our aim is to reconstruct the labour input in the tombs and the cemetery as a whole, and to attempt to reconstruct changing social and kin relations.\r\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56405090,"asset_id":36486398,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4619466,"first_name":"Youp","last_name":"van den Beld","domain_name":"rug","page_name":"YoupvandenBeld","display_name":"Youp van den Beld","profile_url":"https://rug.academia.edu/YoupvandenBeld?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4619466/1930670/18996536/s65_youp.van_den_beld.jpg"},{"id":25588765,"first_name":"Yannick","last_name":"de Raaff","domain_name":"gu-se","page_name":"YannickdeRaaff","display_name":"Yannick de Raaff","profile_url":"https://gu-se.academia.edu/YannickdeRaaff?f_ri=112909","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25588765/6995562/78554335/s65_yannick.de_raaff.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":751,"name":"Labor Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Labor_Economics?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":2123,"name":"Death Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Death_Studies?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":8516,"name":"Funerary Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Funerary_Archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":13515,"name":"Aegean Bronze Age (Bronze Age Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aegean_Bronze_Age_Bronze_Age_Archaeology_?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":17562,"name":"Death and Burial (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Death_and_Burial_Archaeology_?f_ri=112909"},{"id":18032,"name":"Aegean Prehistory (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aegean_Prehistory_Archaeology_?f_ri=112909"},{"id":21431,"name":"Mycenaean era archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mycenaean_era_archaeology?f_ri=112909"},{"id":25663,"name":"Aegean Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aegean_Archaeology?f_ri=112909"},{"id":35985,"name":"Mortuary archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mortuary_archaeology?f_ri=112909"},{"id":40273,"name":"Mortuary studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mortuary_studies?f_ri=112909"},{"id":41373,"name":"Mycenaean","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mycenaean?f_ri=112909"},{"id":51123,"name":"Aegean Late Bronze Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aegean_Late_Bronze_Age?f_ri=112909"},{"id":51294,"name":"Aegean Prehistory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aegean_Prehistory?f_ri=112909"},{"id":57161,"name":"Funerary Practices","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Funerary_Practices?f_ri=112909"},{"id":101899,"name":"Mortuary Practices","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mortuary_Practices?f_ri=112909"},{"id":112909,"name":"Architectural Energetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics?f_ri=112909"},{"id":194219,"name":"Minoan and Myceanean Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Minoan_and_Myceanean_Archaeology?f_ri=112909"},{"id":202110,"name":"Minoan and Mycenaean Architecture and Urbanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Minoan_and_Mycenaean_Architecture_and_Urbanism?f_ri=112909"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_78002721" data-work_id="78002721" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/78002721/Grave_Reminders_Comparing_Mycenaean_Tomb_Building_with_Labour_and_Memory">Grave Reminders Comparing Mycenaean Tomb Building with Labour and Memory</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">From ca. 1600 – 1000 BC, builders across southern Greece crafted thousands of rock-cut chamber tombs similar to earlier and contemporary ‘beehive’ tholos tombs. Both tomb styles were designed with multiple uses in mind, filling with the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_78002721" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">From ca. 1600 – 1000 BC, builders across southern Greece crafted thousands of rock-cut chamber tombs similar to earlier and contemporary ‘beehive’ tholos tombs. Both tomb styles were designed with multiple uses in mind, filling with the remains of funerals forgotten over generations of reuse. In rare cases, the tombs were used once or seemingly not at all, cleaned thoroughly or sealed and abandoned entirely. Rather than focus on the missing or muddled record of funeral and post-funeral activities, this book reexamines Mycenaean tomb architecture and the decisions that guided it. From minimalistic to monumental, builders designed tombs with forethought to how commissioners and witnesses would react and remember them. Patterns suggest that memories of what tombs should look like heavily influenced new construction toward recurring shapes and appropriate scales. The wider debates over cost from ‘architectural energetics’ and perception in Aegean mortuary behaviour are thus revisited. Both can find common purpose in labour measured through a relative index and collective memory – how labourers and patrons saw their work. That metric for comparison lies within a median standard: in this instance, tombs expressed in terms of correlative shape and simple labour investment of the earth and rock moved to create them. This was accomplished here through photogrammetric modelling of 94 multi-use tombs in Achaea and Attica, verifying a cost-effective alternative for local authorities warding off information loss through site destruction from looting and earthquakes. Since most labour models suggest the tombs were not burdensome, commissioners held extravagant building in check by weighing the social risks and rewards of standing out from the crowd.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/78002721" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="41488431" href="https://independent.academia.edu/VargasMariluz">Mariluz Vargas</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="41488431" type="text/json">{"id":41488431,"first_name":"Mariluz","last_name":"Vargas","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"VargasMariluz","display_name":"Mariluz Vargas","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/VargasMariluz?f_ri=112909","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_78002721 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="78002721"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 78002721, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_78002721", }); 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Both tomb styles were designed with multiple uses in mind, filling with the remains of funerals forgotten over generations of reuse. In rare cases, the tombs were used once or seemingly not at all, cleaned thoroughly or sealed and abandoned entirely. Rather than focus on the missing or muddled record of funeral and post-funeral activities, this book reexamines Mycenaean tomb architecture and the decisions that guided it. From minimalistic to monumental, builders designed tombs with forethought to how commissioners and witnesses would react and remember them. Patterns suggest that memories of what tombs should look like heavily influenced new construction toward recurring shapes and appropriate scales. The wider debates over cost from ‘architectural energetics’ and perception in Aegean mortuary behaviour are thus revisited. Both can find common purpose in labour measured through a relative index and collective memory – how labourers and patrons saw their work. That metric for comparison lies within a median standard: in this instance, tombs expressed in terms of correlative shape and simple labour investment of the earth and rock moved to create them. This was accomplished here through photogrammetric modelling of 94 multi-use tombs in Achaea and Attica, verifying a cost-effective alternative for local authorities warding off information loss through site destruction from looting and earthquakes. Since most labour models suggest the tombs were not burdensome, commissioners held extravagant building in check by weighing the social risks and rewards of standing out from the crowd.","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":41488431,"first_name":"Mariluz","last_name":"Vargas","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"VargasMariluz","display_name":"Mariluz Vargas","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/VargasMariluz?f_ri=112909","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":13950,"name":"Collective Memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Collective_Memory?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":21431,"name":"Mycenaean era archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mycenaean_era_archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":74187,"name":"Mycenaean Achaea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mycenaean_Achaea?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":112909,"name":"Architectural Energetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false},{"id":373584,"name":"Rock-Cut Chamber Tombs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rock-Cut_Chamber_Tombs?f_ri=112909"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44212555" data-work_id="44212555" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44212555/Architectural_Energetics_SAA_meeting_Orlando_2016">Architectural Energetics SAA meeting Orlando 2016</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics">Architectural Energetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="112909" type="text/json">{"id":112909,"name":"Architectural Energetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1525048" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heuneburg">Heuneburg</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1525048" type="text/json">{"id":1525048,"name":"Heuneburg","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heuneburg?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44212555]'), work: {"id":44212555,"title":"Architectural Energetics SAA meeting Orlando 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture">Architecture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1372" type="text/json">{"id":1372,"name":"Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3791" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mesopotamian_Archaeology">Mesopotamian Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3791" type="text/json">{"id":3791,"name":"Mesopotamian Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mesopotamian_Archaeology?f_ri=112909","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="112909" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Energetics">Architectural Energetics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="112909" type="text/json">{"id":112909,"name":"Architectural 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