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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Zaloguj się</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Strony dla anonimowych edytorów <a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Pierwsze_kroki" aria-label="Dowiedz się więcej na temat edytowania"><span>dowiedz się więcej</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:M%C3%B3j_wk%C5%82ad" title="Lista edycji wykonanych z tego adresu IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Edycje</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Moja_dyskusja" title="Dyskusja użytkownika dla tego adresu IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Dyskusja</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Witryna"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Spis treści" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Spis treści</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Początek</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Spis treści" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Przełącz stan spisu treści" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Przełącz stan spisu treści</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Francis William Aston</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Przejdź do artykułu w innym języku. Treść dostępna w 72 językach" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-72" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">72 języki</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="فرانسيس أستون – arabski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فرانسيس أستون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston – asturyjski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Francis William Aston" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frensis_Aston" title="Frensis Aston – azerbejdżański" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Frensis Aston" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbejdżański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A2%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="فرانسیس ویلیام آستون – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فرانسیس ویلیام آستون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%A8" title="ফ্রান্সিস উইলিয়াম অ্যাস্টন – bengalski" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফ্রান্সিস উইলিয়াম অ্যাস্টন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston – minnański" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Francis William Aston" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%96%D1%81_%D0%A3%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Фрэнсіс Уільям Астан – białoruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Фрэнсіс Уільям Астан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="białoruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8A%D0%BD" title="Франсис Уилям Астън – bułgarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Франсис Уилям Астън" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bułgarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston – bośniacki" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Francis William Aston" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bośniacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston – kataloński" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Francis William Aston" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataloński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston – czeski" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Francis William Aston" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="czeski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston – duński" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Francis William Aston" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="duński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston – niemiecki" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Francis William Aston" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston – estoński" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Francis William Aston" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston – angielski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Francis William Aston" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angielski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Aston" title="Francis Aston – hiszpański" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Francis Aston" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hiszpański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Francis William Aston" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A2%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="فرانسیس ویلیام آستون – perski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فرانسیس ویلیام آستون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Francis William Aston" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston – szkocki gaelicki" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Francis William Aston" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="szkocki gaelicki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston – galicyjski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Francis William Aston" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%B2%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8,_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="ॲस्टन, फ्रान्सिस विल्यम – konkani (Goa)" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="ॲस्टन, फ्रान्सिस विल्यम" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="konkani (Goa)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Francis William Aston" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9E%9C%EC%8B%9C%EC%8A%A4_%EC%9C%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%97%84_%EC%95%A0%EC%8A%A4%ED%84%B4" title="프랜시스 윌리엄 애스턴 – koreański" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프랜시스 윌리엄 애스턴" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%BD_%D5%88%D6%82%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B4_%D4%B1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Ֆրենսիս Ուիլյամ Աստոն – ormiański" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆրենսիս Ուիլյամ Աստոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ormiański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston – chorwacki" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Francis William Aston" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Francis William Aston" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston – indonezyjski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Francis William Aston" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston – włoski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Francis William Aston" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="włoski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A1_%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9D_%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9F" title="פרנסיס ויליאם אסטון – hebrajski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרנסיס ויליאם אסטון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AB%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%82_%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸಿಸ್ ವಿಲಿಯಂ ಆಸ್ಟನ್ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸಿಸ್ ವಿಲಿಯಂ ಆಸ್ಟನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ფრენსის ასტონი – gruziński" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფრენსის ასტონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruziński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston – suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Francis William Aston" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franciscus_Gulielmus_Aston" title="Franciscus Gulielmus Aston – łaciński" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Franciscus Gulielmus Aston" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="łaciński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C4%81nsiss_Astons" title="Frānsiss Astons – łotewski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Frānsiss Astons" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="łotewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston – luksemburski" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Francis William Aston" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksemburski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston – węgierski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Francis William Aston" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="węgierski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ფრენსის ასტონი – megrelski" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ფრენსის ასტონი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="megrelski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="فرانسيس استون – egipski arabski" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فرانسيس استون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egipski arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A2%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="فرانسیس ویلیام آستون – mazanderański" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="فرانسیس ویلیام آستون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Francis William Aston" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Фрэнсис Виллиам Астон – mongolski" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Фрэнсис Виллиам Астон" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston – niderlandzki" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Francis William Aston" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%B3" title="フランシス・アストン – japoński" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フランシス・アストン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston – norweski (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Francis William Aston" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norweski (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston – oksytański" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Francis William Aston" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksytański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston – uzbecki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Francis William Aston" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%B3_%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85_%D8%A2%D8%B3%D9%B9%D9%86" title="فرانسس ولیم آسٹن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="فرانسس ولیم آسٹن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Francis William Aston" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston – rumuński" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Francis William Aston" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumuński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Aston" title="Francis Aston – keczua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Francis Aston" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="keczua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC" title="Астон, Фрэнсис Уильям – rosyjski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Астон, Фрэнсис Уильям" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rosyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="आस्टन् फ्रान्सिस् विलियम् – sanskryt" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="आस्टन् फ्रान्सिस् विलियम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskryt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston – albański" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Francis William Aston" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Francis William Aston" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston – słowacki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Francis William Aston" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="słowacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston – słoweński" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Francis William Aston" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="słoweński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A6%DB%95%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%86%D9%86" title="فرانسیس ویلیام ئەستۆن – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="فرانسیس ویلیام ئەستۆن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Франсис Вилијам Астон – serbski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Франсис Вилијам Астон" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston – serbsko-chorwacki" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Francis William Aston" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbsko-chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston – fiński" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Francis William Aston" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Aston" title="Francis Aston – szwedzki" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Francis Aston" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="szwedzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="பிரான்சிஸ் வில்லியம் ஆஸ்டன் – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிரான்சிஸ் வில்லியம் ஆஸ்டன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D3%99%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D3%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Фрәнсис Вильям Әстон – tatarski" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Фрәнсис Вильям Әстон" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Фрэнсис Уилям Астон – tadżycki" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Фрэнсис Уилям Астон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadżycki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Aston" title="Francis Aston – turecki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Francis Aston" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%96%D1%81_%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Френсіс Вільям Астон – ukraiński" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Френсіс Вільям Астон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%B9%D9%88%D9%86" title="فرانسسولیم ایسٹون – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فرانسسولیم ایسٹون" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston – wietnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Francis William Aston" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="wietnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF%E9%A1%BF" title="弗朗西斯·阿斯顿 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="弗朗西斯·阿斯顿" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston – joruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Francis William Aston" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="joruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Z Wikipedii, wolnej encyklopedii</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pl" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox"> <caption class="naglowek" style="background-color:#629ed0; color:#000000;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r65781301">.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex{display:flex;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:center;gap:4px}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex>.iboxt-ikona{flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:0;font-size:7px;max-width:40px;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex>.iboxt-tekst{flex-grow:1}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-1{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-2{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-3{font-style:italic;font-size:90%}</style><div class="iboxt-1">Francis William Aston</div> </caption> <tbody><tr class="grafika iboxs"> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Francis_William_Aston.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fotografia z 1922 r."><img alt="Ilustracja" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Francis_William_Aston.jpg/170px-Francis_William_Aston.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Francis_William_Aston.jpg/254px-Francis_William_Aston.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/Francis_William_Aston.jpg 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a></span><br />Fotografia z 1922 r. </td></tr> <tr> <th>Państwo działania </th> <td> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Wielka_Brytania" title="Wielka Brytania">Wielka Brytania</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Data i miejsce urodzenia </th> <td> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap">1 września 1877</span> <br />Birmingham </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Data śmierci </th> <td> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap">20 listopada 1945</span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#629ed0; color:black; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #aaa;">profesor nauk przyrodniczych </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:LightBlue; color:black; text-align:center; font-size:90%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #aaa; padding:3px;">Specjalność: fizyka </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Alma_Mater" title="Alma Mater">Alma Mater</a> </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/University_of_Birmingham" title="University of Birmingham">University of Birmingham</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#629ed0; color:black; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #aaa;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Kolegium </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Kolegium_Tr%C3%B3jcy_%C5%9Awi%C4%99tej_w_Cambridge" title="Kolegium Trójcy Świętej w Cambridge">Trinity College</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Uniwersytet </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#629ed0; color:black; text-align:center; border:1px solid #aaa;"><b>Nagrody</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nagroda_Nobla" title="Nagroda Nobla"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/30px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/45px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/60px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Laureaci_Nagrody_Nobla_w_dziedzinie_chemii" title="Laureaci Nagrody Nobla w dziedzinie chemii">Nagroda Nobla w dziedzinie chemii</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hughes_Medal" title="Hughes Medal"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/HughesMedal_%28round%29.png/30px-HughesMedal_%28round%29.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/HughesMedal_%28round%29.png/45px-HughesMedal_%28round%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/HughesMedal_%28round%29.png/60px-HughesMedal_%28round%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1106" data-file-height="1108" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Hughes_Medal" title="Hughes Medal">Medal Hughesa</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr class="noprint plainlinks" style="border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0;"> <table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%; margin:0px; background:var(--background-color-base, #fff); color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; width:30px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Commons"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/31px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/42px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" class="extiw" title="commons:Francis William Aston">Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Francis William Aston</b> (ur. <a href="/wiki/1_wrze%C5%9Bnia" title="1 września">1 września</a> <a href="/wiki/1877" title="1877">1877</a> w <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a>, zm. <a href="/wiki/20_listopada" title="20 listopada">20 listopada</a> <a href="/wiki/1945" title="1945">1945</a> w <a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wielka_Brytania" title="Wielka Brytania">Wielka Brytania</a>) – profesor fizyki <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">Uniwersytetu w Cambridge</a> (<a href="/wiki/Anglia" title="Anglia">Anglia</a>). </p><p>Prowadził prace badawcze nad promieniami kanalikowymi; wraz z <a href="/wiki/Joseph_John_Thomson" title="Joseph John Thomson">Josephem Johnem Thomsonem</a> wykazał istnienie dwu trwałych <a href="/wiki/Izotopy" title="Izotopy">izotopów</a> <a href="/wiki/Neon_(pierwiastek)" title="Neon (pierwiastek)">neonu</a> (1913). Jest obok J.J. Thomsona jednym z ojców <a href="/wiki/Spektrometria_mas" title="Spektrometria mas">spektrometrii mas</a> – konstruktorem <a href="/wiki/Spektrometria_mas" title="Spektrometria mas">spektrometru mas</a>. Zidentyfikował większość (213 z 276) znanych <a href="/wiki/Izotopy" title="Izotopy">izotopów</a> trwałych. Za te badania otrzymał <a href="/wiki/Nagroda_Nobla" title="Nagroda Nobla">Nagrodę Nobla</a> w <a href="/wiki/Laureaci_Nagrody_Nobla_w_dziedzinie_chemii" title="Laureaci Nagrody Nobla w dziedzinie chemii">dziedzinie chemii</a> w roku 1922. Został również członkiem <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> w Londynie i członkiem korespondentem <a href="/wiki/Rosyjska_Akademia_Nauk" title="Rosyjska Akademia Nauk">Akademii Nauk ZSRR</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_William_Aston&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj sekcję: Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_William_Aston&action=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Bibliografia"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">Ryszard Szepke: <i>1000 słów o atomie i technice jądrowej</i>. Wydawnictwo Ministerstwa Obrony Narodowej, 1982, s. 21. <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/8311067236" title="Specjalna:Książki/8311067236">ISBN <span class="isbn isbn-ulepszony">83-11-06723-6</span></a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1000+s%C5%82%C3%B3w+o+atomie+i+technice+j%C4%85drowej&rft.au=Ryszard+Szepke&rft.pub=Wydawnictwo+Ministerstwa+Obrony+Narodowej&rft.pages=21&rft.isbn=8311067236"></span> <span class="lang-list tylko-pl">(<abbr title="Treść w języku polskim">pol.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1922/aston/facts/">Francis William Aston</a>. [w:] <i>The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1922</i> [on-line]. Nobel Media AB. [dostęp 2014-05-20]. <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite>; <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1922/aston/biographical/">Biographical</a>.</cite> i <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1922/aston/lecture/">Mass Spectra and Isotopes</a>. [w:] <i>Nobel Lecture</i> [on-line]. 12 grudnia 1922.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nndb.com/people/289/000099989/">Francis W. Aston</a>. [w:] <i>Notable Names Database (NNDB)</i> [on-line]. [dostęp 2014-05-20]. <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></li></ul> <div class="navbox do-not-make-smaller mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="pokaż" data-collapsetext="ukryj"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74983602">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin:auto;text-align:center;padding:3px;margin-top:1em;clear:both}.mw-parser-output table.navbox:not(.pionowy){width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox{border-top:0;margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox.pionowy{width:250px;float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 0.4em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .navbox.pionowy .before,.mw-parser-output .navbox.pionowy .after{padding:0.5em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox>.caption,.mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr>th{background:#ccf;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navbox 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.opis.a1,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a1 .opis{background:#715f00}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a2,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a2 .opis{background:#5f5f5f}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a3,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a3 .opis{background:#764617}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>.caption,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr>th{background-color:#3a3c3e}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox .title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-content>.above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-content>.below,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox .opis{background-color:#303234}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a1,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a1 .opis{background:#715f00}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a2,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a2 .opis{background:#5f5f5f}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a3,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a3 .opis{background:#764617}}</style><ul class="tnavbar noprint plainlinks hlist"><li><a href="/wiki/Szablon:Nobel_Chemia" title="Szablon:Nobel Chemia"><span title="Pokaż ten szablon">p</span></a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dyskusja_szablonu:Nobel_Chemia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dyskusja szablonu:Nobel Chemia (strona nie istnieje)"><span title="Dyskusja na temat tego szablonu">d</span></a></li><li title="Możesz edytować ten szablon. Użyj przycisku podglądu przed zapisaniem zmian."><a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Szablon:Nobel_Chemia&action=edit">e</a></li></ul><div class="navbox-title caption"><a href="/wiki/Laureaci_Nagrody_Nobla_w_dziedzinie_chemii" title="Laureaci Nagrody Nobla w dziedzinie chemii">Laureaci Nagrody Nobla w dziedzinie chemii</a></div><div class="mw-collapsible-content flex"><table class="navbox-main-content inner-standard"><tbody><tr class="a1"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">XX wiek</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li>1901: <a href="/wiki/Jacobus_van_%E2%80%99t_Hoff" title="Jacobus van ’t Hoff">van ’t Hoff</a></li> <li>1902: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Emil_Fischer" title="Hermann Emil Fischer">Fischer</a></li> <li>1903: <a href="/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius">Arrhenius</a></li> <li>1904: <a href="/wiki/William_Ramsay" title="William Ramsay">Ramsay</a></li> <li>1905: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Adolf von Baeyer">Baeyer</a></li> <li>1906: <a href="/wiki/Henri_Moissan" title="Henri Moissan">Moissan</a></li> <li>1907: <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Buchner" title="Eduard Buchner">Buchner</a></li> <li>1908: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Rutherford</a></li> <li>1909: <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald">Ostwald</a></li> <li>1910: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Wallach" title="Otto Wallach">Wallach</a></li> <li>1911: <a href="/wiki/Maria_Sk%C5%82odowska-Curie" title="Maria Skłodowska-Curie">Skłodowska-Curie</a></li> <li>1912: <a href="/wiki/Victor_Grignard" title="Victor Grignard">Grignard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Sabatier" title="Paul Sabatier">Sabatier</a></li> <li>1913: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Werner" title="Alfred Werner">Werner</a></li> <li>1914: <a href="/wiki/Theodore_William_Richards" title="Theodore William Richards">Richards</a></li> <li>1915: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Martin_Willst%C3%A4tter" title="Richard Martin Willstätter">Willstätter</a></li> <li>1918: <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Haber" title="Fritz Haber">Haber</a></li> <li>1920: <a href="/wiki/Walther_Nernst" title="Walther Nernst">Nernst</a></li> <li>1921: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Soddy" title="Frederick Soddy">Soddy</a></li> <li>1922: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aston</a></li> <li>1923: <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Pregl" title="Fritz Pregl">Pregl</a></li> <li>1925: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Zsigmondy" title="Richard Zsigmondy">Zsigmondy</a></li> <li>1926: <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Svedberg" title="Theodor Svedberg">Svedberg</a></li> <li>1927: <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Wieland" title="Heinrich Wieland">Wieland</a></li> <li>1928: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Windaus" title="Adolf Windaus">Windaus</a></li> <li>1929: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Harden" title="Arthur Harden">Harden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hans_von_Euler-Chelpin" title="Hans von Euler-Chelpin">von Euler-Chelpin</a></li> <li>1930: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Fischer" title="Hans Fischer">Fischer</a></li> <li>1931: <a href="/wiki/Carl_Bosch" title="Carl Bosch">Bosch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Bergius" title="Friedrich Bergius">Bergius</a></li> <li>1932: <a href="/wiki/Irving_Langmuir" title="Irving Langmuir">Langmuir</a></li> <li>1934: <a href="/wiki/Harold_Clayton_Urey" title="Harold Clayton Urey">Urey</a></li> <li>1935: <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Joliot-Curie" title="Frédéric Joliot-Curie">F. Joliot-Curie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%A8ne_Joliot-Curie" title="Irène Joliot-Curie">I. Joliot-Curie</a></li> <li>1936: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Debye" title="Peter Debye">Debye</a></li> <li>1937: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Norman_Haworth" title="Walter Norman Haworth">Haworth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer">Karrer</a></li> <li>1938: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Kuhn" title="Richard Kuhn">Kuhn</a></li> <li>1939: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Butenandt" title="Adolf Butenandt">Butenandt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leopold_Ru%C5%BEi%C4%8Dka" title="Leopold Ružička">Ružička</a></li> <li>1943: <a href="/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_von_Hevesy" title="György von Hevesy">de Hevesy</a></li> <li>1944: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Hahn" title="Otto Hahn">Hahn</a></li> <li>1945: <a href="/wiki/Artturi_Virtanen" title="Artturi Virtanen">Virtanen</a></li> <li>1946: <a href="/wiki/James_Sumner" title="James Sumner">Sumner</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Howard_Northrop" title="John Howard Northrop">Northrop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wendell_Meredith_Stanley" title="Wendell Meredith Stanley">Stanley</a></li> <li>1947: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Robinson" title="Robert Robinson">Robinson</a></li> <li>1948: <a href="/wiki/Arne_Tiselius" title="Arne Tiselius">Tiselius</a></li> <li>1949: <a href="/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque">Giauque</a></li> <li>1950: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Diels" title="Otto Diels">Diels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Alder" title="Kurt Alder">Alder</a></li> <li>1951: <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Mattison_McMillan" title="Edwin Mattison McMillan">McMillan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glenn_Seaborg" title="Glenn Seaborg">Seaborg</a></li> <li>1952: <a href="/wiki/Archer_Martin" title="Archer Martin">Martin</a>, <a href="/wiki/R.L.M._Synge" title="R.L.M. Synge">Synge</a></li> <li>1953: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Staudinger" title="Hermann Staudinger">Staudinger</a></li> <li>1954: <a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Pauling</a></li> <li>1955: <a href="/wiki/Vincent_du_Vigneaud" title="Vincent du Vigneaud">du Vigneaud</a></li> <li>1956: <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Hinshelwood" title="Cyril Hinshelwood">Hinshelwood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niko%C5%82aj_Siemionow" title="Nikołaj Siemionow">Siemionow</a></li> <li>1957: <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Todd" title="Alexander Todd">Todd</a></li> <li>1958: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Sanger</a></li> <li>1959: <a href="/wiki/Jaroslav_Heyrovsk%C3%BD" title="Jaroslav Heyrovský">Heyrovský</a></li> <li>1960: <a href="/wiki/Willard_Libby" title="Willard Libby">Libby</a></li> <li>1961: <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Calvin" title="Melvin Calvin">Calvin</a></li> <li>1962: <a href="/wiki/Max_Perutz" title="Max Perutz">Perutz</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Kendrew" title="John Kendrew">Kendrew</a></li> <li>1963: <a href="/wiki/Karl_Ziegler" title="Karl Ziegler">Ziegler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Natta" title="Giulio Natta">Natta</a></li> <li>1964: <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Crowfoot_Hodgkin" title="Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin">Hodgkin</a></li> <li>1965: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Woodward" title="Robert Woodward">Woodward</a></li> <li>1966: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mulliken" title="Robert Mulliken">Mulliken</a></li> <li>1967: <a href="/wiki/Manfred_Eigen" title="Manfred Eigen">Eigen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Norrish" title="Ronald Norrish">Norrish</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Porter" title="George Porter">Porter</a></li> <li>1968: <a href="/wiki/Lars_Onsager" title="Lars Onsager">Onsager</a></li> <li>1969: <a href="/wiki/Derek_Barton" title="Derek Barton">Barton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odd_Hassel" title="Odd Hassel">Hassel</a></li> <li>1970: <a href="/wiki/Luis_Federico_Leloir" title="Luis Federico Leloir">Leloir</a></li> <li>1971: <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Herzberg" title="Gerhard Herzberg">Herzberg</a></li> <li>1972: <a href="/wiki/Christian_Anfinsen" title="Christian Anfinsen">Anfinsen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stanford_Moore" title="Stanford Moore">Moore</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Stein" title="William Howard Stein">Stein</a></li> <li>1973: <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Fischer" title="Ernst Fischer">Fischer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Wilkinson" title="Geoffrey Wilkinson">Wilkinson</a></li> <li>1974: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Flory" title="Paul Flory">Flory</a></li> <li>1975: <a href="/wiki/John_Cornforth" title="John Cornforth">Cornforth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Prelog" title="Vladimir Prelog">Prelog</a></li> <li>1976: <a href="/wiki/William_Lipscomb" title="William Lipscomb">Lipscomb</a></li> <li>1977: <a href="/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine">Prigogine</a></li> <li>1978: <a href="/wiki/Peter_D._Mitchell" title="Peter D. Mitchell">Mitchell</a></li> <li>1979: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Brown" title="Herbert Brown">Brown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wittig" title="Georg Wittig">Wittig</a></li> <li>1980: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Berg" title="Paul Berg">Berg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Gilbert" title="Walter Gilbert">Gilbert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Sanger</a></li> <li>1981: <a href="/wiki/Ken%E2%80%99ichi_Fukui" title="Ken’ichi Fukui">Fukui</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roald_Hoffmann" title="Roald Hoffmann">Hoffmann</a></li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Klug" title="Aaron Klug">Klug</a></li> <li>1983: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Taube" title="Henry Taube">Taube</a></li> <li>1984: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bruce_Merrifield" title="Robert Bruce Merrifield">Merrifield</a></li> <li>1985: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hauptman" title="Herbert Hauptman">Hauptman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Karle" title="Jerome Karle">Karle</a></li> <li>1986: <a href="/wiki/Dudley_Robert_Herschbach" title="Dudley Robert Herschbach">Herschbach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yuan_Lee" title="Yuan Lee">Lee</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Polanyi" title="John Polanyi">Polanyi</a></li> <li>1987: <a href="/wiki/Donald_Cram" title="Donald Cram">Cram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Lehn" title="Jean-Marie Lehn">Lehn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Pedersen" title="Charles Pedersen">Pedersen</a></li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/Johann_Deisenhofer" title="Johann Deisenhofer">Deisenhofer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Huber" title="Robert Huber">Huber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hartmut_Michel" title="Hartmut Michel">Michel</a></li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Altman" title="Sidney Altman">Altman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cech" title="Thomas Cech">Cech</a></li> <li>1990: <a href="/wiki/Elias_Corey" title="Elias Corey">Corey</a></li> <li>1991: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Ernst" title="Richard Ernst">Ernst</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_Marcus" title="Rudolph Marcus">Marcus</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/wiki/Kary_Mullis" title="Kary Mullis">Mullis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Smith_(chemik)" title="Michael Smith (chemik)">Smith</a></li> <li>1994: <a href="/wiki/George_Olah" title="George Olah">Olah</a></li> <li>1995: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Crutzen" title="Paul Crutzen">Crutzen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mario_Molina" title="Mario Molina">Molina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sherwood_Rowland" title="Frank Sherwood Rowland">Rowland</a></li> <li>1996: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl">Curl Jr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harold_Kroto" title="Harold Kroto">Kroto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Smalley" title="Richard Smalley">Smalley</a></li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Boyer" title="Paul Boyer">Boyer</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Ernest_Walker" title="John Ernest Walker">Walker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jens_Skou" title="Jens Skou">Skou</a></li> <li>1998: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Kohn" title="Walter Kohn">Kohn</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Pople" title="John Pople">Pople</a></li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Zewail" title="Ahmed Zewail">Zewail</a></li> <li>2000: <a href="/wiki/Alan_Heeger" title="Alan Heeger">Heeger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_MacDiarmid" title="Alan MacDiarmid">MacDiarmid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hideki_Shirakawa" title="Hideki Shirakawa">Shirakawa</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a2"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">XXI wiek</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li>2001: <a href="/wiki/William_Knowles" title="William Knowles">Knowles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%8Dji_Noyori" title="Ryōji Noyori">Noyori</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barry_Sharpless" title="Barry Sharpless">Sharpless</a></li> <li>2002: <a href="/wiki/Kurt_W%C3%BCthrich" title="Kurt Wüthrich">Wüthrich</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Fenn" title="John Fenn">Fenn</a>, <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dichi_Tanaka" title="Kōichi Tanaka">Tanaka</a></li> <li>2003: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Agre" title="Peter Agre">Agre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roderick_MacKinnon" title="Roderick MacKinnon">MacKinnon</a></li> <li>2004: <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Ciechanower" title="Aaron Ciechanower">Ciechanower</a>, <a href="/wiki/Awram_Herszko" title="Awram Herszko">Herszko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irwin_Rose" title="Irwin Rose">Rose</a></li> <li>2005: <a href="/wiki/Yves_Chauvin" title="Yves Chauvin">Chauvin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Grubbs" title="Robert Grubbs">Grubbs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Schrock" title="Richard Schrock">Schrock</a></li> <li>2006: <a href="/wiki/Roger_Kornberg" title="Roger Kornberg">Kornberg</a></li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Ertl" title="Gerhard Ertl">Ertl</a></li> <li>2008: <a href="/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura" title="Osamu Shimomura">Shimomura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Chalfie" title="Martin Chalfie">Chalfie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roger_Tsien" title="Roger Tsien">Tsien</a></li> <li>2009: <a href="/wiki/Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan" title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan">Ramakrishnan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Steitz" title="Thomas Steitz">Steitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ada_Jonath" title="Ada Jonath">Jonath</a></li> <li>2010: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Heck" title="Richard Heck">Heck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eiichi_Negishi" title="Eiichi Negishi">Negishi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akira_Suzuki" title="Akira Suzuki">Suzuki</a></li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Dan_Szechtman" title="Dan Szechtman">Szechtman</a></li> <li>2012: <a href="/wiki/Brian_Kobilka" title="Brian Kobilka">Kobilka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lefkowitz" title="Robert Lefkowitz">Lefkowitz</a></li> <li>2013: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Karplus" title="Martin Karplus">Karplus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Levitt" title="Michael Levitt">Levitt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arieh_Warshel" title="Arieh Warshel">Warshel</a></li> <li>2014: <a href="/wiki/Eric_Betzig" title="Eric Betzig">Betzig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Hell" title="Stefan Hell">Hell</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Moerner" title="William Moerner">Moerner</a></li> <li>2015: <a href="/wiki/Tomas_Lindahl" title="Tomas Lindahl">Lindahl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Modrich" title="Paul Modrich">Modrich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aziz_Sancar" title="Aziz Sancar">Sancar</a></li> <li>2016: <a href="/wiki/Ben_Feringa" title="Ben Feringa">Feringa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage" title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage">Sauvage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart">Stoddart</a></li> <li>2017: <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Dubochet" title="Jacques Dubochet">Dubochet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Frank" title="Joachim Frank"> Frank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Henderson" title="Richard Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li>2018: <a href="/wiki/Frances_Arnold" title="Frances Arnold">Arnold</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_P._Smith" title="George P. Smith">Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gregory_P._Winter" title="Gregory P. Winter">Winter</a></li> <li>2019: <a href="/wiki/John_B._Goodenough" title="John B. Goodenough">Goodenough</a>, <a href="/wiki/M._Stanley_Whittingham" title="M. Stanley Whittingham">Whittingham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akira_Yoshino" title="Akira Yoshino">Yoshino</a></li> <li>2020: <a href="/wiki/Emmanuelle_Charpentier" title="Emmanuelle Charpentier">Charpentier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Doudna" title="Jennifer Doudna">Doudna</a></li> <li>2021: <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_List" title="Benjamin List">List</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_MacMillan" title="David MacMillan">MacMillan</a></li> <li>2022: <a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Bertozzi" title="Carolyn Bertozzi">Bertozzi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morten_Meldal" title="Morten Meldal">Meldal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barry_Sharpless" title="Barry Sharpless">Sharpless</a></li> <li>2023: <a href="/wiki/Moungi_Bawendi" title="Moungi Bawendi">Bawendi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Brus" title="Louis Brus">Brus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aleksiej_Jekimow" title="Aleksiej Jekimow">Jekimow</a></li> <li>2024: <a href="/wiki/David_Baker_(biolog)" title="David Baker (biolog)">Baker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Demis_Hassabis" title="Demis Hassabis">Hassabis</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Jumper" title="John Jumper">Jumper</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-after after"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:NobelP2.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Nobel"><img alt="Nobel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/NobelP2.png/80px-NobelP2.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/NobelP2.png/120px-NobelP2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/NobelP2.png/160px-NobelP2.png 2x" data-file-width="539" data-file-height="542" /></a></span> </p> </div></div></div> <div class="navbox do-not-make-smaller mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="pokaż" data-collapsetext="ukryj"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r74983602"><ul class="tnavbar noprint plainlinks hlist"><li><a href="/wiki/Szablon:Laureaci_Royal_Medal_(XX_wiek)" title="Szablon:Laureaci Royal Medal (XX wiek)"><span title="Pokaż ten szablon">p</span></a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dyskusja_szablonu:Laureaci_Royal_Medal_(XX_wiek)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dyskusja szablonu:Laureaci Royal Medal (XX wiek) (strona nie istnieje)"><span title="Dyskusja na temat tego szablonu">d</span></a></li><li title="Możesz edytować ten szablon. Użyj przycisku podglądu przed zapisaniem zmian."><a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Szablon:Laureaci_Royal_Medal_(XX_wiek)&action=edit">e</a></li></ul><div class="navbox-title caption">Laureaci <a href="/wiki/Royal_Medal" title="Royal Medal">Royal Medal</a> (XX wiek)</div><div class="mw-collapsible-content flex"><table class="navbox-main-content inner-standard"><tbody><tr class="a1"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">1901–1909</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li>1901: <a href="/wiki/William_Edward_Ayrton" title="William Edward Ayrton">W.E. Ayrton</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Thomas_Blanford" title="William Thomas Blanford">W.T. Blanford</a></li> <li>1902: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Albert_Sharpey-Schafer" title="Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer">E.A. Sharpey-Schafer</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Horace_Lamb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Horace Lamb (strona nie istnieje)">H. Lamb</a></li> <li>1903: <a href="/wiki/David_Gill" title="David Gill">D. Gill</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Horace_Tabberer_Brown&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Horace Tabberer Brown (strona nie istnieje)">H.T. Brown</a></li> <li>1904: <a href="/wiki/David_Bruce_(mikrobiolog)" title="David Bruce (mikrobiolog)">D. Bruce</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Burnside" title="William Burnside">W. Burnside</a></li> <li>1905: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Sherrington" title="Charles Sherrington">C.S. Sherrington</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Poynting" title="John Henry Poynting">J.H. Poynting</a></li> <li>1906: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_George_Greenhill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfred George Greenhill (strona nie istnieje)">A.G. Greenhill</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dukinfield_Henry_Scott&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dukinfield Henry Scott (strona nie istnieje)">D.H. Scott</a></li> <li>1907: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernest_William_Hobson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernest William Hobson (strona nie istnieje)">E.H. Hobson</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramsay_Heatley_Traquair&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ramsay Heatley Traquair (strona nie istnieje)">R.H. Traquair</a></li> <li>1908: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Head" title="Henry Head">H. Head</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Milne_(geolog)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Milne (geolog) (strona nie istnieje)">J. Milne</a></li> <li>1909: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Augustus_Love&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Augustus Love (strona nie istnieje)">A. Love</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Ross" title="Ronald Ross">R. Ross</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a2"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">1910–1919</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li>1910: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Orpen_Bower&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederick Orpen Bower (strona nie istnieje)">F.O. Bower</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Joly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Joly (strona nie istnieje)">J. Joly</a></li> <li>1911: <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Chrystal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Chrystal (strona nie istnieje)">G. Chrystal</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Bayliss" title="William Bayliss">W.M. Bayliss</a></li> <li>1912: <a href="/wiki/Elliot_Smith" title="Elliot Smith">G.E. Smith</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Mitchinson_Hicks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Mitchinson Hicks (strona nie istnieje)">W.M. Hicks</a></li> <li>1913: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Starling" title="Ernest Starling">E.H. Starling</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_Baily_Dixon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harold Baily Dixon (strona nie istnieje)">H.B. Dixon</a></li> <li>1914: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_William_Brown" title="Ernest William Brown">E.W. Brown</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Johnson_Sollas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Johnson Sollas (strona nie istnieje)">W.J. Sollas</a></li> <li>1915: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Larmor" title="Joseph Larmor">J. Larmor</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Halse_Rivers" title="William Halse Rivers">W.H. Rivers</a></li> <li>1916: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hector_Munro_Macdonald&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hector Munro Macdonald (strona nie istnieje)">H.M. Macdonald</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Scott_Haldane" title="John Scott Haldane">J.S. Haldane</a></li> <li>1917: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Smith_Woodward" title="Arthur Smith Woodward">A.S. Woodward</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Aitken&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Aitken (strona nie istnieje)">J. Aitken</a></li> <li>1918: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Fowler" title="Alfred Fowler">A. Fowler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Hopkins" title="Frederick Hopkins">F.G. Hopkins</a></li> <li>1919: <a href="/wiki/James_Hopwood_Jeans" title="James Hopwood Jeans">J.H. Jeans</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Bretland_Farmer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Bretland Farmer (strona nie istnieje)">J.B. Farmer</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a3"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">lata 20.</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li>1920: <a href="/wiki/Godfrey_Harold_Hardy" title="Godfrey Harold Hardy">G.H. Hardy</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Bateson" title="William Bateson">W. Bateson</a></li> <li>1921: <a href="/wiki/Frank_Watson_Dyson" title="Frank Watson Dyson">F.W. Dyson</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Blackman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederick Blackman (strona nie istnieje)">F. Blackman</a></li> <li>1922: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomson_Rees_Wilson" title="Charles Thomson Rees Wilson">C.T.R. Wilson</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Barcroft&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Barcroft (strona nie istnieje)">J. Barcroft</a></li> <li>1923: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_James_Martin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles James Martin (strona nie istnieje)">C.G. Martin</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Napier_Shaw" title="William Napier Shaw">W.N. Shaw</a></li> <li>1924: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dugald_Clerk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dugald Clerk (strona nie istnieje)">D. Clerk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Hallett_Dale" title="Henry Hallett Dale">H.H. Dale</a></li> <li>1925: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Charles_Seward" title="Albert Charles Seward">A.C. Seward</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Henry_Perkin,_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Henry Perkin, Jr. (strona nie istnieje)">W.H. Perkin Jr</a></li> <li>1926: <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Vivian_Hill" title="Archibald Vivian Hill">A.V. Hill</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Bate_Hardy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Bate Hardy (strona nie istnieje)">W.B. Hardy</a></li> <li>1927: <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Cunningham_McLennan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Cunningham McLennan (strona nie istnieje)">J.C. McLennan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Lewis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Lewis (strona nie istnieje)">T. Lewis</a></li> <li>1928: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Stanley_Eddington" title="Arthur Stanley Eddington">A.S. Eddington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Broom" title="Robert Broom">R. Broom</a></li> <li>1929: <a href="/wiki/John_Edensor_Littlewood" title="John Edensor Littlewood">J.E. Littlewood</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Muir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Muir (strona nie istnieje)">R. Muir</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a4"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">lata 30.</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li>1930: <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Edward_Marr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Edward Marr (strona nie istnieje)">J.E. Marr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Owen_Willans_Richardson" title="Owen Willans Richardson">O.W. Richardson</a></li> <li>1931: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Glazebrook&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Glazebrook (strona nie istnieje)">R. Glazebrook</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Henry_Lang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Henry Lang (strona nie istnieje)">W.H. Lang</a></li> <li>1932: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Mellanby&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Mellanby (strona nie istnieje)">E. Mellanby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Robinson" title="Robert Robinson">R. Robinson</a></li> <li>1933: <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Ingram_Taylor" title="Geoffrey Ingram Taylor">G.I. Taylor</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrick_Playfair_Laidlaw&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patrick Playfair Laidlaw (strona nie istnieje)">P.P. Laidlaw</a></li> <li>1934: <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Douglas_Adrian" title="Edgar Douglas Adrian">E.D. Adrian</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sydney_Chapman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sydney Chapman (strona nie istnieje)">S. Chapman</a></li> <li>1935: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Harker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfred Harker (strona nie istnieje)">A. Harker</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Galton_Darwin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Galton Darwin (strona nie istnieje)">C.G. Darwin</a></li> <li>1936: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edwin_Stephen_Goodrich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edwin Stephen Goodrich (strona nie istnieje)">E.S. Goodrich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Fowler" title="Ralph Fowler">R.H. Fowler</a></li> <li>1937: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Henry_Reginald_Buller&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur Henry Reginald Buller (strona nie istnieje)">A.H.R. Buller</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nevil_Vincent_Sidgwick&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nevil Vincent Sidgwick (strona nie istnieje)">N.V. Sidgwick</a></li> <li>1938: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">F.W. Aston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Fisher" title="Ronald Fisher">R.A. Fisher</a></li> <li>1939: <a href="/wiki/David_Keilin" title="David Keilin">D. Keilin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">P.A.M. Dirac</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a5"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">lata 40.</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li>1940: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Hugh_Adam_Marshall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis Hugh Adam Marshall (strona nie istnieje)">F.H.A. Marshall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Maynard_Stuart_Blackett" title="Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett">P.M.S. Blackett</a></li> <li>1941: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernest_Kennaway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernest Kennaway (strona nie istnieje)">E. Kennaway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Arthur_Milne" title="Edward Arthur Milne">E.A. Milne</a></li> <li>1942: <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Whiteman_Carlton_Topley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Whiteman Carlton Topley (strona nie istnieje)">W.W.C. Topley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Norman_Haworth" title="Walter Norman Haworth">W.N. Haworth</a></li> <li>1943: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Battersby_Bailey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Battersby Bailey (strona nie istnieje)">E.B. Bailey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harold_Spencer_Jones" title="Harold Spencer Jones">H.S. Jones</a></li> <li>1944: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Robert_Harington&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Robert Harington (strona nie istnieje)">C.R. Harington</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Brunt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Brunt (strona nie istnieje)">D. Brunt</a></li> <li>1945: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_James_Salisbury&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward James Salisbury (strona nie istnieje)">E.J. Salisbury</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Bernal" title="John Bernal">J.D. Bernal</a></li> <li>1946: <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Dean_Darlington" title="Cyril Dean Darlington">C.D. Darlington</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Lawrence_Bragg" title="William Lawrence Bragg">W.L. Bragg</a></li> <li>1947: <a href="/wiki/Frank_Macfarlane_Burnet" title="Frank Macfarlane Burnet">F.M. Burnet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Hinshelwood" title="Cyril Hinshelwood">C.N. Hinshelwood</a></li> <li>1948: <a href="/wiki/James_Gray" title="James Gray">J. Gray</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harold_Jeffreys" title="Harold Jeffreys">H. Jeffreys</a></li> <li>1949: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolph_Albert_Peters&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rudolph Albert Peters (strona nie istnieje)">R.A. Peters</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Thomson" title="George Thomson">G.P. Thomson</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a6"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">lata 50.</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li>1950: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Frederick_Abel_Pantin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl Frederick Abel Pantin (strona nie istnieje)">C.F.A. Pantin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Victor_Appleton" title="Edward Victor Appleton">E.V. Appleton</a></li> <li>1951: <a href="/wiki/Howard_Florey" title="Howard Florey">H. Florey</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ian_Heilbron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ian Heilbron (strona nie istnieje)">I. Heilbron</a></li> <li>1952: <a href="/wiki/Frederic_Bartlett" title="Frederic Bartlett">F. Bartlett</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Kelk_Ingold&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christopher Kelk Ingold (strona nie istnieje)">C.K. Ingold</a></li> <li>1953: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Fildes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Fildes (strona nie istnieje)">P. Fildes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nevill_Francis_Mott" title="Nevill Francis Mott">N.F. Mott</a></li> <li>1954: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Adolf_Krebs" title="Hans Adolf Krebs">H.A. Krebs</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Douglas_Cockcroft" title="John Douglas Cockcroft">J.D. Cockcroft</a></li> <li>1955: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vincent_Wigglesworth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vincent Wigglesworth (strona nie istnieje)">V. Wigglesworth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Todd" title="Alexander Todd">A. Todd</a></li> <li>1956: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Owen_Thomas_Jones&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Owen Thomas Jones (strona nie istnieje)">O.T. Jones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Crowfoot_Hodgkin" title="Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin">D.M.C. Hodgkin</a></li> <li>1957: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Gugenheim_Gregory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederick Gugenheim Gregory (strona nie istnieje)">F.G. Gregory</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Vallance_Douglas_Hodge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Vallance Douglas Hodge (strona nie istnieje)">W.V.D. Hodge</a></li> <li>1958: <a href="/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin">A.L. Hodgkin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harrie_Massey" title="Harrie Massey">H. Massey</a></li> <li>1959: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Medawar" title="Peter Medawar">P.B. Medawar</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_Peierls&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rudolf Peierls (strona nie istnieje)">R. Peierls</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a7"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">lata 60.</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li>1960: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roy_Cameron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roy Cameron (strona nie istnieje)">R. Cameron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lovell" title="Bernard Lovell">B. Lovell</a></li> <li>1961: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilfrid_Le_Gros_Clark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilfrid Le Gros Clark (strona nie istnieje)">W.L.G. Clark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cecil_Frank_Powell" title="Cecil Frank Powell">C.F. Powell</a></li> <li>1962: <a href="/wiki/John_Carew_Eccles" title="John Carew Eccles">J.C. Eccles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar">S. Chandrasekhar</a></li> <li>1963: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Harold_Read&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herbert Harold Read (strona nie istnieje)">H.H. Read</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Hill_(biochemik)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Hill (biochemik) (strona nie istnieje)">R. Hill</a></li> <li>1964: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Brambell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis Brambell (strona nie istnieje)">F. Brambell</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_James_Lighthill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael James Lighthill (strona nie istnieje)">M.J. Lighthill</a></li> <li>1965: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Charles_Husband&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Charles Husband (strona nie istnieje)">H.C. Husband</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Kendrew" title="John Kendrew">J.C. Kendrew</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Raymond_Arthur_Lyttleton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raymond Arthur Lyttleton (strona nie istnieje)">R.A. Lyttleton</a></li> <li>1966: <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Cockerell" title="Christopher Cockerell">C. Cockerell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Yates" title="Frank Yates">F. Yates</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Ashworth_Ratcliffe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Ashworth Ratcliffe (strona nie istnieje)">J.A. Ratcliffe</a></li> <li>1967: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Hutchinson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Hutchinson (strona nie istnieje)">J. Hutchinson</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Zachary_Young" title="John Zachary Young">J.Z. Young</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cecil_Edgar_Tilley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cecil Edgar Tilley (strona nie istnieje)">C.E. Tilley</a></li> <li>1968: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gilbert_Roberts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gilbert Roberts (strona nie istnieje)">G. Roberts</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Thomas_James_Morgan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Thomas James Morgan (strona nie istnieje)">W.T.J. Morgan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Atiyah" title="Michael Atiyah">M.F. Atiyah</a></li> <li>1969: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_William_Oatley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles William Oatley (strona nie istnieje)">C.W. Oatley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">F. Sanger</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Edward_Raven_Deacon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Edward Raven Deacon (strona nie istnieje)">G.E.R. Deacon</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a8"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">lata 70.</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li>1970: <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Fleetwood_Baker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Fleetwood Baker (strona nie istnieje)">J.F. Baker</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Albert_Hugh_Rushton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Albert Hugh Rushton (strona nie istnieje)">W.A.H. Rushton</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingsley_Charles_Dunham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kingsley Charles Dunham (strona nie istnieje)">K.C. Dunham</a></li> <li>1971: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Percy_Edward_Kent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Percy Edward Kent (strona nie istnieje)">P.E. Kent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Max_Perutz" title="Max Perutz">M. Perutz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Herzberg" title="Gerhard Herzberg">G. Herzberg</a></li> <li>1972: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilfrid_Bennett_Lewis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilfrid Bennett Lewis (strona nie istnieje)">W.B. Lewis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick">F. Crick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Derek_Barton" title="Derek Barton">D. Barton</a></li> <li>1973: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Penley_Abraham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Penley Abraham (strona nie istnieje)">E.P. Abraham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rodney_Robert_Porter" title="Rodney Robert Porter">R.R. Porter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle">M. Ryle</a></li> <li>1974: <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Brenner" title="Sydney Brenner">S. Brenner</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Edwards&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Edwards (strona nie istnieje)">G. Edwards</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fred_Hoyle" title="Fred Hoyle">F. Hoyle</a></li> <li>1975: <a href="/wiki/Barnes_Wallis" title="Barnes Wallis">B. Wallis</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Chilton_Phillips&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Chilton Phillips (strona nie istnieje)">D.C. Phillips</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Bullard" title="Edward Bullard">E. Bullard</a></li> <li>1976: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Walsh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alan Walsh (strona nie istnieje)">A. Walsh</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Learmonth_Gowans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Learmonth Gowans (strona nie istnieje)">J.L. Gowans</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Cornforth" title="John Cornforth">J.W. Cornforth</a></li> <li>1977: <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Bertram_Adams&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Bertram Adams (strona nie istnieje)">J.B. Adams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Huxley" title="Hugh Huxley">H.E. Huxley</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Hirsch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Hirsch (strona nie istnieje)">P. Hirsch</a></li> <li>1978: <a href="/wiki/Tom_Kilburn" title="Tom Kilburn">T. Kilburn</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roderic_Alfred_Gregory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roderic Alfred Gregory (strona nie istnieje)">R.A. Gregory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam">A. Salam</a></li> <li>1979: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vernon_Ellis_Cosslett&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vernon Ellis Cosslett (strona nie istnieje)">V.E. Cosslett</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Walter_Kosterlitz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Walter Kosterlitz (strona nie istnieje)">H.W. Kosterlitz</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Frank&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Frank (strona nie istnieje)">C. Frank</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a9"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">lata 80.</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li>1980: <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Paul_Wild&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Paul Wild (strona nie istnieje)">J.P. Wild</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Harris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Harris (strona nie istnieje)">H. Harris</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Denys_Wilkinson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Denys Wilkinson (strona nie istnieje)">D. Wilkinson</a></li> <li>1981: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralph_Riley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ralph Riley (strona nie istnieje)">R. Riley</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marthe_Louise_Vogt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marthe Louise Vogt (strona nie istnieje)">M.L. Vogt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Wilkinson" title="Geoffrey Wilkinson">G. Wilkinson</a></li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Milstein" title="César Milstein">C. Milstein</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Hawthorne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Hawthorne (strona nie istnieje)">W. Hawthorne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Dalitz" title="Richard Dalitz">R.H. Dalitz</a></li> <li>1983: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Joseph_Bradley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniel Joseph Bradley (strona nie istnieje)">D.J. Bradley</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Siegmund_Feldberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilhelm Siegmund Feldberg (strona nie istnieje)">W.S. Feldberg</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Kingman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Kingman (strona nie istnieje)">J. Kingman</a></li> <li>1984: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Lamb_Cullen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexander Lamb Cullen (strona nie istnieje)">A.L. Cullen</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Lyon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary Lyon (strona nie istnieje)">M. Lyon</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Battersby&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alan Battersby (strona nie istnieje)">A. Battersby</a></li> <li>1985: <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Argyris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Argyris (strona nie istnieje)">J. Argyris</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Bertrand_Gurdon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Bertrand Gurdon (strona nie istnieje)">J.B. Gurdon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roger_Penrose" title="Roger Penrose">R. Penrose</a></li> <li>1986: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eric_Ash&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eric Ash (strona nie istnieje)">E. Ash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Doll" title="Richard Doll">R. Doll</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rex_Richards&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rex Richards (strona nie istnieje)">R. Richards</a></li> <li>1987: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Victor_Rudolf_Born&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gustav Victor Rudolf Born (strona nie istnieje)">G.V.R. Born</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eric_James_Denton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eric James Denton (strona nie istnieje)">E.J. Denton</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Graham-Smith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis Graham-Smith (strona nie istnieje)">F. Graham-Smith</a></li> <li>1988: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_Barlow_(in%C5%BCynier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harold Barlow (inżynier) (strona nie istnieje)">H. Barlow</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Winifred_Watkins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Winifred Watkins (strona nie istnieje)">W. Watkins</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Batchelor" title="George Batchelor">G. Batchelor</a></li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/John_Vane" title="John Vane">J. Vane</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Weatherall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Weatherall (strona nie istnieje)">D. Weatherall</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Polanyi" title="John Polanyi">J.C. Polanyi</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a10"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">lata 90.</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li>1990: <a href="/wiki/Olgierd_Zienkiewicz" title="Olgierd Zienkiewicz">O.C. Zienkiewicz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anne_McLaren" title="Anne McLaren">A. McLaren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Berry_(fizyk)" title="Michael Berry (fizyk)">M. Berry</a></li> <li>1991: <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Mason&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Mason (strona nie istnieje)">J. Mason</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Berridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Berridge (strona nie istnieje)">M. Berridge</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dan_McKenzie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dan McKenzie (strona nie istnieje)">D. McKenzie</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Tabor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Tabor (strona nie istnieje)">D. Tabor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Epstein" title="Michael Epstein">M.A. Epstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Simon_Donaldson" title="Simon Donaldson">S. Donaldson</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rodney_Hill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rodney Hill (strona nie istnieje)">R. Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horace_Barlow" title="Horace Barlow">H. Barlow</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Volker_Heine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Volker Heine (strona nie istnieje)">V. Heine</a></li> <li>1994: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Salvador_Moncada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salvador Moncada (strona nie istnieje)">S. Moncada</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eric_Mansfield&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eric Mansfield (strona nie istnieje)">E. Mansfield</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sivaramakrishna_Chandrasekhar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sivaramakrishna Chandrasekhar (strona nie istnieje)">S. Chandrasekhar</a></li> <li>1995: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Metcalf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donald Metcalf (strona nie istnieje)">D. Metcalf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Nurse" title="Paul Nurse">P. Nurse</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_J_Williams&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert J Williams (strona nie istnieje)">R.J. Williams</a></li> <li>1996: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Hinde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Hinde (strona nie istnieje)">R. Hinde</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_Heslop-Harrison&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jack Heslop-Harrison (strona nie istnieje)">J. Heslop-Harrison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Wiles" title="Andrew Wiles">A. Wiles</a></li> <li>1997: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Geoffrey_Eglinton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geoffrey Eglinton (strona nie istnieje)">G. Eglinton</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Maynard_Smith" title="John Maynard Smith">J.M. Smith</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Hill_Perkins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donald Hill Perkins (strona nie istnieje)">D.H. Perkins</a></li> <li>1998: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edwin_Southern&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edwin Southern (strona nie istnieje)">E. Southern</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ricardo_Miledi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ricardo Miledi (strona nie istnieje)">R. Miledi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Charlton_Bradley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donald Charlton Bradley (strona nie istnieje)">D.C. Bradley</a></li> <li>1999: <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Frank_Davidson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Frank Davidson (strona nie istnieje)">J.F. Davidson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patrick_David_Wall" title="Patrick David Wall">P.D. Wall</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Archibald_Howie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archibald Howie (strona nie istnieje)">A. Howie</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a11"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">rok 2000</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">T. Berners-Lee</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Geoffrey_Burnstock&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geoffrey Burnstock (strona nie istnieje)">G. Burnstock</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Keith_Usherwood_Ingold&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keith Usherwood Ingold (strona nie istnieje)">K.U. Ingold</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-after after"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:George-IV-of-Great-Britain-cropped.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/George-IV-of-Great-Britain-cropped.png/100px-George-IV-of-Great-Britain-cropped.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/George-IV-of-Great-Britain-cropped.png/150px-George-IV-of-Great-Britain-cropped.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/40/George-IV-of-Great-Britain-cropped.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> </p> </div></div></div> <div class="navbox do-not-make-smaller mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="pokaż" data-collapsetext="ukryj"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r74983602"><ul class="tnavbar noprint plainlinks hlist"><li><a href="/wiki/Szablon:Laureaci_Medalu_Hughesa" title="Szablon:Laureaci Medalu Hughesa"><span title="Pokaż ten szablon">p</span></a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dyskusja_szablonu:Laureaci_Medalu_Hughesa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dyskusja szablonu:Laureaci Medalu Hughesa (strona nie istnieje)"><span title="Dyskusja na temat tego szablonu">d</span></a></li><li title="Możesz edytować ten szablon. Użyj przycisku podglądu przed zapisaniem zmian."><a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Szablon:Laureaci_Medalu_Hughesa&action=edit">e</a></li></ul><div class="navbox-title caption">Laureaci <a href="/wiki/Hughes_Medal" title="Hughes Medal">Medalu Hughesa</a></div><div class="mw-collapsible-content flex"><table class="navbox-main-content inner-standard"><tbody><tr class="a1"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">XX wiek</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li>1902: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_John_Thomson" title="Joseph John Thomson">Joseph John Thomson</a></li> <li>1903: <a href="/wiki/Johann_Wilhelm_Hittorf" title="Johann Wilhelm Hittorf">Johann Wilhelm Hittorf</a></li> <li>1904: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Wilson_Swan" title="Joseph Wilson Swan">Joseph Wilson Swan</a></li> <li>1905: <a href="/wiki/Augusto_Righi" title="Augusto Righi">Augusto Righi</a></li> <li>1906: <a href="/wiki/Hertha_Marks_Ayrton" title="Hertha Marks Ayrton">Hertha Marks Ayrton</a></li> <li>1907: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Howard_Griffiths" title="Ernest Howard Griffiths">Ernest Griffiths</a></li> <li>1908: <a href="/wiki/Eugen_Goldstein" title="Eugen Goldstein">Eugen Goldstein</a></li> <li>1909: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Glazebrook&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Glazebrook (strona nie istnieje)">Richard Glazebrook</a></li> <li>1910: <a href="/wiki/John_Ambrose_Fleming" title="John Ambrose Fleming">John Ambrose Fleming</a></li> <li>1911: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomson_Rees_Wilson" title="Charles Thomson Rees Wilson">Charles Thomson Rees Wilson</a></li> <li>1912: <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Duddell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Duddell (strona nie istnieje)">William Duddell</a></li> <li>1913: <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell" title="Alexander Graham Bell">Alexander Graham Bell</a></li> <li>1914: <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Sealy_Townsend&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Sealy Townsend (strona nie istnieje)">John S. Townsend</a></li> <li>1915: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Langevin" title="Paul Langevin">Paul Langevin</a></li> <li>1916: <a href="/wiki/Elihu_Thomson" title="Elihu Thomson">Elihu Thomson</a></li> <li>1917: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Glover_Barkla" title="Charles Glover Barkla">Charles Glover Barkla</a></li> <li>1918: <a href="/wiki/Irving_Langmuir" title="Irving Langmuir">Irving Langmuir</a></li> <li>1919: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Chree&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Chree (strona nie istnieje)">Charles Chree</a></li> <li>1920: <a href="/wiki/Owen_Willans_Richardson" title="Owen Willans Richardson">Owen Willans Richardson</a></li> <li>1921: <a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">Niels H.D. Bohr</a></li> <li>1922: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Francis William Aston</a></li> <li>1923: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Millikan" title="Robert Millikan">Robert Millikan</a></li> <li>1925: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Edward_Smith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frank Edward Smith (strona nie istnieje)">Frank Edward Smith</a></li> <li>1926: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Jackson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Jackson (strona nie istnieje)">Henry Jackson</a></li> <li>1927: <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_David_Coolidge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William David Coolidge (strona nie istnieje)">William Coolidge</a></li> <li>1928: <a href="/wiki/Maurice_de_Broglie" title="Maurice de Broglie">Maurice de Broglie</a></li> <li>1929: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Geiger" title="Hans Geiger">Hans Geiger</a></li> <li>1930: <a href="/wiki/Chandrasekhara_Venkata_Raman" title="Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman">Venkata Raman</a></li> <li>1931: <a href="/wiki/William_Lawrence_Bragg" title="William Lawrence Bragg">William Lawrence Bragg</a></li> <li>1932: <a href="/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick">James Chadwick</a></li> <li>1933: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Victor_Appleton" title="Edward Victor Appleton">Edward Victor Appleton</a></li> <li>1934: <a href="/wiki/Manne_Siegbahn" title="Manne Siegbahn">Karl Manne Georg Siegbahn</a></li> <li>1935: <a href="/wiki/Clinton_Joseph_Davisson" title="Clinton Joseph Davisson">Clinton Joseph Davisson</a></li> <li>1936: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Schottky" title="Walter Schottky">Walter Schottky</a></li> <li>1937: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lawrence" title="Ernest Lawrence">Ernest Orlando Lawrence</a></li> <li>1938: <a href="/wiki/John_Douglas_Cockcroft" title="John Douglas Cockcroft">John Douglas Cockcroft</a> i <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Walton" title="Ernest Walton">Ernest Walton</a></li> <li>1939: <a href="/wiki/George_Thomson" title="George Thomson">George Thomson</a></li> <li>1940: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Compton" title="Arthur Compton">Arthur Compton</a></li> <li>1941: <a href="/wiki/Nevill_Francis_Mott" title="Nevill Francis Mott">Nevill Francis Mott</a></li> <li>1942: <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Enrico Fermi</a></li> <li>1943: <a href="/wiki/Mark_Oliphant" title="Mark Oliphant">Marcus Laurence Elwin Oliphant</a></li> <li>1944: <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Ingle_Finch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Ingle Finch (strona nie istnieje)">George Ingle Finch</a></li> <li>1945: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Basil_F.J._Schonland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Basil F.J. Schonland (strona nie istnieje)">Basil F.J. Schonland</a></li> <li>1946: <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Turton_Randall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Turton Randall (strona nie istnieje)">John Turton Randall</a></li> <li>1947: <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Joliot-Curie" title="Frédéric Joliot-Curie">Jean Frederick Joliot</a></li> <li>1948: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Watson-Watt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Watson-Watt (strona nie istnieje)">Robert Watson-Watt</a></li> <li>1949: <a href="/wiki/Cecil_Frank_Powell" title="Cecil Frank Powell">Cecil Frank Powell</a></li> <li>1950: <a href="/wiki/Max_Born" title="Max Born">Max Born</a></li> <li>1951: <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Anthony_Kramers" title="Hendrik Anthony Kramers">Hendrik Anthony Kramers</a></li> <li>1952: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Dee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philip Dee (strona nie istnieje)">Philip Ivor Dee</a></li> <li>1953: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Bullard" title="Edward Bullard">Edward Bullard</a></li> <li>1954: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle">Martin Ryle</a></li> <li>1955: <a href="/wiki/Harrie_Massey" title="Harrie Massey">Harrie S.W. Massey</a></li> <li>1956: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Lindemann" title="Frederick Lindemann">Frederick Lindemann</a></li> <li>1957: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Proudman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Proudman (strona nie istnieje)">Joseph Proudman</a></li> <li>1958: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Andrade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Andrade (strona nie istnieje)">Edward Andrade</a></li> <li>1959: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Brian_Pippard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfred Brian Pippard (strona nie istnieje)">Alfred Brian Pippard</a></li> <li>1960: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Lade_Pawsey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Lade Pawsey (strona nie istnieje)">Joseph Lade Pawsey</a></li> <li>1961: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Howard_Cottrell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alan Howard Cottrell (strona nie istnieje)">Alan Howard Cottrell</a></li> <li>1962: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brebis_Bleaney&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brebis Bleaney (strona nie istnieje)">Brebis Bleaney</a></li> <li>1963: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederic_Calland_Williams&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederic Calland Williams (strona nie istnieje)">Frederic Calland Williams</a></li> <li>1964: <a href="/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam">Abdus Salam</a></li> <li>1965: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Denys_Wilkinson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Denys Wilkinson (strona nie istnieje)">Denys Wilkinson</a></li> <li>1966: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicholas_Kemmer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicholas Kemmer (strona nie istnieje)">Nicholas Kemmer</a></li> <li>1967: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurt_Mendelssohn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kurt Mendelssohn (strona nie istnieje)">Kurt Mendelssohn</a></li> <li>1968: <a href="/wiki/Freeman_Dyson" title="Freeman Dyson">Freeman Dyson</a></li> <li>1969: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicholas_Kurti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicholas Kurti (strona nie istnieje)">Nicholas Kurti</a></li> <li>1970: <a href="/wiki/David_Robert_Bates" title="David Robert Bates">David Bates</a></li> <li>1971: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Hanbury_Brown&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Hanbury Brown (strona nie istnieje)">Robert Hanbury Brown</a></li> <li>1972: <a href="/wiki/Brian_David_Josephson" title="Brian David Josephson">Brian David Josephson</a></li> <li>1973: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Hirsch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Hirsch (strona nie istnieje)">Peter Hirsch</a></li> <li>1974: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_H._Fowler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter H. Fowler (strona nie istnieje)">Peter H. Fowler</a></li> <li>1975: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Dalitz" title="Richard Dalitz">Richard Dalitz</a></li> <li>1976: <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Hawking" title="Stephen Hawking">Stephen Hawking</a></li> <li>1977: <a href="/wiki/Antony_Hewish" title="Antony Hewish">Antony Hewish</a></li> <li>1978: <a href="/wiki/William_Cochran" title="William Cochran">William Cochran</a></li> <li>1979: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_J.P._Williams&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert J.P. Williams (strona nie istnieje)">Robert J.P. Williams</a></li> <li>1980: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_James_Farley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis James Farley (strona nie istnieje)">Francis James Farley</a></li> <li>1981: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Higgs" title="Peter Higgs">Peter Ware Higgs</a> i <a href="/wiki/Tom_Kibble" title="Tom Kibble">Tom Kibble</a></li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/Drummond_Matthews" title="Drummond Matthews">Drummond Matthews</a> i <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Vine" title="Frederick Vine">Frederick Vine</a></li> <li>1983: <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Clive_Ward&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Clive Ward (strona nie istnieje)">John Clive Ward</a></li> <li>1984: <a href="/wiki/Roy_P._Kerr" title="Roy P. Kerr">Roy P. Kerr</a></li> <li>1985: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tony_Skyrme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tony Skyrme (strona nie istnieje)">Tony Skyrme</a></li> <li>1986: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Woolfson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Woolfson (strona nie istnieje)">Michael Woolfson</a></li> <li>1987: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Pepper&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Pepper (strona nie istnieje)">Michael Pepper</a></li> <li>1988: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Archibald_Howie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archibald Howie (strona nie istnieje)">Archibald Howie</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_J._Whelan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael J. Whelan (strona nie istnieje)">Michael J. Whelan</a></li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/John_Stewart_Bell" title="John Stewart Bell">John Stewart Bell</a></li> <li>1990: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_George_Cowling" title="Thomas George Cowling">Thomas George Cowling</a></li> <li>1991: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Burton_Moon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philip Burton Moon (strona nie istnieje)">Philip Burton Moon</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_J._Seaton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael J. Seaton (strona nie istnieje)">Michael J. Seaton</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/wiki/George_Isaak" title="George Isaak">George Isaak</a></li> <li>1994: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_G._Chambers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert G. Chambers (strona nie istnieje)">Robert G. Chambers</a></li> <li>1995: <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Shoenberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Shoenberg (strona nie istnieje)">David Shoenberg</a></li> <li>1996: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amyand_David_Buckingham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amyand David Buckingham (strona nie istnieje)">Amyand David Buckingham</a></li> <li>1997: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrew_R._Lang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrew R. Lang (strona nie istnieje)">Andrew R. Lang</a></li> <li>1998: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Raymond_Hide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raymond Hide (strona nie istnieje)">Raymond Hide</a></li> <li>1999: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Boksenberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexander Boksenberg (strona nie istnieje)">Alexander Boksenberg</a></li> <li>2000: <a href="/wiki/Chintamani_Nagesa_Ramachandra_Rao" title="Chintamani Nagesa Ramachandra Rao">Chintamani N.R. Rao</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a2"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">XXI wiek</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li>2001: <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Pethica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Pethica (strona nie istnieje)">John Pethica</a></li> <li>2002: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Dalgarno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexander Dalgarno (strona nie istnieje)">Alexander Dalgarno</a></li> <li>2003: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Edwards&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Edwards (strona nie istnieje)">Peter Edwards</a></li> <li>2004: <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Clarke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Clarke (strona nie istnieje)">John Clarke</a></li> <li>2005: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Keith_Moffatt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keith Moffatt (strona nie istnieje)">Keith Moffatt</a></li> <li>2006: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_J._Kelly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael J. Kelly (strona nie istnieje)">Michael J. Kelly</a></li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/Artur_Ekert" title="Artur Ekert">Artur Ekert</a></li> <li>2008: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michele_Dougherty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michele Dougherty (strona nie istnieje)">Michele Dougherty</a></li> <li>2010: <a href="/wiki/Andriej_Gejm" title="Andriej Gejm">Andriej Gejm</a></li> <li>2011: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Matthew_Rosseinsky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matthew Rosseinsky (strona nie istnieje)">Matthew Rosseinsky</a></li> <li>2013: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henning_Sirringhaus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henning Sirringhaus (strona nie istnieje)">Henning Sirringhaus</a></li> <li>2015: <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Efstathiou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Efstathiou (strona nie istnieje)">George Efstathiou</a></li> <li>2017: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Bruce&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Bruce (strona nie istnieje)">Peter Bruce</a></li> <li>2018: <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Durrant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Durrant (strona nie istnieje)">James Durrant</a></li> <li>2019: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrew_Cooper_(naukowiec)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrew Cooper (naukowiec) (strona nie istnieje)">Andrew Cooper</a></li> <li>2020: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clare_Grey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clare Grey (strona nie istnieje)">Clare Grey</a></li> <li>2021: <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Irvine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Irvine (strona nie istnieje)">John Irvine</a></li> <li>2022: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saiful_Islam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saiful Islam (strona nie istnieje)">Saiful Islam</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-after after"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:HughesMedal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/HughesMedal.jpg/100px-HughesMedal.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/HughesMedal.jpg/150px-HughesMedal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/HughesMedal.jpg/200px-HughesMedal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1234" data-file-height="1221" /></a></span> </p> </div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74016753">.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div+div{margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div>div{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);padding:.2em .5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul li:first-child{padding-left:.5em;border-left:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}</style> <div id="normdaten" class="catlinks"><div class="normdaten-typ-p"><div><a href="/wiki/Kontrola_autorytatywna" title="Kontrola autorytatywna">Kontrola autorytatywna</a> (<span class="description">osoba</span>):</div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000110514919">0000000110514919</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://viaf.org/viaf/32095482">32095482</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lccn.loc.gov/nb2003099867">nb2003099867</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/117765740">117765740</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale" title="Bibliothèque nationale">BnF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12465136v">12465136v</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_Universitaire_de_Documentation" title="Système Universitaire de Documentation">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idref.fr/073300888">073300888</a></span></li><li><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servizio_bibliotecario_nazionale" class="extiw" title="it:Servizio bibliotecario nazionale">SBN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.sbn.it/af/MILV121019">MILV121019</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Australii" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Australii">NLA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35789395">35789395</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Republiki_Czeskiej" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Republiki Czeskiej">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aut.nkp.cz/ola2002149968">ola2002149968</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Holenderska_Biblioteka_Narodowa" title="Holenderska Biblioteka Narodowa">NTA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/doc/thes/p130814113">130814113</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/BIBSYS" title="BIBSYS">BIBSYS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/3016521">3016521</a></span></li><li><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/CiNii" class="extiw" title="jp:CiNii">CiNii</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA15194002">DA15194002</a></span></li><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Library" class="extiw" title="en:Open Library">Open Library</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL2314953A">OL2314953A</a></span>, <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL5747207A">OL5747207A</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_(Warszawa)" title="Biblioteka Narodowa (Warszawa)">PLWABN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810624982405606">9810624982405606</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/NUKAT" title="NUKAT">NUKAT</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nukat.edu.pl/aut/n%20%2000043566">n00043566</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">OBIN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/30486">30486</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Izraela" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Izraela">J9U</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007257911605171">987007257911605171</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Portugalii" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Portugalii">PTBNP</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://urn.bn.pt/nca/unimarc-authorities/txt?id=780481">780481</a></span></li><li><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%C3%A0leg_d%27autoritats_de_noms_i_t%C3%ADtols_de_Catalunya" class="extiw" title="ca:Catàleg d'autoritats de noms i títols de Catalunya">CANTIC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cantic.bnc.cat/registres/CUCId/a11373362">a11373362</a></span></li></ul></div><div class="normdaten-andere"><div><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_internetowa" title="Encyklopedia internetowa">Encyklopedie internetowe</a>:</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_PWN_(internetowa)" title="Encyklopedia PWN (internetowa)">PWN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/;3871817.html">3871817</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_Britannica" title="Encyklopedia Britannica">Britannica</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Francis-William-Aston">biography/Francis-William-Aston</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Treccani" title="Enciclopedia Treccani">Treccani</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/francis-william-aston">francis-william-aston</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P3219" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P3219">Universalis</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/francis-william-aston/">francis-william-aston</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalencyklopedin" title="Nationalencyklopedin">NE.se</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/lång/francis-william-aston">francis-william-aston</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Store_norske_leksikon" title="Store norske leksikon">SNL</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=4342&url_prefix=https://snl.no/&id=Francis_W._Aston">Francis_W._Aston</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visuotin%C4%97_lietuvi%C5%B3_enciklopedija" title="Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija">VLE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/francis-william-aston/">francis-william-aston</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1296" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P1296">Catalana</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/ec-gec-0005835.xml">0005835</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_Store_Danske_Encyklop%C3%A6di" title="Den Store Danske Encyklopædi">DSDE</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8313&url_prefix=https://lex.dk/&id=Francis_William_Aston">Francis_William_Aston</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrvatska_enciklopedija" title="Hrvatska enciklopedija">Hrvatska enciklopedija</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=4296">4296</a></span></li></ul> </div></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Źródło: „<a dir="ltr" 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