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John Zachary Young – Wikipedia, wolna encyklopedia

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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Początek</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Życiorys" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Życiorys"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Życiorys</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Życiorys-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wybrane_prace" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wybrane_prace"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Wybrane prace</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wybrane_prace-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Przypisy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Przypisy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Przypisy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Przypisy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Linki_zewnętrzne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Linki_zewnętrzne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Linki zewnętrzne</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Linki_zewnętrzne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Spis treści" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Przełącz stan spisu treści" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Przełącz stan spisu treści</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">John Zachary Young</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Przejdź do artykułu w innym języku. Treść dostępna w 9 językach" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-9" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">9 języków</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Zachary_Young" title="John Zachary Young – niemiecki" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="John Zachary Young" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Zachary_Young" title="John Zachary Young – angielski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="John Zachary Young" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angielski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Zachary_Young" title="John Zachary Young – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="John Zachary Young" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Zachary_Young" title="John Zachary Young – włoski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="John Zachary Young" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="włoski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%89_%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AC" title="جون زاتشارى يونج – egipski arabski" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جون زاتشارى يونج" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egipski arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Zachary_Young" title="John Zachary Young – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="John Zachary Young" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%88%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Џон Закари Јанг – serbski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Џон Закари Јанг" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96_%D0%AF%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Джон Закарі Янг – ukraiński" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джон Закарі Янг" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E6%89%8E%E5%8D%A1%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E6%9D%A8" title="约翰·扎卡里·杨 – chiński" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="约翰·扎卡里·杨" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCka&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=John+Zachary+Young"><span>Utwórz książkę</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=John_Zachary_Young&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>Pobierz jako PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Zachary_Young&amp;printable=yes" title="Wersja do wydruku [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Wersja do druku</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> W innych projektach </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:John_Zachary_Young" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/John_Zachary_Young" hreflang="en"><span>Wikispecies</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3182803" title="Link do powiązanego elementu w repozytorium danych [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidanych</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Narzędzia dla stron"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Wygląd"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance 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encyklopedii</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pl" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:John_Zachary_Young_1978b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/John_Zachary_Young_1978b.jpg/220px-John_Zachary_Young_1978b.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/John_Zachary_Young_1978b.jpg/330px-John_Zachary_Young_1978b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/John_Zachary_Young_1978b.jpg/440px-John_Zachary_Young_1978b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2282" data-file-height="2744" /></a><figcaption>J.Z. Young (1978)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>John Zachary Young</b> (ur. <a href="/wiki/18_marca" title="18 marca">18 marca</a> <a href="/wiki/1907" title="1907">1907</a> w <a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristolu</a>, zm. <a href="/wiki/4_lipca" title="4 lipca">4 lipca</a> <a href="/wiki/1997" title="1997">1997</a> w <a href="/wiki/Oksford" title="Oksford">Oksfordzie</a>) – <a href="/wiki/Anglicy" title="Anglicy">angielski</a> <a href="/wiki/Zoologia" title="Zoologia">zoolog</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anatomia" title="Anatomia">anatom</a> i <a href="/wiki/Neurofizjologia" title="Neurofizjologia">neurofizjolog</a>, uznawany za najwybitniejszego anatoma <a href="/wiki/Bezkr%C4%99gowce" title="Bezkręgowce">bezkręgowców</a> w XX wieku, pionier eksperymentalnych badań <a href="/wiki/Uk%C5%82ad_nerwowy" title="Układ nerwowy">układu nerwowego</a> i <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B3zg" title="Mózg">mózgu</a> (<a href="/wiki/Uczenie_si%C4%99" title="Uczenie się">uczenie się</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pami%C4%99%C4%87" title="Pamięć">pamięć</a>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Życiorys"><span id=".C5.BByciorys"></span>Życiorys</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Zachary_Young&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edytuj sekcję: Życiorys" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Zachary_Young&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Życiorys"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jego rodzicami byli Philip i Constance Young (<a href="/wiki/Thomas_Young" title="Thomas Young">Thomas Young</a> był bratem jego prapradziadka). Uczęszczał do Marlborough College w <a href="/wiki/Wiltshire" title="Wiltshire">Wiltshire</a>. Studia skończył w Magdalen College w <a href="/wiki/Uniwersytet_Oksfordzki" title="Uniwersytet Oksfordzki">Oxford University</a>. W latach 1945–1974 był <a href="/wiki/Profesor" title="Profesor">profesorem</a> anatomii w <a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">University College London</a><sup id="cite_ref-nndb.com_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nndb.com-1">[1]</a></sup>. </p><p>Pierwsze dwie prace naukowe opublikował już w roku 1929 (obie dotyczyły anatomii <a href="/wiki/G%C5%82owonogi" title="Głowonogi">głowonogów</a>, jedna z nich – odkrycia nieznanego dotychczas <a href="/wiki/Narz%C4%85d" title="Narząd">narządu</a>). W późniejszych latach opublikował łącznie ok. 150 artykułów i kilka książek na temat tej <a href="/wiki/Gromada_(biologia)" title="Gromada (biologia)">gromady</a> <a href="/wiki/Mi%C4%99czaki" title="Mięczaki">mięczaków</a>. Nie przerywał pracy do chwili śmierci. </p><p>Za szczególnie istotne dokonanie uważa się rozpoczęcie w roku 1936 doświadczalnych badań mechanizmu przekazywania <a href="/wiki/Potencja%C5%82_czynno%C5%9Bciowy" title="Potencjał czynnościowy">impulsów nerwowych</a> (badania <a href="/wiki/Pobudliwo%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Pobudliwość">pobudliwości neuronów</a>) w <a href="/wiki/Uk%C5%82ad_nerwowy" title="Układ nerwowy">układzie nerwowym</a>. Stało się to możliwe dzięki opracowaniu metodyki pomiarów potencjałów <a href="/wiki/B%C5%82ona_kom%C3%B3rkowa" title="Błona komórkowa">błony komórkowej</a> <a href="/wiki/Olbrzymi_akson_ka%C5%82amarnicy" title="Olbrzymi akson kałamarnicy">olbrzymiego aksonu</a> <a href="/wiki/Ka%C5%82amarnice" title="Kałamarnice">kałamarnicy</a> (metodę badań zastosowali <a href="/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin">A.L. Hodgin</a> i <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Fielding_Huxley" title="Andrew Fielding Huxley">A.F. Huxley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laureaci_Nagrody_Nobla_w_dziedzinie_fizjologii_lub_medycyny" title="Laureaci Nagrody Nobla w dziedzinie fizjologii lub medycyny">laureaci Nagrody Nobla w dziedzinie fizjologii lub medycyny</a> w roku 1952 „za odkrycia dotyczące mechanizmów jonowych zaangażowanych w pobudzanie i inhibicję peryferyjnych i centralnych części błony komórkowej nerwów”). </p><p>Był członkiem <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> od roku 1945. W roku 1973 otrzymał Linnean Medal od <a href="/wiki/Towarzystwo_Linneuszowskie_w_Londynie" title="Towarzystwo Linneuszowskie w Londynie">Linnean Society of London</a>, w 1991 – honorowe obywatelstwo <a href="/wiki/Neapol" title="Neapol">Neapolu</a><sup id="cite_ref-nndb.com_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nndb.com-1">[1]</a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wybrane_prace">Wybrane prace</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Zachary_Young&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edytuj sekcję: Wybrane prace" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Zachary_Young&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Wybrane prace"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>W bazie NNDB wymieniono<sup id="cite_ref-nndb.com_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nndb.com-1">[1]</a></sup>: </p> <ul><li><i>The Life of Vertebrates</i><sup id="cite_ref-Life-Vert_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Life-Vert-2">[2]</a></sup>. New York: Oxford University Press, 1950, 1962</li> <li><i>Doubt and Certainty in Science</i> (1951)</li> <li><i>The Life of Mammals</i> (1957)</li> <li><i>A Model of the Brain</i> (1964)</li> <li><i>The Memory System of the Brain</i> (1966)</li> <li><i>An Introduction to the Study of Man</i> (1971)</li> <li><i>The Anatomy of the Nervous System of Octopus vulgaris</i> (1971)</li> <li><i>Programs of the Brain</i> (1978)</li> <li><i>Philosophy and the Brain</i> (1987)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Przypisy">Przypisy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Zachary_Young&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edytuj sekcję: Przypisy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Zachary_Young&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Przypisy"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-nndb.com-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-nndb.com_1-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-nndb.com_1-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-nndb.com_1-2">c</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nndb.com/people/700/000117349/">John Zachary Young</a>.&#32;[w:] <i>Notable Names Database (NNDB)</i> [on-line].&#32;[dostęp 2016-01-18].&#32;<span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Life-Vert-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Life-Vert_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">John Z. Young:&#32;<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lifeofvertebrate00youn">The Life of Vertebrates (wyd. 2)</a></i>.&#32;New York &amp; Oxford&#58;&#32;Oxford University Press,&#32;1962. [dostęp 2016-01-18].<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Life+of+Vertebrates+%28wyd.+2%29&amp;rft.au=John+Z.+Young&amp;rft.date=1962&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.place=New+York+%26+Oxford&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flifeofvertebrate00youn"></span></cite><span class="problemy" aria-hidden="true" data-nosnippet=""> Brak numerów stron w książce</span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Zachary_Young&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edytuj sekcję: Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Zachary_Young&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Bibliografia"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Brian B. Boycott. <i>John Zachary Young. 18 March 1907-4 July 1997</i>. Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society, Vol. 44 (Nov., 1998), s. 487–509</li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Quentin Bone.&#32;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-professor-j-z-young-1249608.html"><em>Obituary: Professor J. Z. Young</em></a>.&#32;„<a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>”,&#32;8 July 1997.&#32;<span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Obituary%3A+Professor+J.+Z.+Young&amp;rft.jtitle=%5B%5BThe+Independent%5D%5D&amp;rft.date=8+July+1997&amp;rft.au=Quentin+Bone&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpeople%2Fobituary-professor-j-z-young-1249608.html"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span><span class="problemy" aria-hidden="true" data-nosnippet="">brak numeru strony</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Linki_zewnętrzne"><span id="Linki_zewn.C4.99trzne"></span>Linki zewnętrzne</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Zachary_Young&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edytuj sekcję: Linki zewnętrzne" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Zachary_Young&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Linki zewnętrzne"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>P.K. Thomas, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1467769/">John Zachary Young, F.R.S., Hon. F.B.A., M.A. (1907–1997)</a>, J Anat. 1998 Feb; 192 (Pt 2): 313–314, doi: 10.1046/j.1469-7580.1998.19220313.x</li> <li>John Messenger <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v388/n6644/full/388726a0.html">Obituary John Zachary Young (1907-97)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nature" title="Nature">Nature</a> 388, 726 (21 August 1997)</li></ul> <div class="navbox do-not-make-smaller mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="pokaż" data-collapsetext="ukryj"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74983602">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin:auto;text-align:center;padding:3px;margin-top:1em;clear:both}.mw-parser-output table.navbox:not(.pionowy){width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox{border-top:0;margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox.pionowy{width:250px;float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 0.4em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .navbox.pionowy .before,.mw-parser-output .navbox.pionowy .after{padding:0.5em 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.navbox>.mw-collapsible-content>.below,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox .opis{background-color:#303234}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a1,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a1 .opis{background:#715f00}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a2,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a2 .opis{background:#5f5f5f}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a3,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a3 .opis{background:#764617}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>.caption,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr>th{background-color:#3a3c3e}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox .title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-content>.above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-content>.below,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox .opis{background-color:#303234}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a1,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a1 .opis{background:#715f00}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a2,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a2 .opis{background:#5f5f5f}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a3,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a3 .opis{background:#764617}}</style><ul class="tnavbar noprint plainlinks hlist"><li><a href="/wiki/Szablon:Laureaci_Royal_Medal_(XX_wiek)" title="Szablon:Laureaci Royal Medal (XX wiek)"><span title="Pokaż ten szablon">p</span></a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dyskusja_szablonu:Laureaci_Royal_Medal_(XX_wiek)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dyskusja szablonu:Laureaci Royal Medal (XX wiek) (strona nie istnieje)"><span title="Dyskusja na temat tego szablonu">d</span></a></li><li title="Możesz edytować ten szablon. Użyj przycisku podglądu przed zapisaniem zmian."><a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Szablon:Laureaci_Royal_Medal_(XX_wiek)&amp;action=edit">e</a></li></ul><div class="navbox-title caption">Laureaci <a href="/wiki/Royal_Medal" title="Royal Medal">Royal Medal</a> (XX wiek)</div><div class="mw-collapsible-content flex"><table class="navbox-main-content inner-standard"><tbody><tr class="a1"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">1901–1909</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li>1901: <a href="/wiki/William_Edward_Ayrton" title="William Edward Ayrton">W.E. Ayrton</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Thomas_Blanford" title="William Thomas Blanford">W.T. Blanford</a></li> <li>1902: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Albert_Sharpey-Schafer" title="Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer">E.A. Sharpey-Schafer</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Horace_Lamb&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Horace Lamb (strona nie istnieje)">H. Lamb</a></li> <li>1903: <a href="/wiki/David_Gill" title="David Gill">D. Gill</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Horace_Tabberer_Brown&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Horace Tabberer Brown (strona nie istnieje)">H.T. Brown</a></li> <li>1904: <a href="/wiki/David_Bruce_(mikrobiolog)" title="David Bruce (mikrobiolog)">D. Bruce</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Burnside" title="William Burnside">W. Burnside</a></li> <li>1905: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Sherrington" title="Charles Sherrington">C.S. Sherrington</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Poynting" title="John Henry Poynting">J.H. Poynting</a></li> <li>1906: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_George_Greenhill&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfred George Greenhill (strona nie istnieje)">A.G. Greenhill</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dukinfield_Henry_Scott&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dukinfield Henry Scott (strona nie istnieje)">D.H. Scott</a></li> <li>1907: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernest_William_Hobson&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernest William Hobson (strona nie istnieje)">E.H. Hobson</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramsay_Heatley_Traquair&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ramsay Heatley Traquair (strona nie istnieje)">R.H. Traquair</a></li> <li>1908: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Head" title="Henry Head">H. Head</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Milne_(geolog)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John Milne (geolog) (strona nie istnieje)">J. Milne</a></li> <li>1909: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Augustus_Love&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Augustus Love (strona nie istnieje)">A. Love</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Ross" title="Ronald Ross">R. Ross</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a2"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">1910–1919</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li>1910: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Orpen_Bower&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederick Orpen Bower (strona nie istnieje)">F.O. Bower</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Joly&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John Joly (strona nie istnieje)">J. Joly</a></li> <li>1911: <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Chrystal&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="George Chrystal (strona nie istnieje)">G. Chrystal</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Bayliss" title="William Bayliss">W.M. Bayliss</a></li> <li>1912: <a href="/wiki/Elliot_Smith" title="Elliot Smith">G.E. Smith</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Mitchinson_Hicks&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="William Mitchinson Hicks (strona nie istnieje)">W.M. Hicks</a></li> <li>1913: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Starling" title="Ernest Starling">E.H. Starling</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_Baily_Dixon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Harold Baily Dixon (strona nie istnieje)">H.B. Dixon</a></li> <li>1914: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_William_Brown" title="Ernest William Brown">E.W. Brown</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Johnson_Sollas&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="William Johnson Sollas (strona nie istnieje)">W.J. Sollas</a></li> <li>1915: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Larmor" title="Joseph Larmor">J. Larmor</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Halse_Rivers" title="William Halse Rivers">W.H. Rivers</a></li> <li>1916: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hector_Munro_Macdonald&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hector Munro Macdonald (strona nie istnieje)">H.M. Macdonald</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Scott_Haldane" title="John Scott Haldane">J.S. Haldane</a></li> <li>1917: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Smith_Woodward" title="Arthur Smith Woodward">A.S. Woodward</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Aitken&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John Aitken (strona nie istnieje)">J. Aitken</a></li> <li>1918: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Fowler" title="Alfred Fowler">A. Fowler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Hopkins" title="Frederick Hopkins">F.G. Hopkins</a></li> <li>1919: <a href="/wiki/James_Hopwood_Jeans" title="James Hopwood Jeans">J.H. Jeans</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Bretland_Farmer&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John Bretland Farmer (strona nie istnieje)">J.B. Farmer</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a3"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">lata 20.</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li>1920: <a href="/wiki/Godfrey_Harold_Hardy" title="Godfrey Harold Hardy">G.H. Hardy</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Bateson" title="William Bateson">W. Bateson</a></li> <li>1921: <a href="/wiki/Frank_Watson_Dyson" title="Frank Watson Dyson">F.W. Dyson</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Blackman&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederick Blackman (strona nie istnieje)">F. Blackman</a></li> <li>1922: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomson_Rees_Wilson" title="Charles Thomson Rees Wilson">C.T.R. Wilson</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Barcroft&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Barcroft (strona nie istnieje)">J. Barcroft</a></li> <li>1923: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_James_Martin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles James Martin (strona nie istnieje)">C.G. Martin</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Napier_Shaw" title="William Napier Shaw">W.N. Shaw</a></li> <li>1924: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dugald_Clerk&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dugald Clerk (strona nie istnieje)">D. Clerk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Hallett_Dale" title="Henry Hallett Dale">H.H. Dale</a></li> <li>1925: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Charles_Seward" title="Albert Charles Seward">A.C. Seward</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Henry_Perkin,_Jr.&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="William Henry Perkin, Jr. (strona nie istnieje)">W.H. Perkin Jr</a></li> <li>1926: <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Vivian_Hill" title="Archibald Vivian Hill">A.V. Hill</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Bate_Hardy&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="William Bate Hardy (strona nie istnieje)">W.B. Hardy</a></li> <li>1927: <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Cunningham_McLennan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John Cunningham McLennan (strona nie istnieje)">J.C. McLennan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Lewis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Lewis (strona nie istnieje)">T. Lewis</a></li> <li>1928: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Stanley_Eddington" title="Arthur Stanley Eddington">A.S. Eddington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Broom" title="Robert Broom">R. Broom</a></li> <li>1929: <a href="/wiki/John_Edensor_Littlewood" title="John Edensor Littlewood">J.E. Littlewood</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Muir&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Muir (strona nie istnieje)">R. Muir</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a4"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">lata 30.</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li>1930: <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Edward_Marr&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John Edward Marr (strona nie istnieje)">J.E. Marr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Owen_Willans_Richardson" title="Owen Willans Richardson">O.W. Richardson</a></li> <li>1931: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Glazebrook&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Glazebrook (strona nie istnieje)">R. Glazebrook</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Henry_Lang&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="William Henry Lang (strona nie istnieje)">W.H. Lang</a></li> <li>1932: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Mellanby&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Mellanby (strona nie istnieje)">E. Mellanby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Robinson" title="Robert Robinson">R. Robinson</a></li> <li>1933: <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Ingram_Taylor" title="Geoffrey Ingram Taylor">G.I. Taylor</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrick_Playfair_Laidlaw&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Patrick Playfair Laidlaw (strona nie istnieje)">P.P. Laidlaw</a></li> <li>1934: <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Douglas_Adrian" title="Edgar Douglas Adrian">E.D. Adrian</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sydney_Chapman&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sydney Chapman (strona nie istnieje)">S. Chapman</a></li> <li>1935: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Harker&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfred Harker (strona nie istnieje)">A. Harker</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Galton_Darwin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Galton Darwin (strona nie istnieje)">C.G. Darwin</a></li> <li>1936: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edwin_Stephen_Goodrich&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Edwin Stephen Goodrich (strona nie istnieje)">E.S. Goodrich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Fowler" title="Ralph Fowler">R.H. Fowler</a></li> <li>1937: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Henry_Reginald_Buller&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur Henry Reginald Buller (strona nie istnieje)">A.H.R. Buller</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nevil_Vincent_Sidgwick&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nevil Vincent Sidgwick (strona nie istnieje)">N.V. Sidgwick</a></li> <li>1938: <a href="/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston">F.W. Aston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Fisher" title="Ronald Fisher">R.A. Fisher</a></li> <li>1939: <a href="/wiki/David_Keilin" title="David Keilin">D. Keilin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">P.A.M. Dirac</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a5"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">lata 40.</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li>1940: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Hugh_Adam_Marshall&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis Hugh Adam Marshall (strona nie istnieje)">F.H.A. Marshall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Maynard_Stuart_Blackett" title="Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett">P.M.S. Blackett</a></li> <li>1941: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernest_Kennaway&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernest Kennaway (strona nie istnieje)">E. Kennaway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Arthur_Milne" title="Edward Arthur Milne">E.A. Milne</a></li> <li>1942: <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Whiteman_Carlton_Topley&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="William Whiteman Carlton Topley (strona nie istnieje)">W.W.C. Topley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Norman_Haworth" title="Walter Norman Haworth">W.N. Haworth</a></li> <li>1943: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Battersby_Bailey&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Battersby Bailey (strona nie istnieje)">E.B. Bailey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harold_Spencer_Jones" title="Harold Spencer Jones">H.S. Jones</a></li> <li>1944: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Robert_Harington&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Robert Harington (strona nie istnieje)">C.R. Harington</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Brunt&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="David Brunt (strona nie istnieje)">D. Brunt</a></li> <li>1945: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_James_Salisbury&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward James Salisbury (strona nie istnieje)">E.J. Salisbury</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Bernal" title="John Bernal">J.D. Bernal</a></li> <li>1946: <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Dean_Darlington" title="Cyril Dean Darlington">C.D. Darlington</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Lawrence_Bragg" title="William Lawrence Bragg">W.L. Bragg</a></li> <li>1947: <a href="/wiki/Frank_Macfarlane_Burnet" title="Frank Macfarlane Burnet">F.M. Burnet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Hinshelwood" title="Cyril Hinshelwood">C.N. Hinshelwood</a></li> <li>1948: <a href="/wiki/James_Gray" title="James Gray">J. Gray</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harold_Jeffreys" title="Harold Jeffreys">H. Jeffreys</a></li> <li>1949: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolph_Albert_Peters&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rudolph Albert Peters (strona nie istnieje)">R.A. Peters</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Thomson" title="George Thomson">G.P. Thomson</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a6"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">lata 50.</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li>1950: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Frederick_Abel_Pantin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl Frederick Abel Pantin (strona nie istnieje)">C.F.A. Pantin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Victor_Appleton" title="Edward Victor Appleton">E.V. Appleton</a></li> <li>1951: <a href="/wiki/Howard_Florey" title="Howard Florey">H. Florey</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ian_Heilbron&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ian Heilbron (strona nie istnieje)">I. Heilbron</a></li> <li>1952: <a href="/wiki/Frederic_Bartlett" title="Frederic Bartlett">F. Bartlett</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Kelk_Ingold&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Christopher Kelk Ingold (strona nie istnieje)">C.K. Ingold</a></li> <li>1953: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Fildes&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Fildes (strona nie istnieje)">P. Fildes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nevill_Francis_Mott" title="Nevill Francis Mott">N.F. Mott</a></li> <li>1954: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Adolf_Krebs" title="Hans Adolf Krebs">H.A. Krebs</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Douglas_Cockcroft" title="John Douglas Cockcroft">J.D. Cockcroft</a></li> <li>1955: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vincent_Wigglesworth&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vincent Wigglesworth (strona nie istnieje)">V. Wigglesworth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Todd" title="Alexander Todd">A. Todd</a></li> <li>1956: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Owen_Thomas_Jones&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Owen Thomas Jones (strona nie istnieje)">O.T. Jones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Crowfoot_Hodgkin" title="Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin">D.M.C. Hodgkin</a></li> <li>1957: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Gugenheim_Gregory&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederick Gugenheim Gregory (strona nie istnieje)">F.G. Gregory</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Vallance_Douglas_Hodge&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="William Vallance Douglas Hodge (strona nie istnieje)">W.V.D. Hodge</a></li> <li>1958: <a href="/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin">A.L. Hodgkin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harrie_Massey" title="Harrie Massey">H. Massey</a></li> <li>1959: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Medawar" title="Peter Medawar">P.B. Medawar</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_Peierls&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rudolf Peierls (strona nie istnieje)">R. Peierls</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a7"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">lata 60.</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li>1960: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roy_Cameron&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Roy Cameron (strona nie istnieje)">R. Cameron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lovell" title="Bernard Lovell">B. Lovell</a></li> <li>1961: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilfrid_Le_Gros_Clark&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilfrid Le Gros Clark (strona nie istnieje)">W.L.G. Clark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cecil_Frank_Powell" title="Cecil Frank Powell">C.F. Powell</a></li> <li>1962: <a href="/wiki/John_Carew_Eccles" title="John Carew Eccles">J.C. Eccles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar">S. Chandrasekhar</a></li> <li>1963: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Harold_Read&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Herbert Harold Read (strona nie istnieje)">H.H. Read</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Hill_(biochemik)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Hill (biochemik) (strona nie istnieje)">R. Hill</a></li> <li>1964: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Brambell&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis Brambell (strona nie istnieje)">F. Brambell</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_James_Lighthill&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael James Lighthill (strona nie istnieje)">M.J. Lighthill</a></li> <li>1965: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Charles_Husband&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Charles Husband (strona nie istnieje)">H.C. Husband</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Kendrew" title="John Kendrew">J.C. Kendrew</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Raymond_Arthur_Lyttleton&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Raymond Arthur Lyttleton (strona nie istnieje)">R.A. Lyttleton</a></li> <li>1966: <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Cockerell" title="Christopher Cockerell">C. Cockerell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Yates" title="Frank Yates">F. Yates</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Ashworth_Ratcliffe&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John Ashworth Ratcliffe (strona nie istnieje)">J.A. Ratcliffe</a></li> <li>1967: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Hutchinson&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Hutchinson (strona nie istnieje)">J. Hutchinson</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">J.Z. Young</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cecil_Edgar_Tilley&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Cecil Edgar Tilley (strona nie istnieje)">C.E. Tilley</a></li> <li>1968: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gilbert_Roberts&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gilbert Roberts (strona nie istnieje)">G. Roberts</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Thomas_James_Morgan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Thomas James Morgan (strona nie istnieje)">W.T.J. Morgan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Atiyah" title="Michael Atiyah">M.F. Atiyah</a></li> <li>1969: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_William_Oatley&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles William Oatley (strona nie istnieje)">C.W. Oatley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">F. Sanger</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Edward_Raven_Deacon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="George Edward Raven Deacon (strona nie istnieje)">G.E.R. Deacon</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a8"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">lata 70.</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li>1970: <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Fleetwood_Baker&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John Fleetwood Baker (strona nie istnieje)">J.F. Baker</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Albert_Hugh_Rushton&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="William Albert Hugh Rushton (strona nie istnieje)">W.A.H. Rushton</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingsley_Charles_Dunham&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kingsley Charles Dunham (strona nie istnieje)">K.C. Dunham</a></li> <li>1971: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Percy_Edward_Kent&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Percy Edward Kent (strona nie istnieje)">P.E. Kent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Max_Perutz" title="Max Perutz">M. Perutz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Herzberg" title="Gerhard Herzberg">G. Herzberg</a></li> <li>1972: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilfrid_Bennett_Lewis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilfrid Bennett Lewis (strona nie istnieje)">W.B. Lewis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick">F. Crick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Derek_Barton" title="Derek Barton">D. Barton</a></li> <li>1973: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Penley_Abraham&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Penley Abraham (strona nie istnieje)">E.P. Abraham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rodney_Robert_Porter" title="Rodney Robert Porter">R.R. Porter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle">M. Ryle</a></li> <li>1974: <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Brenner" title="Sydney Brenner">S. Brenner</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Edwards&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="George Edwards (strona nie istnieje)">G. Edwards</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fred_Hoyle" title="Fred Hoyle">F. Hoyle</a></li> <li>1975: <a href="/wiki/Barnes_Wallis" title="Barnes Wallis">B. Wallis</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Chilton_Phillips&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="David Chilton Phillips (strona nie istnieje)">D.C. Phillips</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Bullard" title="Edward Bullard">E. Bullard</a></li> <li>1976: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Walsh&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alan Walsh (strona nie istnieje)">A. Walsh</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Learmonth_Gowans&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="James Learmonth Gowans (strona nie istnieje)">J.L. Gowans</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Cornforth" title="John Cornforth">J.W. Cornforth</a></li> <li>1977: <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Bertram_Adams&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John Bertram Adams (strona nie istnieje)">J.B. Adams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Huxley" title="Hugh Huxley">H.E. Huxley</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Hirsch&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Hirsch (strona nie istnieje)">P. Hirsch</a></li> <li>1978: <a href="/wiki/Tom_Kilburn" title="Tom Kilburn">T. Kilburn</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roderic_Alfred_Gregory&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Roderic Alfred Gregory (strona nie istnieje)">R.A. Gregory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam">A. Salam</a></li> <li>1979: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vernon_Ellis_Cosslett&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vernon Ellis Cosslett (strona nie istnieje)">V.E. Cosslett</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Walter_Kosterlitz&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Walter Kosterlitz (strona nie istnieje)">H.W. Kosterlitz</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Frank&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Frank (strona nie istnieje)">C. Frank</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a9"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">lata 80.</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li>1980: <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Paul_Wild&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John Paul Wild (strona nie istnieje)">J.P. Wild</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Harris&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Harris (strona nie istnieje)">H. Harris</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Denys_Wilkinson&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Denys Wilkinson (strona nie istnieje)">D. Wilkinson</a></li> <li>1981: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralph_Riley&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ralph Riley (strona nie istnieje)">R. Riley</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marthe_Louise_Vogt&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Marthe Louise Vogt (strona nie istnieje)">M.L. Vogt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Wilkinson" title="Geoffrey Wilkinson">G. Wilkinson</a></li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Milstein" title="César Milstein">C. Milstein</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Hawthorne&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="William Hawthorne (strona nie istnieje)">W. Hawthorne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Dalitz" title="Richard Dalitz">R.H. Dalitz</a></li> <li>1983: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Joseph_Bradley&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniel Joseph Bradley (strona nie istnieje)">D.J. Bradley</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Siegmund_Feldberg&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilhelm Siegmund Feldberg (strona nie istnieje)">W.S. Feldberg</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Kingman&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John Kingman (strona nie istnieje)">J. Kingman</a></li> <li>1984: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Lamb_Cullen&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexander Lamb Cullen (strona nie istnieje)">A.L. Cullen</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Lyon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary Lyon (strona nie istnieje)">M. Lyon</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Battersby&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alan Battersby (strona nie istnieje)">A. Battersby</a></li> <li>1985: <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Argyris&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John Argyris (strona nie istnieje)">J. Argyris</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Bertrand_Gurdon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John Bertrand Gurdon (strona nie istnieje)">J.B. Gurdon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roger_Penrose" title="Roger Penrose">R. Penrose</a></li> <li>1986: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eric_Ash&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Eric Ash (strona nie istnieje)">E. Ash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Doll" title="Richard Doll">R. Doll</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rex_Richards&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rex Richards (strona nie istnieje)">R. Richards</a></li> <li>1987: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Victor_Rudolf_Born&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gustav Victor Rudolf Born (strona nie istnieje)">G.V.R. Born</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eric_James_Denton&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Eric James Denton (strona nie istnieje)">E.J. Denton</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Graham-Smith&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis Graham-Smith (strona nie istnieje)">F. Graham-Smith</a></li> <li>1988: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_Barlow_(in%C5%BCynier)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Harold Barlow (inżynier) (strona nie istnieje)">H. Barlow</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Winifred_Watkins&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Winifred Watkins (strona nie istnieje)">W. Watkins</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Batchelor" title="George Batchelor">G. Batchelor</a></li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/John_Vane" title="John Vane">J. Vane</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Weatherall&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="David Weatherall (strona nie istnieje)">D. Weatherall</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Polanyi" title="John Polanyi">J.C. Polanyi</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a10"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">lata 90.</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li>1990: <a href="/wiki/Olgierd_Zienkiewicz" title="Olgierd Zienkiewicz">O.C. Zienkiewicz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anne_McLaren" title="Anne McLaren">A. McLaren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Berry_(fizyk)" title="Michael Berry (fizyk)">M. Berry</a></li> <li>1991: <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Mason&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John Mason (strona nie istnieje)">J. Mason</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Berridge&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Berridge (strona nie istnieje)">M. Berridge</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dan_McKenzie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dan McKenzie (strona nie istnieje)">D. McKenzie</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Tabor&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="David Tabor (strona nie istnieje)">D. Tabor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Epstein" title="Michael Epstein">M.A. Epstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Simon_Donaldson" title="Simon Donaldson">S. Donaldson</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rodney_Hill&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rodney Hill (strona nie istnieje)">R. Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horace_Barlow" title="Horace Barlow">H. Barlow</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Volker_Heine&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Volker Heine (strona nie istnieje)">V. Heine</a></li> <li>1994: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Salvador_Moncada&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Salvador Moncada (strona nie istnieje)">S. Moncada</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eric_Mansfield&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Eric Mansfield (strona nie istnieje)">E. Mansfield</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sivaramakrishna_Chandrasekhar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sivaramakrishna Chandrasekhar (strona nie istnieje)">S. Chandrasekhar</a></li> <li>1995: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Metcalf&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Donald Metcalf (strona nie istnieje)">D. Metcalf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Nurse" title="Paul Nurse">P. Nurse</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_J_Williams&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert J Williams (strona nie istnieje)">R.J. Williams</a></li> <li>1996: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Hinde&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Hinde (strona nie istnieje)">R. Hinde</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_Heslop-Harrison&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jack Heslop-Harrison (strona nie istnieje)">J. Heslop-Harrison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Wiles" title="Andrew Wiles">A. Wiles</a></li> <li>1997: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Geoffrey_Eglinton&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Geoffrey Eglinton (strona nie istnieje)">G. Eglinton</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Maynard_Smith" title="John Maynard Smith">J.M. Smith</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Hill_Perkins&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Donald Hill Perkins (strona nie istnieje)">D.H. Perkins</a></li> <li>1998: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edwin_Southern&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Edwin Southern (strona nie istnieje)">E. Southern</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ricardo_Miledi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ricardo Miledi (strona nie istnieje)">R. Miledi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Charlton_Bradley&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Donald Charlton Bradley (strona nie istnieje)">D.C. Bradley</a></li> <li>1999: <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Frank_Davidson&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John Frank Davidson (strona nie istnieje)">J.F. Davidson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patrick_David_Wall" title="Patrick David Wall">P.D. Wall</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Archibald_Howie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Archibald Howie (strona nie istnieje)">A. Howie</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a11"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">rok 2000</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">T. Berners-Lee</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Geoffrey_Burnstock&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Geoffrey Burnstock (strona nie istnieje)">G. Burnstock</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Keith_Usherwood_Ingold&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Keith Usherwood Ingold (strona nie istnieje)">K.U. Ingold</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-after after"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:George-IV-of-Great-Britain-cropped.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/George-IV-of-Great-Britain-cropped.png/100px-George-IV-of-Great-Britain-cropped.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/George-IV-of-Great-Britain-cropped.png/150px-George-IV-of-Great-Britain-cropped.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/40/George-IV-of-Great-Britain-cropped.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> </p> </div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74016753">.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div+div{margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div>div{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);padding:.2em .5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten 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