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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Components and action</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Components_and_action-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Components and action subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Components_and_action-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Photon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Photon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Photon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Photon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antenna_complex" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antenna_complex"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Antenna complex</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antenna_complex-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-P700_reaction_center" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#P700_reaction_center"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>P700 reaction center</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-P700_reaction_center-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modified_chlorophyll_A0_and_A1" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modified_chlorophyll_A0_and_A1"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Modified chlorophyll A<sub>0</sub> and A<sub>1</sub></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modified_chlorophyll_A0_and_A1-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phylloquinone" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phylloquinone"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Phylloquinone</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phylloquinone-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iron–sulfur_complex" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iron–sulfur_complex"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Iron–sulfur complex</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iron–sulfur_complex-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ferredoxin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ferredoxin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Ferredoxin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ferredoxin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ferredoxin–NADP+_reductase_(FNR)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ferredoxin–NADP+_reductase_(FNR)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Ferredoxin–<span>NADP<span><span><sup>+</sup><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span></span> reductase (FNR)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ferredoxin–NADP+_reductase_(FNR)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plastocyanin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plastocyanin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Plastocyanin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plastocyanin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ycf4_protein_domain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ycf4_protein_domain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ycf4 protein domain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ycf4_protein_domain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Evolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Evolution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Evolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a 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For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/PSI_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="PSI (disambiguation)">PSI (disambiguation)</a>. For PS1, see <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_1" class="mw-redirect" title="PlayStation 1">PlayStation 1</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thylakoid_membrane_3.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Thylakoid_membrane_3.svg/400px-Thylakoid_membrane_3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Thylakoid_membrane_3.svg/600px-Thylakoid_membrane_3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Thylakoid_membrane_3.svg/800px-Thylakoid_membrane_3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="906" data-file-height="517" /></a><figcaption>Light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis at the thylakoid membrane</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Photosystem I</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:PSI%2BLHC.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/PSI%2BLHC.png/220px-PSI%2BLHC.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="328" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/PSI%2BLHC.png/330px-PSI%2BLHC.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/PSI%2BLHC.png/440px-PSI%2BLHC.png 2x" data-file-width="787" data-file-height="1173" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Plant photosystem I with LHC I</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ddd">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/Enzyme_Commission_number" title="Enzyme Commission number">EC no.</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enzyme-database.org/query.php?ec=1.97.1.12">1.97.1.12</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ddd">Databases</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/IntEnz" title="IntEnz">IntEnz</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intenz/query?cmd=SearchEC&ec=1.97.1.12">IntEnz view</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/BRENDA" title="BRENDA">BRENDA</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brenda-enzymes.org/enzyme.php?ecno=1.97.1.12">BRENDA entry</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/ExPASy" class="mw-redirect" title="ExPASy">ExPASy</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://enzyme.expasy.org/EC/1.97.1.12">NiceZyme view</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG">KEGG</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?enzyme+1.97.1.12">KEGG entry</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/MetaCyc" title="MetaCyc">MetaCyc</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biocyc.org/META/substring-search?type=NIL&object=1.97.1.12">metabolic pathway</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/PRIAM_enzyme-specific_profiles" title="PRIAM enzyme-specific profiles">PRIAM</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://priam.prabi.fr/cgi-bin/PRIAM_profiles_CurrentRelease.pl?EC=1.97.1.12">profile</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">PDB</a> structures</th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/search?q=rcsb_polymer_entity.rcsb_ec_lineage.id:1.97.1.12">RCSB PDB</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/entry/search/index?ec_number:1.97.1.12">PDBe</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/thornton-srv/databases/cgi-bin/enzymes/GetPage.pl?ec_number=1.97.1.12">PDBsum</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="background-color: #eee"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="float:none; clear:none; margin:0; border-width:0; border-collapse:collapse; text-align:left; width:100%"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ddd">Search</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;"><a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&term=1.97.1.12%5BEC/RN%20Number%5D%20AND%20pubmed%20pmc%20local%5Bsb%5D">articles</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;"><a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PubMed</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&term=1.97.1.12%5BEC/RN%20Number%5D">articles</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein?term=1.97.1.12%5BEC/RN%20Number%5D">proteins</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plastomap_of_Arabidopsis_thaliana.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Plastomap_of_Arabidopsis_thaliana.svg/220px-Plastomap_of_Arabidopsis_thaliana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Plastomap_of_Arabidopsis_thaliana.svg/330px-Plastomap_of_Arabidopsis_thaliana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Plastomap_of_Arabidopsis_thaliana.svg/440px-Plastomap_of_Arabidopsis_thaliana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="483" data-file-height="475" /></a><figcaption>Location of the <i>psa</i> genes in the <a href="/wiki/Chloroplast_genome" class="mw-redirect" title="Chloroplast genome">chloroplast genome</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/Arabidopsis_thaliana" title="Arabidopsis thaliana">Arabidopsis thaliana</a></i>. The 21 protein-coding genes involved in photosynthesis are displayed as green boxes.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Photosystem I</b> (<b>PSI</b>, or <b>plastocyanin–ferredoxin oxidoreductase</b>) is one of two <a href="/wiki/Photosystem" title="Photosystem">photosystems</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Light-dependent_reactions" title="Light-dependent reactions">photosynthetic light reactions</a> of <a href="/wiki/Algae" title="Algae">algae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">plants</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cyanobacteria" title="Cyanobacteria">cyanobacteria</a>. <a href="/wiki/Photosystem" title="Photosystem">Photosystem</a> I <sup id="cite_ref-pmid3333014_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid3333014-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is an <a href="/wiki/Integral_membrane_protein" title="Integral membrane protein">integral membrane protein</a> <a href="/wiki/Protein_complex" title="Protein complex">complex</a> that uses <a href="/wiki/Light" title="Light">light</a> <a href="/wiki/Energy" title="Energy">energy</a> to catalyze the <a href="/wiki/Electron_transfer" title="Electron transfer">transfer of electrons</a> across the <a href="/wiki/Thylakoid" title="Thylakoid">thylakoid</a> membrane from <a href="/wiki/Plastocyanin" title="Plastocyanin">plastocyanin</a> to <a href="/wiki/Ferredoxin" title="Ferredoxin">ferredoxin</a>. Ultimately, the electrons that are transferred by Photosystem I are used to produce the moderate-energy hydrogen carrier <a href="/wiki/NADPH" class="mw-redirect" title="NADPH">NADPH</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The photon energy absorbed by Photosystem I also produces a <a href="/wiki/Chemiosmosis" title="Chemiosmosis">proton-motive force</a> that is used to generate <a href="/wiki/Adenosine_triphosphate" title="Adenosine triphosphate">ATP</a>. PSI is composed of more than 110 <a href="/wiki/Cofactor_(biochemistry)" title="Cofactor (biochemistry)">cofactors</a>, significantly more than <a href="/wiki/Photosystem_II" title="Photosystem II">Photosystem II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Nelson_2006_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nelson_2006-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Photosystem_I&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This photosystem is known as PSI because it was discovered before Photosystem II, although future experiments showed that Photosystem II is actually the first enzyme of the photosynthetic electron transport chain. Aspects of PSI were discovered in the 1950s, but the significance of these discoveries was not yet recognized at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-Fromme_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fromme-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Louis Duysens first proposed the concepts of Photosystems I and II in 1960, and, in the same year, a proposal by Fay Bendall and Robert Hill assembled earlier discoveries into a coherent theory of serial photosynthetic reactions.<sup id="cite_ref-Fromme_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fromme-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hill and Bendall's hypothesis was later confirmed in experiments conducted in 1961 by the Duysens and Witt groups.<sup id="cite_ref-Fromme_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fromme-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Components_and_action">Components and action</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Photosystem_I&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Components and action"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Two main subunits of PSI, PsaA and PsaB, are closely related proteins involved in the <a href="/wiki/Binding_(molecular)" class="mw-redirect" title="Binding (molecular)">binding</a> of the vital electron transfer cofactors P<sub>700</sub>, Acc, A<sub>0</sub>, A<sub>1</sub>, and F<sub>x</sub>. PsaA and PsaB are both <a href="/wiki/Integral_membrane_proteins" class="mw-redirect" title="Integral membrane proteins">integral membrane proteins</a> of 730 to 750 <a href="/wiki/Amino_acid" title="Amino acid">amino acids</a> that contain 11 <a href="/wiki/Transmembrane_domain" title="Transmembrane domain">transmembrane</a> segments. A <a href="/wiki/4Fe-4S" class="mw-redirect" title="4Fe-4S">[4Fe-4S] iron-sulfur cluster</a> called F<sub>x</sub> is <a href="/wiki/Coordination_complex" title="Coordination complex">coordinated</a> by four <a href="/wiki/Cysteine" title="Cysteine">cysteines</a>; two cysteines are provided each by PsaA and PsaB. The two cysteines in each are proximal and located in a <a href="/wiki/Turn_(biochemistry)" title="Turn (biochemistry)">loop</a> between the ninth and tenth transmembrane segments. A <a href="/wiki/Leucine_zipper" title="Leucine zipper">leucine zipper</a> <a href="/wiki/Protein_motif" class="mw-redirect" title="Protein motif">motif</a> seems to be present <sup id="cite_ref-pmid2186925_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid2186925-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Upstream_and_downstream_(DNA)" title="Upstream and downstream (DNA)">downstream</a> of the cysteines and could contribute to dimerisation of PsaA/PsaB. The terminal electron acceptors F<sub>A</sub> and F<sub>B</sub>, also [4Fe-4S] iron-sulfur clusters, are located in a 9-kDa protein called PsaC that binds to the PsaA/PsaB core near F<sub>X</sub>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Components of PSI (protein subunits, lipids, pigments, coenzymes, and cofactors).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Protein subunits </th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr> <td>PsaA </td> <td rowspan="2">Related large transmembrane proteins involved in the binding of P700, A0, A1, and Fx. Part of the <a href="/wiki/Photosynthetic_reaction_centre_protein_family" title="Photosynthetic reaction centre protein family">photosynthetic reaction centre protein family</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>PsaB </td></tr> <tr> <td>PsaC </td> <td>Iron-sulfur center; apoprotein for F<sub>a</sub> and F<sub>b</sub> </td></tr> <tr> <td>PsaD </td> <td>Required for assembly, helps bind ferredoxin. <a href="/wiki/InterPro" title="InterPro">InterPro</a>: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/IPR003685">IPR003685</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>PsaE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/InterPro" title="InterPro">InterPro</a>: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/IPR003375">IPR003375</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>PsaI </td> <td>May stabilize PsaL. Stabilizes <a href="/wiki/Light-harvesting_complexes_of_green_plants" title="Light-harvesting complexes of green plants">light-harvesting complex</a> II binding.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/InterPro" title="InterPro">InterPro</a>: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/IPR001302">IPR001302</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>PsaJ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/InterPro" title="InterPro">InterPro</a>: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/IPR002615">IPR002615</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>PsaK </td> <td><a href="/wiki/InterPro" title="InterPro">InterPro</a>: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/IPR035982">IPR035982</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>PsaL </td> <td><a href="/wiki/InterPro" title="InterPro">InterPro</a>: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/IPR036592">IPR036592</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>PsaM </td> <td><a href="/wiki/InterPro" title="InterPro">InterPro</a>: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/IPR010010">IPR010010</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>PsaX </td> <td><a href="/wiki/InterPro" title="InterPro">InterPro</a>: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/IPR012986">IPR012986</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cytochrome_b6f_complex" title="Cytochrome b6f complex">cytochrome <i>b<sub>6</sub>f</i> complex</a> </td> <td>Soluble <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>F<sub>a</sub> </td> <td>From PsaC; In <a href="/wiki/Electron_transport_chain" title="Electron transport chain">electron transport chain</a> (ETC) </td></tr> <tr> <td>F<sub>b</sub> </td> <td>From PsaC; In ETC </td></tr> <tr> <td>F<sub>x</sub> </td> <td>From PsaAB; In ETC </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ferredoxin" title="Ferredoxin">Ferredoxin</a> </td> <td>Electron carrier in ETC </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Plastocyanin" title="Plastocyanin">Plastocyanin</a> </td> <td>Soluble protein </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Lipid" title="Lipid">Lipids</a> </th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr> <td>MGDG II </td> <td>Monogalactosyldiglyceride lipid </td></tr> <tr> <td>PG I </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Phosphatidylglycerol" title="Phosphatidylglycerol">Phosphatidylglycerol</a> <a href="/wiki/Phospholipid" title="Phospholipid">phospholipid</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>PG III </td> <td>Phosphatidylglycerol phospholipid </td></tr> <tr> <td>PG IV </td> <td>Phosphatidylglycerol phospholipid </td></tr> <tr> <th>Pigments </th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chlorophyll" title="Chlorophyll">Chlorophyll</a> <i>a</i> </td> <td>90 <a href="/wiki/Pigment" title="Pigment">pigment</a> molecules in antenna system </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chlorophyll <i>a</i> </td> <td>5 pigment molecules in ETC </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chlorophyll <i>a<sub>0</sub></i> </td> <td>Early electron acceptor of modified chlorophyll in ETC </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chlorophyll <i>a</i>′ </td> <td>1 pigment molecule in ETC </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Beta-Carotene" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta-Carotene">β-Carotene</a> </td> <td>22 <a href="/wiki/Carotenoid" title="Carotenoid">carotenoid</a> pigment molecules </td></tr> <tr> <th>Coenzymes and cofactors </th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr> <td>Q<sub>K</sub>-A </td> <td>Early electron acceptor <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_K1" class="mw-redirect" title="Vitamin K1">vitamin K<sub>1</sub></a> <a href="/wiki/Phylloquinone" class="mw-redirect" title="Phylloquinone">phylloquinone</a> in ETC </td></tr> <tr> <td>Q<sub>K</sub>-B </td> <td>Early electron acceptor vitamin K<sub>1</sub> phylloquinone in ETC </td></tr> <tr> <td>FNR </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ferredoxin-NADP%2B_reductase" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase">Ferredoxin-<span class="chemf nowrap">NADP<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">+</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span></span> oxidoreductase enzyme</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="chemf nowrap">Ca<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2+</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">Calcium</a> ion </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="chemf nowrap">Mg<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2+</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Magnesium</a> ion </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Photon">Photon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Photosystem_I&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Photon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Photoexcitation" title="Photoexcitation">Photoexcitation</a> of the pigment molecules in the antenna complex induces electron and energy transfer.<sup id="cite_ref-Raven_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raven-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antenna_complex">Antenna complex</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Photosystem_I&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Antenna complex"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The antenna complex is composed of molecules of <a href="/wiki/Chlorophyll" title="Chlorophyll">chlorophyll</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carotenoid" title="Carotenoid">carotenoids</a> mounted on two proteins.<sup id="cite_ref-Taiz_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taiz-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These pigment molecules transmit the <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B6rster_resonance_energy_transfer" title="Förster resonance energy transfer">resonance energy</a> from photons when they become photoexcited. Antenna molecules can absorb all <a href="/wiki/Wavelength" title="Wavelength">wavelengths</a> of light within the <a href="/wiki/Visible_spectrum" title="Visible spectrum">visible spectrum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-kent_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kent-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The number of these pigment molecules varies from organism to organism. For instance, the <a href="/wiki/Cyanobacteria" title="Cyanobacteria">cyanobacterium</a> <i>Synechococcus elongatus</i> (<i>Thermosynechococcus elongatus</i>) has about 100 chlorophylls and 20 carotenoids, whereas <a href="/wiki/Spinach" title="Spinach">spinach</a> chloroplasts have around 200 chlorophylls and 50 carotenoids.<sup id="cite_ref-kent_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kent-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nelson_2006_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nelson_2006-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Located within the antenna complex of PSI are molecules of chlorophyll called <a href="/wiki/P700" title="P700">P700</a> reaction centers. The energy passed around by antenna molecules is directed to the reaction center. There may be as many as 120 or as few as 25 chlorophyll molecules per P700.<sup id="cite_ref-Shubin_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shubin-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="P700_reaction_center">P700 reaction center</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Photosystem_I&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: P700 reaction center"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/P700" title="P700">P700</a></div> <p>The P700 reaction center is composed of modified <a href="/wiki/Chlorophyll_a" title="Chlorophyll a">chlorophyll <i>a</i></a> that best absorbs light at a wavelength of 700 <a href="/wiki/Nanometre" title="Nanometre">nm</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rutherford_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rutherford-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> P700 receives energy from antenna molecules and uses the energy from each photon to raise an electron to a higher energy level (P700*). These electrons are moved in pairs in an <a href="/wiki/Redox" title="Redox">oxidation/reduction</a> process from P700* to electron acceptors, leaving behind P700<sup>+</sup>. The pair of P700* - P700<sup>+</sup> has an <a href="/wiki/Electric_potential" title="Electric potential">electric potential</a> of about −1.2 <a href="/wiki/Volt" title="Volt">volts</a>. The reaction center is made of two chlorophyll molecules and is therefore referred to as a <a href="/wiki/Dimer_(chemistry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dimer (chemistry)">dimer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Taiz_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taiz-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dimer is thought to be composed of one chlorophyll <i>a</i> molecule and one chlorophyll <i>a</i>′ molecule. However, if P700 forms a complex with other antenna molecules, it can no longer be a dimer.<sup id="cite_ref-Shubin_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shubin-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modified_chlorophyll_A0_and_A1">Modified chlorophyll A<sub>0</sub> and A<sub>1</sub></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Photosystem_I&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Modified chlorophyll A0 and A1"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The two modified chlorophyll molecules are early electron acceptors in PSI. They are present one per PsaA/PsaB side, forming two branches electrons can take to reach F<sub>x</sub>. A<sub>0</sub> accepts electrons from P700*, passes it to A<sub>1</sub> of the same side, which then passes the electron to the quinone on the same side. Different species seems to have different preferences for either A/B branch.<sup id="cite_ref-Grotjohann_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grotjohann-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Phylloquinone">Phylloquinone</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Photosystem_I&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Phylloquinone"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Phylloquinone" class="mw-redirect" title="Phylloquinone">phylloquinone</a>, sometimes called vitamin K<sub>1</sub>,<sup id="cite_ref-itoh_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-itoh-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the next early electron acceptor in PSI. It oxidizes A<sub>1</sub> in order to receive the electron and in turn is re-oxidized by F<sub>x</sub>, from which the electron is passed to F<sub>b</sub> and F<sub>a</sub>.<sup id="cite_ref-itoh_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-itoh-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The reduction of F<sub>x</sub> appears to be the rate-limiting step.<sup id="cite_ref-Grotjohann_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grotjohann-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iron–sulfur_complex"><span id="Iron.E2.80.93sulfur_complex"></span>Iron–sulfur complex</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Photosystem_I&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Iron–sulfur complex"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Three proteinaceous <a href="/wiki/Iron%E2%80%93sulfur_cluster" title="Iron–sulfur cluster">iron–sulfur</a> reaction centers are found in PSI. Labeled F<sub>x</sub>, F<sub>a</sub>, and F<sub>b</sub>, they serve as electron relays.<sup id="cite_ref-Vassiliev_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vassiliev-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> F<sub>a</sub> and F<sub>b</sub> are bound to <a href="/wiki/Protein_subunit" title="Protein subunit">protein subunits</a> of the PSI complex and F<sub>x</sub> is tied to the PSI complex.<sup id="cite_ref-Vassiliev_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vassiliev-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Various experiments have shown some disparity between theories of iron–sulfur cofactor orientation and operation order.<sup id="cite_ref-Vassiliev_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vassiliev-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In one model, F<sub>x</sub> passes an electron to F<sub>a</sub>, which passes it on to F<sub>b</sub> to reach the ferredoxin.<sup id="cite_ref-Grotjohann_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grotjohann-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ferredoxin">Ferredoxin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Photosystem_I&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Ferredoxin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ferredoxin" title="Ferredoxin">Ferredoxin</a> (Fd) is a <a href="/wiki/Solubility" title="Solubility">soluble</a> protein that facilitates reduction of <span class="chemf nowrap">NADP<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">+</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span></span> to NADPH.<sup id="cite_ref-Forti_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forti-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fd moves to carry an electron either to a lone thylakoid or to an <a href="/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">enzyme</a> that reduces <span class="chemf nowrap">NADP<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">+</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Forti_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forti-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thylakoid membranes have one binding site for each function of Fd.<sup id="cite_ref-Forti_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forti-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main function of Fd is to carry an electron from the iron-sulfur complex to the enzyme <a href="/wiki/Ferredoxin-NADP%2B_reductase" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase">ferredoxin–<span class="chemf nowrap">NADP<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">+</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span></span> reductase</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Forti_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forti-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ferredoxin–NADP+_reductase_(FNR)"><span id="Ferredoxin.E2.80.93NADP.2B_reductase_.28FNR.29"></span>Ferredoxin–<span class="chemf nowrap">NADP<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">+</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span></span> reductase (FNR)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Photosystem_I&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Ferredoxin–NADP+ reductase (FNR)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This enzyme transfers the electron from reduced ferredoxin to <span class="chemf nowrap">NADP<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">+</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span></span> to complete the reduction to NADPH.<sup id="cite_ref-Madoz_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Madoz-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ferredoxin-NADP%2B_reductase" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase">FNR</a> may also accept an electron from NADPH by binding to it.<sup id="cite_ref-Madoz_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Madoz-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plastocyanin">Plastocyanin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Photosystem_I&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Plastocyanin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Plastocyanin" title="Plastocyanin">Plastocyanin</a> is an electron carrier that transfers the electron from cytochrome b6f to the P700 cofactor of PSI in its ionized state P700<sup>+</sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-Raven_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raven-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ycf4_protein_domain">Ycf4 protein domain</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Photosystem_I&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Ycf4 protein domain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Ycf4_protein_domain" title="Ycf4 protein domain">Ycf4 protein domain</a> found on the thylakoid membrane is vital to photosystem I. This thylakoid transmembrane protein helps assemble the components of photosystem I. Without it, photosynthesis would be inefficient.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid9321389_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid9321389-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evolution">Evolution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Photosystem_I&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Evolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Molecular data show that PSI likely evolved from the photosystems of <a href="/wiki/Green_sulfur_bacteria" title="Green sulfur bacteria">green sulfur bacteria</a>. The photosystems of green sulfur bacteria and those of <a href="/wiki/Cyanobacteria" title="Cyanobacteria">cyanobacteria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alga" class="mw-redirect" title="Alga">algae</a>, and higher plants are not the same, but there are many analogous functions and similar structures. Three main features are similar between the different photosystems.<sup id="cite_ref-Lockau_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lockau-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> First, redox potential is negative enough to reduce ferredoxin.<sup id="cite_ref-Lockau_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lockau-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Next, the electron-accepting reaction centers include iron–sulfur proteins.<sup id="cite_ref-Lockau_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lockau-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Last, redox centres in complexes of both photosystems are constructed upon a protein subunit dimer.<sup id="cite_ref-Lockau_23-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lockau-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The photosystem of green sulfur bacteria even contains all of the same cofactors of the <a href="/wiki/Electron_transport_chain" title="Electron transport chain">electron transport chain</a> in PSI.<sup id="cite_ref-Lockau_23-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lockau-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The number and degree of similarities between the two photosystems strongly indicates that PSI and the analogous photosystem of green sulfur bacteria evolved from a common ancestral photosystem. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Photosystem_I&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 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a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output 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Freeman. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/biologyofplants00rave_0/page/121">121–127</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7167-1007-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7167-1007-3"><bdi>978-0-7167-1007-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Photosynthesis%2C+Light%2C+and+Life&rft.btitle=Biology+of+Plants&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=121-127&rft.edition=7th&rft.pub=W.+H.+Freeman&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7167-1007-3&rft.aulast=Raven&rft.aufirst=Peter+H.&rft.au=Evert%2C+Ray+F.&rft.au=Eichhorn%2C+Susan+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbiologyofplants00rave_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhotosystem+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Taiz-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Taiz_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Taiz_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZeigerTaiz2006" class="citation book cs1">Zeiger E, Taiz L (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://4e.plantphys.net/article.php?ch=3&id=73">"Ch. 7: Topic 7.8: Photosystem I"</a>. <i>Plant Physiology</i> (4th ed.). Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87893-856-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-87893-856-7"><bdi>0-87893-856-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ch.+7%3A+Topic+7.8%3A+Photosystem+I&rft.btitle=Plant+Physiology&rft.place=Sunderland%2C+MA&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Sinauer+Associates&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-87893-856-7&rft.aulast=Zeiger&rft.aufirst=Eduardo&rft.au=Taiz%2C+Lincoln&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F4e.plantphys.net%2Farticle.php%3Fch%3D3%26id%3D73&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhotosystem+I" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged April 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kent-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kent_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kent_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090219143934/http://kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca/cm1504/lightreact.htm">"The Photosynthetic Process"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca/cm1504/lightreact.htm">the original</a> on 2009-02-19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Photosynthetic+Process&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca%2Fcm1504%2Flightreact.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhotosystem+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shubin-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shubin_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shubin_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShubinKarapetyanKrasnovsky1986" class="citation journal cs1">Shubin VV, Karapetyan NV, Krasnovsky AA (January 1986). "Molecular arrangement of pigment-protein complex of photosystem 1". <i>Photosynthesis Research</i>. <b>9</b> (1–2): 3–12. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1986PhoRe...9....3S">1986PhoRe...9....3S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF00029726">10.1007/BF00029726</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24442279">24442279</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:26158482">26158482</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Photosynthesis+Research&rft.atitle=Molecular+arrangement+of+pigment-protein+complex+of+photosystem+1&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=3-12&rft.date=1986-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF00029726&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A26158482%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24442279&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1986PhoRe...9....3S&rft.aulast=Shubin&rft.aufirst=VV&rft.au=Karapetyan%2C+NV&rft.au=Krasnovsky%2C+AA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhotosystem+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rutherford-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rutherford_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRutherfordHeathcote1985" class="citation journal cs1">Rutherford AW, Heathcote P (December 1985). 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEBS+Letters&rft.atitle=Vitamin+K%3Csub%3E1%3C%2Fsub%3E+%28Phylloquinone%29+Restores+the+Turnover+of+FeS+centers+of+Ether-extracted+Spinach+PSI+Particles&rft.volume=243&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=47-52&rft.date=1989&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0014-5793%2889%2981215-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A84602152%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Itoh&rft.aufirst=Shigeru&rft.au=Iwaki%2C+Masayo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252F0014-5793%252889%252981215-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhotosystem+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPalaceFrankeWarden1987" class="citation journal cs1">Palace GP, Franke JE, Warden JT (May 1987). 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href="#cite_ref-Vassiliev_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vassiliev_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVassilievAntonkineGolbeck2001" class="citation journal cs1">Vassiliev IR, Antonkine ML, Golbeck JH (October 2001). 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"Photosystem I and its Bacterial Counterparts". <i>Physiologia Plantarum</i>. <b>88</b> (2): 372–381. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1399-3054.1993.tb05512.x">10.1111/j.1399-3054.1993.tb05512.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physiologia+Plantarum&rft.atitle=Photosystem+I+and+its+Bacterial+Counterparts&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=372-381&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1399-3054.1993.tb05512.x&rft.aulast=Lockau&rft.aufirst=Wolfgang&rft.au=Nitschke%2C+Wolfgang&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhotosystem+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Photosystem_I&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/static.do?p=education_discussion/molecule_of_the_month/pdb22_1.html">Photosystem I: Molecule of the Month in the Protein Data Bank</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110411021836/http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/static.do?p=education_discussion/molecule_of_the_month/pdb22_1.html">Archived</a> 2011-04-11 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://4e.plantphys.net/article.php?ch=3&id=73">Photosystem I in A Companion to Plant Physiology</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link 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title="Special:EditPage/Template:Other oxidoreductases"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Other_oxidoreductases_(EC_1.15–1.21)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other <a href="/wiki/Oxidoreductase" title="Oxidoreductase">oxidoreductases</a> (<a href="/wiki/Enzyme_Commission_number" title="Enzyme Commission number">EC</a> 1.15–1.21)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_1)#EC_1.15_Acting_on_superoxide_as_acceptor" title="List of EC numbers (EC 1)">1.15</a>: Acting on <a href="/wiki/Superoxide" title="Superoxide">superoxide</a> as acceptor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Superoxide_dismutase" title="Superoxide dismutase">Superoxide dismutase</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SOD1" title="SOD1">SOD1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOD2" title="SOD2">SOD2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOD3" title="SOD3">SOD3</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_1)#EC_1.16_Oxidizing_metal_ions" title="List of EC numbers (EC 1)">1.16</a>: Oxidizing <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metal</a> ions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ceruloplasmin" title="Ceruloplasmin">Ceruloplasmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(Methionine_synthase)_reductase" title="(Methionine synthase) reductase">(Methionine synthase) reductase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_1)#EC_1.17_Acting_on_CH_or_CH2_groups" title="List of EC numbers (EC 1)">1.17</a>: Acting on CH or CH2 groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xanthine_oxidase" title="Xanthine oxidase">Xanthine oxidase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribonucleotide_reductase" title="Ribonucleotide reductase">Ribonucleotide reductase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl_diphosphate_reductase" title="4-Hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase">4-Hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7-Hydroxymethyl_chlorophyll_a_reductase" title="7-Hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a reductase">7-Hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a reductase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_1)#EC_1.18_Acting_on_iron–sulfur_proteins_as_donors" title="List of EC numbers (EC 1)">1.18</a>: Acting on <a href="/wiki/Iron%E2%80%93sulfur_protein" title="Iron–sulfur protein">iron–sulfur proteins</a> as donors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nitrogenase" title="Nitrogenase">Nitrogenase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_1)#EC_1.19_Acting_on_reduced_flavodoxin_as_donor" title="List of EC numbers (EC 1)">1.19</a>: Acting on reduced <a href="/wiki/Flavodoxin" title="Flavodoxin">flavodoxin</a> as donor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nitrogenase_(flavodoxin)" title="Nitrogenase (flavodoxin)">Nitrogenase (flavodoxin)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_1)#EC_1.20_Acting_on_phosphorus_or_arsenic_in_donors" title="List of EC numbers (EC 1)">1.20</a>: Acting on <a href="/wiki/Phosphorus" title="Phosphorus">phosphorus</a> or <a href="/wiki/Arsenic" title="Arsenic">arsenic</a> in donors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glutaredoxin" title="Glutaredoxin">Glutaredoxin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GLRX" title="GLRX">GLRX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GLRX2" title="GLRX2">GLRX2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GLRX3" title="GLRX3">GLRX3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GLRX5" title="GLRX5">GLRX5</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_1)#EC_1.21_Acting_on_X-H_and_Y-H_to_form_an_X-Y_bond" title="List of EC numbers (EC 1)">1.21</a>: Acting on X-H and Y-H to form an X-Y bond</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isopenicillin_N_synthase" title="Isopenicillin N synthase">Isopenicillin N synthase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbamine_oxidase" title="Columbamine oxidase">Columbamine oxidase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reticuline_oxidase" title="Reticuline oxidase">Reticuline oxidase</a></li> <li>Sulochrin oxidase <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sulochrin_oxidase_((%2B)-bisdechlorogeodin-forming)" title="Sulochrin oxidase ((+)-bisdechlorogeodin-forming)">(+)-bisdechlorogeodin-forming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulochrin_oxidase_((-)-bisdechlorogeodin-forming)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulochrin oxidase ((-)-bisdechlorogeodin-forming)">(-)-bisdechlorogeodin-forming</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aureusidin_synthase" title="Aureusidin synthase">Aureusidin synthase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabinolic_acid_synthase" title="Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase">Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabidiolic_acid_synthase" title="Cannabidiolic acid synthase">Cannabidiolic acid synthase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dichlorochromopyrrolate_synthase" title="Dichlorochromopyrrolate synthase">Dichlorochromopyrrolate synthase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Enzymes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Enzymes" title="Template:Enzymes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Enzymes" title="Template talk:Enzymes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Enzymes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Enzymes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Enzymes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">Enzymes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Activity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_site" title="Active site">Active site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binding_site" title="Binding site">Binding site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalytic_triad" title="Catalytic triad">Catalytic triad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxyanion_hole" title="Oxyanion hole">Oxyanion hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enzyme_promiscuity" title="Enzyme promiscuity">Enzyme promiscuity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diffusion-limited_enzyme" title="Diffusion-limited enzyme">Diffusion-limited enzyme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cofactor_(biochemistry)" title="Cofactor (biochemistry)">Cofactor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enzyme_catalysis" title="Enzyme catalysis">Enzyme catalysis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regulation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allosteric_regulation" title="Allosteric regulation">Allosteric regulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperativity" title="Cooperativity">Cooperativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enzyme_inhibitor" title="Enzyme inhibitor">Enzyme inhibitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enzyme_activator" title="Enzyme activator">Enzyme activator</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enzyme_Commission_number" title="Enzyme Commission number">EC number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protein_superfamily" title="Protein superfamily">Enzyme superfamily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protein_family" title="Protein family">Enzyme family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_enzymes" title="List of enzymes">List of enzymes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kinetics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enzyme_kinetics" title="Enzyme kinetics">Enzyme kinetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eadie%E2%80%93Hofstee_diagram" title="Eadie–Hofstee diagram">Eadie–Hofstee diagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanes%E2%80%93Woolf_plot" title="Hanes–Woolf plot">Hanes–Woolf plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lineweaver%E2%80%93Burk_plot" title="Lineweaver–Burk plot">Lineweaver–Burk plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michaelis%E2%80%93Menten_kinetics" title="Michaelis–Menten kinetics">Michaelis–Menten kinetics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>EC1 <a href="/wiki/Oxidoreductase" title="Oxidoreductase">Oxidoreductases</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_1)" title="List of EC numbers (EC 1)">list</a>)</li> <li><b>EC2 <a href="/wiki/Transferase" title="Transferase">Transferases</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_2)" title="List of EC numbers (EC 2)">list</a>)</li> <li><b>EC3 <a href="/wiki/Hydrolase" title="Hydrolase">Hydrolases</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_3)" title="List of EC numbers (EC 3)">list</a>)</li> <li><b>EC4 <a href="/wiki/Lyase" title="Lyase">Lyases</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_4)" title="List of EC numbers (EC 4)">list</a>)</li> <li><b>EC5 <a href="/wiki/Isomerase" title="Isomerase">Isomerases</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_5)" title="List of EC numbers (EC 5)">list</a>)</li> <li><b>EC6 <a href="/wiki/Ligase" title="Ligase">Ligases</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_6)" title="List of EC numbers (EC 6)">list</a>)</li> <li><b>EC7 <a href="/wiki/Translocase" title="Translocase">Translocases</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_7)" title="List of EC numbers (EC 7)">list</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Enzymes:_multienzyme_complexes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Multienzyme_complexes" title="Template:Multienzyme complexes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Multienzyme_complexes" title="Template talk:Multienzyme complexes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Multienzyme_complexes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Multienzyme complexes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Enzymes:_multienzyme_complexes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">Enzymes</a>: <a href="/wiki/Protein_complex" title="Protein complex">multienzyme complexes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Photosynthesis" title="Photosynthesis">Photosynthesis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Photosynthetic_reaction_centre" title="Photosynthetic reaction centre">Photosynthetic reaction center complex proteins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photosystem" title="Photosystem">Photosystem</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photosystem_II" title="Photosystem II">II</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dehydrogenase" title="Dehydrogenase">Dehydrogenase</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pyruvate_dehydrogenase_complex" title="Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex">Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pyruvate_dehydrogenase" title="Pyruvate dehydrogenase">E1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dihydrolipoyl_transacetylase" title="Dihydrolipoyl transacetylase">E2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dihydrolipoamide_dehydrogenase" title="Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase">E3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxoglutarate_dehydrogenase_complex" title="Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex">Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OGDH" title="OGDH">OGDH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DLST" title="DLST">DLST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dihydrolipoamide_dehydrogenase" title="Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase">DLD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branched-chain_alpha-keto_acid_dehydrogenase_complex" title="Branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex">Branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BCKDHA" title="BCKDHA">BCKDHA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BCKDHB" title="BCKDHB">BCKDHB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DBT_(gene)" title="DBT (gene)">DBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dihydrolipoamide_dehydrogenase" title="Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase">DLD</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CAD_(gene)" class="mw-redirect" title="CAD (gene)">CAD</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carbamoyl_phosphate_synthase_II" title="Carbamoyl phosphate synthase II">Carbamoyl phosphate synthase II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspartate_carbamoyltransferase" title="Aspartate carbamoyltransferase">Aspartate carbamoyltransferase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dihydroorotase" title="Dihydroorotase">Dihydroorotase</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P450-containing_systems" title="P450-containing systems">P450-containing systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cytochrome_b6f_complex" title="Cytochrome b6f complex">Cytochrome b6f complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electron_transport_chain" title="Electron transport chain">Electron transport chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatty_acid_synthase" title="Fatty acid synthase">Fatty acid synthetase complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glycine_cleavage_system" title="Glycine cleavage system">Glycine decarboxylase complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitochondrial_trifunctional_protein" title="Mitochondrial trifunctional protein">Mitochondrial trifunctional protein</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HADHA" title="HADHA">HADHA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HADHB" title="HADHB">HADHB</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PEP_group_translocation" title="PEP group translocation">Phosphoenolpyruvate sugar phosphotransferase system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyketide_synthase" title="Polyketide synthase">Polyketide synthase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sucrase-isomaltase" title="Sucrase-isomaltase">Sucrase-isomaltase complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tryptophan_synthase" title="Tryptophan synthase">Tryptophan synthase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Photosystem_I&oldid=1237733349">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Photosystem_I&oldid=1237733349</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Photosynthesis" title="Category:Photosynthesis">Photosynthesis</a></li><li><a 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