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cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Clinical significance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Clinical_significance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cancer_risk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cancer_risk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Cancer risk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cancer_risk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Role_in_oxidative_stress" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Role_in_oxidative_stress"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Role in oxidative stress</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Role_in_oxidative_stress-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yeast_studies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yeast_studies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Yeast studies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yeast_studies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Role_in_invertebrates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Role_in_invertebrates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Role in invertebrates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Role_in_invertebrates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Animal_studies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Animal_studies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Animal studies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Animal_studies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interactions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interactions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Interactions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interactions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">SOD2</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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title="Mangaani sisaldav superoksiidi dismutaas – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mangaani sisaldav superoksiidi dismutaas" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOD2" title="SOD2 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="SOD2" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0-2" title="Супероксиддисмутаза-2 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Супероксиддисмутаза-2" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q15335612#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/SOD2" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:SOD2" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page 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<div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/SOD2" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/SOD2" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a 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[g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the video game, see <a href="/wiki/State_of_Decay_2" title="State of Decay 2">State of Decay 2</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Enzyme</div> <table class="infobox" style="width:26.4em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold">SOD2</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Protein_SOD2_PDB_1ap5.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Protein_SOD2_PDB_1ap5.png/250px-Protein_SOD2_PDB_1ap5.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Protein_SOD2_PDB_1ap5.png/375px-Protein_SOD2_PDB_1ap5.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Protein_SOD2_PDB_1ap5.png/500px-Protein_SOD2_PDB_1ap5.png 2x" data-file-width="886" data-file-height="777" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd">Available structures</th></tr><tr><th rowspan="2" style="background-color:#c3fdb8;width:43px"><a href="/wiki/Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">PDB</a></th><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#eee">Ortholog search: <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/searchResults.html?display=both&term=P09671%20or%20P04179">PDBe</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/search?q=rcsb_polymer_entity_container_identifiers.reference_sequence_identifiers.database_name:UniProt%20AND%20rcsb_polymer_entity_container_identifiers.reference_sequence_identifiers.database_accession:P09671,P04179">RCSB</a> </span></td></tr><tr><td><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr style="background-color:#ddd;text-align:center"><th colspan="2">List of PDB id codes</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#eee"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1AP5">1AP5</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1AP6">1AP6</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1EM1">1EM1</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1JA8">1JA8</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1LUV">1LUV</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1LUW">1LUW</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1MSD">1MSD</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1N0J">1N0J</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1N0N">1N0N</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1PL4">1PL4</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1PM9">1PM9</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1QNM">1QNM</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1SZX">1SZX</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1VAR">1VAR</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1XDC">1XDC</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1XIL">1XIL</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1ZSP">1ZSP</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1ZTE">1ZTE</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1ZUQ">1ZUQ</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2ADP">2ADP</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2ADQ">2ADQ</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2GDS">2GDS</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2P4K">2P4K</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2QKA">2QKA</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2QKC">2QKC</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3C3S">3C3S</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3C3T">3C3T</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><span class="plainlinks"><a href="/wiki/Gene_nomenclature" title="Gene nomenclature">Aliases</a></span></th><td colspan="3" style="background:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/11180">SOD2</a></span>, IPOB, MNSOD, MVCD6, IPO-B, Mn-SOD, superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial, superoxide dismutase 2, GClnc1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">External IDs</th><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a href="/wiki/Mendelian_Inheritance_in_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Mendelian Inheritance in Man">OMIM</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omim.org/entry/147460">147460</a>; <a href="/wiki/Mouse_Genome_Informatics" title="Mouse Genome Informatics">MGI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.informatics.jax.org/marker/MGI:98352">98352</a>; <a href="/wiki/HomoloGene" title="HomoloGene">HomoloGene</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=homologene&dopt=HomoloGene&list_uids=530">530</a>; <a href="/wiki/GeneCards" title="GeneCards">GeneCards</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=SOD2">SOD2</a>; <a href="/wiki/Orthologous_MAtrix" title="Orthologous MAtrix">OMA</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omabrowser.org/oma/vps/ENSG00000112096">SOD2 - orthologs</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd">Gene location (<a href="/wiki/Human_genome" title="Human genome">Human</a>)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ideogram_human_chromosome_6.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chromosome 6 (human)"><img alt="Chromosome 6 (human)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Ideogram_human_chromosome_6.svg/300px-Ideogram_human_chromosome_6.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Ideogram_human_chromosome_6.svg/450px-Ideogram_human_chromosome_6.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Ideogram_human_chromosome_6.svg/600px-Ideogram_human_chromosome_6.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="474" data-file-height="189" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" width="15%" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Chromosome" title="Chromosome">Chr.</a></th><td colspan="3" width="85%" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a href="/wiki/Chromosome_6_(human)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromosome 6 (human)">Chromosome 6 (human)</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><div align="center"><div style="position: relative; width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Human_chromosome_6_ideogram.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chromosome 6 (human)"><img alt="Chromosome 6 (human)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Human_chromosome_6_ideogram.svg/300px-Human_chromosome_6_ideogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Human_chromosome_6_ideogram.svg/450px-Human_chromosome_6_ideogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Human_chromosome_6_ideogram.svg/600px-Human_chromosome_6_ideogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1125" data-file-height="216" /></a></span><div style="position: absolute; left: 269.63556564859px; top: 2px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Genomic location for SOD2"><img alt="Genomic location for SOD2" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/14px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/21px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/28px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="142" data-file-height="142" /></a></span></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 275.6px; top: 19px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_rectangle_2x18.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Genomic location for SOD2"><img alt="Genomic location for SOD2" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Red_rectangle_2x18.png" decoding="async" width="2" height="18" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2" data-file-height="18" /></a></span></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" rowspan="2" width="15%" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Locus_(genetics)" title="Locus (genetics)">Band</a></th><td rowspan="2" width="35%" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">6q25.3</span></td><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">Start</th><td style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">159,669,069 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">End</th><td style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">159,762,529 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd">Gene location (<a href="/wiki/Laboratory_mouse" title="Laboratory mouse">Mouse</a>)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_17.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chromosome 17 (mouse)"><img alt="Chromosome 17 (mouse)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_17.svg/260px-Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_17.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_17.svg/390px-Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_17.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_17.svg/520px-Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_17.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="470" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" width="15%" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Chromosome" title="Chromosome">Chr.</a></th><td colspan="3" width="85%" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">Chromosome 17 (mouse)<sup id="cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><div align="center"><div style="position: relative; width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_17.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chromosome 17 (mouse)"><img alt="Chromosome 17 (mouse)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_17.svg/300px-Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_17.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_17.svg/450px-Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_17.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_17.svg/600px-Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_17.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="231" /></a></span><div style="position: absolute; left: 35.605623594427px; top: 2px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Genomic location for SOD2"><img alt="Genomic location for SOD2" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/14px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/21px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/28px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="142" data-file-height="142" /></a></span></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 41.6px; top: 19px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_rectangle_2x18.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Genomic location for SOD2"><img alt="Genomic location for SOD2" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Red_rectangle_2x18.png" decoding="async" width="2" height="18" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2" data-file-height="18" /></a></span></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" rowspan="2" width="15%" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Locus_(genetics)" title="Locus (genetics)">Band</a></th><td rowspan="2" width="35%" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">17 A1|17 8.75 cM</span></td><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">Start</th><td style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">13,225,733 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">End</th><td style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">13,258,950 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Gene_expression" title="Gene expression">RNA expression</a> pattern</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/">Bgee</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th><b><a href="/wiki/Human_genome" title="Human genome">Human</a></b></th><th><b><a href="/wiki/Laboratory_mouse" title="Laboratory mouse">Mouse</a> (ortholog)</b></th></tr><tr><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks" style="margin:-3px"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/gene/ENSG00000112096">Top expressed in</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><div class="plainlinks" style="margin:-12px 0px -10px 0px"><ul style="line-height:15%;margin:9px"><li style="line-height: 137%;">gastrocnemius muscle</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">beta cell</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">Achilles tendon</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">blood</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">cartilage tissue</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">gastric mucosa</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">monocyte</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">gallbladder</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">epithelium of colon</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">left adrenal gland</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks" style="margin:-3px"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/gene/ENSMUSG00000006818">Top expressed in</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><div class="plainlinks" style="margin:-12px 0px -10px 0px"><ul style="line-height:15%;margin:9px"><li style="line-height: 137%;">right ventricle</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">right kidney</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">atrioventricular valve</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">myocardium of ventricle</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">cardiac muscles</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">Epithelium of choroid plexus</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">facial motor nucleus</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">endocardial cushion</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">intercostal muscle</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">digastric muscle</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/gene/ENSG00000112096">More reference expression data</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biogps.org/">BioGPS</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PBB_GE_SOD2_216841_s_at_fs.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/PBB_GE_SOD2_216841_s_at_fs.png/250px-PBB_GE_SOD2_216841_s_at_fs.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/PBB_GE_SOD2_216841_s_at_fs.png/375px-PBB_GE_SOD2_216841_s_at_fs.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/PBB_GE_SOD2_216841_s_at_fs.png/500px-PBB_GE_SOD2_216841_s_at_fs.png 2x" data-file-width="732" data-file-height="530" /></a></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PBB_GE_SOD2_215223_s_at_fs.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/PBB_GE_SOD2_215223_s_at_fs.png/250px-PBB_GE_SOD2_215223_s_at_fs.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/PBB_GE_SOD2_215223_s_at_fs.png/375px-PBB_GE_SOD2_215223_s_at_fs.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/PBB_GE_SOD2_215223_s_at_fs.png/500px-PBB_GE_SOD2_215223_s_at_fs.png 2x" data-file-width="732" data-file-height="530" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biogps.org/gene/6648/">More reference expression data</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Gene_ontology" class="mw-redirect" title="Gene ontology">Gene ontology</a></th></tr><tr><td style="background-color:#c3fdb8;font-weight:bold">Molecular function</td><td style="background-color:#eee"><div class="plainlinks"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0004784">superoxide dismutase activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0030145">manganese ion binding</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0046872">metal ion binding</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0042802">identical protein binding</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0016491">oxidoreductase activity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color:#c3fdb8;font-weight:bold">Cellular component</td><td style="background-color:#eee"><div class="plainlinks"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005739">mitochondrion</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0070062">extracellular exosome</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005759">mitochondrial matrix</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color:#c3fdb8;font-weight:bold">Biological process</td><td style="background-color:#eee"><div class="plainlinks"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0043524">negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0000303">response to superoxide</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0006357">regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0019430">removal of superoxide radicals</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0003069">acetylcholine-mediated vasodilation involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0008217">regulation of blood pressure</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:1902176">negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0051289">protein homotetramerization</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0032364">oxygen homeostasis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0001836">release of cytochrome c from mitochondria</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0006801">superoxide metabolic process</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0008285">negative regulation of cell population proliferation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0030335">positive regulation of cell migration</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0007005">mitochondrion organization</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0034599">cellular response to oxidative stress</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0035722">interleukin-12-mediated signaling pathway</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0007568">ageing</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:1904706">negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:1905461">positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:1905932">positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in phenotypic switching</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="background-color:#eee;text-align:center">Sources:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/">Amigo</a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/">QuickGO</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table class="collapsible" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Orthologs" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthologs">Orthologs</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">Species</th><td><b>Human</b></td><td><b>Mouse</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Entrez" title="Entrez">Entrez</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene&cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=6648&rn=1">6648</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene&cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=20656&rn=1">20656</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Ensembl" class="mw-redirect" title="Ensembl">Ensembl</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/geneview?gene=ENSG00000112096;db=core">ENSG00000112096</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensembl.org/Mus_musculus/geneview?gene=ENSMUSG00000006818;db=core">ENSMUSG00000006818</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/UniProt" title="UniProt">UniProt</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04179">P04179</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P09671">P09671</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">RefSeq (mRNA)</th><td><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_000636">NM_000636</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001024465">NM_001024465</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001024466">NM_001024466</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001322814">NM_001322814</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001322815">NM_001322815</a><br /></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001322816">NM_001322816</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001322817">NM_001322817</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001322819">NM_001322819</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001322820">NM_001322820</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_013671">NM_013671</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">RefSeq (protein)</th><td><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_000627">NP_000627</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001019636">NP_001019636</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001019637">NP_001019637</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001309743">NP_001309743</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001309744">NP_001309744</a><br /></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001309745">NP_001309745</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001309746">NP_001309746</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001309748">NP_001309748</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001309749">NP_001309749</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_038699">NP_038699</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">Location (UCSC)</th><td><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?org=Human&db=hg38&position=chr6:159669069-159762529">Chr 6: 159.67 – 159.76 Mb</a></span></td><td><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?org=Mouse&db=mm0&position=chr17:13225733-13258950">Chr 17: 13.23 – 13.26 Mb</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PubMed</a> search</th><td><span class="plainlinks"><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td><td><span class="plainlinks"><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#eee;text-align:center"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15335612" class="extiw" title="d:Q15335612">View/Edit Human</a></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#eee;text-align:center"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15335617" class="extiw" title="d:Q15335617">View/Edit Mouse</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial</b> (<b>SOD2</b>), also known as manganese-dependent <a href="/wiki/Superoxide_dismutase" title="Superoxide dismutase">superoxide dismutase</a> (MnSOD), is an <a href="/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">enzyme</a> which in humans is encoded by the <i>SOD2</i> <a href="/wiki/Gene" title="Gene">gene</a> on chromosome 6.<sup id="cite_ref-entrez_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-entrez-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid25224035_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid25224035-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A related <a href="/wiki/Pseudogene" title="Pseudogene">pseudogene</a> has been identified on chromosome 1. <a href="/wiki/Alternative_splicing" title="Alternative splicing">Alternative splicing</a> of this gene results in multiple transcript variants.<sup id="cite_ref-entrez_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-entrez-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This gene is a member of the iron/manganese superoxide dismutase family. It encodes a mitochondrial protein that forms a <a href="/wiki/Homotetramer" class="mw-redirect" title="Homotetramer">homotetramer</a> and binds one manganese ion per subunit. This protein binds to the superoxide byproducts of <a href="/wiki/Oxidative_phosphorylation" title="Oxidative phosphorylation">oxidative phosphorylation</a> and converts them to <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_peroxide" title="Hydrogen peroxide">hydrogen peroxide</a> and <a href="/wiki/Diatomic_Oxygen" class="mw-redirect" title="Diatomic Oxygen">diatomic oxygen</a>. Mutations in this gene have been associated with idiopathic <a href="/wiki/Cardiomyopathy" title="Cardiomyopathy">cardiomyopathy</a> (IDC), premature aging, sporadic motor neuron disease, and cancer.<sup id="cite_ref-entrez_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-entrez-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SOD2&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>SOD2</i> gene contains five <a href="/wiki/Exon" title="Exon">exons</a> interrupted by four <a href="/wiki/Intron" title="Intron">introns</a>, an uncharacteristic 5′-proximal <a href="/wiki/Promoter_(genetics)" title="Promoter (genetics)">promoter</a> that possesses a GC-rich region in place of the TATA or CAAT, and an <a href="/wiki/Enhancer_(genetics)" title="Enhancer (genetics)">enhancer</a> in the second intron. The proximal promoter region contains multiple binding sites for <a href="/wiki/Transcription_factor" title="Transcription factor">transcription factors</a>, including specific-1 (<a href="/wiki/Sp1_transcription_factor" class="mw-redirect" title="Sp1 transcription factor">Sp1</a>), activator protein 2 (<a href="/wiki/Activating_protein_2" title="Activating protein 2">AP-2</a>), and early growth response 1 (<a href="/wiki/Egr-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Egr-1">Egr-1</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-pmid25224035_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid25224035-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This gene is a <a href="/wiki/Mitochondria" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitochondria">mitochondrial</a> member of the iron/manganese <a href="/wiki/Superoxide_dismutase" title="Superoxide dismutase">superoxide dismutase</a> family.<sup id="cite_ref-entrez_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-entrez-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid12551919_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid12551919-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It encodes a mitochondrial matrix protein that forms a <a href="/wiki/Homotetramer" class="mw-redirect" title="Homotetramer">homotetramer</a> and binds one manganese ion per <a href="/wiki/Protein_subunit" title="Protein subunit">subunit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-entrez_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-entrez-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid25224035_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid25224035-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The manganese site forms a trigonal bipyramidal geometry with four ligands from the protein and a fifth solvent ligand. This solvent ligand is a hydroxide believed to serve as the electron acceptor of the enzyme. The <a href="/wiki/Active_site" title="Active site">active site</a> cavity consists of a network of <a href="/wiki/Side_chain" title="Side chain">side chains</a> of several residues associated by <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_bond" title="Hydrogen bond">hydrogen bonding</a>, extending from the aqueous ligand of the metal. Of note, the highly conserved <a href="/wiki/Amino_acid" title="Amino acid">residue</a> Tyr34 plays a key role in the hydrogen-bonding network, as <a href="/wiki/Nitration" title="Nitration">nitration</a> of this residue inhibits the protein's catalytic ability.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid19265433_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid19265433-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This protein also possesses an <a href="/wiki/N-terminal" class="mw-redirect" title="N-terminal">N-terminal</a> mitochondrial <a href="/wiki/Targeting_sequence" class="mw-redirect" title="Targeting sequence">leader sequence</a> which targets it to the mitochondrial matrix, where it converts mitochondrial-generated <a href="/wiki/Reactive_oxygen_species" title="Reactive oxygen species">reactive oxygen species</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Respiratory_chain" class="mw-redirect" title="Respiratory chain">respiratory chain</a> to H2.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid25224035_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid25224035-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Alternative_splicing" title="Alternative splicing">Alternate transcriptional splice</a> variants, encoding different <a href="/wiki/Isoform" class="mw-redirect" title="Isoform">isoforms</a>, have been characterized.<sup id="cite_ref-entrez_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-entrez-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Function">Function</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SOD2&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Function"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a member of the iron/manganese <a href="/wiki/Superoxide_dismutase" title="Superoxide dismutase">superoxide dismutase</a> family, this protein transforms toxic <a href="/wiki/Superoxide" title="Superoxide">superoxide</a>, a byproduct of the <a href="/wiki/Mitochondrial_electron_transport_chain" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitochondrial electron transport chain">mitochondrial electron transport chain</a>, into <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_peroxide" title="Hydrogen peroxide">hydrogen peroxide</a> and diatomic <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-entrez_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-entrez-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This function allows SOD2 to clear mitochondrial <a href="/wiki/Reactive_oxygen_species" title="Reactive oxygen species">reactive oxygen species</a> (ROS) and, as a result, confer protection against cell death.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid12551919_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid12551919-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, this protein plays an antiapoptotic role against <a href="/wiki/Oxidative_stress" title="Oxidative stress">oxidative stress</a>, ionizing <a href="/wiki/Radiation" title="Radiation">radiation</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Inflammation" title="Inflammation">inflammatory</a> <a href="/wiki/Cytokine" title="Cytokine">cytokines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid25224035_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid25224035-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SOD2_Proton-Coupled_Electron_Transfer_Mechanism.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/SOD2_Proton-Coupled_Electron_Transfer_Mechanism.tif/lossy-page1-700px-SOD2_Proton-Coupled_Electron_Transfer_Mechanism.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="700" height="315" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/SOD2_Proton-Coupled_Electron_Transfer_Mechanism.tif/lossy-page1-1050px-SOD2_Proton-Coupled_Electron_Transfer_Mechanism.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/SOD2_Proton-Coupled_Electron_Transfer_Mechanism.tif/lossy-page1-1400px-SOD2_Proton-Coupled_Electron_Transfer_Mechanism.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="10000" data-file-height="4500" /></a><figcaption>The SOD2 proton-coupled electron transfer mechanism<sup id="cite_ref-Azadmanesh_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Azadmanesh-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mechanism">Mechanism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SOD2&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Mechanism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>SOD2 uses cyclic proton-coupled electron transfer reactions to convert superoxide (O<sub>2</sub><sup>•-</sup>) into either oxygen (O<sub>2</sub>) or hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>), depending on the oxidation state of the manganese metal and the protonation status of the active site. </p><p>Mn<sup>3+</sup> + O<sub>2</sub><sup>•-</sup> ↔ Mn<sup>2+</sup> + O<sub>2</sub> </p><p>Mn<sup>2+</sup> + O<sub>2</sub><sup>•-</sup> + 2H<sup>+</sup> ↔ Mn<sup>3+</sup> + H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> </p><p>The protons of the active site have been directly visualized and revealed that SOD2 utilizes a series of proton transfers among its active site residues per electron transfer step.<sup id="cite_ref-Azadmanesh_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Azadmanesh-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The findings demonstrate the use of unusual chemistry by the enzyme that include a glutamine that is cyclically deprotonated and protonated and amino acids with pK<sub>a</sub>s that are significantly different from expected values. Low-barrier and short-strong hydrogen bonds are seen contributing to catalysis by promoting proton transfers and stabilizing intermediates in a fashion similar to those of some catalytic Asp-Ser-His triads.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clinical_significance">Clinical significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SOD2&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Clinical significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The SOD2 enzyme is an important constituent in apoptotic signaling and <a href="/wiki/Oxidative_stress" title="Oxidative stress">oxidative stress</a>, most notably as part of the mitochondrial death pathway and cardiac myocyte apoptosis signaling.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Programmed cell death is a distinct genetic and biochemical pathway essential to metazoans. An intact death pathway is required for successful embryonic development and the maintenance of normal tissue homeostasis. Apoptosis has proven to be tightly interwoven with other essential cell pathways. The identification of critical control points in the cell death pathway has yielded fundamental insights for basic biology, as well as provided rational targets for new therapeutics a normal <a href="/wiki/Embryologic" class="mw-redirect" title="Embryologic">embryologic</a> processes, or during cell injury (such as ischemia-reperfusion injury during <a href="/wiki/Heart_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="Heart attacks">heart attacks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Strokes" class="mw-redirect" title="Strokes">strokes</a>) or during developments and processes in <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancer</a>, an apoptotic cell undergoes structural changes including cell shrinkage, plasma membrane blebbing, nuclear condensation, and fragmentation of the <a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cell_nucleus" title="Cell nucleus">nucleus</a>. This is followed by fragmentation into apoptotic bodies that are quickly removed by <a href="/wiki/Phagocytes" class="mw-redirect" title="Phagocytes">phagocytes</a>, thereby preventing an <a href="/wiki/Inflammation" title="Inflammation">inflammatory</a> response.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a mode of cell death defined by characteristic morphological, biochemical and molecular changes. It was first described as a "shrinkage necrosis", and then this term was replaced by apoptosis to emphasize its role opposite <a href="/wiki/Mitosis" title="Mitosis">mitosis</a> in tissue kinetics. In later stages of apoptosis the entire cell becomes fragmented, forming a number of plasma membrane-bounded apoptotic bodies which contain nuclear and or cytoplasmic elements. The ultrastructural appearance of <a href="/wiki/Necrosis" title="Necrosis">necrosis</a> is quite different, the main features being mitochondrial swelling, plasma membrane breakdown and cellular disintegration. Apoptosis occurs in many <a href="/wiki/Physiological" class="mw-redirect" title="Physiological">physiological</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pathological" class="mw-redirect" title="Pathological">pathological</a> processes. It plays an important role during <a href="/wiki/Embryonal" class="mw-redirect" title="Embryonal">embryonal</a> development as programmed cell death and accompanies a variety of normal involutional processes in which it serves as a mechanism to remove "unwanted" cells. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cancer_risk">Cancer risk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SOD2&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Cancer risk"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Numerous studies have reported associations between SOD2 <a href="/wiki/Polymorphism_(biology)" title="Polymorphism (biology)">polymorphisms</a> and cancer risk, but results have been inconsistent. An updated <a href="/wiki/Meta-analysis" title="Meta-analysis">meta-analysis</a> of such studies revealed that SOD2 polymorphisms are related to the development of <a href="/wiki/Non-Hodgkin_lymphoma" title="Non-Hodgkin lymphoma">non-Hodgkin lymphoma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lung_cancer" title="Lung cancer">lung cancer</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Colorectal_cancer" title="Colorectal cancer">colorectal cancer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid26628947_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid26628947-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Role_in_oxidative_stress">Role in oxidative stress</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SOD2&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Role in oxidative stress"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most notably, SOD2 is pivotal in <a href="/wiki/Reactive_oxygen_species" title="Reactive oxygen species">reactive oxygen species</a> (ROS) release during oxidative stress by ischemia-reperfusion injury, specifically in the myocardium as part of a <a href="/wiki/Heart_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Heart attack">heart attack</a> (also known as <a href="/wiki/Ischemic_heart_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Ischemic heart disease">ischemic heart disease</a>). Ischemic heart disease, which results from an <a href="/wiki/Vascular_occlusion" title="Vascular occlusion">occlusion</a> of one of the major <a href="/wiki/Coronary_arteries" title="Coronary arteries">coronary arteries</a>, is currently still the leading cause of <a href="/wiki/Morbidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Morbidity">morbidity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cause_of_death" title="Cause of death">mortality</a> in western society.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During ischemia reperfusion, ROS release substantially contribute to the cell damage and death via a direct effect on the cell as well as via apoptotic signals. SOD2 is known to have a capacity to limit the detrimental effects of ROS. As such, SOD2 is important for its cardioprotective effects.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, SOD2 has been implicated in cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury, such as during <a href="/wiki/Ischemic_preconditioning" title="Ischemic preconditioning">ischemic preconditioning</a> of the heart.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although a large burst of ROS is known to lead to cell damage, a moderate release of ROS from the mitochondria, which occurs during nonlethal short episodes of ischemia, can play a significant triggering role in the signal transduction pathways of ischemic preconditioning leading to reduction of cell damage. It has even observed that during this release of ROS, SOD2 plays an important role hereby regulating apoptotic signaling and cell death. </p><p>Due to its cytoprotective effects, overexpression of SOD2 has been linked to increased invasiveness of <a href="/wiki/Tumor" class="mw-redirect" title="Tumor">tumor</a> <a href="/wiki/Metastasis" title="Metastasis">metastasis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid12551919_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid12551919-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its role in controlling ROS levels also involves it in <a href="/wiki/Ageing" title="Ageing">ageing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancer</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Neurodegenerative_disease" title="Neurodegenerative disease">neurodegenerative disease</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid19265433_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid19265433-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mutations in this gene have been associated with <a href="/wiki/Idiopathic" class="mw-redirect" title="Idiopathic">idiopathic</a> <a href="/wiki/Cardiomyopathy" title="Cardiomyopathy">cardiomyopathy</a> (IDC), sporadic motor neuron disease, and cancer. A common polymorphism associated with greater susceptibility to various pathologies is found in the mitochondrial leader targeting sequence (Val9Ala).<sup id="cite_ref-pmid17640558_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17640558-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mice lacking Sod2 die shortly after birth, indicating that unchecked levels of superoxide are incompatible with mammalian life.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid7493016_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid7493016-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, mice 50% deficient in Sod2 have a normal lifespan and minimal phenotypic defects but do suffer increased DNA damage and increased incidence of cancer.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid14679299_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid14679299-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <i><a href="/wiki/Drosophila_melanogaster" title="Drosophila melanogaster">Drosophila melanogaster</a></i>, over-expression of Sod2 has been shown to increase <a href="/wiki/Maximum_lifespan" class="mw-redirect" title="Maximum lifespan">maximum lifespan</a> by 20% in one study,<sup id="cite_ref-pmid18067683_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18067683-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and by as much as 37% in another study.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid12072463_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid12072463-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Yeast_studies">Yeast studies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SOD2&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Yeast studies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In wild-type budding yeast <i><a href="/wiki/Saccharomyces_cerevisiae" title="Saccharomyces cerevisiae">Saccharomyces cerevisiae</a></i> nuclear <a href="/wiki/DNA_fragmentation" title="DNA fragmentation">DNA fragmentation</a> increased 3-fold during cellular aging, whereas in the absence of SOD2 nuclear DNA fragmentation increased by 5-fold during aging.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid24462872_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid24462872-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Production of <a href="/wiki/Reactive_oxygen_species" title="Reactive oxygen species">reactive oxygen species</a> also increased with cellular age, but by a greater amount in SOD2 mutant cells than in wild-type cells. In the fission yeast <i><a href="/wiki/Schizosaccharomyces_pombe" title="Schizosaccharomyces pombe">Schizosaccharomyces pombe</a></i>, SOD2 deficiency, drastically increased cellular aging and decreased cell viability in the <a href="/wiki/Stationary_phase_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stationary phase (biology)">stationary phase</a> of the growth cycle.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid26507459_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid26507459-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Role_in_invertebrates">Role in invertebrates</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SOD2&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Role in invertebrates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>SOD2's significant role in oxidative stress management makes it an essential component of the mitochondria. As a result, SOD2 similarly to SOD1 and SOD3 is highly conserved in vertebrates as well as in invertebrates. In the study Multiple measures of functionality exhibit progressive decline in a parallel, stochastic fashion in <i>Drosophilla</i> Sod2 mutants.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid19148770_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid19148770-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In SOD2 mutants there was a cascade of deterioration within the organ systems. These deterioration were not linear in that one organ's system would fail then the other, rather on the contrary the deterioration were parallel, meaning that various systems would be affected at any given time. The build up of ROS's in the flies did play a substantial role in affecting the organ system s of the flies in such a way, that though not all observed flies suffered permanent damage, the damages that were observed were like those associated with old age in mature fruit flies.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid14679299_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid14679299-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tissues that are affected in light of defective SOD2 in invertebrates are the muscles, heart, and brain. ROS's effect on these tissue results in not only loss of cellular function in most cases, but a substantial loss in longevity.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid18067683_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18067683-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though SOD2's role in oxidative stress management is one that has been accepted for both vertebrates and invertebrates, its necessity has been questioned by a study that was conducted on <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> (<i>C. elegans</i>). The correlation between the lack of defective SOD2 and loss of longevity and function is generally understood, however it was discovered that the removal of some of the five members of the SOD family including SOD2 resulted in the increase in longevity in mutant C. elegans compared to the wild type.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Animal_studies">Animal studies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SOD2&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Animal studies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When animals are exercised at a relatively high work rate, exercise training promotes an increase in myocardial MnSOD activity. Increased MnSOD activity is required to achieve optimal training-induced protection against both ischemia/reperfusion(IR)-induced cardiac arrhythmias and infarction Using an antisense oligonucleotide against MnSOD to prevent ExTr-induced increases in myocardial MnSOD activity, it was demonstrated that an increase in myocardial MnSOD activity is required to provide training-induced protection against IR-induced myocardial infarction.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid10359573_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid10359573-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Using a MnSOD gene silencing approach, reported that prevention of the ExTr-induced increase in myocardial MnSOD resulted in a loss of training-induced protection against IR-mediated arrhythmias.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid15454275_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15454275-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a mouse model, <a href="/wiki/Mitochondria" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitochondria">mitochondrial</a> <a href="/wiki/Oxidative_stress" title="Oxidative stress">oxidative stress</a> caused by SOD2 deficiency promoted cellular <a href="/wiki/Senescence" title="Senescence">senescence</a> and aging phenotypes in the skin including an increase in DNA double-strand breaks<sup id="cite_ref-pmid22278880_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid22278880-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (see <a href="/wiki/DNA_damage_theory_of_aging" title="DNA damage theory of aging">DNA damage theory of aging</a>). Loss of epidermal SOD2 in mice induced cellular <a href="/wiki/Senescence" title="Senescence">senescence</a>, which irreversibly arrested proliferation of a fraction of keratinocytes.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid26240345_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid26240345-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In older mice SOD2 deficiency delayed wound closure and reduced epidermal thickness. </p><p>Mutant mice with a <a href="/wiki/Connective_tissue" title="Connective tissue">connective tissue</a> specific lack of SOD2 had a reduced lifespan and a premature onset of aging-related phenotypes such as weight loss, skin atrophy, <a href="/wiki/Kyphosis" title="Kyphosis">kyphosis</a> (curvature of the spine), <a href="/wiki/Osteoporosis" title="Osteoporosis">osteoporosis</a>, and muscle degeneration.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid21108731_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid21108731-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>SOD2 over-expression was found to extend lifespan in mice.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid17129739_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17129739-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interactions">Interactions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SOD2&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Interactions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>SOD2</i> gene has been shown to bind: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sp1_transcription_factor" class="mw-redirect" title="Sp1 transcription factor">Sp1</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-pmid25224035_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid25224035-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NF-%CE%BAB" title="NF-κB">NF-κB</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-pmid25224035_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid25224035-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP-1_(transcription_factor)" class="mw-redirect" title="AP-1 (transcription factor)">AP-1</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-pmid25224035_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid25224035-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Activating_protein_2" title="Activating protein 2">AP-2</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-pmid25224035_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid25224035-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egr-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Egr-1">Egr-1</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-pmid25224035_6-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid25224035-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CREB" title="CREB">CREB</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-pmid25224035_6-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid25224035-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P53" title="P53">p53</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-pmid25224035_6-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid25224035-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFE2L2" title="NFE2L2">NFE2L2</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid25224035_6-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid25224035-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div> <p>The SOD2 protein has been shown to interact with HIV-1 Tat and HIV-1 Vif.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SOD2&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 33em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://May2017.archive.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Gene/Summary?db=core;g=ENSG00000112096">GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000112096</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ensembl_genome_database_project" title="Ensembl genome database project">Ensembl</a>, May 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://May2017.archive.ensembl.org/Mus_musculus/Gene/Summary?db=core;g=ENSMUSG00000006818">GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000006818</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ensembl_genome_database_project" title="Ensembl genome database project">Ensembl</a>, May 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output 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</ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SOD2&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 33em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZelkoMarianiFolz2002" class="citation journal cs1">Zelko IN, Mariani TJ, Folz RJ (Aug 2002). 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Free+Radical+Biology+%26+Medicine&rft.atitle=Superoxide+dismutase+multigene+family%3A+a+comparison+of+the+CuZn-SOD+%28SOD1%29%2C+Mn-SOD+%28SOD2%29%2C+and+EC-SOD+%28SOD3%29+gene+structures%2C+evolution%2C+and+expression&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=337-49&rft.date=2002-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0891-5849%2802%2900905-X&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12126755&rft.aulast=Zelko&rft.aufirst=IN&rft.au=Mariani%2C+TJ&rft.au=Folz%2C+RJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASOD2" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFaraciDidion2004" class="citation journal cs1">Faraci FM, Didion SP (Aug 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1161%2F01.ATV.0000133604.20182.cf">"Vascular protection: superoxide dismutase isoforms in the vessel wall"</a>. <i>Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology</i>. <b>24</b> (8): 1367–73. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1161%2F01.ATV.0000133604.20182.cf">10.1161/01.ATV.0000133604.20182.cf</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15166009">15166009</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arteriosclerosis%2C+Thrombosis%2C+and+Vascular+Biology&rft.atitle=Vascular+protection%3A+superoxide+dismutase+isoforms+in+the+vessel+wall&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=1367-73&rft.date=2004-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1161%2F01.ATV.0000133604.20182.cf&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15166009&rft.aulast=Faraci&rft.aufirst=FM&rft.au=Didion%2C+SP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1161%252F01.ATV.0000133604.20182.cf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASOD2" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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Superoxide Dismutase"><img alt="1szx: Role Of Hydrogen Bonding In The Active Site Of Human Manganese Superoxide Dismutase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/PDB_1szx_EBI.jpg/180px-PDB_1szx_EBI.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/PDB_1szx_EBI.jpg/270px-PDB_1szx_EBI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/PDB_1szx_EBI.jpg/360px-PDB_1szx_EBI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>1szx</b>: Role Of Hydrogen Bonding In The Active Site Of Human Manganese Superoxide Dismutase</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_1var_EBI.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1var: MITOCHONDRIAL MANGANESE SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE VARIANT WITH ILE 58 REPLACED BY THR"><img alt="1var: 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Dismutase containing 3-Fluorotyrosine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/PDB_1xdc_EBI.jpg/180px-PDB_1xdc_EBI.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/PDB_1xdc_EBI.jpg/270px-PDB_1xdc_EBI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/PDB_1xdc_EBI.jpg/360px-PDB_1xdc_EBI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>1xdc</b>: Hydrogen Bonding in Human Manganese Superoxide Dismutase containing 3-Fluorotyrosine</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_1xil_EBI.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1xil: HYDROGEN BONDING IN HUMAN MANGANESE SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE CONTAINING 3-FLUOROTYROSINE"><img alt="1xil: HYDROGEN BONDING IN HUMAN MANGANESE SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE CONTAINING 3-FLUOROTYROSINE" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/PDB_1xil_EBI.jpg/180px-PDB_1xil_EBI.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/PDB_1xil_EBI.jpg/270px-PDB_1xil_EBI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/PDB_1xil_EBI.jpg/360px-PDB_1xil_EBI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>1xil</b>: HYDROGEN BONDING IN HUMAN MANGANESE SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE CONTAINING 3-FLUOROTYROSINE</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_1zsp_EBI.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1zsp: Contribution to Structure and Catalysis of Tyrosine 34 in Human Manganese Superoxide Dismutase"><img alt="1zsp: Contribution to Structure and Catalysis of Tyrosine 34 in Human Manganese Superoxide Dismutase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/PDB_1zsp_EBI.jpg/180px-PDB_1zsp_EBI.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/PDB_1zsp_EBI.jpg/270px-PDB_1zsp_EBI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/PDB_1zsp_EBI.jpg/360px-PDB_1zsp_EBI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>1zsp</b>: Contribution to Structure and Catalysis of Tyrosine 34 in Human Manganese Superoxide Dismutase</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_1zte_EBI.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1zte: Contribution to Structure and Catalysis of Tyrosine 34 in Human Manganese Suerpoxide Dismutase"><img alt="1zte: Contribution to Structure and Catalysis of Tyrosine 34 in Human Manganese Suerpoxide Dismutase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/PDB_1zte_EBI.jpg/180px-PDB_1zte_EBI.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/PDB_1zte_EBI.jpg/270px-PDB_1zte_EBI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/PDB_1zte_EBI.jpg/360px-PDB_1zte_EBI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>1zte</b>: Contribution to Structure and Catalysis of Tyrosine 34 in Human Manganese Suerpoxide Dismutase</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_1zuq_EBI.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1zuq: Contribution to Structure and Catalysis of Tyrosine 34 in Human Manganese Superoxide Dismutase"><img alt="1zuq: Contribution to Structure and Catalysis of Tyrosine 34 in Human Manganese Superoxide Dismutase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/PDB_1zuq_EBI.jpg/180px-PDB_1zuq_EBI.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/PDB_1zuq_EBI.jpg/270px-PDB_1zuq_EBI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/PDB_1zuq_EBI.jpg/360px-PDB_1zuq_EBI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>1zuq</b>: Contribution to Structure and Catalysis of Tyrosine 34 in Human Manganese Superoxide Dismutase</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_2adp_EBI.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="2adp: Nitrated Human Manganese Superoxide Dismutase"><img alt="2adp: Nitrated Human Manganese Superoxide Dismutase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/PDB_2adp_EBI.jpg/180px-PDB_2adp_EBI.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/PDB_2adp_EBI.jpg/270px-PDB_2adp_EBI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/PDB_2adp_EBI.jpg/360px-PDB_2adp_EBI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>2adp</b>: Nitrated Human Manganese Superoxide Dismutase</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_2adq_EBI.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="2adq: Human Manganese Superoxide Dismutase"><img alt="2adq: Human Manganese Superoxide Dismutase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/PDB_2adq_EBI.jpg/180px-PDB_2adq_EBI.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/PDB_2adq_EBI.jpg/270px-PDB_2adq_EBI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/PDB_2adq_EBI.jpg/360px-PDB_2adq_EBI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>2adq</b>: Human Manganese Superoxide Dismutase</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_2gds_EBI.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="2gds: Interrupting the Hydrogen Bonding Network at the Active Site of Human Manganese Superoxide Dismutase"><img alt="2gds: Interrupting the Hydrogen Bonding Network at the Active Site of Human Manganese Superoxide Dismutase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/PDB_2gds_EBI.jpg/180px-PDB_2gds_EBI.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/PDB_2gds_EBI.jpg/270px-PDB_2gds_EBI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/PDB_2gds_EBI.jpg/360px-PDB_2gds_EBI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>2gds</b>: Interrupting the Hydrogen Bonding Network at the Active Site of Human Manganese Superoxide Dismutase</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_2p4k_EBI.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="2p4k: Contribution to Structure and Catalysis of Tyrosine 34 in Human Manganese Superoxide Dismutase"><img alt="2p4k: Contribution to Structure and Catalysis of Tyrosine 34 in Human Manganese Superoxide Dismutase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/PDB_2p4k_EBI.jpg/180px-PDB_2p4k_EBI.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/PDB_2p4k_EBI.jpg/270px-PDB_2p4k_EBI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/PDB_2p4k_EBI.jpg/360px-PDB_2p4k_EBI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>2p4k</b>: Contribution to Structure and Catalysis of Tyrosine 34 in Human Manganese Superoxide Dismutase</div> </li> </ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Other_oxidoreductases_(EC_1.15–1.21)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Other_oxidoreductases" title="Template:Other oxidoreductases"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Other_oxidoreductases" title="Template talk:Other oxidoreductases"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Other_oxidoreductases" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Other oxidoreductases"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Other_oxidoreductases_(EC_1.15–1.21)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other <a href="/wiki/Oxidoreductase" title="Oxidoreductase">oxidoreductases</a> (<a href="/wiki/Enzyme_Commission_number" title="Enzyme Commission number">EC</a> 1.15–1.21)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_1)#EC_1.15_Acting_on_superoxide_as_acceptor" title="List of EC numbers (EC 1)">1.15</a>: Acting on <a href="/wiki/Superoxide" title="Superoxide">superoxide</a> as acceptor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Superoxide_dismutase" title="Superoxide dismutase">Superoxide dismutase</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SOD1" title="SOD1">SOD1</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">SOD2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOD3" title="SOD3">SOD3</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_1)#EC_1.16_Oxidizing_metal_ions" title="List of EC numbers (EC 1)">1.16</a>: Oxidizing <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metal</a> ions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ceruloplasmin" title="Ceruloplasmin">Ceruloplasmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(Methionine_synthase)_reductase" title="(Methionine synthase) reductase">(Methionine synthase) reductase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_1)#EC_1.17_Acting_on_CH_or_CH2_groups" title="List of EC numbers (EC 1)">1.17</a>: Acting on CH or CH2 groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xanthine_oxidase" title="Xanthine oxidase">Xanthine oxidase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribonucleotide_reductase" title="Ribonucleotide reductase">Ribonucleotide reductase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl_diphosphate_reductase" title="4-Hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase">4-Hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7-Hydroxymethyl_chlorophyll_a_reductase" title="7-Hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a reductase">7-Hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a reductase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_1)#EC_1.18_Acting_on_iron–sulfur_proteins_as_donors" title="List of EC numbers (EC 1)">1.18</a>: Acting on <a href="/wiki/Iron%E2%80%93sulfur_protein" title="Iron–sulfur protein">iron–sulfur proteins</a> as donors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nitrogenase" title="Nitrogenase">Nitrogenase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_1)#EC_1.19_Acting_on_reduced_flavodoxin_as_donor" title="List of EC numbers (EC 1)">1.19</a>: Acting on reduced <a href="/wiki/Flavodoxin" title="Flavodoxin">flavodoxin</a> as donor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nitrogenase_(flavodoxin)" title="Nitrogenase (flavodoxin)">Nitrogenase (flavodoxin)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_1)#EC_1.20_Acting_on_phosphorus_or_arsenic_in_donors" title="List of EC numbers (EC 1)">1.20</a>: Acting on <a href="/wiki/Phosphorus" title="Phosphorus">phosphorus</a> or <a href="/wiki/Arsenic" title="Arsenic">arsenic</a> in donors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glutaredoxin" title="Glutaredoxin">Glutaredoxin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GLRX" title="GLRX">GLRX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GLRX2" title="GLRX2">GLRX2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GLRX3" title="GLRX3">GLRX3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GLRX5" title="GLRX5">GLRX5</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_1)#EC_1.21_Acting_on_X-H_and_Y-H_to_form_an_X-Y_bond" title="List of EC numbers (EC 1)">1.21</a>: Acting on X-H and Y-H to form an X-Y bond</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isopenicillin_N_synthase" title="Isopenicillin N synthase">Isopenicillin N synthase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbamine_oxidase" title="Columbamine oxidase">Columbamine oxidase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reticuline_oxidase" title="Reticuline oxidase">Reticuline oxidase</a></li> <li>Sulochrin oxidase <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sulochrin_oxidase_((%2B)-bisdechlorogeodin-forming)" title="Sulochrin oxidase ((+)-bisdechlorogeodin-forming)">(+)-bisdechlorogeodin-forming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulochrin_oxidase_((-)-bisdechlorogeodin-forming)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulochrin oxidase ((-)-bisdechlorogeodin-forming)">(-)-bisdechlorogeodin-forming</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aureusidin_synthase" title="Aureusidin synthase">Aureusidin synthase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabinolic_acid_synthase" title="Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase">Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabidiolic_acid_synthase" title="Cannabidiolic acid synthase">Cannabidiolic acid synthase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dichlorochromopyrrolate_synthase" title="Dichlorochromopyrrolate synthase">Dichlorochromopyrrolate synthase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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