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subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Financial_institutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Big_four_banks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Big_four_banks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Big four banks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Big_four_banks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mutual_banking_in_Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mutual_banking_in_Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Mutual banking in Australia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mutual_banking_in_Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_retail_banks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_retail_banks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Other retail banks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_retail_banks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_banks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_banks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Foreign banks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_banks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regulation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regulation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Regulation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regulation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interbank_lending_market" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interbank_lending_market"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Interbank lending market</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interbank_lending_market-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_cooperation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_cooperation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>International cooperation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_cooperation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> 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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" 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.ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Banking_in_Australia" title="Special:EditPage/Banking in Australia">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Banking+in+Australia%22">"Banking in Australia"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Banking+in+Australia%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Banking+in+Australia%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Banking+in+Australia%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Banking+in+Australia%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Banking+in+Australia%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2007</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Overview of banking in Australia</div> <p><b>Banking in <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></b> is dominated by four major <a href="/wiki/Bank" title="Bank">banks</a>: <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Bank" title="Commonwealth Bank">Commonwealth Bank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Westpac" title="Westpac">Westpac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia_%26_New_Zealand_Banking_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Australia & New Zealand Banking Group">Australia & New Zealand Banking Group</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Australia_Bank" title="National Australia Bank">National Australia Bank</a>. There are several smaller banks with a presence throughout the country which includes <a href="/wiki/Bendigo_and_Adelaide_Bank" title="Bendigo and Adelaide Bank">Bendigo and Adelaide Bank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suncorp_Bank" title="Suncorp Bank">Suncorp Bank</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a large number of other <a href="/wiki/Financial_institution" title="Financial institution">financial institutions</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Credit_union" title="Credit union">credit unions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Building_society" title="Building society">building societies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mutual_savings_bank" title="Mutual savings bank">mutual banks</a>, which provide limited banking-type services and are described as <a href="/wiki/Authorised_deposit-taking_institution" title="Authorised deposit-taking institution">authorised deposit-taking institutions</a> (ADIs). Many large foreign banks have a presence, but few have a <a href="/wiki/Retail_banking" title="Retail banking">retail banking</a> presence. The <a href="/wiki/Central_bank" title="Central bank">central bank</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_Australia" title="Reserve Bank of Australia">Reserve Bank of Australia</a> (RBA). The Australian government’s <a href="/wiki/Deposit_insurance#Australia" title="Deposit insurance">Financial Claims Scheme</a> guarantees deposits up to $250,000 per account-holder per ADI in the event of the ADI failing.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Banks require a <a href="/wiki/Banking_license" title="Banking license">bank licence</a> under the <i>Banking Act 1959</i>. Foreign banks require a licence to operate through a branch in Australia, as do Australian-incorporated foreign bank subsidiaries. Complying <a href="/wiki/Charitable_investment_fundraiser" title="Charitable investment fundraiser">religious charitable development funds</a> are exempt from the banking licence requirement.<sup id="cite_ref-exempt2017_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-exempt2017-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Australia has a sophisticated, competitive and profitable financial sector and a strong regulatory system.<sup id="cite_ref-fintech_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fintech-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the 10 years ended mid-2013, the Commonwealth Bank was ranked first in Bloomberg Riskless Return Ranking a risk-adjusted 18%. Westpac Bank was in fourth place with 11% and ANZ Bank was in seventh place with 8.7%.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The four major banks are among the world's largest banks by market capitalisation and all rank in the top 25 globally for safest banks. They are also some of the most profitable in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-fintech_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fintech-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Australia's financial services sector is the largest contributor to the national economy, contributing around $140 billion to GDP a year. It is a major driver of economic growth and employs 450,000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-fintech_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fintech-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Financial_institutions">Financial institutions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banking_in_Australia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Financial institutions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Deregulation of the financial sector commenced in the mid-1960s, with the removal of the distinction between and separation of trading and savings banks. Building societies were allowed to take deposits from the public. Banking in Australia is notable by the small number of large banks in the market. Much of this concentration is the result of bank acquisitions. <a href="/wiki/English,_Scottish_and_Australian_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="English, Scottish and Australian Bank">English, Scottish and Australian Bank</a> was acquired by the <a href="/wiki/ANZ_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="ANZ Bank">ANZ Bank</a> in 1970. In 1982, the <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_New_South_Wales" title="Bank of New South Wales">Bank of New South Wales</a> merged with the <a href="/wiki/Commercial_Bank_of_Australia" title="Commercial Bank of Australia">Commercial Bank of Australia</a> to form Westpac. There were many other bank mergers and acquisitions throughout Australia's banking history. Beginning in the 1980s, several building societies sought to convert to banks, but were required to <a href="/wiki/Demutualization" title="Demutualization">demutualise</a> before they were permitted to do so. This included NSW Building Society, which became <a href="/wiki/Advance_Bank" title="Advance Bank">Advance Bank</a>, <a href="/wiki/St_George_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="St George Bank">St George</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suncorp" class="mw-redirect" title="Suncorp">Suncorp</a>, Metway Bank, <a href="/wiki/Challenge_Bank" title="Challenge Bank">Challenge Bank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Melbourne_(1989)" title="Bank of Melbourne (1989)">Bank of Melbourne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bendigo_%26_Adelaide_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Bendigo & Adelaide Bank">Bendigo Bank</a>. A change in regulations allowed building societies and credit unions to become banks without having to demutualise, and several including <a href="/wiki/Heritage_Bank" title="Heritage Bank">Heritage Bank</a> have converted since 2011 while retaining their status and structure as mutual organisations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Big_four_banks">Big four banks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banking_in_Australia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Big four banks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Four_pillars_policy" title="Four pillars policy">Four pillars policy</a></div> <p>In 1990, the government adopted a "<a href="/wiki/Four_pillars_policy" title="Four pillars policy">four pillars policy</a>" in relation to banking in Australia and announced that it would reject any mergers between the <a href="/wiki/Big_Four_(banking)" title="Big Four (banking)">big four banks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FourPillars_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FourPillars-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is long-standing policy rather than formal regulation, but it reflects the broad political unpopularity of further bank mergers. A number of commentators have argued that the "four pillars policy" is built upon economic fallacies and works against Australia's better interests.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The four pillars policy does not prevent the four major banks from acquiring smaller competitors. In 2000, CBA acquired the <a href="/wiki/Colonial_First_State" title="Colonial First State">Colonial Group</a>, which had emerged as a major bank–insurance combine in the 1990s, after the Colonial Mutual insurance group took over <a href="/wiki/State_Bank_of_New_South_Wales" title="State Bank of New South Wales">State Bank of New South Wales</a> in 1994. The Commonwealth Bank also acquired the <a href="/wiki/State_Bank_of_Victoria" title="State Bank of Victoria">State Bank of Victoria</a> in 1990 and <a href="/wiki/Bankwest" title="Bankwest">Bankwest</a> in 2008. Westpac acquired Challenge Bank in 1995, Bank of Melbourne in 1997, and St George Bank in 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-maiden_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maiden-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Currently, banking in Australia is dominated by four major banks: Commonwealth Bank, Westpac, ANZ Bank and the National Australia Bank. The top four banking groups in Australia ranked by <a href="/wiki/Market_capitalization" title="Market capitalization">market capitalisation</a> at share price 1 December 2017: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="background:#d1e4fd;"> <th>Rank</th> <th>Company</th> <th>Market capitalisation <br />(2017)</th> <th>Cash earnings <br />(2015)</th> <th>Total assets<br />(2016) </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Bank" title="Commonwealth Bank">Commonwealth Bank</a> (CBA)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Australian_dollar" title="Australian dollar">A$</a>139.219 billion<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>A$9.14 billion<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>A$933.078 billion<sup id="cite_ref-advisoryhq_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-advisoryhq-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Westpac" title="Westpac">Westpac</a> (Westpac)</td> <td>A$106.821 billion<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>A$7.82 billion<sup id="cite_ref-:2_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>A$839.202 billion<sup id="cite_ref-advisoryhq_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-advisoryhq-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Australia_%26_New_Zealand_Banking_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Australia & New Zealand Banking Group">Australia & New Zealand Banking Group</a> (ANZ)</td> <td>A$83.599 billion<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>A$7.22 billion<sup id="cite_ref-:4_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>A$914.900 billion<sup id="cite_ref-advisoryhq_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-advisoryhq-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Australia_Bank" title="National Australia Bank">National Australia Bank</a> (NAB)</td> <td>A$79.465 billion<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>A$5.84 billion<sup id="cite_ref-:3_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>A$777.622 billion<sup id="cite_ref-advisoryhq_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-advisoryhq-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mutual_banking_in_Australia">Mutual banking in Australia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banking_in_Australia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Mutual banking in Australia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Customer_Owned_Banking_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Customer Owned Banking Association (page does not exist)">Customer Owned Banking Association</a> (formerly known as Abacus Australian Mutuals) is the industry body representing the more than 100 credit unions, building societies and mutual banks that constitute the <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australian</a> <a href="/wiki/Mutual_organization" title="Mutual organization">mutual</a> or <a href="/wiki/Cooperative" title="Cooperative">cooperative</a> banking sector.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Collectively, Australian customer-owned banks service 4.6 million customers or 'members' (as they are mutual shareholders in the institutions), with total assets of over <a href="/wiki/A$" class="mw-redirect" title="A$">A$</a>138 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ten largest customer-owned banks in Australia are:<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="background:#d1e4fd;"> <th>Rank</th> <th>Institution</th> <th>Total assets </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><a href="/wiki/CUA_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="CUA (company)">Great Southern Bank</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/A$" class="mw-redirect" title="A$">A$</a>19.5 billion </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_Permanent_Building_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Newcastle Permanent Building Society">Newcastle Permanent</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/A$" class="mw-redirect" title="A$">A$</a>11.1 billion </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Heritage_Bank" title="Heritage Bank">Heritage Bank</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/A$" class="mw-redirect" title="A$">A$</a>10.7 billion </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Choice_Credit_Union" title="People's Choice Credit Union">People's Choice Credit Union</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/A$" class="mw-redirect" title="A$">A$</a>9.5 billion </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Teachers_Mutual_Bank" title="Teachers Mutual Bank">Teachers Mutual Bank</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/A$" class="mw-redirect" title="A$">A$</a>8.1 billion </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Greater_Bank" title="Greater Bank">Greater Bank</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/A$" class="mw-redirect" title="A$">A$</a>7.5 billion </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bank_Australia" title="Bank Australia">Bank Australia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/A$" class="mw-redirect" title="A$">A$</a>7.2 billion </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beyond_Bank_Australia" title="Beyond Bank Australia">Beyond Bank Australia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/A$" class="mw-redirect" title="A$">A$</a>7.1 billion </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td><a href="/wiki/IMB_Bank" title="IMB Bank">IMB Bank</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/A$" class="mw-redirect" title="A$">A$</a>6.7 billion </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td><a href="/wiki/P%26N_Bank" title="P&N Bank">P&N Bank</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/A$" class="mw-redirect" title="A$">A$</a>6.2 billion </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Great Southern Bank is Australia's largest customer owned bank having achieved this status with the rebranding from Credit Union Australia on 1 June 2021. Previously <a href="/wiki/Heritage_Bank" title="Heritage Bank">Heritage Bank</a> was Australia's largest customer-owned bank, having changed its name from Heritage Building Society in December 2011. A number of credit unions and building societies changed their business names to include the word 'bank', to overcome adverse perceptions of smaller deposit-taking entities. For example, in September 2011 <a href="/wiki/Bank_Australia" title="Bank Australia">Bank Australia</a> (formerly Bankmecu) was announced as Australia's first customer-owned bank.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Three teachers' credit unions have become known as 'banks'; namely, RACQ Bank (formerly the Queensland Teachers' Credit Union), Bank First (formerly the Victoria Teachers' Credit Union), and <a href="/wiki/Teachers_Mutual_Bank" title="Teachers Mutual Bank">Teachers Mutual Bank</a> (formerly Teachers Credit Union).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Police & Nurses' Credit Union began trading as P&N Bank in March 2013, and some credit unions are electing to use 'mutual banking' as a business tagline, rather than as a business name, as they do not meet the criteria to be called a 'bank'.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Top 10 Total Assets (2019-2023)</b> Heritage & People's Choice (following the merger of People's Choice Credit Union and Heritage Bank) Newcastle Greater Mutual Group (following the merger of Newcastle Permanent and Greater Bank) Great Southern Bank (previous CUA, Credit Union Australia) Teachers Mutual Bank Bank Australia P&N Bank IMB Bank Quodos Bank Bank First <sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_retail_banks">Other retail banks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banking_in_Australia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Other retail banks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are other retail banks in Australia. These are smaller and often <a href="/wiki/Regional_bank" title="Regional bank">regional banks</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Bendigo_%26_Adelaide_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Bendigo & Adelaide Bank">Bendigo & Adelaide Bank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suncorp_Bank" title="Suncorp Bank">Suncorp Bank</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Queensland" title="Bank of Queensland">Bank of Queensland</a> (including its retail arms ME Bank & Virgin Money. Other banks, such as <a href="/wiki/Bankwest" title="Bankwest">Bankwest</a>, <a href="/wiki/St_George_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="St George Bank">St George Bank</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Melbourne_(2011)" title="Bank of Melbourne (2011)">Bank of Melbourne</a>, are subsidiaries or alternate trading names of the big four banks. Bankwest (CBA), Bank of Melbourne, St George and BankSA are all trading names of Westpac. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_banks">Foreign banks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banking_in_Australia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Foreign banks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Foreign banks wishing to carry on a banking business in Australia must obtain a banking authority issued by APRA under the <i>Banking Act</i>, either to operate as a wholesale bank through an Australian branch or to conduct business through an Australian-incorporated subsidiary. Foreign banks engaging in retail banking require a full banking licence. Foreign banks which do not wish to obtain a banking authority in Australia may operate a <a href="/wiki/Representative_office" title="Representative office">representative office</a> in Australia for liaison purposes, but the activities of that office will be restricted. </p><p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Investment_Review_Board" title="Foreign Investment Review Board">Foreign Investment Review Board</a>, foreign investment in the Australian banking sector needs to be consistent with the <i>Banking Act</i>, the <i>Financial Sector (Shareholdings) Act 1998</i> and banking policy, including prudential requirements. Any proposed foreign takeover or acquisition of an Australian bank will be considered on a case-by-case basis and judged on its merits. </p><p>There are a number of foreign subsidiary banks, however only a few have a retail banking presence; <a href="/wiki/ING_Bank_(Australia)_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="ING Bank (Australia) Limited">ING Bank (Australia) Limited</a> (trading as <a href="/wiki/ING" class="mw-redirect" title="ING">ING</a>), <a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_Australia" title="HSBC Bank Australia">HSBC Bank Australia</a> (a subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/HSBC" title="HSBC">HSBC</a>), Delphi Bank (formerly the 'Bank of Cyprus Australia', and in 2012 acquired by Bendigo & Adelaide Bank), Bank of Sydney (with a full banking licence since 2001) have a small number of branches.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Foreign banks have a more significant presence in the Australian merchant banking sector. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regulation">Regulation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banking_in_Australia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Regulation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Financial_regulation_in_Australia" title="Financial regulation in Australia">Financial regulation in Australia</a></div> <p>Formally, there is extensive and detailed regulation of Australia's banking system, split mainly between the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Prudential_Regulation_Authority" title="Australian Prudential Regulation Authority">Australian Prudential Regulation Authority</a> (APRA) and <a href="/wiki/Australian_Securities_%26_Investments_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Securities & Investments Commission">Australian Securities & Investments Commission</a> (ASIC). The <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_Australia" title="Reserve Bank of Australia">Reserve Bank of Australia</a> also has an important involvement. However, in practice, banks in Australia are self-regulated through external dispute resolution (EDR) schemes, the most prominent of which is the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Financial_Complaints_Authority" title="Australian Financial Complaints Authority">Australian Financial Complaints Authority</a> (AFCA). </p><p>APRA is responsible for the licensing and prudential supervision of <a href="/wiki/Authorised_deposit-taking_institution" title="Authorised deposit-taking institution">authorised deposit-taking institutions</a> (ADIs) (banks, building societies, credit unions, friendly societies and participants in certain credit card schemes and certain purchaser payment facilities), as well as life and general insurance companies and superannuation funds. APRA issues <a href="/wiki/Capital_requirement" title="Capital requirement">capital adequacy</a> guidelines for banks which are consistent with the <a href="/wiki/Basel_II" title="Basel II">Basel II</a> guidelines. All financial institutions regulated by APRA are required to report on a periodic basis to APRA. Certain financial intermediaries, such as investment banks (which do not otherwise operate as ADIs) are neither licensed nor regulated under the <i>Banking Act</i> and are not subject to the prudential supervision of APRA. They may be required to obtain licences under the <i>Corporations Act</i> 2001 or other Commonwealth or State legislation, depending on the nature of their business activities in Australia. </p><p>ASIC has responsibility for <a href="/w/index.php?title=Market_integrity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Market integrity (page does not exist)">market integrity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Consumer_protection" title="Consumer protection">consumer protection</a> and the regulation of certain financial institutions (including investment banks and finance companies). However, ASIC does not actually investigate any issues or propose any regulations that concern consumer protection, this authority is delegated to the EDR schemes and the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Competition_%26_Consumer_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Competition & Consumer Commission">Australian Competition & Consumer Commission</a> (ACCC). The front face of the regulation of financial institutions and financial advisers are the various EDR schemes, the most popular of which is AFCA. ASIC is responsible for the approval of EDR schemes, all of which must comply with ASIC Regulatory Guide 139.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Banks are also subject to obligations under the <i>Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorism Financing Act 2006</i> as "reporting entities". They are required to identify and monitor customers using a risk-based approach, develop and maintain a compliance program, and report to <a href="/wiki/Australian_Transaction_Reports_and_Analysis_Centre" title="Australian Transaction Reports and Analysis Centre">Australian Transaction Reports and Analysis Centre</a> certain cash transactions as well as suspicious matters and file annual compliance reports. </p><p>There have been calls in recent times for an added level of regulation of banks following lending, foreign exchange, and financial planning controversies between 2009 and 2017, highlighted in 2016 Senate inquiries.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Referring to white collar crime, ASIC's Chairman <a href="/w/index.php?title=Greg_Medcraft&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greg Medcraft (page does not exist)">Greg Medcraft</a> said 'This is a bit of paradise, Australia, for white collar [crime]'.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 2017 the Australian Government established the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Commission_into_Misconduct_in_the_Banking,_Superannuation_and_Financial_Services_Industry" title="Royal Commission into Misconduct in the Banking, Superannuation and Financial Services Industry">Royal Commission into Misconduct in the Banking, Superannuation and Financial Services Industry</a> to inquire into and report on misconduct in the banking, superannuation and financial services industry.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The interim report<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from the Royal Commission prompted the industry to revamp its banking code. The code has been criticised<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as needing to be legally binding, strictly liable and breaches criminal.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interbank_lending_market">Interbank lending market</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banking_in_Australia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Interbank lending market"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Interbank_lending_market" title="Interbank lending market">Interbank lending market</a></div> <p>During the course of every day, each bank executes a large number of transactions, such as payroll, retail and business purchases, credit card payments, etc. Some involve cash (or its equivalent) coming into the bank and others of cash going out. Banks do not have a reliable way of predicting what or how much those transactions will be. At the end of each day banks must reconcile their positions. The bank that finds itself with a surplus of cash would miss out earning interest on the cash, even if it's for only one night. Other banks may find that they had more money going out than coming in, and the bank must borrow cash to cover the shortfall. To meet its liquidity obligations, the bank with the shortfall would borrow from a bank with a surplus in the <a href="/wiki/Interbank_lending_market" title="Interbank lending market">interbank lending market</a>. Depending on the bank's assessment of the type of shortfall and costs, the bank may take out an overnight loan, the interest rate of which is based on the <a href="/wiki/Cash_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Cash rate">cash rate</a>, which is set by the <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_Australia" title="Reserve Bank of Australia">Reserve Bank</a> (RBA) every month (currently 0.10%);<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or else take out a "short duration loan", known as "prime bank paper", for a term of between one and six months and whose interest rate is called the "bank bill swap rate" (BBSW), which is set by the commercial banks. </p><p>Until July 2017 a body called the Australian Financial Markets Association (AFMA) determined the BBSW rate. Since July 2017 the ASX calculates the rate.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Until 2013, AFMA would every morning at 10am ask each of the "prime banks" what interest rates they will be offering or asking for that day. AFMA would then calculate the BBSW rate as the average of those quotes. Normally, the longer the term, the higher the offered rate. The system required some level of subjective judgement by the banks, because there was a rapidly changing market on multiple broker screens. AFMA changed the method of calculating the BBSW rate to be based on a multimarket electronic feed of live bids and offers. ASX would later add the use of market transactions in addition to these live bids and offers. Besides affecting the BBSW rate, many other financial rates are based on it.<sup id="cite_ref-tnd120416_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tnd120416-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Australian_Securities_%26_Investments_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Securities & Investments Commission">Australian Securities & Investments Commission</a> (ASIC) monitors the BBSW system. </p><p>There arises from time to time a situation when there are insufficient funds in the interbank lending market to enable the banks to balance their books. Some banks, for example, may be experiencing a <a href="/wiki/Bank_run" title="Bank run">bank run</a> or may be withholding funds from the market expecting a heightened demand in the near future. The Reserve Bank's role includes ensuring liquidity in the banking system, including acting as <a href="/wiki/Lender_of_last_resort" title="Lender of last resort">lender of last resort</a> in times of a liquidity crisis.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_cooperation">International cooperation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banking_in_Australia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: International cooperation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The United States has enacted the <i><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Account_Tax_Compliance_Act" title="Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act">Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act</a>. </i> (FATCA) which came into effect on 1 July 2014, which aims to prevent tax evasion by US tax residents who hold foreign accounts by requiring foreign financial institutions to report details and interest income to the <a href="/wiki/US_Internal_Revenue_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="US Internal Revenue Service">US Internal Revenue Service</a> (IRS). Australia has signed an Intergovernmental Agreement (IGA) with the United States which sets out rules to enable Australian financial institutions to report to the Australian Taxation Office (ATO) which in turn passes the information to the IRS. FATCA affects US citizens, US tax residents and certain types of organisations that are controlled by them. To comply with FATCA, Australian banks ask customers to declare their US tax status.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banking_in_Australia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banking_in_Australia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oriental_Bank_in_Melbourne,_Australia_(1870s).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Oriental_Bank_in_Melbourne%2C_Australia_%281870s%29.jpg/300px-Oriental_Bank_in_Melbourne%2C_Australia_%281870s%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Oriental_Bank_in_Melbourne%2C_Australia_%281870s%29.jpg/450px-Oriental_Bank_in_Melbourne%2C_Australia_%281870s%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Oriental_Bank_in_Melbourne%2C_Australia_%281870s%29.jpg/600px-Oriental_Bank_in_Melbourne%2C_Australia_%281870s%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1610" data-file-height="946" /></a><figcaption>The Oriental Bank, one of Australia's earliest bank buildings, located in <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>, circa 1870s. The bank went out of business in around 1884 and was demolished shortly afterwards.</figcaption></figure> <p>Between white settlement in <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a> in 1788 and 1817, there were no banks nor much currency in the colony. The first bank in Australia was the <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_New_South_Wales" title="Bank of New South Wales">Bank of New South Wales</a>, established in Sydney in 1817.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the 19th and early 20th century, the Bank of New South Wales opened branches throughout Australia and Oceania: at <a href="/wiki/Moreton_Bay" title="Moreton Bay">Moreton Bay</a> (<a href="/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane">Brisbane</a>) (in 1850), then in <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria (Australia)">Victoria</a> (1851), <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> (1861), <a href="/wiki/South_Australia" title="South Australia">South Australia</a> (1877), <a href="/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia">Western Australia</a> (1883), <a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a> (1901), Papua (now part of <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a>) (1910) and <a href="/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania">Tasmania</a> (1910). It was by far the most dominant bank throughout Australia until into the 1960s. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Commercial_Banking_Company_of_Sydney" title="Commercial Banking Company of Sydney">Commercial Banking Company of Sydney</a> was established in 1834, and the <a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="National Bank of Australia">National Bank of Australasia</a> established in Melbourne in 1858, and set up branches in other Australian colonies: <a href="/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania">Tasmania</a> (in 1859), <a href="/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia">Western Australia</a> (1866), <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a> (1885) and <a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a> (1920), and a <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> branch (1864). After acquiring a number of other banks over the years, these two banks merged in 1982 to form the National Commercial Banking Corporation of Australia, which was renamed the <a href="/wiki/National_Australia_Bank" title="National Australia Bank">National Australia Bank</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Union_Bank_of_Australia,_Sydney.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Union_Bank_of_Australia%2C_Sydney.jpg/220px-Union_Bank_of_Australia%2C_Sydney.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="328" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Union_Bank_of_Australia%2C_Sydney.jpg/330px-Union_Bank_of_Australia%2C_Sydney.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Union_Bank_of_Australia%2C_Sydney.jpg/440px-Union_Bank_of_Australia%2C_Sydney.jpg 2x" data-file-width="705" data-file-height="1050" /></a><figcaption>Union Bank of Australia, Sydney, 1840s</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1835 a London-based bank called the Bank of Australasia was formed<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that would eventually become the <a href="/wiki/ANZ_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="ANZ Bank">ANZ Bank</a>. In 1951, it merged with the <a href="/wiki/Union_Bank_of_Australia" title="Union Bank of Australia">Union Bank of Australia</a>, another London-based bank, which had been formed in 1837. In 1970, it merged with the English, Scottish and Australian Bank Limited, another London-based bank, formed in 1852, in what was then the largest merger in Australian banking history, to form the Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited. </p><p>A speculative boom in the Australian property market in the 1880s led to the <a href="/wiki/Australian_banking_crisis_of_1893" title="Australian banking crisis of 1893">Australian banking crisis of 1893</a>. This was in an environment where little government control or regulation of banks had been established and led to the failure of 11 commercial banks, even the National Bank of Australasia. </p><p>Until 1910, banks could issue private bank notes, except in <a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a> which issued treasury notes (1866–1869) and banknotes (1893–1910)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPitt2013180_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPitt2013180-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which were legal tender in Queensland. Private bank notes were not legal tender except for a brief period in 1893 in New South Wales.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPitt2013180_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPitt2013180-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were, however, some restrictions on their issue or other provisions for the protection of the public. Queensland treasury notes were legal tender in that state. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="After_federation">After federation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banking_in_Australia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: After federation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Private bank notes and treasury notes continued in circulation until 1910, when the federal Parliament passed the <i>Australian Notes Act 1910</i> which prohibited the circulation of state notes as money and the <i><a href="/wiki/Bank_Notes_Tax_Act_1910" title="Bank Notes Tax Act 1910">Bank Notes Tax Act 1910</a></i> imposed a prohibitive tax of 10% per annum on 'all bank notes issued or re-issued by any bank in the Commonwealth ... and not redeemed'. These Acts put an end to the issue of notes by the trading banks and the Queensland Treasury. Also in 1910, the <a href="/wiki/Australian_pound" title="Australian pound">Australian pound</a> was first issued as the legal tender in Australia. Now, the <i>Reserve Bank Act 1959</i> expressly prohibits persons from issuing bills or notes payable to bearer on demand and intended for circulation.<sup id="cite_ref-ABS_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABS-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The federal government established the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Bank" title="Commonwealth Bank">Commonwealth Bank</a> in 1911, which by 1913 had branches in all six states. In 1912, it took over the <a href="/w/index.php?title=State_Savings_Bank_of_Tasmania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="State Savings Bank of Tasmania (page does not exist)">State Savings Bank of Tasmania</a> (est. 1902)<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and did the same in 1920 with the <a href="/wiki/Queensland_Government_Savings_Bank" title="Queensland Government Savings Bank">Queensland Government Savings Bank</a> (est. 1861). As with many other countries, the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a> of the 1930s brought a string of bank failures. In 1931, Commonwealth Bank took over two faltering state savings banks: the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_Savings_Bank_of_New_South_Wales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Government Savings Bank of New South Wales (page does not exist)">Government Savings Bank of New South Wales</a> (est. 1871) and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=State_Savings_Bank_of_Western_Australia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="State Savings Bank of Western Australia (page does not exist)">State Savings Bank of Western Australia</a> (est. 1863). In 1991, it also took over the failing <a href="/wiki/State_Bank_of_Victoria" title="State Bank of Victoria">State Bank of Victoria</a> (est. 1842). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SLNSW_31789_Nos_5_and_7_Sydney_Road_Manly_taken_for_LJ_Hooker_Ltd.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/SLNSW_31789_Nos_5_and_7_Sydney_Road_Manly_taken_for_LJ_Hooker_Ltd.jpg/220px-SLNSW_31789_Nos_5_and_7_Sydney_Road_Manly_taken_for_LJ_Hooker_Ltd.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/SLNSW_31789_Nos_5_and_7_Sydney_Road_Manly_taken_for_LJ_Hooker_Ltd.jpg/330px-SLNSW_31789_Nos_5_and_7_Sydney_Road_Manly_taken_for_LJ_Hooker_Ltd.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/SLNSW_31789_Nos_5_and_7_Sydney_Road_Manly_taken_for_LJ_Hooker_Ltd.jpg/440px-SLNSW_31789_Nos_5_and_7_Sydney_Road_Manly_taken_for_LJ_Hooker_Ltd.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1065" /></a><figcaption>Nos 5 and 7 Sydney Road Manly in 1951, taken by <a href="/wiki/Sam_Hood" title="Sam Hood">Sam Hood</a> for <a href="/wiki/LJ_Hooker" title="LJ Hooker">LJ Hooker</a>, <a href="/wiki/State_Library_of_New_South_Wales" title="State Library of New South Wales">SLNSW</a> 31789</figcaption></figure> <p>As a response to the Great Depression, banking in Australia became tightly regulated. Until the 1980s, it was virtually impossible for a foreign bank to establish branches in Australia; with the consequence that Australia had fewer banks compared to countries such as the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>. Moreover, banks in Australia were classified as either <i>savings banks</i> or <i>trading banks</i>. Savings banks paid virtually no interest to their depositors [Greenwood, STEERglobal states that in 1960s Perth 6% was paid on Commonwealth Bank savings accounts] and their lending activities were restricted to providing <a href="/wiki/Mortgage_loan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mortgage loan">mortgages</a>. Many of these savings banks were owned by state governments. Trading banks were essentially <a href="/wiki/Merchant_bank" title="Merchant bank">merchant banks</a>, which did not provide services to the general public. Because of these and numerous other regulatory restrictions, other forms of <a href="/wiki/Non-bank_financial_institution" title="Non-bank financial institution">non-bank financial institutions</a> flourished in Australia, such as <a href="/wiki/Building_society" title="Building society">building societies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Credit_union" title="Credit union">credit unions</a>. These were regulated by state laws and were subject to less stringent regulations, could provide and charge higher interest rates, but were restricted in the range of services they could offer. Above all, they were not allowed to call themselves "banks". </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/ABC_ATMs.ogv/220px--ABC_ATMs.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="194" data-mwtitle="ABC_ATMs.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:ABC_ATMs.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/52/ABC_ATMs.ogv/ABC_ATMs.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="512" data-height="288" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/ABC_ATMs.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="512" data-height="288" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/52/ABC_ATMs.ogv/ABC_ATMs.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/52/ABC_ATMs.ogv/ABC_ATMs.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AABC_ATMs.ogv&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video></span><figcaption>1969 <a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation">ABC</a> news report on the introduction of ATMs in <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a>. People could only receive $25 at a time and the bank card was sent back to the user at a later date.</figcaption></figure> <p>From 1920, the Commonwealth Bank performed some <a href="/wiki/Central_bank" title="Central bank">central bank</a> functions, which were greatly expanded during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. This arrangement caused some discomfort for the other banks, and as a result the <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_Australia" title="Reserve Bank of Australia">Reserve Bank of Australia</a> was created on 14 January 1960 and assumed the central bank functions previously performed by the Commonwealth Bank, including managing the currency, the money supply and exchange control. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adoption_of_new_technology">Adoption of new technology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banking_in_Australia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Adoption of new technology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Banks have adopted new technologies in order to reduce operating costs. The rollout of <a href="/wiki/Automated_teller_machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Automated teller machine">automated teller machines</a> (ATMs) commenced in 1969. There are currently a number of ATM networks operating in Australia, the largest five of which are: the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Bank" title="Commonwealth Bank">Commonwealth Bank</a>-<a href="/wiki/Bankwest" title="Bankwest">Bankwest</a> network (with over 4,000 machines), <a href="/wiki/National_Australia_Bank" title="National Australia Bank">NAB</a>-<a href="/wiki/RediATM" title="RediATM">rediATM</a> network (with over 3,400 machines), <a href="/wiki/Westpac" title="Westpac">Westpac</a>-St George-BankSA and Bank of Melbourne network (with over 3,000 machines), <a href="/wiki/Australia_%26_New_Zealand_Banking_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Australia & New Zealand Banking Group">ANZ</a> (with over 2,600 machines) and <a href="/wiki/Suncorp_Bank" title="Suncorp Bank">Suncorp</a> (with over 2,000 machines), and others.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Financial institutions are linked via <a href="/wiki/Interbank_network" title="Interbank network">interbank networks</a>. </p><p>The use of the <a href="/wiki/Bank_State_Branch" class="mw-redirect" title="Bank State Branch">Bank State Branch</a> (BSB) identifier was introduced in the early 1970s with the introduction of <a href="/wiki/MICR" class="mw-redirect" title="MICR">MICR</a> on cheques to mechanise the process of data capture by the banks as well as for mechanical sorting and bundling of physical cheques for forwarding to the payer bank branch for final <a href="/wiki/Clearing_(finance)" title="Clearing (finance)">cheque clearance</a>. Since then, BSBs have been used in electronic transactions (but is not used in financial card numbering). </p><p><a href="/wiki/EFTPOS" title="EFTPOS">EFTPOS</a> technology was introduced in 1984. Initially, only the banks' existing debit and credit cards could be used, but in 1985, the ATM (Financial) Network was created to link EFTPOS systems to provide access for all customers. Cards issued by all banks could then be used at all EFTPOS terminals nationally, but debit cards issued in other countries could not. Prior to 1986, the Australian banks organized a widespread uniform credit card, called Bankcard, which had been in existence since 1974. There was a dispute between the banks whether Bankcard (or credit cards in general) should be permitted into the proposed EFTPOS system. At that time several banks were actively promoting MasterCard and Visa credit cards. Store cards and proprietary cards, such as <a href="/wiki/Fuel_card" title="Fuel card">fuel cards</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bartercard" title="Bartercard">Bartercard</a>, were shut out of the new system, though they use compatible technology. </p><p>The widespread acceptance of credit cards and the development of <a href="/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security" title="Transport Layer Security">SSL</a> encrypted technology in mid 1990s opened the way to <a href="/wiki/E-commerce" title="E-commerce">E-commerce</a>. <a href="/wiki/Telephone_banking" title="Telephone banking">Telephone banking</a> was introduced in the 1990s, with <a href="/wiki/Internet_banking" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet banking">internet banking</a> being introduced after 1995 and <a href="/wiki/Mobile_banking" title="Mobile banking">mobile banking</a> after the 2010s. Bain, Research Now and Bain<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> along with GMI NPS surveys in 2012 found that 27% of Australians have had mobile banking transactions in the previous three months.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These innovations have resulted in significant shifts in banking in Australia away from the use of bank branches, and resulting in branch closures and staff cuts.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deregulation_and_concentration">Deregulation and concentration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banking_in_Australia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Deregulation and concentration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The banking industry was slowly deregulated. In the mid-1960s, the distinction between and separation of trading and savings banks was removed and all banks were allowed to operate in the <a href="/wiki/Money_market" title="Money market">money market</a> (traditionally the domain of <a href="/wiki/Merchant_bank" title="Merchant bank">merchant banks</a>), and banks were allowed to set their own interest rates. Building societies were allowed to take deposits from the public. <a href="/wiki/Foreign_exchange_controls" title="Foreign exchange controls">Foreign exchange controls</a> were abolished and the <a href="/wiki/Australian_dollar" title="Australian dollar">Australian dollar</a> was permitted to <a href="/wiki/Floating_currency" class="mw-redirect" title="Floating currency">float</a> from December 1983. </p><p>Banking in Australia is notable by the small number of large banks in the market. Much of this concentration is the result of bank acquisitions. <a href="/wiki/English,_Scottish_and_Australian_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="English, Scottish and Australian Bank">English, Scottish and Australian Bank</a> was acquired by the <a href="/wiki/ANZ_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="ANZ Bank">ANZ Bank</a> in 1970. In 1982, <a href="/wiki/Westpac" title="Westpac">Bank of New South Wales</a> merged with the <a href="/wiki/Commercial_Bank_of_Australia" title="Commercial Bank of Australia">Commercial Bank of Australia</a> to form Westpac. There were many other bank mergers and acquisitions throughout Australia's banking history. The boom and bust of the 1980s was a turbulent period for banks, with some establishing leading market positions, while others being absorbed by the larger banks. Beginning in the 1980s, several building societies sought to convert to banks, but were required to <a href="/wiki/Demutualization" title="Demutualization">demutualise</a> before they were permitted to do so. This included NSW Building Society, which became <a href="/wiki/Advance_Bank" title="Advance Bank">Advance Bank</a>, <a href="/wiki/St_George_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="St George Bank">St George</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suncorp_Group" title="Suncorp Group">Suncorp</a>, Metway Bank, <a href="/wiki/Challenge_Bank" title="Challenge Bank">Challenge Bank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Melbourne_(1989)" title="Bank of Melbourne (1989)">Bank of Melbourne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bendigo_%26_Adelaide_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Bendigo & Adelaide Bank">Bendigo Bank</a>. A change in regulations allowed building societies and credit unions to become banks without having to demutualise, and several including <a href="/wiki/Heritage_Bank" title="Heritage Bank">Heritage Bank</a> have converted since 2011 while retaining their status and structure as mutual organisations. </p><p>In 1990, the government adopted the "four pillars policy" in relation to banking in Australia and announced that it would reject any mergers between the four big banks.<sup id="cite_ref-FourPillars_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FourPillars-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The four pillars policy, however, has not prevented the four major banks from acquiring smaller competitors. In 2000, CBA acquired the <a href="/wiki/Colonial_First_State" title="Colonial First State">Colonial group</a>, which had emerged as a major bank–insurance combine in the 1990s, after the Colonial Mutual insurance group took over <a href="/wiki/State_Bank_of_NSW" class="mw-redirect" title="State Bank of NSW">State Bank of NSW</a> in 1994. The Commonwealth Bank also acquired the <a href="/wiki/State_Bank_of_Victoria" title="State Bank of Victoria">State Bank of Victoria</a> in 1990 and <a href="/wiki/Bankwest" title="Bankwest">Bankwest</a> in 2008. Westpac acquired the Challenge Bank in 1995, Bank of Melbourne in 1997, and St George Bank in 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-maiden_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maiden-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Australian government's direct ownership of banks ceased with the full privatisation of the Commonwealth Bank between 1991 and 1996. There was also increased competition from non-bank lenders, such as providers of <a href="/wiki/Securitization" title="Securitization">securitised</a> home loans. A category of <a href="/wiki/Authorised_deposit-taking_institution" title="Authorised deposit-taking institution">authorised deposit-taking institution</a> (ADI) was created for a corporation which is authorised under the <i>Banking Act 1959</i> to take deposits from customers. The change formalised the right of non-bank financial institutions – such as <a href="/wiki/Building_societies" class="mw-redirect" title="Building societies">building societies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Credit_union" title="Credit union">credit unions</a> – to accept deposits from non-members. </p><p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Wallis_Report" class="mw-redirect" title="Wallis Report">Wallis Committee Report</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Prudential_Regulation_Authority" title="Australian Prudential Regulation Authority">Australian Prudential Regulation Authority</a> (APRA) was established on 1 July 1998 to take over from the RBA the oversight of ADI's and other financial institutions in Australia, e.g., banks, <a href="/wiki/Credit_union" title="Credit union">credit unions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Building_societies" class="mw-redirect" title="Building societies">building societies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Friendly_society" title="Friendly society">friendly societies</a>, <a href="/wiki/General_insurance" title="General insurance">general insurance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reinsurance" title="Reinsurance">reinsurance</a> companies, <a href="/wiki/Life_insurance" title="Life insurance">life insurance</a> and most members of the <a href="/wiki/Superannuation_in_Australia" title="Superannuation in Australia">superannuation industry</a>. The Payments System Board (PSB) was also created, to maintain the safety and performance of the <a href="/wiki/Payments_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Payments system">payments system</a>. </p><p>At the time, consumer credit in Australia was primarily loaned in the form of <a href="/wiki/Installment_credit" class="mw-redirect" title="Installment credit">installment sales credit</a>. The arrival of hundreds of thousands of readily employable migrant workers under the post-war immigration scheme, coupled with intense competition amongst lenders, discouraged proper investigation into buyers.<sup id="cite_ref-Myers_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Myers-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Concerns about the possibly inflationary impact of lending created the first finance companies in Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-Myers_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Myers-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2017 the Treasurer, Hon Scott Morrison MP, initiated the Open Banking Review. Open Banking is to encourage more efficiency in the market, create new opportunities for market entrants, encourage competition and give customers greater control over their data. This was finalised in March 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2018 APRA created a <a href="/wiki/Authorised_deposit-taking_institution#Restricted_ADI" title="Authorised deposit-taking institution">restricted ADI</a> framework.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The framework is designed to encourage new entrants to the banking industry, particularly small firms with limited financial resources, to navigate the licensing process. Eligible entities can conduct a limited range of business activities for two years while they progress towards an unrestricted status. APRA announced and authorised the first restricted ADI, <a href="/wiki/Volt_Bank" title="Volt Bank">Volt Bank</a>, on 7 May 2018. On 1 September 2022, APRA announced it had revoked Volt Bank Limited's (Volt) authorised deposit-taking institution (ADI) licence under the Banking Act 1959.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Former_government-owned_Bank">Former government-owned Bank</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banking_in_Australia&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Former government-owned Bank"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_Bank_of_Victoria" title="State Bank of Victoria">State Bank of Victoria</a> (1842-1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bankwest" title="Bankwest">Bankwest</a> (1895-1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Bank_of_South_Australia" title="State Bank of South Australia">State Bank of South Australia</a> (1896-1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Bank" title="Commonwealth Bank">Commonwealth Bank</a> (1911-1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Bank_of_New_South_Wales" title="State Bank of New South Wales">State Bank of New South Wales</a> (1933-1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trust_Bank_of_Tasmania" title="Trust Bank of Tasmania">Trust Bank of Tasmania</a> (1991-1999)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banking_in_Australia&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Banking_Association" title="Australian Banking Association">Australian Banking Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Australia" title="Economy of Australia">Economy of Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_system_in_Australia" title="Financial system in Australia">Financial system in Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Australia" title="List of banks in Australia">List of banks in Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Commission_into_Misconduct_in_the_Banking,_Superannuation_and_Financial_Services_Industry" title="Royal Commission into Misconduct in the Banking, Superannuation and Financial Services Industry">Royal Commission into Misconduct in the Banking, Superannuation and Financial Services Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_banking_in_Western_Australia" title="Timeline of banking in Western Australia">Timeline of banking in Western Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_Code" title="Banking Code">Banking Code</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banking_in_Australia&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.myzeller.com/blog/best-business-bank-accounts-australia">"Best Business Bank Accounts in Australia for 2023 | Zeller"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Best+Business+Bank+Accounts+in+Australia+for+2023+%26%23124%3B+Zeller&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.myzeller.com%2Fblog%2Fbest-business-bank-accounts-australia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABanking+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091013030104/http://www.treasury.gov.au/documents/1431/PDF/Design_and_operational_parameters_281008.pdf">"Australian Government Deposit Guarantee Design & Operational Parameters, Department of the Treasury accessed 18 June 2010"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treasury.gov.au/documents/1431/PDF/Design_and_operational_parameters_281008.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 13 October 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bain.com&rft.atitle=Customer+Loyalty+in+Retail+Banking+Global+Edition+2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bain.com%2FImages%2FBAIN_REPORT_Customer_loyalty_in_retail_banking.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABanking+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_mobile_banking_usage" title="List of countries by mobile banking usage">List of countries by mobile banking usage</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Parliament of Australia, 2002-04, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Joint/Corporations_and_Financial_Services/Completed_inquiries/2002-04/banking/report/c02">Chapter 2 - Bank branch closures in rural, regional and remote Australia</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weekly Times Now, 8 November 2017, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weeklytimesnow.com.au/news/national/bank-branch-closures-across-rural-ausralia-put-towns-on-brink/news-story/773a309af2dde591a86009b8c57f5e77">Bank branch closures across rural Australia put towns on brink</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Myers-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Myers_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Myers_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMyers1961" class="citation journal cs1">Myers, Margaret G. (September 1961). "The Control of Consumer Credit in Australia". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Journal_of_Finance" title="The Journal of Finance">The Journal of Finance</a></i>. <b>16</b> (3): 409–422. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2977336">10.2307/2977336</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2977336">2977336</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Finance&rft.atitle=The+Control+of+Consumer+Credit+in+Australia&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=409-422&rft.date=1961-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2977336&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2977336%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Myers&rft.aufirst=Margaret+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABanking+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://treasury.gov.au/consultation/c2018-t247313/">"Review into Open Banking in Australia"</a>. <i>www.treasury.gov.au</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.treasury.gov.au&rft.atitle=Review+into+Open+Banking+in+Australia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftreasury.gov.au%2Fconsultation%2Fc2018-t247313%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABanking+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180509080324/http://www.apra.gov.au/MediaReleases/Pages/18_18.aspx">"APRA finalises new Restricted ADI licensing framework"</a>. <i>APRA</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.apra.gov.au/MediaReleases/Pages/18_18.aspx">the original</a> on 9 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=APRA&rft.atitle=APRA+finalises+new+Restricted+ADI+licensing+framework&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.apra.gov.au%2FMediaReleases%2FPages%2F18_18.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABanking+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.afca.org.au/news/current-matters/volt-bank-return-of-deposits#:~:text=On%201%20September%202022%2C%20APRA,under%20the%20Banking%20Act%201959.">"Australian Bank Volt Collapses | Australian Financial Complaints Authority"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Australian+Bank+Volt+Collapses+%26%23124%3B+Australian+Financial+Complaints+Authority&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.afca.org.au%2Fnews%2Fcurrent-matters%2Fvolt-bank-return-of-deposits%23%3A~%3Atext%3DOn%25201%2520September%25202022%252C%2520APRA%2Cunder%2520the%2520Banking%2520Act%25201959.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABanking+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banking_in_Australia&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPitt2013" class="citation book cs1">Pitt, Michael T. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eLjpnQEACAAJ"><i>Renniks Australian Coin and Banknote Values: Over 49 Years as the Premier Guide for Coins and Banknotes</i></a>. Renniks Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9873386-2-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9873386-2-4"><bdi>978-0-9873386-2-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Renniks+Australian+Coin+and+Banknote+Values%3A+Over+49+Years+as+the+Premier+Guide+for+Coins+and+Banknotes&rft.pub=Renniks+Publications&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-9873386-2-4&rft.aulast=Pitt&rft.aufirst=Michael+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeLjpnQEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABanking+in+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banking_in_Australia&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140730142737/http://www.abc.net.au/money/currency/features/feat3.htm">Australia's Banking History</a>, ABC</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 0;min-height:24px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-logo{width:22px;line-height:22px;margin:0 0.2em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-link{margin:0 0.2em;text-align:left}@media screen and (max-width:960px){.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{flex-flow:column wrap;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{flex:0 1}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{flex:1;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{flex:0 0 20em;min-width:20em}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.portal-bar{margin-top:-1px}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header"><b>Banking in Australia</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects" style="white-space:nowrap;">sister projects</span></a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Banking_in_Australia" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Banking in Australia">Media</a></b> from Commons</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/21px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/32px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/42px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4856332" class="extiw" title="d:Q4856332">Data</a></b> from Wikidata</span></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Local banks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Big_Four_(banking)#Australia" title="Big Four (banking)">Big Four</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ANZ_(bank)" title="ANZ (bank)">ANZ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suncorp_Bank" title="Suncorp Bank">Suncorp Bank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Bank" title="Commonwealth Bank">Commonwealth Bank</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bankwest" title="Bankwest">Bankwest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Australia_Bank" title="National Australia Bank">National Australia Bank</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UBank" title="UBank">UBank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westpac" title="Westpac">Westpac</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Melbourne_(2011)" title="Bank of Melbourne (2011)">Bank of Melbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BankSA" title="BankSA">BankSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St.George_Bank" title="St.George Bank">St.George Bank</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Retail_banking" title="Retail banking">Other retail</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Bank" title="Alex Bank">Alex Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMP_Limited" title="AMP Limited">AMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auswide_Bank" title="Auswide Bank">Auswide Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judo_Bank" title="Judo Bank">Judo Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macquarie_Group" title="Macquarie Group">Macquarie Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Queensland" title="Bank of Queensland">Bank of Queensland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ME_Bank" title="ME Bank">ME Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Money_Australia" title="Virgin Money Australia">Virgin Money</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bendigo_%26_Adelaide_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Bendigo & Adelaide Bank">Bendigo & Adelaide Bank</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Up_(Australian_bank)" title="Up (Australian bank)">Up</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyro_Payments" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyro Payments">Tyro Payments</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cooperative_banking" title="Cooperative banking">Member-owned</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Unity" title="Australian Unity">Australian Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_Australia" title="Bank Australia">Bank Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_First" title="Bank First">Bank First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BankVic" title="BankVic">BankVic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beyond_Bank_Australia" title="Beyond Bank Australia">Beyond Bank Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairns_Bank" title="Cairns Bank">Cairns Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_First_Bank" title="Community First Bank">Community First Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Credit_Union_SA" title="Credit Union SA">Credit Union SA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuscal" title="Cuscal">Cuscal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Southern_Bank" title="Great Southern Bank">Great Southern Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_Bank" title="Heritage Bank">Heritage Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hume_Bank" title="Hume Bank">Hume Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMB_Bank" title="IMB Bank">IMB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MyState" class="mw-redirect" title="MyState">MyState</a></li> <li>Newcastle Greater Mutual <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Bank" title="Greater Bank">Greater Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_Permanent_Building_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Newcastle Permanent Building Society">Newcastle Permanent</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%26N_Bank" title="P&N Bank">P&N Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_First_Bank" title="People First Bank">People First Bank</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_Bank" title="Heritage Bank">Heritage Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Choice_Credit_Union" title="People's Choice Credit Union">People's Choice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_Bank" title="Police Bank">Police Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qudos_Bank" title="Qudos Bank">Qudos Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Automobile_Club_of_Queensland" title="Royal Automobile Club of Queensland">RACQ Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Australia_Bank" title="Regional Australia Bank">Regional Australia Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teachers_Mutual_Bank" title="Teachers Mutual Bank">Teachers Mutual Bank</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/De-banking" title="De-banking">Defunct</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Volt_Bank" title="Volt Bank">Volt Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinja" title="Xinja">Xinja</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foreign banks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Bank" title="Arab Bank">Arab Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_China" title="Bank of China">Bank of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Beirut" title="Bank of Beirut">Bank of Beirut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heartland_Bank" title="Heartland Bank">Heartland Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_Australia" title="HSBC Bank Australia">HSBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ING_Australia" title="ING Australia">ING</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabobank" title="Rabobank">Rabobank</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-bank lenders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aussie_(financial_group)" title="Aussie (financial group)">Aussie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latitude_Financial_Services" title="Latitude Financial Services">Latitude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Trobe_Financial" title="La Trobe Financial">La Trobe Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortgage_Choice" title="Mortgage Choice">Mortgage Choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepper_Money" title="Pepper Money">Pepper Money</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bank_regulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Bank regulation">Regulators</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Securities_and_Investments_Commission" title="Australian Securities and Investments Commission">Australian Securities and Investments Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Competition_%26_Consumer_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Competition & Consumer Commission">Australian Competition & Consumer Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Prudential_Regulation_Authority" title="Australian Prudential Regulation Authority">Australian Prudential Regulation Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Payments_Council" title="Australian Payments Council">Australian Payments Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Payments_Network" title="Australian Payments Network">Australian Payments Network</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Payments_Platform" title="New Payments Platform">New Payments Platform</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_pillars_policy" title="Four pillars policy">Four pillars policy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inquiries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Commission_into_Misconduct_in_the_Banking,_Superannuation_and_Financial_Services_Industry" title="Royal Commission into Misconduct in the Banking, Superannuation and Financial Services Industry">Royal Commission 2017–2019</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Banks_of_Australia" title="Category:Banks of Australia">Category:Banks of Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Australia" title="Economy of Australia">Economy of Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_system_in_Australia" title="Financial system in Australia">Financial system in Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Australia" title="List of banks in Australia">List of banks in Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Economy_of_Australia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Economy_of_Australia" title="Template:Economy of Australia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Economy_of_Australia" title="Template talk:Economy of Australia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Economy_of_Australia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Economy of Australia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Economy_of_Australia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Australia" title="Economy of Australia">Economy of Australia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_pound" title="Australian pound">Australian pound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_banking_crisis_of_1893" title="Australian banking crisis of 1893">Banking crisis of 1893</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Australia" title="Economic history of Australia">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_pillars_policy" title="Four pillars policy">Four pillars policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Depression_in_Australia" title="Great Depression in Australia">Great Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privatisation_in_Australia" title="Privatisation in Australia">Privatisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snowy_Mountains_Scheme" title="Snowy Mountains Scheme">Snowy Mountains Scheme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Currency</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_dollar" title="Australian dollar">Australian dollar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State economies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_New_South_Wales" title="Economy of New South Wales">New South Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Victoria_(state)" title="Economy of Victoria (state)">Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Queensland" title="Economy of Queensland">Queensland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Western_Australia" title="Economy of Western Australia">Western Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_South_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of South Australia">South Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Tasmania" title="Economy of Tasmania">Tasmania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Australian_Capital_Territory" title="Economy of the Australian Capital Territory">Australian Capital Territory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Australia" title="Agriculture in Australia">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Australia" title="Automotive industry in Australia">Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seafood_in_Australia" title="Seafood in Australia">Fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurance_in_Australia" title="Insurance in Australia">Insurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_in_Australia" title="Manufacturing in Australia">Manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Australia" title="Mining in Australia">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_property_market" title="Australian property market">Real estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superannuation_in_Australia" title="Superannuation in Australia">Superannuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Australia" title="Telecommunications in Australia">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Australia" title="Tourism in Australia">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Australia" title="Transport in Australia">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ports_in_Australia" title="List of ports in Australia">Ports</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_wine" title="Australian wine">Wine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Australia" title="Taxation in Australia">Taxation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_taxes_in_Australia" title="Fuel taxes in Australia">Fuel taxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goods_and_services_tax_(Australia)" title="Goods and services tax (Australia)">Goods & Services Tax</a> (<a href="/wiki/GST_distribution_dispute" title="GST distribution dispute">dispute</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxury_Car_Tax" title="Luxury Car Tax">Luxury Car Tax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minerals_Resource_Rent_Tax" title="Minerals Resource Rent Tax">Minerals Resource Rent Tax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passenger_Movement_Charge" title="Passenger Movement Charge">Passenger Movement Charge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_return_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tax return (Australia)">Tax return</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Banking and Finance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_system_in_Australia" title="Financial system in Australia">Financial system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_cash_rate" title="Official cash rate">Official cash rate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Securities_Exchange" title="Australian Securities Exchange">Australian Securities Exchange</a> (<a href="/wiki/S%26P/ASX_200" title="S&P/ASX 200">S&P/ASX 200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_Ordinaries" title="All Ordinaries">All Ordinaries</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regulatory agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Competition_%26_Consumer_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Competition & Consumer Commission">ACCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Prudential_Regulation_Authority" title="Australian Prudential Regulation Authority">APRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Securities_%26_Investments_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Securities & Investments Commission">ASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_corporate_law" title="Australian corporate law">Corporate law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_51(xx)_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" title="Section 51(xx) of the Constitution of Australia">Corporations power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair_Work_Commission" title="Fair Work Commission">FWC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_Australia" title="Reserve Bank of Australia">Reserve Bank</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Australia" title="Energy in Australia">Energy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biofuel_in_Australia" title="Biofuel in Australia">Biofuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_pricing_in_Australia" title="Carbon pricing in Australia">Carbon pricing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_Australia" title="Energy policy of Australia">Energy policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_efficiency_rating" title="Energy efficiency rating">Energy efficiency rating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geothermal_power_in_Australia" title="Geothermal power in Australia">Geothermal power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_electricity_in_Australia" title="Green electricity in Australia">Green electricity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Electricity_Market" title="National Electricity Market">National Electricity Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Australia" title="Solar power in Australia">Solar power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Australia" title="Wind power in Australia">Wind power</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Economic conditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_government_debt" title="Australian government debt">Government debt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_ownership_in_Australia" title="Home ownership in Australia">Home ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Income in Australia">Income in Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Australia" title="Poverty in Australia">Poverty in Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_property_bubble" title="Australian property bubble">Property bubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Social class in Australia">Social class in Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wealth_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Wealth in Australia">Wealth in Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Council_of_Trade_Unions" title="Australian Council of Trade Unions">ACTU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_labour_movement" title="Australian labour movement">Labour movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Free_trade_agreements_of_Australia" title="Free trade agreements of Australia">Trade agreements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93Chile_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="Australia–Chile Free Trade Agreement">Australia–Chile FTA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93Korea_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="Australia–Korea Free Trade Agreement">Australia–Korea FTA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closer_Economic_Relations" title="Closer Economic Relations">Australia–New Zealand FTA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93United_States_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="Australia–United States Free Trade Agreement">Australia–United States FTA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Australia_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="China–Australia Free Trade Agreement">China–Australia FTA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Australia_Economic_Partnership_Agreement" title="Japan–Australia Economic Partnership Agreement">Japan–Australia FTA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_and_Progressive_Agreement_for_Trans-Pacific_Partnership" title="Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership">Trans-Pacific Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Australia_Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership_Agreement" title="Indonesia–Australia Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement">Indonesia–Australia FTA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="Australia–United Kingdom Free Trade Agreement">Australia–United Kingdom FTA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Economy_of_Australia" title="Category:Economy of Australia">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Economy_of_Australia" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Economy of Australia">Commons</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Banking_in_Oceania" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Oceania_topic" title="Template talk:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Banking_in_Oceania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Banking in Oceania</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banking_in_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banking in the Federated States of Micronesia (page does not exist)">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banking_in_Fiji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banking in Fiji (page does not exist)">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banking_in_Kiribati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banking in Kiribati (page does not exist)">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banking_in_the_Marshall_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banking in the Marshall Islands (page does not exist)">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Nauru" class="mw-redirect" title="Banking in Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Banking in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banking_in_Palau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banking in Palau (page does not exist)">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banking_in_Papua_New_Guinea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banking in Papua New Guinea (page does not exist)">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banking_in_Samoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banking in Samoa (page does not exist)">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banking_in_Solomon_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banking in Solomon Islands (page does not exist)">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banking_in_Tonga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banking in Tonga (page does not exist)">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banking_in_Tuvalu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banking in Tuvalu (page does not exist)">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banking_in_Vanuatu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banking in Vanuatu (page does not exist)">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associated states<br />of New Zealand</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_the_Cook_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Banking in the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banking_in_Niue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banking in Niue (page does not exist)">Niue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies<br />and other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banking_in_American_Samoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banking in American Samoa (page does not exist)">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banking_in_Christmas_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banking in Christmas Island (page does not exist)">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banking_in_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banking in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (page does not exist)">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banking_in_Easter_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banking in Easter Island (page does not exist)">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banking_in_French_Polynesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banking in French Polynesia (page does not exist)">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banking_in_Guam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banking in Guam (page does not exist)">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banking_in_Hawaii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banking in Hawaii (page does not exist)">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banking_in_New_Caledonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banking in New Caledonia (page does not exist)">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banking_in_Norfolk_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banking in Norfolk Island (page does not exist)">Norfolk Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banking_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banking in the Northern Mariana Islands (page does not exist)">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banking_in_the_Pitcairn_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banking in the Pitcairn Islands (page does not exist)">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banking_in_Tokelau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banking in Tokelau (page does not exist)">Tokelau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banking_in_Wallis_and_Futuna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banking in Wallis and Futuna (page does not exist)">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Banking_in_Australia&oldid=1259280033">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Banking_in_Australia&oldid=1259280033</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Banking_in_Australia" title="Category:Banking in Australia">Banking in 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