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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Environmental Health</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">38,955 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Environmental Health</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Environmental_Health">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_16864975 coauthored" data-work_id="16864975" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16864975/UMTS_Base_Station_like_Exposure_Well_Being_and_Cognitive_Performance">UMTS Base Station-like Exposure, Well-Being, and Cognitive Performance</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Abbreviations BMI: Body mass index BQW: Bern questionnaire on well being CRT: Two-choice reaction time task E-field: Electric field EHS: Electromagnetic hypersensitivity FDTD: Finite-difference time-domain GSM: Global System for Mobile... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_16864975" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Abbreviations BMI: Body mass index BQW: Bern questionnaire on well being CRT: Two-choice reaction time task E-field: Electric field EHS: Electromagnetic hypersensitivity FDTD: Finite-difference time-domain GSM: Global System for Mobile Communication; second generation of mobile networks sensitive subjects. Both effects disappeared after multiple endpoint adjustment.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/16864975" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4d617682702ac0e30645b4806145d0f2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39225858,"asset_id":16864975,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39225858/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzNjk2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="36333572" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MartinR%C3%B6%C3%B6sli">Martin Röösli</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="36333572" type="text/json">{"id":36333572,"first_name":"Martin","last_name":"Röösli","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MartinRöösli","display_name":"Martin Röösli","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MartinR%C3%B6%C3%B6sli?f_ri=7403","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-16864975">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-16864975"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://ethz.academia.edu/SonjaNegovetic">Sonja Negovetic</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-16864975'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-16864975').html(); 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second generation of mobile networks sensitive subjects. Both effects disappeared after multiple endpoint adjustment.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39225858,"asset_id":16864975,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":36333572,"first_name":"Martin","last_name":"Röösli","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MartinRöösli","display_name":"Martin Röösli","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MartinR%C3%B6%C3%B6sli?f_ri=7403","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":36442084,"first_name":"Sonja","last_name":"Negovetic","domain_name":"ethz","page_name":"SonjaNegovetic","display_name":"Sonja Negovetic","profile_url":"https://ethz.academia.edu/SonjaNegovetic?f_ri=7403","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4212,"name":"Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":7470,"name":"Quality of life","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quality_of_life?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":8202,"name":"Cell Phones","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Phones?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=7403"},{"id":131236,"name":"Electromagnetic Fields","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electromagnetic_Fields?f_ri=7403"},{"id":233770,"name":"Cognitive Performance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Performance?f_ri=7403"},{"id":327850,"name":"Questionnaires","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Questionnaires?f_ri=7403"},{"id":335365,"name":"Radiometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiometry?f_ri=7403"},{"id":806075,"name":"Radio Waves","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radio_Waves?f_ri=7403"},{"id":1555652,"name":"Base station","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Base_station?f_ri=7403"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_21164289" data-work_id="21164289" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21164289/Bioavailability_of_Cadmium_in_Inexpensive_Jewelry">Bioavailability of Cadmium in Inexpensive Jewelry</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We evaluated the bioavailability of Cd in 86 components of 57 jewelry items found to contain high levels of Cd (> 10,000 ppm) by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), using extractions that simulate mouthing or swallowing of jewelry items. Methods:... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_21164289" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We evaluated the bioavailability of Cd in 86 components of 57 jewelry items found to contain high levels of Cd (> 10,000 ppm) by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), using extractions that simulate mouthing or swallowing of jewelry items. Methods: We screened jewelry for Cd content by XRF. Bioavailability was measured in two ways. Items were placed in saline solution at 37°C for 6 hr to simulate exposures from mouthing of jewelry items. Items were placed in dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl) at 37°C for 6-96 hr, simulating the worst-case scenario of a child swallowing a jewelry item. Damaged pieces of selected samples were also extracted by both methods to determine the effect of breaching the outer plating on bioavailability. Total Cd content of all items was determined by atomic absorption. results: The 6-hr saline extraction yielded as much as 2,200 μg Cd, and 24-hr dilute HCl extraction yielded a maximum of > 20,000 μg Cd. Leaching of Cd in dilute HCl increased linearly over 6-96 hr, indicating potential for increasing harm the longer an item remains in the stomach. Damage to jewelry by breaching the outer plating generally, but not always, increased Cd release. Bioavailability did not correlate directly with Cd content. conclusions: These results indicate the potential for dangerous Cd exposures to children who wear, mouth, or accidentally swallow high-Cd jewelry items. key words: cadmium, children's health, import safety, jewelry, potential cadmium exposures.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/21164289" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7c185adfa100ddc6e5fbb50ed87c1162" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41743528,"asset_id":21164289,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41743528/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzNjk2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33161555" href="https://ashland.academia.edu/JeffreyWeidenhamer">Jeffrey Weidenhamer</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33161555" type="text/json">{"id":33161555,"first_name":"Jeffrey","last_name":"Weidenhamer","domain_name":"ashland","page_name":"JeffreyWeidenhamer","display_name":"Jeffrey Weidenhamer","profile_url":"https://ashland.academia.edu/JeffreyWeidenhamer?f_ri=7403","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_21164289 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="21164289"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 21164289, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_21164289", }); 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Methods: We screened jewelry for Cd content by XRF. Bioavailability was measured in two ways. Items were placed in saline solution at 37°C for 6 hr to simulate exposures from mouthing of jewelry items. Items were placed in dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl) at 37°C for 6-96 hr, simulating the worst-case scenario of a child swallowing a jewelry item. Damaged pieces of selected samples were also extracted by both methods to determine the effect of breaching the outer plating on bioavailability. Total Cd content of all items was determined by atomic absorption. results: The 6-hr saline extraction yielded as much as 2,200 μg Cd, and 24-hr dilute HCl extraction yielded a maximum of \u003e 20,000 μg Cd. Leaching of Cd in dilute HCl increased linearly over 6-96 hr, indicating potential for increasing harm the longer an item remains in the stomach. Damage to jewelry by breaching the outer plating generally, but not always, increased Cd release. Bioavailability did not correlate directly with Cd content. conclusions: These results indicate the potential for dangerous Cd exposures to children who wear, mouth, or accidentally swallow high-Cd jewelry items. key words: cadmium, children's health, import safety, jewelry, potential cadmium exposures.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41743528,"asset_id":21164289,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33161555,"first_name":"Jeffrey","last_name":"Weidenhamer","domain_name":"ashland","page_name":"JeffreyWeidenhamer","display_name":"Jeffrey Weidenhamer","profile_url":"https://ashland.academia.edu/JeffreyWeidenhamer?f_ri=7403","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":98134,"name":"United States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States?f_ri=7403"},{"id":202392,"name":"Jewelry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewelry?f_ri=7403"},{"id":213907,"name":"Cadmium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cadmium?f_ri=7403"},{"id":413195,"name":"Time Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Factors?f_ri=7403"},{"id":736321,"name":"Environmental Pollutants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Pollutants?f_ri=7403"},{"id":1127382,"name":"Hydrochloric Acid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrochloric_Acid?f_ri=7403"},{"id":1223913,"name":"Sodium Chloride","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sodium_Chloride?f_ri=7403"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_53279897" data-work_id="53279897" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/53279897/Emerging_Approaches_in_Design_and_New_Connections_with_Nature">Emerging Approaches in Design and New Connections with Nature</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Title: Emerging approaches in design and new connections with nature / Esen Gökçe Özdamar, Okşan Tandoğan, editor. Description: Hershey PA : Information Science Reference, [2021] | Includes bibliographical references and index. | Summary:... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_53279897" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Title: Emerging approaches in design and new connections with nature / Esen Gökçe Özdamar, Okşan Tandoğan, editor. Description: Hershey PA : Information Science Reference, [2021] | Includes bibliographical references and index. | Summary: "This book offers chapters on architecture, urban design, urban planning, landscape design, design, social science, policy-making, and all fields of technology as a foundation for a deeper understanding of a close relationship between nature, the environment, and ways of living on specific topics"-Provided by publisher.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/53279897" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e9c563475d4b219d8ede758a190b4d4c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":75577476,"asset_id":53279897,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/75577476/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzNjk2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="124096" href="https://xn--nk-yka.academia.edu/esengokceozdamar">esen gokce ozdamar</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="124096" type="text/json">{"id":124096,"first_name":"esen gokce","last_name":"ozdamar","domain_name":"xn--nk-yka","page_name":"esengokceozdamar","display_name":"esen gokce ozdamar","profile_url":"https://xn--nk-yka.academia.edu/esengokceozdamar?f_ri=7403","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/124096/33153/4563822/s65_esen_gokce.ozdamar.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_53279897 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="53279897"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 53279897, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_53279897", }); 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Description: Hershey PA : Information Science Reference, [2021] | Includes bibliographical references and index. | Summary: \"This book offers chapters on architecture, urban design, urban planning, landscape design, design, social science, policy-making, and all fields of technology as a foundation for a deeper understanding of a close relationship between nature, the environment, and ways of living on specific topics\"-Provided by publisher.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":75577476,"asset_id":53279897,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":124096,"first_name":"esen gokce","last_name":"ozdamar","domain_name":"xn--nk-yka","page_name":"esengokceozdamar","display_name":"esen gokce ozdamar","profile_url":"https://xn--nk-yka.academia.edu/esengokceozdamar?f_ri=7403","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/124096/33153/4563822/s65_esen_gokce.ozdamar.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":74566,"name":"Biophilia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biophilia?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":83476,"name":"Wellness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wellness?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":141679,"name":"Coexistence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coexistence?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":1208617,"name":"Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainability?f_ri=7403"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9194623" data-work_id="9194623" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9194623/Thyroid_Disrupting_Chemicals_in_Plastic_Additives_and_Thyroid_Health">Thyroid Disrupting Chemicals in Plastic Additives and Thyroid Health</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The globally escalating thyroid nodule incidence rates may be only partially ascribed to better diagnostics, allowing for the assessment of environmental risk factors on thyroid disease. Endocrine disruptors or thyroid-disrupting... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9194623" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The globally escalating thyroid nodule incidence rates may be only partially ascribed to better diagnostics, allowing for the assessment of environmental risk factors on thyroid disease. Endocrine disruptors or thyroid-disrupting chemicals (TDC) like bisphenol A, phthalates, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers are widely used as plastic additives in consumer products. This comprehensive review studied the magnitude and uncertainty of TDC exposures and their effects on thyroid hormones for sensitive subpopulation groups like pregnant women, infants, and children. Our findings qualitatively suggest the mixed, significant (α = 0.05) TDC associations with natural thyroid hormones (positive or negative sign). Future studies should undertake systematic meta-analyses to elucidate pooled TDC effect estimates on thyroid health indicators and outcomes.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9194623" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9118ea812f0c76874e8e968fa071db8a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47855518,"asset_id":9194623,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47855518/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzNjk2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="21044179" href="https://independent.academia.edu/bansyam">syam ban</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="21044179" type="text/json">{"id":21044179,"first_name":"syam","last_name":"ban","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"bansyam","display_name":"syam ban","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/bansyam?f_ri=7403","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9194623 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9194623"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9194623, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9194623", }); 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Future studies should undertake systematic meta-analyses to elucidate pooled TDC effect estimates on thyroid health indicators and outcomes.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47855518,"asset_id":9194623,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":21044179,"first_name":"syam","last_name":"ban","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"bansyam","display_name":"syam ban","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/bansyam?f_ri=7403","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":55,"name":"Environmental Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=7403"},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=7403"},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=7403"},{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=7403"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=7403"},{"id":76078,"name":"Thyroid gland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thyroid_gland?f_ri=7403"},{"id":82446,"name":"bisphenol A","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/bisphenol_A?f_ri=7403"},{"id":86650,"name":"Endocrine disruptors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endocrine_disruptors?f_ri=7403"},{"id":98134,"name":"United States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States?f_ri=7403"},{"id":104708,"name":"Plastics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastics?f_ri=7403"},{"id":133057,"name":"Young Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Adult?f_ri=7403"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant?f_ri=7403"},{"id":141399,"name":"Thyroxine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thyroxine?f_ri=7403"},{"id":141400,"name":"Thyroid Hormones","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thyroid_Hormones?f_ri=7403"},{"id":253560,"name":"Newborn Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Newborn_Infant?f_ri=7403"},{"id":347988,"name":"Phenols","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenols?f_ri=7403"},{"id":486566,"name":"Pregnant Women","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnant_Women?f_ri=7403"},{"id":622367,"name":"Water Quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Quality-1?f_ri=7403"},{"id":626837,"name":"Endocrine Disruptors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endocrine_Disruptors-1?f_ri=7403"},{"id":888897,"name":"Health Indicator","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Indicator?f_ri=7403"},{"id":1034181,"name":"Cross Sectional Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_Sectional_Studies?f_ri=7403"},{"id":1250609,"name":"Thyroid Stimulating Hormone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thyroid_Stimulating_Hormone?f_ri=7403"},{"id":1312021,"name":"Environmental Exposure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Exposure?f_ri=7403"},{"id":1553471,"name":"Thyroid nodule","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thyroid_nodule?f_ri=7403"},{"id":1878977,"name":"Maternal Exposure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maternal_Exposure?f_ri=7403"},{"id":2489700,"name":"Child preschool","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_preschool?f_ri=7403"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_80267182" data-work_id="80267182" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/80267182/Personal_protection_accessories_PPA_as_a_primary_health_safety_measures_in_pesticide_use">Personal protection accessories (PPA) as a primary health safety measures in pesticide use</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Fruit growers from three districts of the Punjab took part in this study whereas their knowledge, attitude, skill and practices were evaluated regarding the use of pesticides. The hygiene and sanitation practices of the respondent were... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_80267182" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Fruit growers from three districts of the Punjab took part in this study whereas their knowledge, attitude, skill and practices were evaluated regarding the use of pesticides. The hygiene and sanitation practices of the respondent were also related with proper use of PPA ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/80267182" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b2adac8b83617fef8756cd125e84c3dd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":86705821,"asset_id":80267182,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86705821/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzNjk2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33195278" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TanvirAli1">Tanvir Ali</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33195278" type="text/json">{"id":33195278,"first_name":"Tanvir","last_name":"Ali","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TanvirAli1","display_name":"Tanvir Ali","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TanvirAli1?f_ri=7403","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_80267182 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="80267182"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 80267182, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_80267182", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=80267182]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_80267182").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_80267182").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="80267182"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7361" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7361" type="text/json">{"id":7361,"name":"Pakistan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pakistan?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7403" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health">Environmental Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7403" type="text/json">{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="65590" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pesticide">Pesticide</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="65590" type="text/json">{"id":65590,"name":"Pesticide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pesticide?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=80267182]'), work: {"id":80267182,"title":"Personal protection accessories (PPA) as a primary health safety measures in pesticide use","created_at":"2022-05-30T04:40:51.563-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/80267182/Personal_protection_accessories_PPA_as_a_primary_health_safety_measures_in_pesticide_use?f_ri=7403","dom_id":"work_80267182","summary":"Fruit growers from three districts of the Punjab took part in this study whereas their knowledge, attitude, skill and practices were evaluated regarding the use of pesticides. The hygiene and sanitation practices of the respondent were also related with proper use of PPA ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":86705821,"asset_id":80267182,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33195278,"first_name":"Tanvir","last_name":"Ali","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TanvirAli1","display_name":"Tanvir Ali","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TanvirAli1?f_ri=7403","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7361,"name":"Pakistan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pakistan?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":65590,"name":"Pesticide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pesticide?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_79232604" data-work_id="79232604" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/79232604/Medical_Geology_a_globally_emerging_discipline">Medical Geology: a globally emerging discipline</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Medical Geology, the study of the impacts of geologic materials and processes on animal and human health, is a dynamic emerging discipline bringing together the geoscience, biomedical, and public health communities to solve a wide range... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_79232604" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Medical Geology, the study of the impacts of geologic materials and processes on animal and human health, is a dynamic emerging discipline bringing together the geoscience, biomedical, and public health communities to solve a wide range of environmental health problems. Among the Medical Geology described in this review are examples of both deficiency and toxicity of trace element exposure. Goiter is a widespread and potentially serious health problem caused by deficiency of iodine. In many locations the deficiency is attributable to low concentrations of iodine in the bedrock. Similarly, deficiency of selenium in the soil has been cited as the principal cause of juvenile cardiomyopathy and muscular abnormalities. Overexposure to arsenic is one of the most widespread Medical Geology problems affecting more than one hundred million people in Bangladesh, India, China, Europe, Africa and North and South America. The arsenic exposure is primarily due to naturally high levels in groundwa...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/79232604" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="11be8ae1984ee526729c9f1a20d0d5a6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":86016295,"asset_id":79232604,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86016295/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzNjk2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="54350217" rel="nofollow" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RobertFinkelman">Robert Finkelman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="54350217" type="text/json">{"id":54350217,"first_name":"Robert","last_name":"Finkelman","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RobertFinkelman","display_name":"Robert Finkelman","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RobertFinkelman?f_ri=7403","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_79232604 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="79232604"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 79232604, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_79232604", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_79232604 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79232604; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_79232604"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_79232604 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="79232604"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79232604; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=79232604]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_79232604").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_79232604").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="79232604"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="406" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geology">Geology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="406" type="text/json">{"id":406,"name":"Geology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geology?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6227" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arsenic">Arsenic</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6227" type="text/json">{"id":6227,"name":"Arsenic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arsenic?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7403" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health">Environmental Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7403" type="text/json">{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16288" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health">Public Health</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="16288" type="text/json">{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=79232604]'), work: {"id":79232604,"title":"Medical Geology: a globally emerging discipline","created_at":"2022-05-16T06:34:38.891-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/79232604/Medical_Geology_a_globally_emerging_discipline?f_ri=7403","dom_id":"work_79232604","summary":"Medical Geology, the study of the impacts of geologic materials and processes on animal and human health, is a dynamic emerging discipline bringing together the geoscience, biomedical, and public health communities to solve a wide range of environmental health problems. Among the Medical Geology described in this review are examples of both deficiency and toxicity of trace element exposure. Goiter is a widespread and potentially serious health problem caused by deficiency of iodine. In many locations the deficiency is attributable to low concentrations of iodine in the bedrock. Similarly, deficiency of selenium in the soil has been cited as the principal cause of juvenile cardiomyopathy and muscular abnormalities. Overexposure to arsenic is one of the most widespread Medical Geology problems affecting more than one hundred million people in Bangladesh, India, China, Europe, Africa and North and South America. The arsenic exposure is primarily due to naturally high levels in groundwa...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":86016295,"asset_id":79232604,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":54350217,"first_name":"Robert","last_name":"Finkelman","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RobertFinkelman","display_name":"Robert Finkelman","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RobertFinkelman?f_ri=7403","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":406,"name":"Geology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geology?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":6227,"name":"Arsenic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arsenic?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":120641,"name":"Drinking Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drinking_Water?f_ri=7403"},{"id":176798,"name":"South America","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_America?f_ri=7403"},{"id":268788,"name":"Human health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_health?f_ri=7403"},{"id":387476,"name":"Health Problems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Problems?f_ri=7403"},{"id":709300,"name":"Trace element","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trace_element?f_ri=7403"},{"id":828727,"name":"Vector Borne Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vector_Borne_Disease?f_ri=7403"},{"id":1256744,"name":"Organic Compound","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Compound?f_ri=7403"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_78241855" data-work_id="78241855" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/78241855/Perceived_Noise_Pollution_and_Self_Reported_Health_Status_among_Adult_Population_of_Bangladesh">Perceived Noise Pollution and Self-Reported Health Status among Adult Population of Bangladesh</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Despite the public health concern, there is a dearth of research regarding perceived noise pollution and noise-related health status in Bangladesh. This study was carried out to evaluate the noise-related health status among Bangladesh’s... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_78241855" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Despite the public health concern, there is a dearth of research regarding perceived noise pollution and noise-related health status in Bangladesh. This study was carried out to evaluate the noise-related health status among Bangladesh’s adult population. 1386 adult Bangladeshis participated in an online survey. A linear regression model was used to evaluate overall noise-related health status determinants. 91% of the survey population reported noisy environments in their neighborhood, with the majority reporting two types (34%) of noise pollution sources. Road vehicles (38%) and construction activities (24%) were identified as significant source of noise pollution. The Bangladeshis are primarily exposed to noise during school and office hours. Socio-demographic information, perceived noise pollution and individual views towards noise pollution were examined as determinants of noise-related health problems. Females were found to be more impacted than males, and young people also exp...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/78241855" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="76c0c4325e29a3a0fd3ec2c094cff8d5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":85357232,"asset_id":78241855,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/85357232/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzNjk2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="53264061" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FProva">Farah Tasnim</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="53264061" type="text/json">{"id":53264061,"first_name":"Farah","last_name":"Tasnim","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FProva","display_name":"Farah Tasnim","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FProva?f_ri=7403","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/53264061/14540267/19288892/s65_farah.prova.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_78241855 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="78241855"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 78241855, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_78241855", }); 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This study was carried out to evaluate the noise-related health status among Bangladesh’s adult population. 1386 adult Bangladeshis participated in an online survey. A linear regression model was used to evaluate overall noise-related health status determinants. 91% of the survey population reported noisy environments in their neighborhood, with the majority reporting two types (34%) of noise pollution sources. Road vehicles (38%) and construction activities (24%) were identified as significant source of noise pollution. The Bangladeshis are primarily exposed to noise during school and office hours. Socio-demographic information, perceived noise pollution and individual views towards noise pollution were examined as determinants of noise-related health problems. Females were found to be more impacted than males, and young people also exp...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":85357232,"asset_id":78241855,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":53264061,"first_name":"Farah","last_name":"Tasnim","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FProva","display_name":"Farah Tasnim","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FProva?f_ri=7403","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/53264061/14540267/19288892/s65_farah.prova.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":85038,"name":"Environmental public health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_public_health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":255925,"name":"Noise Pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Noise_Pollution?f_ri=7403"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_77404179" data-work_id="77404179" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/77404179/Farmers_Knowledge_Practices_and_Perceived_Health_Symptoms_Associated_with_Pesticides_used_in_Thimi_Bhaktapur_Nepal">Farmers Knowledge, Practices and Perceived Health Symptoms Associated with Pesticides used in Thimi, Bhaktapur, Nepal</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: All over the world, the use of pesticides is considered the most attractive method of controlling pests which involves less labor and characterizes higher output per hectare of land. I aim to study to assess Farmers Knowledge... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_77404179" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: All over the world, the use of pesticides is considered the most attractive method of controlling pests which involves less labor and characterizes higher output per hectare of land. I aim to study to assess Farmers Knowledge and Practices of Pesticides used and self-reported health systems associated with pesticides used in Thimi, Bhaktapur. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among farmers of Thimi, Bhaktapur. 210 farmers were enrolled in the study. Data collection involved a self-prepared questionnaire to farmers and information was collected by face to face interviews. Socio demographics status, unsafe pesticide handling practices of pesticide storage, conditions of personal protective equipment (PPE) was assessed as per the questionnaires. Results: Out of 210 farmers, who participated in the study, 70% were male and 30% were female. Majority 87% of farmers couldn’t read and write. Knowledge regarding the personal protective equipment was known to 85...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/77404179" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bc0d76397c3aec214b80af21e102e5f1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":84763018,"asset_id":77404179,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/84763018/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzNjk2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="40704525" href="https://independent.academia.edu/sainju">ruchita sainju</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="40704525" type="text/json">{"id":40704525,"first_name":"ruchita","last_name":"sainju","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"sainju","display_name":"ruchita sainju","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/sainju?f_ri=7403","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/40704525/24405847/23320428/s65_ruchita.sainju.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_77404179 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="77404179"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 77404179, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_77404179", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=77404179]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_77404179").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_77404179").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="77404179"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7403" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health">Environmental Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7403" type="text/json">{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="65590" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pesticide">Pesticide</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="65590" type="text/json">{"id":65590,"name":"Pesticide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pesticide?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=77404179]'), work: {"id":77404179,"title":"Farmers Knowledge, Practices and Perceived Health Symptoms Associated with Pesticides used in Thimi, Bhaktapur, Nepal","created_at":"2022-04-23T18:02:56.419-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/77404179/Farmers_Knowledge_Practices_and_Perceived_Health_Symptoms_Associated_with_Pesticides_used_in_Thimi_Bhaktapur_Nepal?f_ri=7403","dom_id":"work_77404179","summary":"Background: All over the world, the use of pesticides is considered the most attractive method of controlling pests which involves less labor and characterizes higher output per hectare of land. I aim to study to assess Farmers Knowledge and Practices of Pesticides used and self-reported health systems associated with pesticides used in Thimi, Bhaktapur. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among farmers of Thimi, Bhaktapur. 210 farmers were enrolled in the study. Data collection involved a self-prepared questionnaire to farmers and information was collected by face to face interviews. Socio demographics status, unsafe pesticide handling practices of pesticide storage, conditions of personal protective equipment (PPE) was assessed as per the questionnaires. Results: Out of 210 farmers, who participated in the study, 70% were male and 30% were female. Majority 87% of farmers couldn’t read and write. Knowledge regarding the personal protective equipment was known to 85...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":84763018,"asset_id":77404179,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":40704525,"first_name":"ruchita","last_name":"sainju","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"sainju","display_name":"ruchita sainju","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/sainju?f_ri=7403","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/40704525/24405847/23320428/s65_ruchita.sainju.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":65590,"name":"Pesticide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pesticide?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_73275466" data-work_id="73275466" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/73275466/Crossing_the_Line_Human_Disease_and_Climate_Change_across_Borders">Crossing the Line: Human Disease and Climate Change across Borders</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Author(s): Cat, Linh A; Gorris, Morgan E; Randerson, James T; Riquelme, Meritxell; Treseder, Kathleen K</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/73275466" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="57ee8ab3e52331c70938f3c25dfc9791" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":81858323,"asset_id":73275466,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81858323/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzNjk2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33313965" href="https://cicese.academia.edu/MeritxellRiquelme">Meritxell Riquelme</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33313965" type="text/json">{"id":33313965,"first_name":"Meritxell","last_name":"Riquelme","domain_name":"cicese","page_name":"MeritxellRiquelme","display_name":"Meritxell Riquelme","profile_url":"https://cicese.academia.edu/MeritxellRiquelme?f_ri=7403","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33313965/17731163/17764352/s65_meritxell.riquelme.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_73275466 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="73275466"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 73275466, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_73275466", }); 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Historically expressible only in prokaryotes, the lux operon was re-synthesized through a process of multibicistronic, codon-optimization to demonstrate for the first time self-directed bioluminescence emission in a mammalian HEK293 cell line in vitro and in vivo. Methodology/Principal Findings: Autonomous in vitro light production was shown to be 12-fold greater than the observable background associated with untransfected control cells. The availability of reduced riboflavin phosphate (FMNH 2) was identified as the limiting bioluminescence substrate in the mammalian cell environment even after the addition of a constitutively expressed flavin reductase gene (frp) from Vibrio harveyi. FMNH 2 supplementation led to a 151fold increase in bioluminescence in cells expressing mammalian codon-optimized luxCDE and frp genes. When injected subcutaneously into nude mice, in vivo optical imaging permitted near instantaneous light detection that persisted independently for the 60 min length of the assay with negligible background. Conclusions/Significance: The speed, longevity, and self-sufficiency of lux expression in the mammalian cellular environment provides a viable and powerful alternative for real-time target visualization not currently offered by existing bioluminescent and fluorescent imaging technologies.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/54438392" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="798939804232c7f3a02c68cb76d9c844" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":70805094,"asset_id":54438392,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/70805094/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzNjk2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="31088772" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GarySayler">Gary Sayler</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="31088772" type="text/json">{"id":31088772,"first_name":"Gary","last_name":"Sayler","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GarySayler","display_name":"Gary Sayler","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GarySayler?f_ri=7403","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_54438392 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="54438392"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 54438392, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_54438392", }); 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Historically expressible only in prokaryotes, the lux operon was re-synthesized through a process of multibicistronic, codon-optimization to demonstrate for the first time self-directed bioluminescence emission in a mammalian HEK293 cell line in vitro and in vivo. Methodology/Principal Findings: Autonomous in vitro light production was shown to be 12-fold greater than the observable background associated with untransfected control cells. The availability of reduced riboflavin phosphate (FMNH 2) was identified as the limiting bioluminescence substrate in the mammalian cell environment even after the addition of a constitutively expressed flavin reductase gene (frp) from Vibrio harveyi. FMNH 2 supplementation led to a 151fold increase in bioluminescence in cells expressing mammalian codon-optimized luxCDE and frp genes. When injected subcutaneously into nude mice, in vivo optical imaging permitted near instantaneous light detection that persisted independently for the 60 min length of the assay with negligible background. Conclusions/Significance: The speed, longevity, and self-sufficiency of lux expression in the mammalian cellular environment provides a viable and powerful alternative for real-time target visualization not currently offered by existing bioluminescent and fluorescent imaging technologies.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":70805094,"asset_id":54438392,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":31088772,"first_name":"Gary","last_name":"Sayler","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GarySayler","display_name":"Gary Sayler","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GarySayler?f_ri=7403","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2513,"name":"Molecular Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Biology?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":19632,"name":"Molecular 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Administration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Policy_and_Administration?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":353593,"name":"ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ENVIRONMENTAL_AND_OCCUPATIONAL_HEALTH?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=7403"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_79416260" data-work_id="79416260" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/79416260/Spatial_temporal_and_demographic_patterns_in_prevalence_of_smoking_tobacco_use_and_attributable_disease_burden_in_204_countries_and_territories_1990_2019_a_systematic_analysis_from_the_Global_Burden_of_Disease_Study_2019">Spatial, temporal, and demographic patterns in prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background Ending the global tobacco epidemic is a defining challenge in global health. Timely and comprehensive estimates of the prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden are needed to guide tobacco control... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_79416260" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background Ending the global tobacco epidemic is a defining challenge in global health. Timely and comprehensive estimates of the prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden are needed to guide tobacco control efforts nationally and globally. Methods We estimated the prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden for 204 countries and territories, by age and sex, from 1990 to 2019 as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study. We modelled multiple smoking-related indicators from 3625 nationally representative surveys. We completed systematic reviews and did Bayesian meta-regressions for 36 causally linked health outcomes to estimate non-linear dose-response risk curves for current and former smokers. We used a direct estimation approach to estimate attributable burden, providing more comprehensive estimates of the health effects of smoking than previously available. Findings Globally in 2019, 1•14 billion (95% uncertainty interval 1•13-1•16) individuals were current smokers, who consumed 7•41 trillion (7•11-7•74) cigarette-equivalents of tobacco in 2019. Although prevalence of smoking had decreased significantly since 1990 among both males (27•5% [26•5-28•5] reduction) and females (37•7% [35•4-39•9] reduction) aged 15 years and older, population growth has led to a significant increase in the total number of smokers from 0•99 billion (0•98-1•00) in 1990. Globally in 2019, smoking tobacco use accounted for 7•69 million (7•16-8•20) deaths and 200 million (185-214) disability-adjusted life-years, and was the leading risk factor for death among males (20•2% [19•3-21•1] of male deaths). 6•68 million [86•9%] of 7•69 million deaths attributable to smoking tobacco use were among current smokers. Interpretation In the absence of intervention, the annual toll of 7•69 million deaths and 200 million disability-adjusted life-years attributable to smoking will increase over the coming decades. Substantial progress in reducing the prevalence of smoking tobacco use has been observed in countries from all regions and at all stages of development, but a large implementation gap remains for tobacco control. Countries have a clear and urgent opportunity to pass strong, evidencebased policies to accelerate reductions in the prevalence of smoking and reap massive health benefits for their citizens. Funding Bloomberg Philanthropies and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/79416260" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="333cffc4907b09fba50c6a282fb28939" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":86139188,"asset_id":79416260,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86139188/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzNjk2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7800861" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MendozaWalter">Walter Mendoza</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7800861" type="text/json">{"id":7800861,"first_name":"Walter","last_name":"Mendoza","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MendozaWalter","display_name":"Walter Mendoza","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MendozaWalter?f_ri=7403","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7800861/14547790/15418635/s65_walter.mendoza.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_79416260 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="79416260"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 79416260, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_79416260", }); 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Timely and comprehensive estimates of the prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden are needed to guide tobacco control efforts nationally and globally. Methods We estimated the prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden for 204 countries and territories, by age and sex, from 1990 to 2019 as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study. We modelled multiple smoking-related indicators from 3625 nationally representative surveys. We completed systematic reviews and did Bayesian meta-regressions for 36 causally linked health outcomes to estimate non-linear dose-response risk curves for current and former smokers. We used a direct estimation approach to estimate attributable burden, providing more comprehensive estimates of the health effects of smoking than previously available. Findings Globally in 2019, 1•14 billion (95% uncertainty interval 1•13-1•16) individuals were current smokers, who consumed 7•41 trillion (7•11-7•74) cigarette-equivalents of tobacco in 2019. Although prevalence of smoking had decreased significantly since 1990 among both males (27•5% [26•5-28•5] reduction) and females (37•7% [35•4-39•9] reduction) aged 15 years and older, population growth has led to a significant increase in the total number of smokers from 0•99 billion (0•98-1•00) in 1990. Globally in 2019, smoking tobacco use accounted for 7•69 million (7•16-8•20) deaths and 200 million (185-214) disability-adjusted life-years, and was the leading risk factor for death among males (20•2% [19•3-21•1] of male deaths). 6•68 million [86•9%] of 7•69 million deaths attributable to smoking tobacco use were among current smokers. Interpretation In the absence of intervention, the annual toll of 7•69 million deaths and 200 million disability-adjusted life-years attributable to smoking will increase over the coming decades. Substantial progress in reducing the prevalence of smoking tobacco use has been observed in countries from all regions and at all stages of development, but a large implementation gap remains for tobacco control. Countries have a clear and urgent opportunity to pass strong, evidencebased policies to accelerate reductions in the prevalence of smoking and reap massive health benefits for their citizens. Funding Bloomberg Philanthropies and the Bill \u0026 Melinda Gates Foundation.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":86139188,"asset_id":79416260,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7800861,"first_name":"Walter","last_name":"Mendoza","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MendozaWalter","display_name":"Walter Mendoza","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MendozaWalter?f_ri=7403","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7800861/14547790/15418635/s65_walter.mendoza.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4990,"name":"Global Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":897823,"name":"Elsevier","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elsevier?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":3094070,"name":"The Lancet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Lancet?f_ri=7403"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=7403"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_76425251" data-work_id="76425251" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/76425251/Communicable_Diseases_of_Community_Importance_an_Epidemiological_Overview">Communicable Diseases of Community Importance _ an Epidemiological Overview</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Communicable diseases continue to pose a threat to the health of Singaporeans. Despite advances in medical science and the implementation of good public health infrastructure and hygiene measures, new and old diseases continue to emerge... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_76425251" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Communicable diseases continue to pose a threat to the health of Singaporeans. Despite advances in medical science and the implementation of good public health infrastructure and hygiene measures, new and old diseases continue to emerge and re-emerge. Family physicians are often the first point of contact for patients infected with communicable diseases. Understanding the epidemiology of communicable diseases in the community would enable the family physician to better manage, prevent and control these ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/76425251" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a91128a4c156ce4698baf47be6288d7a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":84137694,"asset_id":76425251,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/84137694/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzNjk2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="39603895" href="https://independent.academia.edu/chowangela">angela chow</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="39603895" type="text/json">{"id":39603895,"first_name":"angela","last_name":"chow","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"chowangela","display_name":"angela chow","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/chowangela?f_ri=7403","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_76425251 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="76425251"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 76425251, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_76425251", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76425251]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_76425251").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_76425251").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="76425251"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1085" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiology">Epidemiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1085" type="text/json">{"id":1085,"name":"Epidemiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiology?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7403" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health">Environmental Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7403" type="text/json">{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13734" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communicable_Diseases">Communicable Diseases</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13734" type="text/json">{"id":13734,"name":"Communicable Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communicable_Diseases?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16288" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health">Public Health</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="16288" type="text/json">{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=76425251]'), work: {"id":76425251,"title":"Communicable Diseases of Community Importance _ an Epidemiological Overview","created_at":"2022-04-14T06:21:18.307-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/76425251/Communicable_Diseases_of_Community_Importance_an_Epidemiological_Overview?f_ri=7403","dom_id":"work_76425251","summary":"Communicable diseases continue to pose a threat to the health of Singaporeans. Despite advances in medical science and the implementation of good public health infrastructure and hygiene measures, new and old diseases continue to emerge and re-emerge. Family physicians are often the first point of contact for patients infected with communicable diseases. Understanding the epidemiology of communicable diseases in the community would enable the family physician to better manage, prevent and control these ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":84137694,"asset_id":76425251,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":39603895,"first_name":"angela","last_name":"chow","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"chowangela","display_name":"angela chow","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/chowangela?f_ri=7403","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1085,"name":"Epidemiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiology?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":13734,"name":"Communicable Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communicable_Diseases?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=7403"},{"id":517443,"name":"Infection prevention and control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infection_prevention_and_control?f_ri=7403"},{"id":815067,"name":"Family Physician","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Family_Physician?f_ri=7403"},{"id":3006204,"name":"Prevention and Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prevention_and_Control?f_ri=7403"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_72234239" data-work_id="72234239" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/72234239/Impacts_of_climate_variability_and_future_climate_change_on_harmful_algal_blooms_and_human_health">Impacts of climate variability and future climate change on harmful algal blooms and human health</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Anthropogenically-derived increases in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations have been implicated in recent climate change, and are projected to substantially impact the climate on a global scale in the future. For marine and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_72234239" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Anthropogenically-derived increases in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations have been implicated in recent climate change, and are projected to substantially impact the climate on a global scale in the future. For marine and freshwater systems, increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases are expected to increase surface temperatures, lower pH, and cause changes to vertical mixing, upwelling, precipitation, and evaporation patterns. The potential consequences of these changes for harmful algal blooms (HABs) have received relatively little attention and are not well understood. Given the apparent increase in HABs around the world and the potential for greater problems as a result of climate change and ocean acidification, substantial research is needed to evaluate the direct and indirect associations between HABs, climate change, ocean acidification, and human health. This research will require a multidisciplinary approach utilizing expertise in climatology, oceanography, biology, epidemiology, and other disciplines. We review the interactions between selected patterns of large-scale climate variability and climate change, oceanic conditions, and harmful algae.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/72234239" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="552ba55c2f0b1ccf9e3d649e9050fd32" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":81243203,"asset_id":72234239,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81243203/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzNjk2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32579169" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LoraFleming">Lora Fleming</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32579169" type="text/json">{"id":32579169,"first_name":"Lora","last_name":"Fleming","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LoraFleming","display_name":"Lora Fleming","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LoraFleming?f_ri=7403","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_72234239 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="72234239"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 72234239, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_72234239", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=72234239]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_72234239").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_72234239").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="72234239"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1512" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change">Climate Change</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1512" type="text/json">{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4753" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_variability">Climate variability</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4753" type="text/json">{"id":4753,"name":"Climate variability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_variability?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7403" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health">Environmental Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7403" type="text/json">{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26181" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eutrophication">Eutrophication</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="26181" type="text/json">{"id":26181,"name":"Eutrophication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eutrophication?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=72234239]'), work: {"id":72234239,"title":"Impacts of climate variability and future climate change on harmful algal blooms and human health","created_at":"2022-02-22T08:11:20.114-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/72234239/Impacts_of_climate_variability_and_future_climate_change_on_harmful_algal_blooms_and_human_health?f_ri=7403","dom_id":"work_72234239","summary":"Anthropogenically-derived increases in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations have been implicated in recent climate change, and are projected to substantially impact the climate on a global scale in the future. For marine and freshwater systems, increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases are expected to increase surface temperatures, lower pH, and cause changes to vertical mixing, upwelling, precipitation, and evaporation patterns. The potential consequences of these changes for harmful algal blooms (HABs) have received relatively little attention and are not well understood. Given the apparent increase in HABs around the world and the potential for greater problems as a result of climate change and ocean acidification, substantial research is needed to evaluate the direct and indirect associations between HABs, climate change, ocean acidification, and human health. This research will require a multidisciplinary approach utilizing expertise in climatology, oceanography, biology, epidemiology, and other disciplines. We review the interactions between selected patterns of large-scale climate variability and climate change, oceanic conditions, and harmful algae.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":81243203,"asset_id":72234239,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32579169,"first_name":"Lora","last_name":"Fleming","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LoraFleming","display_name":"Lora Fleming","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LoraFleming?f_ri=7403","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":4753,"name":"Climate variability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_variability?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":26181,"name":"Eutrophication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eutrophication?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":68527,"name":"Ocean acidification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ocean_acidification?f_ri=7403"},{"id":133294,"name":"Land Surface Temperature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Land_Surface_Temperature?f_ri=7403"},{"id":184467,"name":"Seawater","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seawater?f_ri=7403"},{"id":194796,"name":"Marine Toxins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Toxins?f_ri=7403"},{"id":251654,"name":"Greenhouse Gas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Gas?f_ri=7403"},{"id":268788,"name":"Human health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_health?f_ri=7403"},{"id":354794,"name":"Greenhouse gases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_gases?f_ri=7403"},{"id":369458,"name":"Greenhouse Effect","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Effect?f_ri=7403"},{"id":373754,"name":"Ecosystem","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecosystem?f_ri=7403"},{"id":439435,"name":"Fresh water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fresh_water?f_ri=7403"},{"id":445473,"name":"Harmful Algal bloom","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Harmful_Algal_bloom?f_ri=7403"},{"id":758278,"name":"Large Scale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Large_Scale?f_ri=7403"},{"id":816534,"name":"Multidisciplinary Approach","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary_Approach?f_ri=7403"},{"id":2579578,"name":"surface temperature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/surface_temperature?f_ri=7403"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_70080961" data-work_id="70080961" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/70080961/A_New_Multipollutant_No_Threshold_Air_Quality_Health_Index_Based_on_Short_Term_Associations_Observed_in_Daily_Time_Series_Analyses">A New Multipollutant, No-Threshold Air Quality Health Index Based on Short-Term Associations Observed in Daily Time-Series Analyses</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Air quality indices currently in use have been criticized because they do not capture additive effects of multiple pollutants, or reflect the apparent no-threshold concentration-response relationship between air pollution and health. We... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_70080961" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Air quality indices currently in use have been criticized because they do not capture additive effects of multiple pollutants, or reflect the apparent no-threshold concentration-response relationship between air pollution and health. We propose a new air quality health index (AQHI), constructed as the sum of excess mortality risk associated with individual pollutants from a time-series analysis of air pollution and</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/70080961" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2a49c215e639edf71ffccb88b64a1060" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":79952334,"asset_id":70080961,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/79952334/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzNjk2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="143503116" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MartelloDonald">Donald Martello</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="143503116" type="text/json">{"id":143503116,"first_name":"Donald","last_name":"Martello","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MartelloDonald","display_name":"Donald Martello","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MartelloDonald?f_ri=7403","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_70080961 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="70080961"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 70080961, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_70080961", }); 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We propose a new air quality health index (AQHI), constructed as the sum of excess mortality risk associated with individual pollutants from a time-series analysis of air pollution and","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":79952334,"asset_id":70080961,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":143503116,"first_name":"Donald","last_name":"Martello","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MartelloDonald","display_name":"Donald Martello","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MartelloDonald?f_ri=7403","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":428,"name":"Algorithms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":896,"name":"Air Quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Air_Quality?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=7403"},{"id":11976,"name":"Air pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Air_pollution?f_ri=7403"},{"id":13460,"name":"Risk communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_communication?f_ri=7403"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=7403"},{"id":54114,"name":"Canada","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Canada?f_ri=7403"},{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=7403"},{"id":151091,"name":"Nitrogen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nitrogen?f_ri=7403"},{"id":313752,"name":"Gold Standard","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gold_Standard?f_ri=7403"},{"id":380824,"name":"Ozone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ozone?f_ri=7403"},{"id":518609,"name":"Particulate Matter","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Particulate_Matter?f_ri=7403"},{"id":749302,"name":"Indexation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indexation?f_ri=7403"},{"id":997161,"name":"Health Effect","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Effect?f_ri=7403"},{"id":1014147,"name":"Nitrogen Dioxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nitrogen_Dioxide?f_ri=7403"},{"id":1656539,"name":"Air Pollutants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Air_Pollutants?f_ri=7403"},{"id":1692931,"name":"Mortality Risk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mortality_Risk?f_ri=7403"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_68511402" data-work_id="68511402" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68511402/Human_fatalities_from_cyanobacteria_Chemical_and_biological_evidence_for_cyanotoxins">Human fatalities from cyanobacteria: Chemical and biological evidence for cyanotoxins</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">An outbreak of acute liver failure occurred at a dialysis center in Caruaru, Brazil (8 degrees 17&#x27;S, 35 degrees 58&#x27;W), 134 km from Recife, the state capital of Pernambuco. At the clinic, 116 (89%) of 131 patients experienced... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_68511402" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">An outbreak of acute liver failure occurred at a dialysis center in Caruaru, Brazil (8 degrees 17&#x27;S, 35 degrees 58&#x27;W), 134 km from Recife, the state capital of Pernambuco. At the clinic, 116 (89%) of 131 patients experienced visual disturbances, nausea, and vomiting ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/68511402" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7ebba588f614c9a1c261cc4441d5a33b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":78959738,"asset_id":68511402,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78959738/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzNjk2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="56713823" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GeoffEaglesham">Geoff Eaglesham</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="56713823" type="text/json">{"id":56713823,"first_name":"Geoff","last_name":"Eaglesham","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GeoffEaglesham","display_name":"Geoff Eaglesham","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GeoffEaglesham?f_ri=7403","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_68511402 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="68511402"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 68511402, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_68511402", }); 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At the clinic, 116 (89%) of 131 patients experienced visual disturbances, nausea, and vomiting ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78959738,"asset_id":68511402,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":56713823,"first_name":"Geoff","last_name":"Eaglesham","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GeoffEaglesham","display_name":"Geoff Eaglesham","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GeoffEaglesham?f_ri=7403","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental 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$(".js-view-count-work_68302127").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="68302127"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="202" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Program_Evaluation">Program Evaluation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="202" type="text/json">{"id":202,"name":"Program Evaluation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Program_Evaluation?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1681" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decision_Making">Decision Making</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1681" type="text/json">{"id":1681,"name":"Decision Making","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decision_Making?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7403" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health">Environmental Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7403" type="text/json">{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16288" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health">Public Health</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="16288" type="text/json">{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=68302127]'), work: {"id":68302127,"title":"Policy and Practice Theme Papers","created_at":"2022-01-15T08:58:18.238-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/68302127/Policy_and_Practice_Theme_Papers?f_ri=7403","dom_id":"work_68302127","summary":"Health impact assessment of agriculture and food policies: lessons learnt from the Republic of Slovenia","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78825549,"asset_id":68302127,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":140167797,"first_name":"Aileen","last_name":"Robertson","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RobertsonAileen","display_name":"Aileen Robertson","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RobertsonAileen?f_ri=7403","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":202,"name":"Program Evaluation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Program_Evaluation?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":1681,"name":"Decision Making","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decision_Making?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":16664,"name":"Risk assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment?f_ri=7403"},{"id":54279,"name":"Policy making","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policy_making?f_ri=7403"},{"id":65140,"name":"Models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Models?f_ri=7403"},{"id":334454,"name":"Theoretical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theoretical?f_ri=7403"},{"id":473590,"name":"Mesh","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mesh?f_ri=7403"},{"id":622589,"name":"Risk Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Assessment-2?f_ri=7403"},{"id":1723635,"name":"Public Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Policy?f_ri=7403"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_66906982" data-work_id="66906982" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/66906982/Bladder_cancer_a_review_of_the_environmental_risk_factors">Bladder cancer, a review of the environmental risk factors</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: Many epidemiological studies and reviews have been performed to identify the causes of bladder cancer. The aim of this review is to investigate the links between various environmental risk factors and cancer of the bladder.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_66906982" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: Many epidemiological studies and reviews have been performed to identify the causes of bladder cancer. The aim of this review is to investigate the links between various environmental risk factors and cancer of the bladder. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Scholar Google and Russian Google databases to identify reviews and epidemiological studies on bladder cancer risk factors associated with the environment published between 1998 and 2010. Only literature discussing human studies was considered. Results: Smoking, mainly cigarette smoking, is a well known risk factor for various diseases, including bladder cancer. Another factor strongly associated with bladder cancer is exposure to arsenic in drinking water at concentrations higher than 300 µg/l. The most notable risk factor for development of bladder cancer is occupational exposure to aromatic amines (2-naphthylamine, 4-aminobiphenyl and benzidine) and 4,4'methylenebis(2-chloroaniline), which can be found in the products of the chemical, dye and rubber industries as well as in hair dyes, paints, fungicides, cigarette smoke, plastics, metals and motor vehicle exhaust. There are also data suggesting an effect from of other types of smoking besides cigarettes (cigar, pipe, Egyptian waterpipe, smokeless tobacco and environmental tobacco smoking), and other sources of arsenic exposure such as air, food, occupational hazards, and tobacco. Other studies show that hairdressers and barbers with occupational exposure to hair dyes experience enhanced risk of bladder cancer. For example, a study related to personal use of hair dyes demonstrates an elevated bladder cancer risk for people who used permanent hair dyes at least once a month, for one year or longer. Conclusion: Smoking, in particular from cigarettes, exposure to arsenic in drinking water, and occupational exposure to aromatic amines and 4,4'-methylenebis(2-chloroaniline) are well known risk factors for various diseases including bladder cancer. Although the number of chemicals related to occupational exposure is still growing, it is worth noting that it may take several years or decades between exposure and the subsequent cancer.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/66906982" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="497b654fa238b16cc8db77b4e0f4ea1c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":77924587,"asset_id":66906982,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77924587/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzNjk2NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="45512654" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ABartonova">Alena Bartonova</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="45512654" type="text/json">{"id":45512654,"first_name":"Alena","last_name":"Bartonova","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ABartonova","display_name":"Alena Bartonova","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ABartonova?f_ri=7403","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_66906982 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="66906982"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 66906982, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_66906982", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_66906982 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 66906982; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_66906982"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_66906982 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="66906982"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 66906982; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=66906982]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_66906982").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_66906982").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="66906982"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7403" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health">Environmental Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7403" type="text/json">{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="192721" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_factors">Risk factors</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="192721" type="text/json">{"id":192721,"name":"Risk factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_factors?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="620049" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Factors-1">Risk Factors</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="620049" type="text/json">{"id":620049,"name":"Risk Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Factors-1?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="736321" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Pollutants">Environmental Pollutants</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="736321" type="text/json">{"id":736321,"name":"Environmental Pollutants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Pollutants?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=66906982]'), work: {"id":66906982,"title":"Bladder cancer, a review of the environmental risk factors","created_at":"2022-01-02T23:38:25.924-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/66906982/Bladder_cancer_a_review_of_the_environmental_risk_factors?f_ri=7403","dom_id":"work_66906982","summary":"Background: Many epidemiological studies and reviews have been performed to identify the causes of bladder cancer. The aim of this review is to investigate the links between various environmental risk factors and cancer of the bladder. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Scholar Google and Russian Google databases to identify reviews and epidemiological studies on bladder cancer risk factors associated with the environment published between 1998 and 2010. Only literature discussing human studies was considered. Results: Smoking, mainly cigarette smoking, is a well known risk factor for various diseases, including bladder cancer. Another factor strongly associated with bladder cancer is exposure to arsenic in drinking water at concentrations higher than 300 µg/l. The most notable risk factor for development of bladder cancer is occupational exposure to aromatic amines (2-naphthylamine, 4-aminobiphenyl and benzidine) and 4,4'methylenebis(2-chloroaniline), which can be found in the products of the chemical, dye and rubber industries as well as in hair dyes, paints, fungicides, cigarette smoke, plastics, metals and motor vehicle exhaust. There are also data suggesting an effect from of other types of smoking besides cigarettes (cigar, pipe, Egyptian waterpipe, smokeless tobacco and environmental tobacco smoking), and other sources of arsenic exposure such as air, food, occupational hazards, and tobacco. Other studies show that hairdressers and barbers with occupational exposure to hair dyes experience enhanced risk of bladder cancer. For example, a study related to personal use of hair dyes demonstrates an elevated bladder cancer risk for people who used permanent hair dyes at least once a month, for one year or longer. Conclusion: Smoking, in particular from cigarettes, exposure to arsenic in drinking water, and occupational exposure to aromatic amines and 4,4'-methylenebis(2-chloroaniline) are well known risk factors for various diseases including bladder cancer. Although the number of chemicals related to occupational exposure is still growing, it is worth noting that it may take several years or decades between exposure and the subsequent cancer.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":77924587,"asset_id":66906982,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":45512654,"first_name":"Alena","last_name":"Bartonova","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ABartonova","display_name":"Alena Bartonova","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ABartonova?f_ri=7403","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":192721,"name":"Risk factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_factors?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":620049,"name":"Risk Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Factors-1?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":736321,"name":"Environmental Pollutants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Pollutants?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":1312021,"name":"Environmental Exposure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Exposure?f_ri=7403"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_56547097" data-work_id="56547097" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/56547097/Occurrence_and_distribution_of_arsenic_in_soils_and_plants">Occurrence and distribution of arsenic in soils and plants</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Inorganic arsenicals have been used in agriculture as pesticides or defoliants for many years and, in localized areas, oxides of arsenic have contaminated soils as a result of fallout from ore-smelting operations and coal-fired power... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_56547097" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Inorganic arsenicals have been used in agriculture as pesticides or defoliants for many years and, in localized areas, oxides of arsenic have contaminated soils as a result of fallout from ore-smelting operations and coal-fired power plants. Use of inorganic arsenicals is no longer permitted in most agricultural operations, and recent air pollution controls have markedly reduced contamination from smelters. Thus, this paper will concentrate on the effect of past applications on arsenic accumulation in soil, phytotoxicity to and uptake by plants as influenced by soil properties, and alleviation of the deleterious effects of arsenic. Once incorporated into the soil, inorganic arsenical pesticides and arsenic oxides revert to arsenates, except where the soil is under reducing conditions. The arsenate ion has properties similar to that of orthophosphate, and is readily sorbed by iron and aluminum components. This reaction greatly restricts the downward movement (leaching) of arsenic in soils and the availability of arsenic to plants. Several methods of estimating plant available arsenic in soils have been developed. They involve extraction of the soil with reagents used to estimate phosphorus availability. This extractable arsenic is reasonably well correlated with reduced plant growth by, and plant uptake of arsenic. For most plants, levels of arsenic in the edible portion of the plant are well below the critical concentration for animal or human consumption, even when severe phytotoxicity occurs. Alleviation of arsenic phytotoxicity has been attempted by increasing the soil pH, by use of iron or aluminum sulfate, by desorbing arsenate with phosphate and subsequent leaching, and by cultural practices such as deep plowing. Only limited benefits have accrued from these procedures the cost of which is often prohibitively high. Since attempts to reduce arsenic toxicity have not been very successful, its excessive accumulation in soils should be avoided.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/56547097" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="932dfc1998edffe21b03ce71d38ce5f1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":71881491,"asset_id":56547097,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/71881491/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzNjk2NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="49326260" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MalcolmSumner">Malcolm Sumner</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="49326260" type="text/json">{"id":49326260,"first_name":"Malcolm","last_name":"Sumner","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MalcolmSumner","display_name":"Malcolm Sumner","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MalcolmSumner?f_ri=7403","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_56547097 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="56547097"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 56547097, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_56547097", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_56547097 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 56547097; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_56547097"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_56547097 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="56547097"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 56547097; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=56547097]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_56547097").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_56547097").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="56547097"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6227" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arsenic">Arsenic</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6227" type="text/json">{"id":6227,"name":"Arsenic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arsenic?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7403" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health">Environmental Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7403" type="text/json">{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="53108" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phosphorus">Phosphorus</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="53108" type="text/json">{"id":53108,"name":"Phosphorus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phosphorus?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="58054" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences">Environmental Sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="58054" type="text/json">{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=56547097]'), work: {"id":56547097,"title":"Occurrence and distribution of arsenic in soils and plants","created_at":"2021-10-08T05:53:30.215-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/56547097/Occurrence_and_distribution_of_arsenic_in_soils_and_plants?f_ri=7403","dom_id":"work_56547097","summary":"Inorganic arsenicals have been used in agriculture as pesticides or defoliants for many years and, in localized areas, oxides of arsenic have contaminated soils as a result of fallout from ore-smelting operations and coal-fired power plants. Use of inorganic arsenicals is no longer permitted in most agricultural operations, and recent air pollution controls have markedly reduced contamination from smelters. Thus, this paper will concentrate on the effect of past applications on arsenic accumulation in soil, phytotoxicity to and uptake by plants as influenced by soil properties, and alleviation of the deleterious effects of arsenic. Once incorporated into the soil, inorganic arsenical pesticides and arsenic oxides revert to arsenates, except where the soil is under reducing conditions. The arsenate ion has properties similar to that of orthophosphate, and is readily sorbed by iron and aluminum components. This reaction greatly restricts the downward movement (leaching) of arsenic in soils and the availability of arsenic to plants. Several methods of estimating plant available arsenic in soils have been developed. They involve extraction of the soil with reagents used to estimate phosphorus availability. This extractable arsenic is reasonably well correlated with reduced plant growth by, and plant uptake of arsenic. For most plants, levels of arsenic in the edible portion of the plant are well below the critical concentration for animal or human consumption, even when severe phytotoxicity occurs. Alleviation of arsenic phytotoxicity has been attempted by increasing the soil pH, by use of iron or aluminum sulfate, by desorbing arsenate with phosphate and subsequent leaching, and by cultural practices such as deep plowing. Only limited benefits have accrued from these procedures the cost of which is often prohibitively high. Since attempts to reduce arsenic toxicity have not been very successful, its excessive accumulation in soils should be avoided.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":71881491,"asset_id":56547097,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":49326260,"first_name":"Malcolm","last_name":"Sumner","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MalcolmSumner","display_name":"Malcolm Sumner","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MalcolmSumner?f_ri=7403","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6227,"name":"Arsenic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arsenic?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":53108,"name":"Phosphorus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phosphorus?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":78231,"name":"Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil_Science_and_Agricultural_Chemistry?f_ri=7403"},{"id":127006,"name":"Plant growth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_growth?f_ri=7403"},{"id":158597,"name":"Iron","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iron?f_ri=7403"},{"id":298260,"name":"Wild edible plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wild_edible_plants?f_ri=7403"},{"id":541785,"name":"Phosphates","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phosphates?f_ri=7403"},{"id":596974,"name":"Agricultural and Food Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agricultural_and_Food_Chemistry?f_ri=7403"},{"id":1031016,"name":"Arsenic Poisoning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arsenic_Poisoning?f_ri=7403"},{"id":1365470,"name":"Soil Pollutants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil_Pollutants?f_ri=7403"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=7403"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_32053378" data-work_id="32053378" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32053378/Risk_Based_Consumption_Advice_for_Farmed_Atlantic_and_Wild_Pacific_Salmon_Contaminated_with_Dioxins_and_Dioxin_like_Compounds">Risk-Based Consumption Advice for Farmed Atlantic and Wild Pacific Salmon Contaminated with Dioxins and Dioxin-like Compounds</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We reported recently that several organic contaminants occurred at elevated concentrations in farmed Atlantic salmon compared with concentrations of the same contaminants in wild Pacific salmon [Hites et al. Science 303:226-229 (2004)].... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_32053378" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We reported recently that several organic contaminants occurred at elevated concentrations in farmed Atlantic salmon compared with concentrations of the same contaminants in wild Pacific salmon [Hites et al. Science 303:226-229 (2004)]. We also found that polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), toxaphene, dieldrin, dioxins, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers occurred at higher concentrations in European farm-raised salmon than in farmed salmon from North and South America. Health risks (based on a quantitative cancer risk assessment) associated with consumption of farmed salmon contaminated with PCBs, toxaphene, and dieldrin were higher than risks associated with exposure to the same contaminants in wild salmon. Here we present information on cancer and noncancer health risks of exposure to dioxins in farmed and wild salmon. The analysis is based on a tolerable intake level for dioxin-like compounds established by the World Health Organization and on risk estimates for human exposure to dioxins developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Consumption of farmed salmon at relatively low frequencies results in elevated exposure to dioxins and dioxin-like compounds with commensurate elevation in estimates of health risk. Key words: dioxins, risk-based consumption advice, salmon. Environ Health Perspect 113:552-556 (2005). doi:10.1289/ehp.7626 available via <a href="http://dx.doi.org/" rel="nofollow">http://dx.doi.org/</a> [Online 9 February 2005]</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/32053378" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7d3527a44ff864957ec8ab1b41957743" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52314256,"asset_id":32053378,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52314256/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzNjk2NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="62103420" href="https://cornell.academia.edu/StevenSchwager">Steven J Schwager</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="62103420" type="text/json">{"id":62103420,"first_name":"Steven","last_name":"Schwager","domain_name":"cornell","page_name":"StevenSchwager","display_name":"Steven J Schwager","profile_url":"https://cornell.academia.edu/StevenSchwager?f_ri=7403","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_32053378 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="32053378"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32053378, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_32053378", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_32053378 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32053378; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_32053378"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_32053378 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="32053378"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32053378; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32053378]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_32053378").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_32053378").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="32053378"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7403" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health">Environmental Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7403" type="text/json">{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9478" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diet">Diet</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9478" type="text/json">{"id":9478,"name":"Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diet?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16288" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health">Public Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16288" type="text/json">{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16664" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment">Risk assessment</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="16664" type="text/json">{"id":16664,"name":"Risk assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=32053378]'), work: {"id":32053378,"title":"Risk-Based Consumption Advice for Farmed Atlantic and Wild Pacific Salmon Contaminated with Dioxins and Dioxin-like Compounds","created_at":"2017-03-26T10:19:51.454-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/32053378/Risk_Based_Consumption_Advice_for_Farmed_Atlantic_and_Wild_Pacific_Salmon_Contaminated_with_Dioxins_and_Dioxin_like_Compounds?f_ri=7403","dom_id":"work_32053378","summary":"We reported recently that several organic contaminants occurred at elevated concentrations in farmed Atlantic salmon compared with concentrations of the same contaminants in wild Pacific salmon [Hites et al. Science 303:226-229 (2004)]. We also found that polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), toxaphene, dieldrin, dioxins, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers occurred at higher concentrations in European farm-raised salmon than in farmed salmon from North and South America. Health risks (based on a quantitative cancer risk assessment) associated with consumption of farmed salmon contaminated with PCBs, toxaphene, and dieldrin were higher than risks associated with exposure to the same contaminants in wild salmon. Here we present information on cancer and noncancer health risks of exposure to dioxins in farmed and wild salmon. The analysis is based on a tolerable intake level for dioxin-like compounds established by the World Health Organization and on risk estimates for human exposure to dioxins developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Consumption of farmed salmon at relatively low frequencies results in elevated exposure to dioxins and dioxin-like compounds with commensurate elevation in estimates of health risk. Key words: dioxins, risk-based consumption advice, salmon. Environ Health Perspect 113:552-556 (2005). doi:10.1289/ehp.7626 available via http://dx.doi.org/ [Online 9 February 2005]","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52314256,"asset_id":32053378,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":62103420,"first_name":"Steven","last_name":"Schwager","domain_name":"cornell","page_name":"StevenSchwager","display_name":"Steven J Schwager","profile_url":"https://cornell.academia.edu/StevenSchwager?f_ri=7403","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":9478,"name":"Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diet?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":16664,"name":"Risk assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":23848,"name":"Aquaculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aquaculture?f_ri=7403"},{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=7403"},{"id":93497,"name":"Atlantic Ocean","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atlantic_Ocean?f_ri=7403"},{"id":149539,"name":"Polychlorinated Biphenyls","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polychlorinated_Biphenyls?f_ri=7403"},{"id":164918,"name":"Salmon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Salmon?f_ri=7403"},{"id":199148,"name":"Pacific Salmon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pacific_Salmon?f_ri=7403"},{"id":531383,"name":"Captive Wild Animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Captive_Wild_Animals?f_ri=7403"},{"id":554355,"name":"Pacific ocean","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pacific_ocean?f_ri=7403"},{"id":570860,"name":"Food Contamination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Contamination?f_ri=7403"},{"id":622589,"name":"Risk Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Assessment-2?f_ri=7403"},{"id":736321,"name":"Environmental Pollutants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Pollutants?f_ri=7403"},{"id":1771072,"name":"Dioxins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dioxins?f_ri=7403"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1007839" data-work_id="1007839" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1007839/Asthma_and_air_pollution_in_the_Bronx_methodological_and_data_considerations_in_using_GIS_for_environmental_justice_and_health_research">Asthma and air pollution in the Bronx: methodological and data considerations in using GIS for environmental justice and health research</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper examines methods of environmental justice assessment with Geographic Information Systems, using research on the spatial correspondence between asthma and air pollution in the Bronx, New York City as a case study. Issues of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1007839" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper examines methods of environmental justice assessment with Geographic Information Systems, using research on the spatial correspondence between asthma and air pollution in the Bronx, New York City as a case study. Issues of spatial extent and resolution, the selection of environmental burdens to analyze, data and methodological limitations, and different approaches to delineating exposure are discussed in the context of the asthma study, which, through proximity analysis, found that people living near (within specified distance buffers) noxious land uses were up to 66 percent more likely to be hospitalized for asthma, and were 30 percent more likely to be poor and 13 percent more likely to be a minority than those outside the buffers. r</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1007839" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5ffa49e0a42fbd881a45afeabf94b206" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51135109,"asset_id":1007839,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51135109/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzNjk2NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="72986" href="https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/JulianaMaantay">Juliana Maantay</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="72986" type="text/json">{"id":72986,"first_name":"Juliana","last_name":"Maantay","domain_name":"gc-cuny","page_name":"JulianaMaantay","display_name":"Juliana Maantay","profile_url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/JulianaMaantay?f_ri=7403","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1007839 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1007839"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1007839, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1007839", }); 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Issues of spatial extent and resolution, the selection of environmental burdens to analyze, data and methodological limitations, and different approaches to delineating exposure are discussed in the context of the asthma study, which, through proximity analysis, found that people living near (within specified distance buffers) noxious land uses were up to 66 percent more likely to be hospitalized for asthma, and were 30 percent more likely to be poor and 13 percent more likely to be a minority than those outside the buffers. r","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51135109,"asset_id":1007839,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":72986,"first_name":"Juliana","last_name":"Maantay","domain_name":"gc-cuny","page_name":"JulianaMaantay","display_name":"Juliana Maantay","profile_url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/JulianaMaantay?f_ri=7403","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":262,"name":"Human 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href="https://www.academia.edu/10263055/Estrogenicity_of_resin_based_composites_and_sealants_used_in_dentistry">Estrogenicity of resin-based composites and sealants used in dentistry</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10263055" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="88e6113de26d4753c93730dc8f60cbbc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47464032,"asset_id":10263055,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm 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class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="10263055"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7403" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health">Environmental Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7403" type="text/json">{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="58054" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences">Environmental Sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="58054" type="text/json">{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental 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Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_25214285" data-work_id="25214285" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25214285/Paediatric_environmental_health_speciality_units_in_Europe_Integrating_a_missing_element_into_medical_care">Paediatric environmental health speciality units in Europe: Integrating a missing element into medical care</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Paediatricians are in an excellent position to identify children with environmental risk, to advise their parents about the best way of reducing or preventing such risks, and to recommend actions to the responsible politicians involved.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_25214285" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Paediatricians are in an excellent position to identify children with environmental risk, to advise their parents about the best way of reducing or preventing such risks, and to recommend actions to the responsible politicians involved. Paediatric environmental health speciality units (PEHSU) can help to qualify and support paediatricians in this task. PEHSU is defined as a unit within a paediatric hospital or clinic that is able to recognize, assess, and prevent environment-related health risks, to help other paediatric specialists in the management of such diseases in children, as well as to provide education, training, and research, putting emphasis on thorough and adequate establishment of paediatric environmental histories (PEHis) and to the application of the precautionary principle. Although activities and services provided by each PEHSU would differ depending on the centre or community where it is located, all should include training, research, medical care and community and school health.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25214285" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3a3c82ec44052c5dedd774b2123ee79a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45713387,"asset_id":25214285,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45713387/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzNjk2NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="48320352" href="https://independent.academia.edu/juangarcia564">juan garcia</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="48320352" type="text/json">{"id":48320352,"first_name":"juan","last_name":"garcia","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"juangarcia564","display_name":"juan garcia","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/juangarcia564?f_ri=7403","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/48320352/64386121/52706986/s65_juan.garcia.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_25214285 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="25214285"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 25214285, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_25214285", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=25214285]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_25214285").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_25214285").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="25214285"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="631" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pediatrics">Pediatrics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="631" type="text/json">{"id":631,"name":"Pediatrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pediatrics?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7403" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health">Environmental Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7403" type="text/json">{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16288" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health">Public Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16288" type="text/json">{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22182" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Precautionary_Principle">Precautionary Principle</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="22182" type="text/json">{"id":22182,"name":"Precautionary Principle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Precautionary_Principle?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=25214285]'), work: {"id":25214285,"title":"Paediatric environmental health speciality units in Europe: Integrating a missing element into medical care","created_at":"2016-05-10T19:05:49.012-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/25214285/Paediatric_environmental_health_speciality_units_in_Europe_Integrating_a_missing_element_into_medical_care?f_ri=7403","dom_id":"work_25214285","summary":"Paediatricians are in an excellent position to identify children with environmental risk, to advise their parents about the best way of reducing or preventing such risks, and to recommend actions to the responsible politicians involved. Paediatric environmental health speciality units (PEHSU) can help to qualify and support paediatricians in this task. PEHSU is defined as a unit within a paediatric hospital or clinic that is able to recognize, assess, and prevent environment-related health risks, to help other paediatric specialists in the management of such diseases in children, as well as to provide education, training, and research, putting emphasis on thorough and adequate establishment of paediatric environmental histories (PEHis) and to the application of the precautionary principle. 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NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL 17(Z) [89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][101][102] 1995. -Neurotoxicity has been described in workers... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4947113" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">effectsfrom residential exposure to chemicals from an oil reprocessing facility and superfund site. NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL 17(Z) [89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][101][102] 1995. -Neurotoxicity has been described in workers exposed to solvents, PCBs, certain metals, and polyaromatic hydrocarbons but not often in residents near refineries or factories. We compared the neurobehavioral performance of residents near a plant that reprocessed used motor oil and chemical waste from 1966-1983 to referents from beyond the plant's modeled air dispersal and water drainage zones. Neurophysiological and psychological tests, a Profile of Mood States (POMS) and a symptom questionnaire were administered to 131 subjects exposed at the site who were matched for age, sex, and ethnicity 2 : 1 with 66 unexposed subjects from 35 km away. Test scores were adjusted for a 1.4-year difference in educational attainment by coefficients from regression equations but not for income as the latter coefficients were not significant. Exposed subjects were significantly impaired for body balance (sway speed) and simple and two choice visual reaction time as compared to referents. Blink reflex latency (R-l) and eye closure speed were normal in both groups. Cognitive function in the exposed was impaired as measured by Culture Fair and by block design from the WAIS. Placing pegs in a grooved board and making of trails (A and B) were also impaired. Group differences in recall and memory were not significant. The exposed group's symptom frequencies and POMS scores for depression, anger, confusion, tension, and fatigue were elevated indicating depression. Confounding from medical and neurological disorders or occupational exposures was minimal. Subjects exposed residentially for up to 17 years to chemicals dispersed from a waste oil reprocessing plant showed neurophysiological and neuropsychological impairment.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4947113" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="de822e9080cff7b608522490eb0149f3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49537932,"asset_id":4947113,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49537932/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzNjk2NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6507364" href="https://gmu.academia.edu/RaphaelWarshaw">Raphael Warshaw</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6507364" type="text/json">{"id":6507364,"first_name":"Raphael","last_name":"Warshaw","domain_name":"gmu","page_name":"RaphaelWarshaw","display_name":"Raphael Warshaw","profile_url":"https://gmu.academia.edu/RaphaelWarshaw?f_ri=7403","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4947113 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4947113"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4947113, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4947113", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4947113]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4947113").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4947113").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4947113"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">23</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5285" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Petroleum">Petroleum</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5285" type="text/json">{"id":5285,"name":"Petroleum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Petroleum?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7403" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health">Environmental Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7403" type="text/json">{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21885" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hazardous_Waste">Hazardous Waste</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="21885" type="text/json">{"id":21885,"name":"Hazardous Waste","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hazardous_Waste?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4947113]'), work: {"id":4947113,"title":"Neurotoxic effects from residential exposure to chemicals from an oil reprocessing facility and superfund site","created_at":"2013-10-31T04:12:52.714-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4947113/Neurotoxic_effects_from_residential_exposure_to_chemicals_from_an_oil_reprocessing_facility_and_superfund_site?f_ri=7403","dom_id":"work_4947113","summary":"effectsfrom residential exposure to chemicals from an oil reprocessing facility and superfund site. NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL 17(Z) [89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][101][102] 1995. -Neurotoxicity has been described in workers exposed to solvents, PCBs, certain metals, and polyaromatic hydrocarbons but not often in residents near refineries or factories. We compared the neurobehavioral performance of residents near a plant that reprocessed used motor oil and chemical waste from 1966-1983 to referents from beyond the plant's modeled air dispersal and water drainage zones. Neurophysiological and psychological tests, a Profile of Mood States (POMS) and a symptom questionnaire were administered to 131 subjects exposed at the site who were matched for age, sex, and ethnicity 2 : 1 with 66 unexposed subjects from 35 km away. Test scores were adjusted for a 1.4-year difference in educational attainment by coefficients from regression equations but not for income as the latter coefficients were not significant. Exposed subjects were significantly impaired for body balance (sway speed) and simple and two choice visual reaction time as compared to referents. Blink reflex latency (R-l) and eye closure speed were normal in both groups. Cognitive function in the exposed was impaired as measured by Culture Fair and by block design from the WAIS. Placing pegs in a grooved board and making of trails (A and B) were also impaired. Group differences in recall and memory were not significant. The exposed group's symptom frequencies and POMS scores for depression, anger, confusion, tension, and fatigue were elevated indicating depression. Confounding from medical and neurological disorders or occupational exposures was minimal. Subjects exposed residentially for up to 17 years to chemicals dispersed from a waste oil reprocessing plant showed neurophysiological and neuropsychological impairment.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49537932,"asset_id":4947113,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6507364,"first_name":"Raphael","last_name":"Warshaw","domain_name":"gmu","page_name":"RaphaelWarshaw","display_name":"Raphael Warshaw","profile_url":"https://gmu.academia.edu/RaphaelWarshaw?f_ri=7403","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":5285,"name":"Petroleum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Petroleum?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":21885,"name":"Hazardous Waste","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hazardous_Waste?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=7403"},{"id":119665,"name":"Reaction Time","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reaction_Time?f_ri=7403"},{"id":123230,"name":"Regression Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regression_Analysis?f_ri=7403"},{"id":144248,"name":"Balance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Balance?f_ri=7403"},{"id":192695,"name":"Choice reaction time","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Choice_reaction_time?f_ri=7403"},{"id":214515,"name":"Educational Attainment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Attainment?f_ri=7403"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=7403"},{"id":314162,"name":"Psychological Tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychological_Tests?f_ri=7403"},{"id":344588,"name":"Self Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_Assessment?f_ri=7403"},{"id":396914,"name":"Occupational Exposure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Occupational_Exposure?f_ri=7403"},{"id":416537,"name":"Chemical Industry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Industry?f_ri=7403"},{"id":441653,"name":"Cognitive Function","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Function?f_ri=7403"},{"id":637718,"name":"Nervous System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nervous_System?f_ri=7403"},{"id":1236957,"name":"Block Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Block_Design?f_ri=7403"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=7403"},{"id":1312021,"name":"Environmental Exposure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Exposure?f_ri=7403"},{"id":1768449,"name":"Profile of Mood States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Profile_of_Mood_States?f_ri=7403"},{"id":2079225,"name":"Regression equation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regression_equation?f_ri=7403"},{"id":2467548,"name":"Neuropsychological Tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuropsychological_Tests?f_ri=7403"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_79579662" data-work_id="79579662" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/79579662/The_association_between_neighborhood_socioeconomic_status_and_exposure_to_supermarkets_and_fast_food_outlets">The association between neighborhood socioeconomic status and exposure to supermarkets and fast food outlets</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This study examines whether exposure to supermarkets and fast food outlets varies with neighborhood-level socioeconomic status in Edmonton, Canada. Only market area and fast food proximity predicted supermarket exposure. For fast food... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_79579662" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This study examines whether exposure to supermarkets and fast food outlets varies with neighborhood-level socioeconomic status in Edmonton, Canada. Only market area and fast food proximity predicted supermarket exposure. For fast food outlets, the odds of exposure were greater in areas with more Aboriginals, renters, lone parents, low-income households, and public transportation commuters; and lower in those with higher median income and dwelling value. Low wealth, renter-occupied, and lone parent neighborhoods had greater exposure to fast food outlets, which was not offset by better supermarket access. The implications are troubling for fast food consumption among lone parent families in light of growing obesity rates among children.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/79579662" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cef87e5174f83c2e68bb9afd6719c58a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":86245991,"asset_id":79579662,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86245991/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzNjk2NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="48480722" href="https://ualberta.academia.edu/CarlAmrhein">Carl Amrhein</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="48480722" type="text/json">{"id":48480722,"first_name":"Carl","last_name":"Amrhein","domain_name":"ualberta","page_name":"CarlAmrhein","display_name":"Carl Amrhein","profile_url":"https://ualberta.academia.edu/CarlAmrhein?f_ri=7403","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_79579662 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="79579662"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 79579662, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_79579662", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_79579662 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79579662; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_79579662"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_79579662 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="79579662"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79579662; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=79579662]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_79579662").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_79579662").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="79579662"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="262" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Geography">Human Geography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="262" type="text/json">{"id":262,"name":"Human Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Geography?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3254" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Transport">Public Transport</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3254" type="text/json">{"id":3254,"name":"Public Transport","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Transport?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7403" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health">Environmental Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7403" type="text/json">{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="58217" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fast_Food">Fast Food</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="58217" type="text/json">{"id":58217,"name":"Fast Food","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fast_Food?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=79579662]'), work: {"id":79579662,"title":"The association between neighborhood socioeconomic status and exposure to supermarkets and fast food outlets","created_at":"2022-05-21T05:12:48.383-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/79579662/The_association_between_neighborhood_socioeconomic_status_and_exposure_to_supermarkets_and_fast_food_outlets?f_ri=7403","dom_id":"work_79579662","summary":"This study examines whether exposure to supermarkets and fast food outlets varies with neighborhood-level socioeconomic status in Edmonton, Canada. Only market area and fast food proximity predicted supermarket exposure. For fast food outlets, the odds of exposure were greater in areas with more Aboriginals, renters, lone parents, low-income households, and public transportation commuters; and lower in those with higher median income and dwelling value. Low wealth, renter-occupied, and lone parent neighborhoods had greater exposure to fast food outlets, which was not offset by better supermarket access. The implications are troubling for fast food consumption among lone parent families in light of growing obesity rates among children.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":86245991,"asset_id":79579662,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":48480722,"first_name":"Carl","last_name":"Amrhein","domain_name":"ualberta","page_name":"CarlAmrhein","display_name":"Carl Amrhein","profile_url":"https://ualberta.academia.edu/CarlAmrhein?f_ri=7403","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":262,"name":"Human Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Geography?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":3254,"name":"Public Transport","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Transport?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":58217,"name":"Fast Food","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fast_Food?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":226330,"name":"Socioeconomic Status","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socioeconomic_Status?f_ri=7403"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=7403"},{"id":411481,"name":"Health and Place","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_and_Place?f_ri=7403"},{"id":868965,"name":"Low Income","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Low_Income?f_ri=7403"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_80975040" data-work_id="80975040" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/80975040/Environmental_and_Occupational_Lead_Exposure_Among_Children_in_Cairo_Egypt">Environmental and Occupational Lead Exposure Among Children in Cairo, Egypt</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The aim of this study was to assess childhood lead exposure in a representative sample of Cairo, and to investigate the possible risk factors and sources of exposure. This cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2014 through... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_80975040" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The aim of this study was to assess childhood lead exposure in a representative sample of Cairo, and to investigate the possible risk factors and sources of exposure. This cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2014 through April 2015. The target population was children aged 6 to 18 years, recruited into 4 groups, garbage city, moderate-living standard area, urban and suburban schools, and workshops in the city of Cairo. Blood lead levels (BLLs) and hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations were measured. Also, potential local environmental sources were assessed for hazardous lead contamination. Analysis on 400 participants has been carried out. A total of 113 children had BLLs in the range 10 to 20 mg/dL. Smoking fathers, housing conditions, playing outdoors, and exposure to lead in residential areas were significantly correlated with high BLLs. The mean values of hemoglobin were inversely correlated with BLLs. Children involved in pottery workshops had the highest BLLs and the lowest Hb values with a mean of (43.3 mg/dL and 8.6 g/dL, respectively). The mean value of environmental lead in workshop areas exceeded the recommended levels. Also, those values measured in dust and paint samples of garbage city were significantly high. Moreover, the mean lead levels in the soil samples were significantly higher in urban schools (P ¼ 0.03) than the suburban ones. Childhood lead poisoning accounts for a substantial burden in Egypt, which could be preventable. Development of national prevention programs including universal screening program should be designed to reduce incidence of lead toxicity among children.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/80975040" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f31f49a6b422fdd27c93157fe8d4d385" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":87178728,"asset_id":80975040,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87178728/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzNjk2NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="114384273" href="https://cairo.academia.edu/EmanMoawad">Eman Moawad</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="114384273" type="text/json">{"id":114384273,"first_name":"Eman","last_name":"Moawad","domain_name":"cairo","page_name":"EmanMoawad","display_name":"Eman Moawad","profile_url":"https://cairo.academia.edu/EmanMoawad?f_ri=7403","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/114384273/32003681/29126159/s65_eman.moawad.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_80975040 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="80975040"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 80975040, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_80975040", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_80975040 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 80975040; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_80975040"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_80975040 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="80975040"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 80975040; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=80975040]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_80975040").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_80975040").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="80975040"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7403" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health">Environmental Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7403" type="text/json">{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="244814" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences">Clinical Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="244814" type="text/json">{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="966020" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_sectional_Study">Cross sectional Study</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="966020" type="text/json">{"id":966020,"name":"Cross sectional Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_sectional_Study?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=80975040]'), work: {"id":80975040,"title":"Environmental and Occupational Lead Exposure Among Children in Cairo, Egypt","created_at":"2022-06-07T22:35:41.584-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/80975040/Environmental_and_Occupational_Lead_Exposure_Among_Children_in_Cairo_Egypt?f_ri=7403","dom_id":"work_80975040","summary":"The aim of this study was to assess childhood lead exposure in a representative sample of Cairo, and to investigate the possible risk factors and sources of exposure. This cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2014 through April 2015. The target population was children aged 6 to 18 years, recruited into 4 groups, garbage city, moderate-living standard area, urban and suburban schools, and workshops in the city of Cairo. Blood lead levels (BLLs) and hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations were measured. Also, potential local environmental sources were assessed for hazardous lead contamination. Analysis on 400 participants has been carried out. A total of 113 children had BLLs in the range 10 to 20 mg/dL. Smoking fathers, housing conditions, playing outdoors, and exposure to lead in residential areas were significantly correlated with high BLLs. The mean values of hemoglobin were inversely correlated with BLLs. Children involved in pottery workshops had the highest BLLs and the lowest Hb values with a mean of (43.3 mg/dL and 8.6 g/dL, respectively). The mean value of environmental lead in workshop areas exceeded the recommended levels. Also, those values measured in dust and paint samples of garbage city were significantly high. Moreover, the mean lead levels in the soil samples were significantly higher in urban schools (P ¼ 0.03) than the suburban ones. Childhood lead poisoning accounts for a substantial burden in Egypt, which could be preventable. Development of national prevention programs including universal screening program should be designed to reduce incidence of lead toxicity among children.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":87178728,"asset_id":80975040,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":114384273,"first_name":"Eman","last_name":"Moawad","domain_name":"cairo","page_name":"EmanMoawad","display_name":"Eman Moawad","profile_url":"https://cairo.academia.edu/EmanMoawad?f_ri=7403","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/114384273/32003681/29126159/s65_eman.moawad.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":966020,"name":"Cross sectional Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_sectional_Study?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_77932767" data-work_id="77932767" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/77932767/Drinking_water_quality_assessment_and_its_effects_on_residents_health_in_Wondo_genet_campus_Ethiopia">Drinking water quality assessment and its effects on residents health in Wondo genet campus, Ethiopia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: Water is a vital resource for human survival. Safe drinking water is a basic need for good health, and it is also a basic right of humans. The aim of this study was to analysis drinking water quality and its effect on... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_77932767" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: Water is a vital resource for human survival. Safe drinking water is a basic need for good health, and it is also a basic right of humans. The aim of this study was to analysis drinking water quality and its effect on communities residents of Wondo Genet. Result: The mean turbidity value obtained for Wondo Genet Campus is (0.98 NTU), and the average temperature was approximately 28.49 °C. The mean total dissolved solids concentration was found to be 118.19 mg/l, and EC value in Wondo Genet Campus was 192.14 μS/cm. The chloride mean value of this drinking water was 53.7 mg/l, and concentration of sulfate mean value was 0.33 mg/l. In the study areas magnesium ranges from 10.42-17.05 mg/l and the mean value of magnesium in water is 13.67 mg/l. The concentration of calcium ranges from 2.16-7.31 mg/l with an average value of 5.0 mg/l. In study areas, an average value of sodium was 31.23 mg/1and potassium is with an average value of 23.14 mg/1. Water samples collected from Wondo Genet Campus were analyzed for total coliform bacteria and ranged from 1 to 4/100 ml with an average value of 0.78 colony/100 ml. Conclusion: On the basis of findings, it was concluded that drinking water of the study areas was that all physicochemical parameters. All the Campus drinking water sampling sites were consistent with World Health Organization standard for drinking water (WHO).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/77932767" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="868b9d5de89f2e075ffc55a3f7b32873" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":85155091,"asset_id":77932767,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/85155091/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzNjk2NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6261469" href="https://independent.academia.edu/YirdawMeride">Yirdaw Meride</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6261469" type="text/json">{"id":6261469,"first_name":"Yirdaw","last_name":"Meride","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"YirdawMeride","display_name":"Yirdaw Meride","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/YirdawMeride?f_ri=7403","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6261469/13247560/14522310/s65_yirdaw.meride.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_77932767 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="77932767"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 77932767, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_77932767", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_77932767 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 77932767; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_77932767"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_77932767 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="77932767"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 77932767; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=77932767]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_77932767").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_77932767").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="77932767"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4523" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality">Water quality</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4523" type="text/json">{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7403" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health">Environmental Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7403" type="text/json">{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="88784" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Systems">Environmental Systems</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="88784" type="text/json">{"id":88784,"name":"Environmental Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Systems?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="622367" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Quality-1">Water Quality</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="622367" type="text/json">{"id":622367,"name":"Water Quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Quality-1?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=77932767]'), work: {"id":77932767,"title":"Drinking water quality assessment and its effects on residents health in Wondo genet campus, Ethiopia","created_at":"2022-04-29T01:07:12.613-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/77932767/Drinking_water_quality_assessment_and_its_effects_on_residents_health_in_Wondo_genet_campus_Ethiopia?f_ri=7403","dom_id":"work_77932767","summary":"Background: Water is a vital resource for human survival. Safe drinking water is a basic need for good health, and it is also a basic right of humans. The aim of this study was to analysis drinking water quality and its effect on communities residents of Wondo Genet. Result: The mean turbidity value obtained for Wondo Genet Campus is (0.98 NTU), and the average temperature was approximately 28.49 °C. The mean total dissolved solids concentration was found to be 118.19 mg/l, and EC value in Wondo Genet Campus was 192.14 μS/cm. The chloride mean value of this drinking water was 53.7 mg/l, and concentration of sulfate mean value was 0.33 mg/l. In the study areas magnesium ranges from 10.42-17.05 mg/l and the mean value of magnesium in water is 13.67 mg/l. The concentration of calcium ranges from 2.16-7.31 mg/l with an average value of 5.0 mg/l. In study areas, an average value of sodium was 31.23 mg/1and potassium is with an average value of 23.14 mg/1. Water samples collected from Wondo Genet Campus were analyzed for total coliform bacteria and ranged from 1 to 4/100 ml with an average value of 0.78 colony/100 ml. Conclusion: On the basis of findings, it was concluded that drinking water of the study areas was that all physicochemical parameters. All the Campus drinking water sampling sites were consistent with World Health Organization standard for drinking water (WHO).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":85155091,"asset_id":77932767,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6261469,"first_name":"Yirdaw","last_name":"Meride","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"YirdawMeride","display_name":"Yirdaw Meride","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/YirdawMeride?f_ri=7403","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6261469/13247560/14522310/s65_yirdaw.meride.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":88784,"name":"Environmental Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Systems?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":622367,"name":"Water Quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Quality-1?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_77732088" data-work_id="77732088" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/77732088/Institutional_and_policy_analysis_of_wastewater_re_use_for_agriculture_case_study_Hyderabad_India">Institutional and policy analysis of wastewater (re)use for agriculture: case study Hyderabad, India</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Wastewater constitutes an alternative water source for the irrigation sector. To fully benefit from it, and reduce possible adverse effects on public health and the environment, we need to look at the regulation of the practice. A... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_77732088" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Wastewater constitutes an alternative water source for the irrigation sector. To fully benefit from it, and reduce possible adverse effects on public health and the environment, we need to look at the regulation of the practice. A prerequisite for this is an institutional analysis, and the points to consider are the institutional mandates. We used the city of Hyderabad, India, as a case study. There, irrigation with wastewater is not supported or recognized, but it happens in practice. It takes place in an indirect and unplanned way. Institutions fail at enforcing regulations, and little attention is given to formalization of the practice. With this article, we aim to untangle the institutional setup, and by doing so, identify the constraints surrounding development of a formal practice. Ultimately, we aim at contributing to the discussion on the agricultural use of wastewater.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/77732088" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e51d1357dc751a7da41735a8a80ac381" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":85021542,"asset_id":77732088,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/85021542/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzNjk2NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="79124838" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CeciliaSald%C3%ADas">Cecilia Saldías</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="79124838" type="text/json">{"id":79124838,"first_name":"Cecilia","last_name":"Saldías","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CeciliaSaldías","display_name":"Cecilia Saldías","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CeciliaSald%C3%ADas?f_ri=7403","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_77732088 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="77732088"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 77732088, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_77732088", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=77732088]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_77732088").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_77732088").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="77732088"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7099" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Studies">Case Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7099" type="text/json">{"id":7099,"name":"Case Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Studies?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7403" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health">Environmental Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7403" type="text/json">{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10225" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agriculture">Agriculture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10225" type="text/json">{"id":10225,"name":"Agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agriculture?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16288" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health">Public Health</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="16288" type="text/json">{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=77732088]'), work: {"id":77732088,"title":"Institutional and policy analysis of wastewater (re)use for agriculture: case study Hyderabad, India","created_at":"2022-04-26T20:49:51.763-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/77732088/Institutional_and_policy_analysis_of_wastewater_re_use_for_agriculture_case_study_Hyderabad_India?f_ri=7403","dom_id":"work_77732088","summary":"Wastewater constitutes an alternative water source for the irrigation sector. To fully benefit from it, and reduce possible adverse effects on public health and the environment, we need to look at the regulation of the practice. A prerequisite for this is an institutional analysis, and the points to consider are the institutional mandates. We used the city of Hyderabad, India, as a case study. There, irrigation with wastewater is not supported or recognized, but it happens in practice. It takes place in an indirect and unplanned way. Institutions fail at enforcing regulations, and little attention is given to formalization of the practice. With this article, we aim to untangle the institutional setup, and by doing so, identify the constraints surrounding development of a formal practice. Ultimately, we aim at contributing to the discussion on the agricultural use of wastewater.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":85021542,"asset_id":77732088,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":79124838,"first_name":"Cecilia","last_name":"Saldías","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CeciliaSaldías","display_name":"Cecilia Saldías","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CeciliaSald%C3%ADas?f_ri=7403","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7099,"name":"Case Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Studies?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":10225,"name":"Agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agriculture?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":18465,"name":"Water Reuse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Reuse?f_ri=7403"},{"id":21724,"name":"Water Pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Pollution?f_ri=7403"},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=7403"},{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=7403"},{"id":49379,"name":"Water Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Policy?f_ri=7403"},{"id":50601,"name":"Corporate culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corporate_culture?f_ri=7403"},{"id":54279,"name":"Policy making","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policy_making?f_ri=7403"},{"id":65757,"name":"Wastewater","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wastewater?f_ri=7403"},{"id":88289,"name":"Water Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Law?f_ri=7403"},{"id":88361,"name":"Water governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_governance?f_ri=7403"},{"id":93185,"name":"Water Users Associations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Users_Associations?f_ri=7403"},{"id":112869,"name":"Regulations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regulations?f_ri=7403"},{"id":414914,"name":"Waste Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Waste_Water?f_ri=7403"},{"id":518200,"name":"Wastewater Irrigation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wastewater_Irrigation?f_ri=7403"},{"id":1419001,"name":"Legal Aspects","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_Aspects?f_ri=7403"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_73399478" data-work_id="73399478" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/73399478/The_interaction_between_physical_and_social_psychological_factors_in_indoor_environmental_health">The interaction between physical and social-psychological factors in indoor environmental health</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Indoor environmental health is now recognized as an important factor in preventing respiratory health problems in the United States. It is also a concern in Canada due to the amount of time that Canadians spend indoors because of cold... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_73399478" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Indoor environmental health is now recognized as an important factor in preventing respiratory health problems in the United States. It is also a concern in Canada due to the amount of time that Canadians spend indoors because of cold weather and the potential for increased time indoors during the summer if the climate warms. The negative health effects are often labeled as sick building syndrome, but diagnosing a building or its occupants as sick is complicated by the variety of symptoms, the presence of chronic versus acute symptoms and social and psychological (socio-psychological) factors that may reduce the effectiveness of an engineering solution. As a case study, the contribution of various factors to indoor environmental health, in three buildings at the University of Toronto, was examined using five different methods. The results indicate that the inhabitants of the buildings consider features other than air quality in considering building health such as design, maintenance...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/73399478" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d064e997ccf0adf9395af77a4ccb08d3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":81935945,"asset_id":73399478,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81935945/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzNjk2NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="206485086" rel="nofollow" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BassBrad">Brad Bass</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="206485086" type="text/json">{"id":206485086,"first_name":"Brad","last_name":"Bass","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BassBrad","display_name":"Brad Bass","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BassBrad?f_ri=7403","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/206485086/66878509/55237344/s65_brad.bass.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_73399478 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="73399478"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 73399478, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_73399478", }); 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It is also a concern in Canada due to the amount of time that Canadians spend indoors because of cold weather and the potential for increased time indoors during the summer if the climate warms. The negative health effects are often labeled as sick building syndrome, but diagnosing a building or its occupants as sick is complicated by the variety of symptoms, the presence of chronic versus acute symptoms and social and psychological (socio-psychological) factors that may reduce the effectiveness of an engineering solution. As a case study, the contribution of various factors to indoor environmental health, in three buildings at the University of Toronto, was examined using five different methods. The results indicate that the inhabitants of the buildings consider features other than air quality in considering building health such as design, maintenance...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":81935945,"asset_id":73399478,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":206485086,"first_name":"Brad","last_name":"Bass","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BassBrad","display_name":"Brad Bass","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BassBrad?f_ri=7403","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/206485086/66878509/55237344/s65_brad.bass.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1085,"name":"Epidemiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiology?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":8470,"name":"Empowerment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Empowerment?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":96047,"name":"Case Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Study?f_ri=7403"},{"id":98134,"name":"United States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States?f_ri=7403"},{"id":192110,"name":"Ontario","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ontario?f_ri=7403"},{"id":252096,"name":"Sick building syndrome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sick_building_syndrome?f_ri=7403"},{"id":282637,"name":"Environmental monitoring and assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_monitoring_and_assessment?f_ri=7403"},{"id":295244,"name":"Indoor air pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indoor_air_pollution?f_ri=7403"},{"id":327850,"name":"Questionnaires","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Questionnaires?f_ri=7403"},{"id":387476,"name":"Health Problems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Problems?f_ri=7403"},{"id":877967,"name":"Environmental Pollution Assessment and Monitoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Pollution_Assessment_and_Monitoring?f_ri=7403"},{"id":997161,"name":"Health Effect","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Effect?f_ri=7403"},{"id":1133132,"name":"Environmental","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental?f_ri=7403"},{"id":2529977,"name":"attitude to health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/attitude_to_health?f_ri=7403"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_64844172" data-work_id="64844172" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/64844172/Community_health_and_socioeconomic_issues_surrounding_concentrated_animal_feeding_operations">Community health and socioeconomic issues surrounding concentrated animal feeding operations</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A consensus of the Workgroup on Community and Socioeconomic Issues was that improving and sustaining healthy rural communities depends on integrating socioeconomic development and environmental protection. The workgroup agreed that the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_64844172" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A consensus of the Workgroup on Community and Socioeconomic Issues was that improving and sustaining healthy rural communities depends on integrating socioeconomic development and environmental protection. The workgroup agreed that the World Health ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/64844172" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ba0d153c234a81659692db5cbb6da88a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":76690375,"asset_id":64844172,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76690375/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzNjk2NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="101639060" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JanMichaelFlora">Jan Michael Flora</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="101639060" type="text/json">{"id":101639060,"first_name":"Jan Michael","last_name":"Flora","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JanMichaelFlora","display_name":"Jan Michael Flora","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JanMichaelFlora?f_ri=7403","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_64844172 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="64844172"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 64844172, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_64844172", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_64844172 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 64844172; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_64844172"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_64844172 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="64844172"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 64844172; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=64844172]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_64844172").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_64844172").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="64844172"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business">Business</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26" type="text/json">{"id":26,"name":"Business","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2827" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Health">Mental Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2827" type="text/json">{"id":2827,"name":"Mental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7403" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health">Environmental Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7403" type="text/json">{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9521" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Housing">Housing</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9521" type="text/json">{"id":9521,"name":"Housing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Housing?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=64844172]'), work: {"id":64844172,"title":"Community health and socioeconomic issues surrounding concentrated animal feeding operations","created_at":"2021-12-17T07:16:33.991-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/64844172/Community_health_and_socioeconomic_issues_surrounding_concentrated_animal_feeding_operations?f_ri=7403","dom_id":"work_64844172","summary":"A consensus of the Workgroup on Community and Socioeconomic Issues was that improving and sustaining healthy rural communities depends on integrating socioeconomic development and environmental protection. The workgroup agreed that the World Health ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":76690375,"asset_id":64844172,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":101639060,"first_name":"Jan Michael","last_name":"Flora","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JanMichaelFlora","display_name":"Jan Michael Flora","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JanMichaelFlora?f_ri=7403","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":26,"name":"Business","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":2827,"name":"Mental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":9521,"name":"Housing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Housing?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":11435,"name":"Community Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Health?f_ri=7403"},{"id":18590,"name":"Environmental Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Justice?f_ri=7403"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=7403"},{"id":37881,"name":"Animal Husbandry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Husbandry?f_ri=7403"},{"id":44391,"name":"Policy Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policy_Change?f_ri=7403"},{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=7403"},{"id":70099,"name":"Livestock","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Livestock?f_ri=7403"},{"id":88815,"name":"Legislation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legislation?f_ri=7403"},{"id":94111,"name":"Animal Feed","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Feed?f_ri=7403"},{"id":251651,"name":"Environmental Impact","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Impact?f_ri=7403"},{"id":653722,"name":"Rural Community","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rural_Community?f_ri=7403"},{"id":1141653,"name":"Community Health Planning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Health_Planning?f_ri=7403"},{"id":1312021,"name":"Environmental Exposure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Exposure?f_ri=7403"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=7403"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_64238640" data-work_id="64238640" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/64238640/Climate_change_and_social_determinants_of_health_two_interlinked_agendas">Climate change and social determinants of health: two interlinked agendas</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/64238640" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="535f32ed1330818265f5623887a9a2f3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":76364805,"asset_id":64238640,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76364805/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzNjk2NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="26735023" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LuizGalv%C3%A3o">Luiz Galvão</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="26735023" type="text/json">{"id":26735023,"first_name":"Luiz","last_name":"Galvão","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LuizGalvão","display_name":"Luiz Galvão","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LuizGalv%C3%A3o?f_ri=7403","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_64238640 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="64238640"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 64238640, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_64238640", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_64238640 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 64238640; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_64238640"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_64238640 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="64238640"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 64238640; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=64238640]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_64238640").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_64238640").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="64238640"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1512" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change">Climate Change</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1512" type="text/json">{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4990" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Health">Global Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4990" type="text/json">{"id":4990,"name":"Global Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5792" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Justice">Social Justice</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5792" type="text/json">{"id":5792,"name":"Social Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Justice?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5906" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prejudice">Prejudice</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5906" type="text/json">{"id":5906,"name":"Prejudice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prejudice?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=64238640]'), work: {"id":64238640,"title":"Climate change and social determinants of health: two interlinked 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Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Justice?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":5906,"name":"Prejudice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prejudice?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":7272,"name":"Social Determinants of Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Determinants_of_Health?f_ri=7403"},{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=7403"},{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=7403"},{"id":17969,"name":"Health Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Policy?f_ri=7403"},{"id":45405,"name":"Global Warming","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Warming?f_ri=7403"},{"id":174464,"name":"Social Environment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Environment?f_ri=7403"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=7403"},{"id":3667096,"name":"Determinant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Determinant?f_ri=7403"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_53110527" data-work_id="53110527" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/53110527/West_Nile_virus_quantification_in_feces_of_experimentally_infected_American_and_fish_crows">West Nile virus quantification in feces of experimentally infected American and fish crows</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">To better understand the potential environmental health risk presented by West Nile virus (WNV)-contaminated feces, we quantified the amount of WNV present in the feces of experimentally infected American crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_53110527" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">To better understand the potential environmental health risk presented by West Nile virus (WNV)-contaminated feces, we quantified the amount of WNV present in the feces of experimentally infected American crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) and fish crows (Corvus ossifragus). Peak fecal titers ranged from 10(3.5) to 10(8.8) plaque-forming units (PFU)/g for 10 American crows and from 10(2.3) to 10(6.4) PFU/g for 10 fish crows. The presence of infectious WNV in bird feces indicates a potential for direct transmission of WNV. Thus, handlers of sick or dead birds should take appropriate precautions to avoid exposure to fecal material.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/53110527" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6214a722832fe2d059c2932ee0f43170" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":70051469,"asset_id":53110527,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/70051469/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzNjk2NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="62415166" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PatriciaFox4">Patricia Fox</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="62415166" type="text/json">{"id":62415166,"first_name":"Patricia","last_name":"Fox","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PatriciaFox4","display_name":"Patricia Fox","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PatriciaFox4?f_ri=7403","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_53110527 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="53110527"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 53110527, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_53110527", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=53110527]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_53110527").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_53110527").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="53110527"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7403" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health">Environmental Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7403" type="text/json">{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8241" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tropical_Medicine">Tropical Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8241" type="text/json">{"id":8241,"name":"Tropical Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tropical_Medicine?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="82145" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virus">Virus</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="82145" type="text/json">{"id":82145,"name":"Virus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virus?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="238630" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Infection">Experimental Infection</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="238630" type="text/json">{"id":238630,"name":"Experimental Infection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Infection?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=53110527]'), work: {"id":53110527,"title":"West Nile virus quantification in feces of experimentally infected American and fish crows","created_at":"2021-09-21T05:17:11.449-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/53110527/West_Nile_virus_quantification_in_feces_of_experimentally_infected_American_and_fish_crows?f_ri=7403","dom_id":"work_53110527","summary":"To better understand the potential environmental health risk presented by West Nile virus (WNV)-contaminated feces, we quantified the amount of WNV present in the feces of experimentally infected American crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) and fish crows (Corvus ossifragus). Peak fecal titers ranged from 10(3.5) to 10(8.8) plaque-forming units (PFU)/g for 10 American crows and from 10(2.3) to 10(6.4) PFU/g for 10 fish crows. The presence of infectious WNV in bird feces indicates a potential for direct transmission of WNV. Thus, handlers of sick or dead birds should take appropriate precautions to avoid exposure to fecal material.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":70051469,"asset_id":53110527,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":62415166,"first_name":"Patricia","last_name":"Fox","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PatriciaFox4","display_name":"Patricia Fox","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PatriciaFox4?f_ri=7403","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":8241,"name":"Tropical Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tropical_Medicine?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":82145,"name":"Virus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virus?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":238630,"name":"Experimental Infection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Infection?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":276424,"name":"West nile virus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/West_nile_virus?f_ri=7403"},{"id":469102,"name":"Feces","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feces?f_ri=7403"},{"id":521862,"name":"West Nile Fever","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/West_Nile_Fever?f_ri=7403"},{"id":1027698,"name":"Crows","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crows?f_ri=7403"},{"id":1863718,"name":"The American","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_American?f_ri=7403"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=7403"},{"id":3880895,"name":"Bird diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bird_diseases?f_ri=7403"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_50203231" data-work_id="50203231" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50203231/Oil_pipelines_and_food_sovereignty_threat_to_health_equity_for_Indigenous_communities">Oil pipelines and food sovereignty: threat to health equity for Indigenous communities</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Energy projects may profoundly impact Indigenous peoples. We consider effects of Canada's proposed Trans Mountain oil pipeline expansion on the health and food sovereignty of the Tsleil-Waututh Nation (TWN) through contamination and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_50203231" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Energy projects may profoundly impact Indigenous peoples. We consider effects of Canada's proposed Trans Mountain oil pipeline expansion on the health and food sovereignty of the Tsleil-Waututh Nation (TWN) through contamination and impeded access to uncontaminated traditional foods. Federal monitoring and TWN documentation show elevated shellfish biotoxin levels in TWN's traditional territory near the terminus where crude oil is piped. Although TWN restoration work has reopened some shellfish-harvesting sites, pipeline expansion stands to increase health risk directly through rising bioaccumulating chemical toxins as well as through increased hazardous biotoxins. Climate change from increased fossil fuel use, expected via pipeline expansion, also threatens to increase algae blooms through higher temperature and nutrient loading. As the environmental impact assessment process failed to effectively consider these local health concerns in addition to larger impacts of climate change, new assessment is needed attending to linked issues of equity, sustainability and Indigenous food sovereignty.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/50203231" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b3c4a7dee3b3cfa871f1dda1a2328349" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68276551,"asset_id":50203231,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68276551/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzNjk2NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7643187" href="https://independent.academia.edu/jerryspiegel">jerry spiegel</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7643187" type="text/json">{"id":7643187,"first_name":"jerry","last_name":"spiegel","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"jerryspiegel","display_name":"jerry spiegel","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/jerryspiegel?f_ri=7403","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_50203231 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="50203231"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 50203231, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_50203231", }); 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We consider effects of Canada's proposed Trans Mountain oil pipeline expansion on the health and food sovereignty of the Tsleil-Waututh Nation (TWN) through contamination and impeded access to uncontaminated traditional foods. Federal monitoring and TWN documentation show elevated shellfish biotoxin levels in TWN's traditional territory near the terminus where crude oil is piped. Although TWN restoration work has reopened some shellfish-harvesting sites, pipeline expansion stands to increase health risk directly through rising bioaccumulating chemical toxins as well as through increased hazardous biotoxins. Climate change from increased fossil fuel use, expected via pipeline expansion, also threatens to increase algae blooms through higher temperature and nutrient loading. As the environmental impact assessment process failed to effectively consider these local health concerns in addition to larger impacts of climate change, new assessment is needed attending to linked issues of equity, sustainability and Indigenous food sovereignty.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68276551,"asset_id":50203231,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7643187,"first_name":"jerry","last_name":"spiegel","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"jerryspiegel","display_name":"jerry spiegel","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/jerryspiegel?f_ri=7403","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":3407,"name":"Environmental Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Studies?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":3707,"name":"Climate change policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_change_policy?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":3883,"name":"Health Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Geography?f_ri=7403"},{"id":6810,"name":"Public Health Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health_Policy?f_ri=7403"},{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=7403"},{"id":9787,"name":"Environmental Policy and Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Policy_and_Governance?f_ri=7403"},{"id":10346,"name":"Environmental Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Politics?f_ri=7403"},{"id":10729,"name":"Environmental Impact Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Impact_Assessment?f_ri=7403"},{"id":18845,"name":"Environmental Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability?f_ri=7403"},{"id":25635,"name":"Food Sovereignty","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Sovereignty?f_ri=7403"},{"id":44003,"name":"Climate Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Justice?f_ri=7403"},{"id":58747,"name":"International political economy of oil and gas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_political_economy_of_oil_and_gas?f_ri=7403"},{"id":93298,"name":"Fossil Fuels","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fossil_Fuels?f_ri=7403"},{"id":209805,"name":"Indigenous and Local Environmental Knowledge","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_and_Local_Environmental_Knowledge?f_ri=7403"},{"id":251651,"name":"Environmental Impact","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Impact?f_ri=7403"},{"id":800271,"name":"Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Impact_Assessment_EIA_?f_ri=7403"},{"id":964790,"name":"Wild/Indigenous \u0026 Traditional Food Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wild_Indigenous_and_Traditional_Food_Plants?f_ri=7403"},{"id":964799,"name":"Food Sovereignty \u0026 Food Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Sovereignty_and_Food_Security?f_ri=7403"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_512585" data-work_id="512585" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/512585/A_Reassessment_of_the_Nomenclature_of_Polychlorinated_Biphenyl_PCB_Metabolites">A Reassessment of the Nomenclature of Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) Metabolites</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/512585" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ce820ed83c271fef9800ffc7e408e1df" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":3457910,"asset_id":512585,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm 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container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_512585 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="512585"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 512585; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=512585]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_512585").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_512585").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="512585"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7403" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health">Environmental Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7403" type="text/json">{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="58054" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences">Environmental Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="58054" type="text/json">{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="149539" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polychlorinated_Biphenyls">Polychlorinated Biphenyls</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="149539" type="text/json">{"id":149539,"name":"Polychlorinated Biphenyls","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polychlorinated_Biphenyls?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="528241" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biotransformation">Biotransformation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="528241" type="text/json">{"id":528241,"name":"Biotransformation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biotransformation?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=512585]'), work: {"id":512585,"title":"A Reassessment of the Nomenclature of Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) Metabolites","created_at":"2011-04-05T23:01:37.651-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/512585/A_Reassessment_of_the_Nomenclature_of_Polychlorinated_Biphenyl_PCB_Metabolites?f_ri=7403","dom_id":"work_512585","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":3457910,"asset_id":512585,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":390345,"first_name":"Court","last_name":"Sandau","domain_name":"ucalgary","page_name":"CourtSandau","display_name":"Court Sandau","profile_url":"https://ucalgary.academia.edu/CourtSandau?f_ri=7403","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":149539,"name":"Polychlorinated Biphenyls","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polychlorinated_Biphenyls?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":528241,"name":"Biotransformation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biotransformation?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":736321,"name":"Environmental Pollutants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Pollutants?f_ri=7403"},{"id":890011,"name":"Hydroxylation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydroxylation?f_ri=7403"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6906998" data-work_id="6906998" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6906998/The_zebrafish_Danio_rerio_embryo_as_a_model_system_for_identification_and_characterization_of_developmental_toxins_from_marine_and_freshwater_microalgae">The zebrafish ( Danio rerio) embryo as a model system for identification and characterization of developmental toxins from marine and freshwater microalgae</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo has emerged as an important model of vertebrate development. As such, this model system is finding utility in the investigation of toxic agents that inhibit, or otherwise interfere with, developmental... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_6906998" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo has emerged as an important model of vertebrate development. As such, this model system is finding utility in the investigation of toxic agents that inhibit, or otherwise interfere with, developmental processes (i.e. developmental toxins), including compounds that have potential relevance to both human and environmental health, as well as biomedicine. Recently, this system has been applied increasingly to the study of microbial toxins, and more specifically, as an aquatic animal model, has been employed to investigate toxins from marine and freshwater microalgae, including those classified among the so-called "harmful algal blooms" (HABs). We have developed this system for identification and characterization of toxins from cyanobacteria (i.e. "blue-green algae") isolated from the Florida Everglades and other freshwater sources in South and Central Florida. Here we review the use of this system as it has been applied generally to the investigation of toxins from marine and freshwater microalgae, and illustrate this utility as we have applied it to the detection, bioassay-guided fractionation and subsequent characterization of developmental toxins from freshwater cyanobacteria.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6906998" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e5a5856f0e5958b5300d7cd247fcea28" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48675039,"asset_id":6906998,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48675039/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzNjk2NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="84956" href="https://fiu.academia.edu/MiroslavGantar">Miroslav Gantar</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="84956" type="text/json">{"id":84956,"first_name":"Miroslav","last_name":"Gantar","domain_name":"fiu","page_name":"MiroslavGantar","display_name":"Miroslav Gantar","profile_url":"https://fiu.academia.edu/MiroslavGantar?f_ri=7403","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6906998 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6906998"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6906998, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6906998", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_6906998 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6906998; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_6906998"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_6906998 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="6906998"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6906998; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6906998]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_6906998").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_6906998").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6906998"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7403" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health">Environmental Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7403" type="text/json">{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9752" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cyanobacteria">Cyanobacteria</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9752" type="text/json">{"id":9752,"name":"Cyanobacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cyanobacteria?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26181" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eutrophication">Eutrophication</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26181" type="text/json">{"id":26181,"name":"Eutrophication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eutrophication?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="34341" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Danio_rerio">Danio rerio</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="34341" type="text/json">{"id":34341,"name":"Danio rerio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Danio_rerio?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6906998]'), work: {"id":6906998,"title":"The zebrafish ( Danio rerio) embryo as a model system for identification and characterization of developmental toxins from marine and freshwater microalgae","created_at":"2014-04-29T02:03:07.945-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/6906998/The_zebrafish_Danio_rerio_embryo_as_a_model_system_for_identification_and_characterization_of_developmental_toxins_from_marine_and_freshwater_microalgae?f_ri=7403","dom_id":"work_6906998","summary":"The zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo has emerged as an important model of vertebrate development. As such, this model system is finding utility in the investigation of toxic agents that inhibit, or otherwise interfere with, developmental processes (i.e. developmental toxins), including compounds that have potential relevance to both human and environmental health, as well as biomedicine. Recently, this system has been applied increasingly to the study of microbial toxins, and more specifically, as an aquatic animal model, has been employed to investigate toxins from marine and freshwater microalgae, including those classified among the so-called \"harmful algal blooms\" (HABs). We have developed this system for identification and characterization of toxins from cyanobacteria (i.e. \"blue-green algae\") isolated from the Florida Everglades and other freshwater sources in South and Central Florida. Here we review the use of this system as it has been applied generally to the investigation of toxins from marine and freshwater microalgae, and illustrate this utility as we have applied it to the detection, bioassay-guided fractionation and subsequent characterization of developmental toxins from freshwater cyanobacteria.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48675039,"asset_id":6906998,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":84956,"first_name":"Miroslav","last_name":"Gantar","domain_name":"fiu","page_name":"MiroslavGantar","display_name":"Miroslav Gantar","profile_url":"https://fiu.academia.edu/MiroslavGantar?f_ri=7403","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":9752,"name":"Cyanobacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cyanobacteria?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":26181,"name":"Eutrophication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eutrophication?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":34341,"name":"Danio rerio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Danio_rerio?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=7403"},{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=7403"},{"id":119666,"name":"Florida Everglades","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Florida_Everglades?f_ri=7403"},{"id":151951,"name":"Animal Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Model?f_ri=7403"},{"id":161076,"name":"Green Algae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Green_Algae?f_ri=7403"},{"id":194796,"name":"Marine Toxins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Toxins?f_ri=7403"},{"id":352300,"name":"Embryonic Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Embryonic_Development?f_ri=7403"},{"id":434746,"name":"Model System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Model_System?f_ri=7403"},{"id":439435,"name":"Fresh water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fresh_water?f_ri=7403"},{"id":445473,"name":"Harmful Algal bloom","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Harmful_Algal_bloom?f_ri=7403"},{"id":598117,"name":"Zebrafish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zebrafish?f_ri=7403"},{"id":646441,"name":"Water Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Microbiology?f_ri=7403"},{"id":725563,"name":"Teratogens","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teratogens?f_ri=7403"},{"id":1027717,"name":"Embryos","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Embryos?f_ri=7403"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28041971" data-work_id="28041971" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28041971/Rapid_Detection_and_Quantification_of_Lanthanide_Ions_Using_High_Speed_Polymerase_Chain_Reactions">Rapid Detection and Quantification of Lanthanide Ions Using High-Speed Polymerase Chain Reactions</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Recently, a novel approach to a highly sensitive and quantitative detection of rare earth element (REE) ions including La3+, Eu3+ and Tb3+, by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, has been reported. The detection of REE ions is... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_28041971" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Recently, a novel approach to a highly sensitive and quantitative detection of rare earth element (REE) ions including La3+, Eu3+ and Tb3+, by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, has been reported. The detection of REE ions is based on the catalytic nature of REE ions targeting the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), thus monitoring of the ions can be achieved by reading the level of intact DNA by PCR. Despite of its high sensitivity (at ppb to ppt levels), the conventional PCR-based REE detection protocol requires certain length of time (1-2 hours). In the present study, we modified the PCR-based REE detection protocols by employing the high-speed PCR, and performed the automated and rapid detection of La3+ in small-sized aqueous samples within 5min.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28041971" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7d51c7da12d66c184c207539db40a4dc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48351204,"asset_id":28041971,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48351204/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzNjk2NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="42266429" href="https://kitakyu-u.academia.edu/TomonoriKawano">Tomonori Kawano</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="42266429" type="text/json">{"id":42266429,"first_name":"Tomonori","last_name":"Kawano","domain_name":"kitakyu-u","page_name":"TomonoriKawano","display_name":"Tomonori Kawano","profile_url":"https://kitakyu-u.academia.edu/TomonoriKawano?f_ri=7403","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/42266429/11411154/15409292/s65_tomonori.kawano.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28041971 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28041971"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28041971, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28041971", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28041971]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_28041971").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_28041971").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="28041971"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">92</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="55" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering">Environmental Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="55" type="text/json">{"id":55,"name":"Environmental Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="145" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry">Biochemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="145" type="text/json">{"id":145,"name":"Biochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="158" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Biology">Marine Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="158" type="text/json">{"id":158,"name":"Marine Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Biology?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="159" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology">Microbiology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="159" type="text/json">{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=28041971]'), work: {"id":28041971,"title":"Rapid Detection and Quantification of Lanthanide Ions Using High-Speed Polymerase Chain Reactions","created_at":"2016-08-27T00:12:50.177-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/28041971/Rapid_Detection_and_Quantification_of_Lanthanide_Ions_Using_High_Speed_Polymerase_Chain_Reactions?f_ri=7403","dom_id":"work_28041971","summary":"Recently, a novel approach to a highly sensitive and quantitative detection of rare earth element (REE) ions including La3+, Eu3+ and Tb3+, by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, has been reported. The detection of REE ions is based on the catalytic nature of REE ions targeting the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), thus monitoring of the ions can be achieved by reading the level of intact DNA by PCR. Despite of its high sensitivity (at ppb to ppt levels), the conventional PCR-based REE detection protocol requires certain length of time (1-2 hours). In the present study, we modified the PCR-based REE detection protocols by employing the high-speed PCR, and performed the automated and rapid detection of La3+ in small-sized aqueous samples within 5min.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48351204,"asset_id":28041971,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":42266429,"first_name":"Tomonori","last_name":"Kawano","domain_name":"kitakyu-u","page_name":"TomonoriKawano","display_name":"Tomonori Kawano","profile_url":"https://kitakyu-u.academia.edu/TomonoriKawano?f_ri=7403","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/42266429/11411154/15409292/s65_tomonori.kawano.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":55,"name":"Environmental Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":145,"name":"Biochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":158,"name":"Marine 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Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analytical_and_Environmental_Chemistry?f_ri=7403"},{"id":759336,"name":"Pollution De L'eau","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pollution_De_Leau?f_ri=7403"},{"id":962638,"name":"High Sensitivity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/High_Sensitivity?f_ri=7403"},{"id":999797,"name":"Gene Expression by qRT PCR","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Expression_by_qRT_PCR?f_ri=7403"},{"id":1266840,"name":"PCR/RFLP","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PCR_RFLP-1?f_ri=7403"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_25984671" data-work_id="25984671" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25984671/A_measure_for_quantifying_the_impact_of_housing_quality_on_respiratory_health_a_cross_sectional_study">A measure for quantifying the impact of housing quality on respiratory health: a cross-sectional study</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Damp and mould in homes have been established as risk factors for respiratory health. There is a need for a relatively straightforward assessment of the home that quantifies this risk. Using data from 891 New Zealand houses, the utility... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_25984671" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Damp and mould in homes have been established as risk factors for respiratory health. There is a need for a relatively straightforward assessment of the home that quantifies this risk. Using data from 891 New Zealand houses, the utility of a Respiratory Hazard Index quantifying key attributes related to damp and mould was tested by studying its associations with self-reported respiratory symptoms. A dose-response relationship was found whereby each unit increase in the Respiratory Hazard Index was associated with an 11% increase in the odds of at least one episode of wheezing/whistling in the chest over the last 12 months (relative odds of 1.11 with a 95% CI 1.04%-1.20%). An 11% increase in the odds of an asthma attack over the last 12 months was estimated (relative odds of 1.11 with a 95% CI 1.01%-1.22%). These estimates were adjusted for household crowding levels, age, sex and smoking status. There was suggestive evidence of more steeply increasing odds of respiratory symptoms wit...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25984671" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c69eb872970c292700bffa3aff585bf8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46335053,"asset_id":25984671,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46335053/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzNjk2NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="49799539" href="https://otago.academia.edu/PhilippaHowdenChapman">Philippa L Howden-Chapman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="49799539" type="text/json">{"id":49799539,"first_name":"Philippa","last_name":"Howden-Chapman","domain_name":"otago","page_name":"PhilippaHowdenChapman","display_name":"Philippa L Howden-Chapman","profile_url":"https://otago.academia.edu/PhilippaHowdenChapman?f_ri=7403","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_25984671 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="25984671"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 25984671, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_25984671", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=25984671]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_25984671").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_25984671").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="25984671"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7403" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health">Environmental Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7403" type="text/json">{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8207" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk">Risk</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8207" type="text/json">{"id":8207,"name":"Risk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9521" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Housing">Housing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9521" type="text/json">{"id":9521,"name":"Housing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Housing?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9968" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asthma">Asthma</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9968" type="text/json">{"id":9968,"name":"Asthma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asthma?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=25984671]'), work: {"id":25984671,"title":"A measure for quantifying the impact of housing quality on respiratory health: a cross-sectional study","created_at":"2016-06-08T02:58:28.590-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/25984671/A_measure_for_quantifying_the_impact_of_housing_quality_on_respiratory_health_a_cross_sectional_study?f_ri=7403","dom_id":"work_25984671","summary":"Damp and mould in homes have been established as risk factors for respiratory health. There is a need for a relatively straightforward assessment of the home that quantifies this risk. Using data from 891 New Zealand houses, the utility of a Respiratory Hazard Index quantifying key attributes related to damp and mould was tested by studying its associations with self-reported respiratory symptoms. A dose-response relationship was found whereby each unit increase in the Respiratory Hazard Index was associated with an 11% increase in the odds of at least one episode of wheezing/whistling in the chest over the last 12 months (relative odds of 1.11 with a 95% CI 1.04%-1.20%). An 11% increase in the odds of an asthma attack over the last 12 months was estimated (relative odds of 1.11 with a 95% CI 1.01%-1.22%). These estimates were adjusted for household crowding levels, age, sex and smoking status. There was suggestive evidence of more steeply increasing odds of respiratory symptoms wit...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46335053,"asset_id":25984671,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":49799539,"first_name":"Philippa","last_name":"Howden-Chapman","domain_name":"otago","page_name":"PhilippaHowdenChapman","display_name":"Philippa L Howden-Chapman","profile_url":"https://otago.academia.edu/PhilippaHowdenChapman?f_ri=7403","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":8207,"name":"Risk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":9521,"name":"Housing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Housing?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":9968,"name":"Asthma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asthma?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":16664,"name":"Risk assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment?f_ri=7403"},{"id":17272,"name":"Fungi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fungi?f_ri=7403"},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=7403"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=7403"},{"id":116108,"name":"New Zealand","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Zealand?f_ri=7403"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant?f_ri=7403"},{"id":192721,"name":"Risk factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_factors?f_ri=7403"},{"id":357416,"name":"Odors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Odors?f_ri=7403"},{"id":437772,"name":"Odds ratio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Odds_ratio?f_ri=7403"},{"id":444369,"name":"Humidity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humidity?f_ri=7403"},{"id":620049,"name":"Risk Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Factors-1?f_ri=7403"},{"id":622589,"name":"Risk Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Assessment-2?f_ri=7403"},{"id":649451,"name":"Seasons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seasons?f_ri=7403"},{"id":1034181,"name":"Cross Sectional Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_Sectional_Studies?f_ri=7403"},{"id":1294607,"name":"Logistic Models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Logistic_Models?f_ri=7403"},{"id":1330083,"name":"Respiratory Sounds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Respiratory_Sounds?f_ri=7403"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22195370" data-work_id="22195370" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22195370/Externally_validated_QSPR_modelling_of_VOC_tropospheric_oxidation_by_NO_3_radicals_">Externally validated QSPR modelling of VOC tropospheric oxidation by NO 3 radicals†</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health">Environmental Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7403" type="text/json">{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="58054" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences">Environmental Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="58054" type="text/json">{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="75942" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atmosphere">Atmosphere</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="75942" type="text/json">{"id":75942,"name":"Atmosphere","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atmosphere?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22195370]'), work: {"id":22195370,"title":"Externally validated QSPR modelling of VOC tropospheric oxidation by NO 3 radicals†","created_at":"2016-02-19T14:40:11.460-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/22195370/Externally_validated_QSPR_modelling_of_VOC_tropospheric_oxidation_by_NO_3_radicals_?f_ri=7403","dom_id":"work_22195370","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42850896,"asset_id":22195370,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":31724964,"first_name":"Paola","last_name":"Gramatica","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PaolaGramatica","display_name":"Paola Gramatica","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PaolaGramatica?f_ri=7403","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":75942,"name":"Atmosphere","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atmosphere?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":93418,"name":"Volatile Organic Compounds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Volatile_Organic_Compounds?f_ri=7403"},{"id":122402,"name":"Nitrates","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nitrates?f_ri=7403"},{"id":157521,"name":"Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quantitative_Structure_Activity_Relationship?f_ri=7403"},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=7403"},{"id":276810,"name":"Shell Half-Life","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shell_Half-Life?f_ri=7403"},{"id":1256747,"name":"Oxidation-Reduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxidation-Reduction?f_ri=7403"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_82681438" data-work_id="82681438" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/82681438/The_global_NAFLD_policy_review_and_preparedness_index_Are_countries_ready_to_address_this_silent_public_health_challenge">The global NAFLD policy review and preparedness index: Are countries ready to address this silent public health challenge?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">About a third of countries (n = 32/102) scored zero on the preparedness index. No country had a national or sub-national strategy for NAFLD. NAFLD was rarely mentioned in the strategies of related conditions such as diabetes. Only 32... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_82681438" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">About a third of countries (n = 32/102) scored zero on the preparedness index. No country had a national or sub-national strategy for NAFLD. NAFLD was rarely mentioned in the strategies of related conditions such as diabetes. Only 32 countries had national NAFLD clinical guidelines. A comprehensive NAFLD public health response is lacking in all 102 countries.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/82681438" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="92f9b6c1f3fd668bcfcf1ff540a701ea" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":88308919,"asset_id":82681438,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/88308919/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzNjk2NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="46116196" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MotswediAnderson">Motswedi Anderson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="46116196" type="text/json">{"id":46116196,"first_name":"Motswedi","last_name":"Anderson","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MotswediAnderson","display_name":"Motswedi Anderson","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MotswediAnderson?f_ri=7403","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_82681438 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="82681438"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 82681438, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_82681438", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=82681438]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_82681438").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_82681438").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="82681438"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1085" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiology">Epidemiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1085" type="text/json">{"id":1085,"name":"Epidemiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiology?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7403" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health">Environmental Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7403" type="text/json">{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16288" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health">Public Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16288" type="text/json">{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=82681438]'), work: {"id":82681438,"title":"The global NAFLD policy review and preparedness index: Are countries ready to address this silent public health challenge?","created_at":"2022-07-06T01:21:50.474-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/82681438/The_global_NAFLD_policy_review_and_preparedness_index_Are_countries_ready_to_address_this_silent_public_health_challenge?f_ri=7403","dom_id":"work_82681438","summary":"About a third of countries (n = 32/102) scored zero on the preparedness index. No country had a national or sub-national strategy for NAFLD. NAFLD was rarely mentioned in the strategies of related conditions such as diabetes. Only 32 countries had national NAFLD clinical guidelines. A comprehensive NAFLD public health response is lacking in all 102 countries.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":88308919,"asset_id":82681438,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":46116196,"first_name":"Motswedi","last_name":"Anderson","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MotswediAnderson","display_name":"Motswedi Anderson","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MotswediAnderson?f_ri=7403","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1085,"name":"Epidemiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiology?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":37773,"name":"Hepatology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hepatology?f_ri=7403"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=7403"},{"id":245816,"name":"Preparedness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Preparedness?f_ri=7403"},{"id":295465,"name":"Fatty Liver","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fatty_Liver?f_ri=7403"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_72478856" data-work_id="72478856" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/72478856/Occupational_and_environmental_health_issues_of_solid_waste_management_special_emphasis_on_middle_and_lower_income_countries">Occupational and environmental health issues of solid waste management : special emphasis on middle and lower-income countries</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper discusses both occupational health risks to workers and environmental health risks to residents and workers. The report presents an overview of the available health literature for causes of diseases, injuries, and accidents... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_72478856" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper discusses both occupational health risks to workers and environmental health risks to residents and workers. The report presents an overview of the available health literature for causes of diseases, injuries, and accidents from solid waste management collection, treatment, and disposal technologies. Illnesses discussed include infectious diseases, allergies, respiratory damage, and cancers. Some diseases are derived from direct ingestion of infectious micro-organisms, others involve infection through contamination of the food chain, whereby animals or other vectors have ingested infectious micro-organisms. Injuries include joint and spinal damage, fractures, puncture wounds, damage to eyes and ears. Accidents include slides from unstable disposal piles, cave-ins of disposal site surfaces, fires, explosions, being caught in processing equipment, and being run over by mobile equipment. As the next steps toward improving occupational and environmental health and safety in s...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/72478856" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c0990bda40e9d34bf1e352e408de5dab" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":81389745,"asset_id":72478856,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81389745/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzNjk2NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="60169726" href="https://independent.academia.edu/scointreau">sandra cointreau</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="60169726" type="text/json">{"id":60169726,"first_name":"sandra","last_name":"cointreau","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"scointreau","display_name":"sandra cointreau","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/scointreau?f_ri=7403","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_72478856 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="72478856"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 72478856, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_72478856", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_72478856 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 72478856; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_72478856"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_72478856 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="72478856"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 72478856; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=72478856]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_72478856").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_72478856").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="72478856"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4850" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration">Migration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4850" type="text/json">{"id":4850,"name":"Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6414" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decomposition">Decomposition</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6414" type="text/json">{"id":6414,"name":"Decomposition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decomposition?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7403" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health">Environmental Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7403" type="text/json">{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7742" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glass">Glass</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7742" type="text/json">{"id":7742,"name":"Glass","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glass?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=72478856]'), work: {"id":72478856,"title":"Occupational and environmental health issues of solid waste management : special emphasis on middle and lower-income countries","created_at":"2022-02-25T17:22:05.301-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/72478856/Occupational_and_environmental_health_issues_of_solid_waste_management_special_emphasis_on_middle_and_lower_income_countries?f_ri=7403","dom_id":"work_72478856","summary":"This paper discusses both occupational health risks to workers and environmental health risks to residents and workers. The report presents an overview of the available health literature for causes of diseases, injuries, and accidents from solid waste management collection, treatment, and disposal technologies. Illnesses discussed include infectious diseases, allergies, respiratory damage, and cancers. Some diseases are derived from direct ingestion of infectious micro-organisms, others involve infection through contamination of the food chain, whereby animals or other vectors have ingested infectious micro-organisms. Injuries include joint and spinal damage, fractures, puncture wounds, damage to eyes and ears. Accidents include slides from unstable disposal piles, cave-ins of disposal site surfaces, fires, explosions, being caught in processing equipment, and being run over by mobile equipment. As the next steps toward improving occupational and environmental health and safety in s...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":81389745,"asset_id":72478856,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":60169726,"first_name":"sandra","last_name":"cointreau","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"scointreau","display_name":"sandra cointreau","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/scointreau?f_ri=7403","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4850,"name":"Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":6414,"name":"Decomposition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decomposition?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":7742,"name":"Glass","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glass?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":21885,"name":"Hazardous Waste","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hazardous_Waste?f_ri=7403"},{"id":31910,"name":"Municipal Solid Waste","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Municipal_Solid_Waste?f_ri=7403"},{"id":67662,"name":"Incineration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incineration?f_ri=7403"},{"id":108206,"name":"Allergies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Allergies?f_ri=7403"},{"id":149625,"name":"Hazardous Materials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hazardous_Materials?f_ri=7403"},{"id":280134,"name":"Microorganisms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microorganisms?f_ri=7403"},{"id":284014,"name":"Laws","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Laws?f_ri=7403"},{"id":354794,"name":"Greenhouse gases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_gases?f_ri=7403"},{"id":390247,"name":"Compaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Compaction?f_ri=7403"},{"id":424621,"name":"Drainage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drainage?f_ri=7403"},{"id":469102,"name":"Feces","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feces?f_ri=7403"},{"id":529308,"name":"Leachate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Leachate?f_ri=7403"},{"id":951108,"name":"Attenuation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Attenuation?f_ri=7403"},{"id":1013028,"name":"Food Chain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Chain?f_ri=7403"},{"id":1262354,"name":"Hazardous Wastes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hazardous_Wastes?f_ri=7403"},{"id":2904045,"name":"Latrines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latrines?f_ri=7403"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_71018333" data-work_id="71018333" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/71018333/The_Lancet_Commission_on_pollution_and_health">The Lancet Commission on pollution and health</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Pollution is the largest environmental cause of disease and premature death in the world today. Diseases caused by pollution were responsible for an estimated 9 million premature deaths in 2015-16% of all deaths worldwidethree times more... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_71018333" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Pollution is the largest environmental cause of disease and premature death in the world today. Diseases caused by pollution were responsible for an estimated 9 million premature deaths in 2015-16% of all deaths worldwidethree times more deaths than from AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria combined and 15 times more than from all wars and other forms of violence. In the most severely affected countries, pollution-related disease is responsible for more than one death in four. Pollution disproportionately kills the poor and the vulnerable. Nearly 92% of pollution-related deaths occur in low-income and middle-income countries and, in countries at every income level, disease caused by pollution is most prevalent among minorities and the marginalised. Children are at high risk of pollutionrelated disease and even extremely low-dose exposures to pollutants during windows of vulnerability in utero and in early infancy can result in disease, disability, and death in childhood and across their lifespan. Despite its substantial effects on human health, the economy, and the environment, pollution has been neglected, especially in low-income and middle-income countries, and the health effects of pollution are underestimated in calculations of the global burden of disease. Pollution in low-income and middle-income countries that is caused by industrial emissions, vehicular exhaust, and toxic chemicals has particularly been overlooked in both the international development and the global health agendas. Although more than 70% of the diseases caused by pollution are non-communicable diseases, inter ventions against pollution are barely mentioned in the Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Non-Communicable Diseases. Pollution is costly. Pollution-related diseases cause productivity losses that reduce gross domestic product (GDP) in low-income to middle-income countries by up to 2% per year. Pollution-related disease also results in health-care costs that are responsible for 1•7% of annual health spending in high-income countries and for up to 7% of health spending in middle-income countries that are heavily polluted and rapidly developing. Welfare losses due to pollution are estimated to amount to US$4•6 trillion per year: 6•2% of global economic output. The costs attributed to pollution-related disease will probably increase as additional associations between pollution and disease are identified.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/71018333" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="82220295604702588084f303df68db28" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":80534730,"asset_id":71018333,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80534730/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzNjk2NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="43715180" href="https://ug-gh.academia.edu/JFobil">Julius Fobil</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="43715180" type="text/json">{"id":43715180,"first_name":"Julius","last_name":"Fobil","domain_name":"ug-gh","page_name":"JFobil","display_name":"Julius Fobil","profile_url":"https://ug-gh.academia.edu/JFobil?f_ri=7403","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_71018333 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="71018333"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 71018333, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_71018333", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_71018333 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 71018333; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_71018333"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_71018333 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="71018333"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 71018333; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=71018333]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_71018333").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_71018333").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="71018333"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4990" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Health">Global Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4990" type="text/json">{"id":4990,"name":"Global Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7403" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health">Environmental Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7403" type="text/json">{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12054" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Cooperation">International Cooperation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12054" type="text/json">{"id":12054,"name":"International Cooperation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Cooperation?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17969" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Policy">Health Policy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="17969" type="text/json">{"id":17969,"name":"Health Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Policy?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=71018333]'), work: {"id":71018333,"title":"The Lancet Commission on pollution and health","created_at":"2022-02-09T09:00:06.326-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/71018333/The_Lancet_Commission_on_pollution_and_health?f_ri=7403","dom_id":"work_71018333","summary":"Pollution is the largest environmental cause of disease and premature death in the world today. Diseases caused by pollution were responsible for an estimated 9 million premature deaths in 2015-16% of all deaths worldwidethree times more deaths than from AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria combined and 15 times more than from all wars and other forms of violence. In the most severely affected countries, pollution-related disease is responsible for more than one death in four. Pollution disproportionately kills the poor and the vulnerable. Nearly 92% of pollution-related deaths occur in low-income and middle-income countries and, in countries at every income level, disease caused by pollution is most prevalent among minorities and the marginalised. Children are at high risk of pollutionrelated disease and even extremely low-dose exposures to pollutants during windows of vulnerability in utero and in early infancy can result in disease, disability, and death in childhood and across their lifespan. Despite its substantial effects on human health, the economy, and the environment, pollution has been neglected, especially in low-income and middle-income countries, and the health effects of pollution are underestimated in calculations of the global burden of disease. Pollution in low-income and middle-income countries that is caused by industrial emissions, vehicular exhaust, and toxic chemicals has particularly been overlooked in both the international development and the global health agendas. Although more than 70% of the diseases caused by pollution are non-communicable diseases, inter ventions against pollution are barely mentioned in the Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Non-Communicable Diseases. Pollution is costly. Pollution-related diseases cause productivity losses that reduce gross domestic product (GDP) in low-income to middle-income countries by up to 2% per year. Pollution-related disease also results in health-care costs that are responsible for 1•7% of annual health spending in high-income countries and for up to 7% of health spending in middle-income countries that are heavily polluted and rapidly developing. Welfare losses due to pollution are estimated to amount to US$4•6 trillion per year: 6•2% of global economic output. The costs attributed to pollution-related disease will probably increase as additional associations between pollution and disease are identified.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":80534730,"asset_id":71018333,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":43715180,"first_name":"Julius","last_name":"Fobil","domain_name":"ug-gh","page_name":"JFobil","display_name":"Julius Fobil","profile_url":"https://ug-gh.academia.edu/JFobil?f_ri=7403","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4990,"name":"Global Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":12054,"name":"International Cooperation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Cooperation?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":17969,"name":"Health Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Policy?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=7403"},{"id":25445,"name":"Environmental Pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Pollution?f_ri=7403"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=7403"},{"id":97269,"name":"Chronic Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Disease?f_ri=7403"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant?f_ri=7403"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=7403"},{"id":719974,"name":"Conservation of Natural Resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_of_Natural_Resources?f_ri=7403"},{"id":886573,"name":"Cost of Illness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cost_of_Illness?f_ri=7403"},{"id":1656539,"name":"Air Pollutants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Air_Pollutants?f_ri=7403"},{"id":2489700,"name":"Child preschool","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_preschool?f_ri=7403"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=7403"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_70709435" data-work_id="70709435" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/70709435/Usefulness_of_genetic_susceptibility_and_biomarkers_for_evaluation_of_environmental_health_risk">Usefulness of genetic susceptibility and biomarkers for evaluation of environmental health risk</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Recent attention is focused on understanding the genetic basis for individual susceptibility to the development of chronic disease. An emphasis is concentrated on establishing an association be-tween inheritance of polymorphic chemical... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_70709435" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Recent attention is focused on understanding the genetic basis for individual susceptibility to the development of chronic disease. An emphasis is concentrated on establishing an association be-tween inheritance of polymorphic chemical metab-olizing genes and development of ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/70709435" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="133890940" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SalamaSalama17">Salama Salama</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="133890940" type="text/json">{"id":133890940,"first_name":"Salama","last_name":"Salama","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SalamaSalama17","display_name":"Salama Salama","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SalamaSalama17?f_ri=7403","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_70709435 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="70709435"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 70709435, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_70709435", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_70709435 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 70709435; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_70709435"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_70709435 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="70709435"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 70709435; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=70709435]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_70709435").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_70709435").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="70709435"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3058" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biostatistics">Biostatistics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3058" type="text/json">{"id":3058,"name":"Biostatistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biostatistics?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6970" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomarkers">Biomarkers</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6970" type="text/json">{"id":6970,"name":"Biomarkers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomarkers?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7403" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health">Environmental Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7403" type="text/json">{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7710" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7710" type="text/json">{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=70709435]'), work: {"id":70709435,"title":"Usefulness of genetic susceptibility and biomarkers for evaluation of environmental health risk","created_at":"2022-02-06T07:41:49.682-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/70709435/Usefulness_of_genetic_susceptibility_and_biomarkers_for_evaluation_of_environmental_health_risk?f_ri=7403","dom_id":"work_70709435","summary":"Recent attention is focused on understanding the genetic basis for individual susceptibility to the development of chronic disease. An emphasis is concentrated on establishing an association be-tween inheritance of polymorphic chemical metab-olizing genes and development of ...","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":133890940,"first_name":"Salama","last_name":"Salama","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SalamaSalama17","display_name":"Salama Salama","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SalamaSalama17?f_ri=7403","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3058,"name":"Biostatistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biostatistics?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":6970,"name":"Biomarkers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomarkers?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":8270,"name":"Forecasting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forecasting?f_ri=7403"},{"id":21747,"name":"Experimental Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Design?f_ri=7403"},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=7403"},{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=7403"},{"id":437728,"name":"Isoenzymes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Isoenzymes?f_ri=7403"},{"id":568482,"name":"Biological markers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_markers?f_ri=7403"},{"id":577933,"name":"Genetic variation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_variation?f_ri=7403"},{"id":686495,"name":"Esterases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Esterases?f_ri=7403"},{"id":700335,"name":"Glutathione Transferase","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glutathione_Transferase?f_ri=7403"},{"id":1133132,"name":"Environmental","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental?f_ri=7403"},{"id":1153872,"name":"Genetic Susceptibility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_Susceptibility?f_ri=7403"},{"id":1208706,"name":"Environment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environment?f_ri=7403"},{"id":2518519,"name":"health status indicators","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/health_status_indicators?f_ri=7403"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=7403"},{"id":3840853,"name":"lung neoplasms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/lung_neoplasms?f_ri=7403"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_67036153" data-work_id="67036153" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67036153/Urban_Dog_Parks_as_Sources_of_Canine_Parasites_Contamination_Rates_and_Pet_Owner_Behaviours_in_Lisbon_Portugal">Urban Dog Parks as Sources of Canine Parasites: Contamination Rates and Pet Owner Behaviours in Lisbon, Portugal</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Dog parks represent a recent trend in western countries, enabling owners to spend quality time with their pets in a controlled environment. Despite their growing popularity, few studies have been performed to date on these parks to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_67036153" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Dog parks represent a recent trend in western countries, enabling owners to spend quality time with their pets in a controlled environment. Despite their growing popularity, few studies have been performed to date on these parks to investigate dog intestinal parasitic infections and soil contamination. The present study examined 369 faecal and 18 soil samples collected from 3 dog parks in Greater Lisbon, Portugal. Additionally, 102 interviews were performed with dog owners to assess dog-walking behaviours and parasite risk. In total, 33% of the faecal dog samples were infected with at least one parasitic agent: hookworms (16.5%), Cryptosporidium spp. (11.9%), Giardia spp. (11.4%), Toxascaris leonina (1.1%), Cystoisospora spp. (1.1%), Toxocara spp. (0.5%), and Sarcocystis sp. (0.3%). The soil of all the parks was contaminated with hookworm eggs. This is the first study performed in a European urban area to assess canine faecal contamination and parasitic agents in dog parks. Our resu...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/67036153" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6737019767948103202bd4425864f6a3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":78006787,"asset_id":67036153,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78006787/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzNjk2NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="203164316" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RolfNijsse">Rolf Nijsse</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="203164316" type="text/json">{"id":203164316,"first_name":"Rolf","last_name":"Nijsse","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RolfNijsse","display_name":"Rolf Nijsse","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RolfNijsse?f_ri=7403","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/203164316/64168149/52485388/s65_rolf.nijsse.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_67036153 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="67036153"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 67036153, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_67036153", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67036153]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_67036153").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_67036153").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="67036153"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1605" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil">Soil</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1605" type="text/json">{"id":1605,"name":"Soil","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7403" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health">Environmental Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7403" type="text/json">{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16288" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health">Public Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16288" type="text/json">{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="44510" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portugal">Portugal</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="44510" type="text/json">{"id":44510,"name":"Portugal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portugal?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=67036153]'), work: {"id":67036153,"title":"Urban Dog Parks as Sources of Canine Parasites: Contamination Rates and Pet Owner Behaviours in Lisbon, Portugal","created_at":"2022-01-04T02:05:14.108-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/67036153/Urban_Dog_Parks_as_Sources_of_Canine_Parasites_Contamination_Rates_and_Pet_Owner_Behaviours_in_Lisbon_Portugal?f_ri=7403","dom_id":"work_67036153","summary":"Dog parks represent a recent trend in western countries, enabling owners to spend quality time with their pets in a controlled environment. Despite their growing popularity, few studies have been performed to date on these parks to investigate dog intestinal parasitic infections and soil contamination. The present study examined 369 faecal and 18 soil samples collected from 3 dog parks in Greater Lisbon, Portugal. Additionally, 102 interviews were performed with dog owners to assess dog-walking behaviours and parasite risk. In total, 33% of the faecal dog samples were infected with at least one parasitic agent: hookworms (16.5%), Cryptosporidium spp. (11.9%), Giardia spp. (11.4%), Toxascaris leonina (1.1%), Cystoisospora spp. (1.1%), Toxocara spp. (0.5%), and Sarcocystis sp. (0.3%). The soil of all the parks was contaminated with hookworm eggs. This is the first study performed in a European urban area to assess canine faecal contamination and parasitic agents in dog parks. Our resu...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78006787,"asset_id":67036153,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":203164316,"first_name":"Rolf","last_name":"Nijsse","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RolfNijsse","display_name":"Rolf Nijsse","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RolfNijsse?f_ri=7403","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/203164316/64168149/52485388/s65_rolf.nijsse.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1605,"name":"Soil","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":44510,"name":"Portugal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portugal?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":52438,"name":"Dogs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dogs?f_ri=7403"},{"id":54259,"name":"Cities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cities?f_ri=7403"},{"id":85038,"name":"Environmental public health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_public_health?f_ri=7403"},{"id":103375,"name":"Parasites","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parasites?f_ri=7403"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=7403"},{"id":469102,"name":"Feces","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feces?f_ri=7403"},{"id":1957240,"name":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ENVIRONMENTAL_SCIENCE_AND_MANAGEMENT?f_ri=7403"},{"id":2486603,"name":"Surveys and Questionnaires","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surveys_and_Questionnaires?f_ri=7403"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_56886800" data-work_id="56886800" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/56886800/Tajikistan_reducing_poverty_through_private_infrastructure_services_the_Pamir_private_power_project">Tajikistan: reducing poverty through private infrastructure services - the Pamir private power project</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Accounting">Accounting</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3490" type="text/json">{"id":3490,"name":"Accounting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Accounting?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4484" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Growth">Economic Growth</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4484" type="text/json">{"id":4484,"name":"Economic Growth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Growth?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6021" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer">Cancer</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6021" type="text/json">{"id":6021,"name":"Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7403" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health">Environmental Health</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7403" type="text/json">{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=56886800]'), work: {"id":56886800,"title":"Tajikistan: reducing poverty through private infrastructure services - the Pamir private power project","created_at":"2021-10-10T00:23:57.082-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/56886800/Tajikistan_reducing_poverty_through_private_infrastructure_services_the_Pamir_private_power_project?f_ri=7403","dom_id":"work_56886800","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":72051995,"asset_id":56886800,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":9597594,"first_name":"Raghuveer","last_name":"Sharma","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RaghuveerSharma","display_name":"Raghuveer Sharma","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RaghuveerSharma?f_ri=7403","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3490,"name":"Accounting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Accounting?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":4484,"name":"Economic Growth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Growth?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":6021,"name":"Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=7403","nofollow":true},{"id":11395,"name":"Economic Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Development?f_ri=7403"},{"id":25116,"name":"International Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Finance?f_ri=7403"},{"id":74458,"name":"Partnership","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Partnership?f_ri=7403"},{"id":76238,"name":"Air","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Air?f_ri=7403"},{"id":146421,"name":"Deforestation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Deforestation?f_ri=7403"},{"id":167483,"name":"Income","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Income?f_ri=7403"},{"id":235753,"name":"Debt","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Debt?f_ri=7403"},{"id":251651,"name":"Environmental Impact","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Impact?f_ri=7403"},{"id":295244,"name":"Indoor air pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indoor_air_pollution?f_ri=7403"},{"id":309895,"name":"Isolation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Isolation?f_ri=7403"},{"id":405300,"name":"Infant Mortality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant_Mortality?f_ri=7403"},{"id":512749,"name":"Determinants of Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Determinants_of_Health?f_ri=7403"},{"id":542983,"name":"Heating","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heating?f_ri=7403"},{"id":663534,"name":"Interest Rate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interest_Rate?f_ri=7403"},{"id":886971,"name":"Electricity Generation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electricity_Generation?f_ri=7403"},{"id":1745949,"name":"Innovation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Innovation-61?f_ri=7403"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_54013776" data-work_id="54013776" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/54013776/Drivers_of_women_s_sanitation_practices_in_informal_settlements_in_sub_Saharan_Africa_a_qualitative_study_in_Mathare_Valley_Kenya">Drivers of women’s sanitation practices in informal settlements in sub-Saharan Africa: a qualitative study in Mathare Valley, Kenya</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Despite evidence suggesting women are disproportionately affected by the lack of adequate and safe sanitation facilities around the world, there is limited information about the factors that influence women's ability to access and utilize... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_54013776" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Despite evidence suggesting women are disproportionately affected by the lack of adequate and safe sanitation facilities around the world, there is limited information about the factors that influence women's ability to access and utilize sanitation, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. The purpose of this study was to explore factors influencing women's sanitation practices in informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya. Information from 55 in-depth interviews conducted in 2016 with 55 women in Mathare Valley Informal Settlement in Nairobi was used to carry out cross-case, thematic analysis of women's common sanitation routines. Women identified neighborhood disorganization, fear of victimization, lack of privacy, and cleanliness/dirtiness of facilities as important factors in the choices they make about their sanitation practices. This suggests that future sanitation-related interventions and policies may need to consider strategies that focus not only on toilet provision or adoption but also on issues of space and community dynamics.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/54013776" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="dfab2d3de7be3e3dff1197adc28c0771" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":70582489,"asset_id":54013776,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/70582489/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzNjk2NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5113983" href="https://rutgers.academia.edu/FrancisBarchi">Francis Barchi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5113983" type="text/json">{"id":5113983,"first_name":"Francis","last_name":"Barchi","domain_name":"rutgers","page_name":"FrancisBarchi","display_name":"Francis Barchi","profile_url":"https://rutgers.academia.edu/FrancisBarchi?f_ri=7403","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_54013776 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="54013776"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 54013776, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_54013776", }); 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The purpose of this study was to explore factors influencing women's sanitation practices in informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya. Information from 55 in-depth interviews conducted in 2016 with 55 women in Mathare Valley Informal Settlement in Nairobi was used to carry out cross-case, thematic analysis of women's common sanitation routines. Women identified neighborhood disorganization, fear of victimization, lack of privacy, and cleanliness/dirtiness of facilities as important factors in the choices they make about their sanitation practices. 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