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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Environmental Science</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">480,752 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Environmental Science</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Environmental_Science">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_75410109" data-work_id="75410109" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/75410109/Introduction_to_Shale">Introduction to Shale</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Today’s energy intensive lifestyle needs exploration of hydrocarbon such as crude oil and natural gas. Hence, there is a need to develop some unconventional resources such as shales, gas hydrates and CBM. They are called unconventional... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_75410109" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Today’s energy intensive lifestyle needs exploration of hydrocarbon such as crude oil and natural gas. Hence, there is a need to develop some unconventional resources such as shales, gas hydrates and CBM. They are called unconventional due to their need for new and different technology for exploration. This chapter is dedicated to introduction of one of the unconventional resource i.e. shales, their composition, structure and uses. The first exploration of shale gas was as early as in 1825. As the present exploration of shale will have a major impact on future energy needs, it becomes very necessary to know about the shale resources and its characteristics.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/75410109" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a9309863eacfeaacdedd1f9b36029e1b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":83189623,"asset_id":75410109,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83189623/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDg5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="14390799" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SHIVANJALISHARMA">SHIVANJALI SHARMA</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="14390799" type="text/json">{"id":14390799,"first_name":"SHIVANJALI","last_name":"SHARMA","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SHIVANJALISHARMA","display_name":"SHIVANJALI SHARMA","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SHIVANJALISHARMA?f_ri=402","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_75410109 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="75410109"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 75410109, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_75410109", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_75410109 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75410109; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_75410109"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_75410109 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="75410109"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75410109; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75410109]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_75410109").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_75410109").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="75410109"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="402" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science">Environmental Science</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="402" type="text/json">{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=402","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=75410109]'), work: {"id":75410109,"title":"Introduction to Shale","created_at":"2022-04-04T04:15:01.632-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/75410109/Introduction_to_Shale?f_ri=402","dom_id":"work_75410109","summary":"Today’s energy intensive lifestyle needs exploration of hydrocarbon such as crude oil and natural gas. Hence, there is a need to develop some unconventional resources such as shales, gas hydrates and CBM. They are called unconventional due to their need for new and different technology for exploration. This chapter is dedicated to introduction of one of the unconventional resource i.e. shales, their composition, structure and uses. The first exploration of shale gas was as early as in 1825. As the present exploration of shale will have a major impact on future energy needs, it becomes very necessary to know about the shale resources and its characteristics.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":83189623,"asset_id":75410109,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":14390799,"first_name":"SHIVANJALI","last_name":"SHARMA","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SHIVANJALISHARMA","display_name":"SHIVANJALI SHARMA","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SHIVANJALISHARMA?f_ri=402","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=402","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12989017" data-work_id="12989017" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12989017/Chaotic_dynamics_of_a_glaciohydraulic_model">Chaotic dynamics of a glaciohydraulic model</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A model subglacial drainage system, coupled to an ice-dammed reservoir that receives a time-varying meltwater input, is described and analysed. In numerical experiments an ice-marginal lake drains through a subglacial channel, producing... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12989017" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A model subglacial drainage system, coupled to an ice-dammed reservoir that receives a time-varying meltwater input, is described and analysed. In numerical experiments an ice-marginal lake drains through a subglacial channel, producing periodic floods, and fills with meltwater at a rate<br />dependent on air temperature, which varies seasonally with a peak value of Tm. The analysis reveals regions of Tm parameter space corresponding to ‘mode locking’, where flood repeat time is independent of Tm; resonance, where decreasing Tm counter-intuitively increases flood size; and chaotic dynamics,<br />where flood cycles are sensitive to initial conditions, never repeat and exhibit phase-space mixing. Bifurcations associated with abrupt changes in flood size and timing within the year separate these regions. This is the first time these complex dynamics have been displayed by a glaciohydraulic model<br />and these findings have implications for our understanding of ice-marginal lakes, moulins and subglacial lakes.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12989017" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="125686676003d6f04f2274a765d6398f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37908504,"asset_id":12989017,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37908504/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDg5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6383794" href="https://antarctica.academia.edu/JonathanKingslake">Jonathan Kingslake</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6383794" type="text/json">{"id":6383794,"first_name":"Jonathan","last_name":"Kingslake","domain_name":"antarctica","page_name":"JonathanKingslake","display_name":"Jonathan Kingslake","profile_url":"https://antarctica.academia.edu/JonathanKingslake?f_ri=402","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12989017 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12989017"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12989017, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12989017", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12989017]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12989017").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12989017").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12989017"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="400" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences">Earth Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="400" type="text/json">{"id":400,"name":"Earth Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences?f_ri=402","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="402" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science">Environmental Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="402" type="text/json">{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=402","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="410" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glaciology">Glaciology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="410" type="text/json">{"id":410,"name":"Glaciology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glaciology?f_ri=402","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1080" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dynamical_Systems">Dynamical Systems</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1080" type="text/json">{"id":1080,"name":"Dynamical Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dynamical_Systems?f_ri=402","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12989017]'), work: {"id":12989017,"title":"Chaotic dynamics of a glaciohydraulic model","created_at":"2015-06-15T00:52:42.535-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12989017/Chaotic_dynamics_of_a_glaciohydraulic_model?f_ri=402","dom_id":"work_12989017","summary":"A model subglacial drainage system, coupled to an ice-dammed reservoir that receives a time-varying meltwater input, is described and analysed. In numerical experiments an ice-marginal lake drains through a subglacial channel, producing periodic floods, and fills with meltwater at a rate\ndependent on air temperature, which varies seasonally with a peak value of Tm. The analysis reveals regions of Tm parameter space corresponding to ‘mode locking’, where flood repeat time is independent of Tm; resonance, where decreasing Tm counter-intuitively increases flood size; and chaotic dynamics,\nwhere flood cycles are sensitive to initial conditions, never repeat and exhibit phase-space mixing. Bifurcations associated with abrupt changes in flood size and timing within the year separate these regions. This is the first time these complex dynamics have been displayed by a glaciohydraulic model\nand these findings have implications for our understanding of ice-marginal lakes, moulins and subglacial lakes.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37908504,"asset_id":12989017,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6383794,"first_name":"Jonathan","last_name":"Kingslake","domain_name":"antarctica","page_name":"JonathanKingslake","display_name":"Jonathan Kingslake","profile_url":"https://antarctica.academia.edu/JonathanKingslake?f_ri=402","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":400,"name":"Earth Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences?f_ri=402","nofollow":false},{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=402","nofollow":false},{"id":410,"name":"Glaciology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glaciology?f_ri=402","nofollow":false},{"id":1080,"name":"Dynamical Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dynamical_Systems?f_ri=402","nofollow":false},{"id":2549,"name":"Hydrology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrology?f_ri=402"},{"id":9434,"name":"Chaos Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chaos_Theory?f_ri=402"},{"id":13212,"name":"Subglacial Hydrology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Subglacial_Hydrology?f_ri=402"},{"id":16682,"name":"Mathematical Modelling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematical_Modelling?f_ri=402"},{"id":186414,"name":"Subglacial lakes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Subglacial_lakes?f_ri=402"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34067845 coauthored" data-work_id="34067845" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34067845/Tourism_Resilience_and_Adaptation_to_Environmental_Change_Definitions_and_Frameworks">Tourism Resilience and Adaptation to Environmental Change: Definitions and Frameworks</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In recent years, resilience theory has come to occupy the core of our understanding and management of the adaptive capacity of people and places in complex social and environmental systems. Despite this, tourism scholars have been slow to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34067845" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In recent years, resilience theory has come to occupy the core of our understanding and management of the adaptive capacity of people and places in complex social and environmental systems. Despite this, tourism scholars have been slow to adopt resilience concepts, at a time when the emergence of new frameworks and applications is pressing. <br /><br />Drawing on original empirical and theoretical insights in resilience thinking, this book explores how tourism communities and economies respond to environmental changes, both fast (natural hazard disasters) and slow (incremental shifts). It explores how tourism places adapt, change, and sometimes transform (or not) in relation to their environmental context, with an awareness of intersection with societal dynamics and links to political, economic and social drivers of change. Contributions draw on empirical research conducted in a range of international settings, including indigenous communities, to explore the complexity and gradations of environmental change encounters and resilience planning responses in a range of tourism contexts. <br /><br />As the first book to specifically focus on environmental change from a resilience perspective, this timely and original work makes a critical contribution to tourism studies, tourism management and environmental geography, as well as environmental sciences and development studies.<br /><br /><a href="https://www.routledge.com/Tourism-Resilience-and-Adaptation-to-Environmental-Change/Lew-Cheer/p/book/9781138206793" rel="nofollow">https://www.routledge.com/Tourism-Resilience-and-Adaptation-to-Environmental-Change/Lew-Cheer/p/book/9781138206793</a><br /><br />(Please contact the authors if you have any questions).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34067845" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7676f07751986bbae6f299262e3e560f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54003817,"asset_id":34067845,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54003817/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDg5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2932" href="https://nau.academia.edu/AlanLew">Alan A Lew</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2932" type="text/json">{"id":2932,"first_name":"Alan","last_name":"Lew","domain_name":"nau","page_name":"AlanLew","display_name":"Alan A Lew","profile_url":"https://nau.academia.edu/AlanLew?f_ri=402","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2932/1276/690061/s65_alan_a..lew.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-34067845">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-34067845"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://westernsydney.academia.edu/JosephCheer">Joseph M Cheer</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-34067845'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-34067845').html(); 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js-work-card work_33652015" data-work_id="33652015" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33652015/Climate_Change_Are_We_Seeing_Global_Warming">Climate Change: Are We Seeing Global Warming?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33652015" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b114cb94a608ffebd96db1f79cd89e79" rel="nofollow" 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type="text/json">{"id":28156886,"first_name":"Klaus","last_name":"Hasselmann","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KlausHasselmann","display_name":"Klaus Hasselmann","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KlausHasselmann?f_ri=402","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33652015 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33652015"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33652015, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33652015", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_33652015 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33652015; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_33652015"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_33652015 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33652015"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33652015; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33652015]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_33652015").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_33652015").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33652015"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="402" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science">Environmental Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="402" type="text/json">{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=402","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6779" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science">Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6779" type="text/json">{"id":6779,"name":"Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science?f_ri=402","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=402","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="45405" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Warming">Global Warming</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="45405" type="text/json">{"id":45405,"name":"Global Warming","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Warming?f_ri=402","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33652015]'), work: {"id":33652015,"title":"Climate Change: Are We Seeing Global Warming?","created_at":"2017-06-25T23:54:03.790-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33652015/Climate_Change_Are_We_Seeing_Global_Warming?f_ri=402","dom_id":"work_33652015","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53661465,"asset_id":33652015,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":28156886,"first_name":"Klaus","last_name":"Hasselmann","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KlausHasselmann","display_name":"Klaus Hasselmann","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KlausHasselmann?f_ri=402","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=402","nofollow":false},{"id":6779,"name":"Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science?f_ri=402","nofollow":false},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=402","nofollow":false},{"id":45405,"name":"Global Warming","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Warming?f_ri=402","nofollow":false},{"id":80561,"name":"Variability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Variability?f_ri=402"},{"id":369458,"name":"Greenhouse Effect","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greenhouse_Effect?f_ri=402"},{"id":431115,"name":"Natural and anthropogenic climate change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_and_anthropogenic_climate_change?f_ri=402"},{"id":991311,"name":"Signal to Noise Ratio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Signal_to_Noise_Ratio?f_ri=402"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_32096506" data-work_id="32096506" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32096506/Study_of_environmental_management_systems_on_defence">Study of environmental management systems on defence</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The effective and sustainable environmental performance of a business is a result of various factors and most important the integrated outcome of the environmental management. Likewise, the integration of environmental protection into the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_32096506" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The effective and sustainable environmental performance of a business is a result of various factors and most important the integrated outcome of the environmental management. Likewise, the integration of environmental protection into the armed forces functions has also gain interest for the military sector internationally. Therefore, the environmental management system (EMS) is recognized as one of the most widely used tools. This study provides a review on environmental management issues related to the military activities and their assessment globally. The multitasking characteristics of the defence sector result in the need for the eco-friendly related issues to be directed in a holistic and integrated way, with the help of a certified environmental management system. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) itself and NATO countries, like USA, UK, Canada, Holland, Denmark, Czech Republic, Greece, as well as non-NATO countries like Sweden and Australia have an environmental management system structure in place to assist military environmental management and studies reveal that the armed forces could anticipate positive outcomes from environmental management system. A case-by-case approach, of the above, is examined and based on the results, appropriate recommendations are presented, which may contribute to the environmental management system considerations as the most important tool for effective management framework and most importantly to evaluate its effectiveness as a structure for the defence sector's activities.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/32096506" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d4c066d0c6c2862285bdf97b734ef143" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52346234,"asset_id":32096506,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52346234/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDg5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="19000359" href="https://ntua.academia.edu/AnastasiosOglanis">Anastasios A Oglanis</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="19000359" type="text/json">{"id":19000359,"first_name":"Anastasios","last_name":"Oglanis","domain_name":"ntua","page_name":"AnastasiosOglanis","display_name":"Anastasios A Oglanis","profile_url":"https://ntua.academia.edu/AnastasiosOglanis?f_ri=402","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/19000359/5278083/16597639/s65_anastasios.oglanis.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_32096506 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="32096506"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32096506, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_32096506", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_32096506 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32096506; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_32096506"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_32096506 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="32096506"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32096506; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32096506]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_32096506").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_32096506").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="32096506"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="402" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science">Environmental Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="402" type="text/json">{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=402","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3826" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/NATO">NATO</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3826" type="text/json">{"id":3826,"name":"NATO","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/NATO?f_ri=402","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7609" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Management">Environmental Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7609" type="text/json">{"id":7609,"name":"Environmental Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Management?f_ri=402","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19281" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Management_Systems">Environmental Management Systems</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="19281" type="text/json">{"id":19281,"name":"Environmental Management Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Management_Systems?f_ri=402","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=32096506]'), work: {"id":32096506,"title":"Study of environmental management systems on defence","created_at":"2017-03-28T08:33:44.397-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/32096506/Study_of_environmental_management_systems_on_defence?f_ri=402","dom_id":"work_32096506","summary":"The effective and sustainable environmental performance of a business is a result of various factors and most important the integrated outcome of the environmental management. Likewise, the integration of environmental protection into the armed forces functions has also gain interest for the military sector internationally. Therefore, the environmental management system (EMS) is recognized as one of the most widely used tools. This study provides a review on environmental management issues related to the military activities and their assessment globally. The multitasking characteristics of the defence sector result in the need for the eco-friendly related issues to be directed in a holistic and integrated way, with the help of a certified environmental management system. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) itself and NATO countries, like USA, UK, Canada, Holland, Denmark, Czech Republic, Greece, as well as non-NATO countries like Sweden and Australia have an environmental management system structure in place to assist military environmental management and studies reveal that the armed forces could anticipate positive outcomes from environmental management system. A case-by-case approach, of the above, is examined and based on the results, appropriate recommendations are presented, which may contribute to the environmental management system considerations as the most important tool for effective management framework and most importantly to evaluate its effectiveness as a structure for the defence sector's activities.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52346234,"asset_id":32096506,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":19000359,"first_name":"Anastasios","last_name":"Oglanis","domain_name":"ntua","page_name":"AnastasiosOglanis","display_name":"Anastasios A Oglanis","profile_url":"https://ntua.academia.edu/AnastasiosOglanis?f_ri=402","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/19000359/5278083/16597639/s65_anastasios.oglanis.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=402","nofollow":false},{"id":3826,"name":"NATO","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/NATO?f_ri=402","nofollow":false},{"id":7609,"name":"Environmental Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Management?f_ri=402","nofollow":false},{"id":19281,"name":"Environmental Management Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Management_Systems?f_ri=402","nofollow":false},{"id":39946,"name":"Military","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military?f_ri=402"},{"id":53441,"name":"Defence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Defence?f_ri=402"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43478261" data-work_id="43478261" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43478261/The_Koberwitzers_Those_Who_Attended_Rudolf_Steiners_Agriculture_Course_at_Koberwitz_in_1924_Worlds_Foundational_Organic_Agriculture_Course">The Koberwitzers: Those Who Attended Rudolf Steiner's Agriculture Course at Koberwitz in 1924, World's Foundational Organic Agriculture Course</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Rudolf Steiner's Agriculture Course at Koberwitz (now Kobierzyce), in the summer of 1924, was the gateway event that led to the development of biodynamic agriculture and, subsequently, organic agriculture. The present paper identifies for... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43478261" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Rudolf Steiner's Agriculture Course at Koberwitz (now Kobierzyce), in the summer of 1924, was the gateway event that led to the development of biodynamic agriculture and, subsequently, organic agriculture. The present paper identifies for the first time the 111 attendees of that course. The list reveals that 'Koberwitzers', as they called themselves, were a well credentialed and capable group of individuals, some of whom went on to champion and develop Rudolf Steiner's ideas about agriculture and other fields. The present paper revises a prior analysis of the Koberwitzers. For each Koberwitzer, the list reveals, the name, hometown, occupation, and accommodation during the course. Thirty one percent of Koberwitzers were women. Thirty eight percent were associated directly with agriculture (including farmer, estate manager, and estate owner), 6% of attendees were creatives (including writer, author, artist and editor), and a further 6% were priests. These three occupational categories, viz. Agriculture, Creative and Priest, together account for 50% of Koberwitzer occupations (and 72% of the known occupations). There remains for further scholarship to populate gaps in the listing: the gender of one Koberwitzer remains unidentified; one hometown (and country) remains unidentified; 33 occupations remain unidentified; and 51 accommodations remain unidentified. At the time of the Koberwitz course, Rudolf Steiner (1861-1925) was mortally ill. The course was never repeated,. It was up to the Koberwitzers to progress Rudolf Steiner's call for the development of a differentiated natural agriculture without synthetic chemicals. The Koberwitzers met the call. There are now 251,842 certified biodynamic hectares in 55 countries, included in the 71,514,583 certified organic hectares in 186 countries.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43478261" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="171d10f5574809dae6457fd29b272600" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63786311,"asset_id":43478261,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63786311/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDg5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="20848900" href="https://utas.academia.edu/JohnPaull">John Paull, PhD</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="20848900" type="text/json">{"id":20848900,"first_name":"John","last_name":"Paull, PhD","domain_name":"utas","page_name":"JohnPaull","display_name":"John Paull, PhD","profile_url":"https://utas.academia.edu/JohnPaull?f_ri=402","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/20848900/9777304/10893135/s65_john.paull.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43478261 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43478261"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43478261, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43478261", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_43478261 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43478261; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_43478261"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_43478261 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43478261"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43478261; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43478261]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43478261").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43478261").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43478261"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=402","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="402" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science">Environmental Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="402" type="text/json">{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=402","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3519" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthroposophy">Anthroposophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3519" type="text/json">{"id":3519,"name":"Anthroposophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthroposophy?f_ri=402","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3529" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_agriculture">Organic agriculture</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3529" type="text/json">{"id":3529,"name":"Organic agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_agriculture?f_ri=402","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43478261]'), work: {"id":43478261,"title":"The Koberwitzers: Those Who Attended Rudolf Steiner's Agriculture Course at Koberwitz in 1924, World's Foundational Organic Agriculture Course","created_at":"2020-06-30T04:27:42.823-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43478261/The_Koberwitzers_Those_Who_Attended_Rudolf_Steiners_Agriculture_Course_at_Koberwitz_in_1924_Worlds_Foundational_Organic_Agriculture_Course?f_ri=402","dom_id":"work_43478261","summary":"Rudolf Steiner's Agriculture Course at Koberwitz (now Kobierzyce), in the summer of 1924, was the gateway event that led to the development of biodynamic agriculture and, subsequently, organic agriculture. The present paper identifies for the first time the 111 attendees of that course. The list reveals that 'Koberwitzers', as they called themselves, were a well credentialed and capable group of individuals, some of whom went on to champion and develop Rudolf Steiner's ideas about agriculture and other fields. The present paper revises a prior analysis of the Koberwitzers. For each Koberwitzer, the list reveals, the name, hometown, occupation, and accommodation during the course. Thirty one percent of Koberwitzers were women. Thirty eight percent were associated directly with agriculture (including farmer, estate manager, and estate owner), 6% of attendees were creatives (including writer, author, artist and editor), and a further 6% were priests. These three occupational categories, viz. Agriculture, Creative and Priest, together account for 50% of Koberwitzer occupations (and 72% of the known occupations). There remains for further scholarship to populate gaps in the listing: the gender of one Koberwitzer remains unidentified; one hometown (and country) remains unidentified; 33 occupations remain unidentified; and 51 accommodations remain unidentified. At the time of the Koberwitz course, Rudolf Steiner (1861-1925) was mortally ill. The course was never repeated,. It was up to the Koberwitzers to progress Rudolf Steiner's call for the development of a differentiated natural agriculture without synthetic chemicals. The Koberwitzers met the call. There are now 251,842 certified biodynamic hectares in 55 countries, included in the 71,514,583 certified organic hectares in 186 countries.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63786311,"asset_id":43478261,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":20848900,"first_name":"John","last_name":"Paull, PhD","domain_name":"utas","page_name":"JohnPaull","display_name":"John Paull, PhD","profile_url":"https://utas.academia.edu/JohnPaull?f_ri=402","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/20848900/9777304/10893135/s65_john.paull.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=402","nofollow":false},{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=402","nofollow":false},{"id":3519,"name":"Anthroposophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthroposophy?f_ri=402","nofollow":false},{"id":3529,"name":"Organic agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_agriculture?f_ri=402","nofollow":false},{"id":3562,"name":"Rudolf Steiner","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rudolf_Steiner?f_ri=402"},{"id":3723,"name":"History of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science?f_ri=402"},{"id":4000,"name":"Anthropology of Food","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology_of_Food?f_ri=402"},{"id":4524,"name":"Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development?f_ri=402"},{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=402"},{"id":10225,"name":"Agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agriculture?f_ri=402"},{"id":18845,"name":"Environmental Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability?f_ri=402"},{"id":27363,"name":"Poland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poland?f_ri=402"},{"id":51175,"name":"Organic Farming","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Farming?f_ri=402"},{"id":105033,"name":"history of Poland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/history_of_Poland?f_ri=402"},{"id":167824,"name":"Biodynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biodynamics?f_ri=402"},{"id":322689,"name":"History of Agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Agriculture?f_ri=402"},{"id":541776,"name":"Ecological Agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecological_Agriculture?f_ri=402"},{"id":759177,"name":"Biodynamic farming","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biodynamic_farming?f_ri=402"},{"id":1031232,"name":"Sustainable Food \u0026 Farming","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Food_and_Farming?f_ri=402"},{"id":1560426,"name":"Biodynamic Agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biodynamic_Agriculture?f_ri=402"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_68743951" data-work_id="68743951" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68743951/Hydrological_Impacts_of_the_Grand_Ethiopian_Renaissance_Dam_GERD_on_River_Nile_Hydrology_Within_Sudan">Hydrological Impacts of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) on River Nile Hydrology Within Sudan</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div 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Sudan","created_at":"2022-01-19T20:02:05.137-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/68743951/Hydrological_Impacts_of_the_Grand_Ethiopian_Renaissance_Dam_GERD_on_River_Nile_Hydrology_Within_Sudan?f_ri=402","dom_id":"work_68743951","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":79113658,"asset_id":68743951,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":28871098,"first_name":"Kevin","last_name":"Wheeler","domain_name":"oxford","page_name":"KevinWheeler","display_name":"Kevin Wheeler","profile_url":"https://oxford.academia.edu/KevinWheeler?f_ri=402","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/28871098/11043363/14226162/s65_kevin.wheeler.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=402","nofollow":false},{"id":2549,"name":"Hydrology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrology?f_ri=402","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div 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Wireless instruments that are integrated with artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms and knowledge-based decision support systems have attracted growers’ attention due to their implementation flexibility, contribution to energy reduction, and yield predictability. Sustainable production of fruits and vegetables under greenhouse environments with reduced energy inputs entails proper integration of the existing climate control systems with IoT automation in order to incorporate real-time data transfer from multiple sensors into AI algorithms and crop growth models using cloud-based streaming systems. This chapter provides an overview of such an automation workflow in greenhouse environments by means of distributed wireless nodes that are cu...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/77779293" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="eba8a9872887bf2e75d9c00efc851c8a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":85053643,"asset_id":77779293,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/85053643/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDg5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5528889" href="https://florida.academia.edu/Redmond">Dr. Redmond R . 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Isotope","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stable_Isotope?f_ri=402"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9797553" data-work_id="9797553" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9797553/Geomorphological_Status_of_Sariska_Tiger_Reserve_in_Aravallis_with_Emphasis_on_Mineral_and_Environment">Geomorphological Status of Sariska Tiger Reserve in Aravallis with Emphasis on Mineral and Environment</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Geomorphology of Sariska Tiger Reserve in AravallisThe reserve has topography of undulating plateau land and wide valleys with flat vast plains to narrow and deep gorges. The terrain of Sariska Tiger Reserve is hilly maintain the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9797553" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Geomorphology of Sariska Tiger Reserve in AravallisThe reserve has topography of undulating plateau land and wide valleys with flat vast plains to narrow and deep gorges. The terrain of Sariska Tiger Reserve is hilly maintain the character of Aravalli system with sharp log back ridges. The slopes are steeper on their southern aspects than in other direction. The ridges and plateaus are convulated and curved, and run in many directions. There is a major valley referred to as the main valley which runs in a general east west direction through the reserve. The main valleys width ranges from 0.25 km. to 2 km. comprises with Kushalgarh in the west, it forks into 2 branches towards Tulsiwasla in the north-west and Sariska in the south-west. Another major valley, the Sariska-Kalighati valley, runs in a general north-south direction. It is narrow, about 0.25 km. wide for the distance of about 5 km. before it broaden out at Karnawas. At the Sariska, where it links up with main valley, it is almost 3 km. wide. To the south of core zone–I there is a wide valley (1 km.) which runs northwards from Mandalwas to Kaniyawas near Kankwari at the Sariska. In Sariska, they are in NNE-SSW direction.Sariska in the Northern part of the Aravallis has mainly residual hills, though there is a structural control as well. The residual hills occur as isolated, linear features in the line with the trend of the mountain and are spread from each other by wide gaps (Dhabriya, S.S., 1987).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9797553" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="247b57c7e53b224a3f6b2a3ea500bbfb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35970988,"asset_id":9797553,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35970988/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDg5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="15884715" href="https://independent.academia.edu/rsisinternational">RSIS International</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="15884715" type="text/json">{"id":15884715,"first_name":"RSIS","last_name":"International","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"rsisinternational","display_name":"RSIS International","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/rsisinternational?f_ri=402","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/15884715/4292882/4991110/s65_rsis.international.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9797553 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9797553"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9797553, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9797553", }); 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The terrain of Sariska Tiger Reserve is hilly maintain the character of Aravalli system with sharp log back ridges. The slopes are steeper on their southern aspects than in other direction. The ridges and plateaus are convulated and curved, and run in many directions. There is a major valley referred to as the main valley which runs in a general east west direction through the reserve. The main valleys width ranges from 0.25 km. to 2 km. comprises with Kushalgarh in the west, it forks into 2 branches towards Tulsiwasla in the north-west and Sariska in the south-west. Another major valley, the Sariska-Kalighati valley, runs in a general north-south direction. It is narrow, about 0.25 km. wide for the distance of about 5 km. before it broaden out at Karnawas. At the Sariska, where it links up with main valley, it is almost 3 km. wide. To the south of core zone–I there is a wide valley (1 km.) which runs northwards from Mandalwas to Kaniyawas near Kankwari at the Sariska. In Sariska, they are in NNE-SSW direction.Sariska in the Northern part of the Aravallis has mainly residual hills, though there is a structural control as well. The residual hills occur as isolated, linear features in the line with the trend of the mountain and are spread from each other by wide gaps (Dhabriya, S.S., 1987).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35970988,"asset_id":9797553,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":15884715,"first_name":"RSIS","last_name":"International","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"rsisinternational","display_name":"RSIS International","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/rsisinternational?f_ri=402","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/15884715/4292882/4991110/s65_rsis.international.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=402","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_80906981" data-work_id="80906981" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/80906981/Design_and_Optimization_of_Composite_Offshore_Wind_Turbine_Blades">Design and Optimization of Composite Offshore Wind Turbine Blades</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In order to obtain an optimal design of composite offshore wind turbine blade, take into account all the structural properties and the limiting conditions applied as close as possible to real cases. This work is divided into two stages:... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_80906981" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In order to obtain an optimal design of composite offshore wind turbine blade, take into account all the structural properties and the limiting conditions applied as close as possible to real cases. This work is divided into two stages: the aerodynamic design and the structural design. The optimal blade structural configuration was determined through a parametric study by using a finite element method. The skin thickness, thickness and width of the spar flange, and thickness, location, and length of the front and rear spar web were varied until design criteria were satisfied. The purpose of this article is to provide the designer with all the tools required to model and optimize the blades. The aerodynamic performance has been covered in this study using blade element momentum (BEM) method to calculate the loads applied to the turbine blade during service and extreme stormy conditions, and the finite element analysis was performed by using abaqus code to predict the most critical da...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/80906981" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="61859708" href="https://independent.academia.edu/mtarfaoui">mostapha tarfaoui</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="61859708" type="text/json">{"id":61859708,"first_name":"mostapha","last_name":"tarfaoui","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"mtarfaoui","display_name":"mostapha tarfaoui","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/mtarfaoui?f_ri=402","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/61859708/49241449/37212201/s65_mostapha.tarfaoui.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_80906981 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="80906981"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 80906981, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_80906981", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=80906981]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_80906981").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_80906981").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="80906981"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="402" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science">Environmental Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="402" type="text/json">{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=402","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="988" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Design">Design</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="988" type="text/json">{"id":988,"name":"Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Design?f_ri=402","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12502" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Composite_Materials">Composite Materials</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12502" type="text/json">{"id":12502,"name":"Composite Materials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Composite_Materials?f_ri=402","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="43981" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimization">Optimization</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="43981" type="text/json">{"id":43981,"name":"Optimization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimization?f_ri=402","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=80906981]'), work: {"id":80906981,"title":"Design and Optimization of Composite Offshore Wind Turbine Blades","created_at":"2022-06-07T03:12:08.500-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/80906981/Design_and_Optimization_of_Composite_Offshore_Wind_Turbine_Blades?f_ri=402","dom_id":"work_80906981","summary":"In order to obtain an optimal design of composite offshore wind turbine blade, take into account all the structural properties and the limiting conditions applied as close as possible to real cases. This work is divided into two stages: the aerodynamic design and the structural design. The optimal blade structural configuration was determined through a parametric study by using a finite element method. The skin thickness, thickness and width of the spar flange, and thickness, location, and length of the front and rear spar web were varied until design criteria were satisfied. The purpose of this article is to provide the designer with all the tools required to model and optimize the blades. The aerodynamic performance has been covered in this study using blade element momentum (BEM) method to calculate the loads applied to the turbine blade during service and extreme stormy conditions, and the finite element analysis was performed by using abaqus code to predict the most critical da...","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":61859708,"first_name":"mostapha","last_name":"tarfaoui","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"mtarfaoui","display_name":"mostapha tarfaoui","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/mtarfaoui?f_ri=402","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/61859708/49241449/37212201/s65_mostapha.tarfaoui.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=402","nofollow":false},{"id":988,"name":"Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Design?f_ri=402","nofollow":false},{"id":12502,"name":"Composite Materials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Composite_Materials?f_ri=402","nofollow":false},{"id":43981,"name":"Optimization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimization?f_ri=402","nofollow":false},{"id":113153,"name":"Turbine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turbine?f_ri=402"},{"id":188555,"name":"Offshore Wind Turbines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Offshore_Wind_Turbines?f_ri=402"},{"id":837232,"name":"Turbine Blade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turbine_Blade?f_ri=402"},{"id":1030966,"name":"Blades","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blades?f_ri=402"},{"id":1309821,"name":"Offshore Wind Power","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Offshore_Wind_Power?f_ri=402"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_79602351" data-work_id="79602351" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/79602351/Structural_analysis_of_offshore_wind_turbine_blades_using_finite_element_method">Structural analysis of offshore wind turbine blades using finite element method</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Wind energy is one among the most promising renewable energy sources, and hence there is fast growth of wind energy farm implantation over the last decade, which is expected to be even faster in the coming years. Wind turbine blades are... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_79602351" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Wind energy is one among the most promising renewable energy sources, and hence there is fast growth of wind energy farm implantation over the last decade, which is expected to be even faster in the coming years. Wind turbine blades are complex structures considering the different scientific fields involved in their study. Indeed, the study of blade performance involves fluid mechanics (aerodynamic study), solids mechanics (the nature of materials, the type of solicitations …), and the fluid coupling structure (IFS). The scope of the present work is to investigate the mechanical performances and structural integrity of a large offshore wind turbine blade under critical loads using blade element momentum. The resulting pressure was applied to the blade by the use of a user subroutine “DLOAD” implemented in ABAQUS finite element analysis software. The main objective is to identify and predict the zones which are sensitive to damage and failure as well as to evaluate the potential of c...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/79602351" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="19cf2d3305973b441765deb960daeede" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":86261091,"asset_id":79602351,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86261091/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDg5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="58682155" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HichamBoudounit">Hicham Boudounit</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="58682155" type="text/json">{"id":58682155,"first_name":"Hicham","last_name":"Boudounit","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HichamBoudounit","display_name":"Hicham Boudounit","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HichamBoudounit?f_ri=402","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/58682155/15633813/70172694/s65_hicham.boudounit.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_79602351 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="79602351"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 79602351, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_79602351", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_79602351 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79602351; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_79602351"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_79602351 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="79602351"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79602351; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=79602351]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_79602351").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_79602351").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="79602351"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="55" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering">Environmental Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="55" type="text/json">{"id":55,"name":"Environmental Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering?f_ri=402","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="402" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science">Environmental Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="402" type="text/json">{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=402","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1336" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Engineering">Structural Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1336" type="text/json">{"id":1336,"name":"Structural Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Engineering?f_ri=402","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5351" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wind_Engineering">Wind Engineering</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5351" type="text/json">{"id":5351,"name":"Wind Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wind_Engineering?f_ri=402","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=79602351]'), work: {"id":79602351,"title":"Structural analysis of offshore wind turbine blades using finite element method","created_at":"2022-05-21T12:10:32.807-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/79602351/Structural_analysis_of_offshore_wind_turbine_blades_using_finite_element_method?f_ri=402","dom_id":"work_79602351","summary":"Wind energy is one among the most promising renewable energy sources, and hence there is fast growth of wind energy farm implantation over the last decade, which is expected to be even faster in the coming years. Wind turbine blades are complex structures considering the different scientific fields involved in their study. Indeed, the study of blade performance involves fluid mechanics (aerodynamic study), solids mechanics (the nature of materials, the type of solicitations …), and the fluid coupling structure (IFS). The scope of the present work is to investigate the mechanical performances and structural integrity of a large offshore wind turbine blade under critical loads using blade element momentum. The resulting pressure was applied to the blade by the use of a user subroutine “DLOAD” implemented in ABAQUS finite element analysis software. The main objective is to identify and predict the zones which are sensitive to damage and failure as well as to evaluate the potential of c...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":86261091,"asset_id":79602351,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":58682155,"first_name":"Hicham","last_name":"Boudounit","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HichamBoudounit","display_name":"Hicham Boudounit","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HichamBoudounit?f_ri=402","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/58682155/15633813/70172694/s65_hicham.boudounit.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":55,"name":"Environmental Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering?f_ri=402","nofollow":false},{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=402","nofollow":false},{"id":1336,"name":"Structural Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Engineering?f_ri=402","nofollow":false},{"id":5351,"name":"Wind Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wind_Engineering?f_ri=402","nofollow":false},{"id":471104,"name":"Maritime Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Engineering?f_ri=402"},{"id":1309821,"name":"Offshore Wind Power","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Offshore_Wind_Power?f_ri=402"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_69627088" data-work_id="69627088" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/69627088/Natural_aggregate_replacement_by_recycled_materials_in_concrete_production">Natural aggregate replacement by recycled materials in concrete production</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Introduction Following a normal growth in population, the amount and type of waste materials have increased accordingly. Many of the non-decaying waste materials will remain in the environment for hundreds, perhaps thousands of years. The... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_69627088" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Introduction Following a normal growth in population, the amount and type of waste materials have increased accordingly. Many of the non-decaying waste materials will remain in the environment for hundreds, perhaps thousands of years. The non-decaying waste materials cause a waste disposal crisis, thereby contributing to the environmental problems. The problem of waste accumulation exists worldwide, specifically in the densely populated areas. Most of these materials are left as stockpiles, landfill material or illegally dumped in selected areas [1]. In the world is increasing demand and interest in aggregates from non-traditional sources such as from industrial by-products and recycled construction and demolition wastes. The American Concrete Institute (ACI) focuses on the removal and reuse of hardened concrete whereas the Department of the Environment and Water Resources in Australia and CSIRO have developed a guide on the use of recycled concrete and masonry materials. The Waste ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/69627088" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0ffe3c72568ee45e08e83eafc2e64923" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":79649549,"asset_id":69627088,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/79649549/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDg5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="37774838" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NadezdaStevulova">Nadezda Stevulova</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="37774838" type="text/json">{"id":37774838,"first_name":"Nadezda","last_name":"Stevulova","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NadezdaStevulova","display_name":"Nadezda Stevulova","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NadezdaStevulova?f_ri=402","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_69627088 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="69627088"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 69627088, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_69627088", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_69627088 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 69627088; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_69627088"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_69627088 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="69627088"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 69627088; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=69627088]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_69627088").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_69627088").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="69627088"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="402" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science">Environmental Science</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="402" type="text/json">{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=402","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=69627088]'), work: {"id":69627088,"title":"Natural aggregate replacement by recycled materials in concrete production","created_at":"2022-01-27T05:22:33.972-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/69627088/Natural_aggregate_replacement_by_recycled_materials_in_concrete_production?f_ri=402","dom_id":"work_69627088","summary":"Introduction Following a normal growth in population, the amount and type of waste materials have increased accordingly. Many of the non-decaying waste materials will remain in the environment for hundreds, perhaps thousands of years. The non-decaying waste materials cause a waste disposal crisis, thereby contributing to the environmental problems. The problem of waste accumulation exists worldwide, specifically in the densely populated areas. Most of these materials are left as stockpiles, landfill material or illegally dumped in selected areas [1]. In the world is increasing demand and interest in aggregates from non-traditional sources such as from industrial by-products and recycled construction and demolition wastes. The American Concrete Institute (ACI) focuses on the removal and reuse of hardened concrete whereas the Department of the Environment and Water Resources in Australia and CSIRO have developed a guide on the use of recycled concrete and masonry materials. The Waste ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":79649549,"asset_id":69627088,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":37774838,"first_name":"Nadezda","last_name":"Stevulova","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NadezdaStevulova","display_name":"Nadezda Stevulova","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NadezdaStevulova?f_ri=402","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=402","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_67766933" data-work_id="67766933" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67766933/A_review_of_research_on_economic_impacts_of_climate_change">A review of research on economic impacts of climate change</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/67766933" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bc951c9b3358d3780b9c0e983cf64852" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":78476010,"asset_id":67766933,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change">Climate Change</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1512" type="text/json">{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=402","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="149214" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Impact">Economic Impact</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="149214" type="text/json">{"id":149214,"name":"Economic Impact","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Impact?f_ri=402","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=67766933]'), work: {"id":67766933,"title":"A review of research on economic impacts of climate 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u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6394049/The_chess_players">The chess players</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6394049" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b31d6bfe98089a0f418b42ed032e8637" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48888308,"asset_id":6394049,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button 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style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6394049"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">45</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="140" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology">Pharmacology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="140" type="text/json">{"id":140,"name":"Pharmacology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology?f_ri=402","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="145" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry">Biochemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="145" type="text/json">{"id":145,"name":"Biochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry?f_ri=402","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="146" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioinformatics">Bioinformatics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="146" type="text/json">{"id":146,"name":"Bioinformatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioinformatics?f_ri=402","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="155" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology">Evolutionary Biology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="155" type="text/json">{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=402","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6394049]'), work: {"id":6394049,"title":"The chess 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Genomics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Functional_Genomics?f_ri=402"},{"id":33319,"name":"Nature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nature?f_ri=402"},{"id":38831,"name":"Signal Transduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Signal_Transduction?f_ri=402"},{"id":47599,"name":"Astronomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Astronomy?f_ri=402"},{"id":48057,"name":"DNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DNA?f_ri=402"},{"id":125784,"name":"Cell Signalling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Signalling?f_ri=402"},{"id":129299,"name":"Medical Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Research?f_ri=402"},{"id":1216203,"name":"Earth Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Science?f_ri=402"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_30100631" data-work_id="30100631" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30100631/IDENTIFICATION_OF_THE_CARBOHYDRATE_COMPONENTS_OF_SOUR_SOP_ANNONA_MURICATA_PULP_PEELS_docx">IDENTIFICATION OF THE CARBOHYDRATE COMPONENTS OF SOUR SOP (ANNONA MURICATA) PULP PEELS.docx</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This study evaluates the percentage content of carbohydrate components present in sour sop pulp peels. The samples were washed and dried at 60oC for eighteen hours; this was done to prevent the volatilization of some components at higher... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_30100631" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This study evaluates the percentage content of carbohydrate components present in sour sop pulp peels. The samples were washed and dried at 60oC for eighteen hours; this was done to prevent the volatilization of some components at higher temperatures. The carbohydrate components that were determined included starch, lignin, cellulose, hemicelluloses, holocellulose and reducing sugar. Standard methods were used to determine the various parameters. Results showed that starch, lignin, cellulose, hemicelluloses, holocellulose and reducing sugar had percentage concentrations of 0.25%, 14.7%, 20%, 15%, 34% and 14.3% respectively. This study shows that the peels of sour sop pulp have some industrial potentials especially in the production of paper and low cost ethanol.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30100631" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9ea14985fc6deab67a917914a3534d58" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50562531,"asset_id":30100631,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50562531/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDg5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="19592173" href="https://uniport.academia.edu/marcelchuks">Chuks M Maduba</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="19592173" type="text/json">{"id":19592173,"first_name":"Chuks","last_name":"Maduba","domain_name":"uniport","page_name":"marcelchuks","display_name":"Chuks M Maduba","profile_url":"https://uniport.academia.edu/marcelchuks?f_ri=402","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/19592173/15032378/15763173/s65_marcel.chuks.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_30100631 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="30100631"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 30100631, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_30100631", }); 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The samples were washed and dried at 60oC for eighteen hours; this was done to prevent the volatilization of some components at higher temperatures. The carbohydrate components that were determined included starch, lignin, cellulose, hemicelluloses, holocellulose and reducing sugar. Standard methods were used to determine the various parameters. Results showed that starch, lignin, cellulose, hemicelluloses, holocellulose and reducing sugar had percentage concentrations of 0.25%, 14.7%, 20%, 15%, 34% and 14.3% respectively. This study shows that the peels of sour sop pulp have some industrial potentials especially in the production of paper and low cost ethanol.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50562531,"asset_id":30100631,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":19592173,"first_name":"Chuks","last_name":"Maduba","domain_name":"uniport","page_name":"marcelchuks","display_name":"Chuks M Maduba","profile_url":"https://uniport.academia.edu/marcelchuks?f_ri=402","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/19592173/15032378/15763173/s65_marcel.chuks.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":145,"name":"Biochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry?f_ri=402","nofollow":false},{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=402","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28490364 coauthored" data-work_id="28490364" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28490364/Mobile_genetic_elements_the_agents_of_open_source_evolution">Mobile genetic elements: the agents of open source evolution</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28490364" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="80dd4080ba5938af0f4a8de588f222d8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48838381,"asset_id":28490364,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48838381/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDg5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="15811561" href="https://uga.academia.edu/AnneSummers">Anne Summers</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="15811561" type="text/json">{"id":15811561,"first_name":"Anne","last_name":"Summers","domain_name":"uga","page_name":"AnneSummers","display_name":"Anne Summers","profile_url":"https://uga.academia.edu/AnneSummers?f_ri=402","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-28490364">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-28490364"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/AToussaint1">A. 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href="https://www.academia.edu/20811342/ANCIENT_INDIAN_FLYING_MACHINES_vymnika_shastra_">ANCIENT INDIAN FLYING MACHINES (vymnika shastra)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">It is a precious knowledge of ancient india. this script was originally composed by mahrshi BHARADWAJA, the great indian sage around 5000 BC ,it content english transtation of some of its sanskrit stotras and shlokas.before wright... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_20811342" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">It is a precious knowledge of ancient india. this script was originally composed by mahrshi BHARADWAJA, the great indian sage around 5000 BC  ,it content english transtation of some of its sanskrit stotras and shlokas.before wright brothers first aircraft was made by dr Talpade was an Indian scholar who is said to have constructed and flown an unmanned airplane in 1895 with reference of this ancient hindu sanskrit manuscript .</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/20811342" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a7cb53dd971d0f4938c2715ebc1389e8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41575094,"asset_id":20811342,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" 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water defense</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">It is through specific genealogies of scholarship on race and coloniality, Indigenous feminisms, and Black feminisms that we can escape the well-rehearsed trope of 'land as body'. Within a comparative hemispheric American studies... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_45292224" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">It is through specific genealogies of scholarship on race and coloniality, Indigenous feminisms, and Black feminisms that we can escape the well-rehearsed trope of 'land as body'. Within a comparative hemispheric American studies framework, I consider the centre of struggles over empire and extractivism that show the unravelling of the binary between embodiment and territories. I also consider submerged perspectives and forms of solidarity by those who refuse the material and symbolic infrastructures of racial and extractive capitalism.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/45292224" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4766329b03e1f629310ecd096c2a1f26" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65846303,"asset_id":45292224,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65846303/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDg5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="608638" href="https://brown.academia.edu/MacarenaG%C3%B3mezBarris">Macarena Gómez-Barris</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="608638" type="text/json">{"id":608638,"first_name":"Macarena","last_name":"Gómez-Barris","domain_name":"brown","page_name":"MacarenaGómezBarris","display_name":"Macarena Gómez-Barris","profile_url":"https://brown.academia.edu/MacarenaG%C3%B3mezBarris?f_ri=402","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/608638/212480/22831300/s65_macarena.g_mez-barris.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_45292224 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="45292224"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 45292224, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_45292224", }); 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This site is unique not just due to its preservation and content but also in that it has been an opportunity for International (Japanese sponsorship in this case), federal , state, and local agencies to work with Tribes in the preservation of a area that is geologically distinct and vitally important to the maintenance of the culture of the three Tribes involved. This world-wide partnership will not only allow us to better understand but also better protect one of the best wet sites on the Columbia River.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/66258065" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8ea30c51db7c604a31dfe9eef99e9e9a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":77520518,"asset_id":66258065,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77520518/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDg5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="30823739" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MichelePunke">Michele Punke</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="30823739" type="text/json">{"id":30823739,"first_name":"Michele","last_name":"Punke","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MichelePunke","display_name":"Michele Punke","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MichelePunke?f_ri=402","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_66258065 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="66258065"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 66258065, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_66258065", }); 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This site is unique not just due to its preservation and content but also in that it has been an opportunity for International (Japanese sponsorship in this case), federal , state, and local agencies to work with Tribes in the preservation of a area that is geologically distinct and vitally important to the maintenance of the culture of the three Tribes involved. This world-wide partnership will not only allow us to better understand but also better protect one of the best wet sites on the Columbia River.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":77520518,"asset_id":66258065,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":30823739,"first_name":"Michele","last_name":"Punke","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MichelePunke","display_name":"Michele Punke","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MichelePunke?f_ri=402","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=402","nofollow":false},{"id":13664,"name":"Ground Penetrating Radar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ground_Penetrating_Radar?f_ri=402","nofollow":false},{"id":22566,"name":"Basketry (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Basketry_Archaeology_?f_ri=402","nofollow":false},{"id":32801,"name":"Wetland Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wetland_Archaeology?f_ri=402","nofollow":false},{"id":36690,"name":"Indigenous Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Archaeology?f_ri=402"},{"id":65417,"name":"Pacific Northwest Coast archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pacific_Northwest_Coast_archaeology?f_ri=402"},{"id":74400,"name":"Japanese archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Japanese_archaeology?f_ri=402"},{"id":106423,"name":"Geoarchaeology and Paleoenvironmental Reconstructions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geoarchaeology_and_Paleoenvironmental_Reconstructions?f_ri=402"},{"id":138782,"name":"Wet-site archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wet-site_archaeology?f_ri=402"},{"id":168587,"name":"Northwest Coast Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Northwest_Coast_Archaeology?f_ri=402"},{"id":351677,"name":"Oregon Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oregon_Archaeology?f_ri=402"},{"id":357745,"name":"Pits (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pits_Archaeology_?f_ri=402"},{"id":635141,"name":"Storage Pits In Prehistory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Storage_Pits_In_Prehistory?f_ri=402"},{"id":1050274,"name":"Study of Acorns","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Study_of_Acorns?f_ri=402"},{"id":1163358,"name":"Jomon Period Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jomon_Period_Archaeology?f_ri=402"},{"id":1183254,"name":"Acorns As a Food Source","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acorns_As_a_Food_Source?f_ri=402"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29776743" data-work_id="29776743" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29776743/Solid_Waste_Management_in_Rural_Areas">Solid Waste Management in Rural Areas</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The book points out that rural regions need proper attention at the global level concerning solid waste management sector where bad practices and public health threats could be avoided through traditional and integrated waste management... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29776743" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The book points out that rural regions need proper attention at the global level concerning solid waste management sector where bad practices and public health threats could be avoided through traditional and integrated waste management <br />routes. Solid waste management in rural areas is a key issue in developing and transitioning countries due to the lack of proper waste management facilities and services. The book further examines, on the one hand, the main challenges in the development of reliable waste management practices across rural regions and, on the other hand, the concrete solutions and the new opportunities across the world in dealing with municipal and agricultural wastes. The book provides useful information for academics, various professionals, the members of civil society, and national and local authorities.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29776743" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3c7a1c116f51be1aa314710bfbd91785" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54684637,"asset_id":29776743,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54684637/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDg5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="9857303" href="https://uaic.academia.edu/FlorinConstantinMIHAI">Florin Constantin MIHAI</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="9857303" type="text/json">{"id":9857303,"first_name":"Florin Constantin","last_name":"MIHAI","domain_name":"uaic","page_name":"FlorinConstantinMIHAI","display_name":"Florin Constantin MIHAI","profile_url":"https://uaic.academia.edu/FlorinConstantinMIHAI?f_ri=402","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9857303/3082492/149487682/s65_florin_constantin.mihai.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29776743 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29776743"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29776743, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29776743", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29776743]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_29776743").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_29776743").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="29776743"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">54</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="55" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering">Environmental Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="55" type="text/json">{"id":55,"name":"Environmental Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering?f_ri=402","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="72" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering">Chemical Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="72" type="text/json">{"id":72,"name":"Chemical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering?f_ri=402","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="205" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rural_Sociology">Rural Sociology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="205" type="text/json">{"id":205,"name":"Rural Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rural_Sociology?f_ri=402","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="261" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography">Geography</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="261" type="text/json">{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography?f_ri=402","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=29776743]'), work: {"id":29776743,"title":"Solid Waste Management in Rural Areas","created_at":"2016-11-10T03:31:28.285-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/29776743/Solid_Waste_Management_in_Rural_Areas?f_ri=402","dom_id":"work_29776743","summary":"The book points out that rural regions need proper attention at the global level concerning solid waste management sector where bad practices and public health threats could be avoided through traditional and integrated waste management\r\nroutes. Solid waste management in rural areas is a key issue in developing and transitioning countries due to the lack of proper waste management facilities and services. The book further examines, on the one hand, the main challenges in the development of reliable waste management practices across rural regions and, on the other hand, the concrete solutions and the new opportunities across the world in dealing with municipal and agricultural wastes. The book provides useful information for academics, various professionals, the members of civil society, and national and local authorities.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54684637,"asset_id":29776743,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":9857303,"first_name":"Florin Constantin","last_name":"MIHAI","domain_name":"uaic","page_name":"FlorinConstantinMIHAI","display_name":"Florin Constantin MIHAI","profile_url":"https://uaic.academia.edu/FlorinConstantinMIHAI?f_ri=402","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9857303/3082492/149487682/s65_florin_constantin.mihai.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":55,"name":"Environmental Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering?f_ri=402","nofollow":false},{"id":72,"name":"Chemical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering?f_ri=402","nofollow":false},{"id":205,"name":"Rural 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Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Local_Government_and_Local_Development?f_ri=402"},{"id":8962,"name":"Waste-to-Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Waste-to-Energy?f_ri=402"},{"id":9787,"name":"Environmental Policy and Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Policy_and_Governance?f_ri=402"},{"id":9879,"name":"Rural Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rural_Geography?f_ri=402"},{"id":10347,"name":"European Union","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union?f_ri=402"},{"id":11979,"name":"Air Pollution and Health Effects","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Air_Pollution_and_Health_Effects?f_ri=402"},{"id":12047,"name":"Regional development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_development?f_ri=402"},{"id":14084,"name":"Energy and Environment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_and_Environment?f_ri=402"},{"id":14085,"name":"Waste 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Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_and_Environmental_Engineering-1?f_ri=402"},{"id":1208617,"name":"Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainability?f_ri=402"},{"id":1235759,"name":"Dispose of Waste","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dispose_of_Waste?f_ri=402"},{"id":1723635,"name":"Public Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Policy?f_ri=402"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9194623" data-work_id="9194623" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9194623/Thyroid_Disrupting_Chemicals_in_Plastic_Additives_and_Thyroid_Health">Thyroid Disrupting Chemicals in Plastic Additives and Thyroid Health</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The globally escalating thyroid nodule incidence rates may be only partially ascribed to better diagnostics, allowing for the assessment of environmental risk factors on thyroid disease. Endocrine disruptors or thyroid-disrupting... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9194623" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The globally escalating thyroid nodule incidence rates may be only partially ascribed to better diagnostics, allowing for the assessment of environmental risk factors on thyroid disease. Endocrine disruptors or thyroid-disrupting chemicals (TDC) like bisphenol A, phthalates, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers are widely used as plastic additives in consumer products. This comprehensive review studied the magnitude and uncertainty of TDC exposures and their effects on thyroid hormones for sensitive subpopulation groups like pregnant women, infants, and children. Our findings qualitatively suggest the mixed, significant (α = 0.05) TDC associations with natural thyroid hormones (positive or negative sign). Future studies should undertake systematic meta-analyses to elucidate pooled TDC effect estimates on thyroid health indicators and outcomes.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9194623" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8d1dd58c2b4b9eb968b1fcc7e265feb8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47855518,"asset_id":9194623,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47855518/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDg5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="21044179" href="https://independent.academia.edu/bansyam">syam ban</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="21044179" type="text/json">{"id":21044179,"first_name":"syam","last_name":"ban","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"bansyam","display_name":"syam ban","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/bansyam?f_ri=402","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9194623 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9194623"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9194623, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9194623", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9194623]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_9194623").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_9194623").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="9194623"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">30</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="55" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering">Environmental Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="55" type="text/json">{"id":55,"name":"Environmental Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering?f_ri=402","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="402" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science">Environmental Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="402" type="text/json">{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=402","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4523" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality">Water quality</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4523" type="text/json">{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=402","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7403" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health">Environmental Health</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7403" type="text/json">{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=402","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9194623]'), work: {"id":9194623,"title":"Thyroid Disrupting Chemicals in Plastic Additives and Thyroid Health","created_at":"2014-11-08T14:45:34.713-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/9194623/Thyroid_Disrupting_Chemicals_in_Plastic_Additives_and_Thyroid_Health?f_ri=402","dom_id":"work_9194623","summary":"The globally escalating thyroid nodule incidence rates may be only partially ascribed to better diagnostics, allowing for the assessment of environmental risk factors on thyroid disease. Endocrine disruptors or thyroid-disrupting chemicals (TDC) like bisphenol A, phthalates, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers are widely used as plastic additives in consumer products. This comprehensive review studied the magnitude and uncertainty of TDC exposures and their effects on thyroid hormones for sensitive subpopulation groups like pregnant women, infants, and children. Our findings qualitatively suggest the mixed, significant (α = 0.05) TDC associations with natural thyroid hormones (positive or negative sign). Future studies should undertake systematic meta-analyses to elucidate pooled TDC effect estimates on thyroid health indicators and outcomes.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47855518,"asset_id":9194623,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":21044179,"first_name":"syam","last_name":"ban","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"bansyam","display_name":"syam ban","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/bansyam?f_ri=402","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":55,"name":"Environmental Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering?f_ri=402","nofollow":false},{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=402","nofollow":false},{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=402","nofollow":false},{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=402","nofollow":false},{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=402"},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=402"},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=402"},{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=402"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=402"},{"id":76078,"name":"Thyroid gland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thyroid_gland?f_ri=402"},{"id":82446,"name":"bisphenol A","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/bisphenol_A?f_ri=402"},{"id":86650,"name":"Endocrine disruptors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endocrine_disruptors?f_ri=402"},{"id":98134,"name":"United States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States?f_ri=402"},{"id":104708,"name":"Plastics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastics?f_ri=402"},{"id":133057,"name":"Young Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Adult?f_ri=402"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant?f_ri=402"},{"id":141399,"name":"Thyroxine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thyroxine?f_ri=402"},{"id":141400,"name":"Thyroid Hormones","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thyroid_Hormones?f_ri=402"},{"id":253560,"name":"Newborn Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Newborn_Infant?f_ri=402"},{"id":347988,"name":"Phenols","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenols?f_ri=402"},{"id":486566,"name":"Pregnant Women","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnant_Women?f_ri=402"},{"id":622367,"name":"Water Quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Quality-1?f_ri=402"},{"id":626837,"name":"Endocrine Disruptors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endocrine_Disruptors-1?f_ri=402"},{"id":888897,"name":"Health Indicator","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Indicator?f_ri=402"},{"id":1034181,"name":"Cross Sectional Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_Sectional_Studies?f_ri=402"},{"id":1250609,"name":"Thyroid Stimulating Hormone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thyroid_Stimulating_Hormone?f_ri=402"},{"id":1312021,"name":"Environmental Exposure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Exposure?f_ri=402"},{"id":1553471,"name":"Thyroid nodule","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thyroid_nodule?f_ri=402"},{"id":1878977,"name":"Maternal Exposure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maternal_Exposure?f_ri=402"},{"id":2489700,"name":"Child preschool","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_preschool?f_ri=402"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9542738" data-work_id="9542738" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9542738/Media_Lingkungan_Air_Udara_Pangan_Vektor_Penyakit_Berbasis_Lingkungan_">Media Lingkungan: Air, Udara, Pangan, Vektor (Penyakit Berbasis Lingkungan)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Kualitas lingkungan merupakan determinan penting terhadap kesehatan masyarakat. Status kesehatan lingkungan didiagnosis menggunakan indikator-indikator kesehatan lingkungan. Indikator-indikator kesehatan lingkungan diterapkan pada... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9542738" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Kualitas lingkungan merupakan determinan penting terhadap kesehatan masyarakat. Status kesehatan lingkungan didiagnosis menggunakan indikator-indikator kesehatan lingkungan. Indikator-indikator kesehatan lingkungan diterapkan pada media-media lingkungan seperti air, udara, pangan, dan vektor. Air mempunyai hubungan yang erat dengan kesehatan. Apabila tidak diperhatikan, maka air yang dipergunakan masyarakat dapat mengganggu kesehatan manusia. Udara yang kotor seperti debu, asap rokok, asap pembakaran, asap pabrik dapat menimbulkan berbagai permasalahan kesehatan khususnya dalam perkembangbiakan dan penyebaran berbagai bibit penyakit. Selain itu, kebersihan dan keamanan pangan dan tidak terkendalinya vektor penyakit juga memiliki potensi besar dalam menyebabkan kondisi yang tidak kondusif untuk kesehatan manusia.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9542738" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d8ffd30bf9205978f738fc74d592c3ad" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35763501,"asset_id":9542738,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35763501/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDg5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6843726" href="https://ui.academia.edu/Tadzkiadaraayunda">Tadzkia dara ayunda</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6843726" type="text/json">{"id":6843726,"first_name":"Tadzkia","last_name":"dara ayunda","domain_name":"ui","page_name":"Tadzkiadaraayunda","display_name":"Tadzkia dara ayunda","profile_url":"https://ui.academia.edu/Tadzkiadaraayunda?f_ri=402","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6843726/5286014/155551468/s65_tadzkia.dara_ayunda.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9542738 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9542738"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9542738, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9542738", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9542738]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_9542738").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_9542738").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="9542738"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="402" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science">Environmental Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="402" type="text/json">{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=402","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="586" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences">Health Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="586" type="text/json">{"id":586,"name":"Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences?f_ri=402","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16288" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health">Public Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16288" type="text/json">{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=402","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18845" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability">Environmental Sustainability</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="18845" type="text/json">{"id":18845,"name":"Environmental Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability?f_ri=402","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9542738]'), work: {"id":9542738,"title":"Media Lingkungan: Air, Udara, Pangan, Vektor (Penyakit Berbasis Lingkungan)","created_at":"2014-11-28T09:58:23.411-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/9542738/Media_Lingkungan_Air_Udara_Pangan_Vektor_Penyakit_Berbasis_Lingkungan_?f_ri=402","dom_id":"work_9542738","summary":"Kualitas lingkungan merupakan determinan penting terhadap kesehatan masyarakat. Status kesehatan lingkungan didiagnosis menggunakan indikator-indikator kesehatan lingkungan. Indikator-indikator kesehatan lingkungan diterapkan pada media-media lingkungan seperti air, udara, pangan, dan vektor. Air mempunyai hubungan yang erat dengan kesehatan. Apabila tidak diperhatikan, maka air yang dipergunakan masyarakat dapat mengganggu kesehatan manusia. Udara yang kotor seperti debu, asap rokok, asap pembakaran, asap pabrik dapat menimbulkan berbagai permasalahan kesehatan khususnya dalam perkembangbiakan dan penyebaran berbagai bibit penyakit. Selain itu, kebersihan dan keamanan pangan dan tidak terkendalinya vektor penyakit juga memiliki potensi besar dalam menyebabkan kondisi yang tidak kondusif untuk kesehatan manusia.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35763501,"asset_id":9542738,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6843726,"first_name":"Tadzkia","last_name":"dara ayunda","domain_name":"ui","page_name":"Tadzkiadaraayunda","display_name":"Tadzkia dara ayunda","profile_url":"https://ui.academia.edu/Tadzkiadaraayunda?f_ri=402","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6843726/5286014/155551468/s65_tadzkia.dara_ayunda.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=402","nofollow":false},{"id":586,"name":"Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences?f_ri=402","nofollow":false},{"id":16288,"name":"Public 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Perry<br />E.L. Quarantelli<br />Editors</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10800590" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="73fa4b955716dfb5077072fd7bfb7f78" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36639985,"asset_id":10800590,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36639985/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDg5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="21590409" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MsilviraMD">Ms ilvira MD</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="21590409" type="text/json">{"id":21590409,"first_name":"Ms ilvira","last_name":"MD","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MsilviraMD","display_name":"Ms ilvira MD","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MsilviraMD?f_ri=402","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/21590409/5929521/6732291/s65_ms_ilvira.md.jpg_oh_d4f84195c5eac46e8c2361366f21f44b_oe_54e73c18___gda___1427717795_78a769cc5352b08f60253225da7495ed"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10800590 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10800590"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10800590, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10800590", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_10800590 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10800590; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_10800590"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_10800590 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="10800590"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10800590; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10800590]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_10800590").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_10800590").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="10800590"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="402" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science">Environmental Science</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="402" type="text/json">{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=402","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10800590]'), work: {"id":10800590,"title":"What is A Disaster: New Answers to Old Questions","created_at":"2015-02-14T18:07:42.310-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/10800590/What_is_A_Disaster_New_Answers_to_Old_Questions?f_ri=402","dom_id":"work_10800590","summary":"Untuk rujukan : Kajian dan penulisan oleh\nRonald W. 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$(".js-percentile-work_9069917"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_9069917 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="9069917"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9069917; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9069917]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_9069917").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_9069917").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="9069917"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">46</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="140" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology">Pharmacology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="140" type="text/json">{"id":140,"name":"Pharmacology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology?f_ri=402","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="145" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry">Biochemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="145" type="text/json">{"id":145,"name":"Biochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry?f_ri=402","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="146" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioinformatics">Bioinformatics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="146" type="text/json">{"id":146,"name":"Bioinformatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioinformatics?f_ri=402","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="155" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology">Evolutionary Biology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="155" type="text/json">{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=402","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9069917]'), work: {"id":9069917,"title":"Body image in Ancient 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Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Systems_Biology?f_ri=402"},{"id":6021,"name":"Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer?f_ri=402"},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=402"},{"id":7802,"name":"Metabolomics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metabolomics?f_ri=402"},{"id":9113,"name":"Cell Cycle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Cycle?f_ri=402"},{"id":9786,"name":"Proteomics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Proteomics?f_ri=402"},{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=402"},{"id":10640,"name":"Drug Discovery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Discovery?f_ri=402"},{"id":10882,"name":"Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution?f_ri=402"},{"id":12693,"name":"Body 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href="https://www.academia.edu/5142046/TRABAJO_DE_INVESTIGACION_DEL_PETROLEO_EL_PETROLEO">TRABAJO DE INVESTIGACION DEL PETROLEO EL PETROLEO</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5142046" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1ec36e7bffe8c3dc45f8280a6edfa800" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32342962,"asset_id":5142046,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32342962/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDg5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6937850" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PaoMontalvo">Pao Montalvo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6937850" type="text/json">{"id":6937850,"first_name":"Pao","last_name":"Montalvo","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PaoMontalvo","display_name":"Pao Montalvo","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PaoMontalvo?f_ri=402","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6937850/3306222/3890737/s65_pao.montalvo.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5142046 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5142046"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5142046, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5142046", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_5142046 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5142046; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_5142046"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_5142046 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5142046"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5142046; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5142046]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_5142046").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_5142046").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5142046"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="402" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science">Environmental Science</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="402" type="text/json">{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=402","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5142046]'), work: {"id":5142046,"title":"TRABAJO DE INVESTIGACION DEL PETROLEO EL PETROLEO","created_at":"2013-11-18T11:39:47.447-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5142046/TRABAJO_DE_INVESTIGACION_DEL_PETROLEO_EL_PETROLEO?f_ri=402","dom_id":"work_5142046","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32342962,"asset_id":5142046,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6937850,"first_name":"Pao","last_name":"Montalvo","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PaoMontalvo","display_name":"Pao Montalvo","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PaoMontalvo?f_ri=402","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6937850/3306222/3890737/s65_pao.montalvo.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=402","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_67405736" data-work_id="67405736" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67405736/Discharge_policies_for_low_level_radioactive_effluents_in_Turkey">Discharge policies for low level radioactive effluents in Turkey</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/67405736" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ff752826af85fd3cc561cd49671ab19b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":78234149,"asset_id":67405736,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78234149/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDg5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="820891" href="https://gazi.academia.edu/ibrahimUSLU">Prof.Dr. İbrahim USLU</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="820891" type="text/json">{"id":820891,"first_name":"Prof.Dr. İbrahim","last_name":"USLU","domain_name":"gazi","page_name":"ibrahimUSLU","display_name":"Prof.Dr. İbrahim USLU","profile_url":"https://gazi.academia.edu/ibrahimUSLU?f_ri=402","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/820891/285303/337453/s65__brahim.uslu.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_67405736 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="67405736"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 67405736, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_67405736", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_67405736 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67405736; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_67405736"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_67405736 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="67405736"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67405736; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67405736]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_67405736").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_67405736").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="67405736"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="402" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science">Environmental Science</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="402" type="text/json">{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=402","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=67405736]'), work: {"id":67405736,"title":"Discharge policies for low level radioactive effluents in Turkey","created_at":"2022-01-06T09:56:50.297-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/67405736/Discharge_policies_for_low_level_radioactive_effluents_in_Turkey?f_ri=402","dom_id":"work_67405736","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78234149,"asset_id":67405736,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":820891,"first_name":"Prof.Dr. İbrahim","last_name":"USLU","domain_name":"gazi","page_name":"ibrahimUSLU","display_name":"Prof.Dr. İbrahim USLU","profile_url":"https://gazi.academia.edu/ibrahimUSLU?f_ri=402","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/820891/285303/337453/s65__brahim.uslu.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=402","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35186301" data-work_id="35186301" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35186301/Evaluation_of_Community_Participations_in_Solid_Waste_Management_in_Bauchi_Metropolis_pdf">Evaluation of Community Participations in Solid Waste Management in Bauchi Metropolis.pdf</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This research studied community participation in solid waste management in Bauchi metropolis with the aims of evaluating community involvement in the management of solid waste in the study areas. Data collection method include the use of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35186301" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This research studied community participation in solid waste management in Bauchi metropolis with the aims of evaluating community involvement in the management of solid waste in the study areas. Data collection method include the use of questionnaire and observations. The questionnaire covered information on personal data, occupation, types of containers used in storing wastes at home, stakeholders in charge of solid wastes managemen, how satisfied communities are with the way solid waste managemens. Three research questions were raised and based on the three stated objectives. The population of study were peoples residing in Bauchi metropolis. Through the use of stratified sampling techniques, 100 copied of questionnaires were administered to the respondents. Observation and documented materials were also used to collect data for the study. Data were presented on tables and charts. The survey found out that 92% of respondents do not segregate solid waste at point of generation in the study area. They often regard waste as a useless materials that most be disposed off and even those ho segregates it were farmers who used the organic waste in their farm in other to improve the fertility of the soil. The private or informal sector organization combined, managed about 57.8% of the total wastes generated in the study area while Bauchi State Environmental Protection Agency (BASEPA) managed the remaining 42.2% which is the statutory body I charge of the exercise.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35186301" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fd0090ff430f81eeeea2aeee354bcaad" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55046974,"asset_id":35186301,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55046974/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDg5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="52395909" href="https://independent.academia.edu/salisuusman2">salisu usman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="52395909" type="text/json">{"id":52395909,"first_name":"salisu","last_name":"usman","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"salisuusman2","display_name":"salisu usman","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/salisuusman2?f_ri=402","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35186301 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35186301"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35186301, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35186301", }); 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Data collection method include the use of questionnaire and observations. The questionnaire covered information on personal data, occupation, types of containers used in storing wastes at home, stakeholders in charge of solid wastes managemen, how satisfied communities are with the way solid waste managemens. Three research questions were raised and based on the three stated objectives. The population of study were peoples residing in Bauchi metropolis. Through the use of stratified sampling techniques, 100 copied of questionnaires were administered to the respondents. Observation and documented materials were also used to collect data for the study. Data were presented on tables and charts. The survey found out that 92% of respondents do not segregate solid waste at point of generation in the study area. They often regard waste as a useless materials that most be disposed off and even those ho segregates it were farmers who used the organic waste in their farm in other to improve the fertility of the soil. The private or informal sector organization combined, managed about 57.8% of the total wastes generated in the study area while Bauchi State Environmental Protection Agency (BASEPA) managed the remaining 42.2% which is the statutory body I charge of the exercise.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55046974,"asset_id":35186301,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":52395909,"first_name":"salisu","last_name":"usman","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"salisuusman2","display_name":"salisu usman","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/salisuusman2?f_ri=402","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=402","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7283863" data-work_id="7283863" 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data-work_id="68106420" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68106420/Anti_herbivore_silicon_defences_in_a_model_grass_are_greatest_under_Miocene_levels_of_atmospheric_CO2">Anti-herbivore silicon defences in a model grass are greatest under Miocene levels of atmospheric CO2</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Silicon (Si) has an important role in mitigating diverse biotic and abiotic stresses in plants, mainly via the silicification of plant tissues. Environmental changes such as atmospheric CO2 concentrations may affect grass Si... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_68106420" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Silicon (Si) has an important role in mitigating diverse biotic and abiotic stresses in plants, mainly via the silicification of plant tissues. Environmental changes such as atmospheric CO2 concentrations may affect grass Si concentrations which, in turn, can alter herbivore performance. We recently demonstrated that pre-industrial atmospheric CO2 increased Si accumulation in Brachypodium distachyon grass, yet the patterns of Si deposition in leaves and whether this affects insect herbivores performance remains unknown. Moreover, it is unclear whether CO2 -driven changes in Si accumulation are linked to changes in gas exchange (e.g. transpiration rates). We therefore investigated how pre-industrial (reduced) (rCO2 , 200 ppm), ambient (aCO2 , 410 ppm) and elevated (eCO2 , 640 ppm) CO2 concentrations, in combination with Si-treatment (Si+ or Si-), affected Si accumulation in B. distachyon and its subsequent effect on the performance of the global insect pest, Helicoverpa armigera. rCO...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/68106420" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="187324065" href="https://westernsydney.academia.edu/FikaduBiru">Fikadu Biru</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="187324065" type="text/json">{"id":187324065,"first_name":"Fikadu","last_name":"Biru","domain_name":"westernsydney","page_name":"FikaduBiru","display_name":"Fikadu Biru","profile_url":"https://westernsydney.academia.edu/FikaduBiru?f_ri=402","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/187324065/58009177/59927629/s65_fikadu.biru.jpeg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-68106420">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-68106420"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/XimenaCibilsStewart">Ximena Cibils-Stewart</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/TarikulIslam281">Tarikul Islam</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-68106420'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-68106420').html(); 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Environmental changes such as atmospheric CO2 concentrations may affect grass Si concentrations which, in turn, can alter herbivore performance. We recently demonstrated that pre-industrial atmospheric CO2 increased Si accumulation in Brachypodium distachyon grass, yet the patterns of Si deposition in leaves and whether this affects insect herbivores performance remains unknown. Moreover, it is unclear whether CO2 -driven changes in Si accumulation are linked to changes in gas exchange (e.g. transpiration rates). We therefore investigated how pre-industrial (reduced) (rCO2 , 200 ppm), ambient (aCO2 , 410 ppm) and elevated (eCO2 , 640 ppm) CO2 concentrations, in combination with Si-treatment (Si+ or Si-), affected Si accumulation in B. distachyon and its subsequent effect on the performance of the global insect pest, Helicoverpa armigera. rCO...","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":187324065,"first_name":"Fikadu","last_name":"Biru","domain_name":"westernsydney","page_name":"FikaduBiru","display_name":"Fikadu Biru","profile_url":"https://westernsydney.academia.edu/FikaduBiru?f_ri=402","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/187324065/58009177/59927629/s65_fikadu.biru.jpeg"},{"id":212913371,"first_name":"Ximena","last_name":"Cibils-Stewart","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"XimenaCibilsStewart","display_name":"Ximena 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