CINXE.COM

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<p>Cancer is a term used to define a group of diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control, are able to invade neighboring tissues/organs and metastasize. Cancer has been characterized by six hallmarks; self sufficiency in proliferative growth signals, insensitivity to growth inhibitors, evasion of apoptosis, limitless replicative potential, ability to develop blood vessels (angiogenesis), and tissue invasion and metastasis.</p> <p>Cancers are often named after the organ in which they are first detected - the primary tumor site. Each primary tumor site has characteristic features and markers that can be targeted in research. For more information about each cancer type by primary tumor site see the Cancer Disease Product Areas below.</p> <div class="tabbed_content"> <div class="tab_menu"> <div class="tab tab_1 tab_open" data-tab="1" data-tabname="products" id="pharm_tabs_products"> <span>Research Areas</span></div> <div class="tab tab_4" data-tab="4" data-tabname="literature" id="pharm_tabs_literature"><span>Literature (12)</span> </div> <div class="tab tab_5" data-tab="5" data-tabname="pathways" id="pharm_tabs_pathways"><span>Pathways (6)</span> </div> </div> <div class="tab_content tab_1 tab_open" data-tab="1"> <div class="pharm_sub_cats"><h3>Cancer Disease Product Areas</h3><ul class="tile_column_1"><li><a href="/research-area/breast-cancer" title="Browse products for Breast Cancer">Breast Cancer</a></li><li><a href="/research-area/colorectal-cancer" title="Browse products for Colorectal Cancer">Colorectal Cancer</a></li><li><a href="/research-area/liver-cancer" title="Browse products for Liver Cancer">Liver Cancer</a></li></ul><ul class="tile_column_2"><li><a href="/research-area/lung-cancer" title="Browse products for Lung Cancer">Lung Cancer</a></li><li><a href="/research-area/pancreatic-cancer" title="Browse products for Pancreatic Cancer">Pancreatic Cancer</a></li><li><a href="/research-area/prostate-cancer" title="Browse products for Prostate Cancer">Prostate Cancer</a></li></ul><h3>Cancer Research Product Areas</h3><ul class="tile_column_1"><li><a href="/cell-biology/angiogenesis" title="Browse products for Angiogenesis">Angiogenesis</a></li><li><a href="/cell-biology/apoptosis" title="Browse products for Apoptosis">Apoptosis</a></li><li><a href="/research-area/cancer-immunology" title="Browse products for Cancer Immunology">Cancer Immunology</a></li><li><a href="/research-area/cancer-metabolism" title="Browse products for Cancer Metabolism">Cancer Metabolism</a></li><li><a href="/cell-biology/cancer-stem-cells" title="Browse products for Cancer Stem Cells">Cancer Stem Cells</a></li><li><a href="/cell-biology/cell-cycle" title="Browse products for Cell Cycle">Cell Cycle</a></li><li><a href="/research-area/epigenetics-in-cancer" title="Browse products for Epigenetics in Cancer">Epigenetics in Cancer</a></li></ul><ul class="tile_column_2"><li><a href="/research-area/growth-factors-and-cytokines" title="Browse products for Growth Factors and Cytokines">Growth Factors and Cytokines</a></li><li><a href="/research-area/metastasis" title="Browse products for Metastasis">Metastasis</a></li><li><a href="/pharmacology/multidrug-transporters" title="Browse products for Multidrug Transporters">Multidrug Transporters</a></li><li><a href="/product-type/targeted-protein-degradation" title="Browse products for PROTAC® Degraders & Targeted Protein Degradation">PROTAC<sup>®</sup> Degraders & Targeted Protein Degradation</a></li><li><a href="/cell-biology/signal-transduction" title="Browse products for Signal Transduction">Signal Transduction</a></li><li><a href="/research-area/tumor-microenvironment" title="Browse products for Tumor Microenvironment">Tumor Microenvironment</a></li></ul></div> <div class="pharm_long_desc"><h5>Cancer Classification</h5> <p>There are more than 100 different types of human cancer. As well as being named after the organ or type of cell in which they start, cancer types can also be grouped into broad categories, the five main ones being:</p> <ul> <li>Carcinoma - cancer that begins in the skin or in tissues that line internal organs.</li> <li>Sarcoma - cancer that begins in connective or supportive tissue (bone, cartilage, muscle).</li> <li>Leukemia - cancer that starts in blood-forming tissue such as the bone marrow. Abnormal blood cells are produced which enter the bloodstream.</li> <li>Lymphoma and myeloma - cancers that begin in the immune system.</li> <li>CNS cancers - cancers that begin in the tissues of the brain and spinal cord.</li> </ul> <h5>Therapeutics</h5> <p>Owing to the prevalence of cancer within the population, investigation of potential therapeutic targets is the focus of intense research. Current therapeutic research is focusing on identifying new cellular targets for intervention, developing drugs based on small molecules, antibodies or nucleic acids. New drugs specifically targeting <a href='/pharmacology/kinases' title='Browse products for intracellular kinases'>intracellular kinases</a>, growth factor receptors or the <a href='/pharmacology/proteasome' title='Browse products for proteasome'>proteasome</a> are beginning to be used as frontline therapies, often in combination with established chemotherapeutic agents.</p></div> </div> <div class="tab_content tab_2" data-tab="2"> </div> <div class="tab_content tab_3" data-tab="3"> </div> <div class="tab_content tab_4" data-tab="4"> <h3>Literature for Cancer Research</h3><p>Tocris offers the following scientific literature for Cancer Research to showcase our products. We invite you to request* or download your copy today!</p><p class="small">*Please note that Tocris will only send literature to established scientific business / institute addresses.</p><hr/><div class="lit_item"> <div class="lit_content"> <div class="lit_image"> <a href="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/product-guides/fullsize/837762.jpg" data-toggle="lightbox" data-title="Angiogenesis in Cancer Research Product Guide" data-footer="<a href='/literature/literature-request/837762' rel='nofollow' title='Request copy of the Angiogenesis in Cancer'>Request copy</a> or <a href='/literature/literature-request/p837762' rel='nofollow' title='Request PDF of the Angiogenesis in Cancer'>Request PDF</a> today"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/product-guides/regular/837762.jpg" alt="Angiogenesis in Cancer Research Product Guide" class="img-fluid"></a></div> <h4>Angiogenesis in Cancer Research Product Guide</h4> <p>This product guide provides background information on angiogenesis in cancer and lists around 150 products for the study of the main angiogenesis therapeutic targets including:</p> <ul class='bullet_list'> <li>Growth Factors</li> <li>Transcription Factors</li> <li>Adhesion, Extracellular Matrix Remodeling</li> <li>Key Signaling Pathways</li> </ul> <ul class="pb_lit_buttons"><li> <a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/837762" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the Angiogenesis in Cancer Research Product Guide">Request copy</a> </li><li> <a class="btn btn-quinary request-pdf" href="/literature/literature-request/p837762" rel="nofollow" title="Request PDF of the Angiogenesis in Cancer Research Product Guide">Request PDF<div class="lit_request_pdf"></div></a> </li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/product-guides" title="View all Product Guides & Listings">View all Product Guides & Listings</a></li> </ul> </div></div><div class="lit_item"> <div class="lit_content"> <div class="lit_image"> <a href="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/product-guides/fullsize/815385.jpg?v=2" data-toggle="lightbox" data-title="Cancer Metabolism Research Product Guide" data-footer="<a href='/literature/literature-request/815385' rel='nofollow' title='Request copy of the Cancer Metabolism'>Request copy</a> or <a href='/literature/literature-request/p815385' rel='nofollow' title='Request PDF of the Cancer Metabolism'>Request PDF</a> today"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/product-guides/regular/815385.jpg?v=2" alt="Cancer Metabolism Research Product Guide" class="img-fluid"></a></div> <h4>Cancer Metabolism Research Product Guide</h4> <p>This product guide reviews some of the main areas in cancer metabolism research and lists around 150 products that can be used to investigate metabolic pathways in cancer including:</p> <ul class='bullet_list'> <li>Glycolysis</li> <li>Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle</li> <li>Lipidogenesis</li> <li>1C Metabolism and Nucleic Acid Synthesis</li> <li>Drivers of Metabolic Reprogramming</li> <li>pH and Redox Balance</li> <ul class="pb_lit_buttons"><li> <a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/815385" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the Cancer Metabolism Research Product Guide">Request copy</a> </li><li> <a class="btn btn-quinary request-pdf" href="/literature/literature-request/p815385" rel="nofollow" title="Request PDF of the Cancer Metabolism Research Product Guide">Request PDF<div class="lit_request_pdf"></div></a> </li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/product-guides" title="View all Product Guides & Listings">View all Product Guides & Listings</a></li> </ul> </div></div><div class="lit_item"> <div class="lit_content"> <div class="lit_image"> <a href="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/product-guides/fullsize/727930.jpg?v=3" data-toggle="lightbox" data-title="Cell Cycle and DNA Damage Research Product Guide" data-footer="<a href='/literature/literature-request/727930' rel='nofollow' title='Request copy of the Cell Cycle and DNA Damage'>Request copy</a> or <a href='/literature/literature-request/p727930' rel='nofollow' title='Request PDF of the Cell Cycle and DNA Damage'>Request PDF</a> today"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/product-guides/regular/727930.jpg?v=3" alt="Cell Cycle and DNA Damage Research Product Guide" class="img-fluid"></a></div> <h4>Cell Cycle and DNA Damage Research Product Guide</h4> <p>This product guide provides a review of the cell cycle and DNA damage research area and lists over 150 products, including research tools for:</p> <ul class='bullet_list'> <li>Cell Cycle and Mitosis</li> <li>DNA Damage Repair</li> <li>Targeted Protein Degradation</li> <li>Ubiquitin Proteasome Pathway</li> <li>Chemotherapy Targets</li> </ul> <ul class="pb_lit_buttons"><li> <a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/727930" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the Cell Cycle and DNA Damage Research Product Guide">Request copy</a> </li><li> <a class="btn btn-quinary request-pdf" href="/literature/literature-request/p727930" rel="nofollow" title="Request PDF of the Cell Cycle and DNA Damage Research Product Guide">Request PDF<div class="lit_request_pdf"></div></a> </li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/product-guides" title="View all Product Guides & Listings">View all Product Guides & Listings</a></li> </ul> </div></div><div class="lit_item"> <div class="lit_content"> <div class="lit_image"> <a href="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/product-guides/fullsize/814154.jpg?v=2" data-toggle="lightbox" data-title="Epigenetics in Cancer Research Product Guide" data-footer="<a href='/literature/literature-request/814154' rel='nofollow' title='Request copy of the Epigenetics in Cancer'>Request copy</a> or <a href='/literature/literature-request/p814154' rel='nofollow' title='Request PDF of the Epigenetics in Cancer'>Request PDF</a> today"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/product-guides/regular/814154.jpg?v=2" alt="Epigenetics in Cancer Research Product Guide" class="img-fluid"></a></div> <h4>Epigenetics in Cancer Research Product Guide</h4> <p>This product guide reviews some of the main areas in cancer epigenetics research and lists around 120 products that can be used for the main epigenetic targets including:</p> <ul class='bullet_list'> <li>Histone Methylation</li> <li>Histone Acetylation</li> <li>DNA Methylation</li> <li>Ubiquitination</li> <li>Bromodomains</li> </ul> <ul class="pb_lit_buttons"><li> <a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/814154" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the Epigenetics in Cancer Research Product Guide">Request copy</a> </li><li> <a class="btn btn-quinary request-pdf" href="/literature/literature-request/p814154" rel="nofollow" title="Request PDF of the Epigenetics in Cancer Research Product Guide">Request PDF<div class="lit_request_pdf"></div></a> </li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/product-guides" title="View all Product Guides & Listings">View all Product Guides & Listings</a></li> </ul> </div></div><div class="lit_item"> <div class="lit_content"> <div class="lit_image"> <a href="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/reviews/fullsize/359078.jpg?v=2" data-toggle="lightbox" data-title="Autophagy Scientific Review" data-footer="<a href='/literature/literature-request/359078' rel='nofollow' title='Request copy of the Autophagy'>Request copy</a> or <a href='/literature/literature-request/p359078' rel='nofollow' title='Request PDF of the Autophagy'>Request PDF</a> today"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/reviews/regular/359078.jpg?v=2" alt="Autophagy Scientific Review" class="img-fluid"></a></div> <h4>Autophagy Scientific Review</h4> <p>Written by Patricia Boya and Patrice Codogno, this review summarizes the molecular mechanisms, physiology and pathology of autophagy. The role of autophagy in cell death and its links to disease are also discussed. Compounds available from Tocris are listed.</p> <ul class="pb_lit_buttons"><li> <a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/359078" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the Autophagy Scientific Review">Request copy</a> </li><li> <a class="btn btn-quinary request-pdf" href="/literature/literature-request/p359078" rel="nofollow" title="Request PDF of the Autophagy Scientific Review">Request PDF<div class="lit_request_pdf"></div></a> </li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/scientific-reviews" title="View all Scientific Reviews">View all Scientific Reviews</a></li> </ul> </div></div><div class="lit_item"> <div class="lit_content"> <div class="lit_image"> <a href="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/reviews/fullsize/522385.jpg?v=1" data-toggle="lightbox" data-title="MAPK Signaling Scientific Review" data-footer="<a href='/literature/literature-request/522385' rel='nofollow' title='Request copy of the MAPK Signaling'>Request copy</a> or <a href='/literature/literature-request/p522385' rel='nofollow' title='Request PDF of the MAPK Signaling'>Request PDF</a> today"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/reviews/regular/522385.jpg?v=1" alt="MAPK Signaling Scientific Review" class="img-fluid"></a></div> <h4>MAPK Signaling Scientific Review</h4> <p>MAP kinase signaling is integral to the regulation of numerous cellular processes such as proliferation and differentiation, and as a result is an important focus of cancer and immunology research. Updated for 2016, this review discusses the regulation of the MAPK pathway and properties of MAPK cascades. Compounds available from Tocris are listed.</p> <ul class="pb_lit_buttons"><li> <a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/522385" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the MAPK Signaling Scientific Review">Request copy</a> </li><li> <a class="btn btn-quinary request-pdf" href="/literature/literature-request/p522385" rel="nofollow" title="Request PDF of the MAPK Signaling Scientific Review">Request PDF<div class="lit_request_pdf"></div></a> </li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/scientific-reviews" title="View all Scientific Reviews">View all Scientific Reviews</a></li> </ul> </div></div><div class="lit_item"> <div class="lit_content"> <div class="lit_image"> <a href="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/reviews/fullsize/537174.jpg?v=4" data-toggle="lightbox" data-title="RAS Oncoproteins Scientific Review" data-footer="<a href='/literature/literature-request/537174' rel='nofollow' title='Request copy of the RAS Oncoproteins'>Request copy</a> or <a href='/literature/literature-request/p537174' rel='nofollow' title='Request PDF of the RAS Oncoproteins'>Request PDF</a> today"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/reviews/regular/537174.jpg?v=4" alt="RAS Oncoproteins Scientific Review" class="img-fluid"></a></div> <h4>RAS Oncoproteins Scientific Review</h4> <p>Written by Kirsten L. Bryant, Adrienne D. Cox and Channing J. Der, this review provides a comprehensive overview of RAS protein function and RAS mutations in cancer. Key signaling pathways are highlighted and therapeutic vulnerabilities are explored. This review also includes a detailed section on RAS drug discovery and targeting synthetic lethal interactors of mutant RAS. Compounds available from Tocris are listed.</p> <ul class="pb_lit_buttons"><li> <a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/537174" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the RAS Oncoproteins Scientific Review">Request copy</a> </li><li> <a class="btn btn-quinary request-pdf" href="/literature/literature-request/p537174" rel="nofollow" title="Request PDF of the RAS Oncoproteins Scientific Review">Request PDF<div class="lit_request_pdf"></div></a> </li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/scientific-reviews" title="View all Scientific Reviews">View all Scientific Reviews</a></li> </ul> </div></div><div class="lit_item"> <div class="lit_content"> <div class="lit_image"> <a href="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/posters/fullsize/525564.jpg?v=2" data-toggle="lightbox" data-title="Angiogenesis in Cancer Poster" data-footer="<a href='/literature/literature-request/525564' rel='nofollow' title='Request copy of the Angiogenesis in Cancer'>Request copy</a> or <a class=' pdf-download' href='https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/angiogenesis-cancer-2023-poster.pdf' download='https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/angiogenesis-cancer-2023-poster.pdf' rel='nofollow' title='Download PDF of the Angiogenesis in Cancer' data-title='Angiogenesis in Cancer Poster'>Download PDF</a> today"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/posters/regular/525564.jpg?v=2" alt="Angiogenesis in Cancer Poster" class="img-fluid"></a></div> <h4>Angiogenesis in Cancer Poster</h4> <p>This poster summarizes the pathogenesis of angiogenesis in cancer, as well as some of the main angiogenesis therapeutic targets. </p> <ul class="pb_lit_buttons"><li> <a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/525564" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the Angiogenesis in Cancer Poster">Request copy</a> </li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary pdf-download" href="https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/angiogenesis-cancer-2023-poster.pdf" download="https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/angiogenesis-cancer-2023-poster.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="Download PDF of the Angiogenesis in Cancer Poster" data-title="Angiogenesis in Cancer Poster">Download PDF<div class="lit_pdf"></div></a></li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/life-science-posters" title="View all Life Science Posters">View all Life Science Posters</a></li> </ul> </div></div><div class="lit_item"> <div class="lit_content"> <div class="lit_image"> <a href="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/posters/fullsize/368180.jpg" data-toggle="lightbox" data-title="Autophagy Poster" data-footer="<a href='/literature/literature-request/368180' rel='nofollow' title='Request copy of the Autophagy'>Request copy</a> or <a class=' pdf-download' href='https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/autophagy-poster-2014.pdf' download='https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/autophagy-poster-2014.pdf' rel='nofollow' title='Download PDF of the Autophagy' data-title='Autophagy Poster'>Download PDF</a> today"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/posters/regular/368180.jpg" alt="Autophagy Poster" class="img-fluid"></a></div> <h4>Autophagy Poster</h4> <p>Autophagy is a cellular process used by cells for degradation and recycling. Written by Patricia Boya and Patrice Codogno, this poster summarizes the molecular machinery, physiology and pathology of autophagy. Compounds available from Tocris are listed.</p> <ul class="pb_lit_buttons"><li> <a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/368180" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the Autophagy Poster">Request copy</a> </li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary pdf-download" href="https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/autophagy-poster-2014.pdf" download="https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/autophagy-poster-2014.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="Download PDF of the Autophagy Poster" data-title="Autophagy Poster">Download PDF<div class="lit_pdf"></div></a></li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/life-science-posters" title="View all Life Science Posters">View all Life Science Posters</a></li> </ul> </div></div><div class="lit_item"> <div class="lit_content"> <div class="lit_image"> <a href="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/posters/fullsize/482944.jpg?v=1" data-toggle="lightbox" data-title="Cancer Metabolism Poster" data-footer="<a href='/literature/literature-request/482944' rel='nofollow' title='Request copy of the Cancer Metabolism'>Request copy</a> or <a class=' pdf-download' href='https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/cancer-metabolism-poster-2022.pdf' download='https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/cancer-metabolism-poster-2022.pdf' rel='nofollow' title='Download PDF of the Cancer Metabolism' data-title='Cancer Metabolism Poster'>Download PDF</a> today"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/posters/regular/482944.jpg?v=1" alt="Cancer Metabolism Poster" class="img-fluid"></a></div> <h4>Cancer Metabolism Poster</h4> <p>This poster summarizes the main metabolic pathways in cancer cells and highlights potential targets for cancer therapeutics. Genetic changes and epigenetic modifications in cancer cells alter the regulation of cellular metabolic pathways providing potential cancer therapeutic targets.</p> <ul class="pb_lit_buttons"><li> <a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/482944" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the Cancer Metabolism Poster">Request copy</a> </li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary pdf-download" href="https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/cancer-metabolism-poster-2022.pdf" download="https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/cancer-metabolism-poster-2022.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="Download PDF of the Cancer Metabolism Poster" data-title="Cancer Metabolism Poster">Download PDF<div class="lit_pdf"></div></a></li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/life-science-posters" title="View all Life Science Posters">View all Life Science Posters</a></li> </ul> </div></div><div class="lit_item"> <div class="lit_content"> <div class="lit_image"> <a href="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/posters/fullsize/508457.jpg?v=2" data-toggle="lightbox" data-title="Cell Cycle & DNA Damage Repair Poster" data-footer="<a href='/literature/literature-request/508457' rel='nofollow' title='Request copy of the Cell Cycle & DNA Damage Repair'>Request copy</a> or <a class=' pdf-download' href='https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/cell-cycle-dna-poster-2023.pdf' download='https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/cell-cycle-dna-poster-2023.pdf' rel='nofollow' title='Download PDF of the Cell Cycle & DNA Damage Repair' data-title='Cell Cycle & DNA Damage Repair Poster'>Download PDF</a> today"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/posters/regular/508457.jpg?v=2" alt="Cell Cycle & DNA Damage Repair Poster" class="img-fluid"></a></div> <h4>Cell Cycle & DNA Damage Repair Poster</h4> <p>In normal cells, each stage of the cell cycle is tightly regulated, however in cancer cells many genes and proteins that are involved in the regulation of the cell cycle are mutated or over expressed. This poster summarizes the stages of the cell cycle and DNA repair. It also highlights strategies for enhancing replicative stress in cancer cells to force mitotic catastrophe and cell death.</p> <ul class="pb_lit_buttons"><li> <a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/508457" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the Cell Cycle & DNA Damage Repair Poster">Request copy</a> </li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary pdf-download" href="https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/cell-cycle-dna-poster-2023.pdf" download="https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/cell-cycle-dna-poster-2023.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="Download PDF of the Cell Cycle & DNA Damage Repair Poster" data-title="Cell Cycle & DNA Damage Repair Poster">Download PDF<div class="lit_pdf"></div></a></li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/life-science-posters" title="View all Life Science Posters">View all Life Science Posters</a></li> </ul> </div></div><div class="lit_item"> <div class="lit_content"> <div class="lit_image"> <a href="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/posters/fullsize/234501.jpg" data-toggle="lightbox" data-title="Programmed Cell Death Poster" data-footer="<a href='/literature/literature-request/234501' rel='nofollow' title='Request copy of the Programmed Cell Death'>Request copy</a> or <a class=' pdf-download' href='https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/programmed-cell-death-poster-2014.pdf' download='https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/programmed-cell-death-poster-2014.pdf' rel='nofollow' title='Download PDF of the Programmed Cell Death' data-title='Programmed Cell Death Poster'>Download PDF</a> today"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/posters/regular/234501.jpg" alt="Programmed Cell Death Poster" class="img-fluid"></a></div> <h4>Programmed Cell Death Poster</h4> <p>There are two currently recognized forms of programmed cell death: apoptosis and necroptosis. This poster summarizes the signaling pathways involved in apoptosis, necroptosis and cell survival following death receptor activation, and highlights the influence of the molecular switch, cFLIP, on cell fate.</p> <ul class="pb_lit_buttons"><li> <a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/234501" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the Programmed Cell Death Poster">Request copy</a> </li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary pdf-download" href="https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/programmed-cell-death-poster-2014.pdf" download="https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/programmed-cell-death-poster-2014.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="Download PDF of the Programmed Cell Death Poster" data-title="Programmed Cell Death Poster">Download PDF<div class="lit_pdf"></div></a></li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/life-science-posters" title="View all Life Science Posters">View all Life Science Posters</a></li> </ul> </div></div> </div> <div class="tab_content tab_5" data-tab="5"> <h3>Pathways for Cancer Research</h3><div class="lit_item"> <div class="lit_content"> <div class="lit_image"> <a href="/pathways/akt-signaling-pathway"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/pathways/regular/297496.jpg" alt="Akt Signaling Pathway "></a></div> <h4><a href="/pathways/akt-signaling-pathway">Akt Signaling Pathway</a></h4> The Akt signaling pathway plays a key role in the mediation of protein synthesis, metabolism, proliferation and cell cycle progression. It may be referred to as a 'prosurvival' pathway. <ul class="pb_lit_buttons"> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/pathways/akt-signaling-pathway" title="View Akt Signaling Pathway">View Pathway</a></li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary pdf-download" href="https://resources.tocris.com/pathways/pdf/akt.pdf" download="https://resources.tocris.com/pathways/pdf/akt.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="Download PDF of the Akt Signaling Pathway" data-title="Akt Signaling Pathway">Download PDF</a></li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/signaling-pathways" title="View all Pathways">View all Pathways</a></li> </ul> </div></div><div class="lit_item"> <div class="lit_content"> <div class="lit_image"> <a href="/pathways/apoptosis-signaling-pathway"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/pathways/regular/298869.jpg" alt="Apoptosis Signaling Pathway "></a></div> <h4><a href="/pathways/apoptosis-signaling-pathway">Apoptosis Signaling Pathway</a></h4> Apoptosis is a physiological process for cell death that is critical during aging and development. It may also be referred to as cell 'suicide'. Apoptosis can be triggered by events both inside and outside of the cell. <ul class="pb_lit_buttons"> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/pathways/apoptosis-signaling-pathway" title="View Apoptosis Signaling Pathway">View Pathway</a></li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary pdf-download" href="https://resources.tocris.com/pathways/pdf/apoptosis.pdf" download="https://resources.tocris.com/pathways/pdf/apoptosis.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="Download PDF of the Apoptosis Signaling Pathway" data-title="Apoptosis Signaling Pathway">Download PDF</a></li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/signaling-pathways" title="View all Pathways">View all Pathways</a></li> </ul> </div></div><div class="lit_item"> <div class="lit_content"> <div class="lit_image"> <a href="/pathways/mapk-signaling-pathway"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/pathways/regular/297495.jpg" alt="MAPK Signaling Pathway "></a></div> <h4><a href="/pathways/mapk-signaling-pathway">MAPK Signaling Pathway</a></h4> The mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway evokes an intracellular signaling cascade in response to extracellular stimuli such as heat and stress. It can influence cell division, metabolism and survival. <ul class="pb_lit_buttons"> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/pathways/mapk-signaling-pathway" title="View MAPK Signaling Pathway">View Pathway</a></li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary pdf-download" href="https://resources.tocris.com/pathways/pdf/mapk.pdf" download="https://resources.tocris.com/pathways/pdf/mapk.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="Download PDF of the MAPK Signaling Pathway" data-title="MAPK Signaling Pathway">Download PDF</a></li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/signaling-pathways" title="View all Pathways">View all Pathways</a></li> </ul> </div></div><div class="lit_item"> <div class="lit_content"> <div class="lit_image"> <a href="/pathways/vegf-signaling-pathway"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/pathways/regular/302261.jpg" alt="VEGF Signaling Pathway "></a></div> <h4><a href="/pathways/vegf-signaling-pathway">VEGF Signaling Pathway</a></h4> VEGF signaling pathway is involved in embryonic vascular development (vasculogenesis) and in the formation of new blood vessel (angiogenesis). It also induces cell migration, proliferation and survival. <ul class="pb_lit_buttons"> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/pathways/vegf-signaling-pathway" title="View VEGF Signaling Pathway">View Pathway</a></li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary pdf-download" href="https://resources.tocris.com/pathways/pdf/vegf.pdf" download="https://resources.tocris.com/pathways/pdf/vegf.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="Download PDF of the VEGF Signaling Pathway" data-title="VEGF Signaling Pathway">Download PDF</a></li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/signaling-pathways" title="View all Pathways">View all Pathways</a></li> </ul> </div></div><div class="lit_item"> <div class="lit_content"> <div class="lit_image"> <a href="/pathways/mtor-signaling-pathway"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/pathways/regular/304280.jpg" alt="mTOR Signaling Pathway "></a></div> <h4><a href="/pathways/mtor-signaling-pathway">mTOR Signaling Pathway</a></h4> mTOR is a serine/threonine kinase that nucleates at multiprotein complexes mTORC1 and mTORC2. Signaling by these complexes regulates cell growth, proliferation and survival. <ul class="pb_lit_buttons"> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/pathways/mtor-signaling-pathway" title="View mTOR Signaling Pathway">View Pathway</a></li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary pdf-download" href="https://resources.tocris.com/pathways/pdf/mtor.pdf" download="https://resources.tocris.com/pathways/pdf/mtor.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="Download PDF of the mTOR Signaling Pathway" data-title="mTOR Signaling Pathway">Download PDF</a></li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/signaling-pathways" title="View all Pathways">View all Pathways</a></li> </ul> </div></div><div class="lit_item"> <div class="lit_content"> <div class="lit_image"> <a href="/pathways/p53-signaling-pathway"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/pathways/regular/306562.jpg" alt="p53 Signaling Pathway "></a></div> <h4><a href="/pathways/p53-signaling-pathway">p53 Signaling Pathway</a></h4> p53 signaling plays an important role in the co-ordination of the cellular response different types of stress such as DNA damage and hypoxia. The downstream signals lead to apoptosis, senescence and cell cycle arrest. <ul class="pb_lit_buttons"> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/pathways/p53-signaling-pathway" title="View p53 Signaling Pathway">View Pathway</a></li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary pdf-download" href="https://resources.tocris.com/pathways/pdf/p53.pdf" download="https://resources.tocris.com/pathways/pdf/p53.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="Download PDF of the p53 Signaling Pathway" data-title="p53 Signaling Pathway">Download PDF</a></li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/signaling-pathways" title="View all Pathways">View all Pathways</a></li> </ul> </div></div> </div> <div class="tab_content tab_6" data-tab="6"> </div> </div> </div> <div id="sidebar" class="col-xs-12 col-sm-4 col-md-3 col-lg-3 col-xl-3"> <div class="resources_sidebar_container"> <div class="fp_four_box"> <div class="fp_box_wrapper"><h3>Featured New Products</h3> <div class="fp_featured_product"><a href="https://www.tocris.com/products/corafluortm-1-haloalkane_8817">8817 | CoraFluor™ 1, Haloalkane</a><br /> Cell impermeable terbium cryptate FRET donor for TR-FRET assay development, with chloroalkane ligand</div> <div class="fp_featured_product"><a href="https://www.tocris.com/products/hb-2-30_8831">8831 | HB-2-30</a><br /> Fluorescent TG2/LRP1 substrate for imaging endocytosis</div> <div class="fp_featured_product"><a href="https://www.tocris.com/products/mpd-2_8802">8802 | MPD 2</a><br /> SARS-CoV-2 M<sup>pro</sup> Degrader (PROTAC<sup>®</sup>)</div> <div class="fp_featured_product"><a href="https://www.tocris.com/products/bay-593_8113">8113 | BAY 593</a><br /> Geranylgeranyltransferase-I (GGTase-I) inhibitor</div> <div class="fp_featured_product"><a href="https://www.tocris.com/products/pa-janelia-fluor-646-haloalkane_8815">8815 | PA Janelia Fluor<sup>®</sup> 646, Haloalkane</a><br /> Photoactivatable Janelia Fluor<sup>®</sup> 646 with chloroalkane handle for self-labeling tags fusion protein</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="distributor_region"></div> <div class="widget"> <div class="widget_title">Literature in this Area</div> <div class="widget_content carousel slide" id="ds_literature_scroller" data-ride="carousel" data-interval="8000">  <div class="carousel-inner"><div class="item active"><div class="highlight">Angiogenesis in Cancer Guide</div> <a href="/literature/product-guides/angiogenesis-in-cancer"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/product-guides/regular/837762.jpg" alt="Angiogenesis in Cancer Research Product Guide"></a><p class="small">This guide provides background information on angiogenesis in cancer, and highlights products that can be used for the main angiogenesis therapeutic targets.</p><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/837762" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the Angiogenesis in Cancer Research Product Guide">Request copy</a><a class="btn btn-quinary request-pdf" href="/literature/literature-request/p837762" rel="nofollow" title="Request PDF of the Angiogenesis in Cancer Research Product Guide">Request PDF<div class="lit_request_pdf"></div></a></div><div class="item"><div class="highlight">Cancer Metabolism Product Guide</div> <a href="/literature/product-guides/cancer-metabolism"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/product-guides/regular/815385.jpg?v=2" alt="Cancer Metabolism Research Product Guide"></a><p class="small">Our product guide reviews some of the main areas in cancer metabolism research and highlights products that can be used to explore metabolic pathways.</p><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/815385" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the Cancer Metabolism Research Product Guide">Request copy</a><a class="btn btn-quinary request-pdf" href="/literature/literature-request/p815385" rel="nofollow" title="Request PDF of the Cancer Metabolism Research Product Guide">Request PDF<div class="lit_request_pdf"></div></a></div><div class="item"><div class="highlight">Cell Cycle and DNA Damage product guide</div> <a href="/literature/product-guides/cell-cycle-and-dna-damage"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/product-guides/regular/727930.jpg?v=3" alt="Cell Cycle and DNA Damage Research Product Guide"></a><p class="small">Our Cell Cycle and DNA Damage Research Guide highlights over 750 products for cell cycle and DNA damage research.</p><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/727930" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the Cell Cycle and DNA Damage Research Product Guide">Request copy</a><a class="btn btn-quinary request-pdf" href="/literature/literature-request/p727930" rel="nofollow" title="Request PDF of the Cell Cycle and DNA Damage Research Product Guide">Request PDF<div class="lit_request_pdf"></div></a></div><div class="item"><div class="highlight">Epigenetics in Cancer Guide</div> <a href="/literature/product-guides/epigenetics-in-cancer"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/product-guides/regular/814154.jpg?v=2" alt="Epigenetics in Cancer Research Product Guide"></a><p class="small">Our product guide reviews some of the main areas in cancer epigenetic research and highlights products that can be used for the main epigenetic targets.</p><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/814154" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the Epigenetics in Cancer Research Product Guide">Request copy</a><a class="btn btn-quinary request-pdf" href="/literature/literature-request/p814154" rel="nofollow" title="Request PDF of the Epigenetics in Cancer Research Product Guide">Request PDF<div class="lit_request_pdf"></div></a></div><div class="item"><div class="highlight">Autophagy Scientific Review</div> <a href="/literature/scientific-reviews/autophagy"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/reviews/regular/359078.jpg?v=2" alt="Autophagy Scientific Review"></a><p class="small">Our Autophagy review summarizes the molecular mechanisms and physiology of autophagy, as well as the role of autophagy in certain disease states.</p><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/359078" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the Autophagy Scientific Review">Request copy</a><a class="btn btn-quinary request-pdf" href="/literature/literature-request/p359078" rel="nofollow" title="Request PDF of the Autophagy Scientific Review">Request PDF<div class="lit_request_pdf"></div></a></div><div class="item"><div class="highlight">MAPK Signaling Review</div> <a href="/literature/scientific-reviews/mapk-signaling"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/reviews/regular/522385.jpg?v=1" alt="MAPK Signaling Scientific Review"></a><p class="small">Our MAPK signaling review gives an overview of the MAPK signaling cascade and summarizes small molecule inhibitors of the pathway.</p><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/522385" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the MAPK Signaling Scientific Review">Request copy</a><a class="btn btn-quinary request-pdf" href="/literature/literature-request/p522385" rel="nofollow" title="Request PDF of the MAPK Signaling Scientific Review">Request PDF<div class="lit_request_pdf"></div></a></div><div class="item"><div class="highlight">RAS Oncoproteins Scientific Review</div> <a href="/literature/scientific-reviews/ras-oncoproteins"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/reviews/regular/537174.jpg?v=4" alt="RAS Oncoproteins Scientific Review"></a><p class="small">Our review provides a thorough overview of RAS protein function and RAS mutations in cancer. Key signaling pathways are highlighted and therapeutics vulnerabilities are explored with a detailed section on RAS drug discovery.</p><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/537174" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the RAS Oncoproteins Scientific Review">Request copy</a><a class="btn btn-quinary request-pdf" href="/literature/literature-request/p537174" rel="nofollow" title="Request PDF of the RAS Oncoproteins Scientific Review">Request PDF<div class="lit_request_pdf"></div></a></div><div class="item"><div class="highlight">Angiogenesis in Cancer Life Science Poster</div> <a href="/literature/life-science-posters/angiogenesis-in-cancer"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/posters/regular/525564.jpg?v=2" alt="Angiogenesis in Cancer Poster"></a><p class="small">Our Angiogenesis in Cancer poster summarizes the pathogenesis of angiogenesis in cancer, as well as some of the main angiogenesis therapeutic targets.</p><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/525564" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the Angiogenesis in Cancer Poster">Request copy</a><a class="btn btn-quinary pdf-download" href="https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/angiogenesis-cancer-2023-poster.pdf" download="https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/angiogenesis-cancer-2023-poster.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="Download PDF of the Angiogenesis in Cancer Poster" data-title="Angiogenesis in Cancer Poster">Download PDF<div class="lit_pdf"></div></a></div><div class="item"><div class="highlight">Autophagy Life Science Poster</div><h5>Written by Patricia Boya and Patrice Codogno</h5> <a href="/literature/life-science-posters/autophagy"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/posters/regular/368180.jpg" alt="Autophagy Poster"></a><p class="small">Our Autophagy poster summarizes the molecular machinery, physiology and pathology of autophagy, and highlights chemical compounds that modulate autophagy.</p><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/368180" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the Autophagy Poster">Request copy</a><a class="btn btn-quinary pdf-download" href="https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/autophagy-poster-2014.pdf" download="https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/autophagy-poster-2014.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="Download PDF of the Autophagy Poster" data-title="Autophagy Poster">Download PDF<div class="lit_pdf"></div></a></div><div class="item"><div class="highlight">Cancer Metabolism Life Science Poster</div><h5>Taken from the Cancer Product Guide Edition 3</h5> <a href="/literature/life-science-posters/cancer-metabolism"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/posters/regular/482944.jpg?v=1" alt="Cancer Metabolism Poster"></a><p class="small">Our Cancer Metabolism poster summarizes the main metabolic pathways in cancer cells, and highlights potential targets for cancer therapeutics.</p><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/482944" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the Cancer Metabolism Poster">Request copy</a><a class="btn btn-quinary pdf-download" href="https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/cancer-metabolism-poster-2022.pdf" download="https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/cancer-metabolism-poster-2022.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="Download PDF of the Cancer Metabolism Poster" data-title="Cancer Metabolism Poster">Download PDF<div class="lit_pdf"></div></a></div><div class="item"><div class="highlight">Cell Cycle Life Science Poster</div> <a href="/literature/life-science-posters/cell-cycle-and-dna-damage-repair"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/posters/regular/508457.jpg?v=2" alt="Cell Cycle & DNA Damage Repair Poster"></a><p class="small">Our Cell Cycle & DNA Damage Repair poster summarizes the stages of the cell cycle and DNA repair. It also highlights strategies for enhancing replicative stress in cancer cells to force mitotic catastrophe and cell death.</p><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/508457" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the Cell Cycle & DNA Damage Repair Poster">Request copy</a><a class="btn btn-quinary pdf-download" href="https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/cell-cycle-dna-poster-2023.pdf" download="https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/cell-cycle-dna-poster-2023.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="Download PDF of the Cell Cycle & DNA Damage Repair Poster" data-title="Cell Cycle & DNA Damage Repair Poster">Download PDF<div class="lit_pdf"></div></a></div><div class="item"><div class="highlight">Programmed Cell Death Life Science Poster</div><h5>Written by Bram van Raam and Guy Salvesen</h5> <a href="/literature/life-science-posters/programmed-cell-death"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/posters/regular/234501.jpg" alt="Programmed Cell Death Poster"></a><p class="small">Our Programmed Cell Death poster gives a summary of the signaling pathways involved in apoptosis, necroptosis and cell survival.</p><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/234501" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the Programmed Cell Death Poster">Request copy</a><a class="btn btn-quinary pdf-download" href="https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/programmed-cell-death-poster-2014.pdf" download="https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/programmed-cell-death-poster-2014.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="Download PDF of the Programmed Cell Death Poster" data-title="Programmed Cell Death Poster">Download PDF<div class="lit_pdf"></div></a></div></div>  <a class="left carousel-control" href="#ds_literature_scroller" role="button" data-slide="prev"> <span class="icon-prev" 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