CINXE.COM

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produces a range of short review articles written by leading experts summarizing the most recent developments in research and available products. We invite you to request* your copy today.</p> <p class="small">*Please note that Tocris will only send literature to established scientific business / institute addresses.</p> <hr> <div class="lit_item"> <div class="lit_content"> <div class="lit_image"> <a href="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/reviews/fullsize/234525.jpg?v=2" data-toggle="lightbox" data-title="5-HT Receptors Scientific Review" data-footer="<a href='/literature/literature-request/234525' rel='nofollow' title='Request copy of the 5-HT Receptors Scientific Review'>Request copy</a> or <a href='/literature/literature-request/p234525' rel='nofollow' title='Request PDF of the 5-HT Receptors Scientific Review'>Request PDF</a> today"><img src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/reviews/regular/234525.jpg?v=2" alt="5-HT Receptors Scientific Review" class="img-fluid"></a> </div> <h3>5-HT Receptors</h3> <h4>Neuronal 5-HT Receptors and SERT</h4> <p class="small">Nicholas M. Barnes and John F. Neumaier</p> <p>Written by Nicholas M. Barnes and John F. Neumaier, this review summarizes the various serotonin receptor subtypes and their importance in mediating the role of serotonin in numerous physiological and pharmacological processes. Compounds available from Tocris are listed.</p> <ul class="lit_buttons"> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/234525" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the 5-HT Receptors Scientific Review">Request copy</a></li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary request-pdf" href="/literature/literature-request/p234525" rel="nofollow" title="Request PDF of the 5-HT Receptors Scientific Review">Request PDF<div class="lit_request_pdf"></div></a></li> </ul> </div></div><div class="lit_item"> <div class="lit_content"> <div class="lit_image"> <a href="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/reviews/fullsize/359078.jpg?v=2" data-toggle="lightbox" data-title="Autophagy Scientific Review" data-footer="<a href='/literature/literature-request/359078' rel='nofollow' title='Request copy of the Autophagy Scientific Review'>Request copy</a> or <a href='/literature/literature-request/p359078' rel='nofollow' title='Request PDF of the Autophagy Scientific Review'>Request PDF</a> today"><img src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/reviews/regular/359078.jpg?v=2" alt="Autophagy Scientific Review" class="img-fluid"></a> </div> <h3>Autophagy</h3> <h4>Molecular Mechanisms, Physiology & Pathology</h4> <p class="small">Patricia Boya and Patrice Codogno</p> <p>Written by Patricia Boya and Patrice Codogno, this review summarizes the molecular mechanisms, physiology and pathology of autophagy. The role of autophagy in cell death and its links to disease are also discussed. Compounds available from Tocris are listed.</p> <ul class="lit_buttons"> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/359078" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the Autophagy Scientific Review">Request copy</a></li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary request-pdf" href="/literature/literature-request/p359078" rel="nofollow" title="Request PDF of the Autophagy Scientific Review">Request PDF<div class="lit_request_pdf"></div></a></li> </ul> </div></div><div class="lit_item"> <div class="lit_content"> <div class="lit_image"> <a href="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/reviews/fullsize/234511.jpg?v=2" data-toggle="lightbox" data-title="Cannabinoid Receptor Ligands Scientific Review" data-footer="<a href='/literature/literature-request/234511' rel='nofollow' title='Request copy of the Cannabinoid Receptor Ligands Scientific Review'>Request copy</a> or <a href='/literature/literature-request/p234511' rel='nofollow' title='Request PDF of the Cannabinoid Receptor Ligands Scientific Review'>Request PDF</a> today"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/reviews/regular/234511.jpg?v=2" alt="Cannabinoid Receptor Ligands Scientific Review" class="img-fluid"></a> </div> <h3>Cannabinoid Receptor Ligands</h3> <p class="small">Roger G Pertwee, University of Aberdeen</p> <p>Written by Roger Pertwee, this review discusses compounds which affect the activity of the endocannabinoid system, focusing particularly on ligands that are most widely used as experimental tools and denotes compounds available from Tocris.</p> <ul class="lit_buttons"> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/234511" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the Cannabinoid Receptor Ligands Scientific Review">Request copy</a></li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary request-pdf" href="/literature/literature-request/p234511" rel="nofollow" title="Request PDF of the Cannabinoid Receptor Ligands Scientific Review">Request PDF<div class="lit_request_pdf"></div></a></li> </ul> </div></div><div class="lit_item"> <div class="lit_content"> <div class="lit_image"> <a href="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/reviews/fullsize/234512.jpg?v=1" data-toggle="lightbox" data-title="Dopamine Receptors Scientific Review" data-footer="<a href='/literature/literature-request/234512' rel='nofollow' title='Request copy of the Dopamine Receptors Scientific Review'>Request copy</a> or <a href='/literature/literature-request/p234512' rel='nofollow' title='Request PDF of the Dopamine Receptors Scientific Review'>Request PDF</a> today"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/reviews/regular/234512.jpg?v=1" alt="Dopamine Receptors Scientific Review" class="img-fluid"></a> </div> <h3>Dopamine Receptors</h3> <p class="small">Phillip G. Strange & Kim Neve</p> <p>Written by Phillip Strange and revised by Kim Neve in 2013, this review summarizes the history of the dopamine receptors and provides an overview of individual receptor subtype properties, their distribution and identifies ligands which act at each receptor subtype. Compounds available from Tocris are listed.</p> <ul class="lit_buttons"> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/234512" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the Dopamine Receptors Scientific Review">Request copy</a></li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary request-pdf" href="/literature/literature-request/p234512" rel="nofollow" title="Request PDF of the Dopamine Receptors Scientific Review">Request PDF<div class="lit_request_pdf"></div></a></li> </ul> </div></div><div class="lit_item"> <div class="lit_content"> <div class="lit_image"> <a href="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/reviews/fullsize/417572.jpg?v=2" data-toggle="lightbox" data-title="Epigenetics Scientific Review" data-footer="<a href='/literature/literature-request/417572' rel='nofollow' title='Request copy of the Epigenetics Scientific Review'>Request copy</a> or <a href='/literature/literature-request/p417572' rel='nofollow' title='Request PDF of the Epigenetics Scientific Review'>Request PDF</a> today"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/reviews/regular/417572.jpg?v=2" alt="Epigenetics Scientific Review" class="img-fluid"></a> </div> <h3>Epigenetics</h3> <h4>Epigenetic Probes: Open Access Drug Discovery</h4> <p class="small">Susanne Müller-Knapp and Peter J. Brown</p> <p>Written by Susanne Müller-Knapp and Peter J. Brown, this review gives an overview of the development of chemical probes for epigenetic targets, as well as the impact of these tool compounds being made available to the scientific community. In addition, their biological effects are also discussed. Epigenetic compounds available from Tocris are listed.</p> <ul class="lit_buttons"> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/417572" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the Epigenetics Scientific Review">Request copy</a></li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary request-pdf" href="/literature/literature-request/p417572" rel="nofollow" title="Request PDF of the Epigenetics Scientific Review">Request PDF<div class="lit_request_pdf"></div></a></li> </ul> </div></div><div class="lit_item"> <div class="lit_content"> <div class="lit_image"> <a href="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/reviews/fullsize/234514.jpg?v=2" data-toggle="lightbox" data-title="GABA Receptors Scientific Review" data-footer="<a href='/literature/literature-request/234514' rel='nofollow' title='Request copy of the GABA Receptors Scientific Review'>Request copy</a> or <a href='/literature/literature-request/p234514' rel='nofollow' title='Request PDF of the GABA Receptors Scientific Review'>Request PDF</a> today"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/reviews/regular/234514.jpg?v=2" alt="GABA Receptors Scientific Review" class="img-fluid"></a> </div> <h3>GABA Receptors</h3> <p class="small">Ian Martin, Norman Bowery & Susan Dunn</p> <p>Written by Ian Martin, Norman Bowery and Susan Dunn, this review provides a history of the GABA receptor, as well as discussing the structure and function of the various subtypes and the clinical potential of receptor modulators; compounds available from Tocris are listed.</p> <ul class="lit_buttons"> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/234514" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the GABA Receptors Scientific Review">Request copy</a></li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary request-pdf" href="/literature/literature-request/p234514" rel="nofollow" title="Request PDF of the GABA Receptors Scientific Review">Request PDF<div class="lit_request_pdf"></div></a></li> </ul> </div></div><div class="lit_item"> <div class="lit_content"> <div class="lit_image"> <a href="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/reviews/fullsize/234515.jpg?v=2" data-toggle="lightbox" data-title="Histamine Receptors Scientific Review" data-footer="<a href='/literature/literature-request/234515' rel='nofollow' title='Request copy of the Histamine Receptors Scientific Review'>Request copy</a> or <a href='/literature/literature-request/p234515' rel='nofollow' title='Request PDF of the Histamine Receptors Scientific Review'>Request PDF</a> today"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/reviews/regular/234515.jpg?v=2" alt="Histamine Receptors Scientific Review" class="img-fluid"></a> </div> <h3>Histamine Receptors</h3> <p class="small">Iwan de Esch and Rob Leurs, Vrije University</p> <p>Written by Iwan de Esch and Rob Leurs, this review provides a synopsis of the different histamine receptor subtypes and the ligands that act upon them; compounds available from Tocris are listed.</p> <ul class="lit_buttons"> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/234515" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the Histamine Receptors Scientific Review">Request copy</a></li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary request-pdf" href="/literature/literature-request/p234515" rel="nofollow" title="Request PDF of the Histamine Receptors Scientific Review">Request PDF<div class="lit_request_pdf"></div></a></li> </ul> </div></div><div class="lit_item"> <div class="lit_content"> <div class="lit_image"> <a href="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/reviews/fullsize/522385.jpg?v=1" data-toggle="lightbox" data-title="MAPK Signaling Scientific Review" data-footer="<a href='/literature/literature-request/522385' rel='nofollow' title='Request copy of the MAPK Signaling Scientific Review'>Request copy</a> or <a href='/literature/literature-request/p522385' rel='nofollow' title='Request PDF of the MAPK Signaling Scientific Review'>Request PDF</a> today"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/reviews/regular/522385.jpg?v=1" alt="MAPK Signaling Scientific Review" class="img-fluid"></a> </div> <h3>MAPK Signaling</h3> <h4>MAP Kinase Pathways: Functions and Modulation</h4> <p class="small">Aroon S. Karra and Melanie H. Cobb, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center</p> <p>MAP kinase signaling is integral to the regulation of numerous cellular processes such as proliferation and differentiation, and as a result is an important focus of cancer and immunology research. Updated for 2016, this review discusses the regulation of the MAPK pathway and properties of MAPK cascades. Compounds available from Tocris are listed.</p> <ul class="lit_buttons"> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/522385" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the MAPK Signaling Scientific Review">Request copy</a></li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary request-pdf" href="/literature/literature-request/p522385" rel="nofollow" title="Request PDF of the MAPK Signaling Scientific Review">Request PDF<div class="lit_request_pdf"></div></a></li> </ul> </div></div><div class="lit_item"> <div class="lit_content"> <div class="lit_image"> <a href="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/reviews/fullsize/234517.jpg?v=2" data-toggle="lightbox" data-title="Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors Scientific Review" data-footer="<a href='/literature/literature-request/234517' rel='nofollow' title='Request copy of the Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors Scientific Review'>Request copy</a> or <a href='/literature/literature-request/p234517' rel='nofollow' title='Request PDF of the Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors Scientific Review'>Request PDF</a> today"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/reviews/regular/234517.jpg?v=2" alt="Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors Scientific Review" class="img-fluid"></a> </div> <h3>Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors</h3> <p class="small">Francine C Acher, Université René Descartes-Paris V</p> <p>Written by Francine Acher, this review discusses the pharmacology and therapeutic potential of mGlu receptors, and the compounds acting upon them; compounds available from Tocris are listed.</p> <ul class="lit_buttons"> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/234517" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors Scientific Review">Request copy</a></li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary request-pdf" href="/literature/literature-request/p234517" rel="nofollow" title="Request PDF of the Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors Scientific Review">Request PDF<div class="lit_request_pdf"></div></a></li> </ul> </div></div><div class="lit_item"> <div class="lit_content"> <div class="lit_image"> <a href="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/reviews/fullsize/234518.jpg?v=2" data-toggle="lightbox" data-title="Nicotinic ACh Receptors Scientific Review" data-footer="<a href='/literature/literature-request/234518' rel='nofollow' title='Request copy of the Nicotinic ACh Receptors Scientific Review'>Request copy</a> or <a href='/literature/literature-request/p234518' rel='nofollow' title='Request PDF of the Nicotinic ACh Receptors Scientific Review'>Request PDF</a> today"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/reviews/regular/234518.jpg?v=2" alt="Nicotinic ACh Receptors Scientific Review" class="img-fluid"></a> </div> <h3>Nicotinic ACh Receptors</h3> <p class="small">Susan Wonnacott, University of Bath</p> <p>Updated in 2014, this review by Sue Wonnacott summarizes the diverse structure and function of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and gives an in-depth review of the ligands available for nAChR research. Compounds available from Tocris are listed.</p> <ul class="lit_buttons"> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/234518" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the Nicotinic ACh Receptors Scientific Review">Request copy</a></li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary request-pdf" href="/literature/literature-request/p234518" rel="nofollow" title="Request PDF of the Nicotinic ACh Receptors Scientific Review">Request PDF<div class="lit_request_pdf"></div></a></li> </ul> </div></div><div class="lit_item"> <div class="lit_content"> <div class="lit_image"> <a href="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/reviews/fullsize/268401.jpg?v=3" data-toggle="lightbox" data-title="P2X and P2Y Receptors Scientific Review" data-footer="<a href='/literature/literature-request/268401' rel='nofollow' title='Request copy of the P2X and P2Y Receptors Scientific Review'>Request copy</a> or <a href='/literature/literature-request/p268401' rel='nofollow' title='Request PDF of the P2X and P2Y Receptors Scientific Review'>Request PDF</a> today"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/reviews/regular/268401.jpg?v=3" alt="P2X and P2Y Receptors Scientific Review" class="img-fluid"></a> </div> <h3>P2X and P2Y Receptors</h3> <p class="small">Kenneth A. Jacobson, National Institutes of Health</p> <p>Written by Kenneth Jacobson, this review provides an overview of the different subtypes and structures of the P2 receptor families, as well as the pharmacological probes used to study them; compounds available from Tocris are listed.</p> <ul class="lit_buttons"> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/268401" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the P2X and P2Y Receptors Scientific Review">Request copy</a></li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary request-pdf" href="/literature/literature-request/p268401" rel="nofollow" title="Request PDF of the P2X and P2Y Receptors Scientific Review">Request PDF<div class="lit_request_pdf"></div></a></li> </ul> </div></div><div class="lit_item"> <div class="lit_content"> <div class="lit_image"> <a href="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/reviews/fullsize/234521.jpg?v=1" data-toggle="lightbox" data-title="Peptides Involved in Appetite Modulation Scientific Review" data-footer="<a href='/literature/literature-request/234521' rel='nofollow' title='Request copy of the Peptides Involved in Appetite Modulation Scientific Review'>Request copy</a> or <a href='/literature/literature-request/p234521' rel='nofollow' title='Request PDF of the Peptides Involved in Appetite Modulation Scientific Review'>Request PDF</a> today"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/reviews/regular/234521.jpg?v=1" alt="Peptides Involved in Appetite Modulation Scientific Review" class="img-fluid"></a> </div> <h3>Peptides Involved in Appetite Modulation</h3> <p class="small">Sonia A. Tucci, Lynsay Kobelis and Tim C. Kirkham, University of Liverpool</p> <p>Written by Sonia Tucci, Lynsay Kobelis and Tim Kirkham, this review provides a synopsis of the increasing number of peptides that have been implicated in appetite regulation and energy homeostasis; putative roles of the major peptides are outlined and compounds available from Tocris are listed.</p> <ul class="lit_buttons"> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/234521" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the Peptides Involved in Appetite Modulation Scientific Review">Request copy</a></li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary request-pdf" href="/literature/literature-request/p234521" rel="nofollow" title="Request PDF of the Peptides Involved in Appetite Modulation Scientific Review">Request PDF<div class="lit_request_pdf"></div></a></li> </ul> </div></div><div class="lit_item"> <div class="lit_content"> <div class="lit_image"> <a href="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/reviews/fullsize/537174.jpg?v=4" data-toggle="lightbox" data-title="RAS Oncoproteins Scientific Review" data-footer="<a href='/literature/literature-request/537174' rel='nofollow' title='Request copy of the RAS Oncoproteins Scientific Review'>Request copy</a> or <a href='/literature/literature-request/p537174' rel='nofollow' title='Request PDF of the RAS Oncoproteins Scientific Review'>Request PDF</a> today"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/reviews/regular/537174.jpg?v=4" alt="RAS Oncoproteins Scientific Review" class="img-fluid"></a> </div> <h3>RAS Oncoproteins</h3> <h4>Therapeutic Vulnerabilities</h4> <p class="small">Kirsten L. Bryant, Adrienne D. Cox and Channing J. Der</p> <p>Written by Kirsten L. Bryant, Adrienne D. Cox and Channing J. Der, this review provides a comprehensive overview of RAS protein function and RAS mutations in cancer. Key signaling pathways are highlighted and therapeutic vulnerabilities are explored. This review also includes a detailed section on RAS drug discovery and targeting synthetic lethal interactors of mutant RAS. Compounds available from Tocris are listed.</p> <ul class="lit_buttons"> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/537174" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the RAS Oncoproteins Scientific Review">Request copy</a></li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary request-pdf" href="/literature/literature-request/p537174" rel="nofollow" title="Request PDF of the RAS Oncoproteins Scientific Review">Request PDF<div class="lit_request_pdf"></div></a></li> </ul> </div></div><div class="lit_item"> <div class="lit_content"> <div class="lit_image"> <a href="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/reviews/fullsize/298321.jpg?v=2" data-toggle="lightbox" data-title="Retinoid Receptors Scientific Review" data-footer="<a href='/literature/literature-request/298321' rel='nofollow' title='Request copy of the Retinoid Receptors Scientific Review'>Request copy</a> or <a href='/literature/literature-request/p298321' rel='nofollow' title='Request PDF of the Retinoid Receptors Scientific Review'>Request PDF</a> today"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/reviews/regular/298321.jpg?v=2" alt="Retinoid Receptors Scientific Review" class="img-fluid"></a> </div> <h3>Retinoid Receptors</h3> <h4>Pharmacology of Retinoid Receptors</h4> <p class="small">Alexander R. Moise, University of Kansas</p> <p>Written by Alexander Moise, this review summarizes the nature of retinoid receptors, their isotype and isoform variants and modulation of retinoid signaling. Compounds available from Tocris are listed.</p> <ul class="lit_buttons"> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/298321" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the Retinoid Receptors Scientific Review">Request copy</a></li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary request-pdf" href="/literature/literature-request/p298321" rel="nofollow" title="Request PDF of the Retinoid Receptors Scientific Review">Request PDF<div class="lit_request_pdf"></div></a></li> </ul> </div></div><div class="lit_item"> <div class="lit_content"> <div class="lit_image"> <a href="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/reviews/fullsize/298320.jpg?v=2" data-toggle="lightbox" data-title="Stem Cells Scientific Review" data-footer="<a href='/literature/literature-request/298320' rel='nofollow' title='Request copy of the Stem Cells Scientific Review'>Request copy</a> or <a href='/literature/literature-request/p298320' rel='nofollow' title='Request PDF of the Stem Cells Scientific Review'>Request PDF</a> today"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/reviews/regular/298320.jpg?v=2" alt="Stem Cells Scientific Review" class="img-fluid"></a> </div> <h3>Stem Cells</h3> <h4>Using Small Molecules to Control Stem Cell Growth and Differentiation</h4> <p class="small">Kirsty E. Clarke, Victoria B. Christie, Andy Whiting and Stefan A. Przyborski, Durham University</p> <p>Written by Kirsty E. Clarke, Victoria B. Christie, Andy Whiting and Stefan A. Przyborski, this review provides an overview of the use of small molecules in the control of stem cell growth and differentiation. Key signaling pathways are highlighted, and the regulation of ES cell self-renewal and somatic cell reprogramming is discussed. Compounds available from Tocris are listed.</p> <ul class="lit_buttons"> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/298320" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the Stem Cells Scientific Review">Request copy</a></li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary request-pdf" href="/literature/literature-request/p298320" rel="nofollow" title="Request PDF of the Stem Cells Scientific Review">Request PDF<div class="lit_request_pdf"></div></a></li> </ul> </div></div> </div> <div id="sidebar" class="col-xs-12 col-sm-4 col-md-3 col-lg-3 col-xl-3"> <div class="distributor_region"></div> </div> </section> <section id="block-block-16" class="block block-block clearfix">  <div class="embeddedServiceInvitation" id="snapins_invite" aria-live="assertive" role="dialog" aria-atomic="true" style="display: none;"> <div class="embeddedServiceInvitationHeader" aria-labelledby="snapins_titletext" aria-describedby="snapins_bodytext" style="height:48px;"> <img id="embeddedServiceAvatar" /> <span 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