CINXE.COM

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Research</h1> <p>Neuroscience is the study of the nervous system - one of the major mammalian systems responsible for sustaining life. The central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) work in concert to coordinate basic functions such as moving and breathing, as well as 'higher order' functions including thought, speech and emotion.</p> <div class="tabbed_content"> <div class="tab_menu"> <div class="tab tab_1 tab_open" data-tab="1" data-tabname="products" id="pharm_tabs_products"> <span>Research Areas</span></div> <div class="tab tab_4" data-tab="4" data-tabname="literature" id="pharm_tabs_literature"><span>Literature (16)</span> </div> </div> <div class="tab_content tab_1 tab_open" data-tab="1"> <div class="pharm_sub_cats"><h3>Neurological Disease Product Areas</h3><ul class="tile_column_1"><li><a href="/research-area/addiction-research" title="Browse products for Addiction Research">Addiction Research</a></li><li><a href="/research-area/alzheimers-disease-research" title="Browse products for Alzheimer's Disease Research">Alzheimer's Disease Research</a></li><li><a href="/research-area/depression-research" title="Browse products for Depression Research">Depression Research</a></li><li><a href="/research-area/epilepsy-research" title="Browse products for Epilepsy Research">Epilepsy Research</a></li><li><a href="/research-area/huntingtons-disease-research" title="Browse products for Huntington's Disease Research">Huntington's Disease Research</a></li><li><a href="/research-area/multiple-sclerosis" title="Browse products for Multiple Sclerosis">Multiple Sclerosis</a></li></ul><ul class="tile_column_2"><li><a href="/research-area/parkinsons-disease-research" title="Browse products for Parkinson's Disease Research">Parkinson's Disease Research</a></li><li><a href="/research-area/schizophrenia-research" title="Browse products for Schizophrenia Research">Schizophrenia Research</a></li><li><a href="/research-area/sleep-research" title="Browse products for Sleep Research">Sleep Research</a></li><li><a href="/research-area/stress-and-anxiety-research" title="Browse products for Stress & Anxiety Research">Stress & Anxiety Research</a></li><li><a href="/research-area/stroke-research" title="Browse products for Stroke Research">Stroke Research</a></li></ul><h3>Neuroscience Research Product Areas</h3><ul class="tile_column_1"><li><a href="/research-area/blood-brain-barrier" title="Browse products for Blood-Brain Barrier">Blood-Brain Barrier</a></li><li><a href="/product-type/caged-compounds" title="Browse products for Caged Compounds">Caged Compounds</a></li><li><a href="/product-type/chemogenetics" title="Browse products for Chemogenetics">Chemogenetics</a></li><li><a href="/product-type/fluorescent-ion-indicators" title="Browse products for Fluorescent Ion Indicators">Fluorescent Ion Indicators</a></li><li><a href="/research-area/memory-learning-and-cognition" title="Browse products for Memory, Learning and Cognition">Memory, Learning and Cognition</a></li><li><a href="/research-area/neural-development" title="Browse products for Neural Development">Neural Development</a></li><li><a href="/cell-biology/neural-stem-cells" title="Browse products for Neural Stem Cells">Neural Stem Cells</a></li></ul><ul class="tile_column_2"><li><a href="/research-area/neuroinflammation" title="Browse products for Neuroinflammation">Neuroinflammation</a></li><li><a href="/product-type/neuron-and-astrocyte-probes" title="Browse products for Neuron and Astrocyte Probes">Neuron and Astrocyte Probes</a></li><li><a href="/research-area/neuropeptides" title="Browse products for Neuropeptides">Neuropeptides</a></li><li><a href="/research-area/neurotransmission" title="Browse products for Neurotransmission">Neurotransmission</a></li><li><a href="/research-area/nociception" title="Browse products for Nociception">Nociception</a></li><li><a href="/product-type/tissue-clearing" title="Browse products for Tissue Clearing">Tissue Clearing</a></li></ul></div> <div class="pharm_long_desc"><h5>Incidence of Neurological Disease</h5> <p>The incidence of degenerative neurological disorders, such as <a href='/research-area/alzheimers-disease-research' title='Browse products for Alzheimer's disease'>Alzheimer's disease</a> and <a href='/research-area/parkinsons-disease-research' title='Browse products for Parkinson's disease'>Parkinson's disease</a>, is increasing worldwide. As these diseases are typically associated with advancing age, this increase is partly due to rising life expectancy. However, environmental factors such as pesticide and insecticide use, are being discussed as possible etiologies for these neurodegenerative diseases.</p> <h5>Classification of Disease</h5> <p>Neurological diseases can be classified according to their etiology. They can be caused by:</p> <ul> <li>Genetic mutations (e.g. Huntington's disease)</li> <li>Development abnormalities (e.g. spina bifida)</li> <li>Degeneration (e.g. Alzheimer's disease)</li> <li>Diseases of the blood vessels that supply the nervous system (e.g. stroke)</li> <li>Trauma</li> <li>Malignancy</li> <li>Infection (e.g. encephalitis)</li> </ul> <p>At present pharmacological interventions for many neurological diseases, especially the degenerative conditions, are limited and predominantly restricted to alleviation of symptoms. The understanding of the nervous system, and prevention and treatment of neurological disorders represents one of the critical goals of medical research today. Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis are currently the focus of intense neuroscience research.</p> <hr> <h3>Resources for Neuroscience Research</h3> <div class='row'> <div class='col-sm-12 col-md-6'> <h4>Blog post: Cerebral Organoids for Neurodevelopment, Neurodegeneration & Virology Research</h4> <p>When derived from human cells, cerebral organoids enable the investigation of neurophysiology and disease using <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> methods that cannot be used in humans. This blog post describes how cerebral organoids can be used in neurodevelopment, neurodegeneration and virology research.</p> <a href='/resources/tocris-blog/cerebral-organoids-neurodevelopment-neurodegeneration-virology-research' title='Read Blog Post' class='btn btn-quinary'>Read Now!</a> </div> <div class='col-sm-12 col-md-6 text-center'> <a href='/resources/tocris-blog/cerebral-organoids-neurodevelopment-neurodegeneration-virology-research' title='Read Blog Post'><img src='https://resources.tocris.com/images/blog/cerebral-organoids-blog-post-bucket.jpg' alt='Cerebral Organoids for Neurodevelopment, Neurodegeneration & Virology Research'></a> </div> </div> </hr> <a href='https://www.bio-techne.com/reagents/rnascope-ish-technology' target='_blank'><img src='https://resources.tocris.com/images/targets/acd-neuroscience-banner.jpg' alt='Find out more about RNAscope by visiting bio-techne.com' title='Find out more about RNAscope®' style='max-width:100%; margin:20px 0 10px 0'></a></div> </div> <div class="tab_content tab_2" data-tab="2"> </div> <div class="tab_content tab_3" data-tab="3"> </div> <div class="tab_content tab_4" data-tab="4"> <h3>Literature for Neuroscience Research</h3><p>Tocris offers the following scientific literature for Neuroscience Research to showcase our products. We invite you to request* or download your copy today!</p><p class="small">*Please note that Tocris will only send literature to established scientific business / institute addresses.</p><hr/><div class="lit_item"> <div class="lit_content"> <div class="lit_image"> <a href="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/product-guides/fullsize/783287.jpg" data-toggle="lightbox" data-title="Alzheimer's Disease Research Product Guide" data-footer="<a href='/literature/literature-request/783287' rel='nofollow' title='Request copy of the Alzheimer's Disease'>Request copy</a> or <a href='/literature/literature-request/p783287' rel='nofollow' title='Request PDF of the Alzheimer's Disease'>Request PDF</a> today"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/product-guides/regular/783287.jpg" alt="Alzheimer's Disease Research Product Guide" class="img-fluid"></a></div> <h4>Alzheimer's Disease Research Product Guide</h4> <p>This product guide provides a background to Alzheimer's disease research and lists around 100 products for the study of:</p> <ul class='bullet_list'> <li>Amyloid and tau proteins</li> <li>Excitotoxicity</li> <li>Mitochondrial dysfunction</li> <li>Oxidative stress</li> <li>Emerging targets</li> </ul> <ul class="pb_lit_buttons"><li> <a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/783287" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the Alzheimer's Disease Research Product Guide">Request copy</a> </li><li> <a class="btn btn-quinary request-pdf" href="/literature/literature-request/p783287" rel="nofollow" title="Request PDF of the Alzheimer's Disease Research Product Guide">Request PDF<div class="lit_request_pdf"></div></a> </li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/product-guides" title="View all Product Guides & Listings">View all Product Guides & Listings</a></li> </ul> </div></div><div class="lit_item"> <div class="lit_content"> <div class="lit_image"> <a href="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/product-guides/fullsize/746077.jpg?v=2" data-toggle="lightbox" data-title="Huntington's Disease Research Product Guide" data-footer="<a href='/literature/literature-request/746077' rel='nofollow' title='Request copy of the Huntington's Disease'>Request copy</a> or <a href='/literature/literature-request/p746077' rel='nofollow' title='Request PDF of the Huntington's Disease'>Request PDF</a> today"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/product-guides/regular/746077.jpg?v=2" alt="Huntington's Disease Research Product Guide" class="img-fluid"></a></div> <h4>Huntington's Disease Research Product Guide</h4> <p>This product guide provides a background to Huntington's disease research and lists around 100 products for the study of:</p> <ul class='bullet_list'> <li>Somatic Instability</li> <li>Proteolysis and Inclusion Bodies</li> <li>Transcriptional Dysregulation</li> <li>Mitochondrial Dysfunction</li> <li>Nuclear-Cytoplasmic Transport Interference</li> <li>Excitotoxicity</li> <li>Stem Cells</li> </ul> <ul class="pb_lit_buttons"><li> <a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/746077" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the Huntington's Disease Research Product Guide">Request copy</a> </li><li> <a class="btn btn-quinary request-pdf" href="/literature/literature-request/p746077" rel="nofollow" title="Request PDF of the Huntington's Disease Research Product Guide">Request PDF<div class="lit_request_pdf"></div></a> </li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/product-guides" title="View all Product Guides & Listings">View all Product Guides & Listings</a></li> </ul> </div></div><div class="lit_item"> <div class="lit_content"> <div class="lit_image"> <a href="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/product-guides/fullsize/759724.jpg" data-toggle="lightbox" data-title="Parkinson's Disease Research Product Guide" data-footer="<a href='/literature/literature-request/759724' rel='nofollow' title='Request copy of the Parkinson's Disease'>Request copy</a> or <a href='/literature/literature-request/p759724' rel='nofollow' title='Request PDF of the Parkinson's Disease'>Request PDF</a> today"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/product-guides/regular/759724.jpg" alt="Parkinson's Disease Research Product Guide" class="img-fluid"></a></div> <h4>Parkinson's Disease Research Product Guide</h4> <p>This product guide provides a background to Parkinson's disease research and lists around 100 products for the study of:</p> <ul class='bullet_list'> <li>α-synuclein</li> <li>Lysosomal Dysregulation</li> <li>Mitochondrial Dysfunction</li> <li>Depletion of Dopaminergic Signaling</li> <li>Stem Cells</li> </ul> <ul class="pb_lit_buttons"><li> <a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/759724" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the Parkinson's Disease Research Product Guide">Request copy</a> </li><li> <a class="btn btn-quinary request-pdf" href="/literature/literature-request/p759724" rel="nofollow" title="Request PDF of the Parkinson's Disease Research Product Guide">Request PDF<div class="lit_request_pdf"></div></a> </li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/product-guides" title="View all Product Guides & Listings">View all Product Guides & Listings</a></li> </ul> </div></div><div class="lit_item"> <div class="lit_content"> <div class="lit_image"> <a href="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/reviews/fullsize/234525.jpg?v=2" data-toggle="lightbox" data-title="5-HT Receptors Scientific Review" data-footer="<a href='/literature/literature-request/234525' rel='nofollow' title='Request copy of the 5-HT Receptors'>Request copy</a> or <a href='/literature/literature-request/p234525' rel='nofollow' title='Request PDF of the 5-HT Receptors'>Request PDF</a> today"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/reviews/regular/234525.jpg?v=2" alt="5-HT Receptors Scientific Review" class="img-fluid"></a></div> <h4>5-HT Receptors Scientific Review</h4> <p>Written by Nicholas M. Barnes and John F. Neumaier, this review summarizes the various serotonin receptor subtypes and their importance in mediating the role of serotonin in numerous physiological and pharmacological processes. Compounds available from Tocris are listed.</p> <ul class="pb_lit_buttons"><li> <a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/234525" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the 5-HT Receptors Scientific Review">Request copy</a> </li><li> <a class="btn btn-quinary request-pdf" href="/literature/literature-request/p234525" rel="nofollow" title="Request PDF of the 5-HT Receptors Scientific Review">Request PDF<div class="lit_request_pdf"></div></a> </li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/scientific-reviews" title="View all Scientific Reviews">View all Scientific Reviews</a></li> </ul> </div></div><div class="lit_item"> <div class="lit_content"> <div class="lit_image"> <a href="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/reviews/fullsize/234511.jpg?v=2" data-toggle="lightbox" data-title="Cannabinoid Receptor Ligands Scientific Review" data-footer="<a href='/literature/literature-request/234511' rel='nofollow' title='Request copy of the Cannabinoid Receptor Ligands'>Request copy</a> or <a href='/literature/literature-request/p234511' rel='nofollow' title='Request PDF of the Cannabinoid Receptor Ligands'>Request PDF</a> today"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/reviews/regular/234511.jpg?v=2" alt="Cannabinoid Receptor Ligands Scientific Review" class="img-fluid"></a></div> <h4>Cannabinoid Receptor Ligands Scientific Review</h4> <p>Written by Roger Pertwee, this review discusses compounds which affect the activity of the endocannabinoid system, focusing particularly on ligands that are most widely used as experimental tools and denotes compounds available from Tocris.</p> <ul class="pb_lit_buttons"><li> <a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/234511" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the Cannabinoid Receptor Ligands Scientific Review">Request copy</a> </li><li> <a class="btn btn-quinary request-pdf" href="/literature/literature-request/p234511" rel="nofollow" title="Request PDF of the Cannabinoid Receptor Ligands Scientific Review">Request PDF<div class="lit_request_pdf"></div></a> </li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/scientific-reviews" title="View all Scientific Reviews">View all Scientific Reviews</a></li> </ul> </div></div><div class="lit_item"> <div class="lit_content"> <div class="lit_image"> <a href="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/reviews/fullsize/234512.jpg?v=1" data-toggle="lightbox" data-title="Dopamine Receptors Scientific Review" data-footer="<a href='/literature/literature-request/234512' rel='nofollow' title='Request copy of the Dopamine Receptors'>Request copy</a> or <a href='/literature/literature-request/p234512' rel='nofollow' title='Request PDF of the Dopamine Receptors'>Request PDF</a> today"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/reviews/regular/234512.jpg?v=1" alt="Dopamine Receptors Scientific Review" class="img-fluid"></a></div> <h4>Dopamine Receptors Scientific Review</h4> <p>Written by Phillip Strange and revised by Kim Neve in 2013, this review summarizes the history of the dopamine receptors and provides an overview of individual receptor subtype properties, their distribution and identifies ligands which act at each receptor subtype. Compounds available from Tocris are listed.</p> <ul class="pb_lit_buttons"><li> <a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/234512" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the Dopamine Receptors Scientific Review">Request copy</a> </li><li> <a class="btn btn-quinary request-pdf" href="/literature/literature-request/p234512" rel="nofollow" title="Request PDF of the Dopamine Receptors Scientific Review">Request PDF<div class="lit_request_pdf"></div></a> </li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/scientific-reviews" title="View all Scientific Reviews">View all Scientific Reviews</a></li> </ul> </div></div><div class="lit_item"> <div class="lit_content"> <div class="lit_image"> <a href="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/reviews/fullsize/234514.jpg?v=2" data-toggle="lightbox" data-title="GABA Receptors Scientific Review" data-footer="<a href='/literature/literature-request/234514' rel='nofollow' title='Request copy of the GABA Receptors'>Request copy</a> or <a href='/literature/literature-request/p234514' rel='nofollow' title='Request PDF of the GABA Receptors'>Request PDF</a> today"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/reviews/regular/234514.jpg?v=2" alt="GABA Receptors Scientific Review" class="img-fluid"></a></div> <h4>GABA Receptors Scientific Review</h4> <p>Written by Ian Martin, Norman Bowery and Susan Dunn, this review provides a history of the GABA receptor, as well as discussing the structure and function of the various subtypes and the clinical potential of receptor modulators; compounds available from Tocris are listed.</p> <ul class="pb_lit_buttons"><li> <a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/234514" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the GABA Receptors Scientific Review">Request copy</a> </li><li> <a class="btn btn-quinary request-pdf" href="/literature/literature-request/p234514" rel="nofollow" title="Request PDF of the GABA Receptors Scientific Review">Request PDF<div class="lit_request_pdf"></div></a> </li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/scientific-reviews" title="View all Scientific Reviews">View all Scientific Reviews</a></li> </ul> </div></div><div class="lit_item"> <div class="lit_content"> <div class="lit_image"> <a href="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/reviews/fullsize/234517.jpg?v=2" data-toggle="lightbox" data-title="Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors Scientific Review" data-footer="<a href='/literature/literature-request/234517' rel='nofollow' title='Request copy of the Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors'>Request copy</a> or <a href='/literature/literature-request/p234517' rel='nofollow' title='Request PDF of the Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors'>Request PDF</a> today"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/reviews/regular/234517.jpg?v=2" alt="Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors Scientific Review" class="img-fluid"></a></div> <h4>Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors Scientific Review</h4> <p>Written by Francine Acher, this review discusses the pharmacology and therapeutic potential of mGlu receptors, and the compounds acting upon them; compounds available from Tocris are listed.</p> <ul class="pb_lit_buttons"><li> <a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/234517" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors Scientific Review">Request copy</a> </li><li> <a class="btn btn-quinary request-pdf" href="/literature/literature-request/p234517" rel="nofollow" title="Request PDF of the Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors Scientific Review">Request PDF<div class="lit_request_pdf"></div></a> </li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/scientific-reviews" title="View all Scientific Reviews">View all Scientific Reviews</a></li> </ul> </div></div><div class="lit_item"> <div class="lit_content"> <div class="lit_image"> <a href="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/reviews/fullsize/234518.jpg?v=2" data-toggle="lightbox" data-title="Nicotinic ACh Receptors Scientific Review" data-footer="<a href='/literature/literature-request/234518' rel='nofollow' title='Request copy of the Nicotinic ACh Receptors'>Request copy</a> or <a href='/literature/literature-request/p234518' rel='nofollow' title='Request PDF of the Nicotinic ACh Receptors'>Request PDF</a> today"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/reviews/regular/234518.jpg?v=2" alt="Nicotinic ACh Receptors Scientific Review" class="img-fluid"></a></div> <h4>Nicotinic ACh Receptors Scientific Review</h4> <p>Updated in 2014, this review by Sue Wonnacott summarizes the diverse structure and function of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and gives an in-depth review of the ligands available for nAChR research. Compounds available from Tocris are listed.</p> <ul class="pb_lit_buttons"><li> <a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/234518" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the Nicotinic ACh Receptors Scientific Review">Request copy</a> </li><li> <a class="btn btn-quinary request-pdf" href="/literature/literature-request/p234518" rel="nofollow" title="Request PDF of the Nicotinic ACh Receptors Scientific Review">Request PDF<div class="lit_request_pdf"></div></a> </li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/scientific-reviews" title="View all Scientific Reviews">View all Scientific Reviews</a></li> </ul> </div></div><div class="lit_item"> <div class="lit_content"> <div class="lit_image"> <a href="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/research-bulletins/fullsize/594240.jpg?v=1" data-toggle="lightbox" data-title="Chemogenetics Research Bulletin" data-footer="<a href='/literature/literature-request/p594240' rel='nofollow' title='Request PDF of the Chemogenetics'>Request PDF</a> today"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/research-bulletins/regular/594240.jpg?v=1" alt="Chemogenetics Research Bulletin" class="img-fluid"></a></div> <h4>Chemogenetics Research Bulletin</h4> <p>Produced by Tocris, the chemogenetics research bulletin provides an introduction to chemogenetic methods to manipulate neuronal activity. It outlines the development of RASSLs, DREADDs and PSAMs, and the use of chemogenetic compounds. DREADD ligands and PSEMs available from Tocris are highlighted.</p> <ul class="pb_lit_buttons"><li> <a class="btn btn-quinary request-pdf" href="/literature/literature-request/p594240" rel="nofollow" title="Request PDF of the Chemogenetics Research Bulletin">Request PDF<div class="lit_request_pdf"></div></a> </li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/research-bulletins" title="View all Research Bulletins">View all Research Bulletins</a></li> </ul> </div></div><div class="lit_item"> <div class="lit_content"> <div class="lit_image"> <a href="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/posters/fullsize/494370.jpg" data-toggle="lightbox" data-title="Addiction Poster" data-footer="<a href='/literature/literature-request/494370' rel='nofollow' title='Request copy of the Addiction'>Request copy</a> or <a class=' pdf-download' href='https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/addiction-poster-2016.pdf' download='https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/addiction-poster-2016.pdf' rel='nofollow' title='Download PDF of the Addiction' data-title='Addiction Poster'>Download PDF</a> today"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/posters/regular/494370.jpg" alt="Addiction Poster" class="img-fluid"></a></div> <h4>Addiction Poster</h4> <p>The key feature of drug addiction is the inability to stop using a drug despite clear evidence of harm. This poster describes the brain circuits associated with addiction, and provides an overview of the main classes of addictive drugs and the neurotransmitter systems that they target.</p> <ul class="pb_lit_buttons"><li> <a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/494370" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the Addiction Poster">Request copy</a> </li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary pdf-download" href="https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/addiction-poster-2016.pdf" download="https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/addiction-poster-2016.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="Download PDF of the Addiction Poster" data-title="Addiction Poster">Download PDF<div class="lit_pdf"></div></a></li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/life-science-posters" title="View all Life Science Posters">View all Life Science Posters</a></li> </ul> </div></div><div class="lit_item"> <div class="lit_content"> <div class="lit_image"> <a href="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/posters/fullsize/244891.jpg?v=1" data-toggle="lightbox" data-title="Alzheimer's Disease Poster" data-footer="<a href='/literature/literature-request/244891' rel='nofollow' title='Request copy of the Alzheimer's Disease'>Request copy</a> or <a class=' pdf-download' href='https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/alzheimers-poster-2023.pdf' download='https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/alzheimers-poster-2023.pdf' rel='nofollow' title='Download PDF of the Alzheimer's Disease' data-title='Alzheimer's Disease Poster'>Download PDF</a> today"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/posters/regular/244891.jpg?v=1" alt="Alzheimer's Disease Poster" class="img-fluid"></a></div> <h4>Alzheimer's Disease Poster</h4> <p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating and progressive neurodegenerative disease and the most common cause of dementia, affecting approximately 30% of individuals aged over 85 years. This poster summarizes the cellular and molecular mechanisms of AD.</p> <ul class="pb_lit_buttons"><li> <a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/244891" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the Alzheimer's Disease Poster">Request copy</a> </li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary pdf-download" href="https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/alzheimers-poster-2023.pdf" download="https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/alzheimers-poster-2023.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="Download PDF of the Alzheimer's Disease Poster" data-title="Alzheimer's Disease Poster">Download PDF<div class="lit_pdf"></div></a></li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/life-science-posters" title="View all Life Science Posters">View all Life Science Posters</a></li> </ul> </div></div><div class="lit_item"> <div class="lit_content"> <div class="lit_image"> <a href="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/posters/fullsize/234528.jpg" data-toggle="lightbox" data-title="Depression Poster" data-footer="<a href='/literature/literature-request/234528' rel='nofollow' title='Request copy of the Depression'>Request copy</a> or <a class=' pdf-download' href='https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/depression-poster-2015.pdf' download='https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/depression-poster-2015.pdf' rel='nofollow' title='Download PDF of the Depression' data-title='Depression Poster'>Download PDF</a> today"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/posters/regular/234528.jpg" alt="Depression Poster" class="img-fluid"></a></div> <h4>Depression Poster</h4> <p>Major depressive disorder is characterized by depressed mood and a loss of interest and/or pleasure. Updated in 2015 this poster highlights presynaptic and postsynaptic targets for the potential treatment of major depressive disorder, as well as outlining the pharmacology of currently approved antidepressant drugs.</p> <ul class="pb_lit_buttons"><li> <a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/234528" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the Depression Poster">Request copy</a> </li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary pdf-download" href="https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/depression-poster-2015.pdf" download="https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/depression-poster-2015.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="Download PDF of the Depression Poster" data-title="Depression Poster">Download PDF<div class="lit_pdf"></div></a></li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/life-science-posters" title="View all Life Science Posters">View all Life Science Posters</a></li> </ul> </div></div><div class="lit_item"> <div class="lit_content"> <div class="lit_image"> <a href="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/posters/fullsize/499073.jpg?v=1" data-toggle="lightbox" data-title="Huntington's Disease Poster" data-footer="<a href='/literature/literature-request/499073' rel='nofollow' title='Request copy of the Huntington's Disease'>Request copy</a> or <a class=' pdf-download' href='https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/huntingtons-poster-2022.pdf' download='https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/huntingtons-poster-2022.pdf' rel='nofollow' title='Download PDF of the Huntington's Disease' data-title='Huntington's Disease Poster'>Download PDF</a> today"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/posters/regular/499073.jpg?v=1" alt="Huntington's Disease Poster" class="img-fluid"></a></div> <h4>Huntington's Disease Poster</h4> <p>Huntington's disease (HD) is a severe monogenic neurodegenerative disorder, which is characterized by the prevalent loss of GABAergic medium spiny neurons (MSN) in the striatum. This poster summarizes the effects of mutant huntingtin aggregation implicated in the pathology of HD, as well as highlighting the use of iPSCs for HD modeling.</p> <ul class="pb_lit_buttons"><li> <a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/499073" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the Huntington's Disease Poster">Request copy</a> </li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary pdf-download" href="https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/huntingtons-poster-2022.pdf" download="https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/huntingtons-poster-2022.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="Download PDF of the Huntington's Disease Poster" data-title="Huntington's Disease Poster">Download PDF<div class="lit_pdf"></div></a></li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/life-science-posters" title="View all Life Science Posters">View all Life Science Posters</a></li> </ul> </div></div><div class="lit_item"> <div class="lit_content"> <div class="lit_image"> <a href="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/posters/fullsize/494493.jpg" data-toggle="lightbox" data-title="Multiple Sclerosis Poster" data-footer="<a href='/literature/literature-request/494493' rel='nofollow' title='Request copy of the Multiple Sclerosis'>Request copy</a> or <a class=' pdf-download' href='https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/multiple-sclerosis-2016.pdf' download='https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/multiple-sclerosis-2016.pdf' rel='nofollow' title='Download PDF of the Multiple Sclerosis' data-title='Multiple Sclerosis Poster'>Download PDF</a> today"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/posters/regular/494493.jpg" alt="Multiple Sclerosis Poster" class="img-fluid"></a></div> <h4>Multiple Sclerosis Poster</h4> <p>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease that is characterized by focal demyelination and axon degeneration in the central nervous system. This poster summarizes the neurobiology and current therapies of MS.</p> <ul class="pb_lit_buttons"><li> <a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/494493" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the Multiple Sclerosis Poster">Request copy</a> </li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary pdf-download" href="https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/multiple-sclerosis-2016.pdf" download="https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/multiple-sclerosis-2016.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="Download PDF of the Multiple Sclerosis Poster" data-title="Multiple Sclerosis Poster">Download PDF<div class="lit_pdf"></div></a></li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/life-science-posters" title="View all Life Science Posters">View all Life Science Posters</a></li> </ul> </div></div><div class="lit_item"> <div class="lit_content"> <div class="lit_image"> <a href="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/posters/fullsize/234507.jpg?v=2" data-toggle="lightbox" data-title="Parkinson's Disease Poster" data-footer="<a href='/literature/literature-request/234507' rel='nofollow' title='Request copy of the Parkinson's Disease'>Request copy</a> or <a class=' pdf-download' href='https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/parkinsons-poster-2022.pdf' download='https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/parkinsons-poster-2022.pdf' rel='nofollow' title='Download PDF of the Parkinson's Disease' data-title='Parkinson's Disease Poster'>Download PDF</a> today"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/posters/regular/234507.jpg?v=2" alt="Parkinson's Disease Poster" class="img-fluid"></a></div> <h4>Parkinson's Disease Poster</h4> <p>Parkinson's disease (PD) causes chronic disability and is the second most common neurodegenerative condition. This poster outlines the neurobiology of the disease, as well as highlighting current therapeutic treatments for symptomatic PD, and emerging therapeutic strategies to delay PD onset and progression.</p> <ul class="pb_lit_buttons"><li> <a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/234507" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the Parkinson's Disease Poster">Request copy</a> </li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary pdf-download" href="https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/parkinsons-poster-2022.pdf" download="https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/parkinsons-poster-2022.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="Download PDF of the Parkinson's Disease Poster" data-title="Parkinson's Disease Poster">Download PDF<div class="lit_pdf"></div></a></li> <li><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/life-science-posters" title="View all Life Science Posters">View all Life Science Posters</a></li> </ul> </div></div> </div> <div class="tab_content 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title="Request copy of the Alzheimer's Disease Research Product Guide">Request copy</a><a class="btn btn-quinary request-pdf" href="/literature/literature-request/p783287" rel="nofollow" title="Request PDF of the Alzheimer's Disease Research Product Guide">Request PDF<div class="lit_request_pdf"></div></a></div><div class="item"><div class="highlight">Huntington's Disease Product Guide</div> <a href="/literature/product-guides/huntingtons-disease"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/product-guides/regular/746077.jpg?v=2" alt="Huntington's Disease Research Product Guide"></a><p class="small">Our product guide provides background information on Huntington's disease and highlights products that can be used to research neurodegeneration.</p><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/746077" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the Huntington's Disease Research Product Guide">Request copy</a><a class="btn btn-quinary request-pdf" href="/literature/literature-request/p746077" rel="nofollow" title="Request PDF of the Huntington's Disease Research Product Guide">Request PDF<div class="lit_request_pdf"></div></a></div><div class="item"><div class="highlight">Parkinson's Disease Guide</div> <a href="/literature/product-guides/parkinsons-disease"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/product-guides/regular/759724.jpg" alt="Parkinson's Disease Research Product Guide"></a><p class="small">Our product guide provides background information on Parkinson's disease and highlights products that can be used to research neurodegeneration.</p><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/759724" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the Parkinson's Disease Research Product Guide">Request copy</a><a class="btn btn-quinary request-pdf" href="/literature/literature-request/p759724" rel="nofollow" title="Request PDF of the Parkinson's Disease Research Product Guide">Request PDF<div class="lit_request_pdf"></div></a></div><div class="item"><div class="highlight">5-HT Scientific Review</div> <a href="/literature/scientific-reviews/5-ht-receptors"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/reviews/regular/234525.jpg?v=2" alt="5-HT Receptors Scientific Review"></a><p class="small">Our 5-HT review summarizes the serotonin receptor subtypes and highlights their importance in mediating various physiological & pharmacological processes.</p><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/234525" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the 5-HT Receptors Scientific Review">Request copy</a><a class="btn btn-quinary request-pdf" href="/literature/literature-request/p234525" rel="nofollow" title="Request PDF of the 5-HT Receptors Scientific Review">Request PDF<div class="lit_request_pdf"></div></a></div><div class="item"><div class="highlight">Cannabinoid Scientific Review</div> <a href="/literature/scientific-reviews/cannabinoid-receptor-ligands"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/reviews/regular/234511.jpg?v=2" alt="Cannabinoid Receptor Ligands Scientific Review"></a><p class="small">Our Cannabinoid review gives an overview of the pharmacological ligands used to study the cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors.</p><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/234511" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the Cannabinoid Receptor Ligands Scientific Review">Request copy</a><a class="btn btn-quinary request-pdf" href="/literature/literature-request/p234511" rel="nofollow" title="Request PDF of the Cannabinoid Receptor Ligands Scientific Review">Request PDF<div class="lit_request_pdf"></div></a></div><div class="item"><div class="highlight">Dopamine Scientific Review</div> <a href="/literature/scientific-reviews/dopamine-receptors"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/reviews/regular/234512.jpg?v=1" alt="Dopamine Receptors Scientific Review"></a><p class="small">Our Dopamine receptors review gives an overview of the dopamine receptor subtypes, and the receptor agonists and antagonists used to study them.</p><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/234512" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the Dopamine Receptors Scientific Review">Request copy</a><a class="btn btn-quinary request-pdf" href="/literature/literature-request/p234512" rel="nofollow" title="Request PDF of the Dopamine Receptors Scientific Review">Request PDF<div class="lit_request_pdf"></div></a></div><div class="item"><div class="highlight">GABA Scientific Review</div> <a href="/literature/scientific-reviews/gaba-receptors"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/reviews/regular/234514.jpg?v=2" alt="GABA Receptors Scientific Review"></a><p class="small">Our GABA review gives an overview of the structure and function of the GABA receptors, as well as highlighting pharmacological ligands for their study.</p><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/234514" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the GABA Receptors Scientific Review">Request copy</a><a class="btn btn-quinary request-pdf" href="/literature/literature-request/p234514" rel="nofollow" title="Request PDF of the GABA Receptors Scientific Review">Request PDF<div class="lit_request_pdf"></div></a></div><div class="item"><div class="highlight">mGlu Receptors Scientific Review</div> <a href="/literature/scientific-reviews/metabotropic-glutamate-receptors"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/reviews/regular/234517.jpg?v=2" alt="Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors Scientific Review"></a><p class="small">Our Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor review gives an overview of the pharmacological ligands used to study the mGlu receptors.</p><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/234517" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors Scientific Review">Request copy</a><a class="btn btn-quinary request-pdf" href="/literature/literature-request/p234517" rel="nofollow" title="Request PDF of the Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors Scientific Review">Request PDF<div class="lit_request_pdf"></div></a></div><div class="item"><div class="highlight">Nicotinic ACh Scientific Review</div> <a href="/literature/scientific-reviews/nicotinic-ach-receptors"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/reviews/regular/234518.jpg?v=2" alt="Nicotinic ACh Receptors Scientific Review"></a><p class="small">Our Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor review summarizes the structure and function of nAChR receptors, and the pharmacological ligands used to study them.</p><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/234518" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the Nicotinic ACh Receptors Scientific Review">Request copy</a><a class="btn btn-quinary request-pdf" href="/literature/literature-request/p234518" rel="nofollow" title="Request PDF of the Nicotinic ACh Receptors Scientific Review">Request PDF<div class="lit_request_pdf"></div></a></div><div class="item"><div class="highlight">Chemogenetics Research Bulletin</div> <a href="/literature/research-bulletins/chemogenetics"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/research-bulletins/regular/594240.jpg?v=1" alt="Chemogenetics Research Bulletin"></a><p class="small">The chemogenetics research bulletin provides introduction to chemogenetic methods to manipulate neuronal activity.</p><a class="btn btn-quinary request-pdf" href="/literature/literature-request/p594240" rel="nofollow" title="Request PDF of the Chemogenetics Research Bulletin">Request PDF<div class="lit_request_pdf"></div></a></div><div class="item"><div class="highlight">Addiction Life Science Poster</div> <a href="/literature/life-science-posters/addiction"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/posters/regular/494370.jpg" alt="Addiction Poster"></a><p class="small">Written by Prof David Nutt, this poster summarizes the brain circuits and neurotransmitter systems that are affected by the main classes of addictive drugs.</p><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/494370" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the Addiction Poster">Request copy</a><a class="btn btn-quinary pdf-download" href="https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/addiction-poster-2016.pdf" download="https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/addiction-poster-2016.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="Download PDF of the Addiction Poster" data-title="Addiction Poster">Download PDF<div class="lit_pdf"></div></a></div><div class="item"><div class="highlight">Alzheimer's Life Science Poster</div><h5>Written by Dimitra Sokolova and Soyon Hong</h5> <a href="/literature/life-science-posters/alzheimers-disease"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/posters/regular/244891.jpg?v=1" alt="Alzheimer's Disease Poster"></a><p class="small">Our Alzheimer's disease poster summarizes the genetic, molecular and cellular changes observed in the progression of this neurodegenerative disease.</p><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/244891" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the Alzheimer's Disease Poster">Request copy</a><a class="btn btn-quinary pdf-download" href="https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/alzheimers-poster-2023.pdf" download="https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/alzheimers-poster-2023.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="Download PDF of the Alzheimer's Disease Poster" data-title="Alzheimer's Disease Poster">Download PDF<div class="lit_pdf"></div></a></div><div class="item"><div class="highlight">Depression Life Science Poster</div><h5>Written by P. Skolnich <em>et al</em></h5> <a href="/literature/life-science-posters/depression"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/posters/regular/234528.jpg" alt="Depression Poster"></a><p class="small">Our Depression poster highlights presynaptic and postsynaptic targets for the potential treatment of major depressive disorder.</p><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/234528" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the Depression Poster">Request copy</a><a class="btn btn-quinary pdf-download" href="https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/depression-poster-2015.pdf" download="https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/depression-poster-2015.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="Download PDF of the Depression Poster" data-title="Depression Poster">Download PDF<div class="lit_pdf"></div></a></div><div class="item"><div class="highlight">Huntington's Disease Life Science Poster</div> <a href="/literature/life-science-posters/huntingtons-disease"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/posters/regular/499073.jpg?v=1" alt="Huntington's Disease Poster"></a><p class="small">Our Huntington's Disease (HD) poster summarizes the pathophysiology and molecular changes that occur in HD.</p><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/499073" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the Huntington's Disease Poster">Request copy</a><a class="btn btn-quinary pdf-download" href="https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/huntingtons-poster-2022.pdf" download="https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/huntingtons-poster-2022.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="Download PDF of the Huntington's Disease Poster" data-title="Huntington's Disease Poster">Download PDF<div class="lit_pdf"></div></a></div><div class="item"><div class="highlight">Multiple Sclerosis Life Science Poster</div> <a href="/literature/life-science-posters/multiple-sclerosis"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/posters/regular/494493.jpg" alt="Multiple Sclerosis Poster"></a><p class="small">Our Multiple Sclerosis (MS) poster gives an overview of the neurobiology and the current therapies available for the treatment of MS.</p><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/494493" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the Multiple Sclerosis Poster">Request copy</a><a class="btn btn-quinary pdf-download" href="https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/multiple-sclerosis-2016.pdf" download="https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/multiple-sclerosis-2016.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="Download PDF of the Multiple Sclerosis Poster" data-title="Multiple Sclerosis Poster">Download PDF<div class="lit_pdf"></div></a></div><div class="item"><div class="highlight">Parkinson's Life Science Poster</div><h5>Written by Anthony H.V. Schapira</h5> <a href="/literature/life-science-posters/parkinsons-disease"><img loading="lazy" src="https://resources.tocris.com/images/literature/posters/regular/234507.jpg?v=2" alt="Parkinson's Disease Poster"></a><p class="small">Our Parkinson's disease (PD) poster summarizes the neurobiology of the disease, and highlights current therapeutic treatments for symptomatic PD.</p><a class="btn btn-quinary" href="/literature/literature-request/234507" rel="nofollow" title="Request copy of the Parkinson's Disease Poster">Request copy</a><a class="btn btn-quinary pdf-download" href="https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/parkinsons-poster-2022.pdf" download="https://resources.tocris.com/pdfs/literature/posters/parkinsons-poster-2022.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" title="Download PDF of the Parkinson's Disease Poster" data-title="Parkinson's Disease Poster">Download PDF<div class="lit_pdf"></div></a></div></div>  <a class="left carousel-control" 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