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id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Arktička_tundra" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arktička_tundra"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Arktička tundra</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Arktička_tundra-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uključi/isključi podsekciju Arktička tundra</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Arktička_tundra-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nastanak_i_geografsko_prostiranje" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nastanak_i_geografsko_prostiranje"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Nastanak i geografsko prostiranje</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nastanak_i_geografsko_prostiranje-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Klimatski_faktor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klimatski_faktor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Klimatski faktor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Klimatski_faktor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Živi_svijet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Živi_svijet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Živi svijet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Živi_svijet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alpijska_tundra" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alpijska_tundra"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Alpijska tundra</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alpijska_tundra-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Literatura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Reference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vanjski_linkovi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vanjski_linkovi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Vanjski linkovi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vanjski_linkovi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Uključi/isključi sadržaj" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Uključi/isključi sadržaj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tundra</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na članak na drugom jeziku. Dostupno na 102 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-102" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">102 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toendra" title="Toendra – afrikans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Toendra" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – aragonski" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="تندرة – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تندرة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – asturijski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – azerbejdžanski" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbejdžanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Тундра – baškirski" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Тундра" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškirski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – balinezijski" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tondra" title="Tondra – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Tondra" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Тундра – bjeloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Тундра" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bjeloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Тундра – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Тундра" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Тундра – bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тундра" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE" title="তুন্দ্রা – bengalski" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তুন্দ্রা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="تەندرا – centralnokurdski" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تەندرا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centralnokurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Тундра – čuvaški" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тундра" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čuvaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BD%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%B1" title="Τούνδρα – grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τούνδρα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundro" title="Tundro – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tundro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – španski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="توندرا – perzijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="توندرا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toundra" title="Toundra – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Toundra" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – sjeverni frizijski" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="sjeverni frizijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BBndra" title="Tûndra – zapadni frizijski" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Tûndra" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="zapadni frizijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – irski" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – galicijski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%94" title="טונדרה – hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טונדרה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="टुण्ड्रा – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="टुण्ड्रा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – hrvatski" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toundra" title="Toundra – haićanski kreolski" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Toundra" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haićanski kreolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A4%D6%80%D5%A1" title="Տունդրա – armenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տունդրա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – interlingva" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nunavik" title="Nunavik – inupiak" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Nunavik" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="inupiak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundro" title="Tundro – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Tundro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fre%C3%B0m%C3%BDri" title="Freðmýri – islandski" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Freðmýri" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – italijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%93%87%E1%90%B9%E1%96%85%E1%91%90%E1%96%83%E1%95%88%E1%93%90%E1%93%87%E1%99%B1%E1%91%A6%E1%91%90%E1%96%85" title="ᓇᐹᖅᑐᖃᕈᓐᓇᙱᑦᑐᖅ – inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᓇᐹᖅᑐᖃᕈᓐᓇᙱᑦᑐᖅ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%84%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%A9" title="ツンドラ – japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ツンドラ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="ტუნდრა – gruzijski" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტუნდრა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – kabile" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabile" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Тундра – kazaški" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тундра" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%88%B0%EB%93%9C%EB%9D%BC" title="툰드라 – korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="툰드라" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Тундра – kirgiški" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Тундра" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – latinski" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toendra" title="Toendra – limburški" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Toendra" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – ligurski" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligurski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundula" title="Tundula – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Tundula" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – litvanski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litvanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – latvijski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Тундро – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Тундро" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Тундра – makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Тундра" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0" title="തുന്ദ്ര – malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തുന്ദ്ര" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6" title="टुंड्रा प्रदेश – marati" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="टुंड्रा प्रदेश" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toendra" title="Toendra – nizozemski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Toendra" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – norveški (Nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norveški (Nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – norveški (Bokmal)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveški (Bokmal)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tondra" title="Tondra – oksitanski" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Tondra" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundru" title="Tundru – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Tundru" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundiraa" title="Tundiraa – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Tundiraa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B9%D9%86%DA%88%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="ٹنڈرا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ٹنڈرا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundr%C4%83" title="Tundră – rumunski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tundră" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Тундра – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тундра" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Тундра – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Тундра" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Туундара – jakutski" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Туундара" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakutski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – škotski" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="škotski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BD%D9%86%DA%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="ٽنڊرا – sindi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ٽنڊرا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – srpskohrvatski" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srpskohrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F" title="තුන්ද්‍රා – sinhaleški" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="තුන්ද්‍රා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhaleški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – slovenski" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – albanski" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Тундра – srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Тундра" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – sundanski" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – svahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="தூந்திரம் – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தூந்திரம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2" title="ทันดรา – tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ทันดรา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Тундра – ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тундра" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B9%D9%86%DA%88%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="ٹنڈرا – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ٹنڈرا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – uzbečki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%C3%A0i_nguy%C3%AAn" title="Đài nguyên – vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đài nguyên" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toendra" title="Toendra – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Toendra" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – varej" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varej" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%BB%E5%8E%9F" title="冻原 – Wu kineski" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="冻原" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%87%8D%E5%8E%9F" title="凍原 – kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="凍原" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%87%8D%E5%8E%9F" title="凍原 – kantonski" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="凍原" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra_climate" title="Tundra climate – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Tundra climate" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q43262#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Uredi međujezičke linkove" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi veze</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tundra" title="Prikaži stranicu sa sadržajem [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Stranica</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Razgovor:Tundra" rel="discussion" title="Razgovor o sadržaju [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Razgovor</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Promijeni varijantu jezika" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">bosanski</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Pregledi"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tundra"><span>Čitaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tundra&veaction=edit" title="Uredite ovu stranicu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tundra&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kod ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi izvor</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tundra&action=history" title="Prethodne izmjene ove stranice [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Historija</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alati" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alati</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Alati</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">premjesti na bočnu traku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Radnje </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tundra"><span>Čitaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tundra&veaction=edit" title="Uredite ovu stranicu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tundra&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kod ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi izvor</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tundra&action=history"><span>Historija</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Općenito </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:%C5%A0ta_vodi_ovamo/Tundra" title="Spisak svih članaka koji su povezani s ovim [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Šta vodi ovamo</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Srodne_izmjene/Tundra" rel="nofollow" title="Nedavne izmjene na stranicama koje su povezane sa ovom [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Srodne izmjene</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Upload" title="Postavi slike i druge medije [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Postavi datoteku</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Posebne_stranice" title="Spisak svih posebnih stranica [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Posebne stranice</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tundra&oldid=3627650" title="Trajni link ove verzije stranice"><span>Trajni link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tundra&action=info" title="Više informacija o ovoj stranici"><span>Informacije o stranici</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Citiraj&page=Tundra&id=3627650&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacije kako citirati ovu stranicu"><span>Citiraj ovu stranicu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Skra%C4%87iva%C4%8D_adresa&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTundra"><span>Skraćeni link</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTundra"><span>Preuzmi QR kod</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Štampanje / izvoz </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Kolekcija&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Tundra"><span>Napravi knjigu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:DownloadAsPdf&page=Tundra&action=show-download-screen"><span>Preuzmi kao PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tundra&printable=yes" title="Verzija ove stranice za štampanje [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Za štampanje</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Na drugim projektima </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Tundra" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q43262" title="Link na povezane podatke spremišnih stavki [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Stavka na Wikipodacima</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izgled"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Izgled</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">premjesti na bočnu traku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">S Wikipedije, slobodne enciklopedije</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="bs" dir="ltr"><table class="box-Prijevod plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Translation_Latin_Alphabet-cs.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Translation_Latin_Alphabet-cs.svg/50px-Translation_Latin_Alphabet-cs.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Translation_Latin_Alphabet-cs.svg/75px-Translation_Latin_Alphabet-cs.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Translation_Latin_Alphabet-cs.svg/100px-Translation_Latin_Alphabet-cs.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="476" data-file-height="189" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>Ovaj članak nije preveden ili je djelimično preveden</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Ako smatrate da ste ga sposobni prevesti, kliknite na "<span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tundra&action=edit"><b>Uredi</b></a></span>" i prevedite ga vodeći računa o enciklopedijskom stilu pisanja i <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pravilno-nepravilno_u_bosanskom_jeziku" title="Wikipedia:Pravilno-nepravilno u bosanskom jeziku">pravopisu</a> <a href="/wiki/Bosanski_jezik" title="Bosanski jezik">bosanskog jezika</a>.</span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Preferences-system.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Preferences-system.svg/40px-Preferences-system.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Preferences-system.svg/60px-Preferences-system.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Preferences-system.svg/80px-Preferences-system.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>Ovom članku potrebna je jezička standardizacija, preuređivanje ili reorganizacija.</b><span class="hide-when-compact"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Va%C5%A1_prvi_%C4%8Dlanak" title="Wikipedia:Vaš prvi članak">Pogledajte</a> kako poboljšati <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%C5%A0ta_je_%C4%8Dlanak%3F" title="Wikipedia:Šta je članak?">članak</a>, kliknite na link <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tundra&action=edit">uredi</a></span></b> i doradite članak vodeći računa o <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Jezi%C4%8Dki_standardi_Wikipedije_na_bosanskom_jeziku" title="Wikipedia:Jezički standardi Wikipedije na bosanskom jeziku">jezičkim</a> i <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stilski_priru%C4%8Dnik" title="Wikipedia:Stilski priručnik">stilskim standardima</a> Wikipedije. Ako niste sigurni kako bi članak trebao izgledati, pogledajte neke od <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Dobri_%C4%8Dlanci" title="Wikipedia:Dobri članci">dobrih članaka</a>.</span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="border: 1px #aaa solid; float:right; clear:right; border-collapse: collapse text-align:center margin-left:0.75em; margin-top:0.75em; margin-bottom:0.75em; background:#f9f9f9; width:200px; font-size:80%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" bgcolor="silver"><center><a href="/wiki/Biom" title="Biom">Biomi</a></center> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" bgcolor="gainsboro"><center>Suhozemni biomi</center> </th></tr> <tr bgcolor="tan"> <td></td> <td bgcolor="#f9f9f9"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tundra</a> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="olive"> <td></td> <td bgcolor="#f9f9f9"><a href="/wiki/Tajga" title="Tajga">Tajge/borealne šume</a> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="darkolivegreen"> <td></td> <td bgcolor="#f9f9f9"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0irokolisne_i_mje%C5%A1ovite_%C5%A1ume_umjerenih_predjela" title="Širokolisne i mješovite šume umjerenih predjela">Širokolisne i mješovite šume umjerenih predjela</a> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="olivedrab"> <td></td> <td bgcolor="#f9f9f9"><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cetinarske_%C5%A1ume_umjerenih_predjela" class="mw-redirect" title="Četinarske šume umjerenih predjela">Četinarske šume umjerenih predjela</a> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="forestgreen"> <td></td> <td bgcolor="#f9f9f9"><a href="/wiki/Tropske_i_suptropske_vla%C5%BEne_%C5%A1irokolisne_%C5%A1ume" title="Tropske i suptropske vlažne širokolisne šume">Tropske i suptropske vlažne širokolisne šume</a> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="darkgreen"> <td></td> <td bgcolor="#f9f9f9"><a href="/wiki/Tropske_i_suptropske_suhe_%C5%A1irokolisne_%C5%A1ume" title="Tropske i suptropske suhe širokolisne šume">Tropske i suptropske suhe širokolisne šume</a> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="green"> <td></td> <td bgcolor="#f9f9f9"><a href="/wiki/Tropske_i_suptropske_%C4%8Detinarske_%C5%A1ume" title="Tropske i suptropske četinarske šume">Tropske i suptropske četinarske šume</a> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="yellowgreen"> <td></td> <td bgcolor="#f9f9f9"><a href="/wiki/Tropske_i_suptropske_travne_i_%C5%BEbunaste_vegetacije" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropske i suptropske travne i žbunaste vegetacije">Tropske i suptropske travne i žbunaste vegetacije</a> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="greenyellow"> <td></td> <td bgcolor="#f9f9f9"><a href="/wiki/Travne_i_%C5%BEbunaste_vegetacije_umjerenih_predjela" title="Travne i žbunaste vegetacije umjerenih predjela">Travne i žbunaste vegetacije umjerenih predjela</a> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="yellowgreen"> <td></td> <td bgcolor="#f9f9f9"><a href="/wiki/Planinske_travne_i_%C5%BEbunaste_vegetacije" class="mw-redirect" title="Planinske travne i žbunaste vegetacije">Planinske travne i žbunaste vegetacije</a> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="goldenrod"> <td></td> <td bgcolor="#f9f9f9"><a href="/wiki/Pustinje_i_vegetacija_su%C5%A1nih_oblasti" title="Pustinje i vegetacija sušnih oblasti">Pustinje i vegetacija sušnih oblasti</a> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="darkgoldenrod"> <td></td> <td bgcolor="#f9f9f9"><a href="/wiki/Sredozemna_vegetacija" class="mw-redirect" title="Sredozemna vegetacija">Sredozemna vegetacija</a> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#27b2a0"> <td></td> <td bgcolor="#f9f9f9"><a href="/wiki/Plavljena_travna_vegetacija" class="mw-redirect" title="Plavljena travna vegetacija">Plavljena travna vegetacija</a> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#177245"> <td></td> <td bgcolor="#f9f9f9"><a href="/wiki/Mangrove" title="Mangrove">Mangrove</a> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f9f9f9"> <td colspan="2" bgcolor="gainsboro"><div style="text-align: center;"> <b>Vodeni biomi</b></div> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="lightblue"> <td></td> <td bgcolor="#f9f9f9"><a href="/wiki/Kontinentalni_prag" title="Kontinentalni prag">Kontinentalni prag</a> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="powderblue"> <td></td> <td bgcolor="#f9f9f9"><a href="/wiki/Litoral" class="mw-redirect" title="Litoral">Obalska zona (litoral)</a> i <a href="/wiki/Zona_mlata" title="Zona mlata">zona mlata</a> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="skyblue"> <td></td> <td bgcolor="#f9f9f9"><a href="/wiki/Riparijska_zona" title="Riparijska zona">Riparijska zona</a> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="deepskyblue"> <td></td> <td bgcolor="#f9f9f9"><a href="/wiki/Jezero" title="Jezero">Jezera</a> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="dodgerblue"> <td></td> <td bgcolor="#f9f9f9"><a href="/wiki/Koralni_greben" title="Koralni greben">Koralni greben</a> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="royalblue"> <td></td> <td bgcolor="#f9f9f9"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ume_algi" title="Šume algi">Šume algi</a> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="mediumblue"> <td></td> <td bgcolor="#f9f9f9"><a href="/wiki/Ledeni_pokriva%C4%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Ledeni pokrivač">Ledeni pokrivač</a> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="darkblue"> <td></td> <td bgcolor="#f9f9f9"><a href="/wiki/Hidrotermalni_izvori" class="mw-redirect" title="Hidrotermalni izvori">Hidrotermalni izvori</a> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="navy"> <td></td> <td bgcolor="#f9f9f9"><a href="/wiki/Hladni_odu%C5%A1ak" title="Hladni odušak">Hladni izvori</a> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="midnightblue"> <td></td> <td bgcolor="#f9f9f9"><a href="/wiki/Bentos" title="Bentos">Zona dna (bentos)</a> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="indigo"> <td></td> <td bgcolor="#f9f9f9"><a href="/wiki/Pelagijska_zona" title="Pelagijska zona">Pelagijska zona (pelagijal)</a> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="black"> <td></td> <td bgcolor="#f9f9f9"><a href="/wiki/Neritska_zona" class="mw-redirect" title="Neritska zona">Neritska zona (sublitoral)</a> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f9f9f9"> <td colspan="2" bgcolor="gainsboro"><div style="text-align: center;"> <b>Drugi biomi</b></div> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="darkslategray"> <td></td> <td bgcolor="#f9f9f9"><a href="/wiki/Endolitska_zona" title="Endolitska zona">Endolitska zona</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Tundra</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> je <a href="/wiki/Biom" title="Biom">biom</a> koji se prostire u predjelima gdje je rast <a href="/wiki/Drvo" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Drvo">drveća</a> onemogućen nižim <a href="/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura">temperaturama</a> i kratkom <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vegetacijska_sezona&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vegetacijska sezona (stranica ne postoji)">vegetacijskom sezonom</a>. Ime potiče od <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kildin-samski_jezik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kildin-samski jezik (stranica ne postoji)">kildin-samske</a> (laponske) reči „tūndâr”, koja označava „ledinu bez drveća”. Postoje dva tipa tundre: <i>arktička</i>, rasprostranjena u polarnim predelima <a href="/wiki/Arktik" title="Arktik">Arktika</a> i <a href="/wiki/Antarktik" title="Antarktik">Antarktika</a>, i <i>alpijska</i>, rasprostranjena u vidu zasebnog pojasa na visokim <a href="/wiki/Planina" title="Planina">planinama</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Flora_(botanika)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flora (botanika) (stranica ne postoji)">Flora</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palearktik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palearktik (stranica ne postoji)">palearktičkih</a> tundri često se naziva <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arkto-alpijska_flora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arkto-alpijska flora (stranica ne postoji)">arkto-alpijskom</a> usljed postojanja zajedničke historije vegetacije i velikog broja zajedničkih vrsta biljaka u arktičkoj i alpijskoj tundri. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arktička_tundra"><span id="Arkti.C4.8Dka_tundra"></span>Arktička tundra</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tundra&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odlomak "Arktička tundra"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tundra&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Arktička tundra"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nastanak_i_geografsko_prostiranje">Nastanak i geografsko prostiranje</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tundra&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odlomak "Nastanak i geografsko prostiranje"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tundra&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Nastanak i geografsko prostiranje"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:800px-Map-Tundra.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/800px-Map-Tundra.png/200px-800px-Map-Tundra.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/800px-Map-Tundra.png/300px-800px-Map-Tundra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/800px-Map-Tundra.png/400px-800px-Map-Tundra.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="370" /></a><figcaption>Rasprostranjenost arktičke tundre na Sjevernoj polulopti</figcaption></figure> <p>U skorijoj geološkoj prošlosti (<a href="/wiki/Ledeno_doba" title="Ledeno doba">ledena doba</a> <a href="/wiki/Kvartar" title="Kvartar">Kvartara</a>) velike ledene mase pokrivale su dio <a href="/wiki/Sjeverna_Amerika" title="Sjeverna Amerika">Sjeverne Amerike</a> i <a href="/wiki/Evropa" title="Evropa">Evrope</a> U periodu poslije posljednje glacijacije led se povukao ka <a href="/wiki/Sjever" title="Sjever">sjeveru</a> ili se zadržao na <a href="/wiki/Planina" title="Planina">planinama</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gle%C4%8Der" class="mw-redirect" title="Glečer">glečeri</a>). Oblasti posljednje oslobođene od leda, a susedne savremenim ledenim pokrivačima pripadaju biomu tundri. Na <a href="/wiki/Engleski_jezik" title="Engleski jezik">engleskom</a> se tundre u Americi nazivaju „barren grounds” (u prijevodu: „oskudna, neplodna zemlja”), ali o jedinstvenosti sa biomom u Evropi i <a href="/wiki/Azija" title="Azija">Aziji</a> svjedoči i to da 75% živog svijeta na svim nabrojanim <a href="/wiki/Kontinent" title="Kontinent">kontinentima</a> čine iste <a href="/wiki/Vrsta_(biologija)" title="Vrsta (biologija)">vrste</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Klimatski_faktor">Klimatski faktor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tundra&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odlomak "Klimatski faktor"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tundra&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Klimatski faktor"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Greenland_scoresby-sydkapp_hg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Greenland_scoresby-sydkapp_hg.jpg/200px-Greenland_scoresby-sydkapp_hg.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Greenland_scoresby-sydkapp_hg.jpg/300px-Greenland_scoresby-sydkapp_hg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Greenland_scoresby-sydkapp_hg.jpg/400px-Greenland_scoresby-sydkapp_hg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Tundra na Grenlandu</figcaption></figure> <p>U nivou polarnog kruga u vrijeme <a href="/wiki/Zima" title="Zima">zimske</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kratkodnevica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kratkodnevica (stranica ne postoji)">kratkodnevnice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sunce" title="Sunce">Sunce</a> se uopće ne izdiže iznad <a href="/wiki/Horizont" title="Horizont">horizonta</a>. Još sjevernije, noć traje još duže i veći dio tundre nema sunčevu osvijetjenost po više mjeseci. To utiče na život u tundri da svoju aktivnost usresrede na kratak period osvijetljenosti. Osim <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tama (stranica ne postoji)">tame</a>, značajan faktor u tundri je i hladnoća koja zapravo ima <a href="/wiki/Geologija" title="Geologija">geološko</a> nasljeđe. Duboki slojevi <a href="/wiki/Zemlji%C5%A1te" title="Zemljište">zemljišta</a> („<a href="/w/index.php?title=Permafrost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Permafrost (stranica ne postoji)">permafrost</a>“) potpuno su zaleđeni. Na <a href="/wiki/Grenland" title="Grenland">Grenlandu</a> je zaleđen sloj debljine 600 metara, a ponegdje i dublje-u Rusiji je zaleđeni sloj bio dubine 1.450 m. U toku ljeta „otkravljuje“ se tek tanak sloj, ne veći od sedam centimetara, ali i to je dovoljno za opstanak živog svijeta koji naseljava tundru. Ovaj sloj je zasićen vodom jer padavine koje su u njega dospjele ne mogu da se ocijede dublje, pošto je tu zaleđeno. U tundri inače ima malo <a href="/wiki/Padavina" title="Padavina">padavina</a> i to je uvijek <a href="/wiki/Snijeg" title="Snijeg">snijeg</a>. Zbog naizmjeničnog smrzavanja i otkravljivanja zemljišta, nastaje <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poligonalno_zemlji%C5%A1te&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poligonalno zemljište (stranica ne postoji)">poligonalno zemljište</a>. Naime, ovi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proces&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proces (stranica ne postoji)">procesi</a> izazivaju pupčenje tla i stvaranje šupljina u kojima se gomila <a href="/wiki/Kamen" title="Kamen">kamenje</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Živi_svijet"><span id=".C5.BDivi_svijet"></span>Živi svijet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tundra&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odlomak "Živi svijet"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tundra&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Živi svijet"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Glavni članak: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekoregioni_tundre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekoregioni tundre (stranica ne postoji)">Ekoregioni tundre</a></div> <p>U tundri se nalaze biljke malih dimenzija. Drvenastih biljaka ima, poput nekih vrsta <a href="/wiki/Breza" title="Breza">breza</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Patuljasta_vrba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patuljasta vrba (stranica ne postoji)">patuljastih vrba</a>, ali se često ne vide od zeljaste <a href="/wiki/Vegetacija" title="Vegetacija">vegetacije</a>. Drvenaste biljke u tundrama pripadaju <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDivotna_forma" title="Životna forma">životnoj formi</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamefite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hamefite (stranica ne postoji)">hamefita</a>, a ne <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fanerofite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fanerofite (stranica ne postoji)">fanerofita</a>, kojoj pripadaju srodne vrste. Od zeljastog bilja brojne su <a href="/wiki/Mahovine" title="Mahovine">mahovine</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pre%C4%8Dice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prečice (stranica ne postoji)">prečice</a>, a poznate su i vrste <a href="/w/index.php?title=Purpurna_kamenika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Purpurna kamenika (stranica ne postoji)">purpurna kamenika</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0umski_geranijum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Šumski geranijum (stranica ne postoji)">šumski geranijum</a>. </p><p>Od životinjskih vrsta poznati su <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mo%C5%A1usno_gove%C4%8De&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mošusno goveče (stranica ne postoji)">mošusno goveče</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Irvas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irvas (stranica ne postoji)">irvasi</a>, koje u Americi nazivaju <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karibu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karibu (stranica ne postoji)">karibui</a>. <a href="/wiki/Vuk" title="Vuk">Vukovi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polarna_lisica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polarna lisica (stranica ne postoji)">polarne lisice</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDderavac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Žderavac (stranica ne postoji)">žderavci</a> su <a href="/wiki/Predator" class="mw-redirect" title="Predator">predatori</a> koji su <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prilago%C4%91enost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prilagođenost (stranica ne postoji)">prilagođeni</a> životu u tundri tako što imaju gusto <a href="/wiki/Krzno" title="Krzno">krzno</a> i sloj potkožne <a href="/wiki/Mast" class="mw-redirect" title="Mast">masti</a>. Takođe, <a href="/wiki/U%C5%A1i" class="mw-redirect" title="Uši">uši</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rep" class="mw-disambig" title="Rep">rep</a> i <a href="/wiki/Nju%C5%A1ka" title="Njuška">njuška</a> su jako skraćeni kako ne bi došlo do smrzavanja. Hrane se <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekunica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tekunica (stranica ne postoji)">tekunicama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Voluharica" title="Voluharica">voluharicama</a> i <a href="/wiki/Leming" title="Leming">leminzima</a>. </p><p>U tundri je veoma mali broj <a href="/wiki/Ptica" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptica">ptica</a> koje su <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ptica_stanarica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ptica stanarica (stranica ne postoji)">stanarice</a>, dok <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ptica_selica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ptica selica (stranica ne postoji)">ptice selice</a> dolaze <a href="/wiki/Ljeto" title="Ljeto">ljeti</a> u milionima. Neke od njih su <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plovka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plovka (stranica ne postoji)">plovke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guska" title="Guska">guske</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zujavac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zujavac (stranica ne postoji)">zujavci</a>. Veliki broj ptica se tada hrani <a href="/wiki/Insekti" title="Insekti">insektima</a> i to najčešće <a href="/wiki/Dvokrilci" title="Dvokrilci">dvokrilcima</a> koji inače zimuju u stadijumu <a href="/wiki/Larva" title="Larva">larvi</a> pod ledom koji se stvara na površini <a href="/wiki/Bara" class="mw-redirect" title="Bara">bara</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alpijska_tundra">Alpijska tundra</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tundra&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odlomak "Alpijska tundra"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tundra&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Alpijska tundra"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Boulder_Ridge_3736.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Boulder_Ridge_3736.JPG/200px-Boulder_Ridge_3736.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Boulder_Ridge_3736.JPG/300px-Boulder_Ridge_3736.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Boulder_Ridge_3736.JPG/400px-Boulder_Ridge_3736.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Alpijska tundra sa Krumholc ekotonom</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Alpijska tundra</b> je vegetacijski pojas u kojoj nema drveća usled niske temperature uzrokovane velikom nadmorskom visinom. Nalazi se iznad <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0umska_granica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Šumska granica (stranica ne postoji)">gornje šumske granice</a> (granice drveća) na svim visokim planinama, a ekoton ka šumskoj vegetaciji karakterizira se <a href="/w/index.php?title=Krumholc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krumholc (stranica ne postoji)">Krumholc</a> formama drveća. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatura">Literatura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tundra&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi odlomak "Literatura"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tundra&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Literatura"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Grupa autora. 1982. Ilustrovana enciklopedija Priroda. Vuk Karadžić. Beograd.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reference">Reference</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tundra&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Uredi odlomak "Reference"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tundra&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Reference"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3312388">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3303350">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/science/tundra">"tundra | ecosystem"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 31. 5. 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=tundra+%7C+ecosystem&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fscience%2Ftundra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ATundra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vanjski_linkovi">Vanjski linkovi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tundra&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Uredi odlomak "Vanjski linkovi"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tundra&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Vanjski linkovi"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.panda.org/about_our_earth/ecoregions/about/habitat_types/selecting_terrestrial_ecoregions/habitat11.cfm">http://www.panda.org/about_our_earth/ecoregions/about/habitat_types/selecting_terrestrial_ecoregions/habitat11.cfm</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100223091305/http://www.panda.org/about_our_earth/ecoregions/about/habitat_types/selecting_terrestrial_ecoregions/habitat11.cfm">Arhivirano</a> 23. 2. 2010. na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20011004081203/http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/msese/earthsysflr/tundra.html">https://web.archive.org/web/20011004081203/http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/msese/earthsysflr/tundra.html</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3627399">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tundra?uselang=bs">Tundra </a></span></b></div></div> </div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Zemljine_forme" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3312386">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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title="Brdo">Brdo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolina" title="Dolina">Dolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrbat" title="Hrbat">Hrbat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planina" title="Planina">Planina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planinski_lanac" title="Planinski lanac">Planinski lanac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visoravan" title="Visoravan">Visoravan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kontinentalne nizije</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ledeni_pokrov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ledeni pokrov (stranica ne postoji)">Ledeni pokrov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravnica" title="Ravnica">Ravnica</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tundra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Riječne forme</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brzak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brzak (stranica ne postoji)">Brzaci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jezero" title="Jezero">Jezero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meandar" title="Meandar">Meandar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rije%C4%8Dna_delta" title="Riječna delta">Riječna delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolina#Riječne_doline" title="Dolina">Riječna dolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rijeka" title="Rijeka">Rijeka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vodopad" title="Vodopad">Vodopad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fluvijalne forme</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aluvijalni_nanosi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aluvijalni nanosi (stranica ne postoji)">Aluvijalni nanosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vla%C5%BEno_podru%C4%8Dje" title="Vlažno područje">Bara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanal_(geografija)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kanal (geografija) (stranica ne postoji)">Kanal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanjon" title="Kanjon">Kanjon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klif" title="Klif">Klif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mo%C4%8Dvara" title="Močvara">Močvara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naplavine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naplavine (stranica ne postoji)">Naplavine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oaza" title="Oaza">Oaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obalni_nasip" title="Obalni nasip">Obalni nasip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pe%C4%87ina" title="Pećina">Pećina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pla%C5%BEa" title="Plaža">Plaža</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rije%C4%8Dna_delta" title="Riječna delta">Riječna delta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Glacijalne forme</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ar%C3%AAte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arête (stranica ne postoji)">Arête</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cirk" title="Cirk">Cirkovi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esker (stranica ne postoji)">Eskeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fjord" title="Fjord">Fjordovi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lednik" title="Lednik">Lednik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tunelske_doline&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tunelske doline (stranica ne postoji)">Tunelske doline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Okeanske i obalne forme</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atol" title="Atol">Atol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estuarij" title="Estuarij">Estuarij</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greben" title="Greben">Greben</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanal_(geografija)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kanal (geografija) (stranica ne postoji)">Kanali</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kontinentalni_greben&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kontinentalni greben (stranica ne postoji)">Kontinentalni greben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koralni_greben" title="Koralni greben">Koralni greben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laguna" title="Laguna">Laguna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moreuz" title="Moreuz">Moreuz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obala" title="Obala">Obala</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Okeanski_rovovi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Okeanski rovovi (stranica ne postoji)">Okeanski rovovi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostrvo" title="Ostrvo">Ostrvo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podmorska_planina" title="Podmorska planina">Podmorska planina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poluostrvo" title="Poluostrvo">Poluostrvo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srednjookeanski_grebeni" title="Srednjookeanski grebeni">Srednjookeanski grebeni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaliv" title="Zaliv">Zaliv</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vulkanske forme</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gejzir" title="Gejzir">Gejzir</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaldera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaldera (stranica ne postoji)">Kaldera</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kratersko_jezero&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kratersko jezero (stranica ne postoji)">Kratersko jezero</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kupa_od_lave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kupa od lave (stranica ne postoji)">Kupa od lave</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lava_plato&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lava plato (stranica ne postoji)">Lava plato</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nizine_od_lave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nizine od lave (stranica ne postoji)">Nizine od lave</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Okeanske_brazde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Okeanske brazde (stranica ne postoji)">Okeanske brazde</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Podmorski_vulkan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Podmorski vulkan (stranica ne postoji)">Podmorski vulkan</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Podvodna_vulkanska_planina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Podvodna vulkanska planina (stranica ne postoji)">Podvodna vulkanska planina</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vru%C4%87a_ta%C4%8Dka_(geologija)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vruća tačka (geologija) (stranica ne postoji)">Vruća tačka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulkan" title="Vulkan">Vulkan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vulkanski_%C4%8Dep&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vulkanski čep (stranica ne postoji)">Vulkanski čep</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vulkanski_krater&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vulkanski krater (stranica ne postoji)">Vulkanski krater</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eolski_procesi_i_oblici" title="Eolski procesi i oblici">Eolske</a> forme</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brda_pijeska&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brda pijeska (stranica ne postoji)">Brda pijeska</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dine (stranica ne postoji)">Dine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isu%C5%A1eno_jezero&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isušeno jezero (stranica ne postoji)">Isušeno jezero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pustinja" title="Pustinja">Pustinja</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tundra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vještačke forme</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brane" class="mw-redirect" title="Brane">Brane</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iskr%C4%8Dena_zemlja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iskrčena zemlja (stranica ne postoji)">Iskrčena zemlja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarak" title="Jarak">Jarak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamenolom" title="Kamenolom">Kamenolom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanal_(gra%C4%91evina)" title="Kanal (građevina)">Kanali napravljeni ljudskom rukom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Most" title="Most">Most</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasip&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nasip (stranica ne postoji)">Nasip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polder" title="Polder">Polder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Put" title="Put">Put</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunel" title="Tunel">Tunel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vje%C5%A1ta%C4%8Dki_greben&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vještački greben (stranica ne postoji)">Vještački greben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vje%C5%A1ta%C4%8Dko_jezero" title="Vještačko jezero">Vještačko jezero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vje%C5%A1ta%C4%8Dko_ostrvo" title="Vještačko ostrvo">Vještačko ostrvo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zgrada" title="Zgrada">Zgrada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b>Također pogledajte:</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Geografski_elementi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geografski elementi (stranica ne postoji)">Geografski elementi</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Preuzeto iz "<a dir="ltr" href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tundra&oldid=3627650">https://bs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tundra&oldid=3627650</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Kategorije" title="Posebno:Kategorije">Kategorije</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Geografija_Arktika" title="Kategorija:Geografija Arktika">Geografija Arktika</a></li><li><a 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