CINXE.COM
Regional Reviews - Global Competition Review
<!doctype html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge"> <meta property="og:url" content="https://globalcompetitionreview.com/insight/reviews" /> <meta name="description" property="og:description" content="Global Competition Review (GCR) is the complete source of news and analysis for competition practitioners. It keeps you up to speed with the issues and trends that matter, giving you the detail, and depth, you need to operate successfully."> <meta name="keywords" property="og:keywords" content="GCR,Global Competition Review,GCR 100, Global Elite, Economics 21, Top competition law firms, Antitrust, Competition, Competition Law, Enforcement, Enforcement agency, Cartel, Dawn Raid, Abuse of Dominance, Monopoly, monopolisation, Mergers, Merger Control, Litigation, Criminalisation, DG Comp, Antitrust Division, FTC, CMA, Single firm conduct, Resale price maintenance, Vertical agreements, Horizontal agreements, Enterprise act, Competition commission, Competition authority, CAT, ICN, Leniency, Price fixing, Antimonopoly, Article 81, Article 82, Hart Scott Rodino, Collusion, Predatory pricing, Review, CADE, Federal Cartel Office"> <meta property="og:image" content="/images/logos/gcr-logo.svg"> <meta name="csrf-token" content="RGuLSd5yXaqoWGhi4upluJfqXcly6bttLTIVHsCF"> <title>Regional Reviews - Global Competition Review</title> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://globalcompetitionreview.com/favicons/gcr/favicon.ico"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://globalcompetitionreview.com/favicons/gcr/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32"> <link rel="preload" as="style" href="https://globalcompetitionreview.com/build/assets/styles/gcr-BVzWnKBE.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://globalcompetitionreview.com/build/assets/styles/gcr-BVzWnKBE.css" /> <script type="module" class="optanon-category-C0002"> (function(h,o,t,j,a,r){ h.hj=h.hj||function(){(h.hj.q=h.hj.q||[]).push(arguments)}; h._hjSettings={hjid:712022,hjsv:6}; a=o.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]; r=o.createElement('script');r.async=1; r.src=t+h._hjSettings.hjid+j+h._hjSettings.hjsv; a.appendChild(r); })(window,document,'https://static.hotjar.com/c/hotjar-','.js?sv='); </script> <script src="https://cookie-cdn.cookiepro.com/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js" type="text/javascript" charset="UTF-8" data-domain-script="ee2fd4b5-70f5-4b03-937e-a6cd90104ec4" ></script> <script type="text/javascript"> function OptanonWrapper() { if ( OnetrustActiveGroups.split(",") .filter(item => item !== '') .includes("C0004") ){ piAId = 879412; piCId = 19757; piHostname = "go.globalcompetitionreview.com"; let pardotCookie = 'pi_opt_in' + ( 879412 - 1000); const pardotScript = 'https://' + "go.globalcompetitionreview.com" + '/pd.js'; OneTrust.InsertScript(pardotScript, 'head', function () { piSetCookie(pardotCookie, 'true', 365); pi.tracker.pi_opt_in = 'true'; piTracker(); }, null, '4'); } } </script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.onload = function() { if (OnetrustActiveGroups.split(",").filter(item => item !== '').includes("C0003") === false) { const iframes = document.getElementsByClassName("optanon-category-C0003"); for (var i = 0; i < iframes.length; i++) { const wrapper = document.createElement('div'); wrapper.className = "iframe-wrapper"; iframes[i].parentNode.insertBefore(wrapper, iframes[i]); wrapper.appendChild(iframes[i]); iframes[i].className = "d-none"; const cookiesComplient = document.createElement("div"); cookiesComplient.className = "cookies-complient"; const para = document.createElement("p"); const paraText = document.createTextNode("You don't see this content because of your Cookies settings. Please enable functional cookies to see it. "); let manageCookiesLink = document.createElement("a"); let manageCookiesLinkText = document.createTextNode("Manage cookies here."); manageCookiesLink.setAttribute("href", "/info/privacy#ot-sdk-btn"); manageCookiesLink.appendChild(manageCookiesLinkText); para.appendChild(paraText); para.appendChild(manageCookiesLink); cookiesComplient.appendChild(para); wrapper.appendChild(cookiesComplient); } } } </script> </head> <body class="brand--gcr"> <div id="app"> <div id="react-scroll-top-arrow"></div> <div class="sticky-retainer"> <header class="site-header "> <div class="card col-sm-12 p-0 m-0 preview-bar"> <div class="tabs col-sm-12 p-0"> <div class="tab-content" id="__BVID__3__BV_tab_container_"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row desktop-header top-header"> <div class="container-fluid col-12 d-flex justify-content-end pr-2"> <ul class="menu-list"> <li class="menu-item"> <a title="GCR Alerts" href="/account/register" >GCR Alerts</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a title="About Us" href="/info/about-us" >About Us</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="header"> <div class="print-logo"> <a href="/"><img class="logo" src="https://globalcompetitionreview.com/images/logos/gcr-logo.svg" alt="GCR logo" height="95"> </a> </div> <div class="row desktop-header header-top align-items-center"> <div class="col-4 site-logo"> <button type="button" class="d-none d-md-inline-block d-xl-none navbar-toggler text-left" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".navbar-collapse">☰</button> <a href="/"> <img class="logo" src="https://globalcompetitionreview.com/images/logos/gcr-logo.svg" alt="GCR logo" height="95"> </a> </div> <div class="col-4 header-search"> <form class="search-form" action="https://globalcompetitionreview.com/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"> <button class="btn-search close" type="button"> <i class="fas fa-times-circle"></i> </button> <label for="global-search" class="sticky-search-label"></label> <input type="text" name="search" class="search-box form-control" value="" autocomplete="off" data-full-placeholder="Search Global Competition Review" placeholder="Search"> <div class="input-group-btn"> <button class="btn-search" type="submit"> <i class="fa fa-search"></i> </button> </div> </form> <div id="react-search-info-modal"></div> </div> <div class="col-4 d-flex justify-content-end pr-0"> <span class="d-inline-block "><a href="https://globalcompetitionreview.com/login" class="register"><i class="far fa-user d-inline-block mr-2"></i>Login</a></span> <span class="d-inline-block mx-2 register-pipe">|</span> <span class="d-inline-block"><a href="https://globalcompetitionreview.com/account/register" class="register">Register</a></span> </div> </div> <div class="header-bottom "> <div class="main-menu col-12"> <div class="navbar navbar-expand-xl p-0"> <div class="container m-0 p-0"> <div class="mobile-header align-items-center"> <div class="col-3 pl-0"> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggler text-left pl-0" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".navbar-collapse">☰</button> </div> <div class="col-6 d-flex justify-content-center"> <a href="/"> <img src="/images/logos/gcr-mobile-logo.svg" alt="GCR logo" class="logo"> </a> </div> <div class="col-3 d-flex justify-content-end pr-0"> <i class="fa fa-search mobile-icon mobile-search-icon"></i><a href="#"><i class=""></i></a> </div> </div> <div class="mobile-search-cont" style="display:none;"> <form class="search-form" action="https://globalcompetitionreview.com/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"> <button class="btn-search close" type="button"> <i class="fas fa-times-circle"></i> </button> <label for="global-search" class="sticky-search-label"></label> <input type="text" name="search" class="search-box form-control" value="" autocomplete="off" data-full-placeholder="Search Global Competition Review" placeholder="Search"> <div class="input-group-btn"> <button class="btn-search" type="submit"> <i class="fa fa-search"></i> </button> </div> </form> <div id="react-search-info-modal"></div> </div> <div class="nav-tablet"> <span class="header-search sticky-search" style="display:none"> <form class="search-form" action="https://globalcompetitionreview.com/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"> <button class="btn-search close" type="button"> <i class="fas fa-times-circle"></i> </button> <label for="global-search" class="sticky-search-label"></label> <input type="text" name="search" class="search-box form-control" value="" autocomplete="off" data-full-placeholder="Search Global Competition Review" placeholder="Search"> <div class="input-group-btn"> <button class="btn-search" type="submit"> <i class="fa fa-search"></i> </button> </div> </form> <div id="react-search-info-modal"></div> </span> <span class="sticky-logo" style="display:none"> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggler text-left" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".navbar-collapse">☰</button> <a href="/"> <img src="/images/logos/gcr-mobile-logo.svg" alt="GCR logo" class="logo"> </a> </span> </div> <div class="navbar-collapse collapse"> <ul class="flex-nowrap nav navbar-nav"> <li> <div class="sticky-logo" style="display:none"> <a href="/"> <img src="/images/logos/gcr-mobile-logo.svg" alt="Logo"> </a> </div> </li> <li class="menu-large nav-item usa-nav "> <a title="GCR FIC" href="/foreign-investment-control" class="nav-link " data-toggle=""> GCR FIC </a> </li> <li class="menu-large nav-item usa-nav "> <a title="GCR USA" href="/usa" class="nav-link " data-toggle=""> GCR USA </a> </li> <li class="menu-large nav-item dropdown "> <a title="News & Analysis" href="#" class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown"> News & Analysis <i class="fas fa-chevron-down"></i> </a> <ul class="dropdown-menu megamenu mt-0"> <li> <ul class="submenu-container row container-fluid d-flex align-items-start"> <li class="col-md-3 dropdown-item pl-0"> <ul> <li class="dropdown-header">Articles</li> <li> <a href="/news" > All News </a> </li> <li> <a href="/interviews-and-analysis" > Interviews and Analysis </a> </li> <li> <a href="/community-news" > Community News </a> </li> <li> <a href="/conference-coverage" > Conference Coverage </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="col-md-3 dropdown-item pl-0"> <ul> <li class="dropdown-header">Work Areas</li> <li> <a href="/work-area/cartels" > Cartels </a> </li> <li> <a href="/work-area/market-studies-inquiries" > Market Studies & Inquiries </a> </li> <li> <a href="/work-area/merger-control" > Merger Control </a> </li> <li> <a href="/work-area/private-antitrust-litigation" > Private Antitrust Litigation </a> </li> <li> <a href="/work-area/state-aid" > State Aid </a> </li> <li> <a href="/work-area/unilateral-conduct" > Unilateral Conduct </a> </li> <li> <a href="/work-area/vertical-restraints" > Vertical Restraints </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="col-md-3 dropdown-item pl-0"> <ul> <li class="dropdown-header">Trending Topics</li> <li> <a href="/topic/collective-actions" > Collective actions </a> </li> <li> <a href="/topic/dawn-raids" > Dawn raids </a> </li> <li> <a href="/topic/digital-markets" > Digital markets </a> </li> <li> <a href="/topic/interim-relief" > Interim relief </a> </li> <li> <a href="/topic/legislation-and-guidance" > Legislation and guidance </a> </li> <li> <a href="/topic/price-fixing" > Price fixing </a> </li> <li> <a href="/topic/resale-price-maintenance" > Resale price maintenance </a> </li> <li> <a href="/topic/standalone-claims" > Standalone claims </a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-large nav-item dropdown "> <a title="Surveys" href="#" class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown"> Surveys <i class="fas fa-chevron-down"></i> </a> <ul class="dropdown-menu megamenu mt-0"> <li> <ul class="submenu-container row container-fluid d-flex align-items-start"> <li class="col-md-3 dropdown-item pl-0"> <ul> <li class="dropdown-header">Rankings</li> <li> <a href="/survey/gcr-100/25th-edition" > GCR 100 </a> </li> <li> <a href="/survey/rating-enforcement/2024" > Rating Enforcement </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="col-md-3 dropdown-item pl-0"> <ul> <li class="dropdown-header">Recognition</li> <li> <a href="/survey/antitrust-academics/2022" > Antitrust Academics </a> </li> <li> <a href="/survey/40-under-40/2024" > 40 under 40 </a> </li> <li> <a href="/survey/corporate-counsel/2023" > Corporate Counsel </a> </li> <li> <a href="/survey/women-in-antitrust/2021" > Women in Antitrust </a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-large nav-item dropdown "> <a title="Insight" href="#" class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown"> Insight <i class="fas fa-chevron-down"></i> </a> <ul class="dropdown-menu megamenu mt-0"> <li> <ul class="submenu-container row container-fluid d-flex align-items-start"> <li class="col-md-3 dropdown-item pl-0"> <ul> <li class="dropdown-header">Insight</li> <li> <a href="/insight/guides" > Guides </a> </li> <li> <a href="/insight/reviews" > Regional Reviews </a> </li> <li> <a href="/insight/market-reviews" > Market Reviews </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="col-md-3 dropdown-item pl-0"> <ul> <li class="dropdown-header">Hub</li> <li> <a href="/hub/class-actions-hub/2024" > Class Actions </a> </li> <li> <a href="/hub/fdi-regulation-hub/fourth-edition" > FDI Regulation </a> </li> <li> <a href="/hub/sepfrand-hub/2024" > SEP/FRAND </a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-large nav-item dropdown "> <a title="Tools" href="#" class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown"> Tools <i class="fas fa-chevron-down"></i> </a> <ul class="dropdown-menu megamenu mt-0"> <li> <ul class="submenu-container row container-fluid d-flex align-items-start"> <li class="col-md-3 dropdown-item pl-0"> <ul> <li class="dropdown-header">Tools</li> <li> <a href="/tools/litigation-navigator" > US Litigation Navigator </a> </li> <li> <a href="/tools/scanner" > Scanner </a> </li> <li> <a href="/tools/cases-and-precedents" > Cases & Precedents </a> </li> <li> <a href="/tools/enforcement-index" > Enforcement Index </a> </li> <li> <a href="/tools/diary" > Diary </a> </li> <li> <a href="/tools/reports-centre" > Reports Centre </a> </li> <li> <a href="/tools/primary-sources" > Primary Sources </a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-large nav-item "> <a title="Events" href="/events/content" class="nav-link " data-toggle=""> Events </a> </li> <li class="header-search sticky-search" style="display:none"> <form class="search-form" action="https://globalcompetitionreview.com/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"> <button class="btn-search close" type="button"> <i class="fas fa-times-circle"></i> </button> <label for="global-search" class="sticky-search-label"></label> <input type="text" name="search" class="search-box form-control" value="" autocomplete="off" data-full-placeholder="Search Global Competition Review" placeholder="Search"> <div class="input-group-btn"> <button class="btn-search" type="submit"> <i class="fa fa-search"></i> </button> </div> </form> <div id="react-search-info-modal"></div> </li> <li class="menu-list mobile"> <ul> <li class="menu-item"> <a title="GCR Alerts" href="/account/register" >GCR Alerts</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a title="About Us" href="/info/about-us" >About Us</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-list mobile account"> <span class="d-inline-block "><a href="https://globalcompetitionreview.com/login" class="register"><i class="far fa-user d-inline-block mr-2"></i>Login</a></span> <span class="d-inline-block mx-2 register-pipe">|</span> <span class="d-inline-block"><a href="https://globalcompetitionreview.com/account/register" class="register">Register</a></span> </li> <li> <div class="header-cta"> <a href="https://globalcompetitionreview.com/info/subscribe" class="btn btn-subscribe">Subscribe Now</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <form id="logout-form" action="https://globalcompetitionreview.com/logout" method="POST" style="display: none;"> <input type="hidden" name="_token" value="RGuLSd5yXaqoWGhi4upluJfqXcly6bttLTIVHsCF" autocomplete="off"> </form> </header> </div> <div class="wrapper-container"> <div class="container-fluid" > <div class="breadcrumbs-wrapper mx-2"> <ul class="py-2 px-0 mb-0"> <li> <a href="/">Home </a> </li> <li> <i class="fa fa-angle-right" aria-hidden="true" class="mx-0 my-2"></i> Regional Reviews </li> </ul> </div> <header class="series-header"> <div class="series-banner reviews d-flex mx-2"> <div class="container-fluid d-flex p-0"> <div class="col-12 col-md-10 align-items-center d-flex p-0"> <div class="series-banner-text"> <h2>Insight</h2> <h3>Regional Reviews</h3> <p class="desc">Our Regional Reviews take a focused approach to key legal issues and differences. They include country-specific chapters, as well as industry and special topic chapters by region. The Reviews are updated annually, with leading experts in the region providing their summaries of salient issues, analysis on any legal changes and any other essential developments over the last 12 months.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="row series-list reviews mx-2"> <div class="series-box border shadowed"> <div class="series-content"> <img class="series-img img-responsive" src="https://d2qu5xmcgmzxnb.cloudfront.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" alt="The Antitrust Review of the Americas"> <div class="series-content-text"> <h3 class="series-title">The Antitrust Review of the Americas</h3> <p>Since 2009, Global Competition Review’s <em>Americas Antitrust Review</em> has been providing focused expertise and research designed to help readers – in-house counsel, government agencies and private practitioners – successfully navigate increasingly complex competition regimes across the Americas. For the last 14 years GCR has worked exclusively with leading competition practitioners, and it is their wealth of experience and knowledge – enabling them not only to explain law and policy, but also put it into context – that makes this review invaluable to anyone doing business in the Americas today. </p> </div> <div class="buttons d-flex"> <a class="btn btn-primary" href="/review/the-antitrust-review-of-the-americas/2025">Read Now</a> <a class="btn view-series-btn" href="/review/the-antitrust-review-of-the-americas">View Series</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="series-box border shadowed"> <div class="series-content"> <img class="series-img img-responsive" src="https://d2qu5xmcgmzxnb.cloudfront.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" alt="The Asia-Pacific Antitrust Review"> <div class="series-content-text"> <h3 class="series-title">The Asia-Pacific Antitrust Review</h3> <p>Now in its 16th year, the <em>Asia-Pacific Antitrust Review 2023</em> delivers specialist intelligence and research designed to help readers – general counsel, government agencies and private practitioners – successfully navigate the region’s increasingly complex competition regimes. Global Competition Review has worked exclusively with leading competition practitioners, and it is their wealth of experience and knowledge – enabling them not only to explain law and policy, but also put it into context – that makes this review invaluable to anyone doing business in the Asia-Pacific region today. </p> </div> <div class="buttons d-flex"> <a class="btn btn-primary" href="/review/the-asia-pacific-antitrust-review/2024">Read Now</a> <a class="btn view-series-btn" href="/review/the-asia-pacific-antitrust-review">View Series</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="series-box border shadowed"> <div class="series-content"> <img class="series-img img-responsive" src="https://d2qu5xmcgmzxnb.cloudfront.net/ewogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAiYnVja2V0IjogImZpbGVzLmxici5jbG91ZCIsCiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICJrZXkiOiAicHVibGljLzIwMjItMDUvRXVyb3BlLmpwZyIsCiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICJlZGl0cyI6IHsKICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAicmVzaXplIjogewogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIndpZHRoIjogNzUwLAogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgImhlaWdodCI6IDQ1MCwKICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICJmaXQiOiAiY292ZXIiCiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgfQogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICB9CiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgfQ==" alt="The European, Middle East and African Antitrust Review"> <div class="series-content-text"> <h3 class="series-title">The European, Middle East and African Antitrust Review</h3> <p>The <em>Europe, Middle East and Africa Antitrust Review</em> delivers specialist intelligence and research designed to help readers – general counsel, government agencies and private practitioners – successfully navigate the world’s increasingly complex competition regimes. Global Competition Review works exclusively with leading competition practitioners and it is their wealth of experience and knowledge – enabling them not only to explain law and policy, but also to put it into context – that makes this review a crucial reference for anyone with business interests in Europe, Africa and the Middle East.</p> </div> <div class="buttons d-flex"> <a class="btn btn-primary" href="/review/the-european-middle-east-and-african-antitrust-review/2025">Read Now</a> <a class="btn view-series-btn" href="/review/the-european-middle-east-and-african-antitrust-review">View Series</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row mr-0 ml-0 justify-content-center"> <div class="subscription col-12 align-items-center d-flex flex-row mr-0 mt-4"> <div class="col-8"> <p>Unlock unlimited access to all Global Competition Review content</p> </div> <div class="col-4 d-flex justify-content-end pr-0"> <a href="https://globalcompetitionreview.com/info/subscribe" class="btn btn-subscribe">Subscribe Now</a> </div> </div> </div> <footer class="site-footer"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row no-margin no-padding"> <div class="col-md-2 footer-menu pl-0"> <img class="logo" src="https://globalcompetitionreview.com/images/logos/gcr-logo.svg" alt="GCR logo" height="95"> </div> <div class="col-md-2 footer-menu "> <ul class="footer-menu-list"> <li> <h3 class="footer-menu-title">About</h3> </li> <li> <a href="/info/about-us" >About Us</a> </li> <li> <a href="/info/contact" >Contact</a> </li> <li> <a href="/info/meet-our-editorial-board" >Editorial Board</a> </li> <li> <a href="/info/code-of-ethics" >Code of ethics</a> </li> <li> <a href="/info/editorial-calendar" >Editorial Calendar</a> </li> <li> <a href="/account/register" >GCR Alerts</a> </li> <li> <a href="/info/privacy" >Privacy</a> </li> <li> <a href="/info/terms-and-conditions" >Terms and Conditions</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2 footer-menu "> <ul class="footer-menu-list"> <li> <h3 class="footer-menu-title">News & Analysis</h3> </li> <li> <a href="/news" >All News</a> </li> <li> <a href="/community-news" >Community News</a> </li> <li> <a href="/conference-coverage" >Conference Coverage</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2 footer-menu "> <ul class="footer-menu-list"> <li> <h3 class="footer-menu-title">Insight</h3> </li> <li> <a href="/insight/guides" >Guides</a> </li> <li> <a href="/hub/fdi-regulation-hub/fourth-edition" >FDI Regulation</a> </li> <li> <a href="/insight/reviews" >Regional Reviews</a> </li> <li> <a href="/insight/market-reviews" >Market Reviews</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2 footer-menu pr-0"> <ul class="footer-menu-list"> <li> <h3 class="footer-menu-title">Tools</h3> </li> <li> <a href="/tools/litigation-navigator" >US Litigation Navigator</a> </li> <li> <a href="/tools/scanner" >Scanner</a> </li> <li> <a href="/tools/cases-and-precedents" >Cases & Precedents</a> </li> <li> <a href="/tools/enforcement-index" >Enforcement Index</a> </li> <li> <a href="/tools/diary" >Diary</a> </li> <li> <a href="/tools/reports-centre" >Reports Centre</a> </li> <li> <a href="/tools/primary-sources" >Primary Sources</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <ul class="footer-menu-list social"> <li> <h3 class="footer-menu-title">Social</h3> </li> <li class="footer-social-item"> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/global-competition-review/" target="_blank"> <i class="fab fa-linkedin"></i> </a> </li> <li class="footer-social-item"> <a href="https://twitter.com/gcr_alerts" target="_blank"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" height="0.875rem" style="display: inline-block; margin-top: -7px;" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M389.2 48h70.6L305.6 224.2 487 464H345L233.7 318.6 106.5 464H35.8L200.7 275.5 26.8 48H172.4L272.9 180.9 389.2 48zM364.4 421.8h39.1L151.1 88h-42L364.4 421.8z"/></svg> </a> </li> </ul> <hr /> <div class="col-12 no-padding footer-bottom-cont d-flex flex-row"> <div class="col-4 d-flex justify-content-start align-items-center pl-0"> <span>Company Number: 03281866 VAT: GB 160 7529 10</span> </div> <div class="col-4 d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center p-0"> <span class="copy">Copyright © <a href="https://www.lbresearch.com/" target="_blank">Law Business Research</a></span> </div> <div class="col-4 p-0"> <ul class="footer-btm-menu d-flex justify-content-end"> <li> <a href="https://globalcompetitionreview.com/info/terms-and-conditions"> Terms and conditions </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://globalcompetitionreview.com/info/privacy"> Privacy Policy </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </footer> <script type="application/javascript"> window.baseUrl = 'https://globalcompetitionreview.com'; </script> <link rel="preload" as="style" href="https://globalcompetitionreview.com/build/assets/shared-react-DyIDtwo1.css" /><link rel="preload" as="style" href="https://globalcompetitionreview.com/build/assets/unsupportedIterableToArray-CnpemQan.css" /><link rel="modulepreload" href="https://globalcompetitionreview.com/build/assets/scripts/gcr-D7Scv-nv.js" /><link rel="modulepreload" href="https://globalcompetitionreview.com/build/assets/shared-react-DCuCM_fJ.js" /><link rel="modulepreload" href="https://globalcompetitionreview.com/build/assets/unsupportedIterableToArray-BlgVhLxu.js" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://globalcompetitionreview.com/build/assets/shared-react-DyIDtwo1.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://globalcompetitionreview.com/build/assets/unsupportedIterableToArray-CnpemQan.css" /><script type="module" src="https://globalcompetitionreview.com/build/assets/scripts/gcr-D7Scv-nv.js"></script> <script> (function(w, d, e, u, c, g, a, b){ w["SSJSConnectorObj"] = w["SSJSConnectorObj"] || {ss_cid : c, domain_info: g}; a = d.createElement(e); a.async = true; a.src = u; b = d.getElementsByTagName(e)[0]; b.parentNode.insertBefore(a, b); })(window,document,"script","https://cdn.perfdrive.com/aperture/aperture.js","bhfd","auto"); </script> <script type="module" class="optanon-category-C0002" async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-1761310-3"></script> <script type="module" class="optanon-category-C0002"> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'UA-1761310-3'); </script> <script type="module" class="optanon-category-C0002" async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P0QNRGFGHZ"></script> <script type="module" class="optanon-category-C0002"> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P0QNRGFGHZ'); </script> <script>(function(){function c(){var b=a.contentDocument||a.contentWindow.document;if(b){var d=b.createElement('script');d.innerHTML="window.__CF$cv$params={r:'91997b43cbeb9ce7',t:'MTc0MDg0MDc4Mi4wMDAwMDA='};var a=document.createElement('script');a.nonce='';a.src='/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/scripts/jsd/main.js';document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(a);";b.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(d)}}if(document.body){var a=document.createElement('iframe');a.height=1;a.width=1;a.style.position='absolute';a.style.top=0;a.style.left=0;a.style.border='none';a.style.visibility='hidden';document.body.appendChild(a);if('loading'!==document.readyState)c();else if(window.addEventListener)document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',c);else{var e=document.onreadystatechange||function(){};document.onreadystatechange=function(b){e(b);'loading'!==document.readyState&&(document.onreadystatechange=e,c())}}}})();</script></body> </html>