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LBR Code of Ethics - Global Competition Review
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public interest, and balanced with respect for the rights and interests of everyone involved.</p> <p>The Code applies to all editorial content published on our digital platforms and distributed via our briefings and social media channels. It follows best practices from around the world and is inspired especially by the <a href="https://www.impressorg.com/standards/impress-standards-code/our-standards-code/">Impress Standards Code</a> and the Independent Press Standards Organisation’s <a href="https://www.ipso.co.uk/editors-code-of-practice/">Editors’ Code of Practice</a>. It is reviewed regularly and updated as required.</p> <p>The Code is intended primarily for editors and journalists producing news content for LBR subscription brands but can be consulted by all creators of content employed by LBR. It also informs our readership about the standards we hold ourselves to. </p> <p>The Code applies to all written, audio and visual content, including images and headlines, created by journalists for LBR. It extends to ‘newsgathering activities’.</p> <p>Our journalists report on legal and regulatory developments around the world. They provide daily news reporting and analysis on matters including legal claims and judicial decisions, investigations, and industry news in complex, fast-moving areas of law.</p> <p>Our audiences are primarily legal professionals in a range of settings, including law firms, corporates and government bodies. They are experts in their fields and turn to us for high-quality, substantive reporting, exclusive information and objective, engaging analysis of developing trends affecting their practice.</p> <p>Our journalists play a key role in shaping and preserving our reputation through their relationships with contributors and readers. Our editorial teams are expected to be members of the communities they cover in good standing. We strive to report the news without favour or deference, whilst showing respect and courtesy to our readers and sources.</p> <p>LBR expects its journalists to behave responsibly and meet the standards set out in this Code, while protecting their role to investigate and report freely.</p> <h2>1. Accuracy</h2> <p>We will put fairness and accuracy first, to ensure that our stories are both factually correct and accurately represent a range of viewpoints from across our community.</p> <p>We strive to listen and be accountable to our readers and sources both before and after publication. We check facts beforehand and, when necessary, respond quickly and appropriately to material inaccuracies.</p> <p>LBR requires its journalists to take reasonable steps to ensure the accuracy of their news reporting. Considerations to take to ensure accuracy include the significance of any possible inaccuracies and their potential consequences, and the speed at which the story needs to be published. The reliability of our source is also a factor.</p> <p>Journalists should take the necessary steps to corroborate a story. This includes making reasonable attempts, before publication, to contact any individuals or organisations for whom publication could potentially have a significant adverse impact and offer them an opportunity to respond where appropriate. A response should normally be published at the same time as any allegations are made or any information is placed in the public domain. We will seek where reasonable to include all relevant facts as omissions can also cause reporting to be inaccurate.</p> <h2>2. Contemporaneous notetaking</h2> <p>Journalists should make timely and adequate notes when gathering information and comment for news stories and ensure notes are retained.</p> <p>We will always notify interviewees if their conversation is being recorded and recordings will be stored in the same way as notes.</p> <h2>3. Statements of fact and opinion</h2> <p>Journalists should clearly distinguish between facts and opinion. A fact can be proven and is based on objective evidence, whereas an opinion is a view formed about something that is not necessarily based on fact.</p> <p>Opinion and facts can appear in the same piece of reporting. In all instances, journalists should take steps to distinguish clearly between the two.</p> <h2>4. Due impartiality</h2> <p>To retain our readers’ trust, we aim to operate in a fair and honest manner and with due impartiality and take reasonable efforts to tell all sides of a story. Where appropriate and possible, journalists should provide facts relating to the source that could affect their impartiality, for example, their affiliations or client relationships.</p> <h2>5. Confidentiality and sources</h2> <p>Our journalists are expected to know the meanings of the expressions ‘on the record’, ‘off the record’ and ‘on background’ and make sure the source agrees on how their quotes will be used from the outset of any communication.</p> <p>We will always respect our confidentiality obligations unless there is an overriding public interest in breaching confidentiality. Journalists should endeavour to check with sources before attributing quotes to their names and use quotations in the context they were given. We will attribute quotes unless explicitly requested not to do so and consider all e-mail correspondence to be on the record unless the source explicitly informs them that it is confidential or unattributable. Quotes may be checked for accuracy if requested by the source, at the discretion of the journalist.</p> <p>We will consider the context of requests for anonymity and whether there is a good reason, such as to protect a source’s livelihood or personal safety. Journalists should consider the source’s relationship to the topic of reporting, particularly if it relates to a lawsuit, and question whether the source could be using anonymity to make misleading statements or overstate their position in a way that would not happen if they were quoted.</p> <p>We will also question whether the story could bring the risk of a claim in defamation, or if there are reporting restrictions such as contempt of court or confidentiality.</p> <p>Journalists should also ask themselves if the information can be corroborated elsewhere, or if there is another source who will go on the record.</p> <p>We will not obtain information using hidden cameras or listening devices; by intercepting private telephone calls, messages or emails; or by actively engaging in the unauthorised removal of documents or photographs.</p> <h2>6. Attribution</h2> <p>Senior editors and publishers should be familiar with copyright and data protection law.</p> <p>We will make reasonable efforts to identify and credit the originator of third-party content and correct any failure to do so at the earliest opportunity. Care should be taken when sourcing content from online or social media sources and user-generated content, when journalists should take reasonable steps to verify the accuracy and reliability of a source.</p> <h2>7. Correction policy</h2> <p>We are committed to correcting inaccuracies as clearly and quickly as possible.</p> <p>In the case of significant mistakes that are factual or could mislead our readers we will publish a notification of correction at the bottom of the relevant story, identifying the nature of the error and providing the correct information in the body of the text and in the correction notice.</p> <p>An editor or deputy editor will use their editorial judgment to decide on the correct way to address a mistake, considering the significance of the inaccuracy and the difference between errors that materially affect the story and mistakes that need correcting but do not affect the overall story materially.</p> <p>In the case of serious errors and complaints, we may take down a published story while we investigate.</p> <p>Corrections will be published with due prominence.</p> <p>‘Clarifications’ may be published when new information comes to light that may change the facts or context of a story.</p> <p>A correction that calls into question the entire substance of an article, raises a significant ethical matter or addresses an instance in which we did not meet our standards, may merit an editor’s note by means of an explanation.</p> <p>As a matter of editorial policy, we do not unpublish stories on request. Our response will be led by senior editors, who will consider whether further editorial action is warranted, for example, a correction, a clarification or further coverage of the subject.</p> <h2>8. Artificial intelligence</h2> <p>We will make responsible use of AI technology to support our output only when we are confident that the results consistently meet our high standards for quality, accuracy, and compliance with the law.</p> <p>All creators of content employed by LBR must be transparent and explicit about their use of AI with their editors, apply rigorous oversight and be alert to its limitations.</p> <p>Our guidance on its use is as follows:</p> <p><ul> <li>We will only use AI tools that have been approved by Law Business Research as being technically robust and secure, and legally and ethically compliant, to minimise the risk of errors and misuse.</li> <li>Journalists may use approved AI tools to enhance or facilitate the production of high-quality journalism and images, but should always apply robust oversight and be transparent to editors about how they have used it.</li> <li>Employees should never upload company information of any kind, including emails, data provided by clients, confidential information, or news articles, whether published or unpublished, on to a publicly available AI platform.</li> <li>We should never trust unverified, unattributed facts given to us by an AI system.</li> <li>All articles we publish must always be assigned to a named journalist, who is responsible for the output and its veracity.</li> <li>We will be transparent about our use of generative AI, clearly signposting published material where the majority or entirety of content has been automated.</li> </ul></p> <h2>9. Privacy</h2> <p>We will take people's reasonable expectations of privacy into account when considering what information to include in our reporting. Personal characteristics of an individual, such as age, profession, or public status, and the sensitivity of the information and how it was obtained will be considered. In some cases, there will be a public interest in knowingly breaching someone's reasonable expectation of privacy, but this will only be done after consulting an editor.</p> <h2>10. Justice and court reporting</h2> <p>When reporting on court proceedings, journalists must be fair and accurate, and comply with any reporting restrictions or statutory prohibitions. Reports must clearly distinguish between what was heard in court and any information from other sources. We will make reasonable efforts to ensure fair and accurate reporting, for example, reporting the defence argument if the complainant’s argument has been reported, or reporting the closing of a case if the opening has been reported.</p> <p>Journalists must not:</p> <p><ul> <li>Knowingly or negligently obstruct any criminal investigations or prejudice any criminal proceedings;</li> <li>Directly or indirectly identify any people under criminal investigation before being charged, unless our Article 10 rights as a watchdog outweigh the Article 8 privacy rights or in the circumstances where there is no reasonable expectation of privacy or a diminished expectation of privacy.</li> <li>Directly or indirectly identify people under 18 who are, or have been, involved in criminal, immigration and asylum, or family proceedings, except as permitted by law;</li> <li>Make or offer payments to witnesses or defendants in criminal proceedings, except as permitted by law; or</li> <li>Do nothing that would interfere with the course of justice or contaminate evidence, in the rare instances of interviewing a witness defendant before trial.</li> </ul></p> <p>They must:</p> <p><ul> <li>Preserve the anonymity of victims and their relations, defendants and witnesses when mandatory or discretionary anonymity is statutorily or court-ordered. Exceptions may only be made for victims who give their express consent to their anonymity being waived.</li> </ul></p> <h2>11. Transparency</h2> <p>We will ensure that significant conflicts of interest are disclosed and that information about financial products is objectively presented. We will correct any failure to disclose significant conflicts of interest with due prominence at the earliest opportunity.</p> <h2>12. Commercial content</h2> <p>We publish some commercial content on our platforms. It provides an opportunity for trusted external contributors from around the world, who are vetted for their standing and knowledge, to showcase their expertise before our readers, while allowing us to tap a deeper well of expertise and to provide more granular analysis than the exigencies of journalism allow. Contributors may choose what to write within an agreed set of parameters. Pieces that do not fit within this scope are rejected.</p> <p>To make clear the relationship of commercial contributors, any such material is clearly presented as a distinct content type, such as our ‘Insight’ content.</p> <h2>13. Public Interest</h2> <p>In certain circumstances, a story in the public interest may justify breaching one or more aspects of this code.</p> <p>Journalism in the public interest refers to reporting news and information that is relevant, important and beneficial to the public. More specifically, it refers to an ‘interest’ or stake in issues that concern a particular community or society, in this case our readership.</p> <p>The public interest may be used to justify content or activities that would otherwise breach the Code when the benefits to society outweigh the potential harm caused by the published article. When publishing a story or acting in a way that may breach the Code, we must show that it is in the public interest. In such instances, it may be appropriate to document the public interest, the justification, why the same result couldn’t have been achieved without breaching the code and why the public interest is greater than the harm caused by the action.</p> <p>Our journalists should take into account the Information Commissioner’s Office’s guidance on public interest.</p> <h2>14. Discrimination</h2> <p>Journalists must not make any prejudicial or pejorative reference to an individual's race, colour, religion, sex, gender identity, sexual orientation or to any physical or mental illness or disability. Any such details must be avoided unless they have a direct relevance to the story.</p> <p>Journalists must not use language or references that explicitly encourage hatred or abuse of a person or group based on their characteristics unless they are direct quotes in certain instances.</p> <h2>15. Harassment</h2> <p>Journalists should always identify themselves as journalists and provide the name of their title when making contact with a source. They must not engage in intimidation, harassment or deception and are required to comply immediately with any reasonable request to desist from contacting, following or communicating with a person, unless there is a public interest justification.</p> <h2>16. Children</h2> <p>Journalists must only engage with a child or report on an identifiable child under 18 when this will not cause the child harm or place the child at risk of harm. Reporting must be done with the child’s consent and, where necessary, the consent of an appropriate adult. Identification of a child can only be made where it is relevant to the story. If a person was under 18 when identified in a piece of news content and later requests to be anonymised in that content, editors must consider the request. Editors should consider using techniques or practices that remove identifying data about children, for example, their parents’ occupations. This clause does not apply to the publication of images of general scenes unless this would put a child at risk of harm.</p> <h2>17. Self-harm, sexual assault and suicide</h2> <p>When reporting on self-harm, sexual assault or suicide, we will not provide excessive details of the method used or the specific location or speculate on the motives, and we will signpost sources of support. We will consider the use of trigger warnings where appropriate. 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