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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_ports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_ports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Historical ports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_ports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_ports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_ports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Modern ports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_ports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Types</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Types subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Inland_port" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inland_port"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Inland port</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inland_port-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seaport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seaport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Seaport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seaport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cargo_port" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cargo_port"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Cargo port</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cargo_port-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cruise_port" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cruise_port"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>Cruise port</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cruise_port-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Port_of_call" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Port_of_call"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.3</span> <span>Port of call</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Port_of_call-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fishing_port" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fishing_port"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Fishing port</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fishing_port-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Marina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Warm-water_port" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Warm-water_port"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Warm-water port</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Warm-water_port-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dry_port" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dry_port"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Dry port</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dry_port-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Smart_port" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Smart_port"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Smart port</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Smart_port-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environmental_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Environmental issues</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Environmental_issues-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Environmental issues subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Environmental_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dredging" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dredging"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Dredging</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dredging-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Invasive_species" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Invasive_species"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Invasive species</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Invasive_species-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air_pollution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air_pollution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Air pollution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air_pollution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Water_quality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water_quality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Water quality</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water_quality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Spills,_pollution_and_contamination" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spills,_pollution_and_contamination"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.1</span> <span>Spills, pollution and contamination</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spills,_pollution_and_contamination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate_change_and_sea_level_rise" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate_change_and_sea_level_rise"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Climate change and sea level rise</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate_change_and_sea_level_rise-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reducing_impact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reducing_impact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Reducing impact</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reducing_impact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World's_major_ports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World's_major_ports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>World's major ports</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-World's_major_ports-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle World's major ports subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-World's_major_ports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>North America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oceania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oceania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Oceania</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oceania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>South America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-See_also-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle See also subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Other_logistics_hubs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_logistics_hubs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Other logistics hubs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_logistics_hubs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Lists</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Port</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 116 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-116" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">116 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawe" title="Hawe – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Hawe" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B0%D3%B7%D3%99%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Абаӷәаза – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Абаӷәаза" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A1" title="ميناء – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ميناء" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto" title="Puerto – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Puerto" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A0%DC%A1%DC%90%DC%A2%DC%90" title="ܠܡܐܢܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܠܡܐܢܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puertu" title="Puertu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Puertu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liman" title="Liman – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Liman" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1" title="بندر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بندر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labuhan" title="Labuhan – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Labuhan" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B0" title="বন্দর – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বন্দর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A1ng-kh%C3%A1u" title="Káng-kháu – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Káng-kháu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82" title="Порт – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Порт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9" title="बंदरगाह – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="बंदरगाह" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5" title="Пристанище – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Пристанище" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luka" title="Luka – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Luka" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porzh_(bago%C3%B9)" title="Porzh (bagoù) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Porzh (bagoù)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port" title="Port – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Port" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantalan" title="Pantalan – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Pantalan" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%99%C3%ADstav" title="Přístav – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Přístav" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porthladd" title="Porthladd – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Porthladd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Havn" title="Havn – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Havn" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafen" title="Hafen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hafen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadam" title="Sadam – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sadam" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Λιμένας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λιμένας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto" title="Puerto – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Puerto" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haveno" title="Haveno – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Haveno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portu" title="Portu – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Portu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1" title="بندر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بندر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port" title="Port – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Port" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haven" title="Haven – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Haven" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calafort" title="Calafort – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Calafort" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purt" title="Purt – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Purt" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port" title="Port – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Port" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porto_(comunicaci%C3%B3ns)" title="Porto (comunicacións) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Porto (comunicacións)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B3ng-khi%C3%A9u" title="Kóng-khiéu – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kóng-khiéu" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%AD%EA%B5%AC" title="항구 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="항구" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8" title="पत्तन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पत्तन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luka" title="Luka – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Luka" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuo" title="Portuo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Portuo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelabuhan" title="Pelabuhan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pelabuhan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porto" title="Porto – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Porto" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porto" title="Porto – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Porto" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%9E%D7%9C" title="נמל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נמל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plabuhan" title="Plabuhan – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Plabuhan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%81" title="ರೇವು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ರೇವು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%92%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ნავსადგური – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნავსადგური" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82" title="Порт – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Порт" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandari" title="Bandari – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Bandari" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bender" title="Bender – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Bender" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%97%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%B7%E0%BA%AD" title="ທ່າເຮືອ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ທ່າເຮືອ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portus" title="Portus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Portus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osta" title="Osta – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Osta" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uostas" title="Uostas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Uostas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lib%C3%B3ngo" title="Libóngo – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Libóngo" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_(trasport)" title="Port (trasport) – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Port (trasport)" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kik%C3%B6t%C5%91" title="Kikötő – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kikötő" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Пристаниште – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Пристаниште" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seranan-tsambo" title="Seranan-tsambo – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Seranan-tsambo" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0" title="बंदर – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="बंदर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ონიშოლი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ონიშოლი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7" title="المينا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="المينا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelabuhan" title="Pelabuhan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pelabuhan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palabuahan" title="Palabuahan – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Palabuahan" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%82" title="Усан боомт – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Усан боомт" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%86%E1%80%AD%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ဆိပ်ကမ်း – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဆိပ်ကမ်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haven" title="Haven – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Haven" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9" title="बन्दरगाह – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="बन्दरगाह" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B1%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D_(%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AC%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE)" title="तुऱैमुकम् (सन् १९९६या संकिपा) – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="तुऱैमुकम् (सन् १९९६या संकिपा)" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B8%AF%E6%B9%BE" title="港湾 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="港湾" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huuwen" title="Huuwen – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Huuwen" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Havn" title="Havn – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Havn" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturleg_hamn" title="Naturleg hamn – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Naturleg hamn" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C3%B9ai" title="Qùai – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Qùai" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B2rt_(marina)" title="Pòrt (marina) – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Pòrt (marina)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B9" title="ਬੰਦਰਗਾਹ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬੰਦਰਗਾਹ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%A7%DB%81" title="بندرگاہ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بندرگاہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haven" title="Haven – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Haven" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_wodny" title="Port wodny – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Port wodny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porto_(transporte)" title="Porto (transporte) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Porto (transporte)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port" title="Port – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Port" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banderi" title="Banderi – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Banderi" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wamp%27urani" title="Wamp'urani – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Wamp'urani" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82" title="Порт – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Порт" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82" title="Порт – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Порт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83" title="पोताश्रयः – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="पोताश्रयः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port" title="Port – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Port" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porti" title="Porti – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Porti" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portu" title="Portu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Portu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port" title="Port – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Port" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%A7%DA%BE" title="بندرگاھ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="بندرگاھ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%ADstav" title="Prístav – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Prístav" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pristani%C5%A1%C4%8De" title="Pristanišče – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pristanišče" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wodno_hawyna" title="Wodno hawyna – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Wodno hawyna" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dekad" title="Dekad – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Dekad" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1" title="بەندەر – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بەندەر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Лука – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Лука" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luka" title="Luka – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Luka" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satama" title="Satama – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Satama" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamn" title="Hamn – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hamn" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daungan" title="Daungan – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Daungan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="துறைமுகப்பட்டினம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="துறைமுகப்பட்டினம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port" title="Port – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Port" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD" title="ท่าเรือ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ท่าเรือ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Бандар – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Бандар" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liman" title="Liman – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Liman" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82" title="Порт – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Порт" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%A7%DB%81" title="بندرگاہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بندرگاہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BA%A3ng_(m%E1%BB%9F_r%E1%BB%99ng)" title="Cảng (mở rộng) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cảng (mở rộng)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B4rt_(%C3%A5s_bateas)" title="Pôrt (ås bateas) – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Pôrt (ås bateas)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B8%AF" title="港 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="港" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duungan" title="Duungan – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Duungan" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B8%AF%E5%8F%A3" title="港口 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="港口" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%98" title="פארט – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פארט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%A0%E9%A0%AD" title="埠頭 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="埠頭" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebur" title="Hebur – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Hebur" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B8%AF%E5%8F%A3" title="港口 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="港口" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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title="Seaport">Seaport</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Maritime facility where ships may dock to load and discharge passengers and cargo</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the facility for ships. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Port_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Port (disambiguation)">Port (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Downtown_Manhattan_Aerial_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Downtown_Manhattan_Aerial_2008.jpg/220px-Downtown_Manhattan_Aerial_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Downtown_Manhattan_Aerial_2008.jpg/330px-Downtown_Manhattan_Aerial_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Downtown_Manhattan_Aerial_2008.jpg/440px-Downtown_Manhattan_Aerial_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Port_of_New_York_and_New_Jersey" title="Port of New York and New Jersey">Port of New York and New Jersey</a>, U.S., grew from the original <a href="/wiki/New_York_Harbor" title="New York Harbor">harbor</a> at the convergence of the <a href="/wiki/North_River_(Hudson_River)" title="North River (Hudson River)">Hudson River</a> and the <a href="/wiki/East_River" title="East River">East River</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Upper_New_York_Bay" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper New York Bay">Upper New York Bay</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>port</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Maritime_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Maritime law">maritime</a> facility comprising one or more <a href="/wiki/Wharf" title="Wharf">wharves</a> or loading areas, where ships load and discharge <a href="/wiki/Affreightment" title="Affreightment">cargo</a> and passengers. Although usually situated on a sea coast or estuary, ports can also be found far inland, such as <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Hamburg" title="Port of Hamburg">Hamburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Manchester" title="Port of Manchester">Manchester</a> and <a href="/wiki/Duluth" class="mw-redirect" title="Duluth">Duluth</a>; these access the sea via <a href="/wiki/River" title="River">rivers</a> or <a href="/wiki/Canal" title="Canal">canals</a>. Because of their roles as <a href="/wiki/Port_of_entry" title="Port of entry">ports of entry</a> for immigrants as well as soldiers in wartime, many port cities have experienced dramatic multi-ethnic and multicultural changes throughout their histories.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ports are extremely important to the global economy; 70% of global merchandise trade by value passes through a port.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For this reason, ports are also often densely populated settlements that provide the labor for processing and handling goods and related services for the ports. Today by far the greatest growth in port development is in Asia, the continent with some of the <a href="/wiki/World%27s_busiest_ports" class="mw-redirect" title="World's busiest ports">world's largest and busiest ports</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Singapore" title="Port of Singapore">Singapore</a> and the <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">Chinese</a> ports of <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Shanghai" title="Port of Shanghai">Shanghai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Ningbo-Zhoushan" title="Port of Ningbo-Zhoushan">Ningbo-Zhoushan</a>. As of 2020, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_busiest_cruise_ports_by_passengers" title="List of busiest cruise ports by passengers">busiest passenger port in Europe</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Helsinki" title="Port of Helsinki">Port of Helsinki</a> in <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, countless smaller ports do exist that may only serve their local tourism or fishing industries. </p><p>Ports can have a wide environmental impact on local ecologies and waterways, most importantly water quality, which can be caused by dredging, spills and other <a href="/wiki/Pollution" title="Pollution">pollution</a>. Ports are heavily affected by changing environmental factors caused by <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a> as most port infrastructure is extremely vulnerable to <a href="/wiki/Sea_level_rise" title="Sea level rise">sea level rise</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coastal_flooding" title="Coastal flooding">coastal flooding</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Internationally, global ports are beginning to identify ways to improve <a href="/wiki/Coastal_management" title="Coastal management">coastal management</a> practices and integrate <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_adaptation" title="Climate change adaptation">climate change adaptation</a> practices into their construction.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_ports">Historical ports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Historical ports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Historical_ports" title="Historical ports">Historical ports</a></div> <p>Wherever ancient civilisations engaged in maritime trade, they tended to develop sea ports. One of the world's oldest known artificial harbors is at <a href="/wiki/Wadi_al-Jarf" title="Wadi al-Jarf">Wadi al-Jarf</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Red_Sea" title="Red Sea">Red Sea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Discovery_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Discovery-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Along with the finding of harbor structures, ancient anchors have also been found. </p><p>Other ancient ports include <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Guangzhou" title="Port of Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a> during <a href="/wiki/Qin_dynasty" title="Qin dynasty">Qin dynasty</a> China and <a href="/wiki/Canopus,_Egypt" title="Canopus, Egypt">Canopus</a>, the principal Egyptian port for Greek trade before the foundation of <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a>. In ancient Greece, Athens' port of <a href="/wiki/Piraeus" title="Piraeus">Piraeus</a> was the base for the Athenian fleet which played a crucial role in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Salamis" title="Battle of Salamis">Battle of Salamis</a> against the Persians in 480 BCE. In ancient India from 3700 BCE, <a href="/wiki/Lothal" title="Lothal">Lothal</a> was a prominent city of the Indus valley civilisation, located in the <a href="/wiki/Bhal_region" title="Bhal region">Bhal region</a> of the modern state of <a href="/wiki/Gujar%C4%81t" class="mw-redirect" title="Gujarāt">Gujarāt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ostia_Antica" title="Ostia Antica">Ostia Antica</a> was the port of ancient Rome with <a href="/wiki/Portus" title="Portus">Portus</a> established by <a href="/wiki/Claudius" title="Claudius">Claudius</a> and enlarged by <a href="/wiki/Trajan" title="Trajan">Trajan</a> to supplement the nearby port of Ostia. In Japan, during the <a href="/wiki/Edo_period" title="Edo period">Edo period</a>, the island of <a href="/wiki/Dejima" title="Dejima">Dejima</a> was the only port open for trade with Europe and received only a single Dutch ship per year, whereas <a href="/wiki/Osaka" title="Osaka">Osaka</a> was the largest domestic port and the main trade hub for rice. </p><p>Post-classical <a href="/wiki/Swahili_culture" title="Swahili culture">Swahili kingdoms</a> are known to have had trade port islands and trade routes<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the Islamic world and Asia. They were described by Greek historians as "metropolises".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Famous African trade ports such as <a href="/wiki/Mombasa" title="Mombasa">Mombasa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zanzibar" title="Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mogadishu" title="Mogadishu">Mogadishu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kilwa_Kisiwani" title="Kilwa Kisiwani">Kilwa</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were known to Chinese sailors such as <a href="/wiki/Zheng_He" title="Zheng He">Zheng He</a> and medieval Islamic historians such as the Berber Islamic voyager <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta">Abu Abdullah ibn Battuta</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many of these ancient sites no longer exist or function as modern ports. Even in more recent times, ports sometimes fall out of use. <a href="/wiki/Rye,_East_Sussex" title="Rye, East Sussex">Rye, East Sussex</a>, was an important English port in the Middle Ages, but the coastline changed and it is now 2 miles (3.2 km) from the sea, while the ports of <a href="/wiki/Ravenspurn" title="Ravenspurn">Ravenspurn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dunwich" title="Dunwich">Dunwich</a> have been lost to <a href="/wiki/Coastal_erosion" title="Coastal erosion">coastal erosion</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_ports">Modern ports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Modern ports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HP_L4329.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/HP_L4329.JPG/330px-HP_L4329.JPG" decoding="async" width="330" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/HP_L4329.JPG/495px-HP_L4329.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/HP_L4329.JPG/660px-HP_L4329.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5712" data-file-height="3757" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/Evergreen_Marine_Corporation" title="Evergreen Marine Corporation">Evergreen</a> ship loading at <a href="/wiki/Container_Terminal_Altenwerder" title="Container Terminal Altenwerder">Container Terminal Altenwerder</a>, port of <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg, Germany</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Whereas early ports tended to be just simple harbours, modern ports tend to be <a href="/wiki/Multimodal_transport" title="Multimodal transport">multimodal</a> distribution <a href="/wiki/Food_hubs" title="Food hubs">hubs</a>, with transport links using sea, river, canal, road, rail and air routes. Successful ports are located to optimize access to an active <a href="/wiki/Hinterland" title="Hinterland">hinterland</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/London_Gateway" title="London Gateway">London Gateway</a>. Ideally, a port will grant <a href="/wiki/Navigability" title="Navigability">easy navigation</a> to ships, and will give shelter from wind and waves. Ports are often on estuaries, where the water may be shallow and may need regular <a href="/wiki/Dredging" title="Dredging">dredging</a>. Deep water ports such as <a href="/wiki/Milford_Haven_Waterway" title="Milford Haven Waterway">Milford Haven</a> are less common, but can handle larger ships with a greater draft, such as <a href="/wiki/Tanker_(ship)" title="Tanker (ship)">super tankers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panamax" title="Panamax">Post-Panamax vessels</a> and large <a href="/wiki/Container_ship" title="Container ship">container ships</a>. Other businesses such as <a href="/wiki/Food_hubs" title="Food hubs">regional distribution centres</a>, warehouses and freight-forwarders, <a href="/wiki/Canning" title="Canning">canneries</a> and other processing facilities find it advantageous to be located within a port or nearby. Modern ports will have specialised <a href="/wiki/Cargo" title="Cargo">cargo</a>-handling equipment, such as <a href="/wiki/Crane_(machine)" title="Crane (machine)">gantry cranes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reach_stacker" title="Reach stacker">reach stackers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Forklift" title="Forklift">forklift trucks</a>. </p><p>Ports usually have specialised functions: some tend to cater mainly for <a href="/wiki/Passenger_ferry" class="mw-redirect" title="Passenger ferry">passenger ferries</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cruise_ship" title="Cruise ship">cruise ships</a>; some specialise in <a href="/wiki/Intermodal_container" title="Intermodal container">container</a> traffic or general cargo; and some ports play an important military role for their nation's navy. Some third world countries and small islands such as <a href="/wiki/Ascension_Island" title="Ascension Island">Ascension</a> and <a href="/wiki/St_Helena" class="mw-redirect" title="St Helena">St Helena</a> still have limited port facilities, so that ships must anchor off while their cargo and passengers are taken ashore by <a href="/wiki/Barge" title="Barge">barge</a> or <a href="/wiki/Launch_(boat)" title="Launch (boat)">launch</a> (respectively). </p><p>In modern times, ports survive or decline, depending on current economic trends. In the UK, both the ports of <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Liverpool" title="Port of Liverpool">Liverpool</a> and <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Southampton" title="Port of Southampton">Southampton</a> were once significant in the transatlantic passenger liner business. Once airliner traffic decimated that trade, both ports diversified to container cargo and cruise ships. Up until the 1950s the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_London" title="Port of London">Port of London</a> was a major international port on the <a href="/wiki/River_Thames" title="River Thames">River Thames</a>, but changes in shipping and the use of containers and larger ships have led to its decline. <a href="/wiki/Thamesport" class="mw-redirect" title="Thamesport">Thamesport</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a small semi-automated container port (with links to the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Felixstowe" title="Port of Felixstowe">Port of Felixstowe</a>, the UK's largest container port) thrived for some years, but has been hit hard by competition from the emergent London Gateway port and logistics hub. </p><p>In mainland Europe, it is normal for ports to be publicly owned, so that, for instance, the ports of <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Rotterdam" title="Port of Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Amsterdam" title="Port of Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a> are owned partly by the state and partly by the cities themselves.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Even though modern ships tend to have bow-thrusters and stern-thrusters,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> many port authorities still require vessels to use <a href="/wiki/Maritime_pilot" title="Maritime pilot">pilots</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tugboat" title="Tugboat">tugboats</a> for manoeuvering large ships in tight quarters. For instance, ships approaching the Belgian <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Antwerp" title="Port of Antwerp">port of Antwerp</a>, an inland port on the <a href="/wiki/Scheldt" title="Scheldt">River Scheldt</a>, are obliged to use Dutch pilots when navigating on that part of the estuary that belongs to the Netherlands. </p><p>Ports with international traffic have <a href="/wiki/Customs" title="Customs">customs</a> facilities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Port" title="Special:EditPage/Port">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2012</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The terms "port" and "seaport" are used for different types of facilities handling ocean-going vessels, and <b>river port</b> is used for river traffic, such as <a href="/wiki/Barge" title="Barge">barges</a> and other shallow-draft vessels. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inland_port">Inland port</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Inland port"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Inland_port" title="Inland port">Inland port</a></div> <p>An <b>inland port</b> is a port on a navigable lake, river (<a href="/wiki/Fluvial" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluvial">fluvial</a> port), or canal with access to a sea or ocean, which therefore allows a ship to sail from the ocean inland to the port to load or unload its cargo. An example of this is the <a href="/wiki/St._Lawrence_Seaway" title="St. Lawrence Seaway">St. Lawrence Seaway</a> which allows ships to travel from the Atlantic Ocean several thousand kilometers inland to Great Lakes ports like <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Twin_Ports" title="Twin Ports">Duluth-Superior</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term <i>inland port</i> is also used for <a href="/wiki/Dry_port" title="Dry port">dry ports</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seaport">Seaport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Seaport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <b>seaport</b> is a port located on the shore of a sea or ocean. It is further categorized as commercial and non-commercial:<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Commercial ones includes "<a href="/wiki/Cruise_port" class="mw-redirect" title="Cruise port">cruise ports</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Cargo_port" class="mw-redirect" title="Cargo port">cargo ports</a>". Additionally, "cruise ports" are also known as a "home port" or a "port of call"; and "cargo port" is also further categorized into a "bulk" or "break bulk port" or as a "container port".</li></ul> <ul><li>Non-commercial seaports are <a href="/wiki/Marina" title="Marina">marina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fishing_port" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing port">fishing ports</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cargo_port">Cargo port</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Cargo port"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Cargo ports</b> are quite different from cruise ports, because each handles very different cargo, which has to be loaded and unloaded by a variety of mechanical means. </p><p><b>Bulk cargo ports</b> may handle one particular type of cargo or numerous cargoes, such as grains, liquid fuels, liquid chemicals, wood, automobiles, etc. Such ports are known as the "bulk" or "break bulk ports". </p><p>Ports that handle <a href="/wiki/Shipping_container" title="Shipping container">containerized</a> cargo are known as <a href="/wiki/Container_port" title="Container port">container ports</a>. </p><p>Most cargo ports handle all sorts of cargo, but some ports are very specific as to what cargo they handle. Additionally, individual cargo ports may be divided into different operating terminals which handle the different types of cargoes, and may be operated by different companies, also known as terminal operators, or <a href="/wiki/Stevedore" class="mw-redirect" title="Stevedore">stevedores</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-khan_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-khan-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cruise_port">Cruise port</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Cruise port"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <b>cruise home port</b> is the port where cruise ship passengers board (or <a href="/wiki/Embarkation" title="Embarkation">embark</a>) to start their cruise and <a href="/wiki/Disembarkment" class="mw-redirect" title="Disembarkment">disembark</a> the cruise ship at the end of their cruise. It is also where the cruise ship's supplies are loaded for the cruise, which includes everything from fresh water and fuel to fruits, vegetables, champagne, and any other supplies needed for the cruise. "Cruise home ports" are very busy places during the day the cruise ship is in port, because off-going passengers debark their baggage and on-coming passengers board the ship in addition to all the supplies being loaded. Cruise home ports tend to have large <a href="/wiki/Passenger_terminal_(maritime)" class="mw-redirect" title="Passenger terminal (maritime)">passenger terminals</a> to handle the large number of passengers passing through the port. The busiest cruise home port in the world is the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Miami" class="mw-redirect" title="Port of Miami">Port of Miami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Port_of_call">Port of call</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Port of call"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <b>port of call</b> is an intermediate stop for a ship on its sailing itinerary. At these ports, cargo ships may take on supplies or fuel, as well as unloading and loading cargo while cruise liners have passengers get on or off ship. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fishing_port">Fishing port</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Fishing port"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <b>fishing port</b> is a port or <a href="/wiki/Harbor" title="Harbor">harbor</a> for landing and distributing fish. It may be a recreational facility, but it is usually commercial. A fishing port is the only port that depends on an ocean product, and depletion of fish may cause a fishing port to be uneconomical. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marina">Marina</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Marina"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marina_Izola.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Marina_Izola.jpg/220px-Marina_Izola.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Marina_Izola.jpg/330px-Marina_Izola.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Marina_Izola.jpg/440px-Marina_Izola.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5870" data-file-height="3948" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Izola" title="Izola">Izola</a> Marina, Slovenia</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b><a href="/wiki/Marina" title="Marina">marina</a></b> is a port for recreational boating. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Warm-water_port">Warm-water port</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Warm-water port"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <b>warm-water port</b><span class="anchor" id="warm_water_port"></span> (also known as an ice-free port) is one where the water does not freeze in winter. This is mainly used in the context of countries with mostly cold winters where parts of the coastline freezes over every winter. Because they are available year-round, warm-water ports can be of great geopolitical or economic interest. Such settlements as <a href="/wiki/Narvik" class="mw-redirect" title="Narvik">Narvik</a> in Norway, <a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a> in China, <a href="/wiki/Murmansk" title="Murmansk">Murmansk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Novorossiysk" title="Novorossiysk">Novorossiysk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky" title="Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky">Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vostochny_Port" title="Vostochny Port">Vostochny Port</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in Russia, <a href="/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa">Odesa</a> in Ukraine, <a href="/wiki/Kushiro,_Hokkaid%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Kushiro, Hokkaidō">Kushiro</a> in Japan and <a href="/wiki/Valdez,_Alaska" title="Valdez, Alaska">Valdez</a> at the terminus of the <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Pipeline" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska Pipeline">Alaska Pipeline</a> owe their very existence to being ice-free ports. The <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a> and similar areas have ports available year-round beginning in the 20th century thanks to <a href="/wiki/Icebreaker" title="Icebreaker">icebreakers</a>, but earlier access problems prompted Russia to expand its territory to the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dry_port">Dry port</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Dry port"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Dry_port" title="Dry port">Dry port</a></div> <p>A <b>dry port</b> is an inland <a href="/wiki/Intermodal_freight_transport" title="Intermodal freight transport">intermodal</a> terminal directly connected by <a href="/wiki/Road" title="Road">road</a> or <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport" title="Rail transport">rail</a> to a seaport and operating as a centre for the <a href="/wiki/Transshipment" title="Transshipment">transshipment</a> of sea cargo to inland destinations.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Smart_port">Smart port</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Smart port"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Smart_port" title="Smart port">Smart port</a></div> <p>A smart port uses technologies, including the <a href="/wiki/Internet_of_things" title="Internet of things">Internet of Things</a> (IoT) and <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a> (AI) to be more efficient at handling goods.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Smart ports usually deploy cloud-based software as part of the process of greater automation to help generate the operating flow that helps the port work smoothly.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At present, most of the world's ports have somewhat embedded technology, if not for full leadership. However, thanks to global government initiatives and exponential growth in maritime trade, the number of intelligent ports has gradually increased. A report by business intelligence provider Visiongain assessed that Smart Ports Market spending would reach $1.5 bn in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Environmental_issues">Environmental issues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Environmental issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Port&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2020</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_shipping" title="Environmental impact of shipping">Environmental impact of shipping</a></div> <p>Ports and their operation are often a cause of environmental issues, such as sediment contamination and spills from ships and are susceptible to larger environmental issues, such as human caused climate change and its effects.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dredging">Dredging</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Dredging"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Dredging" title="Dredging">Dredging</a></div> <p>Every year 100 million cubic metres of <a href="/wiki/Marine_sediment" title="Marine sediment">marine sediment</a> are dredged to improve waterways around ports. Dredging, in its practice, disturbs local ecosystems, brings sediments into the water column, and can stir up pollutants captured in the sediments.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Invasive_species">Invasive species</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Invasive species"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Invasive_species" title="Invasive species">Invasive species</a> are often spread by the <a href="/wiki/Bilge_water" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilge water">bilge water</a> and species attached to the hulls of ships.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is estimated that there are over 7000 invasive species transported in bilge water around the world on a daily basis<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Invasive species can have direct or indirect interactions with native sea life. Direct interaction such as predation, is when a native species with no natural predator is all of a sudden prey of an invasive specie. Indirect interaction can be diseases or other health conditions brought by invasive species.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wawona_-_pumping_bilge_water.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Wawona_-_pumping_bilge_water.jpg/220px-Wawona_-_pumping_bilge_water.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Wawona_-_pumping_bilge_water.jpg/330px-Wawona_-_pumping_bilge_water.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Wawona_-_pumping_bilge_water.jpg/440px-Wawona_-_pumping_bilge_water.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>A ship pumping bilge water into a harbor</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air_pollution">Air pollution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Air pollution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ports are also a source of increased <a href="/wiki/Air_pollution" title="Air pollution">air pollution</a> as a result of ships and land transportation at the port. Transportation corridors around ports have higher exhaust emissions and this can have related health effects on local communities.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Water_quality">Water quality</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Water quality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Water quality around ports is often lower because of both direct and indirect pollution from the shipping, and other challenges caused by the port's community, such as trash washing into the ocean.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_21-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Spills,_pollution_and_contamination"><span id="Spills.2C_pollution_and_contamination"></span>Spills, pollution and contamination</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Spills, pollution and contamination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sewage from ships, and leaks of oil and chemicals from shipping vessels can contaminate local water, and cause other effects like nutrient pollution in the water.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_21-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate_change_and_sea_level_rise">Climate change and sea level rise</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Climate change and sea level rise"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ports and their infrastructure are very <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_vulnerability" title="Climate change vulnerability">vulnerable to climate change</a> and sea level rise, because many of them are in low-lying areas designed for status quo water levels.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Variable weather, coastal erosion, and sea level rise all put pressure on existing infrastructure, resulting in <a href="/wiki/Subsidence" title="Subsidence">subsidence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coastal_flooding" title="Coastal flooding">coastal flooding</a> and other direct pressures on the port.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reducing_impact">Reducing impact</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Reducing impact"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are several initiatives to decrease negative environmental impacts of ports.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-greenmarine_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-greenmarine-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Port_Sustainability_Program&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="World Port Sustainability Program (page does not exist)">World Port Sustainability Program</a> points to all of the <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goals" title="Sustainable Development Goals">Sustainable Development Goals</a> as potential ways of addressing port sustainability.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These include <a href="/w/index.php?title=SIMPYC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SIMPYC (page does not exist)">SIMPYC</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Ports_Climate_Initiative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="World Ports Climate Initiative (page does not exist)">World Ports Climate Initiative</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Green_Port_Initiative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="African Green Port Initiative (page does not exist)">African Green Port Initiative</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=EcoPorts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EcoPorts (page does not exist)">EcoPorts</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_Marine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Green Marine (page does not exist)">Green Marine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-greenmarine_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-greenmarine-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="World's_major_ports"><span id="World.27s_major_ports"></span>World's major ports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: World's major ports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lists_of_ports" title="Lists of ports">Lists of ports</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Africa">Africa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The port of <a href="/wiki/Tanger-Med" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanger-Med">Tangier Med</a> is the largest port on the Mediterranean and in Africa by capacity and went into service in July 2007.</li> <li>The busiest port in Africa is <a href="/wiki/Port_Said" title="Port Said">Port Said</a> in Egypt.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asia">Asia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_East_Asian_ports" class="mw-redirect" title="List of East Asian ports">List of East Asian ports</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_ports_and_harbours_of_the_Indian_Ocean" title="List of ports and harbours of the Indian Ocean">List of ports and harbours of the Indian Ocean</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:VizagPort.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/VizagPort.jpg/220px-VizagPort.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/VizagPort.jpg/330px-VizagPort.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/VizagPort.jpg/440px-VizagPort.jpg 2x" data-file-width="583" data-file-height="388" /></a><figcaption>The port of <a href="/wiki/Visakhapatnam" title="Visakhapatnam">Visakhapatnam</a> in <a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a>, India</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Shanghai" title="Port of Shanghai">port of Shanghai</a> is the largest port in the world in both <a href="/wiki/List_of_world%27s_busiest_ports_by_cargo_tonnage" class="mw-redirect" title="List of world's busiest ports by cargo tonnage">cargo tonnage</a> and activity. It regained its position as the <a href="/wiki/List_of_busiest_ports_by_cargo_tonnage" title="List of busiest ports by cargo tonnage">world's busiest port by cargo tonnage</a> and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_busiest_container_ports" title="List of busiest container ports">world's busiest container port</a> in 2009 and 2010, respectively. It is followed by the ports of <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Singapore" title="Port of Singapore">Singapore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Hong_Kong" title="Port of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Kaohsiung" title="Port of Kaohsiung">Kaohsiung</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, all of which are in <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>. </p><p>The port of Singapore is the world's second-busiest port in terms of total shipping tonnage, it also <a href="/wiki/Transshipment" title="Transshipment">transships</a> a third of the world's <a href="/wiki/Intermodal_container" title="Intermodal container">shipping containers</a>, half of the world's annual supply of <a href="/wiki/Crude_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Crude oil">crude oil</a>, and is the world's busiest <a href="/wiki/Transshipment_at_sea" title="Transshipment at sea">transshipment port</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_busiest_ports_in_Europe" title="List of busiest ports in Europe">List of busiest ports in Europe</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Porttrieste_old.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Porttrieste_old.jpg/220px-Porttrieste_old.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Porttrieste_old.jpg/330px-Porttrieste_old.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Porttrieste_old.jpg/440px-Porttrieste_old.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="396" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Trieste" title="Port of Trieste">Port of Trieste</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Europe's busiest container port and biggest port by cargo tonnage by far is the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Rotterdam" title="Port of Rotterdam">Port of Rotterdam</a>, in the Netherlands. It is followed by the Belgian <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Antwerp" title="Port of Antwerp">Port of Antwerp</a> or the German <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Hamburg" title="Port of Hamburg">Port of Hamburg</a>, depending on which metric is used.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In turn, the Spanish <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Valencia" title="Port of Valencia">Port of Valencia</a> is the busiest port in the Mediterranean basin, while the Portuguese <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Sines" title="Port of Sines">Port of Sines</a> is the busiest atlantic port. The <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Trieste" title="Port of Trieste">Port of Trieste</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, is the main port of the northern Adriatic and starting point of the <a href="/wiki/Transalpine_Pipeline" title="Transalpine Pipeline">Transalpine Pipeline</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_America">North America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: North America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_North_American_ports" class="mw-redirect" title="List of North American ports">List of North American ports</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ports_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Ports of the United States">Ports of the United States</a></div> <p>The largest ports include the Port of <a href="/wiki/Port_of_South_Louisiana" title="Port of South Louisiana">South Louisiana</a>, a vast sprawling port centered in the New Orleans area, <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Houston" title="Port of Houston">Houston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Port_of_New_York_and_New_Jersey" title="Port of New York and New Jersey">Port of New York/New Jersey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Los_Angeles" title="Port of Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a> in the U.S., <a href="/wiki/Manzanillo,_Colima" title="Manzanillo, Colima">Manzanillo</a> in Mexico and <a href="/wiki/Port_Metro_Vancouver" class="mw-redirect" title="Port Metro Vancouver">Vancouver</a> in Canada.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a> also has the <a href="/wiki/Panama_Canal" title="Panama Canal">Panama Canal</a> that connects the Pacific and Atlantic Ocean, and is a key conduit for international trade. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oceania">Oceania</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Oceania"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The largest port in Oceania is the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Melbourne" title="Port of Melbourne">Port of Melbourne</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_America">South America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: South America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_Commission_for_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean">ECLAC</a>'s "Maritime and Logistics Profile of Latin America and the Caribbean", the largest ports in South America are the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Santos" title="Port of Santos">Port of Santos</a> in Brazil, <a href="/wiki/Cartagena,_Colombia" title="Cartagena, Colombia">Cartagena</a> in Colombia, <a href="/wiki/Callao" title="Callao">Callao</a> in Peru, <a href="/wiki/Guayaquil" title="Guayaquil">Guayaquil</a> in Ecuador, and the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Buenos_Aires" title="Port of Buenos Aires">Port of Buenos Aires</a> in Argentina.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anchorage_(shipping)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anchorage (shipping)">Anchorage (shipping)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megaproject" title="Megaproject">Megaproject</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marina" title="Marina">Marina</a> - port for recreational boating</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_management" title="Port management">Port management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_operator" title="Port operator">Port operator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ship_transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Ship transport">Ship transport</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_logistics_hubs">Other logistics hubs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Other logistics hubs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airport" title="Airport">Airport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altiport" title="Altiport">Altiport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heliport" title="Heliport">Heliport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaceport" title="Spaceport">Spaceport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STOLport" title="STOLport">STOLport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayport" title="Wayport">Wayport</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoverport" title="Hoverport">Hoverport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outport" title="Outport">Outport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seaplane_base" title="Seaplane base">Seaplane base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_entry" title="Port of entry">Port of entry</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lists">Lists</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Lists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_ports" title="Lists of ports">Lists of ports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_busiest_cruise_ports_by_passengers" title="List of busiest cruise ports by passengers">List of busiest cruise ports by passengers</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCaves2004" class="citation book cs1">Caves, R. 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Routledge. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediacity00cave/page/n568">528</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415252256" title="Special:BookSources/9780415252256"><bdi>9780415252256</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+City&rft.pages=528&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780415252256&rft.aulast=Caves&rft.aufirst=R.+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediacity00cave&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APort" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_GerringBrendan_ApfeldTore_WigAndreas_Forø_Tollefsen2022" class="citation book cs1">John Gerring; Brendan Apfeld; Tore Wig; Andreas Forø Tollefsen (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/deep-roots-of-modern-democracy/maritime-geography/D05F8B35C9751FBF1FD158F33AA671E1"><i>The Deep Roots of Modern Democracy: Geography and the Diffusion of Political Institutions</i></a>. 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Benefits of PORTS</a> from "NOAA Socioeconomics" website initiative</li> <li>Antunes, Cátia: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0159-2010102547"><i>Early Modern Ports, 1500-1750</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/European_History_Online" title="European History Online">European History Online</a>, Mainz: <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_European_History" class="mw-redirect" title="Institute of European History">Institute of European History</a>, 2011, retrieved: November 2, 2011.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ports_and_harbors" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ports_and_harbors" title="Template:Ports and harbors"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ports_and_harbors" title="Template talk:Ports and harbors"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ports_and_harbors" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ports and harbors"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ports_and_harbors" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ports</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harbor" title="Harbor">harbors</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Home_port" title="Home port">Home port</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuelling_station" title="Fuelling station">Fuelling station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inland_harbor" title="Inland harbor">Inland harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inland_port" title="Inland port">Inland port</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landing_(water_transport)" title="Landing (water transport)">Landing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outport" title="Outport">Outport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_entry" title="Port of entry">Port of entry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trust_port" title="Trust port">Trust port</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_port" title="Dry port">Dry port</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anchorage_(maritime)" title="Anchorage (maritime)">Anchorage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wharf" title="Wharf">Wharf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_base" title="Naval base">Naval base</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rankings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World%27s_busiest_port" class="mw-redirect" title="World's busiest port">World's busiest port</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_busiest_container_ports" title="List of busiest container ports">Busiest container ports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_busiest_ports_by_cargo_tonnage" title="List of busiest ports by cargo tonnage">Busiest by tonnage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_busiest_cruise_ports_by_passengers" title="List of busiest cruise ports by passengers">Busiest by cruise passengers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_container_port_traffic" title="List of countries by container port traffic">Countries by container port traffic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ports_and_harbors_of_the_Arctic_Ocean" title="List of ports and harbors of the Arctic Ocean">Arctic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ports_and_harbours_of_the_Atlantic_Ocean" title="List of ports and harbours of the Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ports_and_harbours_of_the_Indian_Ocean" title="List of ports and harbours of the Indian Ocean">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ports_and_harbors_of_the_Pacific_Ocean" title="List of ports and harbors of the Pacific Ocean">Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_ports_and_harbors_of_the_Southern_Ocean&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of ports and harbors of the Southern Ocean (page does not exist)">Southern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Port_management" title="Port management">Port management</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_transport" title="Maritime transport">Maritime transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_authority" title="Port authority">Port authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_state_control" title="Port state control">Port state control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Harbour_engineers" title="Category:Harbour engineers">Harbour engineer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_operator" title="Port operator">Port operator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_security" title="Port security">Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_operations_simulator" title="Port operations simulator">Port operations simulator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terminal_Operating_System" title="Terminal Operating System">Terminal Operating System</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conventions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SOLAS_Convention" title="SOLAS Convention">SOLAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MARPOL_73/78" title="MARPOL 73/78">MARPOL 73/78</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STCW_Convention" title="STCW Convention">STCW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballast_Water_Management_Convention" title="Ballast Water Management Convention">Ballast Water Management Convention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Transport" title="Portal:Transport">Transport portal</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Ports_and_harbours" title="Category:Ports and harbours">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ports_and_harbours" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ports and harbours">Commons</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wiktionary page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Port" class="extiw" title="wikt:Port">Wiktionary "Port"</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wiktionary page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Harbor" class="extiw" title="wikt:Harbor">Wiktionary "Harbor"</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Ports" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Ports">WikiProject</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Public_infrastructure" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Public_infrastructure_topics" title="Template:Public infrastructure topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Public_infrastructure_topics" title="Template talk:Public infrastructure topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Public_infrastructure_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Public infrastructure topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Public_infrastructure" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Public_infrastructure" class="mw-redirect" title="Public infrastructure">Public infrastructure</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fixed_asset" title="Fixed asset">Assets</a><br />and<br />facilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airport" title="Airport">Airports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge" title="Bridge">Bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadband" title="Broadband">Broadband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal" title="Canal">Canals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_infrastructure" title="Critical infrastructure">Critical infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dam" title="Dam">Dams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_generation" title="Electricity generation">Electricity generation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_development" title="Energy development">Energy development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazardous_waste" title="Hazardous waste">Hazardous waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospital" title="Hospital">Hospitals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levee" title="Levee">Levees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lighthouse" title="Lighthouse">Lighthouses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_solid_waste" title="Municipal solid waste">Municipal solid waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park" title="Park">Parks</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_housing" title="Public housing">Public housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_space" title="Public space">Public spaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_transport" title="Public transport">Public transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_utility" title="Public utility">Public utilities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_works" title="Public works">Public works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport" title="Rail transport">Rail transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road" title="Road">Roads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewage" title="Sewage">Sewage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_school" title="State school">State schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications" title="Telecommunications">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Town_square" title="Town square">Town square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wastewater_treatment" title="Wastewater treatment">Wastewater treatment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_network" title="Water supply network">Water supply network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power" title="Wind power">Wind power</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appropriation_(law)" title="Appropriation (law)">Appropriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrastructure_asset_management" title="Infrastructure asset management">Infrastructure asset management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Build%E2%80%93operate%E2%80%93transfer" title="Build–operate–transfer">Build–operate–transfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design%E2%80%93build" title="Design–build">Design–build</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earmark_(politics)" title="Earmark (politics)">Earmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrastructure#Engineering" title="Infrastructure">Engineering contracts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Externality" title="Externality">Externality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fixed_cost" title="Fixed cost">Fixed cost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_debt" title="Government debt">Government debt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrastructure_bond" title="Infrastructure bond">Infrastructure bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life-cycle_assessment" title="Life-cycle assessment">Life-cycle assessment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindahl_tax" title="Lindahl tax">Lindahl tax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maintenance,_repair,_and_operations" class="mw-redirect" title="Maintenance, repair, and operations">Maintenance, repair, and operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_monopoly" title="Natural monopoly">Natural monopoly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_tax" title="Property tax">Property tax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_capital" title="Public capital">Public capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_finance" title="Public finance">Public finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_good_(economics)" title="Public good (economics)">Public good</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_sector" title="Public sector">Public sector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public%E2%80%93private_partnership" title="Public–private partnership">Public–private partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renovation" title="Renovation">Renovation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spillover_(economics)" title="Spillover (economics)">Spillover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supply_chain" title="Supply chain">Supply chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax" title="Tax">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upgrade" title="Upgrade">Upgrade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Issues<br />and<br />ideas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_traffic_control" title="Air traffic control">Air traffic control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brownfield_land" title="Brownfield land">Brownfield land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_rapid_transit" title="Bus rapid transit">Bus rapid transit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_footprint" title="Carbon footprint">Carbon footprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congestion_pricing" title="Congestion pricing">Congestion pricing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Containerization" title="Containerization">Containerization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethanol_fuel" title="Ethanol fuel">Ethanol fuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_efficiency" title="Fuel efficiency">Fuel efficiency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_tax" title="Fuel tax">Fuel tax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groundwater" title="Groundwater">Groundwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail" title="High-speed rail">High-speed rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle" title="Hybrid vehicle">Hybrid vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land-use_planning" title="Land-use planning">Land-use planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_data_terminal" title="Mobile data terminal">Mobile data terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pork_barrel" title="Pork barrel">Pork barrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recycling" title="Recycling">Recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_resource" title="Renewable resource">Renewable resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_osmosis" title="Reverse osmosis">Reverse osmosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_grid" title="Smart grid">Smart grid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_growth" title="Smart growth">Smart growth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stormwater" title="Stormwater">Stormwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_urban_infrastructure" title="Sustainable urban infrastructure">Sustainable urban infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traffic_congestion" title="Traffic congestion">Traffic congestion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transit-oriented_development" title="Transit-oriented development">Transit-oriented development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_sprawl" title="Urban sprawl">Urban sprawl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste-to-energy" title="Waste-to-energy">Waste-to-energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weatherization" title="Weatherization">Weatherization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless" title="Wireless">Wireless</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fields<br />of study</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_engineering" title="Civil engineering">Civil engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_engineering" title="Electrical engineering">Electrical engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanical_engineering" title="Mechanical engineering">Mechanical engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_economics" title="Public economics">Public economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_policy" title="Public policy">Public policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_planning" title="Urban planning">Urban planning</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Examples</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akashi_Kaiky%C5%8D_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Akashi Kaikyō Bridge">Akashi Kaikyō Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autobahn" title="Autobahn">Autobahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Bridge" title="Brooklyn Bridge">Brooklyn Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bus_rapid_transit_systems" title="List of bus rapid transit systems">Bus rapid transit systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Tunnel" title="Channel Tunnel">Channel Tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_controlled-access_highway_systems" title="List of controlled-access highway systems">Controlled-access highway systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_power_transmission#Overhead_transmission" title="Electric power transmission">Electric power transmission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_high-speed_trains" title="List of high-speed trains">High-speed trains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_International_Airport" title="Hong Kong International Airport">Hong Kong International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoover_Dam" title="Hoover Dam">Hoover Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humber_Bridge" title="Humber Bridge">Humber Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansai_International_Airport" title="Kansai International Airport">Kansai International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millau_Viaduct" title="Millau Viaduct">Millau Viaduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_by_country" title="Nuclear power by country">Nuclear power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_offshore_wind_farms" title="List of offshore wind farms">Offshore wind farms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panama_Canal" title="Panama Canal">Panama Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Shanghai" title="Port of Shanghai">Port of Shanghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco%E2%80%93Oakland_Bay_Bridge" title="San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge">San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal" title="Suez Canal">Suez Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_by_country" title="Solar power by country">Solar power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Gorges_Dam" title="Three Gorges Dam">Three Gorges Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Alaska_Pipeline_System" title="Trans-Alaska Pipeline System">Trans-Alaska pipeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcontinental_railroad" title="Transcontinental railroad">Transcontinental railroads</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Real_estate_developments" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Real_estate_developments" title="Template:Real estate developments"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Real_estate_developments" title="Template talk:Real estate developments"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Real_estate_developments" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Real estate developments"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Real_estate_developments" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Real_estate_development" title="Real estate development">Real estate developments</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Planned_commercial_developments" title="Category:Planned commercial developments">Commercial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airport" title="Airport">Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_park" title="Business park">Business park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_area" title="Commercial area">Commercial area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed-use_development" title="Mixed-use development">Mixed-use development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_building" class="mw-redirect" title="Office building">Office building</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Port</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inland_port" title="Inland port">inland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_center_(retail)" title="Power center (retail)">Power center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retail_park" title="Retail park">Retail park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverfront" title="Riverfront">Riverfront</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shopping_center" title="Shopping center">Shopping center</a> (<a href="/wiki/Shopping_mall" title="Shopping mall">Shopping mall</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_shopping_streets_and_districts_by_city" title="List of shopping streets and districts by city">Shopping streets and districts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Planned_industrial_developments" title="Category:Planned industrial developments">Industrial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Business_cluster" title="Business cluster">Business cluster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_district" title="Industrial district">Industrial district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_park" title="Industrial park">Industrial park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_technology_centers" title="List of technology centers">Technology centers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Planned_residential_developments" title="Category:Planned residential developments">Residential</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agrihood" title="Agrihood">Agrihood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boarding_house" title="Boarding house">Boarding house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bungalow_court" title="Bungalow court">Bungalow court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_block" title="City block">City block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closed_community" title="Closed community">Closed community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Company_town" title="Company town">Company town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_community" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservation community">Conservation community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_home" title="Executive home">Executive home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golf_course_community" title="Golf course community">Golf course community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gated_community" title="Gated community">Gated community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_estate" title="Housing estate">Housing estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intentional_community" title="Intentional community">Intentional community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxury_apartment" title="Luxury apartment">Luxury apartment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McMansion" title="McMansion">McMansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed-use_development" title="Mixed-use development">Mixed-use development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_dwellings_company" title="Model dwellings company">Model dwellings for the poor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multifamily_residential" title="Multifamily residential">Multifamily residential</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penthouse_apartment" title="Penthouse apartment">Penthouse apartment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_community" title="Private community">Private community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_housing" title="Public housing">Public housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airpark" title="Airpark">Residential airpark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Residential_area" title="Residential area">Residential area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retirement_community" title="Retirement community">Retirement community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revenue_house" title="Revenue house">Revenue house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rooming_house" title="Rooming house">Rooming house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-room_occupancy" title="Single-room occupancy">Single-room occupancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivision_(land)" title="Subdivision (land)">Subdivision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tract_housing" title="Tract housing">Tract housing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Science/education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Campus" title="Campus">Campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_research_parks" title="List of research parks">Research park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_campus" title="Satellite campus">Satellite campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_park" title="Science park">Science park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Planned_municipal_developments" title="Category:Planned municipal developments">Municipal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arcology" title="Arcology">Arcology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civic_center" title="Civic center">Civic center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_city_movement" title="Garden city movement">Garden city movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_village" title="Model village">Model village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_planned_cities" title="List of planned cities">Planned cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planned_community" title="Planned community">Planned community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_green_space" title="Urban green space">Urban green space</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urban_park" title="Urban park">parks</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Building" title="Building">Buildings</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_building_types" title="List of building types">types</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apartment" title="Apartment">Apartment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House" title="House">House</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_house_types" title="List of house types">types</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skyscraper" title="Skyscraper">Skyscraper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_block" title="Tower block">Tower block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa" title="Villa">Villa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brownfield_land" title="Brownfield land">Brownfield land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cemetery" title="Cemetery">Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Residential_cluster_development" title="Residential cluster development">Residential cluster development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction" title="Construction">Construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Context_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Context theory">Context theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eminent_domain" title="Eminent domain">Eminent domain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenfield_land" title="Greenfield land">Greenfield land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greyfield_land" title="Greyfield land">Greyfield land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groundscraper" title="Groundscraper">Groundscraper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land-use_planning" title="Land-use planning">Land-use planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_non-building_structure_types" title="List of non-building structure types">Nonbuilding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NIMBY" title="NIMBY">NIMBY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park" title="Park">Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parking" title="Parking">Parking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planning_permission" title="Planning permission">Planning permission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playground" title="Playground">Playground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redevelopment" title="Redevelopment">Redevelopment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_planning" title="Regional planning">Regional planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_design" title="Urban design">Urban design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_planning" title="Urban planning">Urban planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YIMBY" title="YIMBY">YIMBY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoning" title="Zoning">Zoning</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Big_single-family_home_2.jpg/16px-Big_single-family_home_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Big_single-family_home_2.jpg/24px-Big_single-family_home_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Big_single-family_home_2.jpg/32px-Big_single-family_home_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="604" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Housing" title="Portal:Housing">Housing portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/007966">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Port&oldid=1258464345#Seaport">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Port&oldid=1258464345#Seaport</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ports_and_harbours" title="Category:Ports and harbours">Ports and harbours</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nautical_terminology" title="Category:Nautical terminology">Nautical terminology</a></li><li><a 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