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<span>The Free Port</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Free_Port-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_hydrodynamic_plant" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_hydrodynamic_plant"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>The hydrodynamic plant</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_hydrodynamic_plant-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Porto_Vecchio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Porto_Vecchio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>The Porto Vecchio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Porto_Vecchio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Warehouse_26" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Warehouse_26"> <div 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href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trieste_Port" title="Trieste Port – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Trieste Port" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafen_Triest" title="Hafen Triest – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hafen Triest" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_de_Trieste" title="Puerto de Trieste – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Puerto de Trieste" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_de_Trieste" title="Port de Trieste – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Port de Trieste" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porto_di_Trieste" title="Porto di Trieste – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Porto di Trieste" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trieszti_kik%C3%B6t%C5%91" title="Trieszti kikötő – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Trieszti kikötő" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Port+of+Trieste%22">"Port of Trieste"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Port+of+Trieste%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Port+of+Trieste%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Port+of+Trieste%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Port+of+Trieste%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Port+of+Trieste%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Porttrieste_old.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Porttrieste_old.jpg/220px-Porttrieste_old.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Porttrieste_old.jpg/330px-Porttrieste_old.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Porttrieste_old.jpg/440px-Porttrieste_old.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="396" /></a><figcaption>The Porto Vecchio</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Torre_del_Lloyd,_front.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Torre_del_Lloyd%2C_front.jpg/220px-Torre_del_Lloyd%2C_front.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Torre_del_Lloyd%2C_front.jpg/330px-Torre_del_Lloyd%2C_front.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Torre_del_Lloyd%2C_front.jpg/440px-Torre_del_Lloyd%2C_front.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3865" data-file-height="2433" /></a><figcaption>Headquarters (Lloyd Tower)</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Free Port of Trieste</b> is a port in the <a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Sea" title="Adriatic Sea">Adriatic Sea</a> in <a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a>, Italy. It is the most important commercial port of Italy, with a trade volume of 62 million tonnes. </p><p>It is subdivided into five different Free Areas, three of which have been allotted to commercial activities. The remaining two, the Mineral Oils Free Area and the "<i>Canale di Zaule</i>" Free Area, are used for industrial activities. The port is articulated in various terminals, managed by private companies. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port_of_Trieste&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the period between the beginning of 1700 and 1850, <a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a> was mainly an emporium and was given the status of Free Port by <a href="/wiki/Charles_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor</a> in 1719. In 1740, when Empress <a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Theresa of Austria">Maria Theresa of Austria</a> took power, one of the first measures she adopted was to extend the borders of the Free Port area to the periphery of the town, thereby merging the emporium, the port, the new city and the old one. The Empress decided to extend the exemptions from customs duties to the whole city,<sup id="cite_ref-Museum_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Museum-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which attracted many people from different countries and all walks of life (<a href="/wiki/Italian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian people">Italians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbs" title="Serbs">Serbians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovenians" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovenians">Slovenians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croats" title="Croats">Croats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greeks</a>): for them a law was passed, the "Editto di tolleranza", which provided for the freedom of worship, the possibility to negotiate freely and to own goods. </p><p>In the 1770s and 1780s, the <a href="/wiki/Trieste_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Trieste Company">Trieste Company</a> (sometimes known as the "Austrian East India Company") attempted to connect directly the Habsburg Empire to the Indian and Chinese markets. </p><p>It appeared that it was necessary to enlarge the port infrastructure and the railway network. In 1857 the Südbahn (Southern) Railway line became operational along the northeastern route: <a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a>, <a href="/wiki/Postojna" title="Postojna">Postojna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Graz" title="Graz">Graz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, with further links to <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a>. The railway element was central in the design of the port structures. In <a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a> it was the Lagerhäuser system of Northern European ports that was used as a model. A French engineer, <a href="/wiki/Paulin_Talabot" title="Paulin Talabot">Paulin Talabot</a>, designed the project. 1868 marks the beginning of <a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a> as a commercial port whose infrastructures were to be developed in four different periods. To tackle the competition of Northern ports, which had been able to attract trade because of the lack of railway connections with Trieste, and to adjust to the needs of non-European maritime transport, which was to increase after the opening of the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal" title="Suez Canal">Suez Canal</a> in 1869 - with the consequent shortening of the distance separating Trieste from <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Bombay</a> by 7,500 miles - in 1868 the construction of the current <i>Porto Vecchio</i> (the Old Port, at the time called Porto Nuovo, the New Port) was started. The Northern part of the port was built between 1868 and 1883 together with the outer breakwater and other sea infrastructure. </p><p>On December 22, 1871, the new monthly service linking Trieste with <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Bombay</a> was established. In 1874 a contract was signed with the Südbahn for the development of the port and in 1879 the Magazzini Generali (the warehouses) were erected. In the same year the Pontebbana railway line was officially opened connecting <a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a>, <a href="/wiki/Udine" title="Udine">Udine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pontebba" title="Pontebba">Pontebba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Villach" title="Villach">Villach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salzburg" title="Salzburg">Salzburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>. </p><p>In 1891 the port became a free port and was separated from the rest of the town by an enclosure. The status of free port, which had been previously extended to the whole city, was now being limited to this area, while the city became physically separated from it. In the period between 1901 and 1914 the works began to enlarge the river area (the embankment), to build the Bersaglieri Wharf, the Scalo Legnami (the timber pier) and S. Andrea port (piers V and VI). The fourth period, between 1924 and 1936, is characterised by the realisation of major public works, which were to complete the sea infrastructures, the port equipment on piers V and VI, the Silo, the Stazione Marittima (the passenger station), and the Idroscalo (the air harbour). </p><p>After reconstructing the buildings damaged by the bombings of the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">Second World War</a>, an innovative port reorganisation was started in line with the needs of the containerisation and the new transport systems. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Free_Port">The Free Port</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port_of_Trieste&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: The Free Port"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under <a href="/wiki/Free_port" class="mw-redirect" title="Free port">free port</a> regulations goods reaching the port by land from <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> or the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">EU</a> are considered definitively exported, and goods of foreign origin arriving by land are considered foreign goods in transit. Goods arriving from abroad by sea may transit freely and be sent to their foreign destinations. By virtue of exclusive regulations on customs credits, customs duties on goods destined for import may be paid after 6 months at reduced annual interest rates. The port's special extra-customs status also allows commercial operations to be carried out on goods deposited under the foreign regimen. Repackaging, labelling, industrial processing etc. are also possible under the same terms. Besides being the responsibility of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070206222954/http://www.porto.trieste.it/custom/home.php?lingua=en">Port Authority</a> (a publicly run body) management of the port's warehouses is also conducted by many private companies - forwarding companies or port terminal operators - working in complete autonomy within the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070206222954/http://www.porto.trieste.it/custom/home.php?lingua=en">Port Authority</a> regulations. </p><p>The status of the Free Port Zones has remained a distinctive feature of the Port of Trieste throughout its history. Granted in 1719 by the <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_monarchy" title="Habsburg monarchy">Habsburg monarchy</a> and restricted in 1891, this special status has been confirmed by subsequent peace treaties, by the <a href="/wiki/European_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="European Community">European Community</a> and by the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Italy">Italian Parliament</a>. Most port land is subject to this rule and therefore lies outside the jurisdiction of European Union Customs. </p><p>Five Free Port Zones are defined as follows: </p> <ul><li>Old Free Zone</li> <li>New Free Zone</li> <li>Timber Terminal Free Zone</li> <li>Mineral Oil Free Zone</li> <li>Industrial Free Zone</li></ul> <p>The <i>Old Free Port</i>, the most ancient complex of facilities, was designed by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Talabot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Talabot (page does not exist)">Paul Talabot</a> and built between 1868 and 1883 according to a port and railway development plan aimed at consolidating the role of <a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a> as a trading centre for all territories under Austro-Hungarian rule. A modern multipurpose terminal, the <i>Adria Terminal</i>, has recently been created alongside the older installations. </p><p>The <i>New Free Port</i> is the result of a project begun in the early 20th century in response to the growth of trade with the Middle East and Far East created by the opening of the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal" title="Suez Canal">Suez Canal</a>. Completed to a large extent in the 1920s and 1930s, it has been further extended since the 1960s with the development of a container terminal at <a href="/wiki/Pier" title="Pier">Pier</a> 7 and a <a href="/wiki/Ro-ro" class="mw-redirect" title="Ro-ro">ro-ro</a>/<a href="/wiki/Ferry" title="Ferry">ferry</a> terminal at Riva Traiana. The remaining Free Zones include - in addition to the timber and oil terminals - part of the Zaule industrial canal, which serves the (EZIT) Industrial District, established after the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_hydrodynamic_plant">The hydrodynamic plant</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port_of_Trieste&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The hydrodynamic plant"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The hydrodynamic plant, built in 1890, is an important piece of industrial archaeology. Together with <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calcutta" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcutta">Calcutta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a> was one of the first ports in the world to be equipped with a hydrodynamic plant. </p><p>The building is located behind the pier and is characterised by a high brick smokestack and two square towers at the sides of the main facade. </p><p>The plant, which ceased to be used in 1983, took the water from the water system and supplied energy to the different points of consumption. It was, therefore, a centralised energy generator, which operated the quay cranes, the external cranes and the internal hoists of the port warehouses. </p><p>A series of two-flue <a href="/wiki/Lancashire_boiler#Lancashire_boiler" class="mw-redirect" title="Lancashire boiler">Lancashire boilers</a> with a 2.10m diameter and a 10m length, built by St. Jashka & Sohn from Vienna, produced steam with a pressure of 7 atmospheres. The steam was delivered to four main machines and an auxiliary one, all manufactured by Maschinenbau Aktien Gesellschaft vormals Breitfeld, Danek & Com. Prag-Karolinenthal. </p><p>The main machines had a higher motive part and a lower operating one. The motive part – a 25 horsepower (19 kW) <a href="/wiki/Steam_engine#Compound_engines" title="Steam engine">double expansion steam engine</a> – had a central high-pressure cylinder with a 450 mm diameter and two lateral low-pressure cylinders of 600 mm diameter. A system of crankshaft rods ensured the correct timing of the three cylinders. Hydraulic pressure was kept constant by means of <a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_accumulator" title="Hydraulic accumulator">hydraulic accumulators</a>. Two of them were located in the towers of the plant and one was situated in the tower near the port gates, in a more central position. </p><p>Pressurised water was distributed along the port main axis through a 6.8 km long system of cast-iron pipes, installed in underground passages that could be inspected. The main pipeline branched out into secondary pipes connected to the individual points of consumption. In the years between 1920 and 1939 the plant operated 83 quay cranes, 31 external cranes for the warehouses and 57 hoists. </p><p>The hydrodynamic plant - a rare example of machines that worked for more than a century - is located in a <a href="/wiki/Rundbogenstil" title="Rundbogenstil">Rundbogenstil</a> building, an architectural style that was a German version of Romanesque, very popular at the time. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Porto_Vecchio">The Porto Vecchio</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port_of_Trieste&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The Porto Vecchio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The link between city and port, tied together within a single process of urban and historical development, becomes evident in the Porto Vecchio area, with an architectural heritage of great historical and artistic value. Porto Vecchio, located in the heart of the city, covers an area of about 600,000 sq.m. and represents a jewel to be relaunched through the identification of new functions. </p><p>The "capannoni", the oldest buildings of the port, were erected after the model of the Lagerhäuser, a word which refers to those parts of a city that are used for goods handling and include warehouses for the storage and stocking of goods, from their arrival in port to their shipment and distribution. </p><p>The port system visually links <a href="/wiki/Miramare" class="mw-redirect" title="Miramare">Miramare</a> Castle, <a href="/wiki/Barcola" title="Barcola">Barcola</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Giusto_Castle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="San Giusto Castle (page does not exist)">San Giusto Castle</a> and follows three directions: a central one, connecting the port with the city, a second one, corresponding to the piers, and a third one, adjacent to the railway. </p><p>The classification of warehouses and hangars (initially 38 main bodies) comprises three groups of buildings: </p> <ul><li>one-storey above-ground buildings</li> <li>two or three-storey above-ground buildings, with cellars and garrets, with galleries that link the avant-corpses and are supported by cast-iron mullions</li> <li>four-storey above-ground buildings, with cellars, ground floors and four higher floors with galleries</li></ul> <p>The warehouses were initially equipped with cranes, elevators, hoists and other lifting equipment, which were used for goods loading and unloading and were hydraulically operated. The buildings of the first and second groups have a perron (a raised platform, about 1 meter high, used to perform loading and unloading operations with railway cars), while those of the third group, erected in more recent years (at the beginning of 1900), show entrance doors at ground level as well. </p><p>The architectural features of these monumental buildings lie in the vertical and horizontal lines along the facades, in the geometric definition of the basements, the doors, the windows and all the elements of the architectonic language of this complex. </p><p>Along the facade, the horizontal lines (the stringcourses, for instance) give the buildings a longitudinal appearance, while the vertical lines (pilaster strips and avant-corpses) create interruptions. Through the harmonisation of the lines, the structural elements take up an architectural character. The main body of the facades, from the base to the superstructure, shows unity and dimensional value. </p><p>At the time of the construction, decorating was achieved through the use of different finishing materials and the work of master decorators and stone-dressers. Cornices, modillions, capitals, basements, windowsills and avant-corpses made of different materials produce a suggestive effect, which is enhanced by the materials' natural colours creating a uniform chromatic impression. </p><p>Grey cast-iron mullions are a distinctive feature of hangars' ground floors. </p><p>Each building is an example of the technical architecture at the end of the 19th century, a period of transition for the construction principles and configuration of maritime structures, which were adjusting to a defensive function and to the new trend of equipment mechanisation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Warehouse_26">Warehouse 26</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port_of_Trieste&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Warehouse 26"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Warehouse 26, a monumental building, covers an area of 9,000 sq.m., with a face of about 244m, an underground floor used as a cellar, a ground floor, three higher floors and a garret. It was completed in 1893. </p><p>Because of the length of the building the design included two main stairs leading to the higher floors, seven elevators, eight lifts and two internal hatchways connected with the cellar. </p><p>The archivolt interrupts the monotonous shape of the windows, while the design of the main facade is consistent with the other buildings. </p><p>The turrets above the finishing cornices, the richly decorated mansards and the clock tower enhance the sumptuousness of this warehouse. </p><p>The rows of cast-iron mullions and the avant-corpses give the whole building an extraordinary perspective. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port_of_Trieste&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fincantieri" title="Fincantieri">Fincantieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italia_Marittima" title="Italia Marittima">Italia Marittima</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port_of_Trieste&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Museum-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Museum_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://museodelmaretrieste.it/en/civic-maritime-museum-in-trieste/">"Trieste and its port"</a>. <i>Maritime Museum Porto Vecchio Trieste</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Maritime+Museum+Porto+Vecchio+Trieste&rft.atitle=Trieste+and+its+port&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuseodelmaretrieste.it%2Fen%2Fcivic-maritime-museum-in-trieste%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APort+of+Trieste" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port_of_Trieste&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Port_of_Trieste" class="extiw" title="commons:Port of Trieste"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Port of Trieste</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070206222954/http://www.porto.trieste.it/custom/home.php?lingua=en">Official website</a> <span class="languageicon">(in English and Italian)</span></li></ul> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Port_of_Trieste&params=45.6589_N_13.7636_E_source:kolossus-itwiki"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°39′32″N</span> <span class="longitude">13°45′49″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45.6589°N 13.7636°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">45.6589; 13.7636</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Trieste" title="Template:Trieste"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Trieste" title="Template talk:Trieste"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Trieste" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Trieste"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Trieste205" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Trieste" title="Timeline of Trieste">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Trieste" title="History of the Jews in Trieste">Jewish community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Free_City_of_Trieste" title="Imperial Free City of Trieste">Imperial Free City of Trieste</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1849–1922)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_the_Province_of_Trieste" title="List of governors of the Province of Trieste">Governors</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1918–54)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Line" title="Morgan Line">Morgan Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Territory_of_Trieste" title="Free Territory of Trieste">Free Territory of Trieste</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1947–54)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Osimo" title="Treaty of Osimo">Treaty of Osimo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Trieste" title="Province of Trieste">Province of Trieste</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Free_Territory_of_Trieste_coat_of_arms.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of the Free Territory of Trieste"><img alt="Coat of arms of the Free Territory of Trieste" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Free_Territory_of_Trieste_coat_of_arms.svg/64px-Free_Territory_of_Trieste_coat_of_arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="64" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Free_Territory_of_Trieste_coat_of_arms.svg/96px-Free_Territory_of_Trieste_coat_of_arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Free_Territory_of_Trieste_coat_of_arms.svg/128px-Free_Territory_of_Trieste_coat_of_arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="490" data-file-height="675" /></a><figcaption>Coat of arms of the Free Territory of Trieste</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geography and<br />surrounding area</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Trieste" title="Gulf of Trieste">Gulf of Trieste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duino_Castle" title="Duino Castle">Duino Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grotta_Gigante" title="Grotta Gigante">Grotta Gigante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistiana" title="Sistiana">Sistiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val_Rosandra" class="mw-redirect" title="Val Rosandra">Val Rosandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altura,_Trieste" title="Altura, Trieste">Altura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rozzol" title="Rozzol">Rozzol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_Trieste" title="Category:Buildings and structures in Trieste">Buildings and landmarks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caff%C3%A8_San_Marco" title="Caffè San Marco">Caffè San Marco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kleines_Berlin" title="Kleines Berlin">Kleines Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miramare_Castle" title="Miramare Castle">Miramare Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piazza_Unit%C3%A0_d%27Italia" title="Piazza Unità d'Italia">Piazza Unità d'Italia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piazza_Venezia,_Trieste" title="Piazza Venezia, Trieste">Piazza Venezia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoia_Excelsior_Palace" title="Savoia Excelsior Palace">Savoia Excelsior Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trieste_Astronomical_Observatory" class="mw-redirect" title="Trieste Astronomical Observatory">Trieste Astronomical Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civico_Orto_Botanico_di_Trieste" title="Civico Orto Botanico di Trieste">Trieste Botanical Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trieste_Commodity_Exchange" title="Trieste Commodity Exchange">Trieste Commodity Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vittoria_Light" title="Vittoria Light">Victory Lighthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal_Grande_(Trieste)" title="Canal Grande (Trieste)">Canal Grande</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places of worship</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Catholic: <a href="/wiki/Trieste_Cathedral" title="Trieste Cathedral">Trieste Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Monte_Grisa" title="Temple of Monte Grisa">Temple of Monte Grisa</a></li> <li>Jewish: <a href="/wiki/Synagogue_of_Trieste" title="Synagogue of Trieste">Trieste Synagogue</a></li> <li>Serb Orthodox: <a href="/wiki/Saint_Spyridon_Church,_Trieste" title="Saint Spyridon Church, Trieste">St. Spyridon Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politeama_Rossetti" title="Politeama Rossetti">Politeama Rossetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risiera_di_San_Sabba" title="Risiera di San Sabba">Risiera di San Sabba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revoltella_Museum" title="Revoltella Museum">Revoltella Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museo_Sartorio" title="Museo Sartorio">Sartorio Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovene_theatre_in_Trieste" title="Slovene theatre in Trieste">Teatro Stabile Sloveno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teatro_Lirico_Giuseppe_Verdi" title="Teatro Lirico Giuseppe Verdi">Teatro Verdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trieste_Campo_Marzio_Railway_Museum" title="Trieste Campo Marzio Railway Museum">Trieste Campo Marzio Railway Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trieste_Film_Festival" title="Trieste Film Festival">Trieste Film Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civico_Museo_di_Storia_Naturale_di_Trieste" title="Civico Museo di Storia Naturale di Trieste">Trieste Natural History Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Local media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Newspapers: <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it"><a href="/wiki/Il_Piccolo" title="Il Piccolo">Il Piccolo</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Slovene-language text"><i lang="sl"><a href="/wiki/Primorski_dnevnik" title="Primorski dnevnik">Primorski dnevnik</a></i></span></li> <li>Radio: <a href="/wiki/Radio_Trst_A" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio Trst A">Radio Trst A</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education and research</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Trieste" title="University of Trieste">University of Trieste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIB_School_of_Management_Trieste" title="MIB School of Management Trieste">MIB School of Management Trieste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AREA_Science_Park" title="AREA Science Park">AREA Science Park</a> (<a href="/wiki/ELETTRA" title="ELETTRA">ELETTRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Centre_for_Genetic_Engineering_and_Biotechnology" title="International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology">ICGEB</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Centre_for_Theoretical_Physics" title="International Centre for Theoretical Physics">International Centre for Theoretical Physics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_School_for_Advanced_Studies" title="International School for Advanced Studies">International School for Advanced Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_World_Academy_of_Sciences" title="The World Academy of Sciences">The World Academy of Sciences</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Current: <a href="/wiki/Stadio_Nereo_Rocco" title="Stadio Nereo Rocco">Stadio Nereo Rocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PalaTrieste" title="PalaTrieste">PalaTrieste</a></li> <li>Former: <a href="/wiki/Stadio_Giuseppe_Grezar" title="Stadio Giuseppe Grezar">Stadio Littorio</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1932–92)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Port of Trieste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trieste_%E2%80%93_Friuli_Venezia_Giulia_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Trieste – Friuli Venezia Giulia Airport">Trieste Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trieste_Centrale_railway_station" title="Trieste Centrale railway station">Trieste Centrale railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miramare_railway_station" title="Miramare railway station">Miramare railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Opicina" class="mw-redirect" title="Villa Opicina">Villa Opicina railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trieste%E2%80%93Opicina_tramway" title="Trieste–Opicina tramway">Trieste–Opicina tramway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox391" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a 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