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<ul id="toc-Executive_Secretaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_relation_to_development_discourse_and_dependency_theory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_relation_to_development_discourse_and_dependency_theory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>In relation to development discourse and dependency theory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_relation_to_development_discourse_and_dependency_theory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet 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Available in 23 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A" title="مفوضية الأمم المتحدة الاقتصادية لأمريكا اللاتينية وجزر الكاريبي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مفوضية الأمم المتحدة الاقتصادية لأمريكا اللاتينية وجزر الكاريبي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lat%C4%B1n_Amerikas%C4%B1_%C4%B0qtisadi_Komissiyas%C4%B1" title="Latın Amerikası İqtisadi Komissiyası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Latın Amerikası İqtisadi Komissiyası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comissi%C3%B3_Econ%C3%B2mica_per_a_Am%C3%A8rica_Llatina_i_el_Carib" title="Comissió Econòmica per a Amèrica Llatina i el Carib – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Comissió Econòmica per a Amèrica Llatina i el Carib" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospod%C3%A1%C5%99sk%C3%A1_komise_pro_Latinskou_Ameriku_a_Karibik" title="Hospodářská komise pro Latinskou Ameriku a Karibik – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hospodářská komise pro Latinskou Ameriku a Karibik" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wirtschaftskommission_f%C3%BCr_Lateinamerika_und_die_Karibik" title="Wirtschaftskommission für Lateinamerika und die Karibik – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wirtschaftskommission für Lateinamerika und die Karibik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comisi%C3%B3n_Econ%C3%B3mica_para_Am%C3%A9rica_Latina_y_el_Caribe" title="Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekonomia_Komisiono_por_Latinameriko_kaj_Karibio" title="Ekonomia Komisiono por Latinameriko kaj Karibio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ekonomia Komisiono por Latinameriko kaj Karibio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latinoamerikarako_eta_Kariberako_Batzorde_Ekonomikoa" title="Latinoamerikarako eta Kariberako Batzorde Ekonomikoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Latinoamerikarako eta Kariberako Batzorde Ekonomikoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commission_%C3%A9conomique_pour_l%27Am%C3%A9rique_latine_et_les_Cara%C3%AFbes" title="Commission économique pour l'Amérique latine et les Caraïbes – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Commission économique pour l'Amérique latine et les Caraïbes" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EC%97%94_%EB%9D%BC%ED%8B%B4%EC%95%84%EB%A9%94%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4_%EC%B9%B4%EB%A6%AC%EB%B8%8C_%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C_%EC%9C%84%EC%9B%90%ED%9A%8C" title="유엔 라틴아메리카 카리브 경제 위원회 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="유엔 라틴아메리카 카리브 경제 위원회" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komisi_Ekonomi_Perserikatan_Bangsa-Bangsa_untuk_Amerika_Latin_dan_Karibia" title="Komisi Ekonomi Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa untuk Amerika Latin dan Karibia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Komisi Ekonomi Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa untuk Amerika Latin dan Karibia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commissione_economica_per_l%27America_Latina_e_i_Caraibi" title="Commissione economica per l'America Latina e i Caraibi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Commissione economica per l'America Latina e i Caraibi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economische_Commissie_voor_Latijns-Amerika_en_het_Caribisch_Gebied" title="Economische Commissie voor Latijns-Amerika en het Caribisch Gebied – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Economische Commissie voor Latijns-Amerika en het Caribisch Gebied" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%83%86%E3%83%B3%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AA%E3%83%96%E7%B5%8C%E6%B8%88%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E4%BC%9A" title="ラテンアメリカ・カリブ経済委員会 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ラテンアメリカ・カリブ経済委員会" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/FNs_%C3%B8konomikommisjon_for_Latin-Amerika_og_Karibia" title="FNs økonomikommisjon for Latin-Amerika og Karibia – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="FNs økonomikommisjon for Latin-Amerika og Karibia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komisja_Gospodarcza_Narod%C3%B3w_Zjednoczonych_ds._Ameryki_%C5%81aci%C5%84skiej_i_Karaib%C3%B3w" title="Komisja Gospodarcza Narodów Zjednoczonych ds. Ameryki Łacińskiej i Karaibów – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Komisja Gospodarcza Narodów Zjednoczonych ds. Ameryki Łacińskiej i Karaibów" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comiss%C3%A3o_Econ%C3%B4mica_para_a_Am%C3%A9rica_Latina_e_o_Caribe" title="Comissão Econômica para a América Latina e o Caribe – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Comissão Econômica para a América Latina e o Caribe" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Экономическая комиссия для Латинской Америки и Карибского бассейна – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Экономическая комиссия для Латинской Америки и Карибского бассейна" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospod%C3%A1rska_komisia_pre_Latinsk%C3%BA_Ameriku_a_Karibik" title="Hospodárska komisia pre Latinskú Ameriku a Karibik – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hospodárska komisia pre Latinskú Ameriku a Karibik" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%9E%D0%A3%D0%9D_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%83_%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5" title="Економска комисија ОУН за Латинску Америку и Карибе – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Економска комисија ОУН за Латинску Америку и Карибе" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/FN:s_ekonomiska_kommission_f%C3%B6r_Latinamerika_och_Karibien" title="FN:s ekonomiska kommission för Latinamerika och Karibien – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="FN:s ekonomiska kommission för Latinamerika och Karibien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_Amerika_%C3%9Clkeleri_Ekonomik_Komisyonu" title="Latin Amerika Ülkeleri Ekonomik Komisyonu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Latin Amerika Ülkeleri Ekonomik Komisyonu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E5%8A%A0%E5%8B%92%E6%AF%94%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="拉丁美洲和加勒比经济委员会 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="拉丁美洲和加勒比经济委员会" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q32874#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_Commission_for_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="View the content page [c]" 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">United Nations regional commission</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:United_Nations_Economic_Commission_for_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/United_Nations_Economic_Commission_for_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean_Logo.svg/120px-United_Nations_Economic_Commission_for_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/United_Nations_Economic_Commission_for_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean_Logo.svg/180px-United_Nations_Economic_Commission_for_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/United_Nations_Economic_Commission_for_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean_Logo.svg/240px-United_Nations_Economic_Commission_for_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="669" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">ECLAC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data note">1948<span class="noprint">; 76 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1948</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Primary Organ - Regional Branch</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Legal status</th><td class="infobox-data">Active</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Santiago,_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Santiago, Chile">Santiago, Chile</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Head</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Executive Secretary of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean</i> <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Manuel_Salazar-Xirinachs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="José Manuel Salazar-Xirinachs (page does not exist)">José Manuel Salazar-Xirinachs</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Parent organization</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Council" title="United Nations Economic and Social Council">United Nations Economic and Social Council</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cepal.org/en">English Version</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Economic_Commission_for_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean_Member_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Economic_Commission_for_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean_Member_States.svg/350px-Economic_Commission_for_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean_Member_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Economic_Commission_for_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean_Member_States.svg/525px-Economic_Commission_for_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean_Member_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Economic_Commission_for_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean_Member_States.svg/700px-Economic_Commission_for_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean_Member_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="263" /></a><figcaption>Map showing the member states of ECLAC</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean</b> (<b>UNECLAC</b>, <b>ECLAC</b> or <i><b>CEPAL</b></i><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is a <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Council#Regional_commissions" title="United Nations Economic and Social Council">regional commission</a> to encourage economic cooperation. ECLAC includes 46 member States (20 in <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a>, 13 in the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a> and 13 from outside the region), and 14 associate members which are various non-independent territories, associated island countries and a commonwealth in the Caribbean. ECLAC publishes statistics covering the countries of the region<sup id="cite_ref-cepalstat_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cepalstat-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and makes cooperative agreements with nonprofit institutions.<sup id="cite_ref-newsrelease1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newsrelease1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The headquarters of ECLAC is in <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Santiago de Chile">Santiago</a>, Chile. </p><p>ECLAC (or UNECLA) was established in 1948 as the UN Economic Commission for <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1984, a resolution was passed to include the countries of the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a> in the name.<sup id="cite_ref-official-history_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-official-history-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It reports to the <a href="/wiki/UN_Economic_and_Social_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Economic and Social Council">UN Economic and Social Council</a> (ECOSOC). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Member_States">Member States</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Nations_Economic_Commission_for_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Member States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following are all member States of ECLAC:<sup id="cite_ref-members_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-members-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><span data-sort-value="Antigua and Barbuda"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Argentina"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Bahamas"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">Bahamas</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Barbados"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Barbados.svg/23px-Flag_of_Barbados.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Barbados.svg/35px-Flag_of_Barbados.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Barbados.svg/45px-Flag_of_Barbados.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Belize"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Bolivia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/34px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="750" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia (Plurinational State of)</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Brazil"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Canada"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Chile"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Colombia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Costa Rica"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Cuba"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Dominica"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Dominica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Dominica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Dominica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Dominica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Dominica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Dominica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Dominican Republic"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Ecuador"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="960" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="El Salvador"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/23px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/35px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/46px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="567" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="France"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Germany"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Grenada"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/23px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/35px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/46px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Guatemala"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Guyana"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Haiti"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/23px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/35px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/46px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Honduras"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/23px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/35px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/46px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Italy"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Jamaica"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Japan"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Mexico"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Netherlands"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Nicaragua"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Norway"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Panama"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/23px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/35px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/45px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Paraguay"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/46px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="660" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Peru"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Portugal"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Saint Kitts and Nevis"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Saint Lucia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></span></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Korea">Republic of Korea</a></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Spain"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Suriname"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/23px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/35px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/45px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Turkey"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Trinidad and Tobago"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/23px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/35px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/46px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="United Kingdom"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="United States"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States of America</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Uruguay"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Venezuela"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/23px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/35px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/45px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of</a></span></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Associate_Members">Associate Members</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Nations_Economic_Commission_for_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Associate Members"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following are all associate members of ECLAC:<sup id="cite_ref-members_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-members-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><span data-sort-value="Anguilla"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Anguilla.svg/23px-Flag_of_Anguilla.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Anguilla.svg/35px-Flag_of_Anguilla.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Anguilla.svg/46px-Flag_of_Anguilla.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Aruba"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Aruba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Aruba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Aruba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Aruba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Aruba.svg/45px-Flag_of_Aruba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Bermuda"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bermuda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bermuda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bermuda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bermuda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bermuda.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bermuda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="British Virgin Islands"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Cayman Islands"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Curaçao"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_Cura%C3%A7ao.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cura%C3%A7ao.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_Cura%C3%A7ao.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cura%C3%A7ao.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_Cura%C3%A7ao.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cura%C3%A7ao.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Guadeloupe"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Martinique"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag-of-Martinique.svg/23px-Flag-of-Martinique.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag-of-Martinique.svg/35px-Flag-of-Martinique.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag-of-Martinique.svg/45px-Flag-of-Martinique.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Montserrat"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Montserrat.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montserrat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Montserrat.svg/35px-Flag_of_Montserrat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Montserrat.svg/46px-Flag_of_Montserrat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Puerto Rico"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/45px-Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Sint Maarten"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Sint_Maarten.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sint_Maarten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Sint_Maarten.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sint_Maarten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Sint_Maarten.svg/45px-Flag_of_Sint_Maarten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="675" data-file-height="450" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sint_Maarten" title="Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Turks and Caicos Islands"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></span></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Flag_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Flag_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Flag_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1275" data-file-height="850" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="United States Virgin Islands">United States Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><span data-sort-value="French Guiana"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a></span></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Locations">Locations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Nations_Economic_Commission_for_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Locations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edificio_de_la_CEPAL_en_Chile_-_Reflejos_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Edificio_de_la_CEPAL_en_Chile_-_Reflejos_02.jpg/220px-Edificio_de_la_CEPAL_en_Chile_-_Reflejos_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Edificio_de_la_CEPAL_en_Chile_-_Reflejos_02.jpg/330px-Edificio_de_la_CEPAL_en_Chile_-_Reflejos_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Edificio_de_la_CEPAL_en_Chile_-_Reflejos_02.jpg/440px-Edificio_de_la_CEPAL_en_Chile_-_Reflejos_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3070" data-file-height="1978" /></a><figcaption>ECLAC headquarters in Santiago</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Santiago de Chile">Santiago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> (headquarters)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_America" title="Central America">Central American</a> subregional headquarters)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Spain" title="Port of Spain">Port of Spain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a> (Caribbean subregional headquarters)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a>, <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> (country office)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bras%C3%ADlia" title="Brasília">Brasília</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> (country office)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montevideo" title="Montevideo">Montevideo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a> (country office)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1" title="Bogotá">Bogotá</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> (country office)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_DC" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington, DC">Washington, DC</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States of America</a> (liaison office)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Executive_Secretaries">Executive Secretaries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Nations_Economic_Commission_for_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Executive Secretaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Country</th> <th>Served </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Manuel_Salazar-Xirinachs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="José Manuel Salazar-Xirinachs (page does not exist)">José Manuel Salazar-Xirinachs</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="Costa Rica"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></span></td> <td>September 2022 – </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alicia_B%C3%A1rcena_Ibarra" class="mw-redirect" title="Alicia Bárcena Ibarra">Alicia Bárcena Ibarra</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="Mexico"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></span></td> <td>July 2008 – March 2022 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Machinea" title="José Luis Machinea">José Luis Machinea</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="Argentina"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></span></td> <td>December 2003 – June 2008 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_Ocampo" title="José Antonio Ocampo">José Antonio Ocampo</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="Colombia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></span></td> <td>January 1998 – August 2003 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gert_Rosenthal" title="Gert Rosenthal">Gert Rosenthal</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="Guatemala"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a></span></td> <td>January 1988 – December 1997 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norberto_Gonz%C3%A1lez_(diplomat)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norberto González (diplomat) (page does not exist)">Norberto González</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="Argentina"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></span></td> <td>March 1985 – December 1987 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Enrique_V._Iglesias" title="Enrique V. Iglesias">Enrique V. Iglesias</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="Uruguay"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a></span></td> <td>April 1972 – February 1985 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlos_Quintana_(diplomat)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carlos Quintana (diplomat) (page does not exist)">Carlos Quintana</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="Mexico"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></span></td> <td>January 1967 – March 1972 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_Mayobre" title="José Antonio Mayobre">José Antonio Mayobre</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="Venezuela"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/23px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/35px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/45px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a></span></td> <td>August 1963 – December 1966 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_Prebisch" title="Raúl Prebisch">Raúl Prebisch</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="Argentina"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></span></td> <td>May 1950 – July 1963 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Mart%C3%ADnez_Caba%C3%B1as" title="Gustavo Martínez Cabañas">Gustavo Martínez Cabañas</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="Mexico"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></span></td> <td>December 1948 – April 1950 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_relation_to_development_discourse_and_dependency_theory">In relation to development discourse and dependency theory</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Nations_Economic_Commission_for_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: In relation to development discourse and dependency theory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The formation of the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America was crucial to the beginning of "Big D development". Many economic scholars attribute the founding of ECLA and its policy implementation in Latin America for the subsequent debates on <a href="/wiki/Structuralist_economics" title="Structuralist economics">structuralism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dependency_theory" title="Dependency theory">dependency theory</a>. Although forming in the post-war period, the historic roots of ECLA trace back to political movement made long before the war had begun. </p><p>Before World War II, the perception of economic development in Latin America was formulated primarily from colonial ideology. This perception, combined with the <a href="/wiki/Monroe_Doctrine" title="Monroe Doctrine">Monroe Doctrine</a> that asserted the United States as the only foreign power that could intervene in Latin American affairs, led to substantial resentment in Latin America. In the eyes of those living in the continent, Latin America was considerably economically strong; most had livable wages and industry was relatively dynamic.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This concern of a need for economic restructuring was taken up by the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a> and manifested in a document drawn up by <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Bruce" title="Stanley Bruce">Stanley Bruce</a> and presented to the League in 1939. This in turn strongly influenced the creation of the United Nations Economic and Social Committee in 1944. Although it was a largely ineffective policy development initially, the formation of ECLA proved to have profound effects in Latin America in following decades. For example, by 1955, Peru was receiving $28.5 million in loans per ECLA request.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of these loans were utilized as means to finance foreign exchange costs, creating more jobs and heightening export trade. To investigate the extent to which this aid was supporting industrial development plans in Peru, ECLA was sent in to study its economic structure. In order to maintain stronghold over future developmental initiatives, ECLA and its branches continued providing financial support to Peru to assist in the country's general development.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The terms of trade at this time, set by the United States, introduced the concept of "<a href="/wiki/Unequal_exchange" title="Unequal exchange">unequal exchange</a>" in that the so-called "North" mandated prices that allowed them a greater return on its own resources than that of the "South's". Thus, although the export sector had grown during this time, certain significant economic and social issues continued to threaten this period of so-called stability. Although real income was on the rise, its distribution was still very uneven. Social problems were still overwhelmingly prevalent; large portions of the population were unnourished and without homes, and the education and health system were inept.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Nations_Economic_Commission_for_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_the_Economic_Commission_for_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="Library of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean">Library of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_System" title="United Nations System">United Nations System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ELAC_Action_Plans" title="ELAC Action Plans">eLAC</a> eLAC2007, eLAC2010 and eLAC2015: Strategies for the Information Society in Latin America and the Caribbean</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Caribbean_States" title="Association of Caribbean States">Association of Caribbean States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Latin_American_and_Caribbean_States" title="Community of Latin American and Caribbean States">Community of Latin American and Caribbean States</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Nations_Economic_Commission_for_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe</i>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Nations_Economic_Commission_for_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cepal.org/en/news/united-nations-secretary-general-appoints-mr-jose-manuel-salazar-xirinachs-costa-rica-executive">"United Nations Secretary-General appoints Mr. José Manuel Salazar-Xirinachs of Costa Rica as Executive Secretary of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean"</a>. <i>un.org</i>. 1 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=un.org&rft.atitle=United+Nations+Secretary-General+appoints+Mr.+Jos%C3%A9+Manuel+Salazar-Xirinachs+of+Costa+Rica+as+Executive+Secretary+of+the+Economic+Commission+for+Latin+America+and+the+Caribbean&rft.date=2022-09-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cepal.org%2Fen%2Fnews%2Funited-nations-secretary-general-appoints-mr-jose-manuel-salazar-xirinachs-costa-rica-executive&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Nations+Economic+Commission+for+Latin+America+and+the+Caribbean" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cepalstat-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cepalstat_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eclac.org/estadisticas/default.asp?idioma=IN">CEPALSTAT</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120519021707/http://www.eclac.org/estadisticas/default.asp?idioma=IN">Archived</a> May 19, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> page at official ECLAC site</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-newsrelease1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-newsrelease1_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eclac.org/cgi-bin/getProd.asp?xml=/prensa/noticias/comunicados/6/47586/P47586.xml&xsl=/prensa/tpl-i/p6f.xsl&base=/tpl-i/top-bottom.xsl">ECLAC signed a cooperation agreement to promote science and technology in the region</a> (with Brazilian Center for Strategic Studies and Management) at ECLAC.org</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCypherDietz2009" class="citation book cs1">Cypher, James M.; Dietz, James L. (2009). <i>The process of economic development</i>. London & New York: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-77103-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-77103-0"><bdi>978-0-415-77103-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+process+of+economic+development&rft.pub=London+%26+New+York%3A+Routledge&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-415-77103-0&rft.aulast=Cypher&rft.aufirst=James+M.&rft.au=Dietz%2C+James+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Nations+Economic+Commission+for+Latin+America+and+the+Caribbean" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFajardo2023" class="citation journal cs1">Fajardo, Margarita (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/ahr/rhad226">"CEPAL, the "International Monetary Fund of the Left"?"</a>. <i>The American Historical Review</i>. <b>128</b> (2): 588–615. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fahr%2Frhad226">10.1093/ahr/rhad226</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0002-8762">0002-8762</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=CEPAL%2C+the+%22International+Monetary+Fund+of+the+Left%22%3F&rft.volume=128&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=588-615&rft.date=2023&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fahr%2Frhad226&rft.issn=0002-8762&rft.aulast=Fajardo&rft.aufirst=Margarita&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%2Fahr%2Frhad226&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Nations+Economic+Commission+for+Latin+America+and+the+Caribbean" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-official-history-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-official-history_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eclac.cl/cgi-bin/getprod.asp?xml=/noticias/paginas/4/43024/P43024.xml">ABOUT ECLAC</a> at official ECLAC site</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-members-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-members_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-members_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEconomic_Commission_for_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbeann.d." class="citation web cs1">Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (n.d.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cepal.org/sites/default/files/pages/files/fecha_de_incorporacion_de_los_estados_miembros_de_la_cepal_eng_0.pdf">"Date of Admission of Member States (46) and Associate Members (13) of ECLAC"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean</i>. United Nations<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Economic+Commission+for+Latin+America+and+the+Caribbean&rft.atitle=Date+of+Admission+of+Member+States+%2846%29+and+Associate+Members+%2813%29+of+ECLAC&rft.au=Economic+Commission+for+Latin+America+and+the+Caribbean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cepal.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fpages%2Ffiles%2Ffecha_de_incorporacion_de_los_estados_miembros_de_la_cepal_eng_0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Nations+Economic+Commission+for+Latin+America+and+the+Caribbean" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVandendries1967" class="citation book cs1">Vandendries, Rene (1967). <i>Foreign Trade and the Economic Development of Peru</i>. Iowa State University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Foreign+Trade+and+the+Economic+Development+of+Peru&rft.pub=Iowa+State+University&rft.date=1967&rft.aulast=Vandendries&rft.aufirst=Rene&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Nations+Economic+Commission+for+Latin+America+and+the+Caribbean" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKofas1996" class="citation book cs1">Kofas, Jon (1996). <i>Foreign Debt and Underdevelopment: U.S.-Peru Economic Relations, 1930-1970</i>. Lanham: U of America.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Foreign+Debt+and+Underdevelopment%3A+U.S.-Peru+Economic+Relations%2C+1930-1970&rft.pub=Lanham%3A+U+of+America&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Kofas&rft.aufirst=Jon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Nations+Economic+Commission+for+Latin+America+and+the+Caribbean" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Nations_Economic_Commission_for_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Paul Berthoud, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.edinter.net/paulberthoud/narrative">A Professional Life Narrative</a>, 2008, worked with CEPAL-ECLAC and offers testimony from the inside of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.edinter.net/paulberthoud/narrative/#lat">early years</a> of the organization.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJosé_Briceño_Ruiz,_María_Liliana_Quintero_Rizzuto_and_Dyanna_de_Benítez2013" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">José Briceño Ruiz, María Liliana Quintero Rizzuto and Dyanna de Benítez (June 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/handle/10915/35026">"The ECLAC's structuralist thinking on development and Latin American integration: reflections on the contemporary relevance"</a>. <i>Aportes para la Integración Latinoamericana</i> (in Spanish). <b>XIX</b> (28): 1–324. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1667-8613">1667-8613</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aportes+para+la+Integraci%C3%B3n+Latinoamericana&rft.atitle=The+ECLAC%27s+structuralist+thinking+on+development+and+Latin+American+integration%3A+reflections+on+the+contemporary+relevance&rft.volume=XIX&rft.issue=28&rft.pages=1-324&rft.date=2013-06&rft.issn=1667-8613&rft.au=Jos%C3%A9+Brice%C3%B1o+Ruiz%2C+Mar%C3%ADa+Liliana+Quintero+Rizzuto+and+Dyanna+de+Ben%C3%ADtez&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsedici.unlp.edu.ar%2Fhandle%2F10915%2F35026&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+Nations+Economic+Commission+for+Latin+America+and+the+Caribbean" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a 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Council">United Nations Economic and Social Council</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Membership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Council" title="List of members of the United Nations Economic and Social Council">List of members of the United Nations Economic and Social Council</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Functional<br />commissions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_on_Crime_Prevention_and_Criminal_Justice" title="United Nations Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice">United Nations Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice</a> (CCPCJ)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_on_Narcotic_Drugs" title="United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs">United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs</a> (CND)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_on_Population_and_Development" title="United Nations Commission on Population and Development"> United Nations Commission on Population and Development</a> (CPD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_on_Science_and_Technology_for_Development" title="United Nations Commission on Science and Technology for Development">United Nations Commission on Science and Technology for Development</a> (CSTD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_for_Social_Development" title="United Nations Commission for Social Development">United Nations Commission for Social Development</a> (CSocD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Statistical_Commission" title="United Nations Statistical Commission">United Nations Statistical Commission</a> (StatCom)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_on_the_Status_of_Women" title="United Nations Commission on the Status of Women">United Nations Commission on the Status of Women</a> (CSW)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Forum_on_Forests" title="United Nations Forum on Forests">United Nations Forum on Forests</a> (UNFF)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;">Regional commissions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_Commission_for_Europe" title="United Nations Economic Commission for Europe">Europe</a> (ECE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_Commission_for_Africa" title="United Nations Economic Commission for Africa">Africa</a> (ECA)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Latin America and the Caribbean</a> (ECLAC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Commission_for_Asia_and_the_Pacific" title="United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific">Asia and the Pacific</a> (ESCAP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Commission_for_Western_Asia" title="United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia">Western Asia</a> (ESCWA)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nations" title="List of specialized agencies of the United Nations">Specialised agencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization" title="Food and Agriculture Organization">Food and Agriculture Organization</a> (FAO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Civil_Aviation_Organization" title="International Civil Aviation Organization">International Civil Aviation Organization</a> (ICAO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Fund_for_Agricultural_Development" title="International Fund for Agricultural Development">International Fund for Agricultural Development</a> (IFAD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Labour_Organization" title="International Labour Organization">International Labour Organization</a> (ILO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a> (IMF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Maritime_Organization" title="International Maritime Organization">International Maritime Organization</a> (IMO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Telecommunication_Union" title="International Telecommunication Union">International Telecommunication Union</a> (ITU)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization</a> (UNESCO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Industrial_Development_Organization" title="United Nations Industrial Development Organization">United Nations Industrial Development Organization</a> (UNIDO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_Tourism" title="UN Tourism">UN Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Postal_Union" title="Universal Postal Union">Universal Postal Union</a> (UPU)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (WHO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Intellectual_Property_Organization" title="World Intellectual Property Organization">World Intellectual Property Organization</a> (WIPO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Meteorological_Organization" title="World Meteorological Organization">World Meteorological Organization</a> (WMO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Bank_Group" title="World Bank Group">World Bank Group</a> (WBG)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Funds and<br />Programmes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme" title="United Nations Development Programme">United Nations Development Programme</a> (UNDP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Environment_Programme" title="United Nations Environment Programme">United Nations Environment Programme</a> (UNEP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Population_Fund" title="United Nations Population Fund">United Nations Population Fund</a> (UNFPA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Settlements_Programme" title="United Nations Human Settlements Programme">United Nations Human Settlements Programme</a> (UN-Habitat)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">United Nations Children's Fund</a> (UNICEF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Food_Programme" title="World Food Programme">World Food Programme</a> (WFP)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/World_Bank_Group" title="World Bank Group">World Bank Group</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Bank_for_Reconstruction_and_Development" title="International Bank for Reconstruction and Development">International Bank for Reconstruction and Development</a> (IBRD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Centre_for_Settlement_of_Investment_Disputes" title="International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes">International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes</a> (ICSID)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Development_Association" title="International Development Association">International Development Association</a> (IDA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Finance_Corporation" title="International Finance Corporation">International Finance Corporation</a> (IFC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multilateral_Investment_Guarantee_Agency" title="Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency">Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency</a> (MIGA)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Expert bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Development_Policy" title="Committee for Development Policy">Committee for Development Policy</a> (CDP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Committee_of_Experts_on_Public_Administration" title="United Nations Committee of Experts on Public Administration">Committee of Experts on Public Administration</a> (CEPA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Economic,_Social_and_Cultural_Rights" title="Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights">Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights</a> (CESCR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Committee_of_Experts_on_Global_Geospatial_Information_Management" title="United Nations Committee of Experts on Global Geospatial Information Management">Committee of Experts on Global Geospatial Information Management</a> (GGIM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_Working_Group_of_Experts_on_International_Standards_of_Accounting_and_Reporting" title="Intergovernmental Working Group of Experts on International Standards of Accounting and Reporting">Intergovernmental Working Group of Experts on International <br /> Standards of Accounting and Reporting</a> (ISAR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Group_of_Experts_on_Geographical_Names" title="United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names">Group of Experts on Geographical Names</a> (UNGEGN)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Permanent_Forum_on_Indigenous_Issues" title="United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues">United Nations Permanent Forum on <br /> Indigenous Issues</a> (UNPFII)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Nations_Committee_of_Experts_on_International_Cooperation_in_Tax_Matters&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United Nations Committee of Experts on International Cooperation in Tax Matters (page does not exist)">Committee of Experts on International Cooperation in Tax Matters</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Nations_Committee_of_Experts_on_the_Transport_of_Dangerous_Goods_and_on_the_Globally_Harmonized_System_of_Classification_and_Labelling_of_Chemicals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United Nations Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods and on the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (page does not exist)">Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous <br /> Goods and on the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Committee_on_Non-Governmental_Organizations" title="United Nations Committee on Non-Governmental Organizations">Committee on Non-Governmental Organizations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Research and<br />training</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Interregional_Crime_and_Justice_Research_Institute" title="United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute">United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute</a> (UNICRI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Institute_for_Disarmament_Research" title="United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research">United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research</a> (UNIDIR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Institute_for_Training_and_Research" title="United Nations Institute for Training and Research">United Nations Institute for Training and Research</a> (UNITAR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Research_Institute_for_Social_Development" title="United Nations Research Institute for Social Development">United Nations Research Institute for Social Development</a> (UNRISD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_System_Staff_College" title="United Nations System Staff College">United Nations System Staff College</a> (UNSSC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_University" title="United Nations University">United Nations University</a> (UNU)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High-level_Political_Forum_on_Sustainable_Development" title="High-level Political Forum on Sustainable Development">High-level Political Forum on Sustainable Development</a> (HLPF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Trade_Centre" title="International Trade Centre">International Trade Centre</a> (ITC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_United_Nations_Programme_on_HIV/AIDS" title="Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS">Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS</a> (UNAIDS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Conference_on_Trade_and_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Conference on Trade and Development">United Nations Conference on Trade and Development</a> (UNCTAD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Sustainable_Development_Group" title="United Nations Sustainable Development Group">United Nations Sustainable Development Group</a> (UNSDG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees</a> (UNHCR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund</a> (UNICEF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_Project_Services" title="United Nations Office for Project Services">United Nations Office for Project Services</a> (UNOPS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNRWA" title="UNRWA">United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East</a> (UNRWA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_Women" title="UN Women">United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women</a> (UN-Women)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Disbanded entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commission_on_Sustainable_Development" title="Commission on Sustainable Development">Functional Commission on Sustainable Development </a> (CSD - Replaced in 2013 by <a href="/wiki/High-level_Political_Forum_on_Sustainable_Development" title="High-level Political Forum on Sustainable Development">UNHLPF</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_on_Human_Rights" title="United Nations Commission on Human Rights"> Functional Commission on Human Rights</a> (UNCHR - Replaced in 2006 by <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Rights_Council" title="United Nations Human Rights Council">UNHRC</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Refugee_Organization" title="International Refugee Organization">International Refugee Organization</a> (IRO - Replaced in 1952 by <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">UNHCR</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Council" title="Category:United Nations Economic and Social Council">Category</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/42px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Americas_topic" title="Template:Americas topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Americas_topic" title="Template talk:Americas topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Americas_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Americas topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Economy_of_the_Americas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Economy of the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_in_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereign states in the Americas">Sovereign<br />states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Economy of Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Argentina" title="Economy of Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Bahamas" title="Economy of the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Barbados" title="Economy of Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Belize" title="Economy of Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Bolivia" title="Economy of Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Brazil" title="Economy of Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Canada" title="Economy of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Chile" title="Economy of Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Colombia" title="Economy of Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Costa_Rica" title="Economy of Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Cuba" title="Economy of Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Dominica" title="Economy of Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Economy of the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Ecuador" title="Economy of Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_El_Salvador" title="Economy of El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Grenada" title="Economy of Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Guatemala" title="Economy of Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Guyana" title="Economy of Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Haiti" title="Economy of Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Honduras" title="Economy of Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Jamaica" title="Economy of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Mexico" title="Economy of Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Nicaragua" title="Economy of Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Panama" title="Economy of Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Paraguay" title="Economy of Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Peru" title="Economy of Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Economy of Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Saint_Lucia" title="Economy of Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Economy of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Suriname" title="Economy of Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Economy of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_States" title="Economy of the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Uruguay" title="Economy of Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Venezuela" title="Economy of Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/200px-Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Territory" title="Territory">territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Anguilla" title="Economy of Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Aruba" title="Economy of Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Bermuda" title="Economy of Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Bonaire" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Bonaire">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands" title="Economy of the British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Cayman_Islands" title="Economy of the Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Economy of Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Falkland_Islands" title="Economy of the Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_French_Guiana" title="Economy of French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Greenland" title="Economy of Greenland">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Guadeloupe" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Martinique" title="Economy of Martinique">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Montserrat" title="Economy of Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Economy of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Saba_(island)" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Saba (island)">Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of the Collectivity of Saint Martin">Saint Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Sint_Eustatius" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Sint_Maarten" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of the Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="Economy of the United States Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_North_America" title="Economy of North America">North America</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Central_America" title="Economy of Central America">Central America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Caribbean" title="Economy of the Caribbean">Caribbean</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Latin_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Latin America">Latin America</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_South_America" title="Economy of South America">South America</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pan-Americanism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pan-Americanism" title="Template:Pan-Americanism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pan-Americanism" title="Template talk:Pan-Americanism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pan-Americanism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pan-Americanism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pan-Americanism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pan-Americanism" title="Pan-Americanism">Pan-Americanism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_American_wars_of_independence" title="Spanish American wars of independence">Spanish American wars of independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decolonization_of_the_Americas" title="Decolonization of the Americas">Decolonization of the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_integration" title="Latin American integration">Latin American integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_integration" title="North American integration">North American integration</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Patria_Grande" title="Patria Grande">Patria Grande</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sim%C3%B3n_Bol%C3%ADvar" title="Simón Bolívar">Simón Bolívar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_San_Mart%C3%ADn" title="José de San Martín">José de San Martín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucas_Alam%C3%A1n" title="Lucas Alamán">Lucas Alamán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-American_Commission_of_Women" title="Inter-American Commission of Women">Inter-American Commission of Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_involvement_in_regime_change_in_Latin_America" title="United States involvement in regime change in Latin America">United States involvement in regime change in Latin America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Cooperation_Treaty_Organization" title="Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization">Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization (ACTO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andean_Community" title="Andean Community">Andean Community (CAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Caribbean_States" title="Association of Caribbean States">Association of Caribbean States (ACS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALBA" title="ALBA">Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas (ALBA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Community" title="Caribbean Community">Caribbean Community (CARICOM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_American_Integration_System" title="Central American Integration System">Central American Integration System (SICA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Latin_American_and_Caribbean_States" title="Community of Latin American and Caribbean States">Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contadora_group" title="Contadora group">Contadora group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contadora_support_group" title="Contadora support group">Contadora support group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forum_for_the_Progress_and_Integration_of_South_America" title="Forum for the Progress and Integration of South America">Forum for the Progress and Integration of South America (PROSUR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_Economic_System" title="Latin American Economic System">Latin American Economic System (SELA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_Integration_Association" title="Latin American Integration Association">Latin American Integration Association (ALADI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lima_Group" title="Lima Group">Lima Group (LG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercosur" title="Mercosur">Mercosur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_American_States" title="Organization of American States">Organization of American States (OAS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Eastern_Caribbean_States" title="Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States">Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Ibero-American_States" title="Organization of Ibero-American States">Organization of Ibero-American States (OEI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Alliance" title="Pacific Alliance">Pacific Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrocaribe" title="Petrocaribe">Petrocaribe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Group" title="Rio Group">Rio Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_American_Nations" title="Union of South American Nations">Union of South American Nations (UNASUR)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC, CEPAL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Pirate_Party" title="United States Pirate Party">United States Pirate Party (USPP)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Projects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andean_passport" title="Andean passport">Andean passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CARICOM_passport" title="CARICOM passport">CARICOM passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CARICOM_Single_Market_and_Economy" title="CARICOM Single Market and Economy">CARICOM Single Market and Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CARIPASS" title="CARIPASS">CARIPASS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_America-4_Border_Control_Agreement" title="Central America-4 Border Control Agreement">Central America-4 Border Control Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_America-4_passport" title="Central America-4 passport">Central America-4 passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Caribbean_Currency_Union" title="Eastern Caribbean Currency Union">Eastern Caribbean Currency Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Initiative_for_the_Integration_of_the_Regional_Infrastructure_of_South_America" title="Initiative for the Integration of the Regional Infrastructure of South America">Initiative for the Integration of the Regional Infrastructure of South America (IIRSA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interoceanic_Highway" title="Interoceanic Highway">Interoceanic Highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SUCRE" title="SUCRE">SUCRE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andean_Parliament" title="Andean Parliament">Andean Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_the_South" title="Bank of the South">Bank of the South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Court_of_Justice" title="Caribbean Court of Justice">Caribbean Court of Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Development_Bank" title="Caribbean Development Bank">Caribbean Development Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_American_Parliament" title="Central American Parliament">Central American Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAF_%E2%80%93_Development_Bank_of_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="CAF – Development Bank of Latin America and the Caribbean">Development Bank of Latin America and the Caribbean (CAF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-American_Development_Bank" title="Inter-American Development Bank">Inter-American Development Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_Parliament" title="Latin American Parliament">Latin American Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercosur_Parliament" title="Mercosur Parliament">Mercosur Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_American_Parliament" title="South American Parliament">South American Parliament</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Free_trade_area" title="Free trade area">Free trade areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Free_Trade_Association" title="Caribbean Free Trade Association">Caribbean Free Trade Association (CARIFTA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CARIFORUM" title="CARIFORUM">CARIFORUM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic%E2%80%93Central_America_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="Dominican Republic–Central America Free Trade Agreement">Dominican Republic–Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Partnership_Agreements" title="Economic Partnership Agreements">Economic Partnership Agreements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Trade_Area_of_the_Americas" title="Free Trade Area of the Americas">Free Trade Area of the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G3_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="G3 Free Trade Agreement">G3 Free Trade Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Mexico%E2%80%93Canada_Agreement" title="United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement">United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pan_American_Games" title="Pan American Games">Pan American Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Americanism#Congresses_and_conferences" title="Pan-Americanism">Pan-American Congress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32874#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32874#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32874#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121063420">ISNI</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000404389199">2</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000404040640">3</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/123928854">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/45111-3">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n84098529">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11879908j">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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