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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Postconflict Reconstruction</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">689 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Postconflict Reconstruction</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Reconstruction">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Reconstruction/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Reconstruction/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Reconstruction/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Postconflict_Reconstruction">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35612563" data-work_id="35612563" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35612563/Beyond_Statist_Paradigms_Sociospatial_Positionality_and_Diaspora_Mobilization_in_International_Relations">Beyond Statist Paradigms: Sociospatial Positionality and Diaspora Mobilization in International Relations</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article presents a new positional perspective for the analysis of dia-spora mobilization in international relations (IR), seeking to shift debates beyond realist, liberalist, and constructivist thinking, and speaking to a cluster of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35612563" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article presents a new positional perspective for the analysis of dia-spora mobilization in international relations (IR), seeking to shift debates beyond realist, liberalist, and constructivist thinking, and speaking to a cluster of sociopositional theories in IR. It provides a conceptual discussion and empirical illustrations of diaspora positionality—the power diaspora activists derive from their sociospatial positions in particular contexts—and its utility to account for different mobilization trajectories. Positionality as a sociospatial concept offers opportunities to analyze diaspora politics beyond statist paradigms, dominated by analyses of triadic relationships between diasporas, host states (immigration states), and home states (sending states). Diasporas have links to many contexts beyond host states and original home states. Such linkages structure their relationships globally. If diaspora entrepreneurs perceive themselves as deriving strong powers to achieve homeland-oriented goals from a particular sociospatial context, they are more likely to pursue claims through institutional politics and moderate means. If they perceive themselves as deriving weak powers from a context, they are more likely to engage with activist networks and pursue claims in transgressive ways. The conceptual discussion engages aspects of diaspora positionality in juxtaposition with other spatial concepts such as geographical proxim-ity/distance and position in a social network. The empirical discussion brings patterns of mobilization trajectories from the Armenian diaspora mobilization for genocide recognition and the Palestinian diaspora mobilization for statehood, informed by a rich multisited fieldwork. Acknowledgments: I would like to express gratitude to the European Research Council for its sponsorship of the research conducted for this article with grant 284198. I also would like to thank colleagues who gave helpful feedback of earlier drafts or during my presentations at the International Studies Association, Warwick University,</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35612563" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7443e82e261ba66edac2c8010e19e783" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55480473,"asset_id":35612563,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55480473/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5NTAxMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2516067" href="https://warwick.academia.edu/MariaKoinova">Maria Koinova</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2516067" type="text/json">{"id":2516067,"first_name":"Maria","last_name":"Koinova","domain_name":"warwick","page_name":"MariaKoinova","display_name":"Maria Koinova","profile_url":"https://warwick.academia.edu/MariaKoinova?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2516067/784763/19578963/s65_maria.koinova.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35612563 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35612563"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35612563, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35612563", }); 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It provides a conceptual discussion and empirical illustrations of diaspora positionality—the power diaspora activists derive from their sociospatial positions in particular contexts—and its utility to account for different mobilization trajectories. Positionality as a sociospatial concept offers opportunities to analyze diaspora politics beyond statist paradigms, dominated by analyses of triadic relationships between diasporas, host states (immigration states), and home states (sending states). Diasporas have links to many contexts beyond host states and original home states. Such linkages structure their relationships globally. If diaspora entrepreneurs perceive themselves as deriving strong powers to achieve homeland-oriented goals from a particular sociospatial context, they are more likely to pursue claims through institutional politics and moderate means. If they perceive themselves as deriving weak powers from a context, they are more likely to engage with activist networks and pursue claims in transgressive ways. The conceptual discussion engages aspects of diaspora positionality in juxtaposition with other spatial concepts such as geographical proxim-ity/distance and position in a social network. The empirical discussion brings patterns of mobilization trajectories from the Armenian diaspora mobilization for genocide recognition and the Palestinian diaspora mobilization for statehood, informed by a rich multisited fieldwork. Acknowledgments: I would like to express gratitude to the European Research Council for its sponsorship of the research conducted for this article with grant 284198. I also would like to thank colleagues who gave helpful feedback of earlier drafts or during my presentations at the International Studies Association, Warwick University,","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55480473,"asset_id":35612563,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2516067,"first_name":"Maria","last_name":"Koinova","domain_name":"warwick","page_name":"MariaKoinova","display_name":"Maria Koinova","profile_url":"https://warwick.academia.edu/MariaKoinova?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2516067/784763/19578963/s65_maria.koinova.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":1198,"name":"Peace and Conflict Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_and_Conflict_Studies?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":1707,"name":"Armenian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Armenian_Studies?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":2937,"name":"Diasporas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diasporas?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":3972,"name":"Genocide Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genocide_Studies?f_ri=474467"},{"id":27434,"name":"Socio-spatial Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socio-spatial_Theory?f_ri=474467"},{"id":56519,"name":"Areas of Limited Statehood","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Areas_of_Limited_Statehood?f_ri=474467"},{"id":61702,"name":"Palestinian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palestinian_Studies?f_ri=474467"},{"id":218974,"name":"Positionality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Positionality?f_ri=474467"},{"id":474467,"name":"Postconflict Reconstruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Reconstruction?f_ri=474467"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35761351" data-work_id="35761351" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35761351/Radical_Protest_on_a_University_Campus_Performances_of_Transition_in_Colombia">Radical Protest on a University Campus: Performances of Transition in Colombia.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35761351" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="44d832503388fe6e27278d495f8fc509" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60217385,"asset_id":35761351,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60217385/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5NTAxMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="460690" href="https://yale.academia.edu/CarloTognato">Carlo Tognato</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="460690" type="text/json">{"id":460690,"first_name":"Carlo","last_name":"Tognato","domain_name":"yale","page_name":"CarloTognato","display_name":"Carlo Tognato","profile_url":"https://yale.academia.edu/CarloTognato?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/460690/151836/65249482/s65_carlo.tognato.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35761351 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35761351"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35761351, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35761351", }); 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El caso de la barriada del Tercio y el Terol</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Otras voces, otros ámbitos": Los sujetos y su entorno. Nuevas perspectivas de la historia sociocultural. Transformaciones sociales, políticas y culturales en el mundo urbano contemporáneo. V. Bellver Loizaga, F. d'Amaro, I. Molina Puertos... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12361638" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Otras voces, otros ámbitos": Los sujetos y su entorno. Nuevas perspectivas de la historia sociocultural. Transformaciones sociales, políticas y culturales en el mundo urbano contemporáneo. V. Bellver Loizaga, F. d'Amaro, I. Molina Puertos y J. Ramos Tolosa. Su diagnóstico de errores se resumía en tres defectos fundamentales presentes y reconocibles en estos barrios: especulación, la suciedad y la insolidaridad. El carácter rebelde de aquellos espacios tendría que ver, a su juicio, con el hecho de haber relegado a las clases humildes fuera de la ciudad a enclaves carentes de orden y servicios, "en la anarquía más completa, sin posibilidad de sentirse incorporados a la misión colectiva de la ciudad". Favorecía igualmente este perfil subversivo una "anarquía moral" atribuida a la falta de una organización que socorriese sus necesidades y agravada por la carencia de iglesias, plazas de reunión, mercados, escuelas, centros sanitarios o lugares de esparcimiento. Hacía ya largo tiempo que aquellos incontrolables brotes urbanos empañaban la imagen de la capital y entrañaban un grave trastorno para los gestores de la ciudad. Demasiado tiempo. 5 Ciertamente el análisis del autor carecía de originalidad. En él resonaban interpretaciones previas a la guerra y no pocos especialistas y profanos se expresaban en términos semejantes en aquellos momentos de inmediata posguerra. Todos proferían torrentes de palabras vejatorias sobre el extrarradio proyectando un tupido collage de estampas urbanas a medio camino entre el odio de clase y los pánicos morales con denominación de origen. Periódicos, publicaciones especializadas o ponencias de lo más variado se referían a un "cinturón sucio, hosco, aguardentoso y cochambre" que encerraba "miserias materiales y morales", una "existencia infrahumana" y, por tanto, un "dolor permanente". Aquellas miserias provocarían tanto una "contaminación de los espíritus" como una "depauperación física y moral de la raza", alimentarían "bajas pasiones y malvados instintos" e "ideas de venganza y rencor" y crearían, en definitiva, verdaderos "brotes de gangrena social". En el mapa madrileño de los horrores todos parecían convenir al situar la guarida del mal. De aquellos barrios de miseria y degeneración, habrían salido los "tarados", "asesinos" o "antropoides" responsables de la "revolución comunista" y la violencia de retaguardia. 6 Y Bidagor sentenciaba: a la destrucción material había acompañado más de un siglo de destrucción moral del orden urbano. Su reconstrucción y reproducción se antojaba intolerable. Insistiendo en el desorden como motivación, aunque revistiendo siempre el argumentario de un barniz de humanitarismo y paternalismo, el hombre fuerte de la Junta de Reconstrucción lanzaba su propuesta; la apuesta del régimen: la tarea en el extrarradio no debía consistir en reunir los fragmentos legados por el colapso físico y simbólico provocado por la guerra, sino en hacer tabula rasa: construir sobre los escombros de lo viejo una nueva realidad adecuada al proyecto del nuevo estado. El régimen tallaba piezas nuevas para un viejo rompecabezas. En caso contrario se reconstruiría el "caos pasado dejando viva una fuente constante e importantísima de desorden". La coyuntura exigía, por lo tanto, discernir entre los espacios que podrían adecuarse a la nueva ordenación de carácter orgánico y aquellos otros "focos irredimibles" cuyos restos serían eliminados aprovechando las "destrucciones" y la "fe en una España nueva". 7 5 Ibid., pp. 17-18. 6 El entrecomillado procede de artículos anónimos en prensa y de textos de Luis Pérez Mínguez, José Moreno Torres y el propio Bidagor recogidos en Sofía DIÉGUEZ: un nuevo orden urbano: El Gran Madrid (1939-1951, Madrid, Ministerio para las Administraciones Públicas y Ayuntamiento de Madrid, 1991. Pp. 148-155; Gabriel UREÑA: Arquitectura y urbanística civil y militar en el periodo de la autarquía (1936)(1937)(1938)(1939)(1940)(1941)(1942)(1943)(1944)(1945): Análisis, cronología y textos, Madrid, Istmo, 1979; Olivia MUNÓZ-RO-JAS: Ashes and granite: destruction and reconstruction in the Spanish Civil War and its aftermath, Eastbourne; Portland, Sussex Academic Press, 2011, pp. 24, 28. 7 Pedro BIDAGOR: "Primeros problemas de…", pp. 17-18. Superando los vicios implantados por el zoning y la iniciativa privada desbocada "la posición tradicional y orgánica" estaba llamada a proporcionar a cada núcleo todos los servicios indispensables. Podrían así convertirse en "miembros vivos", definidos para cumplir el papel que tenían reservado "en la misión conjunta de la ciudad como órgano del estado".</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12361638" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6e419aaa0ee80f4422e9eed5967ed046" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45308897,"asset_id":12361638,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45308897/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5NTAxMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5465011" href="https://nottingham.academia.edu/DanielOviedoSilva">Daniel Oviedo Silva</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5465011" type="text/json">{"id":5465011,"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Oviedo Silva","domain_name":"nottingham","page_name":"DanielOviedoSilva","display_name":"Daniel Oviedo Silva","profile_url":"https://nottingham.academia.edu/DanielOviedoSilva?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5465011/2399421/2792874/s65_daniel.oviedo_silva.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12361638 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12361638"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12361638, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12361638", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_12361638 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12361638; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_12361638"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_12361638 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12361638"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12361638; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12361638]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12361638").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12361638").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12361638"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9437" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urbanism">Urbanism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9437" type="text/json">{"id":9437,"name":"Urbanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urbanism?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="53848" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Control">Social Control</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="53848" type="text/json">{"id":53848,"name":"Social Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Control?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="85697" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Franquismo">Franquismo</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="85697" type="text/json">{"id":85697,"name":"Franquismo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Franquismo?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="104991" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postwar_reconstruction">Postwar reconstruction</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="104991" type="text/json">{"id":104991,"name":"Postwar reconstruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postwar_reconstruction?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12361638]'), work: {"id":12361638,"title":"“La extinción de los focos irredimibles”: Política de reconstrucción y control en el extrarradio madrileño. El caso de la barriada del Tercio y el Terol","created_at":"2015-05-12T23:42:25.476-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12361638/_La_extinci%C3%B3n_de_los_focos_irredimibles_Pol%C3%ADtica_de_reconstrucci%C3%B3n_y_control_en_el_extrarradio_madrile%C3%B1o_El_caso_de_la_barriada_del_Tercio_y_el_Terol?f_ri=474467","dom_id":"work_12361638","summary":"Otras voces, otros ámbitos\": Los sujetos y su entorno. Nuevas perspectivas de la historia sociocultural. Transformaciones sociales, políticas y culturales en el mundo urbano contemporáneo. V. Bellver Loizaga, F. d'Amaro, I. Molina Puertos y J. Ramos Tolosa. Su diagnóstico de errores se resumía en tres defectos fundamentales presentes y reconocibles en estos barrios: especulación, la suciedad y la insolidaridad. El carácter rebelde de aquellos espacios tendría que ver, a su juicio, con el hecho de haber relegado a las clases humildes fuera de la ciudad a enclaves carentes de orden y servicios, \"en la anarquía más completa, sin posibilidad de sentirse incorporados a la misión colectiva de la ciudad\". Favorecía igualmente este perfil subversivo una \"anarquía moral\" atribuida a la falta de una organización que socorriese sus necesidades y agravada por la carencia de iglesias, plazas de reunión, mercados, escuelas, centros sanitarios o lugares de esparcimiento. Hacía ya largo tiempo que aquellos incontrolables brotes urbanos empañaban la imagen de la capital y entrañaban un grave trastorno para los gestores de la ciudad. Demasiado tiempo. 5 Ciertamente el análisis del autor carecía de originalidad. En él resonaban interpretaciones previas a la guerra y no pocos especialistas y profanos se expresaban en términos semejantes en aquellos momentos de inmediata posguerra. Todos proferían torrentes de palabras vejatorias sobre el extrarradio proyectando un tupido collage de estampas urbanas a medio camino entre el odio de clase y los pánicos morales con denominación de origen. Periódicos, publicaciones especializadas o ponencias de lo más variado se referían a un \"cinturón sucio, hosco, aguardentoso y cochambre\" que encerraba \"miserias materiales y morales\", una \"existencia infrahumana\" y, por tanto, un \"dolor permanente\". Aquellas miserias provocarían tanto una \"contaminación de los espíritus\" como una \"depauperación física y moral de la raza\", alimentarían \"bajas pasiones y malvados instintos\" e \"ideas de venganza y rencor\" y crearían, en definitiva, verdaderos \"brotes de gangrena social\". En el mapa madrileño de los horrores todos parecían convenir al situar la guarida del mal. De aquellos barrios de miseria y degeneración, habrían salido los \"tarados\", \"asesinos\" o \"antropoides\" responsables de la \"revolución comunista\" y la violencia de retaguardia. 6 Y Bidagor sentenciaba: a la destrucción material había acompañado más de un siglo de destrucción moral del orden urbano. Su reconstrucción y reproducción se antojaba intolerable. Insistiendo en el desorden como motivación, aunque revistiendo siempre el argumentario de un barniz de humanitarismo y paternalismo, el hombre fuerte de la Junta de Reconstrucción lanzaba su propuesta; la apuesta del régimen: la tarea en el extrarradio no debía consistir en reunir los fragmentos legados por el colapso físico y simbólico provocado por la guerra, sino en hacer tabula rasa: construir sobre los escombros de lo viejo una nueva realidad adecuada al proyecto del nuevo estado. El régimen tallaba piezas nuevas para un viejo rompecabezas. En caso contrario se reconstruiría el \"caos pasado dejando viva una fuente constante e importantísima de desorden\". La coyuntura exigía, por lo tanto, discernir entre los espacios que podrían adecuarse a la nueva ordenación de carácter orgánico y aquellos otros \"focos irredimibles\" cuyos restos serían eliminados aprovechando las \"destrucciones\" y la \"fe en una España nueva\". 7 5 Ibid., pp. 17-18. 6 El entrecomillado procede de artículos anónimos en prensa y de textos de Luis Pérez Mínguez, José Moreno Torres y el propio Bidagor recogidos en Sofía DIÉGUEZ: un nuevo orden urbano: El Gran Madrid (1939-1951, Madrid, Ministerio para las Administraciones Públicas y Ayuntamiento de Madrid, 1991. Pp. 148-155; Gabriel UREÑA: Arquitectura y urbanística civil y militar en el periodo de la autarquía (1936)(1937)(1938)(1939)(1940)(1941)(1942)(1943)(1944)(1945): Análisis, cronología y textos, Madrid, Istmo, 1979; Olivia MUNÓZ-RO-JAS: Ashes and granite: destruction and reconstruction in the Spanish Civil War and its aftermath, Eastbourne; Portland, Sussex Academic Press, 2011, pp. 24, 28. 7 Pedro BIDAGOR: \"Primeros problemas de…\", pp. 17-18. Superando los vicios implantados por el zoning y la iniciativa privada desbocada \"la posición tradicional y orgánica\" estaba llamada a proporcionar a cada núcleo todos los servicios indispensables. Podrían así convertirse en \"miembros vivos\", definidos para cumplir el papel que tenían reservado \"en la misión conjunta de la ciudad como órgano del estado\".","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45308897,"asset_id":12361638,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5465011,"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Oviedo Silva","domain_name":"nottingham","page_name":"DanielOviedoSilva","display_name":"Daniel Oviedo Silva","profile_url":"https://nottingham.academia.edu/DanielOviedoSilva?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5465011/2399421/2792874/s65_daniel.oviedo_silva.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":9437,"name":"Urbanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urbanism?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":53848,"name":"Social Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Control?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":85697,"name":"Franquismo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Franquismo?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":104991,"name":"Postwar reconstruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postwar_reconstruction?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":136649,"name":"Madrid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Madrid?f_ri=474467"},{"id":474467,"name":"Postconflict Reconstruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Reconstruction?f_ri=474467"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7563022" data-work_id="7563022" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7563022/_Post_Urbicide_Reconstruction_and_Ideology_in_Former_Yugoslavia_Cities">(Post-)Urbicide. Reconstruction and Ideology in Former Yugoslavia Cities.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7563022" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="95c5226d9947a0e444b561373f7c91be" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45664553,"asset_id":7563022,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45664553/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5NTAxMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="15232" href="https://unibo.academia.edu/FrancescoMazzucchelli">Francesco Mazzucchelli</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="15232" type="text/json">{"id":15232,"first_name":"Francesco","last_name":"Mazzucchelli","domain_name":"unibo","page_name":"FrancescoMazzucchelli","display_name":"Francesco Mazzucchelli","profile_url":"https://unibo.academia.edu/FrancescoMazzucchelli?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/15232/5104/854784/s65_francesco.mazzucchelli.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7563022 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7563022"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7563022, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7563022", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7563022]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7563022").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7563022").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7563022"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="98" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semiotics">Semiotics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="98" type="text/json">{"id":98,"name":"Semiotics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semiotics?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="188" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies">Cultural Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="188" type="text/json">{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3337" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Balkan_Studies">Balkan Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3337" type="text/json">{"id":3337,"name":"Balkan Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Balkan_Studies?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4424" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Post-conflict_Reconstruction_and_Development">Post-conflict Reconstruction and Development</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4424" type="text/json">{"id":4424,"name":"Post-conflict Reconstruction and Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Post-conflict_Reconstruction_and_Development?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7563022]'), work: {"id":7563022,"title":"(Post-)Urbicide. Reconstruction and Ideology in Former Yugoslavia Cities.","created_at":"2014-07-05T01:04:39.273-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7563022/_Post_Urbicide_Reconstruction_and_Ideology_in_Former_Yugoslavia_Cities?f_ri=474467","dom_id":"work_7563022","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45664553,"asset_id":7563022,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":15232,"first_name":"Francesco","last_name":"Mazzucchelli","domain_name":"unibo","page_name":"FrancescoMazzucchelli","display_name":"Francesco Mazzucchelli","profile_url":"https://unibo.academia.edu/FrancescoMazzucchelli?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/15232/5104/854784/s65_francesco.mazzucchelli.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":98,"name":"Semiotics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semiotics?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":3337,"name":"Balkan Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Balkan_Studies?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":4424,"name":"Post-conflict Reconstruction and Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Post-conflict_Reconstruction_and_Development?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":7725,"name":"Urban Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Studies?f_ri=474467"},{"id":41626,"name":"Former Yugoslavia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Former_Yugoslavia?f_ri=474467"},{"id":158337,"name":"Urbicide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urbicide?f_ri=474467"},{"id":474467,"name":"Postconflict Reconstruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Reconstruction?f_ri=474467"},{"id":931986,"name":"Post Conflict Issues","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Post_Conflict_Issues?f_ri=474467"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10900107" data-work_id="10900107" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10900107/The_Perils_of_Outsourcing_Post_Conflict_Reconstruction_Donor_Countries_International_NGOs_and_Private_Military_and_Security_Companies">The Perils of Outsourcing Post-Conflict Reconstruction: Donor Countries, International NGOs and Private Military and Security Companies</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">During the last few years, some donor countries (especially the US and the UK) have been increasingly outsourcing services in post-conflict operations to international non-governmental organisations (INGOs) and private military and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_10900107" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">During the last few years, some donor countries (especially the US and the UK) have been increasingly outsourcing services in post-conflict operations to international non-governmental organisations (INGOs) and private military and security companies (PMSCs). These states have also adopted ‘integrated approaches’ to their policy interventions, contributing to the emergence of an ‘aid and security market’. The article uses ideas from both development and defence studies and re-problematises the contracting states’ relationship with PMSCs and INGOs. It argues that although INGOs and PMSCs are very different types of non-state actors, there are striking similarities in outsourcing practices. Moreover, it demonstrates that the leading contracting states have poorly managed their contracts with both INGOs and PMSCs, and have not seriously reflected on the unintended consequences of their contracting practices on the recovery of war-affected countries.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10900107" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6792a9205a9b2a56316986311c808e7f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40900562,"asset_id":10900107,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40900562/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5NTAxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="234081" href="https://uop-gr.academia.edu/NikolaosTzifakis">Nikolaos Tzifakis</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="234081" type="text/json">{"id":234081,"first_name":"Nikolaos","last_name":"Tzifakis","domain_name":"uop-gr","page_name":"NikolaosTzifakis","display_name":"Nikolaos Tzifakis","profile_url":"https://uop-gr.academia.edu/NikolaosTzifakis?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/234081/158425/45729300/s65_nikolaos.tzifakis.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10900107 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10900107"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10900107, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10900107", }); 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itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37451145/For_the_War_Yet_to_Come_Planning_Beiruts_Frontiers">For the War Yet to Come: Planning Beirut's Frontiers</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Winner of the 2019 Nikki Keddie Book Award from the Middle East Studies Association, and the 2019 Anthony Leeds Prize from American Anthropological Association’s Society for Urban, National, and Transnational / Global Anthropology... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37451145" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Winner of  the 2019 Nikki Keddie Book Award from the Middle East Studies Association, and the 2019 Anthony Leeds Prize from American Anthropological Association’s Society for Urban, National, and Transnational / Global Anthropology (SUNTA) section.<br /><br />Beirut is a city divided. Following the Green Line of the civil war, dividing the Christian east and the Muslim west, today hundreds of such lines dissect the city. For the residents of Beirut, urban planning could hold promise: a new spatial order could bring a peaceful future. But with unclear state structures and outsourced public processes, urban planning has instead become a contest between religious-political organizations and profit-seeking developers. Neighborhoods reproduce poverty, displacement, and urban violence.<br /><br />For the War Yet to Come examines urban planning in three neighborhoods of Beirut's southeastern peripheries, revealing how these areas have been developed into frontiers of a continuing sectarian order. Hiba Bou Akar argues these neighborhoods are arranged, not in the expectation of a bright future, but according to the logic of "the war yet to come": urban planning plays on fears and differences, rumors of war, and paramilitary strategies to organize everyday life. As she shows, war in times of peace is not fought with tanks, artillery, and rifles, but involves a more mundane territorial contest for land and apartment sales, zoning and planning regulations, and infrastructure projects.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37451145" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="02f6ba73661354283afb1debb7cc4dec" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57418840,"asset_id":37451145,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57418840/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5NTAxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="385072" href="https://columbia.academia.edu/HibaBouAkar">Bou Akar, Hiba</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="385072" type="text/json">{"id":385072,"first_name":"Bou Akar,","last_name":"Hiba","domain_name":"columbia","page_name":"HibaBouAkar","display_name":"Bou Akar, Hiba","profile_url":"https://columbia.academia.edu/HibaBouAkar?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/385072/236238/31671323/s65_bou_akar_.hiba.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37451145 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37451145"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37451145, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37451145", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37451145]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37451145").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37451145").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37451145"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="261" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography">Geography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="261" type="text/json">{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1697" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Violence">Violence</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1697" type="text/json">{"id":1697,"name":"Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Violence?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2015" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies">Middle East Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2015" type="text/json">{"id":2015,"name":"Middle East Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2585" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Development">International Development</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2585" type="text/json">{"id":2585,"name":"International Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Development?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37451145]'), work: {"id":37451145,"title":"For the War Yet to Come: Planning Beirut's Frontiers","created_at":"2018-09-20T16:00:00.101-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37451145/For_the_War_Yet_to_Come_Planning_Beiruts_Frontiers?f_ri=474467","dom_id":"work_37451145","summary":"Winner of the 2019 Nikki Keddie Book Award from the Middle East Studies Association, and the 2019 Anthony Leeds Prize from American Anthropological Association’s Society for Urban, National, and Transnational / Global Anthropology (SUNTA) section.\n\nBeirut is a city divided. Following the Green Line of the civil war, dividing the Christian east and the Muslim west, today hundreds of such lines dissect the city. For the residents of Beirut, urban planning could hold promise: a new spatial order could bring a peaceful future. But with unclear state structures and outsourced public processes, urban planning has instead become a contest between religious-political organizations and profit-seeking developers. Neighborhoods reproduce poverty, displacement, and urban violence.\n\nFor the War Yet to Come examines urban planning in three neighborhoods of Beirut's southeastern peripheries, revealing how these areas have been developed into frontiers of a continuing sectarian order. Hiba Bou Akar argues these neighborhoods are arranged, not in the expectation of a bright future, but according to the logic of \"the war yet to come\": urban planning plays on fears and differences, rumors of war, and paramilitary strategies to organize everyday life. As she shows, war in times of peace is not fought with tanks, artillery, and rifles, but involves a more mundane territorial contest for land and apartment sales, zoning and planning regulations, and infrastructure projects.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57418840,"asset_id":37451145,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":385072,"first_name":"Bou Akar,","last_name":"Hiba","domain_name":"columbia","page_name":"HibaBouAkar","display_name":"Bou Akar, Hiba","profile_url":"https://columbia.academia.edu/HibaBouAkar?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/385072/236238/31671323/s65_bou_akar_.hiba.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":1697,"name":"Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Violence?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":2015,"name":"Middle East Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":2585,"name":"International Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Development?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":3741,"name":"Urban Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Anthropology?f_ri=474467"},{"id":4367,"name":"Infrastructure Planning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infrastructure_Planning?f_ri=474467"},{"id":4808,"name":"Urban Planning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Planning?f_ri=474467"},{"id":6736,"name":"Lebanon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lebanon?f_ri=474467"},{"id":7725,"name":"Urban Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Studies?f_ri=474467"},{"id":9437,"name":"Urbanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urbanism?f_ri=474467"},{"id":16742,"name":"Urban Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Sociology?f_ri=474467"},{"id":21381,"name":"Urban Ruins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Ruins?f_ri=474467"},{"id":28981,"name":"Ethnic Conflict and Civil War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnic_Conflict_and_Civil_War?f_ri=474467"},{"id":33008,"name":"Sectarianism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sectarianism?f_ri=474467"},{"id":46647,"name":"Militarism and militarization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Militarism_and_militarization?f_ri=474467"},{"id":48174,"name":"Temporality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Temporality?f_ri=474467"},{"id":52959,"name":"Ethnic / Sectarian Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnic_Sectarian_Violence?f_ri=474467"},{"id":65470,"name":"City and Regional Planning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/City_and_Regional_Planning?f_ri=474467"},{"id":84916,"name":"Beirut","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Beirut?f_ri=474467"},{"id":474467,"name":"Postconflict Reconstruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Reconstruction?f_ri=474467"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_32195953 coauthored" data-work_id="32195953" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32195953/G%C3%89NERO_Y_MILITARISMO_VIDAS_CUERPOS_Y_CONTROL_SOCIAL_BAJO_LA_GUERRA">GÉNERO Y MILITARISMO. VIDAS, CUERPOS Y CONTROL SOCIAL BAJO LA GUERRA</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Informes en castellano e inglés sobre la interacción entre militarismo, Patriarcado y construcción de la identidad de género.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/32195953" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9de72969f1a47fc6312cc832966c08d5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52427811,"asset_id":32195953,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52427811/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5NTAxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5741250" href="https://universityofulster.academia.edu/NoraMiralles">Nora Miralles</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5741250" type="text/json">{"id":5741250,"first_name":"Nora","last_name":"Miralles","domain_name":"universityofulster","page_name":"NoraMiralles","display_name":"Nora Miralles","profile_url":"https://universityofulster.academia.edu/NoraMiralles?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5741250/7859364/8805771/s65_gioconda.belli.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-32195953">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-32195953"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://uab.academia.edu/BlancaCampsFebrer">Blanca CampsFebrer</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-32195953'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-32195953').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_32195953 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="32195953"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32195953, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_32195953", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_32195953 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32195953; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_32195953"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_32195953 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="32195953"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32195953; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32195953]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_32195953").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_32195953").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="32195953"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1198" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_and_Conflict_Studies">Peace and Conflict Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1198" type="text/json">{"id":1198,"name":"Peace and Conflict Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_and_Conflict_Studies?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7024" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender">Gender</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7024" type="text/json">{"id":7024,"name":"Gender","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="45578" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peacebuilding">Peacebuilding</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="45578" type="text/json">{"id":45578,"name":"Peacebuilding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peacebuilding?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="46647" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Militarism_and_militarization">Militarism and militarization</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="46647" type="text/json">{"id":46647,"name":"Militarism and militarization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Militarism_and_militarization?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=32195953]'), work: {"id":32195953,"title":"GÉNERO Y MILITARISMO. VIDAS, CUERPOS Y CONTROL SOCIAL BAJO LA GUERRA","created_at":"2017-04-02T01:01:44.865-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/32195953/G%C3%89NERO_Y_MILITARISMO_VIDAS_CUERPOS_Y_CONTROL_SOCIAL_BAJO_LA_GUERRA?f_ri=474467","dom_id":"work_32195953","summary":"Informes en castellano e inglés sobre la interacción entre militarismo, Patriarcado y construcción de la identidad de género.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52427811,"asset_id":32195953,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5741250,"first_name":"Nora","last_name":"Miralles","domain_name":"universityofulster","page_name":"NoraMiralles","display_name":"Nora Miralles","profile_url":"https://universityofulster.academia.edu/NoraMiralles?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5741250/7859364/8805771/s65_gioconda.belli.jpg"},{"id":637967,"first_name":"Blanca","last_name":"CampsFebrer","domain_name":"uab","page_name":"BlancaCampsFebrer","display_name":"Blanca CampsFebrer","profile_url":"https://uab.academia.edu/BlancaCampsFebrer?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/637967/1970181/2327909/s65_blanca.campsfebrer.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1198,"name":"Peace and Conflict Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_and_Conflict_Studies?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":7024,"name":"Gender","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":45578,"name":"Peacebuilding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peacebuilding?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":46647,"name":"Militarism and militarization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Militarism_and_militarization?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":243961,"name":"Gender Identities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Identities?f_ri=474467"},{"id":474467,"name":"Postconflict Reconstruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Reconstruction?f_ri=474467"},{"id":1347008,"name":"Militarización","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Militarizacion?f_ri=474467"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_30365134" data-work_id="30365134" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30365134/Political_networks_and_the_2014_Afghan_presidential_election_power_restructuring_ethnicity_and_state_stability">Political networks and the 2014 Afghan presidential election: power restructuring, ethnicity and state stability</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article examines power dynamics in political groupings during the 2014 Afghanistan presidential election and assesses the impact on political stability and order. The focus is the power dynamics of local political-economic and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_30365134" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article examines power dynamics in political groupings during<br />the 2014 Afghanistan presidential election and assesses the impact on<br />political stability and order. The focus is the power dynamics of local<br />political-economic and identity networks that have come to underpin<br />and constitute the state in post-2001 international state-building.<br />The article first seeks to understand how the complex relationships<br />between the two leading presidential candidates, Ashraf Ghani and<br />Abdullah Abdullah, and key powerbrokers were negotiated and<br />subsequently influenced electoral outcomes. Second, focusing on<br />negotiations over the appointment of the Cabinet ministers, advisers<br />and staff, and governors, the study maps the restructuring of political<br />networks within the Afghan state. The analysis reveals the impact of<br />the election on the redistribution of power and resources, and the<br />consequences for political order and state stability in the post-2014<br />period.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30365134" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="567428b08541c354be551cb1756b89b9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50816429,"asset_id":30365134,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50816429/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5NTAxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="9592917" href="https://unsw.academia.edu/SrinjoyBosePhD">Srinjoy Bose, PhD</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="9592917" type="text/json">{"id":9592917,"first_name":"Srinjoy","last_name":"Bose, PhD","domain_name":"unsw","page_name":"SrinjoyBosePhD","display_name":"Srinjoy Bose, PhD","profile_url":"https://unsw.academia.edu/SrinjoyBosePhD?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9592917/7889792/30179035/s65_srinjoy.bose_phd.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_30365134 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="30365134"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 30365134, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_30365134", }); 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The focus is the power dynamics of local\npolitical-economic and identity networks that have come to underpin\nand constitute the state in post-2001 international state-building.\nThe article first seeks to understand how the complex relationships\nbetween the two leading presidential candidates, Ashraf Ghani and\nAbdullah Abdullah, and key powerbrokers were negotiated and\nsubsequently influenced electoral outcomes. Second, focusing on\nnegotiations over the appointment of the Cabinet ministers, advisers\nand staff, and governors, the study maps the restructuring of political\nnetworks within the Afghan state. The analysis reveals the impact of\nthe election on the redistribution of power and resources, and the\nconsequences for political order and state stability in the post-2014\nperiod.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50816429,"asset_id":30365134,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":9592917,"first_name":"Srinjoy","last_name":"Bose, PhD","domain_name":"unsw","page_name":"SrinjoyBosePhD","display_name":"Srinjoy Bose, PhD","profile_url":"https://unsw.academia.edu/SrinjoyBosePhD?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9592917/7889792/30179035/s65_srinjoy.bose_phd.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":977,"name":"Development Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":1198,"name":"Peace and Conflict 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patronage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_patronage?f_ri=474467"},{"id":251757,"name":"Political Clientelism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Clientelism?f_ri=474467"},{"id":304392,"name":"Nationbuilding and Statebuilding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nationbuilding_and_Statebuilding?f_ri=474467"},{"id":325582,"name":"Warlords","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Warlords?f_ri=474467"},{"id":447363,"name":"Post conflict, Reconstruction, Peace building and Transitional Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Post_conflict_Reconstruction_Peace_building_and_Transitional_Justice?f_ri=474467"},{"id":474467,"name":"Postconflict Reconstruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Reconstruction?f_ri=474467"},{"id":512540,"name":"Post Conflict Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Post_Conflict_Development?f_ri=474467"},{"id":535180,"name":"International 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work_4154040" data-work_id="4154040" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4154040/Le_Plan_Communal_de_D%C3%A9veloppement_Communautaire_PCDC_%C3%A0_Gashikanwa_Burundi_quel_impact_socio%C3%A9conomique_sur_la_population_de_cette_commune">Le Plan Communal de Développement Communautaire (PCDC) à Gashikanwa (Burundi): quel impact socioéconomique sur la population de cette commune?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4154040" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" 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philosophical perspective</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We know we live in a world where people hurt each other, and where armed conflicts are commonplace, recurring quite often even after reaching peace agreements. Nevertheless, we also know we have the abilities to forgive and reconcile... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_23131483" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We know we live in a world where people hurt each other, and where armed conflicts are commonplace, recurring quite often even after reaching peace agreements. Nevertheless, we also know we have the abilities to forgive and reconcile after wrongdoing has been committed, that means, after an immoral action has taken place. The processes of forgiveness and reconciliation are part of those human abilities which enable us to break the cycles of violence, and which allow victims to heal and perpetrators to be reintegrated into their communities. Establishing dynamics of forgiveness and reconciliation in post-conflict settings will produce more peaceful societies, where the dignity and rights of each person are respected, and where people are able to fulfil their needs and grow and develop as human beings.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/23131483" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d4526f5b87aec749fab727eaf01bbe04" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50787563,"asset_id":23131483,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50787563/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5NTAxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="42755887" href="https://uji.academia.edu/JUANMANUELJIM%C3%89NEZROBLES">Juan Manuel Jiménez Robles</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="42755887" type="text/json">{"id":42755887,"first_name":"Juan Manuel","last_name":"Jiménez Robles","domain_name":"uji","page_name":"JUANMANUELJIMÉNEZROBLES","display_name":"Juan Manuel Jiménez Robles","profile_url":"https://uji.academia.edu/JUANMANUELJIM%C3%89NEZROBLES?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/42755887/11491115/30709356/s65_juan_manuel.jim_nez_robles.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_23131483 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="23131483"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 23131483, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_23131483", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=23131483]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_23131483").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_23131483").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="23131483"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="813" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Philosophy">Political Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="813" type="text/json">{"id":813,"name":"Political Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Philosophy?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1198" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_and_Conflict_Studies">Peace and Conflict Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1198" type="text/json">{"id":1198,"name":"Peace and Conflict Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_and_Conflict_Studies?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="24048" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_Studies">Peace Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="24048" type="text/json">{"id":24048,"name":"Peace Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_Studies?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=23131483]'), work: {"id":23131483,"title":"On forgiveness and reconciliation in post-conflict societies: a philosophical perspective","created_at":"2016-03-11T05:15:37.595-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/23131483/On_forgiveness_and_reconciliation_in_post_conflict_societies_a_philosophical_perspective?f_ri=474467","dom_id":"work_23131483","summary":"We know we live in a world where people hurt each other, and where armed conflicts are commonplace, recurring quite often even after reaching peace agreements. Nevertheless, we also know we have the abilities to forgive and reconcile after wrongdoing has been committed, that means, after an immoral action has taken place. The processes of forgiveness and reconciliation are part of those human abilities which enable us to break the cycles of violence, and which allow victims to heal and perpetrators to be reintegrated into their communities. Establishing dynamics of forgiveness and reconciliation in post-conflict settings will produce more peaceful societies, where the dignity and rights of each person are respected, and where people are able to fulfil their needs and grow and develop as human beings.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50787563,"asset_id":23131483,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":42755887,"first_name":"Juan Manuel","last_name":"Jiménez Robles","domain_name":"uji","page_name":"JUANMANUELJIMÉNEZROBLES","display_name":"Juan Manuel Jiménez Robles","profile_url":"https://uji.academia.edu/JUANMANUELJIM%C3%89NEZROBLES?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/42755887/11491115/30709356/s65_juan_manuel.jim_nez_robles.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":813,"name":"Political Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Philosophy?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":1198,"name":"Peace and Conflict Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_and_Conflict_Studies?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":24048,"name":"Peace Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_Studies?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":29273,"name":"Reconciliation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reconciliation?f_ri=474467"},{"id":45559,"name":"Peace","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace?f_ri=474467"},{"id":45578,"name":"Peacebuilding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peacebuilding?f_ri=474467"},{"id":52234,"name":"Peace and Conflict Resolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_and_Conflict_Resolution?f_ri=474467"},{"id":54457,"name":"Forgiveness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forgiveness?f_ri=474467"},{"id":64338,"name":"Forgiveness and Reconciliation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forgiveness_and_Reconciliation?f_ri=474467"},{"id":69289,"name":"Repentance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Repentance?f_ri=474467"},{"id":123202,"name":"Post-Conflict Reconciliation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Post-Conflict_Reconciliation?f_ri=474467"},{"id":165516,"name":"Political Forgiveness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Forgiveness?f_ri=474467"},{"id":474467,"name":"Postconflict Reconstruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Reconstruction?f_ri=474467"},{"id":1035588,"name":"Truth and Reconciliation Commissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Truth_and_Reconciliation_Commissions?f_ri=474467"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_23693679" data-work_id="23693679" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23693679/REBUILDING_SARAJEVO">REBUILDING SARAJEVO</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The four-year siege of Sarajevo decimated the city. Some 11,000 civilians were killed, 60 per cent of buildings were damaged or destroyed, and 80 per cent of utilities were disabled. When the war ended in 1995, a “triple transition”... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_23693679" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The four-year siege of Sarajevo decimated the city. Some 11,000 civilians were killed, 60 per cent of buildings were damaged or destroyed, and 80 per cent of utilities were disabled. When the war ended in 1995, a “triple transition” occurred throughout Bosnia-Herzegovina (BiH): the simultaneous movements from war to peace, communism to democracy, and market socialism to a free-market economy. International attempts at physically rebuilding Sarajevo met with some success: the visible scars from the war are largely gone and violence no longer plagues the city. But reconstruction is incomplete and legacies of the war hang over the city.<br /><br />Polls in BiH reveal a deep disgust with politics and institutions, and there are serious issues with unemployment, inequality, and social reconciliation. Nearly 90 per cent of the country believes it is headed in the wrong direction. The residents of Canton Sarajevo do not feel represented by institutions by a margin of 3 to 1, and a vast majority support political change. The triple transition has been fraught with difficulties. Ethnic divisions are wider than ever. While 88 per cent of the population support better interethnic relations, very little tangible has been achieved in the way of reconciliation. The economy is dominated by criminality and corruption, not by accountable open markets.<br /><br />These problems stem from the narrow approach taken to reconstructing Sarajevo. By viewing the city largely in physical terms, international and national groups failed to restore institutions, curb corrupt practices, and counter nationalist political movements that benefited from the complex political structures created by the 1995 Dayton Accords. While each city and post-conflict situation is unique, assessing failures encountered while rebuilding Sarajevo offer five over arching lessons for future reconstruction.<br /><br />Reconstruction efforts must be planned strategically to include the many sectors and actors involved in the process. In Sarajevo, the lack of coordination between donors, local government, and residents of the city undermined successful rebuilding.<br />Local institutional capacity must be strengthened before reconstruction begins. Many failures in Sarajevo could have been avoided by having the necessary urban planning, administrative, and governance structures organized during the earliest years.<br />Oversight and anti-corruption measures must be implemented from the start. Recipients and donors must create solid control systems, be willing to hold local leaders accountable, and have trip-wires that trigger the withholding of salaries or aid for large-scale corruption issues.<br />Urban reconstruction must be accompanied by economic growth. Sustaining returnees depends upon accessible jobs and economic growth. Policies should streamline business legislation and make starting an enterprise as easy as possible.<br />Reconstruction must be recognized as an ecosystem. Functional reconstruction of merely physical aspects is insufficient to recreate a vibrant city. Policymakers should seek to also use educational, economic, and cultural initiatives to rekindle urban life.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/23693679" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ee089a353021126c62c945d9e6260b28" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44099760,"asset_id":23693679,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44099760/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5NTAxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="45762363" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CenterforConflictNegotiationandRecoveryCCNR">The Aleppo Project</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="45762363" type="text/json">{"id":45762363,"first_name":"The Aleppo","last_name":"Project","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CenterforConflictNegotiationandRecoveryCCNR","display_name":"The Aleppo Project","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CenterforConflictNegotiationandRecoveryCCNR?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/45762363/12130228/13511264/s65_the_aleppo.project.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_23693679 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="23693679"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 23693679, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_23693679", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=23693679]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_23693679").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_23693679").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="23693679"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="313634" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aleppo">Aleppo</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="313634" type="text/json">{"id":313634,"name":"Aleppo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aleppo?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="461938" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="461938" type="text/json">{"id":461938,"name":"Sarajevo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sarajevo?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="474467" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Reconstruction">Postconflict Reconstruction</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="474467" type="text/json">{"id":474467,"name":"Postconflict Reconstruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Reconstruction?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=23693679]'), work: {"id":23693679,"title":"REBUILDING SARAJEVO","created_at":"2016-03-25T08:20:29.338-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/23693679/REBUILDING_SARAJEVO?f_ri=474467","dom_id":"work_23693679","summary":"The four-year siege of Sarajevo decimated the city. Some 11,000 civilians were killed, 60 per cent of buildings were damaged or destroyed, and 80 per cent of utilities were disabled. When the war ended in 1995, a “triple transition” occurred throughout Bosnia-Herzegovina (BiH): the simultaneous movements from war to peace, communism to democracy, and market socialism to a free-market economy. International attempts at physically rebuilding Sarajevo met with some success: the visible scars from the war are largely gone and violence no longer plagues the city. But reconstruction is incomplete and legacies of the war hang over the city.\n\nPolls in BiH reveal a deep disgust with politics and institutions, and there are serious issues with unemployment, inequality, and social reconciliation. Nearly 90 per cent of the country believes it is headed in the wrong direction. The residents of Canton Sarajevo do not feel represented by institutions by a margin of 3 to 1, and a vast majority support political change. The triple transition has been fraught with difficulties. Ethnic divisions are wider than ever. While 88 per cent of the population support better interethnic relations, very little tangible has been achieved in the way of reconciliation. The economy is dominated by criminality and corruption, not by accountable open markets.\n\nThese problems stem from the narrow approach taken to reconstructing Sarajevo. By viewing the city largely in physical terms, international and national groups failed to restore institutions, curb corrupt practices, and counter nationalist political movements that benefited from the complex political structures created by the 1995 Dayton Accords. While each city and post-conflict situation is unique, assessing failures encountered while rebuilding Sarajevo offer five over arching lessons for future reconstruction.\n\nReconstruction efforts must be planned strategically to include the many sectors and actors involved in the process. In Sarajevo, the lack of coordination between donors, local government, and residents of the city undermined successful rebuilding.\nLocal institutional capacity must be strengthened before reconstruction begins. Many failures in Sarajevo could have been avoided by having the necessary urban planning, administrative, and governance structures organized during the earliest years.\nOversight and anti-corruption measures must be implemented from the start. Recipients and donors must create solid control systems, be willing to hold local leaders accountable, and have trip-wires that trigger the withholding of salaries or aid for large-scale corruption issues.\nUrban reconstruction must be accompanied by economic growth. Sustaining returnees depends upon accessible jobs and economic growth. Policies should streamline business legislation and make starting an enterprise as easy as possible.\nReconstruction must be recognized as an ecosystem. Functional reconstruction of merely physical aspects is insufficient to recreate a vibrant city. Policymakers should seek to also use educational, economic, and cultural initiatives to rekindle urban life.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44099760,"asset_id":23693679,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":45762363,"first_name":"The Aleppo","last_name":"Project","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CenterforConflictNegotiationandRecoveryCCNR","display_name":"The Aleppo Project","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CenterforConflictNegotiationandRecoveryCCNR?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/45762363/12130228/13511264/s65_the_aleppo.project.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":313634,"name":"Aleppo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aleppo?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":461938,"name":"Sarajevo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sarajevo?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":474467,"name":"Postconflict Reconstruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Reconstruction?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31634131" data-work_id="31634131" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31634131/Fuerza_de_Tarea_Conjunta_Omega_Dios_y_Victoria_POSCONFLICTO_Una_oportunidad_para_el_desarrollo">Fuerza de Tarea Conjunta Omega Dios y Victoria POSCONFLICTO Una oportunidad para el desarrollo</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31634131" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5787c61ce2bb9d2d856252242743dc06" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51957177,"asset_id":31634131,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51957177/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5NTAxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3951890" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CulturaSanBuenaventura">Cultura San Buenaventura</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3951890" type="text/json">{"id":3951890,"first_name":"Cultura","last_name":"San Buenaventura","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CulturaSanBuenaventura","display_name":"Cultura San Buenaventura","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CulturaSanBuenaventura?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3951890/1481369/1807087/s65_cultura.san_buenaventura.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31634131 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31634131"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31634131, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31634131", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_31634131 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31634131; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_31634131"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_31634131 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31634131"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31634131; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31634131]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_31634131").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_31634131").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="31634131"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="474467" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Reconstruction">Postconflict Reconstruction</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="474467" type="text/json">{"id":474467,"name":"Postconflict Reconstruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Reconstruction?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=31634131]'), work: {"id":31634131,"title":"Fuerza de Tarea Conjunta Omega Dios y Victoria POSCONFLICTO Una oportunidad para el desarrollo","created_at":"2017-02-27T11:11:51.323-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/31634131/Fuerza_de_Tarea_Conjunta_Omega_Dios_y_Victoria_POSCONFLICTO_Una_oportunidad_para_el_desarrollo?f_ri=474467","dom_id":"work_31634131","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51957177,"asset_id":31634131,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3951890,"first_name":"Cultura","last_name":"San Buenaventura","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CulturaSanBuenaventura","display_name":"Cultura San Buenaventura","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CulturaSanBuenaventura?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3951890/1481369/1807087/s65_cultura.san_buenaventura.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":474467,"name":"Postconflict Reconstruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Reconstruction?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35420005" data-work_id="35420005" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35420005/CATASTROPHE_AND_CHALLENGE_CULTURAL_HERITAGE_IN_POST_CONFLICT_RECOVERY">CATASTROPHE AND CHALLENGE CULTURAL HERITAGE IN POST-CONFLICT RECOVERY</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">During the Second World War, three main art historian/conservators, France Stele in Slovenia (1886-1972), Ljubo Karaman (1886-1971) in Croatia, along with his successor, Cvito Fisković (1908-1996), tried to save various affected areas... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35420005" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">During the Second World War, three main art historian/conservators, France Stele in Slovenia (1886-1972), Ljubo Karaman<br />(1886-1971) in Croatia, along with his successor, Cvito Fisković (1908-1996), tried to save various affected areas with minimum<br />human and financial resources in the former Yugoslavian territory.<br />The aim of this paper is to make a short analysis of the reconstruction and conservation implemented during, and shortly<br />after, the Second World War on two example monuments: the Fortified Villa of Emperor Diocletian (Split, Croatia) and the<br />Kostanjevica monastery (Konstanjevica on river Krka, Slovenia), emphasizing the impact on today‘s function of the monuments.<br />After the destruction caused by WW II, the opportunity for clearing buildings of minor importance to expose greater monuments<br />was taken on a larger scale. A good example of this is the Diocletian‘s Fortified Villa (295-305) in Split. The remains of<br />a monastery of the lazaretto and other lesser buildings in the immediate surroundings were removed to give better views<br />of the Villa’s massive facades, a procedure that would not be regarded as acceptable today. This approach had a significant<br />impact on today’s presentation of the emperor’s fortified villa, which was also later damaged during the Croatian<br />War of Independence in 1991.<br />Another valuable example that will be discussed is the Kostanjevica monastery, a monument destroyed by fire whose<br />reconstruction was devised and started to be implemented by the Slovenian conservators and architects in 1942. During the<br />following decades, and with considerable support from the local community, the interior was renovated and redecorated.<br />Many restoration and reconstruction works have been carried out for 40 years until 1982. Today Kostanjevica monastery<br />is one of the most beautifully restored monument complexes in Slovenia, serving as a model of its kind and offering a rich<br />cultural experience.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35420005" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5df65f6a393dd48961dbd029e77830ef" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55280700,"asset_id":35420005,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55280700/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5NTAxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1447559" href="https://ub.academia.edu/IvanaD%C3%ADazUnkovic">Ivana N . Díaz Unkovic</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1447559" type="text/json">{"id":1447559,"first_name":"Ivana","last_name":"Díaz Unkovic","domain_name":"ub","page_name":"IvanaDíazUnkovic","display_name":"Ivana N . Díaz Unkovic","profile_url":"https://ub.academia.edu/IvanaD%C3%ADazUnkovic?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1447559/547858/15999301/s65_ivana_nina.unkovic.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35420005 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35420005"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35420005, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35420005", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_35420005 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35420005; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_35420005"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_35420005 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="35420005"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35420005; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35420005]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35420005").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35420005").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35420005"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2132" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Heritage">Cultural Heritage</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2132" type="text/json">{"id":2132,"name":"Cultural Heritage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Heritage?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4195" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Theory">Cultural Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4195" type="text/json">{"id":4195,"name":"Cultural Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Theory?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5459" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Heritage_Conservation">Cultural Heritage Conservation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5459" type="text/json">{"id":5459,"name":"Cultural Heritage Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Heritage_Conservation?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12739" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Second_World_War">Second World War</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12739" type="text/json">{"id":12739,"name":"Second World War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Second_World_War?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35420005]'), work: {"id":35420005,"title":"CATASTROPHE AND CHALLENGE CULTURAL HERITAGE IN POST-CONFLICT RECOVERY","created_at":"2017-12-13T06:28:52.664-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35420005/CATASTROPHE_AND_CHALLENGE_CULTURAL_HERITAGE_IN_POST_CONFLICT_RECOVERY?f_ri=474467","dom_id":"work_35420005","summary":"During the Second World War, three main art historian/conservators, France Stele in Slovenia (1886-1972), Ljubo Karaman\n(1886-1971) in Croatia, along with his successor, Cvito Fisković (1908-1996), tried to save various affected areas with minimum\nhuman and financial resources in the former Yugoslavian territory.\nThe aim of this paper is to make a short analysis of the reconstruction and conservation implemented during, and shortly\nafter, the Second World War on two example monuments: the Fortified Villa of Emperor Diocletian (Split, Croatia) and the\nKostanjevica monastery (Konstanjevica on river Krka, Slovenia), emphasizing the impact on today‘s function of the monuments.\nAfter the destruction caused by WW II, the opportunity for clearing buildings of minor importance to expose greater monuments\nwas taken on a larger scale. A good example of this is the Diocletian‘s Fortified Villa (295-305) in Split. The remains of\na monastery of the lazaretto and other lesser buildings in the immediate surroundings were removed to give better views\nof the Villa’s massive facades, a procedure that would not be regarded as acceptable today. This approach had a significant\nimpact on today’s presentation of the emperor’s fortified villa, which was also later damaged during the Croatian\nWar of Independence in 1991.\nAnother valuable example that will be discussed is the Kostanjevica monastery, a monument destroyed by fire whose\nreconstruction was devised and started to be implemented by the Slovenian conservators and architects in 1942. During the\nfollowing decades, and with considerable support from the local community, the interior was renovated and redecorated.\nMany restoration and reconstruction works have been carried out for 40 years until 1982. Today Kostanjevica monastery\nis one of the most beautifully restored monument complexes in Slovenia, serving as a model of its kind and offering a rich\ncultural experience.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55280700,"asset_id":35420005,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1447559,"first_name":"Ivana","last_name":"Díaz Unkovic","domain_name":"ub","page_name":"IvanaDíazUnkovic","display_name":"Ivana N . Díaz Unkovic","profile_url":"https://ub.academia.edu/IvanaD%C3%ADazUnkovic?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1447559/547858/15999301/s65_ivana_nina.unkovic.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2132,"name":"Cultural Heritage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Heritage?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":4195,"name":"Cultural Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Theory?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":5459,"name":"Cultural Heritage Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Heritage_Conservation?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":12739,"name":"Second World War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Second_World_War?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":13966,"name":"History of Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Art?f_ri=474467"},{"id":19405,"name":"Cultural Heritage Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Heritage_Management?f_ri=474467"},{"id":19755,"name":"World Cultural Heritage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/World_Cultural_Heritage?f_ri=474467"},{"id":474467,"name":"Postconflict Reconstruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Reconstruction?f_ri=474467"},{"id":813845,"name":"Policy and Governance, Cultural Heritage (tangible \u0026 Intangible), Cultural Enhancement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policy_and_Governance_Cultural_Heritage_tangible_and_Intangible_Cultural_Enhancement?f_ri=474467"},{"id":1353897,"name":"Tangible Cultural Heritage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tangible_Cultural_Heritage?f_ri=474467"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24628545" data-work_id="24628545" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24628545/Dealing_with_the_Past_in_the_Western_Balkans_edited_by_Martina_Fischer_and_Ljubinka_Petrovic_Ziemer_Berghof_Report_18_2013_Berlin_Berghof_Foundation_Online_at_www_berghof_foundation_org_">Dealing with the Past in the Western Balkans, edited by Martina Fischer and Ljubinka Petrovic-Ziemer, Berghof Report 18, 2013, Berlin: Berghof Foundation. (Online at www.berghof-foundation.org)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This publication is co-edited by Martina Fischer and Ljubinka Petrovic-Ziemer and presents results of the research project “Dealing with the Past and Peacebuilding in the Western Balkans. Studying the interplay of international and local... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_24628545" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This publication is co-edited by Martina Fischer and Ljubinka Petrovic-Ziemer and presents results of the research project “Dealing with the Past and Peacebuilding in the <br />Western Balkans. Studying the interplay of international and local initiatives for Transitional Justice and <br />Reconciliation in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Serbia and Croatia”. <br />The project was funded by the German Foundation Peace Research in the period March 2010–April 2012. The project was conducted by Martina Fischer and Ljubinka Petrović-Ziemer with contributions by Srđan Dvornik (Zagreb), Katarina Milićević (Belgrade), and Ismet Sejfija (Sarajevo/Tuzla). The study investigates initiatives for reconciliation and “dealing with the past” which were undertaken by international organisations, legal institutions and local civil society actors in response to the wars in <br />the former Yugoslavia in the early 1990s. The coherence of objectives and strategies and their implications <br />for peacebuilding, forms of cooperation and learning experiences, and the political resonance of the <br />various approaches were a particular focus of interest. The research concentrated on Bosnia-Herzegovina, <br />Serbia and Croatia, which are linked by their history of ethnopolitical conflict and are signatory states to <br />the Dayton Peace Agreement (1995), under which they committed to cooperate in order to overcome the <br />effects of war. The inter-country case study was carried out with input from local partners from civil society <br />organisations and academic institutions. In all, 150 interviews were conducted in 28 municipalities.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24628545" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0b2e93fec3c0d8a1c1df5a7fab1fe7c2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44955937,"asset_id":24628545,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44955937/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5NTAxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33221018" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MartinaFischer">Martina Fischer</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33221018" type="text/json">{"id":33221018,"first_name":"Martina","last_name":"Fischer","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MartinaFischer","display_name":"Martina Fischer","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MartinaFischer?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33221018/12537669/13950836/s65_martina.fischer.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24628545 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="24628545"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24628545, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_24628545", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=24628545]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_24628545").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_24628545").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="24628545"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1198" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_and_Conflict_Studies">Peace and Conflict Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1198" type="text/json">{"id":1198,"name":"Peace and Conflict Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_and_Conflict_Studies?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9251" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transitional_Justice">Transitional Justice</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9251" type="text/json">{"id":9251,"name":"Transitional Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transitional_Justice?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="24048" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_Studies">Peace Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="24048" type="text/json">{"id":24048,"name":"Peace Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_Studies?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="44567" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Peacebuilding_and_Everyday_Priorities">Postconflict Peacebuilding and Everyday Priorities</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="44567" type="text/json">{"id":44567,"name":"Postconflict Peacebuilding and Everyday Priorities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Peacebuilding_and_Everyday_Priorities?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=24628545]'), work: {"id":24628545,"title":"Dealing with the Past in the Western Balkans, edited by Martina Fischer and Ljubinka Petrovic-Ziemer, Berghof Report 18, 2013, Berlin: Berghof Foundation. (Online at www.berghof-foundation.org)","created_at":"2016-04-21T07:38:25.060-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/24628545/Dealing_with_the_Past_in_the_Western_Balkans_edited_by_Martina_Fischer_and_Ljubinka_Petrovic_Ziemer_Berghof_Report_18_2013_Berlin_Berghof_Foundation_Online_at_www_berghof_foundation_org_?f_ri=474467","dom_id":"work_24628545","summary":"This publication is co-edited by Martina Fischer and Ljubinka Petrovic-Ziemer and presents results of the research project “Dealing with the Past and Peacebuilding in the \nWestern Balkans. Studying the interplay of international and local initiatives for Transitional Justice and \nReconciliation in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Serbia and Croatia”. \nThe project was funded by the German Foundation Peace Research in the period March 2010–April 2012. The project was conducted by Martina Fischer and Ljubinka Petrović-Ziemer with contributions by Srđan Dvornik (Zagreb), Katarina Milićević (Belgrade), and Ismet Sejfija (Sarajevo/Tuzla). The study investigates initiatives for reconciliation and “dealing with the past” which were undertaken by international organisations, legal institutions and local civil society actors in response to the wars in \nthe former Yugoslavia in the early 1990s. The coherence of objectives and strategies and their implications \nfor peacebuilding, forms of cooperation and learning experiences, and the political resonance of the \nvarious approaches were a particular focus of interest. The research concentrated on Bosnia-Herzegovina, \nSerbia and Croatia, which are linked by their history of ethnopolitical conflict and are signatory states to \nthe Dayton Peace Agreement (1995), under which they committed to cooperate in order to overcome the \neffects of war. The inter-country case study was carried out with input from local partners from civil society \norganisations and academic institutions. In all, 150 interviews were conducted in 28 municipalities. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44955937,"asset_id":24628545,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33221018,"first_name":"Martina","last_name":"Fischer","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MartinaFischer","display_name":"Martina Fischer","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MartinaFischer?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33221018/12537669/13950836/s65_martina.fischer.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1198,"name":"Peace and Conflict Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_and_Conflict_Studies?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":9251,"name":"Transitional Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transitional_Justice?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":24048,"name":"Peace Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_Studies?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":44567,"name":"Postconflict Peacebuilding and Everyday Priorities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Peacebuilding_and_Everyday_Priorities?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":45578,"name":"Peacebuilding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peacebuilding?f_ri=474467"},{"id":89536,"name":"Western Balkans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_Balkans?f_ri=474467"},{"id":105076,"name":"Transitional justice and reconciliation processes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transitional_justice_and_reconciliation_processes?f_ri=474467"},{"id":474467,"name":"Postconflict Reconstruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Reconstruction?f_ri=474467"},{"id":602719,"name":"Dealing with the Past","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dealing_with_the_Past?f_ri=474467"},{"id":609917,"name":"Postconflict Reconciliation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Reconciliation?f_ri=474467"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11995229 coauthored" data-work_id="11995229" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11995229/LAS_FUERZAS_MILITARES_Y_DE_POLIC%C3%8DA_EN_EL_POSCONFLICTO_ARMADO_FUTUROS_ESCENARIOS_Y_REFORMAS_Libro_Perspectivas_multidimensionales_de_la_paz_en_Colombia">LAS FUERZAS MILITARES Y DE POLICÍA EN EL POSCONFLICTO ARMADO: FUTUROS ESCENARIOS Y REFORMAS. Libro: Perspectivas multidimensionales de la paz en Colombia.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Este artículo analiza la agenda de seguridad colombiana en un eventual escenario de posconflicto armado con el fin de describir las perspectivas de reforma de la naturaleza y el rol de las Fuerzas Armadas y de Policía en dicho contexto.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11995229" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Este artículo analiza la agenda de seguridad colombiana en un eventual escenario de posconflicto armado con el fin de describir las perspectivas de reforma de la naturaleza y el rol de las Fuerzas Armadas y de Policía en dicho contexto. Luego de una aproximación teórica a las reformas del sector seguridad y defensa (RSS), se pasa a la caracterización de un posible escenario de seguridad tras el fin del conflicto armado violento en donde se registrarían las principales reformas y transformaciones de la fuerza pública. Se concluye la necesidad de un mantenimiento operativo <br />y preventivo de las Fuerzas Militares en la etapa de transición y el fortalecimiento y profesionalización de la Policía Nacional para garantizar la protección de los derechos y libertades ciudadanas y la no recurrencia de factores que perpetúen la violencia.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11995229" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="74e8754c0f46563ec0d3c437e651339f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37338511,"asset_id":11995229,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37338511/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5NTAxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="42605065" href="https://ugr.academia.edu/ChristianAlvarezG%C3%B3mez">Christian Alvarez Gómez</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="42605065" type="text/json">{"id":42605065,"first_name":"Christian","last_name":"Alvarez Gómez","domain_name":"ugr","page_name":"ChristianAlvarezGómez","display_name":"Christian Alvarez Gómez","profile_url":"https://ugr.academia.edu/ChristianAlvarezG%C3%B3mez?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/42605065/12766594/14195738/s65_christian.alvarez_g_mez.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-11995229">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-11995229"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://giga-hamburg.academia.edu/VivianaGarc%C3%ADaPinz%C3%B3n">Viviana García Pinzón</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/AlexanderMadrigal2">Alexander Madrigal</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-11995229'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-11995229').html(); 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Libro: Perspectivas multidimensionales de la paz en Colombia.","created_at":"2015-04-17T17:18:53.063-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11995229/LAS_FUERZAS_MILITARES_Y_DE_POLIC%C3%8DA_EN_EL_POSCONFLICTO_ARMADO_FUTUROS_ESCENARIOS_Y_REFORMAS_Libro_Perspectivas_multidimensionales_de_la_paz_en_Colombia?f_ri=474467","dom_id":"work_11995229","summary":"Este artículo analiza la agenda de seguridad colombiana en un eventual escenario de posconflicto armado con el fin de describir las perspectivas de reforma de la naturaleza y el rol de las Fuerzas Armadas y de Policía en dicho contexto. Luego de una aproximación teórica a las reformas del sector seguridad y defensa (RSS), se pasa a la caracterización de un posible escenario de seguridad tras el fin del conflicto armado violento en donde se registrarían las principales reformas y transformaciones de la fuerza pública. Se concluye la necesidad de un mantenimiento operativo\r\ny preventivo de las Fuerzas Militares en la etapa de transición y el fortalecimiento y profesionalización de la Policía Nacional para garantizar la protección de los derechos y libertades ciudadanas y la no recurrencia de factores que perpetúen la violencia.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37338511,"asset_id":11995229,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":42605065,"first_name":"Christian","last_name":"Alvarez Gómez","domain_name":"ugr","page_name":"ChristianAlvarezGómez","display_name":"Christian Alvarez Gómez","profile_url":"https://ugr.academia.edu/ChristianAlvarezG%C3%B3mez?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/42605065/12766594/14195738/s65_christian.alvarez_g_mez.jpg"},{"id":6593107,"first_name":"Viviana","last_name":"García Pinzón","domain_name":"giga-hamburg","page_name":"VivianaGarcíaPinzón","display_name":"Viviana García Pinzón","profile_url":"https://giga-hamburg.academia.edu/VivianaGarc%C3%ADaPinz%C3%B3n?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6593107/3055120/15534481/s65_viviana.garc_a_pinz_n.jpeg"},{"id":51454879,"first_name":"Alexander","last_name":"Madrigal","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AlexanderMadrigal2","display_name":"Alexander Madrigal","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AlexanderMadrigal2?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/51454879/172470170/162473580/s65_alexander.madrigal.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3261,"name":"Colombia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colombia?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":12939,"name":"Armed Conflict","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Armed_Conflict?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":30840,"name":"Security sector Reform","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Security_sector_Reform?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":44617,"name":"Armed Forces","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Armed_Forces?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":57845,"name":"Defence and Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Defence_and_Security?f_ri=474467"},{"id":266796,"name":"Seguridad Y Defensa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seguridad_Y_Defensa?f_ri=474467"},{"id":366590,"name":"Security Sector Reform/Security Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Security_Sector_Reform_Security_Governance?f_ri=474467"},{"id":474467,"name":"Postconflict Reconstruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Reconstruction?f_ri=474467"},{"id":878538,"name":"Proceso De Paz En Colombia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Proceso_De_Paz_En_Colombia?f_ri=474467"},{"id":1194299,"name":"Postconflicto Colombiano","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflicto_Colombiano?f_ri=474467"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8299516" data-work_id="8299516" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8299516/Reconciliation_in_Post_Conflict_Sri_Lanka_An_Inside_Perspective_of_War_Affected_Women">Reconciliation in Post-Conflict Sri Lanka: An Inside Perspective of War Affected Women</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Less than four years have passed since the end of the Sri Lankan ‘ethnic conflict’. Despite the efforts of third parties to shove a diplomatic end to the conflict, the ground on which today Sri Lanka struggles to maintain a fragile peace... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8299516" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Less than four years have passed since the end of the Sri Lankan<br />‘ethnic conflict’. Despite the efforts of third parties to shove a<br />diplomatic end to the conflict, the ground on which today Sri Lanka<br />struggles to maintain a fragile peace is a context of brutal military<br />victory and the widespread extermination of the LTTE leadership.<br />Since the end of the war, different ways to deal with the past have<br />been discussed. ‘Reconciliation’ has become the buzzword that<br />dominates the public debates. The three decades of war and the<br />aftermath have had a tremendous impact on women, in the<br />modification of gender roles in Sri Lanka; a continued back and<br />forward in terms of emancipation. In spite of their historical effort to<br />equally contribute to the decision-making process, women continue<br />to be left out. The post-conflict environment has exacerbated the<br />conditions particularly for those women who have been affected by<br />war. This circumstance has directed me towards the formulation of<br />the following research question: What are Sri Lankan war affected<br />women’s perceptions on post-conflict reconciliation and how do they<br />portray themselves throughout this process? This thesis is focused –<br />but not limited to –answering this question. In order to do so, this<br />text has been structured in three main chapters which entail: a<br />theoretical anthropological discussion on reconciliation; a<br />description of the post-conflict situation in Sri Lanka and the roles<br />developed by women throughout the conflict; and a final<br />analysis for which field research in Sri Lanka has been conducted.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8299516" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ea883b61d5c413fcac95f2536d722657" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34709681,"asset_id":8299516,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34709681/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5NTAxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="16503463" href="https://kuleuven.academia.edu/SophiaHernandez">Sophia Hernandez</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="16503463" type="text/json">{"id":16503463,"first_name":"Sophia","last_name":"Hernandez","domain_name":"kuleuven","page_name":"SophiaHernandez","display_name":"Sophia Hernandez","profile_url":"https://kuleuven.academia.edu/SophiaHernandez?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/16503463/4500746/5212429/s65_sophia.hernandez.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8299516 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8299516"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8299516, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8299516", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8299516]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_8299516").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_8299516").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="8299516"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="977" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies">Development Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="977" type="text/json">{"id":977,"name":"Development Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3472" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Anthropology">Political Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3472" type="text/json">{"id":3472,"name":"Political Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Anthropology?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="29273" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reconciliation">Reconciliation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="29273" type="text/json">{"id":29273,"name":"Reconciliation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reconciliation?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="49663" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Women_and_Gender_Studies">Women and Gender Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="49663" type="text/json">{"id":49663,"name":"Women and Gender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Women_and_Gender_Studies?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=8299516]'), work: {"id":8299516,"title":"Reconciliation in Post-Conflict Sri Lanka: An Inside Perspective of War Affected Women","created_at":"2014-09-12T02:59:01.920-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/8299516/Reconciliation_in_Post_Conflict_Sri_Lanka_An_Inside_Perspective_of_War_Affected_Women?f_ri=474467","dom_id":"work_8299516","summary":"Less than four years have passed since the end of the Sri Lankan\n‘ethnic conflict’. Despite the efforts of third parties to shove a\ndiplomatic end to the conflict, the ground on which today Sri Lanka\nstruggles to maintain a fragile peace is a context of brutal military\nvictory and the widespread extermination of the LTTE leadership.\nSince the end of the war, different ways to deal with the past have\nbeen discussed. ‘Reconciliation’ has become the buzzword that\ndominates the public debates. The three decades of war and the\naftermath have had a tremendous impact on women, in the\nmodification of gender roles in Sri Lanka; a continued back and\nforward in terms of emancipation. In spite of their historical effort to\nequally contribute to the decision-making process, women continue\nto be left out. The post-conflict environment has exacerbated the\nconditions particularly for those women who have been affected by\nwar. This circumstance has directed me towards the formulation of\nthe following research question: What are Sri Lankan war affected\nwomen’s perceptions on post-conflict reconciliation and how do they\nportray themselves throughout this process? This thesis is focused –\nbut not limited to –answering this question. In order to do so, this\ntext has been structured in three main chapters which entail: a\ntheoretical anthropological discussion on reconciliation; a\ndescription of the post-conflict situation in Sri Lanka and the roles\ndeveloped by women throughout the conflict; and a final\nanalysis for which field research in Sri Lanka has been conducted.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34709681,"asset_id":8299516,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":16503463,"first_name":"Sophia","last_name":"Hernandez","domain_name":"kuleuven","page_name":"SophiaHernandez","display_name":"Sophia Hernandez","profile_url":"https://kuleuven.academia.edu/SophiaHernandez?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/16503463/4500746/5212429/s65_sophia.hernandez.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":977,"name":"Development Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":3472,"name":"Political Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Anthropology?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":29273,"name":"Reconciliation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reconciliation?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":49663,"name":"Women and Gender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Women_and_Gender_Studies?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":474467,"name":"Postconflict Reconstruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Reconstruction?f_ri=474467"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24662412" data-work_id="24662412" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24662412/Building_Peace_in_the_Absence_of_States_Challenging_the_Discourse_on_State_Failure_edited_by_Martina_Fischer_and_Beatrix_Austin_Berghof_Handbook_Dialogue_8_2009_Berlin_Berghof_Research_Centre_Online_at_www_berghof_foundation_org_">Building Peace in the Absence of States: Challenging the Discourse on State Failure, edited by Martina Fischer and Beatrix Austin, Berghof Handbook Dialogue 8, 2009, Berlin: Berghof Research Centre. (Online at www.berghof-foundation.org)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Scholars and practitioners discuss options for peace work and conflict transformation in situations where state institutions are absent or dysfunctional. The lead article discusses the concept of hybridity and investigates its relevance... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_24662412" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Scholars and practitioners discuss options for peace work and conflict transformation in situations where state institutions are absent or dysfunctional. The lead article discusses the concept of hybridity and investigates its relevance for shifting the perspective on global conflicts.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24662412" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="969f5dad777211c10e9baea7b19485ea" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44989339,"asset_id":24662412,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44989339/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5NTAxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33221018" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MartinaFischer">Martina Fischer</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33221018" type="text/json">{"id":33221018,"first_name":"Martina","last_name":"Fischer","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MartinaFischer","display_name":"Martina Fischer","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MartinaFischer?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33221018/12537669/13950836/s65_martina.fischer.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24662412 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="24662412"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24662412, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_24662412", }); 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Individual and Social Approaches to Healing and Dealing with the Past, edited by Beatrix Austin and Martina Fischer, Berghof Handbook Dialogue 11, 2016. Berlin: Berghof Foundation. (Online at www.berghof-foundation.org)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Berghof Handbook Dialogue Series No 11, edited by Beatrix Austin and Martina Fischer, with contributions by Brandon Hamber, Olivera Simic, David Becker, Undine Whande and Andrea Zemskov-Züge. The Dialogue Series is an offshoot of the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_24627878" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Berghof Handbook Dialogue Series No 11, edited by Beatrix Austin and Martina Fischer, with contributions by Brandon Hamber, Olivera Simic, David Becker, Undine Whande and Andrea Zemskov-Züge. The Dialogue Series is an offshoot of the Berghof Handbook for Conflict Transformation. Each topic in the series is chosen because it is particularly relevant to societies in conflict and the practice of conflict transformation, and because it raises important issues at the present time. In each Dialogue, practitioners and scholars critically engage and debate in light of their experience. Typically, a Dialogue includes one lead article from key experts, and several commentaries from practitioners and others. Rather than presenting a single analysis, these practitioner-scholar encounters stimulate debate, integrating different perspectives, challenging prevailing views and comparing research findings with experiences and insights on the ground. Importantly, Dialogues, as works of broad relevance, are distributed in print version as well as online. We invite readers to respond to the papers (as to all articles). 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Individual and Social Approaches to Healing and Dealing with the Past, edited by Beatrix Austin and Martina Fischer, Berghof Handbook Dialogue 11, 2016. Berlin: Berghof Foundation. (Online at www.berghof-foundation.org)","created_at":"2016-04-21T07:16:52.012-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/24627878/Transforming_War_Related_Identities_Individual_and_Social_Approaches_to_Healing_and_Dealing_with_the_Past_edited_by_Beatrix_Austin_and_Martina_Fischer_Berghof_Handbook_Dialogue_11_2016_Berlin_Berghof_Foundation_Online_at_www_berghof_foundation_org_?f_ri=474467","dom_id":"work_24627878","summary":"Berghof Handbook Dialogue Series No 11, edited by Beatrix Austin and Martina Fischer, with contributions by Brandon Hamber, Olivera Simic, David Becker, Undine Whande and Andrea Zemskov-Züge. The Dialogue Series is an offshoot of the Berghof Handbook for Conflict Transformation. Each topic in the series is chosen because it is particularly relevant to societies in conflict and the practice of conflict transformation, and because it raises important issues at the present time. In each Dialogue, practitioners and scholars critically engage and debate in light of their experience. Typically, a Dialogue includes one lead article from key experts, and several commentaries from practitioners and others. Rather than presenting a single analysis, these practitioner-scholar encounters stimulate debate, integrating different perspectives, challenging prevailing views and comparing research findings with experiences and insights on the ground. Importantly, Dialogues, as works of broad relevance, are distributed in print version as well as online. We invite readers to respond to the papers (as to all articles). Interesting and original contributions can be added to the web version of the Dialogue.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44955399,"asset_id":24627878,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33221018,"first_name":"Martina","last_name":"Fischer","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MartinaFischer","display_name":"Martina Fischer","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MartinaFischer?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33221018/12537669/13950836/s65_martina.fischer.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":248,"name":"Social Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Psychology?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":1198,"name":"Peace and Conflict Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_and_Conflict_Studies?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":3164,"name":"Traumatic Stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traumatic_Stress?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":6106,"name":"Trauma Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trauma_Studies?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":9251,"name":"Transitional Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transitional_Justice?f_ri=474467"},{"id":13614,"name":"Conflict Resolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conflict_Resolution?f_ri=474467"},{"id":44567,"name":"Postconflict Peacebuilding and Everyday Priorities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Peacebuilding_and_Everyday_Priorities?f_ri=474467"},{"id":45578,"name":"Peacebuilding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peacebuilding?f_ri=474467"},{"id":474467,"name":"Postconflict Reconstruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Reconstruction?f_ri=474467"},{"id":609917,"name":"Postconflict Reconciliation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Reconciliation?f_ri=474467"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35537349" data-work_id="35537349" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35537349/Indebted_The_Cruel_Optimism_of_Leaning_In_to_Empowerment">Indebted: The Cruel Optimism of Leaning-In to Empowerment</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Lauren Berlant argues that one dimension of the cruelty of life under late capitalism, is that we get attached to a cluster of promises regarding the good life that are generated by and embedded in conditions that are already not working.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35537349" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Lauren Berlant argues that one dimension of the cruelty of life under late capitalism, is that we get attached to a cluster of promises regarding the good life that are generated by and embedded in conditions that are already not working. Thus, we get attached to the very conditions that defeat the fulfillment of those promises. This seems a particularly acute characterization of the structural function of financial debt for the economically vulnerable. Access to credit seduces with cruel optimism – it is intertwined with a cluster of promises regarding the good life while this attachment to living on credit is embedded in conditions of economic dystopia that are precarious and unsustainable. The affective structure of " empowerment " in enabling, even easing, access to credit precisely for those most financially vulnerable produces cruel optimism. Within feminist development economics, empowerment is an agential, participatory vision that shapes development policy, at once legitimizing that policy and producing crisis ordinariness in its subjects. This chapter probes the work done by the promise of women's empowerment in post-conflict environments. It focuses particularly on the empowerment programs of international financial institutions and development agencies in the arena of market-oriented post-conflict economic development.  In these contexts, interventions that seek to advance empowerment by enhancing women’s access to credit, property title and entrepreneurship have been significant elements of the development policy apparatus. This paper is interested in how particular feminist ideas about the empowerment of women became part of the knowledge apparatus of institutions shaping economic governance in post-conflict environments – and, concomitantly, how those ideas traveled into policies and processes that had far reaching effects on the ground – although not necessarily effects that were intended or anticipated.  This chapter looks at the coming together of feminism and international development in projects advancing women’s integration into the private sector in conflict/post-conflict environments. It does this partly by looking at how empowerment emerged as a nodal point for feminist development policy, and partly by looking at how one large-scale multi-donor development project (in collaboration with the UN and the Sri Lankan government), the Owner Driven Housing Assistance (ODHA) program, has interfaced with debt regimes in post-conflict Sri Lanka. The Sri Lankan example draws attention to the striking tension between GF’s success in shaping policy (in the name of empowerment) on the one hand, and the exacerbation of women (and men’s) economic vulnerability (through those very policies) on the other. Moreover, as these policies get normalized into mainstream development policy, the precarity engendered by the legacies of conflict, and exacerbated by hegemonic development policy, becomes a constant; contexts where the development policy apparatus legitimates itself by contrasting its promises with the precarity of war. When ‘crisis’ becomes ‘ordinary’ in this way, these enabling conditions also become more difficult to challenge – indeed this normalization of precarity makes it more difficult to imagine an alternative ‘ordinary’. Cruel Optimism.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35537349" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e580b11170c9e310eaaf31b6184e6dca" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55402910,"asset_id":35537349,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55402910/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5NTAxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="11711924" href="https://nyu.academia.edu/VasukiNesiah">Vasuki Nesiah</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="11711924" type="text/json">{"id":11711924,"first_name":"Vasuki","last_name":"Nesiah","domain_name":"nyu","page_name":"VasukiNesiah","display_name":"Vasuki Nesiah","profile_url":"https://nyu.academia.edu/VasukiNesiah?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11711924/3376643/3973331/s65_vasuki.nesiah.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35537349 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35537349"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35537349, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35537349", }); 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Thus, we get attached to the very conditions that defeat the fulfillment of those promises. This seems a particularly acute characterization of the structural function of financial debt for the economically vulnerable. Access to credit seduces with cruel optimism – it is intertwined with a cluster of promises regarding the good life while this attachment to living on credit is embedded in conditions of economic dystopia that are precarious and unsustainable. The affective structure of \" empowerment \" in enabling, even easing, access to credit precisely for those most financially vulnerable produces cruel optimism. Within feminist development economics, empowerment is an agential, participatory vision that shapes development policy, at once legitimizing that policy and producing crisis ordinariness in its subjects. This chapter probes the work done by the promise of women's empowerment in post-conflict environments. It focuses particularly on the empowerment programs of international financial institutions and development agencies in the arena of market-oriented post-conflict economic development. In these contexts, interventions that seek to advance empowerment by enhancing women’s access to credit, property title and entrepreneurship have been significant elements of the development policy apparatus. This paper is interested in how particular feminist ideas about the empowerment of women became part of the knowledge apparatus of institutions shaping economic governance in post-conflict environments – and, concomitantly, how those ideas traveled into policies and processes that had far reaching effects on the ground – although not necessarily effects that were intended or anticipated. This chapter looks at the coming together of feminism and international development in projects advancing women’s integration into the private sector in conflict/post-conflict environments. It does this partly by looking at how empowerment emerged as a nodal point for feminist development policy, and partly by looking at how one large-scale multi-donor development project (in collaboration with the UN and the Sri Lankan government), the Owner Driven Housing Assistance (ODHA) program, has interfaced with debt regimes in post-conflict Sri Lanka. The Sri Lankan example draws attention to the striking tension between GF’s success in shaping policy (in the name of empowerment) on the one hand, and the exacerbation of women (and men’s) economic vulnerability (through those very policies) on the other. Moreover, as these policies get normalized into mainstream development policy, the precarity engendered by the legacies of conflict, and exacerbated by hegemonic development policy, becomes a constant; contexts where the development policy apparatus legitimates itself by contrasting its promises with the precarity of war. When ‘crisis’ becomes ‘ordinary’ in this way, these enabling conditions also become more difficult to challenge – indeed this normalization of precarity makes it more difficult to imagine an alternative ‘ordinary’. Cruel Optimism.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55402910,"asset_id":35537349,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":11711924,"first_name":"Vasuki","last_name":"Nesiah","domain_name":"nyu","page_name":"VasukiNesiah","display_name":"Vasuki Nesiah","profile_url":"https://nyu.academia.edu/VasukiNesiah?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11711924/3376643/3973331/s65_vasuki.nesiah.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":727,"name":"Development Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Economics?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":977,"name":"Development Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":1192,"name":"Feminist 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})();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10296009" data-work_id="10296009" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10296009/Failing_to_Deal_with_the_Past_What_Cost_to_Lebanon">Failing to Deal with the Past: What Cost to Lebanon?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">ICTJ analytical study with Roxane Cassehgari on Transitional Justice in Lebanon (Prosecutions, Truth and Memory, Reparation, Institutional Reform)</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lebanon">Lebanon</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6736" type="text/json">{"id":6736,"name":"Lebanon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lebanon?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10296009]'), work: {"id":10296009,"title":"Failing to Deal with the Past: What Cost to Lebanon?","created_at":"2015-01-23T03:50:56.685-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/10296009/Failing_to_Deal_with_the_Past_What_Cost_to_Lebanon?f_ri=474467","dom_id":"work_10296009","summary":"ICTJ analytical study with Roxane Cassehgari on Transitional Justice in Lebanon (Prosecutions, Truth and Memory, Reparation, Institutional 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System </a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">This draft paper provides a very brief discussion on the reserved seats quota system for women in Afghanistan.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11263188" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="903dd398e0be35c59452c4587d80d1a0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36855735,"asset_id":11263188,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm 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Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11263188]'), work: {"id":11263188,"title":"Afghan Women’s Representation in Politics: Implementing the Reserved Seats Quota System ","created_at":"2015-03-04T07:13:44.938-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11263188/Afghan_Women_s_Representation_in_Politics_Implementing_the_Reserved_Seats_Quota_System?f_ri=474467","dom_id":"work_11263188","summary":"This draft paper provides a very brief discussion on the reserved seats quota system for women in Afghanistan.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36855735,"asset_id":11263188,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":973591,"first_name":"Epifania","last_name":"Amoo-Adare","domain_name":"zef","page_name":"EpifaniaAmooAdare","display_name":"Epifania Amoo-Adare","profile_url":"https://zef.academia.edu/EpifaniaAmooAdare?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/973591/2646643/36117881/s65_epifania.amoo-adare.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2585,"name":"International Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Development?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":5357,"name":"Afghanistan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Afghanistan?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":13518,"name":"Gender and Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_and_Development?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":474467,"name":"Postconflict Reconstruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Reconstruction?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35812139" data-work_id="35812139" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35812139/Tools_for_conflict_analysis">Tools for conflict analysis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Conflict analysis is the systematic study of the causes, actors, and dynamics of conflict. Any method of conflict analysis must apply a socio-cultural approach to understand of the dynamics, structure, social networks and the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35812139" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Conflict analysis is the systematic study of the causes, actors, and dynamics of conflict. Any method of conflict analysis must apply a socio-cultural approach to understand of the dynamics, structure, social networks and the relationships between the society and  territory of the conflict. <br /><br />This paper reviews some methods for the assessment and analysis of  conflicts, emphasizing the importance of the socio-cultural information  obtaining stage.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35812139" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c4344acf497dea8e9f9df16aba6fd16e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55689075,"asset_id":35812139,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55689075/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5NTAxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="44335766" href="https://ucm.academia.edu/javierdecarlos">Javier de Carlos Izquierdo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="44335766" type="text/json">{"id":44335766,"first_name":"Javier","last_name":"de Carlos Izquierdo","domain_name":"ucm","page_name":"javierdecarlos","display_name":"Javier de Carlos Izquierdo","profile_url":"https://ucm.academia.edu/javierdecarlos?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/44335766/11808296/19536748/s65_javier.de_carlos_izquierdo.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35812139 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35812139"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35812139, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35812139", }); 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Any method of conflict analysis must apply a socio-cultural approach to understand of the dynamics, structure, social networks and the relationships between the society and territory of the conflict. \n\nThis paper reviews some methods for the assessment and analysis of conflicts, emphasizing the importance of the socio-cultural information obtaining stage.\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55689075,"asset_id":35812139,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":44335766,"first_name":"Javier","last_name":"de Carlos Izquierdo","domain_name":"ucm","page_name":"javierdecarlos","display_name":"Javier de Carlos Izquierdo","profile_url":"https://ucm.academia.edu/javierdecarlos?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/44335766/11808296/19536748/s65_javier.de_carlos_izquierdo.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":570,"name":"Military 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href="https://www.academia.edu/37068308/Francisco_Javier_Lozano_Mart%C3%ADnez_Desplazados_por_violencia_en_asentamientos_humanos_de_Huanta_y_Lima_Per%C3%BA_Guadalajara_Universidad_de_Guadalajara_2014_Rese%C3%B1a">Francisco Javier Lozano Martínez. Desplazados por violencia en asentamientos humanos de Huanta y Lima, Perú (Guadalajara: Universidad de Guadalajara, 2014). Reseña.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Se calcula que el conflicto armado peruano habría producido alrededor de 600 mil personas desplazadas: gente que abandonó el lugar en el que residía debido fundamentalmente a la existencia de amenazas a su seguridad. Con el paso de los... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37068308" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Se calcula que el conflicto armado peruano habría producido alrededor de 600 mil personas desplazadas: gente que abandonó el lugar en el que residía debido fundamentalmente a la existencia de amenazas a su seguridad. Con el paso de los años y conforme el conflicto menguaba, un sector significativo, los llamados “retornantes”, volvieron a las comunidades en las que vivían al momento de desplazarse. Otro sector, igualmente grande, optó por quedarse en las ciudades y no regresar. Es en este segmento que se centra la investigación de Lozano Martínez, que estudia a dos grupos de desplazados residentes en las ciudades de Lima y Huanta respectivamente.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37068308" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="811d87ce2d354143218bb24a7d8445e2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57019449,"asset_id":37068308,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57019449/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5NTAxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2106957" href="https://uniandes.academia.edu/IvanAndresRam%C3%ADrezZapata">Ivan Andres Ramírez Zapata</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2106957" type="text/json">{"id":2106957,"first_name":"Ivan Andres","last_name":"Ramírez Zapata","domain_name":"uniandes","page_name":"IvanAndresRamírezZapata","display_name":"Ivan Andres Ramírez Zapata","profile_url":"https://uniandes.academia.edu/IvanAndresRam%C3%ADrezZapata?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2106957/685670/28796896/s65_ivan_andres.ram_rez_zapata.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37068308 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37068308"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37068308, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37068308", }); 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Desplazados por violencia en asentamientos humanos de Huanta y Lima, Perú (Guadalajara: Universidad de Guadalajara, 2014). Reseña.","created_at":"2018-07-17T22:21:24.744-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37068308/Francisco_Javier_Lozano_Mart%C3%ADnez_Desplazados_por_violencia_en_asentamientos_humanos_de_Huanta_y_Lima_Per%C3%BA_Guadalajara_Universidad_de_Guadalajara_2014_Rese%C3%B1a?f_ri=474467","dom_id":"work_37068308","summary":"Se calcula que el conflicto armado peruano habría producido alrededor de 600 mil personas desplazadas: gente que abandonó el lugar en el que residía debido fundamentalmente a la existencia de amenazas a su seguridad. Con el paso de los años y conforme el conflicto menguaba, un sector significativo, los llamados “retornantes”, volvieron a las comunidades en las que vivían al momento de desplazarse. Otro sector, igualmente grande, optó por quedarse en las ciudades y no regresar. Es en este segmento que se centra la investigación de Lozano Martínez, que estudia a dos grupos de desplazados residentes en las ciudades de Lima y Huanta respectivamente.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57019449,"asset_id":37068308,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2106957,"first_name":"Ivan Andres","last_name":"Ramírez Zapata","domain_name":"uniandes","page_name":"IvanAndresRamírezZapata","display_name":"Ivan Andres Ramírez Zapata","profile_url":"https://uniandes.academia.edu/IvanAndresRam%C3%ADrezZapata?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2106957/685670/28796896/s65_ivan_andres.ram_rez_zapata.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2592,"name":"Human Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":5686,"name":"Political Violence and Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence_and_Terrorism?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":161968,"name":"Displacement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Displacement?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":474467,"name":"Postconflict Reconstruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Reconstruction?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36197839" data-work_id="36197839" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36197839/A_estrat%C3%A9gia_pol%C3%ADtica_de_reconstru%C3%A7%C3%A3o_e_a_normatividade_post_bellum_emergente_O_caso_da_participa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_portuguesa_no_ISAF_Afeganist%C3%A3o_2002_2011_publ_2011_in_Conflictos_Armados_Gesti%C3%B3n_Posconflicto_y_Reconstrucci%C3%B3n_477_515_Studia_Iuridica_Santiago_de_Compostela_vers_Word_2011_docx">A estratégia política de reconstrução e a normatividade post bellum emergente. 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2009. Active citizenship or passive clientelism? Accountability and development in Solomon Islands. 2009. Development in Practice 19(8): 964-980</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Active citizenship and participatory community-development approaches have evolved partly in response to perceived aid-dependency among rural communities. In Solomon Islands these methods have met with mixed success. This article reflects... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5367012" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Active citizenship and participatory community-development approaches have evolved partly in response to perceived aid-dependency among rural communities. In Solomon Islands these methods have met with mixed success. This article reflects on the frustration often felt by local and international development workers when working with rural communities. It questions some of the assumptions that shape the way in which development workers and programmes understand the types of community which make up Solomon Islands.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5367012" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="090fd7a94c90eafdb8683a3159fa14fe" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33460872,"asset_id":5367012,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33460872/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5NTAxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1300997" href="https://unimelb.academia.edu/JohnCox">John Cox</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1300997" type="text/json">{"id":1300997,"first_name":"John","last_name":"Cox","domain_name":"unimelb","page_name":"JohnCox","display_name":"John Cox","profile_url":"https://unimelb.academia.edu/JohnCox?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1300997/2803250/3269280/s65_john.cox.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5367012 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5367012"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5367012, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5367012", }); 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Active citizenship or passive clientelism? Accountability and development in Solomon Islands. 2009. Development in Practice 19(8): 964-980","created_at":"2013-12-09T10:25:17.207-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5367012/Cox_J_2009_Active_citizenship_or_passive_clientelism_Accountability_and_development_in_Solomon_Islands_2009_Development_in_Practice_19_8_964_980?f_ri=474467","dom_id":"work_5367012","summary":"Active citizenship and participatory community-development approaches have evolved partly in response to perceived aid-dependency among rural communities. In Solomon Islands these methods have met with mixed success. This article reflects on the frustration often felt by local and international development workers when working with rural communities. It questions some of the assumptions that shape the way in which development workers and programmes understand the types of community which make up Solomon Islands.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33460872,"asset_id":5367012,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1300997,"first_name":"John","last_name":"Cox","domain_name":"unimelb","page_name":"JohnCox","display_name":"John Cox","profile_url":"https://unimelb.academia.edu/JohnCox?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1300997/2803250/3269280/s65_john.cox.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":796,"name":"Comparative Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Politics?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":954,"name":"Social 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href="https://www.academia.edu/44493343/Legislative_Reform_in_Post_Conflict_Settings_A_Practitioners_View">Legislative Reform in Post-Conflict Settings A Practitioner's View</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Following conflict, considerable effort is often dedicated to legislative reform. This effort includes not only domestic actors but also international actors frequently acting with the aim of establishing the rule of law. This article... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44493343" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Following conflict, considerable effort is often dedicated to legislative reform. This effort includes not only domestic actors but also international actors frequently acting with the aim of establishing the rule of law. This article seeks, first, to provide some context for legislative reform in post-conflict settings and outline some of the criticisms that have been made. Drawing on the work of legislative experts, the article then identifies some of the simple questions that those involved in legislative reform ask and discusses some of the key challenges in answering them. The article suggests that establishing the rule of law is more than putting laws 'on the books' and that the way in which legislation is created may itself contribute to developing the rule of law. It suggests that as the rule-of-law community develops new approaches, it might find it useful to draw on the approach of legislative experts and their concern with how effective legislation is created.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44493343" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6c8efd0de49c917110722a53f8ab9e5f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64926828,"asset_id":44493343,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64926828/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5NTAxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="20234764" href="https://usal.academia.edu/NathaliaBerkowitz">Nathalia Berkowitz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="20234764" type="text/json">{"id":20234764,"first_name":"Nathalia","last_name":"Berkowitz","domain_name":"usal","page_name":"NathaliaBerkowitz","display_name":"Nathalia Berkowitz","profile_url":"https://usal.academia.edu/NathaliaBerkowitz?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/20234764/49391831/37365370/s65_nathalia.berkowitz.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44493343 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44493343"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44493343, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44493343", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_44493343 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44493343; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_44493343"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_44493343 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44493343"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44493343; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44493343]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44493343").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44493343").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44493343"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1198" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_and_Conflict_Studies">Peace and Conflict Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1198" type="text/json">{"id":1198,"name":"Peace and Conflict Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_and_Conflict_Studies?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9251" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transitional_Justice">Transitional Justice</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9251" type="text/json">{"id":9251,"name":"Transitional Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transitional_Justice?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12008" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legislative_Drafting">Legislative Drafting</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12008" type="text/json">{"id":12008,"name":"Legislative Drafting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legislative_Drafting?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37662" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legislative_Studies">Legislative Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="37662" type="text/json">{"id":37662,"name":"Legislative Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legislative_Studies?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44493343]'), work: {"id":44493343,"title":"Legislative Reform in Post-Conflict Settings A Practitioner's View","created_at":"2020-11-13T07:19:22.891-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44493343/Legislative_Reform_in_Post_Conflict_Settings_A_Practitioners_View?f_ri=474467","dom_id":"work_44493343","summary":"Following conflict, considerable effort is often dedicated to legislative reform. This effort includes not only domestic actors but also international actors frequently acting with the aim of establishing the rule of law. This article seeks, first, to provide some context for legislative reform in post-conflict settings and outline some of the criticisms that have been made. Drawing on the work of legislative experts, the article then identifies some of the simple questions that those involved in legislative reform ask and discusses some of the key challenges in answering them. The article suggests that establishing the rule of law is more than putting laws 'on the books' and that the way in which legislation is created may itself contribute to developing the rule of law. It suggests that as the rule-of-law community develops new approaches, it might find it useful to draw on the approach of legislative experts and their concern with how effective legislation is created.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64926828,"asset_id":44493343,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":20234764,"first_name":"Nathalia","last_name":"Berkowitz","domain_name":"usal","page_name":"NathaliaBerkowitz","display_name":"Nathalia Berkowitz","profile_url":"https://usal.academia.edu/NathaliaBerkowitz?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/20234764/49391831/37365370/s65_nathalia.berkowitz.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1198,"name":"Peace and Conflict Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_and_Conflict_Studies?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":9251,"name":"Transitional Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transitional_Justice?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":12008,"name":"Legislative Drafting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legislative_Drafting?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":37662,"name":"Legislative Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legislative_Studies?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":84698,"name":"Legislative","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legislative?f_ri=474467"},{"id":111366,"name":"Law reform","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_reform?f_ri=474467"},{"id":280375,"name":"Postconflict Stuides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Stuides?f_ri=474467"},{"id":474467,"name":"Postconflict Reconstruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Reconstruction?f_ri=474467"},{"id":1005053,"name":"Postconflict","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict?f_ri=474467"},{"id":1692653,"name":"Postconflict society","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_society?f_ri=474467"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_26603281 coauthored" data-work_id="26603281" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26603281/De_Radicalising_Prisoners_in_Nigeria_Developing_a_Basic_Prison_based_De_radicalisation_Programme">De-Radicalising Prisoners in Nigeria: Developing a Basic Prison based De-radicalisation Programme</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Nigerian Counter Terrorism Strategy recognised that force alone was not enough to combat violent extremist elements in Nigeria and that a multi-faceted approach was required to counter the threat of violent extremism. The Office of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_26603281" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Nigerian Counter Terrorism Strategy recognised that force alone was not enough to combat violent extremist elements in Nigeria and that a multi-faceted approach was required to counter the threat of violent extremism. The Office of the National Security Advisor (ONSA) was tasked with developing an ambitious countering violent extremism (CVE) programme consisting of three elements: community-based counter radicalisation; strategic communications; and de-radicalisation. The de-radicalisation element of the CVE programme included establishing a prison based de-radicalisation programme for sentenced and pre-trial prisoners. The challenge facing ONSA and the Nigerian Prisons Service (NPS) in setting up the de-radicalisation programme was considerable. Prison conditions were basic; there were no existing offending behaviour programmes on which to build; risk assessment was rudimentary and focussed on escape risk; awareness among staff at all levels of de-radicalisation programmes, their content and how they should be managed, was minimal; specialist staff were in short supply and had no training in running interventions; and resources, both physical and financial, were limited. This paper sets out how ONSA and NPS went about establishing the de-radicalisation programme and describes key elements of that programme, including: creating a supportive operating environment; risk and needs assessment; types of intervention; and programme management and staffing. It highlights the challenges and lessons that can be drawn from the operation of the programme during its first 18 months, which will be of particular interest to low resource, post-conflict and fragile states that are seeking to establish their own basic de-radicalisation programmes.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26603281" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="49a55413f6f81422128761189e16e782" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46890096,"asset_id":26603281,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46890096/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5NTAxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3382896" href="https://soas.academia.edu/AttaBarkindo">Atta Barkindo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3382896" type="text/json">{"id":3382896,"first_name":"Atta","last_name":"Barkindo","domain_name":"soas","page_name":"AttaBarkindo","display_name":"Atta Barkindo","profile_url":"https://soas.academia.edu/AttaBarkindo?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3382896/1140761/1429111/s65_atta.barkindo.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-26603281">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-26603281"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/DrShaneBryans">Dr. Shane Bryans</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-26603281'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-26603281').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_26603281 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="26603281"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26603281, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_26603281", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_26603281 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26603281; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_26603281"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_26603281 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26603281"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26603281; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26603281]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_26603281").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_26603281").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="26603281"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="283482" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Counter_Terrorism_Community_Engagement_Deradicalisation">Counter Terrorism, Community Engagement, Deradicalisation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="283482" type="text/json">{"id":283482,"name":"Counter Terrorism, Community Engagement, Deradicalisation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Counter_Terrorism_Community_Engagement_Deradicalisation?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="474467" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Reconstruction">Postconflict Reconstruction</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="474467" type="text/json">{"id":474467,"name":"Postconflict Reconstruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Reconstruction?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=26603281]'), work: {"id":26603281,"title":"De-Radicalising Prisoners in Nigeria: Developing a Basic Prison based De-radicalisation Programme","created_at":"2016-06-29T09:07:07.982-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/26603281/De_Radicalising_Prisoners_in_Nigeria_Developing_a_Basic_Prison_based_De_radicalisation_Programme?f_ri=474467","dom_id":"work_26603281","summary":"The Nigerian Counter Terrorism Strategy recognised that force alone was not enough to combat violent extremist elements in Nigeria and that a multi-faceted approach was required to counter the threat of violent extremism. The Office of the National Security Advisor (ONSA) was tasked with developing an ambitious countering violent extremism (CVE) programme consisting of three elements: community-based counter radicalisation; strategic communications; and de-radicalisation. The de-radicalisation element of the CVE programme included establishing a prison based de-radicalisation programme for sentenced and pre-trial prisoners. The challenge facing ONSA and the Nigerian Prisons Service (NPS) in setting up the de-radicalisation programme was considerable. Prison conditions were basic; there were no existing offending behaviour programmes on which to build; risk assessment was rudimentary and focussed on escape risk; awareness among staff at all levels of de-radicalisation programmes, their content and how they should be managed, was minimal; specialist staff were in short supply and had no training in running interventions; and resources, both physical and financial, were limited. This paper sets out how ONSA and NPS went about establishing the de-radicalisation programme and describes key elements of that programme, including: creating a supportive operating environment; risk and needs assessment; types of intervention; and programme management and staffing. It highlights the challenges and lessons that can be drawn from the operation of the programme during its first 18 months, which will be of particular interest to low resource, post-conflict and fragile states that are seeking to establish their own basic de-radicalisation programmes.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46890096,"asset_id":26603281,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3382896,"first_name":"Atta","last_name":"Barkindo","domain_name":"soas","page_name":"AttaBarkindo","display_name":"Atta Barkindo","profile_url":"https://soas.academia.edu/AttaBarkindo?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3382896/1140761/1429111/s65_atta.barkindo.jpg"},{"id":50604640,"first_name":"Dr. Shane","last_name":"Bryans","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DrShaneBryans","display_name":"Dr. Shane Bryans","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DrShaneBryans?f_ri=474467","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":283482,"name":"Counter Terrorism, Community Engagement, Deradicalisation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Counter_Terrorism_Community_Engagement_Deradicalisation?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":474467,"name":"Postconflict Reconstruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Reconstruction?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12004845" data-work_id="12004845" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12004845/Reformas_al_Sector_Seguridad_en_Contextos_de_Post_Conflicto_Armado_Experiencias_en_Centroam%C3%A9rica_y_consideraciones_sobre_el_Caso_Colombiano_CONFERENCIA_FLACSO_ISA_Poderes_Regionales_y_Globales_en_un_Mundo_Cambiante_">Reformas al Sector Seguridad en Contextos de Post-Conflicto Armado: Experiencias en Centroamérica y consideraciones sobre el Caso Colombiano. CONFERENCIA FLACSO-ISA: “Poderes Regionales y Globales en un Mundo Cambiante”</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">En esta ponencia se analiza el proceso de reforma del sector seguridad y defensa, particularmente reforma/reconversión militar, en los casos de El Salvador y Guatemala tras el conflicto armado, a partir de este ejercicio son formuladas... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12004845" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">En esta ponencia se analiza el proceso de reforma del sector seguridad y defensa, particularmente reforma/reconversión militar, en los casos de El Salvador y Guatemala tras el conflicto armado, a partir de este ejercicio son formuladas algunas consideraciones sobre el caso colombiano.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12004845" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="33625bf642a637517323d011966185cb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37345613,"asset_id":12004845,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37345613/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5NTAxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6593107" href="https://giga-hamburg.academia.edu/VivianaGarc%C3%ADaPinz%C3%B3n">Viviana García Pinzón</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6593107" type="text/json">{"id":6593107,"first_name":"Viviana","last_name":"García Pinzón","domain_name":"giga-hamburg","page_name":"VivianaGarcíaPinzón","display_name":"Viviana García Pinzón","profile_url":"https://giga-hamburg.academia.edu/VivianaGarc%C3%ADaPinz%C3%B3n?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6593107/3055120/15534481/s65_viviana.garc_a_pinz_n.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12004845 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12004845"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12004845, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12004845", }); 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","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37345613,"asset_id":12004845,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6593107,"first_name":"Viviana","last_name":"García Pinzón","domain_name":"giga-hamburg","page_name":"VivianaGarcíaPinzón","display_name":"Viviana García Pinzón","profile_url":"https://giga-hamburg.academia.edu/VivianaGarc%C3%ADaPinz%C3%B3n?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6593107/3055120/15534481/s65_viviana.garc_a_pinz_n.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4614,"name":"Central America and Mexico","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_America_and_Mexico?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":12939,"name":"Armed Conflict","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Armed_Conflict?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":30840,"name":"Security sector Reform","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Security_sector_Reform?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":44617,"name":"Armed Forces","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Armed_Forces?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":469764,"name":"Centroamérica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Centroam%C3%A9rica?f_ri=474467"},{"id":474467,"name":"Postconflict Reconstruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Reconstruction?f_ri=474467"},{"id":878538,"name":"Proceso De Paz En Colombia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Proceso_De_Paz_En_Colombia?f_ri=474467"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24654760" data-work_id="24654760" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24654760/Bosnias_Challenge_Economic_Reform_Political_Transformation_and_War_to_Peace_Transition_by_Martina_Fischer_in_Martina_Fischer_ed_Peacebuilding_and_Civil_Society_in_Bosnia_Herzegovina_Ten_Years_after_Dayton_Berlin_Lit_Verlag_pp_441_470_Online_at_www_berghof_foundation_org_">Bosnia's Challenge: Economic Reform, Political Transformation and War-to-Peace Transition, by Martina Fischer, in Martina Fischer (ed.) Peacebuilding and Civil Society in Bosnia-Herzegovina - Ten Years after Dayton, Berlin: Lit-Verlag, pp. 441-470. (Online at www.berghof-foundation.org)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Concluding chapter that summarizes findings from the book "Peacebuilding and Civil Society in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Ten Years after Dayton", edited by Martina Fischer, 2nd edition, 2007, Berlin: Lit-Verlag, pp. 441-470.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24654760" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5539834febbe613c68dacfe3758a7bdf" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44982126,"asset_id":24654760,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44982126/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5NTAxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33221018" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MartinaFischer">Martina Fischer</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33221018" type="text/json">{"id":33221018,"first_name":"Martina","last_name":"Fischer","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MartinaFischer","display_name":"Martina Fischer","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MartinaFischer?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33221018/12537669/13950836/s65_martina.fischer.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24654760 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="24654760"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24654760, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_24654760", }); 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Ten Years after Dayton\", edited by Martina Fischer, 2nd edition, 2007, Berlin: Lit-Verlag, pp. 441-470.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44982126,"asset_id":24654760,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33221018,"first_name":"Martina","last_name":"Fischer","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MartinaFischer","display_name":"Martina Fischer","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MartinaFischer?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33221018/12537669/13950836/s65_martina.fischer.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1198,"name":"Peace and Conflict Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_and_Conflict_Studies?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":5993,"name":"Bosnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bosnia?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":6656,"name":"Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Non-Governmental_Organizations_NGOs_?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":11395,"name":"Economic Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Development?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":13078,"name":"Peacekeeping","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peacekeeping?f_ri=474467"},{"id":21852,"name":"Governance and Civil Society","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Governance_and_Civil_Society?f_ri=474467"},{"id":24048,"name":"Peace Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_Studies?f_ri=474467"},{"id":43017,"name":"Civil Society","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Society?f_ri=474467"},{"id":44567,"name":"Postconflict Peacebuilding and Everyday Priorities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Peacebuilding_and_Everyday_Priorities?f_ri=474467"},{"id":45578,"name":"Peacebuilding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peacebuilding?f_ri=474467"},{"id":64064,"name":"Bosnia and Herzegovina","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina?f_ri=474467"},{"id":89536,"name":"Western Balkans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_Balkans?f_ri=474467"},{"id":297109,"name":"Bosna i Hercegovina, Dayton, Sarajevo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bosna_i_Hercegovina_Dayton_Sarajevo?f_ri=474467"},{"id":474467,"name":"Postconflict Reconstruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Reconstruction?f_ri=474467"},{"id":609917,"name":"Postconflict Reconciliation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Reconciliation?f_ri=474467"},{"id":989342,"name":"Dayton Agreement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dayton_Agreement?f_ri=474467"},{"id":1000456,"name":"Dayton Accords","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dayton_Accords?f_ri=474467"},{"id":1005053,"name":"Postconflict","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict?f_ri=474467"},{"id":2449035,"name":"Postconflict Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Studies?f_ri=474467"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_23693517" data-work_id="23693517" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23693517/CLEARING_RUBBLE">CLEARING RUBBLE</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Clearing the rubble from Aleppo and protecting its inhabitants from future environmental risks are going to be serious challenges. Unexploded bombs, toxic hazards, likely shortages of funds and almost certain mismanagement could well... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_23693517" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Clearing the rubble from Aleppo and protecting its inhabitants from future environmental risks are going to be serious challenges. Unexploded bombs, toxic hazards, likely shortages of funds and almost certain mismanagement could well plague the process but could be avoided with the right planning. The extent of destruction in Aleppo is better known than in almost any previous city harmed by war. We have thousands of photographs of destroyed buildings and satellite images show the extent of damage across the city. In some neighbourhoods the debris is piled as high as the buildings.<br /><br />The starting point of reconstruction is clearance. At first glance this should not be too great a challenge. Aleppo is a fairly flat and accessible city. Outside the Old City, most areas can be easily reached by heavy equipment that can remove debris rapidly. Asbestos and other mineral fibres were not widely used in construction and so some of the worst toxic dangers will be manageable. Much of the rubble can be pulverized and recycled as roadbed or aggregate for concrete. Areas outside the city are not densely populated and therefore it should be possible to find sites to dump debris safely and with minimal impact.<br /><br />But problems will arise:<br /><br />• Donors are often reluctant to help with rubble clearance. It lacks the upbeat agenda many want to present to governments. Private philanthropists are always more interested in prestige projects such as building schools or libraries, regardless of what is actually needed on the ground.<br />• Rubble from bombing often contains unexploded ordinance (UXO) that must be cleared first. Concrete dust can contain contaminants from explosives that represent a toxic risk.<br />• Rubble tends to be cleared from the wrong areas first, hindering the reconstruction of much needed housing and trapping the poor in areas that are cut off from vital services.<br />• Clearance is often done in a piecemeal fashion, creating small cleared plots but not opening up access to wider areas.<br />• Rubble can be dumped in an uncontrolled manner leading to environmental problems, flooding if carelessly dumped in rivers or drains, and can worsen land disputes.<br />• Generally there is more rubble than can be recycled but there is often no plan for effective disposal of what remains.<br />• Rubble from historical areas is cleared too quickly, preventing stone from being recycled in reconstructed building. Valuable items are often looted.<br />• Rubble clearance can be an important employment generator at a time when jobs are urgently needed but only if training has already taken place.<br /><br />A number of recent cases such as Haiti and Gaza illustrate the problems. Not all of these are likely to occur in Aleppo but the lessons are clear and it will be important to develop a plan for removing debris from the city to allow for reconstruction.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/23693517" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2ad3d5528acf99dbf84e09a93ef6b8d2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44099652,"asset_id":23693517,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44099652/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5NTAxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="45762363" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CenterforConflictNegotiationandRecoveryCCNR">The Aleppo Project</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="45762363" type="text/json">{"id":45762363,"first_name":"The Aleppo","last_name":"Project","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CenterforConflictNegotiationandRecoveryCCNR","display_name":"The Aleppo Project","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CenterforConflictNegotiationandRecoveryCCNR?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/45762363/12130228/13511264/s65_the_aleppo.project.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_23693517 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="23693517"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 23693517, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_23693517", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_23693517 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 23693517; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_23693517"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_23693517 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="23693517"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 23693517; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=23693517]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_23693517").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_23693517").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="23693517"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="313634" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aleppo">Aleppo</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="313634" type="text/json">{"id":313634,"name":"Aleppo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aleppo?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="474467" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Reconstruction">Postconflict Reconstruction</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="474467" type="text/json">{"id":474467,"name":"Postconflict Reconstruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Reconstruction?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=23693517]'), work: {"id":23693517,"title":"CLEARING RUBBLE","created_at":"2016-03-25T08:18:24.425-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/23693517/CLEARING_RUBBLE?f_ri=474467","dom_id":"work_23693517","summary":"Clearing the rubble from Aleppo and protecting its inhabitants from future environmental risks are going to be serious challenges. Unexploded bombs, toxic hazards, likely shortages of funds and almost certain mismanagement could well plague the process but could be avoided with the right planning. The extent of destruction in Aleppo is better known than in almost any previous city harmed by war. We have thousands of photographs of destroyed buildings and satellite images show the extent of damage across the city. In some neighbourhoods the debris is piled as high as the buildings.\n\nThe starting point of reconstruction is clearance. At first glance this should not be too great a challenge. Aleppo is a fairly flat and accessible city. Outside the Old City, most areas can be easily reached by heavy equipment that can remove debris rapidly. Asbestos and other mineral fibres were not widely used in construction and so some of the worst toxic dangers will be manageable. Much of the rubble can be pulverized and recycled as roadbed or aggregate for concrete. Areas outside the city are not densely populated and therefore it should be possible to find sites to dump debris safely and with minimal impact.\n\nBut problems will arise:\n\n• Donors are often reluctant to help with rubble clearance. It lacks the upbeat agenda many want to present to governments. Private philanthropists are always more interested in prestige projects such as building schools or libraries, regardless of what is actually needed on the ground.\n• Rubble from bombing often contains unexploded ordinance (UXO) that must be cleared first. Concrete dust can contain contaminants from explosives that represent a toxic risk.\n• Rubble tends to be cleared from the wrong areas first, hindering the reconstruction of much needed housing and trapping the poor in areas that are cut off from vital services.\n• Clearance is often done in a piecemeal fashion, creating small cleared plots but not opening up access to wider areas.\n• Rubble can be dumped in an uncontrolled manner leading to environmental problems, flooding if carelessly dumped in rivers or drains, and can worsen land disputes.\n• Generally there is more rubble than can be recycled but there is often no plan for effective disposal of what remains.\n• Rubble from historical areas is cleared too quickly, preventing stone from being recycled in reconstructed building. Valuable items are often looted.\n• Rubble clearance can be an important employment generator at a time when jobs are urgently needed but only if training has already taken place.\n\nA number of recent cases such as Haiti and Gaza illustrate the problems. Not all of these are likely to occur in Aleppo but the lessons are clear and it will be important to develop a plan for removing debris from the city to allow for reconstruction.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44099652,"asset_id":23693517,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":45762363,"first_name":"The Aleppo","last_name":"Project","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CenterforConflictNegotiationandRecoveryCCNR","display_name":"The Aleppo Project","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CenterforConflictNegotiationandRecoveryCCNR?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/45762363/12130228/13511264/s65_the_aleppo.project.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":313634,"name":"Aleppo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aleppo?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":474467,"name":"Postconflict Reconstruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Reconstruction?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22163588" data-work_id="22163588" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22163588/La_loi_fonci%C3%A8re_de_1998_dans_le_contexte_de_la_C%C3%B4te_dIvoire_post_conflit_Revue_des_expertises_r%C3%A9centes_sur_les_enjeux_obstacles_et_risques_identifi%C3%A9s">La loi foncière de 1998 dans le contexte de la Côte d'Ivoire post conflit. Revue des expertises récentes sur les enjeux, obstacles et risques identifiés</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Contribution au Comité Technique « Foncier et Développement » (MAEDI-AFD), 14 janvier 2016 sur le thème: La relance de la mise en œuvre de la loi sur le domaine foncier rural. Ce mémorandum propose une revue des expertises récentes sur... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_22163588" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Contribution au Comité Technique « Foncier et Développement » (MAEDI-AFD), 14 janvier 2016 sur le thème: La relance de la mise en œuvre de la loi sur le domaine foncier rural. <br />Ce mémorandum propose une revue des expertises récentes sur les enjeux, obstacles et risques identifiés relatifs à la relance de la mise en oeuvre de la loi sur le domaine foncier rural de 1998 dans le contexte actuel de post conflit. Trois principaux niveaux de consensus se dégagent de ces expertises : sur les constats et diagnostics de blocage de la mise en oeuvre de la loi ; sur les raisons de fond du blocage et sur les recommandations qui en découlent ; sur la nécessaire révision de la loi. Ces expertises rejoignent la littérature de recherche de terrain sur la nécessité de reconsidérer l’esprit et l’ensemble du dispositif de la loi. Des éléments pour une politique foncière raisonnée en contexte de post conflit sont ensuite proposés.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22163588" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fae45d6eacfa271b925c2b12c65ddb73" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42825957,"asset_id":22163588,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42825957/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5NTAxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6690882" href="https://ird.academia.edu/JeanPierreChauveau">Jean-Pierre Chauveau</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6690882" type="text/json">{"id":6690882,"first_name":"Jean-Pierre","last_name":"Chauveau","domain_name":"ird","page_name":"JeanPierreChauveau","display_name":"Jean-Pierre Chauveau","profile_url":"https://ird.academia.edu/JeanPierreChauveau?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6690882/11631404/12969874/s65_jean-pierre.chauveau.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_22163588 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="22163588"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 22163588, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_22163588", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=22163588]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_22163588").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_22163588").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="22163588"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14768" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Land_Law">Land Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14768" type="text/json">{"id":14768,"name":"Land Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Land_Law?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="68337" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cote_DIvoire">Cote D'Ivoire</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="68337" type="text/json">{"id":68337,"name":"Cote D'Ivoire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cote_DIvoire?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="474467" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Reconstruction">Postconflict Reconstruction</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="474467" type="text/json">{"id":474467,"name":"Postconflict Reconstruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Reconstruction?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22163588]'), work: {"id":22163588,"title":"La loi foncière de 1998 dans le contexte de la Côte d'Ivoire post conflit. Revue des expertises récentes sur les enjeux, obstacles et risques identifiés","created_at":"2016-02-18T23:28:30.351-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/22163588/La_loi_fonci%C3%A8re_de_1998_dans_le_contexte_de_la_C%C3%B4te_dIvoire_post_conflit_Revue_des_expertises_r%C3%A9centes_sur_les_enjeux_obstacles_et_risques_identifi%C3%A9s?f_ri=474467","dom_id":"work_22163588","summary":"Contribution au Comité Technique « Foncier et Développement » (MAEDI-AFD), 14 janvier 2016 sur le thème: La relance de la mise en œuvre de la loi sur le domaine foncier rural. \nCe mémorandum propose une revue des expertises récentes sur les enjeux, obstacles et risques identifiés relatifs à la relance de la mise en oeuvre de la loi sur le domaine foncier rural de 1998 dans le contexte actuel de post conflit. Trois principaux niveaux de consensus se dégagent de ces expertises : sur les constats et diagnostics de blocage de la mise en oeuvre de la loi ; sur les raisons de fond du blocage et sur les recommandations qui en découlent ; sur la nécessaire révision de la loi. Ces expertises rejoignent la littérature de recherche de terrain sur la nécessité de reconsidérer l’esprit et l’ensemble du dispositif de la loi. Des éléments pour une politique foncière raisonnée en contexte de post conflit sont ensuite proposés. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42825957,"asset_id":22163588,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6690882,"first_name":"Jean-Pierre","last_name":"Chauveau","domain_name":"ird","page_name":"JeanPierreChauveau","display_name":"Jean-Pierre Chauveau","profile_url":"https://ird.academia.edu/JeanPierreChauveau?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6690882/11631404/12969874/s65_jean-pierre.chauveau.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":14768,"name":"Land Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Land_Law?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":68337,"name":"Cote D'Ivoire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cote_DIvoire?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":474467,"name":"Postconflict Reconstruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Reconstruction?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28684175" data-work_id="28684175" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28684175/Ni_aqu%C3%AD_ni_all%C3%A1_Las_geograf%C3%ADas_emocionales_de_las_trabajadoras_sexuales_transg%C3%A9nero_v%C3%ADctimas_del_conflicto_armado_pdf">Ni aquí ni allá: Las geografías emocionales de las trabajadoras sexuales transgénero, víctimas del conflicto armado.pdf</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Como parte de un proyecto de Investigación Acción Participativa (IAP) de la Escuela de Gobierno, el proyecto “Movilidades en zona de con icto” fue diseñado y realizado colectivamente con trabajadoras sexuales trans para documentar las... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_28684175" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Como parte de un proyecto de Investigación Acción Participativa (IAP) de la Escuela de Gobierno, el proyecto “Movilidades en zona de con icto” fue diseñado y realizado colectivamente con trabajadoras sexuales trans para documentar las violaciones de derechos humanos de las que son víctimas y para alcanzar las metas orientadas a la justicia social establecidas con la población. El componente de incidencia comunitaria y justicia social fue liderado por organizaciones de derechos humanos incluyendo a Parces ONG y la Red Comunitaria trans.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28684175" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="22326ff99f9b1657a2e800e31e8d0930" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49069224,"asset_id":28684175,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49069224/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5NTAxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="41635777" href="https://uniandes.academia.edu/Sebasti%C3%A1nLanzS%C3%A1nchez">Sebastián Lanz Sánchez</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="41635777" type="text/json">{"id":41635777,"first_name":"Sebastián","last_name":"Lanz Sánchez","domain_name":"uniandes","page_name":"SebastiánLanzSánchez","display_name":"Sebastián Lanz Sánchez","profile_url":"https://uniandes.academia.edu/Sebasti%C3%A1nLanzS%C3%A1nchez?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/41635777/14220241/15189952/s65_sebasti_n.lanz_s_nchez.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28684175 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28684175"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28684175, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28684175", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28684175]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_28684175").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_28684175").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="28684175"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1198" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_and_Conflict_Studies">Peace and Conflict Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1198" type="text/json">{"id":1198,"name":"Peace and Conflict Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_and_Conflict_Studies?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12093" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theories_of_Gender_and_Transgender">Theories of Gender and Transgender</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12093" type="text/json">{"id":12093,"name":"Theories of Gender and Transgender","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theories_of_Gender_and_Transgender?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="93395" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geograf%C3%ADa_Humana">Geografía Humana</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="93395" type="text/json">{"id":93395,"name":"Geografía Humana","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geograf%C3%ADa_Humana?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="474467" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Reconstruction">Postconflict Reconstruction</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="474467" type="text/json">{"id":474467,"name":"Postconflict Reconstruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Reconstruction?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=28684175]'), work: {"id":28684175,"title":"Ni aquí ni allá: Las geografías emocionales de las trabajadoras sexuales transgénero, víctimas del conflicto armado.pdf","created_at":"2016-09-23T12:33:56.146-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/28684175/Ni_aqu%C3%AD_ni_all%C3%A1_Las_geograf%C3%ADas_emocionales_de_las_trabajadoras_sexuales_transg%C3%A9nero_v%C3%ADctimas_del_conflicto_armado_pdf?f_ri=474467","dom_id":"work_28684175","summary":"Como parte de un proyecto de Investigación Acción Participativa (IAP) de la Escuela de Gobierno, el proyecto “Movilidades en zona de con icto” fue diseñado y realizado colectivamente con trabajadoras sexuales trans para documentar las violaciones de derechos humanos de las que son víctimas y para alcanzar las metas orientadas a la justicia social establecidas con la población. El componente de incidencia comunitaria y justicia social fue liderado por organizaciones de derechos humanos incluyendo a Parces ONG y la Red Comunitaria trans.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49069224,"asset_id":28684175,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":41635777,"first_name":"Sebastián","last_name":"Lanz Sánchez","domain_name":"uniandes","page_name":"SebastiánLanzSánchez","display_name":"Sebastián Lanz Sánchez","profile_url":"https://uniandes.academia.edu/Sebasti%C3%A1nLanzS%C3%A1nchez?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/41635777/14220241/15189952/s65_sebasti_n.lanz_s_nchez.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1198,"name":"Peace and Conflict Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_and_Conflict_Studies?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":12093,"name":"Theories of Gender and Transgender","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theories_of_Gender_and_Transgender?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":93395,"name":"Geografía Humana","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geograf%C3%ADa_Humana?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":474467,"name":"Postconflict Reconstruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Reconstruction?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_23883018" data-work_id="23883018" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23883018/The_Forgotten_Sons_of_the_State_The_Social_and_Political_Positions_of_Former_Government_Soldiers_in_Post_War_Mozambiques_of_Former_Government_soldiers_in_Post_War_Mozambique">The Forgotten Sons of the State: The Social and Political Positions of Former Government Soldiers in Post-War Mozambiques of Former Government soldiers in Post-War Mozambique</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/23883018" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f522a9f24f0896d94e4f3c5b7d141e7b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44272259,"asset_id":23883018,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44272259/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5NTAxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32251411" href="https://uniandes.academia.edu/ColombiaInternacional">Revista Colombia Internacional</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32251411" type="text/json">{"id":32251411,"first_name":"Revista","last_name":"Colombia Internacional","domain_name":"uniandes","page_name":"ColombiaInternacional","display_name":"Revista Colombia Internacional","profile_url":"https://uniandes.academia.edu/ColombiaInternacional?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32251411/12203084/13814020/s65_revista.colombia_internacional.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_23883018 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="23883018"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 23883018, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_23883018", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=23883018]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_23883018").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_23883018").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="23883018"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10007" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mozambique">Mozambique</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10007" type="text/json">{"id":10007,"name":"Mozambique","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mozambique?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="96089" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soldiers">Soldiers</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="96089" type="text/json">{"id":96089,"name":"Soldiers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soldiers?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="474467" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Reconstruction">Postconflict Reconstruction</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="474467" type="text/json">{"id":474467,"name":"Postconflict Reconstruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Reconstruction?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=23883018]'), work: {"id":23883018,"title":"The Forgotten Sons of the State: The Social and Political Positions of Former Government Soldiers in Post-War Mozambiques of Former Government soldiers in Post-War Mozambique","created_at":"2016-03-31T13:47:40.515-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/23883018/The_Forgotten_Sons_of_the_State_The_Social_and_Political_Positions_of_Former_Government_Soldiers_in_Post_War_Mozambiques_of_Former_Government_soldiers_in_Post_War_Mozambique?f_ri=474467","dom_id":"work_23883018","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44272259,"asset_id":23883018,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32251411,"first_name":"Revista","last_name":"Colombia Internacional","domain_name":"uniandes","page_name":"ColombiaInternacional","display_name":"Revista Colombia Internacional","profile_url":"https://uniandes.academia.edu/ColombiaInternacional?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32251411/12203084/13814020/s65_revista.colombia_internacional.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":10007,"name":"Mozambique","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mozambique?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":96089,"name":"Soldiers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soldiers?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":474467,"name":"Postconflict Reconstruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Reconstruction?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_81372476" data-work_id="81372476" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/81372476/Memories_piety_and_formation_of_civil_religions_Do_revolutionary_youth_sing_along_with_the_memory_machine_in_Iran">Memories, piety and formation of civil religions: Do revolutionary youth sing along with the memory machine in Iran</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Memories of wars and constantly living with them become the measure of citizenhood, revolutionary commitments and piety remembering, where an incessant state-sponsored memory machine frames memory as a civil religion. This article argues... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_81372476" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Memories of wars and constantly living with them become the measure of citizenhood, revolutionary commitments and piety remembering, where an incessant state-sponsored memory machine frames memory as a civil religion. This article argues that memories, remembering and mnemonic acts become the forces that hold a civil religion together, and then explains how mnemonic subjects/remembering individuals contribute to a civil religion through consumption of memories. I ground my argument in anthropological explorations of how the Iranian state choreographs a memory machine that collects, publishes and circulates memories of the Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988). The memory machine tries to inspire postwar generations with an Islamic model of piety, invent a militarized civil religion and inculcate the revolutionary youth into it. However, the Iranian revolutionary youth use memories of the war as 'wiggle rooms' to reshape the state-choreographed civil religion without expressing either dissent or absolute compliance. Ethnographically, I highlight that the revolutionary youth's compliance may seem blind obedience but on the contrary, their compliance is an agentive attempt to resist subtly, find individuated sovereignty and craft mnemonic subjectivities under authoritarian conditions.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/81372476" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e66a5bab3ef0bd2b2c7b1cd5a7d2bf6a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":87437526,"asset_id":81372476,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87437526/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5NTAxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="36226876" href="https://vu-nl.academia.edu/YounesSaramifar">Younes Saramifar</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="36226876" type="text/json">{"id":36226876,"first_name":"Younes","last_name":"Saramifar","domain_name":"vu-nl","page_name":"YounesSaramifar","display_name":"Younes Saramifar","profile_url":"https://vu-nl.academia.edu/YounesSaramifar?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/36226876/10435308/114033576/s65_younes.saramifar.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_81372476 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="81372476"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 81372476, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_81372476", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=81372476]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_81372476").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_81372476").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="81372476"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="217" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Religion">Sociology of Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="217" type="text/json">{"id":217,"name":"Sociology of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Religion?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3987" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_and_Memory">History and Memory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3987" type="text/json">{"id":3987,"name":"History and Memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_and_Memory?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11452" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Memory_Studies">Memory Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11452" type="text/json">{"id":11452,"name":"Memory Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Memory_Studies?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11709" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histroriography_of_the_Iran-Iraq_War">Histroriography of the Iran-Iraq War</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="11709" type="text/json">{"id":11709,"name":"Histroriography of the Iran-Iraq War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histroriography_of_the_Iran-Iraq_War?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=81372476]'), work: {"id":81372476,"title":"Memories, piety and formation of civil religions: Do revolutionary youth sing along with the memory machine in Iran","created_at":"2022-06-13T03:39:27.627-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/81372476/Memories_piety_and_formation_of_civil_religions_Do_revolutionary_youth_sing_along_with_the_memory_machine_in_Iran?f_ri=474467","dom_id":"work_81372476","summary":"Memories of wars and constantly living with them become the measure of citizenhood, revolutionary commitments and piety remembering, where an incessant state-sponsored memory machine frames memory as a civil religion. This article argues that memories, remembering and mnemonic acts become the forces that hold a civil religion together, and then explains how mnemonic subjects/remembering individuals contribute to a civil religion through consumption of memories. I ground my argument in anthropological explorations of how the Iranian state choreographs a memory machine that collects, publishes and circulates memories of the Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988). The memory machine tries to inspire postwar generations with an Islamic model of piety, invent a militarized civil religion and inculcate the revolutionary youth into it. However, the Iranian revolutionary youth use memories of the war as 'wiggle rooms' to reshape the state-choreographed civil religion without expressing either dissent or absolute compliance. Ethnographically, I highlight that the revolutionary youth's compliance may seem blind obedience but on the contrary, their compliance is an agentive attempt to resist subtly, find individuated sovereignty and craft mnemonic subjectivities under authoritarian conditions.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":87437526,"asset_id":81372476,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":36226876,"first_name":"Younes","last_name":"Saramifar","domain_name":"vu-nl","page_name":"YounesSaramifar","display_name":"Younes Saramifar","profile_url":"https://vu-nl.academia.edu/YounesSaramifar?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/36226876/10435308/114033576/s65_younes.saramifar.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":217,"name":"Sociology of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Religion?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":3987,"name":"History and Memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_and_Memory?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":11452,"name":"Memory Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Memory_Studies?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":11709,"name":"Histroriography of the Iran-Iraq War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histroriography_of_the_Iran-Iraq_War?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":11710,"name":"The Iran-Iraq War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Iran-Iraq_War?f_ri=474467"},{"id":13950,"name":"Collective Memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Collective_Memory?f_ri=474467"},{"id":20679,"name":"Piety (Religion)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Piety_Religion_?f_ri=474467"},{"id":21750,"name":"Martyrdom","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Martyrdom?f_ri=474467"},{"id":27131,"name":"Civil Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Religion?f_ri=474467"},{"id":28981,"name":"Ethnic Conflict and Civil War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnic_Conflict_and_Civil_War?f_ri=474467"},{"id":43017,"name":"Civil Society","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Society?f_ri=474467"},{"id":50947,"name":"Foucault and Counter- memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foucault_and_Counter-_memory?f_ri=474467"},{"id":377242,"name":"War Memorials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/War_Memorials?f_ri=474467"},{"id":383503,"name":"War and Memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/War_and_Memory?f_ri=474467"},{"id":474467,"name":"Postconflict Reconstruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Reconstruction?f_ri=474467"},{"id":619396,"name":"Anthropology of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology_of_Religion?f_ri=474467"},{"id":988234,"name":"Anthropology of Violence and Memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology_of_Violence_and_Memory?f_ri=474467"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35761049" data-work_id="35761049" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35761049/The_Civil_Sphere_in_Latin_America">The Civil Sphere in Latin America</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Social thinkers have criticized Latin American development as incomplete, backward, and antimodern. This volume demonstrates that, while often deeply compromised and fragmented, Latin American civil spheres have remained resilient,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35761049" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Social thinkers have criticized Latin American development as incomplete, backward, and antimodern. This volume demonstrates that,<br />while often deeply compromised and fragmented, Latin American civil<br />spheres have remained resilient, institutionally and culturally, generating<br />new oppositional movements, independent journalism, rebellious<br />intellectuals, electoral power, and critical political parties. In widely<br />different arenas, dissidents have employed the coruscating language of<br />the civil sphere to pollute their oppressors in the name of justice. In the<br />1970s and 1980s, political thinkers heralded the resurrection of Latin<br />American civil society, envisioning a new world of freedom and stability.<br />Corruption, inequality, racism, and exclusion become pressing and<br />urgent “social problems,” not despite the promises of democracy, but<br />because of them. The premise of this volume is that Latin American civil<br />spheres are powerful, even as they are compromised, creating challenges to anticivil culture and institutions that trigger social reform. It is the first of three volumes that place civil sphere theory in a global context.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35761049" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="105d88f804005489ee5d15ae75b538c0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55636892,"asset_id":35761049,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55636892/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5NTAxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="460690" href="https://yale.academia.edu/CarloTognato">Carlo Tognato</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="460690" type="text/json">{"id":460690,"first_name":"Carlo","last_name":"Tognato","domain_name":"yale","page_name":"CarloTognato","display_name":"Carlo Tognato","profile_url":"https://yale.academia.edu/CarloTognato?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/460690/151836/65249482/s65_carlo.tognato.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35761049 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35761049"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35761049, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35761049", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35761049]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35761049").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35761049").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35761049"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="388" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies">Latin American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="388" type="text/json">{"id":388,"name":"Latin American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2592" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights">Human Rights</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2592" type="text/json">{"id":2592,"name":"Human Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5847" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Extremism_Radicalism_Populism">Political Extremism/Radicalism/Populism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5847" type="text/json">{"id":5847,"name":"Political Extremism/Radicalism/Populism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Extremism_Radicalism_Populism?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10467" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Sphere">Public Sphere</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="10467" type="text/json">{"id":10467,"name":"Public Sphere","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Sphere?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35761049]'), work: {"id":35761049,"title":"The Civil Sphere in Latin America","created_at":"2018-01-25T17:30:26.701-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35761049/The_Civil_Sphere_in_Latin_America?f_ri=474467","dom_id":"work_35761049","summary":"Social thinkers have criticized Latin American development as incomplete, backward, and antimodern. This volume demonstrates that,\nwhile often deeply compromised and fragmented, Latin American civil\nspheres have remained resilient, institutionally and culturally, generating\nnew oppositional movements, independent journalism, rebellious\nintellectuals, electoral power, and critical political parties. In widely\ndifferent arenas, dissidents have employed the coruscating language of\nthe civil sphere to pollute their oppressors in the name of justice. In the\n1970s and 1980s, political thinkers heralded the resurrection of Latin\nAmerican civil society, envisioning a new world of freedom and stability.\nCorruption, inequality, racism, and exclusion become pressing and\nurgent “social problems,” not despite the promises of democracy, but\nbecause of them. The premise of this volume is that Latin American civil\nspheres are powerful, even as they are compromised, creating challenges to anticivil culture and institutions that trigger social reform. It is the first of three volumes that place civil sphere theory in a global context.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55636892,"asset_id":35761049,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":460690,"first_name":"Carlo","last_name":"Tognato","domain_name":"yale","page_name":"CarloTognato","display_name":"Carlo Tognato","profile_url":"https://yale.academia.edu/CarloTognato?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/460690/151836/65249482/s65_carlo.tognato.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":388,"name":"Latin American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":2592,"name":"Human Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":5847,"name":"Political Extremism/Radicalism/Populism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Extremism_Radicalism_Populism?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":10467,"name":"Public Sphere","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Sphere?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":17123,"name":"Democracy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Democracy?f_ri=474467"},{"id":34598,"name":"Authoritarianism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Authoritarianism?f_ri=474467"},{"id":43017,"name":"Civil Society","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Society?f_ri=474467"},{"id":474467,"name":"Postconflict Reconstruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Reconstruction?f_ri=474467"},{"id":656367,"name":"Civil Sphere","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Sphere?f_ri=474467"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_30524068" data-work_id="30524068" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30524068/Veza_izme%C4%91u_suo%C4%8Davanja_s_pro%C5%A1lo%C5%A1%C4%87u_u_biv%C5%A1oj_Jugoslaviji_i_sukoba_u_90_im_u_Bosni_i_Hercegovini_Darel_Kapetanovi%C4%87">Veza između suočavanja s prošlošću u bivšoj Jugoslaviji i sukoba u 90-im u Bosni i Hercegovini, Darel Kapetanović</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Mnogobrojna poslijeratna društva imaju problema s kulturom sjećanja što je uzrok mnogih sukoba u sadašnjosti i što utječe na svakodnevni život u područjima gdje su se sukobi dogodili. Cilj većine poslijeratnih društava (ili bi trebao... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_30524068" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Mnogobrojna poslijeratna društva imaju problema s kulturom sjećanja što je uzrok mnogih sukoba u sadašnjosti i što utječe na svakodnevni život u područjima gdje su se sukobi dogodili. Cilj većine poslijeratnih društava (ili bi trebao biti) je pomirenje i miroljubiva koegzistencija. Cilj ovog rada je ukratko opisati uticaj kulture sjećanja u Socijalističkoj Federativnoj Republici Jugoslaviji (SFRJ) kroz kinematografju i kulta<br />heroja na sukob u Bosni i Hercegovini (BiH) u ranim devedesetima. Drugim riječima, rad će ukratko predstaviti posljedice suzbijanja emocija i izostanka pokretanja procesa pomirenja u sistemu koji je postojao u Jugoslaviji i povezati ih s eskalacijom sukoba nakon slabljenja jugoslavenskog sistema. Na samom kraju, rad će se baviti trenutnim stanjem u poslijeratnoj BiH kao rezultatom prethodno opisanih događaja.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30524068" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6f255ca9a905d66d27b6688745c960b4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50968163,"asset_id":30524068,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50968163/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5NTAxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5948197" href="https://ege.academia.edu/DarelKapetanovi%C4%87">Darel Kapetanović</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5948197" type="text/json">{"id":5948197,"first_name":"Darel","last_name":"Kapetanović","domain_name":"ege","page_name":"DarelKapetanović","display_name":"Darel Kapetanović","profile_url":"https://ege.academia.edu/DarelKapetanovi%C4%87?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5948197/2528572/16583146/s65_darel.kapetanovi_.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_30524068 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="30524068"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 30524068, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_30524068", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30524068]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_30524068").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_30524068").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="30524068"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2860" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postcolonial_Studies">Postcolonial Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2860" type="text/json">{"id":2860,"name":"Postcolonial Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postcolonial_Studies?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="44567" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Peacebuilding_and_Everyday_Priorities">Postconflict Peacebuilding and Everyday Priorities</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="44567" type="text/json">{"id":44567,"name":"Postconflict Peacebuilding and Everyday Priorities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Peacebuilding_and_Everyday_Priorities?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="474467" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Reconstruction">Postconflict Reconstruction</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="474467" type="text/json">{"id":474467,"name":"Postconflict Reconstruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Reconstruction?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="588949" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultures_of_remembrance">Cultures of remembrance</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="588949" type="text/json">{"id":588949,"name":"Cultures of remembrance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultures_of_remembrance?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=30524068]'), work: {"id":30524068,"title":"Veza između suočavanja s prošlošću u bivšoj Jugoslaviji i sukoba u 90-im u Bosni i Hercegovini, Darel Kapetanović","created_at":"2016-12-19T07:53:14.687-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/30524068/Veza_izme%C4%91u_suo%C4%8Davanja_s_pro%C5%A1lo%C5%A1%C4%87u_u_biv%C5%A1oj_Jugoslaviji_i_sukoba_u_90_im_u_Bosni_i_Hercegovini_Darel_Kapetanovi%C4%87?f_ri=474467","dom_id":"work_30524068","summary":"Mnogobrojna poslijeratna društva imaju problema s kulturom sjećanja što je uzrok mnogih sukoba u sadašnjosti i što utječe na svakodnevni život u područjima gdje su se sukobi dogodili. Cilj većine poslijeratnih društava (ili bi trebao biti) je pomirenje i miroljubiva koegzistencija. Cilj ovog rada je ukratko opisati uticaj kulture sjećanja u Socijalističkoj Federativnoj Republici Jugoslaviji (SFRJ) kroz kinematografju i kulta\nheroja na sukob u Bosni i Hercegovini (BiH) u ranim devedesetima. Drugim riječima, rad će ukratko predstaviti posljedice suzbijanja emocija i izostanka pokretanja procesa pomirenja u sistemu koji je postojao u Jugoslaviji i povezati ih s eskalacijom sukoba nakon slabljenja jugoslavenskog sistema. Na samom kraju, rad će se baviti trenutnim stanjem u poslijeratnoj BiH kao rezultatom prethodno opisanih događaja.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50968163,"asset_id":30524068,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5948197,"first_name":"Darel","last_name":"Kapetanović","domain_name":"ege","page_name":"DarelKapetanović","display_name":"Darel Kapetanović","profile_url":"https://ege.academia.edu/DarelKapetanovi%C4%87?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5948197/2528572/16583146/s65_darel.kapetanovi_.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2860,"name":"Postcolonial Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postcolonial_Studies?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":44567,"name":"Postconflict Peacebuilding and Everyday Priorities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Peacebuilding_and_Everyday_Priorities?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":474467,"name":"Postconflict 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Zahar","profile_url":"https://umontreal.academia.edu/MarieJoelleZahar?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3672919/1970873/15194451/s65_marie-joelle.zahar.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":13078,"name":"Peacekeeping","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peacekeeping?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":18623,"name":"Middle East Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Politics?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":45578,"name":"Peacebuilding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peacebuilding?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":183540,"name":"Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humanitarian_Assistance_and_Disaster_Relief?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":474467,"name":"Postconflict Reconstruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Reconstruction?f_ri=474467"},{"id":537676,"name":"Stabilization and Reconstruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stabilization_and_Reconstruction?f_ri=474467"},{"id":931986,"name":"Post Conflict Issues","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Post_Conflict_Issues?f_ri=474467"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49449657" data-work_id="49449657" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49449657/Memoria_e_identidad_en_un_sistema_confesional_La_relaci%C3%B3n_entre_memorias_y_conflicto_en_L%C3%ADbano_Memory_and_identity_in_a_confessional_system_The_connexion_between_memories_and_conflict_in_Lebanon">Memoria e identidad en un sistema confesional: La relación entre memorias y conflicto en Líbano Memory and identity in a confessional system: The connexion between memories and conflict in Lebanon</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">[English below] Este artículo analiza el sistema sociopolítico libanés desde la teoría mnemónica. Se pretende demostrar que el conflicto de memorias e identidades existentes en este Estado se encuentran en la base de sus recurrentes... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49449657" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">[English below]<br /><br />Este artículo analiza el sistema sociopolítico libanés desde la teoría mnemónica. Se pretende demostrar que el conflicto de memorias e identidades existentes en este Estado se encuentran en la base de sus recurrentes conflictos, ya que el sistema sociopolítico se basa en las divisiones identitarias que dominan el país. Esta cuestión impregna todas las capas del sistema social, siendo un ejemplo paradigmático la organización del sistema educativo y la enseñanza de la historia en las escuelas. Esto supone un gran problema para una pacificación eficaz de Líbano.<br /><br />This article analyses Lebanon’s socio-political system from the perspective of memory studies. We try to prove that the conflict between memories and identities in Lebanon is at the base of the continuing conflicts since the socio-political system is based on the identity divisions in the country. This topic can be found in every aspect of the social system, one particularly clear example being the organisation of the education and the teaching of history in schools. This has become a great problem for an efficient appeasement of Lebanon.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49449657" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="24334c08b6f9929ff7449267939210fe" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67798562,"asset_id":49449657,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67798562/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5NTAxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="50934530" href="https://uam.academia.edu/ARICOFREEMAN">ALEJANDRO RICO FREEMAN</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="50934530" type="text/json">{"id":50934530,"first_name":"ALEJANDRO","last_name":"RICO FREEMAN","domain_name":"uam","page_name":"ARICOFREEMAN","display_name":"ALEJANDRO RICO FREEMAN","profile_url":"https://uam.academia.edu/ARICOFREEMAN?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/50934530/42395646/47930461/s65_alejandro.rico_freeman.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49449657 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49449657"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49449657, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49449657", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49449657]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_49449657").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_49449657").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49449657"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1198" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_and_Conflict_Studies">Peace and Conflict Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1198" type="text/json">{"id":1198,"name":"Peace and Conflict Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_and_Conflict_Studies?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2015" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies">Middle East Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2015" type="text/json">{"id":2015,"name":"Middle East Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5815" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Identity_politics">Identity politics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5815" type="text/json">{"id":5815,"name":"Identity politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Identity_politics?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6736" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lebanon">Lebanon</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6736" type="text/json">{"id":6736,"name":"Lebanon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lebanon?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49449657]'), work: {"id":49449657,"title":"Memoria e identidad en un sistema confesional: La relación entre memorias y conflicto en Líbano Memory and identity in a confessional system: The connexion between memories and conflict in Lebanon","created_at":"2021-06-29T01:04:06.821-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/49449657/Memoria_e_identidad_en_un_sistema_confesional_La_relaci%C3%B3n_entre_memorias_y_conflicto_en_L%C3%ADbano_Memory_and_identity_in_a_confessional_system_The_connexion_between_memories_and_conflict_in_Lebanon?f_ri=474467","dom_id":"work_49449657","summary":"[English below]\n\nEste artículo analiza el sistema sociopolítico libanés desde la teoría mnemónica. Se pretende demostrar que el conflicto de memorias e identidades existentes en este Estado se encuentran en la base de sus recurrentes conflictos, ya que el sistema sociopolítico se basa en las divisiones identitarias que dominan el país. Esta cuestión impregna todas las capas del sistema social, siendo un ejemplo paradigmático la organización del sistema educativo y la enseñanza de la historia en las escuelas. Esto supone un gran problema para una pacificación eficaz de Líbano.\n\nThis article analyses Lebanon’s socio-political system from the perspective of memory studies. We try to prove that the conflict between memories and identities in Lebanon is at the base of the continuing conflicts since the socio-political system is based on the identity divisions in the country. This topic can be found in every aspect of the social system, one particularly clear example being the organisation of the education and the teaching of history in schools. This has become a great problem for an efficient appeasement of Lebanon.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67798562,"asset_id":49449657,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":50934530,"first_name":"ALEJANDRO","last_name":"RICO FREEMAN","domain_name":"uam","page_name":"ARICOFREEMAN","display_name":"ALEJANDRO RICO FREEMAN","profile_url":"https://uam.academia.edu/ARICOFREEMAN?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/50934530/42395646/47930461/s65_alejandro.rico_freeman.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1198,"name":"Peace and Conflict Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_and_Conflict_Studies?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":2015,"name":"Middle East Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":5815,"name":"Identity politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Identity_politics?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":6736,"name":"Lebanon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lebanon?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":11452,"name":"Memory Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Memory_Studies?f_ri=474467"},{"id":13950,"name":"Collective Memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Collective_Memory?f_ri=474467"},{"id":33008,"name":"Sectarianism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sectarianism?f_ri=474467"},{"id":474467,"name":"Postconflict Reconstruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Reconstruction?f_ri=474467"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29491514" data-work_id="29491514" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29491514/The_UN_Secretary_General_and_the_Forgotten_Third_R2P_Responsibility">The UN Secretary-General and the Forgotten Third R2P Responsibility</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The responsibility to rebuild needs to be re-elevated to prominence as an integral component of R2P: conceptually, normatively and operationally; and its institutional homes in the un system and the Secretary-General's role clarified. The... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29491514" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The responsibility to rebuild needs to be re-elevated to prominence as an integral component of R2P: conceptually, normatively and operationally; and its institutional homes in the un system and the Secretary-General's role clarified. The 2009 three pillar formulation of R2P works well in most contexts, but is problematic in that it buries and loses sight of the critical importance of the original iciss third ' responsibility to rebuild' and reconstruct war-raved societies to the point of being viable and self-sustaining once again. We derive some key lessons from the major international interventions of the twenty-first century and recall the context in which R2P was originally formulated in order to highlight the distinctive features of its contribution to international policy. We then describe three dimensions of the responsibility to rebuild – recovery, reconstruction and reconciliation – and the strategies and steps needed for the rebuilding agenda. Recalling that Security Council authorisation of R2P coercive operations is a nonnegotiable prerequisite, we suggest that the responsibility to rebuild can be reintroduced and implemented through the administrative and political leadership roles of the Secretary-General.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29491514" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ea715cadc283f266b3815f7d023a390b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49931861,"asset_id":29491514,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49931861/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5NTAxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="9592917" href="https://unsw.academia.edu/SrinjoyBosePhD">Srinjoy Bose, PhD</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="9592917" type="text/json">{"id":9592917,"first_name":"Srinjoy","last_name":"Bose, PhD","domain_name":"unsw","page_name":"SrinjoyBosePhD","display_name":"Srinjoy Bose, PhD","profile_url":"https://unsw.academia.edu/SrinjoyBosePhD?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9592917/7889792/30179035/s65_srinjoy.bose_phd.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29491514 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29491514"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29491514, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29491514", }); 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and its institutional homes in the un system and the Secretary-General's role clarified. The 2009 three pillar formulation of R2P works well in most contexts, but is problematic in that it buries and loses sight of the critical importance of the original iciss third ' responsibility to rebuild' and reconstruct war-raved societies to the point of being viable and self-sustaining once again. We derive some key lessons from the major international interventions of the twenty-first century and recall the context in which R2P was originally formulated in order to highlight the distinctive features of its contribution to international policy. We then describe three dimensions of the responsibility to rebuild – recovery, reconstruction and reconciliation – and the strategies and steps needed for the rebuilding agenda. Recalling that Security Council authorisation of R2P coercive operations is a nonnegotiable prerequisite, we suggest that the responsibility to rebuild can be reintroduced and implemented through the administrative and political leadership roles of the Secretary-General.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49931861,"asset_id":29491514,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":9592917,"first_name":"Srinjoy","last_name":"Bose, PhD","domain_name":"unsw","page_name":"SrinjoyBosePhD","display_name":"Srinjoy Bose, PhD","profile_url":"https://unsw.academia.edu/SrinjoyBosePhD?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9592917/7889792/30179035/s65_srinjoy.bose_phd.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":1198,"name":"Peace and Conflict 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Ten Years after Dayton", ed. by Martina Fischer, 2nd edition, Berlin: Lit-Verlag, 2007. (Single chapters online at www.berghof-foundation.org)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Dayton Accords ended the war in Bosnia-Herzegovina in 1995. The 10th anniversary gives reason to investigate the post-war period, today's realities and future perspectives. Bosnian authors and international experts express their views... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_24661438" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Dayton Accords ended the war in Bosnia-Herzegovina in 1995. The 10th anniversary gives reason to investigate the post-war period, today's realities and future perspectives. Bosnian authors and international experts express their views on recent developments. Insiders and outsiders, working in the conflict and on its transformation, have been invited to tackle the questions: Which conflict lines mark the present society? Did peacebuilding activities address the underlying causes? What are obstacles for conflict transformation? What are the potentials and limits of international support? What does "civil society" mean in Bosnia and how is it related to statebuilding and democratisation? How can people constructively deal with the past in order to design the future in the region of former Yugoslavia? The book gives an overview on an important research focus of the Berghof Research Center, highlighting the work of its most important cooperation partners.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24661438" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f306b8246ee716957984542131a95186" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44988670,"asset_id":24661438,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44988670/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5NTAxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33221018" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MartinaFischer">Martina Fischer</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33221018" type="text/json">{"id":33221018,"first_name":"Martina","last_name":"Fischer","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MartinaFischer","display_name":"Martina Fischer","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MartinaFischer?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33221018/12537669/13950836/s65_martina.fischer.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24661438 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="24661438"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24661438, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_24661438", }); 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Ten Years after Dayton\", ed. by Martina Fischer, 2nd edition, Berlin: Lit-Verlag, 2007. (Single chapters online at www.berghof-foundation.org)","created_at":"2016-04-22T07:45:55.845-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/24661438/_Peacebuilding_and_Civil_Society_in_Bosnia_Herzegovina_Ten_Years_after_Dayton_ed_by_Martina_Fischer_2nd_edition_Berlin_Lit_Verlag_2007_Single_chapters_online_at_www_berghof_foundation_org_?f_ri=474467","dom_id":"work_24661438","summary":"The Dayton Accords ended the war in Bosnia-Herzegovina in 1995. The 10th anniversary gives reason to investigate the post-war period, today's realities and future perspectives. Bosnian authors and international experts express their views on recent developments. Insiders and outsiders, working in the conflict and on its transformation, have been invited to tackle the questions: Which conflict lines mark the present society? Did peacebuilding activities address the underlying causes? What are obstacles for conflict transformation? What are the potentials and limits of international support? What does \"civil society\" mean in Bosnia and how is it related to statebuilding and democratisation? How can people constructively deal with the past in order to design the future in the region of former Yugoslavia? The book gives an overview on an important research focus of the Berghof Research Center, highlighting the work of its most important cooperation partners. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44988670,"asset_id":24661438,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33221018,"first_name":"Martina","last_name":"Fischer","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MartinaFischer","display_name":"Martina Fischer","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MartinaFischer?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33221018/12537669/13950836/s65_martina.fischer.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1198,"name":"Peace and Conflict Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_and_Conflict_Studies?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":5993,"name":"Bosnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bosnia?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":8875,"name":"Civil Society and the Public Sphere","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Society_and_the_Public_Sphere?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":9251,"name":"Transitional Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transitional_Justice?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":10421,"name":"Peace Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_Movements?f_ri=474467"},{"id":25411,"name":"Peace Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_Education?f_ri=474467"},{"id":28482,"name":"War in Bosnia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/War_in_Bosnia?f_ri=474467"},{"id":43017,"name":"Civil Society","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Society?f_ri=474467"},{"id":44567,"name":"Postconflict Peacebuilding and Everyday Priorities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Peacebuilding_and_Everyday_Priorities?f_ri=474467"},{"id":45559,"name":"Peace","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace?f_ri=474467"},{"id":45578,"name":"Peacebuilding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peacebuilding?f_ri=474467"},{"id":52234,"name":"Peace and Conflict Resolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_and_Conflict_Resolution?f_ri=474467"},{"id":64064,"name":"Bosnia and Herzegovina","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina?f_ri=474467"},{"id":89536,"name":"Western Balkans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_Balkans?f_ri=474467"},{"id":123202,"name":"Post-Conflict Reconciliation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Post-Conflict_Reconciliation?f_ri=474467"},{"id":198844,"name":"Security and Peace Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Security_and_Peace_Studies?f_ri=474467"},{"id":280375,"name":"Postconflict Stuides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Stuides?f_ri=474467"},{"id":436782,"name":"Civil Society Organizations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Society_Organizations?f_ri=474467"},{"id":474467,"name":"Postconflict Reconstruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Reconstruction?f_ri=474467"},{"id":592997,"name":"Postconflict Peacebuilding Projects","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Peacebuilding_Projects?f_ri=474467"},{"id":602719,"name":"Dealing with the Past","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dealing_with_the_Past?f_ri=474467"},{"id":609917,"name":"Postconflict Reconciliation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Reconciliation?f_ri=474467"},{"id":1005053,"name":"Postconflict","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict?f_ri=474467"},{"id":1322110,"name":"Postconflict Issues","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Issues?f_ri=474467"},{"id":1692653,"name":"Postconflict society","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_society?f_ri=474467"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18113850" data-work_id="18113850" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18113850/Transition_Trust_and_Partial_Legality_On_Colleen_Murphy_s_A_Moral_Theory_of_Political_Reconciliation">Transition, Trust and Partial Legality: On Colleen Murphy’s A Moral Theory of Political Reconciliation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In A Moral Theory of Political Reconciliation Colleen Murphy develops a rich and potentially transformative account of political reconciliation. The potential of this account is not fully realized because of limitations in how Murphy... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_18113850" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In A Moral Theory of Political Reconciliation Colleen Murphy develops a rich and potentially transformative account of political reconciliation. The potential of this account is not fully realized because of limitations in how Murphy conceptualizes political relationships. For example, group-differentiated integration into states opens up important questions about partial legality and group-differentiated experiences of repression that Murphy does not address. However, Murphy’s framework is well-suited to take up these questions, once they are acknowledged, and this is an important strength of the work.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18113850" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c055286fc0d1f000e0347cef096e6648" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53841400,"asset_id":18113850,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53841400/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5NTAxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38064625" href="https://uvic.academia.edu/CindyHolder">Cindy Holder</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38064625" type="text/json">{"id":38064625,"first_name":"Cindy","last_name":"Holder","domain_name":"uvic","page_name":"CindyHolder","display_name":"Cindy Holder","profile_url":"https://uvic.academia.edu/CindyHolder?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/38064625/17270053/71915896/s65_cindy.holder.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_18113850 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="18113850"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18113850, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_18113850", }); 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The potential of this account is not fully realized because of limitations in how Murphy conceptualizes political relationships. For example, group-differentiated integration into states opens up important questions about partial legality and group-differentiated experiences of repression that Murphy does not address. However, Murphy’s framework is well-suited to take up these questions, once they are acknowledged, and this is an important strength of the work.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53841400,"asset_id":18113850,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38064625,"first_name":"Cindy","last_name":"Holder","domain_name":"uvic","page_name":"CindyHolder","display_name":"Cindy Holder","profile_url":"https://uvic.academia.edu/CindyHolder?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/38064625/17270053/71915896/s65_cindy.holder.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":534,"name":"Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":2575,"name":"International Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":9251,"name":"Transitional Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transitional_Justice?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":11162,"name":"Philosophy of Criminal Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Criminal_Law?f_ri=474467"},{"id":105076,"name":"Transitional justice and reconciliation processes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transitional_justice_and_reconciliation_processes?f_ri=474467"},{"id":474467,"name":"Postconflict Reconstruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Reconstruction?f_ri=474467"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_15356582" data-work_id="15356582" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15356582/Post_Conflict_Socio_Economic_Recovery_of_a_Disaster_Affected_Society_by_Timely_Engineering_Intervention_of_Restoration_of_Blasted_Kalmadu_Irrigation_Scheme_with_Environmental_Mitigation_Measures">Post Conflict Socio-Economic Recovery of a Disaster Affected Society by Timely Engineering Intervention of Restoration of Blasted Kalmadu Irrigation Scheme with Environmental Mitigation Measures</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Due to the man made blast, entire water stored in Kalmadu irrigation tank passed through the 125 m length and about 15m depth breach. This led the1397 ha of total irrigable area under gravity irrigation system was abundant for eight... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_15356582" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Due to the man made blast, entire water stored in Kalmadu irrigation tank passed through the 125 m length and about 15m depth breach. This led the1397 ha of total irrigable area under gravity irrigation system was abundant for eight seasons. Species recorded of project area identified native, endemic plants 86% and 8% respectively. Fauna and flora found are common and the habitats are secondary in origin. Similar habitats were identified in surrounding, hence no possible threats to any important ecosystems. With the improvements in the dam and its operational efficiency, the overall impact is positive because it would result in a more favourable condition for the aquatic life in the reservoir and the river downstream and this scheme was functional until the year before the blast. EMP was monitored by the Environmental monitoring team at the field and mitigation measures were addressed by the contractor. More than 100,000m3 of earth (SC/GC material) collected from the tank bed was used for the construction for the closure of this breach. Resettled 4641 families with 18335 individuals were used for manual labour which was about 50-75 % of total labours used, to facilitate immediate employment for the IDPs from Kalmadu area with the purpose of uplifting livelihood and mental stability. After the completion of the work the paddy production is 8382 ton/year. Average per capita consumption of 108kg/individual results, 23.6% of the production is self sustain the Kalmadu area and the rest 76.4% is mixed with the national supply.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15356582" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9001c1405fff65792d1c18c8bdea38f8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38652531,"asset_id":15356582,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38652531/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5NTAxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33718973" href="https://jfn.academia.edu/SivakumarSubramaniam">Sivakumar Subramaniam</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33718973" type="text/json">{"id":33718973,"first_name":"Sivakumar","last_name":"Subramaniam","domain_name":"jfn","page_name":"SivakumarSubramaniam","display_name":"Sivakumar Subramaniam","profile_url":"https://jfn.academia.edu/SivakumarSubramaniam?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33718973/9978399/11128052/s65_sivakumar.subramaniam.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_15356582 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="15356582"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 15356582, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_15356582", }); 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This led the1397 ha of total irrigable area under gravity irrigation system was abundant for eight seasons. Species recorded of project area identified native, endemic plants 86% and 8% respectively. Fauna and flora found are common and the habitats are secondary in origin. Similar habitats were identified in surrounding, hence no possible threats to any important ecosystems. With the improvements in the dam and its operational efficiency, the overall impact is positive because it would result in a more favourable condition for the aquatic life in the reservoir and the river downstream and this scheme was functional until the year before the blast. EMP was monitored by the Environmental monitoring team at the field and mitigation measures were addressed by the contractor. More than 100,000m3 of earth (SC/GC material) collected from the tank bed was used for the construction for the closure of this breach. Resettled 4641 families with 18335 individuals were used for manual labour which was about 50-75 % of total labours used, to facilitate immediate employment for the IDPs from Kalmadu area with the purpose of uplifting livelihood and mental stability. After the completion of the work the paddy production is 8382 ton/year. Average per capita consumption of 108kg/individual results, 23.6% of the production is self sustain the Kalmadu area and the rest 76.4% is mixed with the national supply. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38652531,"asset_id":15356582,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33718973,"first_name":"Sivakumar","last_name":"Subramaniam","domain_name":"jfn","page_name":"SivakumarSubramaniam","display_name":"Sivakumar Subramaniam","profile_url":"https://jfn.academia.edu/SivakumarSubramaniam?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33718973/9978399/11128052/s65_sivakumar.subramaniam.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3724,"name":"Irrigation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Irrigation?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":14469,"name":"Sustainable Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":21340,"name":"Water Resources engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Resources_engineering?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":99944,"name":"Integrated Transboundary Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Transboundary_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":474467,"name":"Postconflict Reconstruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Reconstruction?f_ri=474467"},{"id":592997,"name":"Postconflict Peacebuilding Projects","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Peacebuilding_Projects?f_ri=474467"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11771475" data-work_id="11771475" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11771475/2010_De_la_Gobernabilidad_Democr%C3%A1tica_y_el_sentido_de_Realidad_Debates_y_desaf%C3%ADos_de_un_concepto">2010 De la Gobernabilidad Democrática y el sentido de Realidad. Debates y desafíos de un concepto</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11771475" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c37373e6408b2575a72ac6045d8997e7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37193668,"asset_id":11771475,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37193668/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5NTAxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="19581524" href="https://iteso.academia.edu/MariaPatriciaGonzalezChavez">Maria Patricia Gonzalez Chavez</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="19581524" type="text/json">{"id":19581524,"first_name":"Maria Patricia","last_name":"Gonzalez Chavez","domain_name":"iteso","page_name":"MariaPatriciaGonzalezChavez","display_name":"Maria Patricia Gonzalez Chavez","profile_url":"https://iteso.academia.edu/MariaPatriciaGonzalezChavez?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/19581524/6881069/20438283/s65_maria_patricia.gonzalez_chavez.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11771475 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11771475"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11771475, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11771475", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11771475]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11771475").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11771475").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="11771475"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="248355" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gobernabilidad_Democratica">Gobernabilidad Democratica</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="248355" type="text/json">{"id":248355,"name":"Gobernabilidad Democratica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gobernabilidad_Democratica?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="474467" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Reconstruction">Postconflict Reconstruction</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="474467" type="text/json">{"id":474467,"name":"Postconflict Reconstruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Reconstruction?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="481019" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transicion_de_la_Dictadura_a_la_Democracia">Transición de la Dictadura a la Democracia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="481019" type="text/json">{"id":481019,"name":"Transición de la Dictadura a la Democracia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transicion_de_la_Dictadura_a_la_Democracia?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11771475]'), work: {"id":11771475,"title":"2010 De la Gobernabilidad Democrática y el sentido de Realidad. 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Reconstruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Reconstruction?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":481019,"name":"Transición de la Dictadura a la Democracia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transicion_de_la_Dictadura_a_la_Democracia?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37585610" data-work_id="37585610" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37585610/THE_EMERGING_CHALLENGES_AND_OPPORTUNITIES_FOR_THE_LGBT_POPULATION_IN_POST_ACCORD_COLOMBIA">THE EMERGING CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE LGBT+ POPULATION IN POST-ACCORD COLOMBIA</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">My qualifications: <br /><br />MA in Human Rights and Global Ethics from the University of Leicester (2018)</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37585610" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cd00fe85c0f7940689f5ad4177cca3eb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57565758,"asset_id":37585610,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57565758/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5NTAxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="14647556" href="https://independent.academia.edu/StevenGrattan">Steven Grattan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="14647556" type="text/json">{"id":14647556,"first_name":"Steven","last_name":"Grattan","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"StevenGrattan","display_name":"Steven Grattan","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/StevenGrattan?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14647556/3985315/4655892/s65_steven.grattan.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37585610 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37585610"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37585610, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37585610", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_37585610 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37585610; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = 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style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37585610"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1198" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_and_Conflict_Studies">Peace and Conflict Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1198" type="text/json">{"id":1198,"name":"Peace and Conflict Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_and_Conflict_Studies?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2592" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights">Human Rights</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2592" type="text/json">{"id":2592,"name":"Human Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3261" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colombia">Colombia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3261" type="text/json">{"id":3261,"name":"Colombia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colombia?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4918" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gay_And_Lesbian_Studies">Gay And Lesbian Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4918" type="text/json">{"id":4918,"name":"Gay And Lesbian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gay_And_Lesbian_Studies?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37585610]'), work: {"id":37585610,"title":"THE EMERGING CHALLENGES AND 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Reconciliation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Post-Conflict_Reconciliation?f_ri=474467"},{"id":147057,"name":"Northern Ireland (Peace Process and Politics)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Northern_Ireland_Peace_Process_and_Politics_?f_ri=474467"},{"id":474467,"name":"Postconflict Reconstruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Reconstruction?f_ri=474467"},{"id":827015,"name":"Human Rights Abuses","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights_Abuses?f_ri=474467"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37019230" data-work_id="37019230" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37019230/_No_es_conmigo_es_con_todos_RSE_grupos_de_inter%C3%A9s_y_compromisos_para_la_equidad_y_el_desarrollo_social">¿No es conmigo? es con todos. RSE, grupos de interés y compromisos para la equidad y el desarrollo social</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">El taller ¿No es conmigo? Es con todos, hace parte de las estrategias de divulgación del proyecto de investigación “Responsabilidad Social Empresarial en el marco del posacuerdo de paz” ejecutado durante 2017 para el grupo Urbanitas de la... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37019230" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">El taller ¿No es conmigo? Es con todos, hace parte de las estrategias de divulgación del proyecto de investigación “Responsabilidad Social Empresarial en el marco del posacuerdo de paz” ejecutado durante 2017 para el grupo Urbanitas de la Universidad Católica Luis Amigó. Se pretende relacionar los conceptos y acciones estratégicas de RSE con aquellas de valor de marca (concepto de mercadeo y publicidad) que puedan redundar en el apoyo a las gestiones de equidad social, territorial y reinserción. En el taller se propondrá la relación entre valor de marca y RSE y se explicará cómo pueden aplicarse acciones estratégicas a diferentes contextos (en este caso, el acuerdo de paz FARC-EP y Estado Colombiano), cómo se propone la medición de tales acciones y finalmente, los participantes podrán proponer acciones clave al respecto.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37019230" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2b6f86e418f632d72e0826e95aaf2330" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56968899,"asset_id":37019230,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56968899/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5NTAxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34409954" href="https://funlam.academia.edu/JuanDiegoL%C3%B3pezMedina">Juan-Diego López-Medina</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34409954" type="text/json">{"id":34409954,"first_name":"Juan-Diego","last_name":"López-Medina","domain_name":"funlam","page_name":"JuanDiegoLópezMedina","display_name":"Juan-Diego López-Medina","profile_url":"https://funlam.academia.edu/JuanDiegoL%C3%B3pezMedina?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/34409954/10069446/13861493/s65_juan_diego.l_pez-medina.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37019230 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37019230"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37019230, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37019230", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37019230]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37019230").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37019230").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37019230"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17291" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brand_equity">Brand equity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17291" type="text/json">{"id":17291,"name":"Brand equity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brand_equity?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="377558" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Responsabilidad_Social">Responsabilidad Social</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="377558" type="text/json">{"id":377558,"name":"Responsabilidad Social","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Responsabilidad_Social?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="474467" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Reconstruction">Postconflict Reconstruction</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="474467" type="text/json">{"id":474467,"name":"Postconflict Reconstruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Reconstruction?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="638828" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brand_Value">Brand Value</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="638828" type="text/json">{"id":638828,"name":"Brand Value","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brand_Value?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37019230]'), work: {"id":37019230,"title":"¿No es conmigo? es con todos. 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En el taller se propondrá la relación entre valor de marca y RSE y se explicará cómo pueden aplicarse acciones estratégicas a diferentes contextos (en este caso, el acuerdo de paz FARC-EP y Estado Colombiano), cómo se propone la medición de tales acciones y finalmente, los participantes podrán proponer acciones clave al respecto.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56968899,"asset_id":37019230,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":34409954,"first_name":"Juan-Diego","last_name":"López-Medina","domain_name":"funlam","page_name":"JuanDiegoLópezMedina","display_name":"Juan-Diego López-Medina","profile_url":"https://funlam.academia.edu/JuanDiegoL%C3%B3pezMedina?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/34409954/10069446/13861493/s65_juan_diego.l_pez-medina.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":17291,"name":"Brand equity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brand_equity?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":377558,"name":"Responsabilidad Social","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Responsabilidad_Social?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":474467,"name":"Postconflict Reconstruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Reconstruction?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":638828,"name":"Brand Value","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brand_Value?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":892228,"name":"Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corporate_Social_Responsibility_CSR_?f_ri=474467"},{"id":1194305,"name":"Posconflicto En Colombia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Posconflicto_En_Colombia?f_ri=474467"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31791934" data-work_id="31791934" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31791934/INDEBTED_THE_CRUEL_OPTIMISM_OF_LEANING_IN_TO_EMPOWERMENT_1">INDEBTED: THE CRUEL OPTIMISM OF LEANING-IN TO EMPOWERMENT 1</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Book chapter finalized and in copyediting process for publication in Janet Halley et. al, ed.s, Governance Feminisms, Univ. of Minnesota Press (Forthcoming 2017) Abstract: Lauren Berlant argues that one dimension of the cruelty of life... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_31791934" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Book chapter finalized and in copyediting process for publication in Janet Halley et. al, ed.s, Governance Feminisms, Univ. of Minnesota Press (Forthcoming 2017)<br />Abstract: Lauren Berlant argues that one dimension of the cruelty of life under late capitalism, is that we get attached to a cluster of promises regarding the good life that are generated by and embedded in conditions that are already not working. Thus, we get attached to the very conditions that defeat the fulfillment of those promises. The difficulty of detaching from these compromised conditions of possibility, traps us in a state of prolonged crisis – an impasse that naturalizes crisis into our ordinary. Berlant calls this emotion " cruel optimism " and notes that it introduces into our intimate and public lives a state of " crisis ordinariness. "This seems a particularly acute characterization of the structural function of financial debt for the economically vulnerable. Access to credit seduces with cruel optimism – it is intertwined with a cluster of promises regarding the good life while this attachment to living on credit is embedded in conditions of economic dystopia that are precarious and unsustainable. The affective structure of " empowerment " in enabling, even easing, access to credit precisely for those most financially vulnerable produces cruel optimism. Within feminist development economics, empowerment is an agential, participatory vision that shapes development policy, at once legitimizing that policy and producing crisis ordinariness in its subjects.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31791934" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c38593c51b8ae7f0c7ed28e3549871f6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":82201209,"asset_id":31791934,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82201209/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5NTAxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="11711924" href="https://nyu.academia.edu/VasukiNesiah">Vasuki Nesiah</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="11711924" type="text/json">{"id":11711924,"first_name":"Vasuki","last_name":"Nesiah","domain_name":"nyu","page_name":"VasukiNesiah","display_name":"Vasuki Nesiah","profile_url":"https://nyu.academia.edu/VasukiNesiah?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11711924/3376643/3973331/s65_vasuki.nesiah.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31791934 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31791934"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31791934, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31791934", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31791934]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_31791934").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_31791934").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="31791934"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="977" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies">Development Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="977" type="text/json">{"id":977,"name":"Development Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1192" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminist_Theory">Feminist Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1192" type="text/json">{"id":1192,"name":"Feminist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminist_Theory?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5756" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microfinance">Microfinance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5756" type="text/json">{"id":5756,"name":"Microfinance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microfinance?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8470" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Empowerment">Empowerment</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8470" type="text/json">{"id":8470,"name":"Empowerment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Empowerment?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=31791934]'), work: {"id":31791934,"title":"INDEBTED: THE CRUEL OPTIMISM OF LEANING-IN TO EMPOWERMENT 1","created_at":"2017-03-09T11:36:27.956-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/31791934/INDEBTED_THE_CRUEL_OPTIMISM_OF_LEANING_IN_TO_EMPOWERMENT_1?f_ri=474467","dom_id":"work_31791934","summary":"Book chapter finalized and in copyediting process for publication in Janet Halley et. al, ed.s, Governance Feminisms, Univ. of Minnesota Press (Forthcoming 2017)\nAbstract: Lauren Berlant argues that one dimension of the cruelty of life under late capitalism, is that we get attached to a cluster of promises regarding the good life that are generated by and embedded in conditions that are already not working. Thus, we get attached to the very conditions that defeat the fulfillment of those promises. The difficulty of detaching from these compromised conditions of possibility, traps us in a state of prolonged crisis – an impasse that naturalizes crisis into our ordinary. Berlant calls this emotion \" cruel optimism \" and notes that it introduces into our intimate and public lives a state of \" crisis ordinariness. \"This seems a particularly acute characterization of the structural function of financial debt for the economically vulnerable. Access to credit seduces with cruel optimism – it is intertwined with a cluster of promises regarding the good life while this attachment to living on credit is embedded in conditions of economic dystopia that are precarious and unsustainable. The affective structure of \" empowerment \" in enabling, even easing, access to credit precisely for those most financially vulnerable produces cruel optimism. Within feminist development economics, empowerment is an agential, participatory vision that shapes development policy, at once legitimizing that policy and producing crisis ordinariness in its subjects.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":82201209,"asset_id":31791934,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":11711924,"first_name":"Vasuki","last_name":"Nesiah","domain_name":"nyu","page_name":"VasukiNesiah","display_name":"Vasuki Nesiah","profile_url":"https://nyu.academia.edu/VasukiNesiah?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11711924/3376643/3973331/s65_vasuki.nesiah.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":977,"name":"Development Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":1192,"name":"Feminist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminist_Theory?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":5756,"name":"Microfinance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microfinance?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":8470,"name":"Empowerment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Empowerment?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":12420,"name":"Neoliberalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoliberalism?f_ri=474467"},{"id":35536,"name":"Role of women in development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Role_of_women_in_development?f_ri=474467"},{"id":44567,"name":"Postconflict Peacebuilding and Everyday Priorities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Peacebuilding_and_Everyday_Priorities?f_ri=474467"},{"id":49663,"name":"Women and Gender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Women_and_Gender_Studies?f_ri=474467"},{"id":49882,"name":"Gender Issues and Women Empowerment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Issues_and_Women_Empowerment?f_ri=474467"},{"id":474467,"name":"Postconflict Reconstruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Reconstruction?f_ri=474467"},{"id":622122,"name":"UNSCR 1325","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/UNSCR_1325?f_ri=474467"},{"id":793920,"name":"Microfinance and women's empowerment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microfinance_and_womens_empowerment?f_ri=474467"},{"id":1117598,"name":"Women Peace and Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Women_Peace_and_Security-1?f_ri=474467"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12171489" data-work_id="12171489" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landmines_and_ERW">Landmines and ERW</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="447786" type="text/json">{"id":447786,"name":"Landmines and ERW","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landmines_and_ERW?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="474467" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Reconstruction">Postconflict Reconstruction</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="474467" type="text/json">{"id":474467,"name":"Postconflict Reconstruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Reconstruction?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12171489]'), work: {"id":12171489,"title":"Chad LIS 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ERW","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landmines_and_ERW?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":474467,"name":"Postconflict Reconstruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postconflict_Reconstruction?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43702904" data-work_id="43702904" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43702904/Innovation_mixage_et_technicit%C3%A9_R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rences_%C3%A0_la_modernit%C3%A9_chez_les_danseurs_traditionnels_du_Rwanda">Innovation, mixage et technicité: Références à la « modernité » chez les danseurs « traditionnels » du Rwanda</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Au Rwanda actuel, l'on peut observer un réinvestissement important des danses dites « traditionnelles », notamment par la jeune population urbaine. Depuis que le Front patriotique rwandais a pris le pouvoir en mettant fin au génocide en... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43702904" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Au Rwanda actuel, l'on peut observer un réinvestissement important des danses dites « traditionnelles », notamment par la jeune population urbaine. Depuis que le Front patriotique rwandais a pris le pouvoir en mettant fin au génocide en 1994, il a lancé le projet de créer une nouvelle nation portée par une jeunesse dynamique, tournée vers l'avenir et le progrès socio-économique, sans toutefois oublier ses racines. La revita-lisation de l'héritage culturel, notamment la danse, est encouragée afin de réaliser ce projet d'une entrée dans la modernité qui reste alliée à des valeurs ancestrales. Cet article se propose ainsi d'examiner quelles sont les formes que prennent les références à la modernité dans ce contexte socio-politique pour des danseurs qui se disent « traditionnels », et comment ces références sous-tendent leurs pratiques.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43702904" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="711e02f43712702abda75b7ef9b2c140" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64007928,"asset_id":43702904,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64007928/download_file?st=MTc0MDU5NTAxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3374021" href="https://ugent.academia.edu/CarinePlancke">Carine Plancke</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3374021" type="text/json">{"id":3374021,"first_name":"Carine","last_name":"Plancke","domain_name":"ugent","page_name":"CarinePlancke","display_name":"Carine Plancke","profile_url":"https://ugent.academia.edu/CarinePlancke?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3374021/2980351/111564651/s65_carine.plancke.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43702904 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43702904"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43702904, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43702904", }); 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Cet article se propose ainsi d'examiner quelles sont les formes que prennent les références à la modernité dans ce contexte socio-politique pour des danseurs qui se disent « traditionnels », et comment ces références sous-tendent leurs pratiques.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64007928,"asset_id":43702904,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3374021,"first_name":"Carine","last_name":"Plancke","domain_name":"ugent","page_name":"CarinePlancke","display_name":"Carine Plancke","profile_url":"https://ugent.academia.edu/CarinePlancke?f_ri=474467","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3374021/2980351/111564651/s65_carine.plancke.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1556,"name":"Dance Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dance_Studies?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":1751,"name":"Creativity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Creativity?f_ri=474467","nofollow":true},{"id":4260,"name":"Anthropology Of 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