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<span>Toggle Minerals in the National Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Minerals_in_the_National_Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Uranium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uranium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Uranium</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uranium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Coal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gold" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gold"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Gold</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gold-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Cement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oil_industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oil_industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Oil industry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oil_industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Labor_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Labor_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Labor issues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Labor_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div 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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Niger_mining_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Niger_mining_map.png/330px-Niger_mining_map.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Niger_mining_map.png 1.5x" data-file-width="395" data-file-height="308" /></a><figcaption>Known and exploited Mineral resources of Niger, data derived from US Geological Survey. Colored circles represent current mining centers. Unexploited but proved resources in parentheses. * <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">Gold</a>: Au * <a href="/wiki/Coal" title="Coal">Coal</a>: C * <a href="/wiki/Diamond" title="Diamond">Diamond</a>: Dm * <a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">Iron</a> ore: Fe * <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">Limestone</a>: Ls * <a href="/wiki/Phosphate" title="Phosphate">Phosphate</a>: P * <a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">Petroleum</a>, crude: Pet * <a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin">Tin</a>: Sn </figcaption></figure> <p>The mineral mining industry is a crucial piece of the <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Niger" title="Economy of Niger">Economy of Niger</a>. Exports of minerals consistently account for 40% of exports. </p><p>Mineral commodities produced in Niger included <a href="/wiki/Cement" title="Cement">cement</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coal" title="Coal">coal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gypsum" title="Gypsum">gypsum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salt" title="Salt">salt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">silver</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin">tin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">uranium</a>. In 2006, Niger was the world's fourth-ranked producer of uranium.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A new mining code was adopted in August 2006 and the former National Mine research Office (ONAREM), whose responsibilities included organizing mining exploration programs, was replaced by two newly established entities: the geological and Mining Research Center and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_du_Patrimoine_des_Mines_du_Niger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Société du Patrimoine des Mines du Niger (page does not exist)">Mining Company of Niger (SOPaMin)</a>. SOPaMin is to hold the state's shares in the existing uranium companies and is in charge of engaging in commercial transactions, such as uranium sales. Since the adoption of the new Mining Code, the government has issued a significant number of new mineral exploration permits. Niger joined the Extractive Industry Transparency Initiative (<a href="/wiki/EITI" class="mw-redirect" title="EITI">EITI</a>) in 2005 and, as part of the EITI efforts, appointed in late 2006 a national consultative committee, which included representatives of the general public. A first audit report reconciling revenue paid by mining companies with government receipts was scheduled to be issued in late 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-usgsNiger2006_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usgsNiger2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the <a href="/wiki/2023_Nigerien_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2023 Nigerien coup d'état">2023 Nigerien coup d'état</a>, the mining ministry suspended the granting of new mining licenses while it conducted an audit of the sector.<sup id="cite_ref-mining-technology-20240126_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mining-technology-20240126-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-i24news-20230808_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-i24news-20230808-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Minerals_in_the_National_Economy">Minerals in the National Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oil_and_mining_industry_of_Niger&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Minerals in the National Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2006, Niger's mineral sector accounted for about 3% of the <a href="/wiki/GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP">GDP</a> and for about 40% of exports. according to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), a renewed interest in the generation of nuclear energy had led to increased demand for uranium, encouraged investment expansions at existing uranium mines, and promoted exploration. Foreign direct investment in the sector by renowned French company AREVA from 2008 to 2012 was projected to be $1.4 billion, which would double the country's uranium production capacity<sup id="cite_ref-usgsNiger2006_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usgsNiger2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uranium">Uranium</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oil_and_mining_industry_of_Niger&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Uranium"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/SOMAIR" title="SOMAIR">SOMAIR</a>, <a href="/wiki/COMINAK" title="COMINAK">COMINAK</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Imouraren_mine" title="Imouraren mine">Imouraren mine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MineArlit1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/MineArlit1.jpg/220px-MineArlit1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/MineArlit1.jpg/330px-MineArlit1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/MineArlit1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="345" data-file-height="347" /></a><figcaption>Arlit mine open pit uranium mine operated by SOMAIR near Arlit, Niger</figcaption></figure> <p>Niger produces about 5% of world uranium output, providing Africa's highest-grade <a href="/wiki/Uranium_ore" title="Uranium ore">uranium ore</a>. It produced 2,020 tonnes of uranium in 2022, down from 4,821 tonnes in 2012 and 2,991 tonnes in 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-reuters-20230731_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters-20230731-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From the 1950s, Niger has been known to have large uranium deposits in the desert north of the <a href="/wiki/Agadez_Region" title="Agadez Region">Agadez Region</a>, which is located about 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) northeast of Niamey.<sup id="cite_ref-usgsNiger2006_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usgsNiger2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1971, the first mine was opened outside <a href="/wiki/Arlit" title="Arlit">Arlit</a> and operated by <a href="/wiki/SOMAIR" title="SOMAIR">SOMAIR</a>, a national company with <a href="/wiki/Areva" title="Areva">Areva</a> and the government of Niger as shareholders. SOMAIR was owned by <a href="/wiki/Areva_NC" class="mw-redirect" title="Areva NC">Areva</a> (63.4%) and the government of Niger (36.6%), and employed about 600 people. </p><p>From 1978 to 2021, the second uranium mining project in <a href="/wiki/Akokan,_Niger" title="Akokan, Niger">Akokan</a> near Arlit produced 75,000 tonnes of uranium.<sup id="cite_ref-reuters-20230731_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters-20230731-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was operated by <a href="/wiki/COMINAK" title="COMINAK">COMINAK</a>, a national company, like SOMAIR with Areva and the government of Niger as shareholders. COMINAK was owned by <a href="/wiki/Areva_NC" class="mw-redirect" title="Areva NC">Areva NC</a> (34%), the government of Niger(31%), Overseas Uranium Resources Development Company of Japan (25%), and Enusa industrias avanzadas, S.a. of <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> (10%). It employed about 1,100 people. The underground mine of Akokan was the largest underground uranium mine in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mining activities created an economic boom in the country, as Nigerien budgets flourished in the 1970s due to record uranium prices. Extracted uranium from SOMAIR and COMINAK was initially sold entirely by French concessionary corporations, with contracts later revised to give Niger both an overall contract payment, rent, and a smaller amount of ore it could sell on world markets.<sup id="cite_ref-Decalo1997_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Decalo1997-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to the mines of SOMAIR and COMINAK, the Azelik mine at<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (May 2024)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> 200 kilometres (120 mi) of <a href="/wiki/Arlit" title="Arlit">Arlit</a> was opened in 2011 and operated by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_des_mines_d%27Azelik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Société des mines d'Azelik (page does not exist)">SOMINA</a>. The stakeholders in SOMINA are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Nuclear_Corporation" title="China National Nuclear Corporation">China National Nuclear Corporation</a> (37.2%)</li> <li>the government of Niger through the national mining company (SOPAMIN) (33%)</li> <li>ZXJOY, a Chinese company (24.8%)</li> <li>KORES, a Korean national company (5%).</li></ul> <p>Uranium ore mined in the Arlit area (<a href="/wiki/Agadez_Region" title="Agadez Region">Agadez Region</a>) is extracted as <a href="/wiki/Triuranium_octoxide" title="Triuranium octoxide">triuranium octoxide</a> (U<sub>3</sub>O<sub>8</sub>). </p> <ul><li>The SOMAIR mine had uranium reserve of 14,000 tonnes (with U<sub>3</sub>O<sub>8</sub> @ 0.3%) as of 2011 and a production capacity of 2,700 tonnes per year.<sup id="cite_ref-marketwire_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marketwire-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mineafrica_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mineafrica-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The COMINAK concession totaled 29,000 tonnes (U<sub>3</sub>O<sub>8</sub> @ 0.4%) and had a production capacity of 1,500 tonnes per year.<sup id="cite_ref-marketwire_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marketwire-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mineafrica_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mineafrica-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Azelik mine operated by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_des_mines_d%27Azelik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Société des mines d'Azelik (page does not exist)">SOMINA</a> had a production rate of 700 tonnes per year in 2011, and was expected to increase to 2500 tonnes per year by 2015.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The date of the event predicted near this tag has passed. (May 2024)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Imouraren_mine" title="Imouraren mine">Imouraren mine</a>, construction currently suspended,<sup id="cite_ref-africanews-20230319_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-africanews-20230319-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is expected<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (May 2024)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> to have the largest uranium reserves in Niger (120,000 tonnes) albeit at a lower concentration of uranium (U<sub>3</sub>O<sub>8</sub> @ 0.15%).<sup id="cite_ref-marketwire_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marketwire-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mine, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) south of Arlit, was granted in July 2006 to Areva for an ore body originally discovered in 1969. One hundred people were employed at the site in 2006; more than 55 kilometres (34 mi) of development drilling had been completed at the site during a period of one year and more than 2 tonnes of ore had been shipped for testing to Areva's laboratories.<sup id="cite_ref-usgsNiger2006_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usgsNiger2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was however decided in 2014 by Areva and the government of Niger following new contract discussions that plan to launch the mine will delayed pending favorable market conditions.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (May 2024)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Nigerian people believe that the partnership with France is quite unequal.According to Niger Energy Minister, in 2010, Niger exported nearly 3.5 billion euros of uranium mines to France, but only earned 459 million in profits. Since the coup in Niger at the end of July 2023, calls for France to withdraw have never stopped due to local opposition. In addition to raising prices, the military government also threatened to ban France from continuing to mine uranium. </p><p>In june 2024, the military government of Niger decided to revoke the uranium mining license of the French state-owned Orano Nuclear Energy Group in the Imouraren mine in the country. The mine is located west of Ayr in northern Niger and is considered one of the largest uranium deposits in the world, with reserves of 200,000 tons, later in july, the Niger government decided to revoke the Madaouela uranium mine license of Canada's GoviEx Uranium. </p><p>In July 2024, the U.S. African Discovery Group signed a letter of intent for a uranium exploration licence for the Ouricha-3 deposit, in the <a href="/wiki/Agadez_Region" title="Agadez Region">Agadez Region</a> 20 km south of the <a href="/wiki/Imouraren_mine" title="Imouraren mine">Imouraren mine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-wnn-20240718_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wnn-20240718-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of August 2024, Global Atomic is continuing to develop its Dasa Uranium mine and processing plant, which employs over 450 people increasing later to 900. It is expected to be the highest-grade uranium project in Africa and start operating in 2026. It is located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) southeast of the Ouricha-3 deposit.<sup id="cite_ref-wnn-20240814_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wnn-20240814-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wnn-20240718_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wnn-20240718-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coal">Coal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oil_and_mining_industry_of_Niger&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Coal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Coal_mining_in_Niger" title="Coal mining in Niger">Coal mining in Niger</a></div> <p>The history of coal exploration and mining dates back to 1968 when coal reserves were discovered in Anou Araren by an exploration team led by the French Atomic Commission <a href="/wiki/Commissariat_%C3%A0_l%27%C3%A9nergie_atomique" class="mw-redirect" title="Commissariat à l'énergie atomique">Commissariat à l'énergie atomique</a>. This discovery and the parallel discovery and exploitation of uranium mines in the same region of Niger lead to the creation of SONICHAR in 1975. The goal was to mine coal which will be used as a fuel to power the thermal power plants in order to supply power to uranium mining activities in Arlit. In 1980, coal mining began at Anou Araren and a year later, the thermal power plant was in operation. Since then, coal mining projects have stagnated. In 2008, coal reserves . In 2014, construction for the second coal mine began in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Salkadamna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salkadamna (page does not exist)">Salkadamna</a> in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Takanamatt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Takanamatt (page does not exist)">Takanamatt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tahoua_Region" title="Tahoua Region">Tahoua Region</a>. The coal extracted from the mine will supply a 600 MW power plant and coal briquette plant adjacent to the mine.<sup id="cite_ref-actu1_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-actu1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> The Anou Araren coal reserves are estimated at 15 million tonnes and in 2011, 246,016 tonnes of coal were extracted from the mine.<sup id="cite_ref-.iaea1_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-.iaea1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ins201101_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ins201101-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The coal reserves at Salkadamna are estimated at 70 million tonnes.<sup id="cite_ref-.iaea1_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-.iaea1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gold">Gold</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oil_and_mining_industry_of_Niger&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Gold"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Samira_Hill_Gold_Mine" title="Samira Hill Gold Mine">Samira Hill Gold Mine</a></div> <p>Exploitable deposits of gold have long been known to exist in south western region of Niger and more recently in northern region of Agadez. Artisanal gold mining was already conducted between the Niger River and the border with <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ussd2008_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ussd2008-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2004, the Samira Hill Gold Mine, operated by Mining company of Liptako, began production. The mining company of Liptako owned by two Canadian companies at 40% each and the government of Niger at 20%. The gold production in 2011 is 1,564 kg from this mine and has decreased steadily since 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014, two gold deposits have been found in the <a href="/wiki/Agadez_Region" title="Agadez Region">Agadez Region</a> in Djado and Mount Ibl, 700 and 360 km from Agadez city, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-djadoAgadez_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-djadoAgadez-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-iblAgadez_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iblAgadez-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The site in Djado was discovered in April 2014 and resulted in a gold rush that attracted local inhabitants of Agadez as well as prospectors from neighboring countries like Chad, Sudan and Burkina Faso. Activities at the Djado site were temporarily ceased in order to organize exploration and artisanal extraction activities, to improve infrastructures, principally water supply and to improve the security presence. The site near Mount Ibl was discovered in September 2014. Exploration permits are required for all prospectors prior to accessing the sites. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cement">Cement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oil_and_mining_industry_of_Niger&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Cement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The cement extraction industry has existed in Niger since 1964 when the Malbaza cement plant was opened.<sup id="cite_ref-sahel1_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sahel1-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Located in the <a href="/wiki/Tahoua_Region" title="Tahoua Region">Tahoua Region</a>, the cement plant has been the only such project until 2014. In 2011, work for expanding the cement plant of Malbaza began with the expectation to increase its production capacity 13-fold. In 2014, work began for a new cement plant in <a href="/wiki/Keita_Department" title="Keita Department">Keita</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Tahoua_Region" title="Tahoua Region">Tahoua Region</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-keita1_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-keita1-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> The Malbaza cement plant presently produces 40,000 tonnes per year and, upon expansion, is expected to reach 540,000 tonnes per year.<sup id="cite_ref-sahel1_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sahel1-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Keita cement under construction is expected to produce 1 million tonnes per year at startup and 1.5 million tonnes per year afterwards.<sup id="cite_ref-keita1_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-keita1-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oil_industry">Oil industry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oil_and_mining_industry_of_Niger&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Oil industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry_in_Niger" title="Petroleum industry in Niger">Petroleum industry in Niger</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oil_and_mining_industry_of_Niger&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Oil was first found by <a href="/wiki/Texaco" title="Texaco">Texaco</a> and <a href="/wiki/Esso" title="Esso">Esso</a> in 1975 in the Agadem oilfield, in the far east of the country.<sup id="cite_ref-schritt-2018_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schritt-2018-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Niger signed a production-sharing agreement with the <a href="/wiki/China_National_Petroleum_Corporation" title="China National Petroleum Corporation">China National Petroleum Corporation</a> (CNPC) in June 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc-20080603_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-20080603-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A small oil refinery with capacity of around 20,000-barrel-per-day (3,200 m<sup>3</sup>/d) was built by CNPC near <a href="/wiki/Zinder" title="Zinder">Zinder</a>, which started production in November 2011 mostly for the domestic market. The refinery is operated by the Society of the Zinder Refinery (SORAZ). A 462 kilometres (287 mi) pipeline connects the oilfield to the refinery. Government revenue from this is over $100 million per year, about 5% of Niger's GDP, and slightly higher than from the uranium extraction industry.<sup id="cite_ref-schritt-2018_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schritt-2018-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-reuters-20240413_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters-20240413-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Niger made an export agreement with CNPC for crude oil from the Agadem oilfield.<sup id="cite_ref-reuters-20240413_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters-20240413-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2023, China is building a new oil pipeline to export light, high-quality oil through <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a>. Oil exported through this pipeline could provide up to 45% of Niger's tax revenue.<sup id="cite_ref-i24news-20230808_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-i24news-20230808-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Operations are expected to start in 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-reuters-20231211_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters-20231211-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bbc-20240509_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-20240509-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Labor_issues">Labor issues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oil_and_mining_industry_of_Niger&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Labor issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Labor" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of Labor">U.S. Department of Labor</a>, 47.8% of children aged 5 to 14 are working children and 4.3% of them are engaged in hazardous activities in the industrial sector, mining for <a href="/wiki/Trona" title="Trona">trona</a>, salt, gypsum, <a href="/wiki/Natron" title="Natron">natron</a> and gold.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Department's 2014 <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Goods_Produced_by_Child_Labor_or_Forced_Labor" title="List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor">List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor</a></i> reported that Niger's mining industry still resorts to such practices in the production of these goods. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oil_and_mining_industry_of_Niger&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Niger" title="Economy of Niger">Economy of Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger_uranium_forgeries" title="Niger uranium forgeries">Niger uranium forgeries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_gold_production" title="List of countries by gold production">List of countries by gold production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_uranium_production" title="List of countries by uranium production">List of countries by uranium production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranium_reserves" class="mw-redirect" title="Uranium reserves">Uranium reserves</a> (list by nation)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oil_and_mining_industry_of_Niger&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Uranium information Centre Ltd., 2007, World uranium mining—nuclear issues briefing paper 41: Melbourne, Australia, uranium information Centre Ltd., July. (accessed November 1, 2007, at <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080303224226/http://www.uic.com.au/nip41.htm">"World Uranium Mining"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uic.com.au/nip41.htm">the original</a> on 2008-03-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-04-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Uranium+Mining&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uic.com.au%2Fnip41.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOil+and+mining+industry+of+Niger" class="Z3988"></span> .)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-usgsNiger2006-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-usgsNiger2006_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-usgsNiger2006_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-usgsNiger2006_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-usgsNiger2006_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">U.S. Geological Survey/Omayra Bermúdez-Lugo. The Mineral industries of Mauritania and Niger. in U.S. Geological Survey Minerals Yearbook 2006. U.S. Geological Survey/U.S. Department of the Interior (July 2008) Note: this publication is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_Domain" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Domain">Public Domain</a>, and large portions of it are reproduced here verbatim.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a>, 2007b, p. 5; 2007c, p. 9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mining-technology-20240126-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mining-technology-20240126_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCossins-Smith2024" class="citation news cs1">Cossins-Smith, Annabel (26 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mining-technology.com/news/niger-suspends-new-mining-licenses/?cf-view">"Niger suspends granting of new mining licenses"</a>. <i>MiningTechnology</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MiningTechnology&rft.atitle=Niger+suspends+granting+of+new+mining+licenses&rft.date=2024-01-26&rft.aulast=Cossins-Smith&rft.aufirst=Annabel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mining-technology.com%2Fnews%2Fniger-suspends-new-mining-licenses%2F%3Fcf-view&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOil+and+mining+industry+of+Niger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-i24news-20230808-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-i24news-20230808_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-i24news-20230808_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElfassy2023" class="citation news cs1">Elfassy, Jérémie (8 August 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.i24news.tv/en/news/international/economy/1691490311-former-french-intelligence-agent-exposes-dirt-on-uranium-mining-operation-in-niger">"Former French Intelligence agent exposes dirt on uranium mining operation in Niger"</a>. <i>i24NEWS</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=i24NEWS&rft.atitle=Former+French+Intelligence+agent+exposes+dirt+on+uranium+mining+operation+in+Niger&rft.date=2023-08-08&rft.aulast=Elfassy&rft.aufirst=J%C3%A9r%C3%A9mie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.i24news.tv%2Fen%2Fnews%2Finternational%2Feconomy%2F1691490311-former-french-intelligence-agent-exposes-dirt-on-uranium-mining-operation-in-niger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOil+and+mining+industry+of+Niger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">International Monetary Fund, 2007a, p. 9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-reuters-20230731-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-reuters-20230731_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-reuters-20230731_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOnstad2023" class="citation news cs1">Onstad, Eric (31 July 2023). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/markets/commodities/uranium-mines-niger-worlds-7th-biggest-producer-2023-07-28/">"Niger is among the world's biggest uranium producers"</a></span>. Reuters<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Niger+is+among+the+world%27s+biggest+uranium+producers&rft.date=2023-07-31&rft.aulast=Onstad&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fmarkets%2Fcommodities%2Furanium-mines-niger-worlds-7th-biggest-producer-2023-07-28%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOil+and+mining+industry+of+Niger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stat-niger.org/statistique/file/Annuaires_Statistiques/INS_2012/AS2008-2012INDUSTRIEXTRACTIVE.pdf">Production and exportation de l'uranium</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714170118/http://www.stat-niger.org/statistique/file/Annuaires_Statistiques/INS_2012/AS2008-2012INDUSTRIEXTRACTIVE.pdf">Archived</a> 2014-07-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.areva.com/EN/operations-602/cominak-operator-of-the-largest-underground-uranium-mine.html">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714155017/http://www.areva.com/EN/operations-602/cominak-operator-of-the-largest-underground-uranium-mine.html">Archived</a> 2014-07-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> COMINAK, The largest underground uranium mine</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Decalo1997-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Decalo1997_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDecalo1997" class="citation book cs1">Decalo, Samuel (1997). <i>Historical Dictionary of the Niger (3rd ed.)</i>. Boston & Folkestone: Scarecrow Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8108-3136-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8108-3136-8"><bdi>0-8108-3136-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+the+Niger+%283rd+ed.%29&rft.place=Boston+%26+Folkestone&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-8108-3136-8&rft.aulast=Decalo&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOil+and+mining+industry+of+Niger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-marketwire-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-marketwire_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-marketwire_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-marketwire_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marketwire.com/press-release/orezone-gold-corporation-brighton-energy-discovers-additional-uranium-mineralization-tsx-ore-1514818.htm">Brighton Energy Discovers Additional Uranium Mineralization in Niger</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121002082532/http://www.marketwire.com/press-release/orezone-gold-corporation-brighton-energy-discovers-additional-uranium-mineralization-tsx-ore-1514818.htm">Archived</a> 2012-10-02 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Orezone Gold Corporation, Marketwire, 2011-05-16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mineafrica-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mineafrica_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mineafrica_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.mineafrica.com/documents/B4%20-%20Niger.pdf">[2]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714171624/http://www.mineafrica.com/documents/B4%20-%20Niger.pdf">Archived</a> 2014-07-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Positioning Niger's mining & industrial sector to win</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">OpenOil : <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://openoil.net/wiki/fr/index.php?title=Coentreprises_dans_l'Industrie_Mini%C3%A8re_du_Niger"><i>La SOMINA</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210318152222/http://openoil.net/wiki/fr/index.php?title=Coentreprises_dans_l%27Industrie_Mini%C3%A8re_du_Niger">Archived</a> 2021-03-18 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-africanews-20230319-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-africanews-20230319_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.africanews.com/2023/03/19/french-nuclear-giant-to-explore-potential-of-uranium-deposit-in-niger//">"French nuclear giant to explore potential of uranium deposit in Niger"</a>. <i>Africanews</i>. 19 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Africanews&rft.atitle=French+nuclear+giant+to+explore+potential+of+uranium+deposit+in+Niger&rft.date=2023-03-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.africanews.com%2F2023%2F03%2F19%2Ffrench-nuclear-giant-to-explore-potential-of-uranium-deposit-in-niger%2F%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOil+and+mining+industry+of+Niger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Areva NC, 2006, reference document: Paris, France, areva nv, 392 p. p. 62-71</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.mining.com/areva-reaches-uranium-mining-deal-with-niger-delays-project-46579/">[3]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714050943/http://www.mining.com/areva-reaches-uranium-mining-deal-with-niger-delays-project-46579/">Archived</a> 2014-07-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Imouraren mine opening delayed</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wnn-20240718-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wnn-20240718_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wnn-20240718_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Transfer-of-exploration-licence-for-Niger-uranium">"Transfer of exploration licence for Niger uranium deposit"</a>. <i>World Nuclear News</i>. 18 July 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Nuclear+News&rft.atitle=Transfer+of+exploration+licence+for+Niger+uranium+deposit&rft.date=2024-07-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.world-nuclear-news.org%2FArticles%2FTransfer-of-exploration-licence-for-Niger-uranium&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOil+and+mining+industry+of+Niger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wnn-20240814-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wnn-20240814_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Niger-government-continues-to-support-Dasa,-Global">"Niger government continues to support Dasa, Global Atomic says"</a>. <i>World Nuclear News</i>. 14 August 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Nuclear+News&rft.atitle=Niger+government+continues+to+support+Dasa%2C+Global+Atomic+says&rft.date=2024-08-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.world-nuclear-news.org%2FArticles%2FNiger-government-continues-to-support-Dasa%2C-Global&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOil+and+mining+industry+of+Niger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-actu1-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-actu1_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.actuniger.com/societe/8490-pose-de-la-1ere-pierre-du-complexe-charbonnier-de-salkadamna-dans-la-region-de-tahoua-lueur-d-espoir-pour-l-independance-energetique-du-niger.html">[4]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140628192029/http://actuniger.com/societe/8490-pose-de-la-1ere-pierre-du-complexe-charbonnier-de-salkadamna-dans-la-region-de-tahoua-lueur-d-espoir-pour-l-independance-energetique-du-niger.html">Archived</a> 2014-06-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Beginning of construction for the Salkadamna coal and power plant complex</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-.iaea1-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-.iaea1_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-.iaea1_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.iaea.org/INPRO/4th_Dialogue_Forum/DAY_3_01_August-ready/10._-_Niger-_Presentation_INPRO_DIALOGUE-VF.pdf">[5]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714181856/http://www.iaea.org/INPRO/4th_Dialogue_Forum/DAY_3_01_August-ready/10._-_Niger-_Presentation_INPRO_DIALOGUE-VF.pdf">Archived</a> 2014-07-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Drivers and Impediments Regional Cooperation on the Way to Sustainable Nuclear Energy Systems</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ins201101-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ins201101_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.stat-niger.org/statistique/file/Annuaires_Statistiques/INS_2012/AS2008-2012INDUSTRIEXTRACTIVE.pdf">[6]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714170118/http://www.stat-niger.org/statistique/file/Annuaires_Statistiques/INS_2012/AS2008-2012INDUSTRIEXTRACTIVE.pdf">Archived</a> 2014-07-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> La production du charbon au Niger - Annuaire statistique du Niger 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ussd2008-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ussd2008_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5474.htm">Background Note:Niger</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190524232128/https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5474.htm">Archived</a> 2019-05-24 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, United States State Department, Bureau of Public Affairs: Electronic Information and Publications Office. 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September 2008. <i>This article incorporates text from this U.S. government source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.stat-niger.org/statistique/file/Annuaires_Statistiques/INS_2012/AS2008-2012INDUSTRIEXTRACTIVE.pdf">[7]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714170118/http://www.stat-niger.org/statistique/file/Annuaires_Statistiques/INS_2012/AS2008-2012INDUSTRIEXTRACTIVE.pdf">Archived</a> 2014-07-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Production de produit mineraux Table 27.02</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-djadoAgadez-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-djadoAgadez_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lesahel.org/index.php/component/k2/item/5499-agadez-d%C3%A9couverte-dun-site-aurif%C3%A8re--ru%C3%A9e-vers-lor-au-djado">Discovery of Gold Deposit in Djado in Agadez</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141020053258/http://www.lesahel.org/index.php/component/k2/item/5499-agadez-d%C3%A9couverte-dun-site-aurif%C3%A8re--ru%C3%A9e-vers-lor-au-djado">Archived</a> 2014-10-20 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.<i>Last accessed on 9/20/2014</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-iblAgadez-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-iblAgadez_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lesahel.org/index.php/societe/item/6572-agadez--d%C3%A9couverte-dun-nouveau-site-aurif%C3%A8re-dans-le-massif-de-ibl">Discovery of a new Gold Deposit around Mount Ibl in Agadez</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140913094633/http://www.lesahel.org/index.php/societe/item/6572-agadez--d%C3%A9couverte-dun-nouveau-site-aurif%C3%A8re-dans-le-massif-de-ibl">Archived</a> 2014-09-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.<i>Last accessed 9/20/2014</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sahel1-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sahel1_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sahel1_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.lesahel.org/index.php/component/k2/item/83-en-attendant-le-ciment-de-la-nouvelle-cimenterie-de-malbaza">[8]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714152909/http://www.lesahel.org/index.php/component/k2/item/83-en-attendant-le-ciment-de-la-nouvelle-cimenterie-de-malbaza">Archived</a> 2014-07-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Awaiting for the cement plant of Malbaza</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-keita1-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-keita1_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-keita1_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.actuniger.com/societe/8214-pose-de-la-premiere-pierre-de-la-cimenterie-de-keita-bientot-du-ciment-made-in-niger-sur-le-marche-national-et-dans-les-pays-voisins.html">[9]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714223349/http://www.actuniger.com/societe/8214-pose-de-la-premiere-pierre-de-la-cimenterie-de-keita-bientot-du-ciment-made-in-niger-sur-le-marche-national-et-dans-les-pays-voisins.html">Archived</a> 2014-07-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Launching of construction work for the second cement plant in Niger in Keita, Tahoua</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-schritt-2018-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-schritt-2018_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-schritt-2018_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchrittSchareika2018" class="citation journal cs1">Schritt, Jannik; 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Niger+set+to+become+oil+producer&rft.date=2008-06-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fbusiness%2F7434092.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOil+and+mining+industry+of+Niger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-reuters-20240413-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-reuters-20240413_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-reuters-20240413_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalima2024" class="citation news cs1">Balima, Boureima (13 April 2024). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/markets/commodities/niger-china-sign-crude-oil-mou-worth-400-mln-says-niger-state-tv-2024-04-13/">"Niger and China sign crude oil MOU worth 00 mln, says Niger state TV"</a></span>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Niger+and+China+sign+crude+oil+MOU+worth+00+mln%2C+says+Niger+state+TV&rft.date=2024-04-13&rft.aulast=Balima&rft.aufirst=Boureima&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fmarkets%2Fcommodities%2Fniger-china-sign-crude-oil-mou-worth-400-mln-says-niger-state-tv-2024-04-13%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOil+and+mining+industry+of+Niger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-reuters-20231211-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-reuters-20231211_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFelix2023" class="citation news cs1">Felix, Bate (11 December 2023). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/niger-aims-start-oil-exports-benin-pipeline-january-leader-says-2023-12-11/">"Niger aims to start oil exports from Benin pipeline in January, leader says"</a></span>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Niger+aims+to+start+oil+exports+from+Benin+pipeline+in+January%2C+leader+says&rft.date=2023-12-11&rft.aulast=Felix&rft.aufirst=Bate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fbusiness%2Fenergy%2Fniger-aims-start-oil-exports-benin-pipeline-january-leader-says-2023-12-11%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOil+and+mining+industry+of+Niger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc-20240509-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bbc-20240509_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRukanga2024" class="citation news cs1">Rukanga, Basillioh (9 May 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cmm3dr2e5lqo">"Benin blocks Niger oil exports in border row"</a>. <i>BBC News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Benin+blocks+Niger+oil+exports+in+border+row&rft.date=2024-05-09&rft.aulast=Rukanga&rft.aufirst=Basillioh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Farticles%2Fcmm3dr2e5lqo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOil+and+mining+industry+of+Niger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dol.gov/ilab/reports/child-labor/niger.htm">"Niger, 2013 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150303053045/http://www.dol.gov/ilab/reports/child-labor/niger.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-03-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-04-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Niger%2C+2013+Findings+on+the+Worst+Forms+of+Child+Labor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dol.gov%2Filab%2Freports%2Fchild-labor%2Fniger.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOil+and+mining+industry+of+Niger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/Niger">U.S. geological Survey Minerals yearbook, volume iii, area reports—international— africa and the Middle east</a>,.</li> <li>International Monetary Fund, 2007a, Fourth review under the three-year arrangement under the poverty reduction and growth facility and request for waiver and modification of performance criteria: Washington, dC, International Monetary Fund, July, 45 p.</li> <li>International Monetary Fund, 2007b, Letter of intent, memorandum of economic and financial policies of the government of Niger for 2007, and technical memorandum of understanding for 2007: Washington, dC, International Monetary Fund, 21 p.</li> <li>International Monetary Fund, 2007c, Letter of intent, memorandum of economic and financial policies, and technical memorandum of understanding: Washington, dC, International Monetary Fund, May 16, 23 p.</li> <li>Mining Journal, 2006, China in Niger: Mining Journal, July 21, p. 1.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oil_and_mining_industry_of_Niger&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090309030643/http://eitransparency.org/Niger">Niger country page at EITI international 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/20px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/30px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/40px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Niger" title="Economy of Niger">Economy of Niger</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Currency: <a href="/wiki/CFA_franc" title="CFA franc">CFA Franc</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Communications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banking_in_Niger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banking in Niger (page does not 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href="/wiki/Mining_in_Burkina_Faso" class="mw-redirect" title="Mining in Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Burundi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mining in Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Cameroon" class="mw-redirect" title="Mining in Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Cape_Verde" class="mw-redirect" title="Mining in Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_the_Central_African_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Mining in the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Chad" class="mw-redirect" title="Mining in Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_the_Comoros" class="mw-redirect" title="Mining in the Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Mining in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Mining in the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mining_in_Djibouti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mining in Djibouti (page does not exist)">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Mining in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Equatorial_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Mining in Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Eritrea" class="mw-redirect" title="Mining in Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Eswatini" class="mw-redirect" title="Mining in Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Ethiopia" title="Mining in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mining_in_Gabon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mining in Gabon (page does not exist)">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_the_Gambia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mining in the Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Ghana" class="mw-redirect" title="Mining in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Mining in Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Guinea-Bissau" class="mw-redirect" title="Mining in Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Ivory_Coast" class="mw-redirect" title="Mining in Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Kenya" class="mw-redirect" title="Mining in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Lesotho" class="mw-redirect" title="Mining in Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Liberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mining in Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="Mining in Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Madagascar" class="mw-redirect" title="Mining in Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Malawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mining in Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Mali" class="mw-redirect" title="Mining in Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Mauritania" title="Mining in Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Mauritius" class="mw-redirect" title="Mining in Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Morocco" class="mw-redirect" title="Mining in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Mozambique" class="mw-redirect" title="Mining in Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Namibia" title="Mining in Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Niger" class="mw-redirect" title="Mining in Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Mining in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Rwanda" title="Mining in Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" class="mw-redirect" title="Mining in São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Senegal" class="mw-redirect" title="Mining in Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Seychelles" class="mw-redirect" title="Mining in Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Sierra_Leone" title="Mining in Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Somalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mining in Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Mining in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_South_Sudan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mining in South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Sudan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mining in Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Tanzania" class="mw-redirect" title="Mining in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Togo" class="mw-redirect" title="Mining in Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Tunisia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mining in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Uganda" class="mw-redirect" title="Mining in Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Zambia" title="Mining in Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Zimbabwe" class="mw-redirect" title="Mining in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">States with limited<br />recognition</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mining_in_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mining in the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (page does not exist)">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Somaliland" class="mw-redirect" title="Mining in Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Dependencies and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mining_in_the_Canary_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mining in the Canary Islands (page does not exist)">Canary Islands</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mining_in_Ceuta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mining in Ceuta (page does not exist)">Ceuta</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mining_in_Melilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mining in Melilla (page does not exist)">Melilla</a>  <span style="font-size:85%;">(Spain)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mining_in_Madeira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mining in Madeira (page does not exist)">Madeira</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Portugal)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mining_in_Mayotte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mining in Mayotte (page does not exist)">Mayotte</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mining_in_R%C3%A9union" class="mw-redirect" title="Mining in Réunion">Réunion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(France)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mining_in_Saint_Helena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mining in Saint Helena (page does not exist)">Saint Helena</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mining_in_Ascension_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mining in Ascension Island (page does not exist)">Ascension Island</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mining_in_Tristan_da_Cunha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mining in Tristan da Cunha (page does not exist)">Tristan da Cunha</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(United Kingdom)</span></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oil_and_mining_industry_of_Niger&oldid=1258581303">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oil_and_mining_industry_of_Niger&oldid=1258581303</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mining_in_Niger" title="Category:Mining in Niger">Mining in Niger</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Economy_of_Niger" title="Category:Economy of Niger">Economy of 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