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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Creation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Creation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Creation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Creation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-Fukushima_problems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-Fukushima_problems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Post-Fukushima problems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-Fukushima_problems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Restructuring" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Restructuring"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Restructuring</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Restructuring-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Current operations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Past_operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Past_operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Past operations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Past_operations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Past operations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Past_operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nuclear_operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nuclear_operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Nuclear operations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nuclear_operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Renewable_energy_operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Renewable_energy_operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Renewable energy operations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Renewable_energy_operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Other operations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_incidents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_incidents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notable incidents</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_incidents-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable incidents subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_incidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2007_fine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2007_fine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>2007 fine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2007_fine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Libya_deal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Libya_deal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Libya deal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Libya_deal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bakouma_assault" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bakouma_assault"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Bakouma assault</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bakouma_assault-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Attack_in_Niger" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attack_in_Niger"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Attack in Niger</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attack_in_Niger-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tuareg_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tuareg_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Tuareg people</span> 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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span 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Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A7" title="آرافا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="آرافا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Areva" title="Areva – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Areva" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Areva" title="Areva – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Areva" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Areva" title="Areva – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Areva" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Areva" title="Areva – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Areva" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Areva" title="Areva – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Areva" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7" title="آریوا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آریوا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Areva" title="Areva – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Areva" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%A0%88%EB%B0%94" title="아레바 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아레바" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Areva" title="Areva – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Areva" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%A9%E3%83%8E" title="オラノ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オラノ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Areva" title="Areva – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Areva" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Areva" title="Areva – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Areva" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Areva" title="Areva – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Areva" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Areva" title="Areva – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Areva" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Areva" title="Areva – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Areva" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%B5%B7%E7%8F%90" title="阿海珐 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿海珐" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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searchaux" style="display:none">Defunct French nuclear and renewable energy provider</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about a nuclear technology company. For the genus of moths, see <a href="/wiki/Areva_(moth)" title="Areva (moth)"><i>Areva</i> (moth)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org" style="font-size: 125%;">Areva S.A.</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Areva_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0f/Areva_Logo.svg/220px-Areva_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0f/Areva_Logo.svg/330px-Areva_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0f/Areva_Logo.svg/440px-Areva_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="138" data-file-height="83" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Areva1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0f/Areva1.jpg/220px-Areva1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0f/Areva1.jpg/330px-Areva1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0f/Areva1.jpg/440px-Areva1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Courbevoie" title="Courbevoie">Courbevoie</a>, France</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/State-owned_enterprise" title="State-owned enterprise">State-owned enterprise</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear industry">Nuclear industry</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessors</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Framatome" title="Framatome">Framatome</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Cogema" class="mw-redirect" title="Cogema">Cogema</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=TechnicAtome&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TechnicAtome (page does not exist)">TechnicAtome</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">2001</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Defunct</th><td class="infobox-data">2018</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successors</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Framatome" title="Framatome">Framatome</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Orano" title="Orano">Orano</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=TechnicAtome&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TechnicAtome (page does not exist)">TechnicAtome</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="ib-company-locality locality"><a href="/wiki/Courbevoie" title="Courbevoie">Courbevoie</a>, Paris</div>, <div class="ib-company-country country-name">France</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Area served</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Worldwide</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippe_Braidy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philippe Braidy (page does not exist)">Philippe Braidy</a> (chairman and chief executive officer)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reactors" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear reactors">Nuclear reactors</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fuel" title="Nuclear fuel">Nuclear fuel</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">Uranium</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Electric_power" title="Electric power">Electric power</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Services</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_enrichment" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear enrichment">Nuclear enrichment</a><br />Nuclear material transport<br /><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reprocessing" title="Nuclear reprocessing">Nuclear reprocessing</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data">Government of France</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of employees</div></th><td class="infobox-data">45,340 (2013)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">Subsidiaries</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Areva NP</li><li><a href="/wiki/Areva_NC" class="mw-redirect" title="Areva NC">Areva NC</a></li><li>Areva TA</li><li>Areva Mines</li><li>Euriware</li><li>Areva Med</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.areva.com">www<wbr />.areva<wbr />.com</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Areva S.A.</b> was a French <a href="/wiki/Multinational_corporation" title="Multinational corporation">multinational</a> group specializing in <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">nuclear power</a>, active between 2001 and 2018. It was headquartered in Courbevoie, France.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before its 2016 corporate restructuring, Areva was majority-owned by the French state<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> through the <a href="/wiki/French_Alternative_Energies_and_Atomic_Energy_Commission" title="French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission">French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission</a> (54.37%), <a href="/wiki/Bpifrance_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bpifrance (company)">Banque publique d'investissement</a> (3.32%), and <a href="/wiki/Agence_des_participations_de_l%27%C3%89tat" title="Agence des participations de l'État">Agence des participations de l'État</a> (28.83%).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lectricit%C3%A9_de_France" title="Électricité de France">Électricité de France</a>, in which the French government has a majority ownership stake, owned 2.24%; <a href="/wiki/Kuwait_Investment_Authority" title="Kuwait Investment Authority">Kuwait Investment Authority</a> owned 4.82% as the second largest shareholder after the French state.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a part of the restructuring program following its insolvency, Areva sold or discontinued its renewable energy businesses and sold its reactors subsidiary <a href="/wiki/Areva_NP" class="mw-redirect" title="Areva NP">Areva NP</a> (which has reverted to its original name, <a href="/wiki/Framatome" title="Framatome">Framatome</a>) to <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lectricit%C3%A9_de_France" title="Électricité de France">EDF</a>. Its <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_propulsion" title="Nuclear propulsion">nuclear propulsion</a> and research reactors subsidiary Areva TA (now <a href="/w/index.php?title=TechnicAtome&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TechnicAtome (page does not exist)">TechnicAtome</a>) was sold to the Agence des participations de l'État and its nuclear cycle business was reorganized into a separate company New Areva (becoming <a href="/wiki/Orano" title="Orano">Orano</a>). A new holding, Areva S.A., was also created to act as a <a href="/wiki/Corporate_spin-off" title="Corporate spin-off">hive-off</a> vehicle for Areva's ongoing “at-risk” activities, including the completion and delivery of the <a href="/wiki/Olkiluoto_Nuclear_Power_Plant#Unit_3" title="Olkiluoto Nuclear Power Plant">Olkiluoto 3</a> in <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>, execution of Areva's remaining renewable energy projects, and finalization of the sale of Areva NP to EDF. </p><p>In 2017, the sale of Areva TA was finalized and in January 2018, so was that of Areva NP, while New Areva was rebranded Orano; these developments marked the end of the Areva group. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Areva&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Framatome" title="Framatome">Framatome</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Creation">Creation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Areva&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Creation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Siege_Areva_33_rue_Lafayette_P1050953.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Siege_Areva_33_rue_Lafayette_P1050953.JPG/170px-Siege_Areva_33_rue_Lafayette_P1050953.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Siege_Areva_33_rue_Lafayette_P1050953.JPG/255px-Siege_Areva_33_rue_Lafayette_P1050953.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Siege_Areva_33_rue_Lafayette_P1050953.JPG/340px-Siege_Areva_33_rue_Lafayette_P1050953.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Former Areva headquarters, rue Lafayette in Paris</figcaption></figure> <p>Areva was created on 3 April 2001 by the <a href="/wiki/Merger" class="mw-redirect" title="Merger">merger</a> of Framatome (later: Areva NP, now: Framatome), <a href="/wiki/Cogema" class="mw-redirect" title="Cogema">Cogema</a> (later: Areva NC, now: <a href="/wiki/Orano_Cycle" title="Orano Cycle">Orano Cycle</a>) and Technicatome (later: Areva TA, now: Technicatome). It was based on the structure of its precursor, CEA-Industrie. <a href="/wiki/Anne_Lauvergeon" title="Anne Lauvergeon">Anne Lauvergeon</a> became its first CEO.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Raffarin" title="Jean-Pierre Raffarin">Jean-Pierre Raffarin</a>, the former <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_France" title="Prime Minister of France">Prime Minister of France</a>, announced the privatization of Areva in 2003, but it was postponed several times, the French government opting finally for the privatization of GDF and EDF. At the end of October 2005, French Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Dominique_de_Villepin" title="Dominique de Villepin">Dominique de Villepin</a> announced that he had suspended the privatization process. </p><p>In 2003, Areva secured a contract for the <a href="/wiki/Olkiluoto_Nuclear_Power_Plant#Unit_3" title="Olkiluoto Nuclear Power Plant">Olkiluoto 3</a> project, which foresaw construction of the <a href="/wiki/Generation_III_reactor" title="Generation III reactor">third generation</a> <a href="/wiki/EPR_(nuclear_reactor)" title="EPR (nuclear reactor)">EPR</a>-type <a href="/wiki/Pressurised_water_reactor" class="mw-redirect" title="Pressurised water reactor">pressurised water reactor</a>. In 2004 a contracted fixed price was established as €3.2 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-New_York_Times_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New_York_Times-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Construction started in 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2004, Areva acquired <a href="/wiki/Alstom" title="Alstom">Alstom</a>'s transmission and distribution activities, which became Areva T&D. It was sold back to Alstom and <a href="/wiki/Schneider_Electric" title="Schneider Electric">Schneider Electric</a> in June 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 15 September 2005, Areva and <a href="/wiki/Constellation_Energy" title="Constellation Energy">Constellation Energy</a> of Baltimore announced a <a href="/wiki/Joint_venture" title="Joint venture">joint venture</a> called UniStar Nuclear to market the commercial EPR in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The joint venture later became <a href="/wiki/Unistar" class="mw-redirect" title="Unistar">UniStar Nuclear Energy</a> in 2007. In 2010, EDF acquired 100% of UniStar Nuclear Energy.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However these plans failed to come to fruition, and in February 2015 Areva suspended the EPR Design Certification Application Review process at the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Regulatory_Commission" title="Nuclear Regulatory Commission">Nuclear Regulatory Commission</a> (NRC).<sup id="cite_ref-wnn-20150306_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wnn-20150306-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2006, Areva created its renewable energies business group.<sup id="cite_ref-Renewables_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Renewables-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Creusot Forge and Creusot Mécanique merged into the Areva group,<sup id="cite_ref-nei-20170321_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nei-20170321-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-areva-creusot_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-areva-creusot-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> even though there were quality concerns over Creusot Forge's work.<sup id="cite_ref-nei-20170406_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nei-20170406-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2007, Areva purchased 51% of offshore <a href="/wiki/Wind_turbine" title="Wind turbine">wind turbine</a> manufacturer Multibrid.<sup id="cite_ref-agores_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-agores-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Multibrid has been a start-up and German offshore wind pioneer, producing wind turbines in Bremerhaven. The innovative M5000 wind turbine has a compact medium speed drive train and carbon rotor blades. The patented air treatment to prevent corrosion was unique. The turbine was designed by <a href="/wiki/Aerodyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Aerodyn">aerodyn Energiesysteme GmbH</a>. In 2015 the renewable unit of Areva changed into ADWEN GmbH. </p><p>In June 2010, Areva purchased the remaining 49% and formed <a href="/wiki/Areva_Wind" class="mw-redirect" title="Areva Wind">Areva Wind</a>. In February 2010, Areva bought Ausra, and renamed it <a href="/wiki/Areva_Solar" title="Areva Solar">Areva Solar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nyt090210_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt090210-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2007, Areva purchased UraMin, which later became Areva Resources Southern Africa (now part of Orano).<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2007, Areva started construction of the <a href="/wiki/Flamanville_Nuclear_Power_Plant#Unit_3" title="Flamanville Nuclear Power Plant">Flamanville 3</a> EPR reactor. In addition, in November 2007 Areva agreed to an €8 billion deal with the <a href="/wiki/China_Guangdong_Nuclear_Power_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="China Guangdong Nuclear Power Group">China Guangdong Nuclear Power Group</a> to supply them with two EPRs for <a href="/wiki/Taishan_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Taishan Nuclear Power Plant">Taishan Nuclear Power Plant</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under the terms of the agreement, Areva also had to help operate the plant, including the reprocessing of spent fuel.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also in 2007, Areva and <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Heavy_Industries" title="Mitsubishi Heavy Industries">Mitsubishi Heavy Industries</a> created a joint venture named <a href="/wiki/Atmea" title="Atmea">Atmea</a> to develop a 1,100 MWe Atmea-1 pressurised water reactor (<a href="/wiki/Generation_III_reactor" title="Generation III reactor">Generation III reactor</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-nei080118_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nei080118-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2009, <a href="/wiki/Siemens" title="Siemens">Siemens</a> sold its remaining shares of Areva NP and Arvea NP became wholly owned by Areva.<sup id="cite_ref-Parisien_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Parisien-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the same year, Areva NP acquired 30% stake in the Mitsubishi Nuclear Fuel company.<sup id="cite_ref-nei080118_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nei080118-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 6 May 2008, Areva announced that it would seek all necessary approvals to build an enrichment facility in Bonneville County, <a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">Idaho</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WNN2_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WNN2-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The project was later cancelled. Also in 2008, Areva was awarded an operations contract to clean up the <a href="/wiki/Sellafield" title="Sellafield">Sellafield nuclear reprocessing site</a> as part of the Nuclear Management Partners consortium, made up of URS, Amec and Areva.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2008, Areva reached an agreement with <a href="/wiki/Kazatomprom" title="Kazatomprom">Kazatomprom</a> to create a joint-venture Katco.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 4 February 2009, Areva signed a memorandum to supply two to six nuclear reactors to the <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Power_Corporation_of_India_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited">Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Jaitapur_Nuclear_Power_Project" title="Jaitapur Nuclear Power Project">Jaitapur Nuclear Power Project</a> in the Indian state of Maharashtra.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2010, Areva indicated work was being done on a new type of <a href="/wiki/Burner_reactor" class="mw-redirect" title="Burner reactor">burner reactor</a> type capable of breaking down <a href="/wiki/Actinides" class="mw-redirect" title="Actinides">actinides</a> created as a product of <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fission" title="Nuclear fission">nuclear fission</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2011, Areva was listed on the <a href="/wiki/Euronext" title="Euronext">Euronext</a> stock exchange in Paris. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-Fukushima_problems">Post-Fukushima problems</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Areva&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Post-Fukushima problems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In December 2011, Areva suspended building work at several sites in France, Africa and the United States, one day after forecasting a €1.6 billion ($2.1 billion) loss. </p><p>Areva halted "capacity extensions" at its <a href="/wiki/La_Hague_site" title="La Hague site">La Hague Reprocessing Plant</a>, in northern France, at its Melox factory in the southwest, and at two sites attached to its Tricastin power plant in the south. Work has also stopped on extensions to uranium mines in <a href="/wiki/Bakouma" title="Bakouma">Bakouma</a> in the Central African Republic, <a href="/wiki/Trekkopje_mine" title="Trekkopje mine">Trekkopje</a> in Namibia, and Ryst Kuil in South Africa,<sup id="cite_ref-google.com_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google.com-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and caused a potential delay in construction until a capital solution is secured for the <a href="#Eagle_Rock_Enrichment_Facility">Eagle Rock Enrichment Facility</a> in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-us.arevablog.com_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-us.arevablog.com-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Areva wrote off most of the $2.5 billion purchase cost of Canadian uranium mining company Uramin, purchased in 2007, after concluding that its uranium ore deposits were of negligible value.<sup id="cite_ref-bl-20150416_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bl-20150416-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2014 <a href="/wiki/Standard_%26_Poor%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard & Poor's">Standard & Poor's</a> stated it might downgrade Areva's credit rating following weak first-half results, leading to Areva indicating it would cut capital spending and dispose of some assets.<sup id="cite_ref-ft-20141118_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ft-20141118-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2015 Standard & Poor's further downgraded Areva's credit rating to BB− after Areva posted a €4.8 billion loss for 2014. </p><p>In 2012, Areva acquired the hydrogen technology developer <i>Compagnie européenne des technologies de l'hydrogène</i> (CETH) and renamed it Areva H2Gen. In the same year, it inaugurated a hydrogen storage system called the MYRTE platform near <a href="/wiki/Ajaccio" title="Ajaccio">Ajaccio</a>, Corsica (MYRTE is the French acronym for <i>Mission Hydrogène Renouvelable pour l’intégration au réseau électrique</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-MYRTE_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MYRTE-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The system aims to establish the feasibility of a storage solution for <a href="/wiki/Solar_energy" title="Solar energy">solar energy</a> using hydrogen technologies, which would serve as a back-up system to stabilize Corsica's power grid.<sup id="cite_ref-MYRTE_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MYRTE-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014, Areva's energy storage and management system, the Greenergy Box, was added to the existing installation, in operation since early 2013. In January 2014, Areva and Spain's wind turbine manufacturer <a href="/wiki/Gamesa_Corporaci%C3%B3n_Tecnol%C3%B3gica" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamesa Corporación Tecnológica">Gamesa Corporación Tecnológica</a> created on the basis of Areva Wind a joint venture <a href="/wiki/Adwen_(company)" title="Adwen (company)">Adwen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 2014, Areva exited the solar industry.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2013, Areva won a $2.7 billion contract to supply two EPR nuclear reactors with nuclear steam supply and control systems at the <a href="/wiki/Hinkley_Point_C_nuclear_power_station" title="Hinkley Point C nuclear power station">Hinkley Point C</a> plant in <a href="/wiki/Somerset" title="Somerset">Somerset</a>, England.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It will also provide uranium extraction and enrichment for the fuel fabrication stage.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2013, Areva and <a href="/wiki/China_General_Nuclear_Power_Group" title="China General Nuclear Power Group">China General Nuclear Power</a> (CGN) agreed to a partnership in renewable energy, with a focus on offshore wind, biomass, concentrated solar power, and energy storage.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2014, CEO Luc Oursel took a leave of absence for health reasons.<sup id="cite_ref-ft-20141118_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ft-20141118-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He died in December of the same year.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 20 November 2014 Standard & Poor's downgraded Areva long-term debt to BB+ and short-term-debt to A-3.<sup id="cite_ref-reuters-20141120_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters-20141120-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ft-20141120_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ft-20141120-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2014, Areva, through its subsidiary CETH2, and the ADEME (French Environment and Energy Management Agency), announced the creation of the AREVA H2-Gen joint venture.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2015 operations at <a href="/wiki/Creusot-Loire" title="Creusot-Loire">Le Creusot Forge</a> were stopped following a discovery at the <a href="/wiki/Flamanville_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Flamanville Nuclear Power Plant">Flamanville Nuclear Power Plant</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-wnn-20170418_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wnn-20170418-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nei-20170420_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nei-20170420-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About 400 large steel forgings manufactured by Le Creusot Forge since 1965 found to have carbon-content irregularities that weakened the steel. A widespread programme of reactor checks was started involving a progressive programme of reactor shutdowns. This caused power price increases in Europe as France increased electricity imports, especially from Germany, to augment supply.<sup id="cite_ref-ft-20161028_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ft-20161028-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-large-2016_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-large-2016-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 2016 international inspectors found evidence of recent doctored paperwork, which had not been detected by Areva's independent quality control checks.<sup id="cite_ref-wsj-20161213_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsj-20161213-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-guardian-20170324_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian-20170324-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2017 <a href="/wiki/Autorit%C3%A9_de_s%C3%BBret%C3%A9_nucl%C3%A9aire" title="Autorité de sûreté nucléaire">Autorité de sûreté nucléaire</a> (ASN) published the requirements for forging to resume at Le Creusot Forge.<sup id="cite_ref-wnn-20170418_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wnn-20170418-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nei-20170420_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nei-20170420-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 2017 ASN published a draft decision requiring the examination of Le Creusot Forge manufacturing records of all components during scheduled reactor refuelling outages.<sup id="cite_ref-wnn-20170817_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wnn-20170817-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Restructuring">Restructuring</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Areva&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Restructuring"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In June 2016 Areva's restructuring plans were made public, including the sale of the majority of its reactor business to EDF in 2017, excluding the <a href="/wiki/Olkiluoto_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Olkiluoto Nuclear Power Plant">Olkiluoto 3 EPR</a> under construction in Finland which will remain with Areva SA.<sup id="cite_ref-wnn-20160615_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wnn-20160615-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 2017, Areva and EDF signed agreements on the transfer of Areva NP's nuclear reactor operations.<sup id="cite_ref-wnn271217_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wnn271217-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As part of the restructuring plan, Areva created a new fuel cycle company, dubbed as New Co or New Areva. The new company combined Areva Mines, <a href="/wiki/Areva_NC" class="mw-redirect" title="Areva NC">Areva NC</a>, Areva Projects, and Areva Business Support companies.<sup id="cite_ref-wnn230118_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wnn230118-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was created as a wholly owned subsidiary of Areva; however, Areva lost control over the company as the French government invested to recapitalize the company. On 23 January 2018 that company changed its name to Orano.<sup id="cite_ref-wnn230118_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wnn230118-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-reuters-20180123a_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters-20180123a-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 2017, Areva sold its stake in the wind turbine manufacturer Adwen.<sup id="cite_ref-wpm060117_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wpm060117-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2017, Areva sold its nuclear propulsion and research reactor subsidiary Areva TA to <i><a href="/wiki/Agence_des_participations_de_l%27%C3%89tat" title="Agence des participations de l'État">Agence des Participations de l'Etat</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-capital300317_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-capital300317-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_operations">Current operations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Areva&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Current operations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OL3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/OL3.jpg/220px-OL3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/OL3.jpg/330px-OL3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/OL3.jpg/440px-OL3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2813" data-file-height="1320" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Olkiluoto_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Olkiluoto Nuclear Power Plant">Olkiluoto-3</a> under construction in 2009</figcaption></figure> <p>As of 2019<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Areva&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, Areva S.A. is responsible only for the liabilities related to the Olkiluoto 3 project. The reactor, which is one of the first of the new <a href="/wiki/Generation_III_reactor" title="Generation III reactor">Generation III reactors</a>, was initially expected to begin producing electricity in 2009, but project completion was delayed eventually until 2023, and it has faced several price increases.<sup id="cite_ref-New_York_Times_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New_York_Times-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Areva and TVO have reached an agreement, according to which Areva would pay €450 million in compensation over the delays and lost income. The agreement would settle all legal actions between the two companies.<sup id="cite_ref-Metropolitan-2018-03-12_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Metropolitan-2018-03-12-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TVO-2018-03-11_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TVO-2018-03-11-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Areva also holds of 40% stake in Orano. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Past_operations">Past operations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Areva&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Past operations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Areva was a company with a <a href="/wiki/Vertical_integration" title="Vertical integration">presence in each industrial activity</a> linked to nuclear energy: <a href="/wiki/Uranium_mining" title="Uranium mining">mining</a>, chemistry, enrichment, fuel assembly, reprocessing, engineering, nuclear propulsion and reactors, treatment, recycling, stabilization and dismantling. Areva also offered technological solutions for renewable energy.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Areva's activities were divided into five business groups.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nuclear_operations">Nuclear operations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Areva&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Nuclear operations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The mining business group managed the exploration of uranium ore, its extraction, and processing, as well as the restoration of sites after mine closure.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It had staff on five continents and operated uranium production sites in Canada, Kazakhstan, and Niger.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of the end of 2013, the Mining Business Group employed 4,463 people.<sup id="cite_ref-Reference_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reference-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Uranium production accounted for 19% of Areva's consolidated revenue in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-Mining_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mining-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is now part of Orano. </p><p>The front end business group provided access to fuel for Areva's customers, and oversees operations to convert uranium into nuclear fuel, including the chemical conversion of ore into <a href="/wiki/Uranium_hexafluoride" title="Uranium hexafluoride">uranium hexafluoride</a>, the enrichment of uranium, and the design and production of fuel for nuclear reactors.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of the end of 2013, 8,555 people worked for Areva's front end business group.<sup id="cite_ref-FrontEnd_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FrontEnd-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It accounted for 24% of Areva's consolidated revenue in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-FrontEnd_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FrontEnd-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is now part of Orano. </p><p>The reactors and services business group designed and built <a href="/wiki/Pressurized_water_reactor" title="Pressurized water reactor">pressurized water reactors</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boiling_water_reactor" title="Boiling water reactor">boiling water reactors</a>, and offers products to service nuclear reactors. It is now part of Framatome. The business group also designed and built naval propulsion and research reactors, which is now Technicatome. The business group had 15,592  employees at the end of 2013 and generated 36% of Areva's revenue in the same year. </p><p>The back end business group developed recycling solutions for used fuel for reuse in reactors. It also offered storage and transportation solutions for radioactive material, and site rehabilitation at nuclear facilities. It is now part of Orano. At the end of 2013, it had 11,583 employees and made up for 19% of Areva's revenue. In 2017 the NUHOMS Matrix advanced <a href="/wiki/Dry_cask_storage" title="Dry cask storage">used nuclear fuel storage</a> overpack, a high-density system for storing multiple spent fuel rods in canisters, was launched.<sup id="cite_ref-wnn-20170929_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wnn-20170929-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Renewable_energy_operations">Renewable energy operations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Areva&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Renewable energy operations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Areva created its global renewable energies business group in 2006 as an expansion of its <a href="/wiki/Clean_energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Clean energy">clean energy</a> portfolio with <a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy" title="Renewable energy">renewable energy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Renewables_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Renewables-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This group represented four business lines: <a href="/wiki/Concentrated_solar_power" title="Concentrated solar power">concentrated solar power</a>, offshore <a href="/wiki/Wind_power" title="Wind power">wind power</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biomass" title="Biomass">biomass</a> power, and hydrogen power storage and distribution. Areva built <a href="/wiki/Biomass" title="Biomass">biomass</a> power plants worldwide, representing 2.5 GWe of installed capacity.<sup id="cite_ref-bioenergy_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bioenergy-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These plants are located in Brazil, Chile, Germany, the Netherlands, India and Thailand.<sup id="cite_ref-bioenergy_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bioenergy-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its subsidiary Areva Renewables Brazil built biomass power plants based on bagasse (organic waste from sugar cane).<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the United States, Areva formed a partnership with <a href="/wiki/Duke_Energy" title="Duke Energy">Duke Energy</a> to build and operate 55 MW biomass power plants based on wood waste.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Areva acquired a bio-coal production technology called Thermya,<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which produces a biofuel issued from biomass torrefaction that can replace coal to generate thermal energy and electricity.<sup id="cite_ref-bioinnovation_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bioinnovation-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Areva also developed AdCub, a modular concept for compact power plants targeting small-scale biomass resources that addresses relatively untapped growth opportunities in Europe. The objective is to combine innovative solutions which optimize customer costs for small-scale power plants (between 3 and 6 MW) and reduce construction time. This new biomass plant concept also aims to improve upstream technologies for multi-fuel acceptance and higher availability.<sup id="cite_ref-bioinnovation_77-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bioinnovation-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Areva designed, manufactured and industrialized turnkey energy storage solutions and products to generate electricity with <a href="/wiki/Fuel_cell" title="Fuel cell">fuel cells</a> and produce hydrogen by electrolysis. Areva supported research in the hydrogen field through partnerships with a number of industrial companies and national research organizations including <i><a href="/wiki/Agence_Nationale_de_la_Recherche" class="mw-redirect" title="Agence Nationale de la Recherche">Agence Nationale de la Recherche</a></i>, the Horizon Hydrogen Energy (H2E) program, PAN-H (<i>Plan d'Action National sur l'Hydrogène et les piles à combustible</i>) and Pôle Capenergies, an innovation cluster dedicated to the development of renewable forms of energy without greenhouse gas emissions.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_operations">Other operations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Areva&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Other operations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Areva was involved in <a href="/wiki/Military_technology" title="Military technology">military technology</a>, such as designing the nuclear reactor for the <a href="/wiki/French_Barracuda_class_submarine" class="mw-redirect" title="French Barracuda class submarine">French Barracuda class submarine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of Areva's subsidiaries, <a href="/wiki/Euriware" title="Euriware">Euriware</a> (founded in 1991) was specialized in consulting and IT services and employs 2,200 people.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Areva also owned 1.99% of <a href="/wiki/Safran" title="Safran">Safran</a> and 1.4% of <a href="/wiki/Suez_Environnement" class="mw-redirect" title="Suez Environnement">Suez Environnement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>CERCA, a subsidiary of Areva that produces fuel for research reactors, was also involved in <a href="/wiki/TRIGA" title="TRIGA">TRIGA</a>, a research reactor established in 1996 with the US firm <a href="/wiki/General_Atomics" title="General Atomics">General Atomics</a> that is used for training, research, and the production of radioisotopes.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Areva was a former corporate member of the <a href="/wiki/Bruegel_(institution)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruegel (institution)">Bruegel</a> think tank.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_incidents">Notable incidents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Areva&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notable incidents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2007_fine">2007 fine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Areva&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 2007 fine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In January 2007, Areva was fined €53 million by the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> for <a href="/wiki/Price_fixing_cases" class="mw-redirect" title="Price fixing cases">rigging</a> EU electricity markets through a <a href="/wiki/Cartel" title="Cartel">cartel</a> involving 11 companies, including <a href="/wiki/ABB_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="ABB Group">ABB</a>, Alstom, <a href="/wiki/Fujifilm" title="Fujifilm">Fuji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hitachi_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Hitachi Japan">Hitachi Japan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=AE_Power_Systems&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AE Power Systems (page does not exist)">AE Power Systems</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Electric_Corp" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitsubishi Electric Corp">Mitsubishi Electric Corp</a>, Schneider Electric, Siemens, <a href="/wiki/Toshiba" title="Toshiba">Toshiba</a> and VA Tech ELIN.<sup id="cite_ref-fine_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fine-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the commission, "between 1988 and 2004, the companies rigged bids for procurement contracts, fixed prices, allocated projects to each other, shared markets and exchanged commercially important and confidential information."<sup id="cite_ref-fine_86-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fine-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Areva is not accused of any cartel involvement other than through the acquisition of an Alstom unit in January 2004. "This subsidiary was acquired by the Areva group towards the end of the infringement, in January 2004. The parent entities of the Areva group share a joint liability with that subsidiary for the period after its acquisition."<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "A few months before the cartel ended, Alstom sold the unit involved to Areva, which knew nothing of the cartel. It [Areva] and Alstom have joint liability for 53.6 million, which they must decide how to split."<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/EU_Competition_Commissioner" class="mw-redirect" title="EU Competition Commissioner">EU Competition Commissioner</a> <a href="/wiki/Neelie_Kroes" title="Neelie Kroes">Neelie Kroes</a> declared that "The commission has put an end to a cartel which has cheated public utility companies and consumers for more than 16 years".<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Libya_deal">Libya deal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Areva&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Libya deal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 13 August 2007, the French newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Parisien" title="Le Parisien">Le Parisien</a></i> alleged that the <a href="/wiki/Libya_and_nuclear_technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Libya and nuclear technology">Franco-Libyan civil nuclear power agreement</a> signed by President <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy" title="Nicolas Sarkozy">Nicolas Sarkozy</a> did not concern desalinization of sea water, as claimed by the French government, but instead focused in particular on selling the EPR to Libya, a contract potentially worth $3 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-Parisien_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Parisien-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Le Parisien</i> cited Philippe Delaune, deputy to the deputy director of international affairs for the <a href="/wiki/Commissariat_%C3%A0_l%27%C3%A9nergie_atomique" class="mw-redirect" title="Commissariat à l'énergie atomique">CEA atomic agency</a>, which is the main share-holder in Areva.<sup id="cite_ref-Parisien_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Parisien-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following allegations that the deal had been related to the <a href="/wiki/HIV_trial_in_Libya" title="HIV trial in Libya">release of the Bulgarian nurses</a>, the <a href="/wiki/French_Socialist_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="French Socialist Party">French Socialist Party</a>, through the spokesperson <a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Bianco" title="Jean-Louis Bianco">Jean-Louis Bianco</a>, declared that this deal was "geopolitically irresponsible".<sup id="cite_ref-Parisien_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Parisien-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/German_government" class="mw-redirect" title="German government">German government</a> also denounced the agreement.<sup id="cite_ref-Parisien_25-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Parisien-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bakouma_assault">Bakouma assault</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Areva&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Bakouma assault"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 24 June 2012, an armed group assaulted a uranium plant operated by Areva at <a href="/wiki/Bakouma" title="Bakouma">Bakouma</a> in the southeast of the <a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a>. A statement by the military described that "a violent clash on Sunday afternoon pitted" Central African troops against "an unidentified group of armed men attempting to launch an assault on the site of mining company Areva". </p><p>According to the report the army successfully repelled the attack, but "the enemy did some material damage and pulled back while taking a sizeable quantity mainly of food with them." The Areva group issued no immediate statement regarding the attack. Central African military sources believe that the attack was organized by members of the <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chadian</a> rebel group <a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_for_Recovery" title="Popular Front for Recovery">Popular Front for Recovery</a> (FPR) led by 'General' Baba Ladde, which has been active in the region since 2008. The army says it is conducting further operations to neutralize the remaining armed rebels in the region of Bakouma.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-News24_2012_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-News24_2012-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attack_in_Niger">Attack in Niger</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Areva&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Attack in Niger"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In May 2013, the company's uranium mine in Niger was damaged and one civilian was killed in an <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">Al-Qaeda</a>-linked suicide bomb attack.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mine reached full production again in August 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tuareg_people">Tuareg people</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Areva&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Tuareg people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In November 2009, Greenpeace released a report indicating that two villages near Areva's mining operations in Niger had dangerously high levels of radiation.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2014, <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a> produced <i><a href="/wiki/Orphans_of_the_Sahara" title="Orphans of the Sahara">Orphans of the Sahara</a></i>, three-part series on the <a href="/wiki/Tuareg_people" title="Tuareg people">Tuareg people</a> of the Sahara desert, in which claims were brought to light that Areva mining and consequent irradiations are causing diseases and deaths among their people.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Al Jazeera also published Areva's response, in which the company said it submits regular reports on its environmental monitoring of water, air and soil to the Nigerien Office of Environmental Assessments and Impact Studies (BEEEI) which indicate that there is no pollution around the sites in question.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Corporate_issues">Corporate issues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Areva&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Corporate issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport_sponsorship">Sport sponsorship</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Areva&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Sport sponsorship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Areva sponsored several sporting events over the years. In 2009, Areva launched Athlenergy.com, an online resource for runners,<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and became the sponsor of the French Athletics Federation<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the official sponsor of <a href="/wiki/Meeting_Areva" class="mw-redirect" title="Meeting Areva">Meeting Areva</a>, a track and field competition held annually at the <a href="/wiki/Stade_de_France" title="Stade de France">Stade de France</a> in Saint-Denis, France.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 2014, Athlenergy.com became <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140425025205/http://www.arevarun.com/">Arevarun</a>. Areva also sponsors several running events, including the Paris Half Marathon<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Saintélyon, a night run from Sainte Etienne to Lyon, in France.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2008, Areva signed a contract to sponsor the German football club <a href="/wiki/FC_N%C3%BCrnberg" class="mw-redirect" title="FC Nürnberg">FC Nürnberg</a> until 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The contract was completed in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Areva sponsored the French "Defi Areva" team in the 2002 <a href="/wiki/America%27s_Cup" title="America's Cup">America's Cup</a> race, and the French "Areva Challenge" team in the 2007 America's Cup race. In 2002, during its first public appearance, in Lorient, France, the "Defi Areva" yacht collided with a dinghy carrying four Greenpeace protesters, and the impact knocked a hole in the side of the 80-foot boat.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Areva&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 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portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Radioactive.svg/32px-Radioactive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Radioactive.svg/48px-Radioactive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Radioactive.svg/64px-Radioactive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="446" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Nuclear_technology" title="Portal:Nuclear technology">Nuclear technology portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calvert_Cliffs_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant">Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Atomic_Energy_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="European Atomic Energy Community">European Atomic Energy Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groupe_INTRA" title="Groupe INTRA">Groupe INTRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazatomprom" title="Kazatomprom">Kazatomprom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_Mile_Point_Nuclear_Generating_Station" title="Nine Mile Point Nuclear Generating Station">Nine Mile Point Nuclear Generating Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Power_2010_Program" title="Nuclear Power 2010 Program">Nuclear Power 2010 Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Nuclear_Industry_Status_Report" title="World Nuclear Industry Status Report">World Nuclear Industry Status Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UraMin" title="UraMin">UraMin</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Areva&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.areva.com/EN/home-551/legal-notice.html">"Legal Notice"</a>. Areva<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Legal+Notice&rft.pub=Areva&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.areva.com%2FEN%2Fhome-551%2Flegal-notice.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAreva" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carol Matlack, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-04-16/france-s-areva-falters-in-reactor-business-leaks-cash">Areva is costing France plenty</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_Businessweek" title="Bloomberg Businessweek">Bloomberg Businessweek</a></i>, 17 April 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economie.gouv.fr/agence-participations-etat/Les-participations-publiques">"Les participations publiques"</a> (in French). Agence des participations de l'État. 30 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Les+participations+publiques&rft.pub=Agence+des+participations+de+l%27%C3%89tat&rft.date=2015-04-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.economie.gouv.fr%2Fagence-participations-etat%2FLes-participations-publiques&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAreva" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.areva.com/finance/liblocal/docs/doc-ref-2014/DDR_EN_310315.pdf">"2014 Reference document"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Areva. 30 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2014+Reference+document&rft.pub=Areva&rft.date=2015-03-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.areva.com%2Ffinance%2Fliblocal%2Fdocs%2Fdoc-ref-2014%2FDDR_EN_310315.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAreva" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.areva.com/EN/finance-402/shareholding-structure-of-the-world-leader-in-the-nuclear-industry-and-major-player-in-bioenergies.html">"Stock Ownership Profile"</a>. Areva<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stock+Ownership+Profile&rft.pub=Areva&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.areva.com%2FEN%2Ffinance-402%2Fshareholding-structure-of-the-world-leader-in-the-nuclear-industry-and-major-player-in-bioenergies.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAreva" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://massinitiative.org/is-areva-now-framatome/">"Is Areva now Framatome? – MassInitiative"</a>. massinitiative.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Is+Areva+now+Framatome%3F+%E2%80%93+MassInitiative&rft.pub=massinitiative.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmassinitiative.org%2Fis-areva-now-framatome%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAreva" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-New_York_Times-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-New_York_Times_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-New_York_Times_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJolly2013" class="citation news cs1">Jolly, David (11 February 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/12/business/global/finnish-nuclear-plant-wont-open-until-2016.html">"Finnish Nuclear Plant Won't Open Until 2016"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Finnish+Nuclear+Plant+Won%27t+Open+Until+2016&rft.date=2013-02-11&rft.aulast=Jolly&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F02%2F12%2Fbusiness%2Fglobal%2Ffinnish-nuclear-plant-wont-open-until-2016.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAreva" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKanter2009" class="citation news cs1">Kanter, James (28 May 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/29/business/energy-environment/29nuke.html">"In Finland, Nuclear Renaissance Runs into Trouble"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=In+Finland%2C+Nuclear+Renaissance+Runs+into+Trouble&rft.date=2009-05-28&rft.aulast=Kanter&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F05%2F29%2Fbusiness%2Fenergy-environment%2F29nuke.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAreva" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/will-split-areva-td-into-two-separate-entities-alstom_535741.html">"Will split Areva T&D into two separate entities: Alstom"</a>. MoneyControl.com. 3 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Will+split+Areva+T%26D+into+two+separate+entities%3A+Alstom&rft.pub=MoneyControl.com&rft.date=2014-06-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.moneycontrol.com%2Fnews%2Fbusiness%2Fwill-split-areva-td-into-two-separate-entities-alstom_535741.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAreva" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://us.areva.com/EN/home-892/areva-inc-press-release.html">"EPR: Constellation Energy and Areva Join Forces to Introduce New and Unique Business Model for the Future of American Nuclear Power"</a>. Areva<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=EPR%3A+Constellation+Energy+and+Areva+Join+Forces+to+Introduce+New+and+Unique+Business+Model+for+the+Future+of+American+Nuclear+Power&rft.pub=Areva&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fus.areva.com%2FEN%2Fhome-892%2Fareva-inc-press-release.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAreva" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/utilities-constellation-edf-idUSN1522147220101015">"Constellation/EDF UniStar nuclear timeline"</a>. Reuters<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Constellation%2FEDF+UniStar+nuclear+timeline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Futilities-constellation-edf-idUSN1522147220101015&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAreva" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wnn-20150306-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wnn-20150306_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/RS-US-EPR-plans-suspended-0603157.html">"US EPR plans suspended"</a>. World Nuclear News. 6 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=US+EPR+plans+suspended&rft.date=2015-03-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.world-nuclear-news.org%2FRS-US-EPR-plans-suspended-0603157.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAreva" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Renewables-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Renewables_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Renewables_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.areva.com/EN/group-689/renewable-energies-expected-growth.html">"Renewable Energy, Expected Growth"</a>. Areva<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Renewable+Energy%2C+Expected+Growth&rft.pub=Areva&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.areva.com%2FEN%2Fgroup-689%2Frenewable-energies-expected-growth.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAreva" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nei-20170321-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nei-20170321_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJanet_Wood,_Caroline_Peachey2017" class="citation news cs1">Janet Wood, Caroline Peachey (21 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.neimagazine.com/features/featurenuclear-cracks-are-beginning-to-show-5768266/">"Nuclear cracks are beginning to show"</a>. Nuclear Engineering International<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Areva<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140527215927/http://ca.reuters.com/article/topNews/idCABRE94O08I20130525">"Niger attacks launched from southern Libya: Niger's president"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 25 May 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ca.reuters.com/article/topNews/idCABRE94O08I20130525">the original</a> on 27 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Niger+attacks+launched+from+southern+Libya%3A+Niger%27s+president&rft.date=2013-05-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fca.reuters.com%2Farticle%2FtopNews%2FidCABRE94O08I20130525&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAreva" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.miningweekly.com/article/areva-niger-mine-back-at-full-production-after-islamist-attack-2013-08-07"><i>Areva Niger mine back at full production after Islamist attack</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mining_Weekly" title="Mining Weekly">Mining Weekly</a>, 2013</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Areva+Niger+mine+back+at+full+production+after+Islamist+attack&rft.place=South+Africa&rft.pub=Mining+Weekly&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.miningweekly.com%2Farticle%2Fareva-niger-mine-back-at-full-production-after-islamist-attack-2013-08-07&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAreva" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140528005221/http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/10/24/areva-idUSnBw246420a+100+BSW20131024">"AREVA: At September 30, 2013: Backlog of €42bn"</a>. Reuters. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/2013/10/24/areva-idUSnBw246420a+100+BSW20131024">the original</a> on 28 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AREVA%3A+At+September+30%2C+2013%3A+Backlog+of+%E2%82%AC42bn&rft.pub=Reuters&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2F2013%2F10%2F24%2Fareva-idUSnBw246420a%2B100%2BBSW20131024&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAreva" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rfi.fr/actuen/articles/120/article_6057.asp">RFI.fi</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ioRtzOWm07A&feature=digest">Left in the Dust – uranium mining in Niger</a> // GreenpeaceVideo. <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrphans_of_the_Sahara_channel2014" class="citation web cs1">Orphans of the Sahara channel (23 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/Orphans-of-the-Sahara/">"Orphans of the Sahara: Exile"</a>. <i>aljazeera.com</i>. Al Jazeera.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=aljazeera.com&rft.atitle=Orphans+of+the+Sahara%3A+Exile&rft.date=2014-01-23&rft.au=Orphans+of+the+Sahara+channel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fprogrammes%2FOrphans-of-the-Sahara%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAreva" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrphans_of_the_Sahara_channel2014" class="citation web cs1">Orphans of the Sahara channel (23 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/orphans-of-the-sahara/2014/01/uranium-mining-niger-areva-responds-2014121101952629572.html">"Uranium mining in Niger: AREVA responds"</a>. <i>aljazeera.com</i>. Al Jazeera.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=aljazeera.com&rft.atitle=Uranium+mining+in+Niger%3A+AREVA+responds&rft.date=2014-01-23&rft.au=Orphans+of+the+Sahara+channel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fprogrammes%2Forphans-of-the-sahara%2F2014%2F01%2Furanium-mining-niger-areva-responds-2014121101952629572.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAreva" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.areva.com/EN/news-8356/athlenergy-com-the-new-website-for-track-and-field-and-running-enthusiasts.html">"Athlenergy.com: The New Website for Track & Field and Running Enthusiasts"</a>. Areva<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Athlenergy.com%3A+The+New+Website+for+Track+%26+Field+and+Running+Enthusiasts&rft.pub=Areva&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.areva.com%2FEN%2Fnews-8356%2Fathlenergy-com-the-new-website-for-track-and-field-and-running-enthusiasts.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAreva" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.areva.com/EN/news-9681/areva-renews-its-partnership-with-the-french-athletics-federation.html">"Areva Renews Its Partnership with the French Athletics Federation"</a>. Areva<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Areva+Renews+Its+Partnership+with+the+French+Athletics+Federation&rft.pub=Areva&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.areva.com%2FEN%2Fnews-9681%2Fareva-renews-its-partnership-with-the-french-athletics-federation.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAreva" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diamondleague-paris.com/">"DiamondLeague-Paris.com: The Website for Meeting Areva"</a>. Meeting Areva<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.semideparis.com/us/sponsors.html">the original</a> on 5 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SemideParis.com%3A+The+English-Language+Website+for+the+Paris+Half+Marathon&rft.pub=Paris+Half+Marathon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semideparis.com%2Fus%2Fsponsors.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAreva" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130913234329/http://www.saintelyon.com/en/actualites/60th-edition-who-says-better-than-this/">"SainteLyon.com"</a>. Saintélyon. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saintelyon.com/en/actualites/60th-edition-who-says-better-than-this/">the original</a> on 13 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SainteLyon.com&rft.pub=Saint%C3%A9lyon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.saintelyon.com%2Fen%2Factualites%2F60th-edition-who-says-better-than-this%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAreva" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sportspromedia.com/news/areva_extends_with_1._fc_nuernberg_but_shrinks_package/">"Areva extends with 1. FC Nürnberg but shrinks package"</a>. <i>SportsProMedia.com</i>. 7 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SportsProMedia.com&rft.atitle=Areva+extends+with+1.+FC+N%C3%BCrnberg+but+shrinks+package&rft.date=2012-08-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sportspromedia.com%2Fnews%2Fareva_extends_with_1._fc_nuernberg_but_shrinks_package%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAreva" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20140626111302/http://www.soccerex.com/industry-news/areva-powers-down-fc-nurnberg-backing/">"Areva powers down FC Nurnberg backing"</a>. <i>Soccerex.com</i>. 9 August 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.soccerex.com/industry-news/areva-powers-down-fc-nurnberg-backing/">the original</a> on 26 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soccerex.com&rft.atitle=Areva+powers+down+FC+Nurnberg+backing&rft.date=2012-08-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.soccerex.com%2Findustry-news%2Fareva-powers-down-fc-nurnberg-backing%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAreva" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2002/may/20/sailing">"French America's Cup yacht struck by Greenpeace protesters"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 20 May 2002.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=French+America%27s+Cup+yacht+struck+by+Greenpeace+protesters&rft.date=2002-05-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fsport%2F2002%2Fmay%2F20%2Fsailing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAreva" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/1394720/French-Americas-Cup-yacht-holed-in-Greenpeace-protest.html">"French America's Cup yacht holed in Greenpeace protest"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. 19 May 2002.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=French+America%27s+Cup+yacht+holed+in+Greenpeace+protest&rft.date=2002-05-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Feurope%2Ffrance%2F1394720%2FFrench-Americas-Cup-yacht-holed-in-Greenpeace-protest.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAreva" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Areva&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Areva" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Areva">Areva</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.areva.com">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/framatome-sa-history/">"Framatome SA History"</a>. <i>International Directory of Company Histories</i>. FundingUniverse. 1998.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Directory+of+Company+Histories&rft.atitle=Framatome+SA+History&rft.date=1998&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fundinguniverse.com%2Fcompany-histories%2Fframatome-sa-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAreva" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nuclear_power_in_France250" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nuclear_power_in_France" title="Template:Nuclear power in France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nuclear_power_in_France" title="Template talk:Nuclear power in France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nuclear_power_in_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nuclear power in France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nuclear_power_in_France250" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_France" title="Nuclear power in France">Nuclear power in France</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Power plants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belleville_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Belleville Nuclear Power Plant">Belleville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blayais_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Blayais Nuclear Power Plant">Blayais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bugey_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Bugey Nuclear Power Plant">Bugey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cattenom_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Cattenom Nuclear Power Plant">Cattenom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinon_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Chinon Nuclear Power Plant">Chinon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chooz_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Chooz Nuclear Power Plant">Chooz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civaux_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Civaux Nuclear Power Plant">Civaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruas_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Cruas Nuclear Power Plant">Cruas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dampierre_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Dampierre Nuclear Power Plant">Dampierre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamanville_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Flamanville Nuclear Power Plant">Flamanville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golfech_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Golfech Nuclear Power Plant">Golfech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravelines_Nuclear_Power_Station" title="Gravelines Nuclear Power Station">Gravelines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nogent_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Nogent Nuclear Power Plant">Nogent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paluel_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Paluel Nuclear Power Plant">Paluel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penly_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Penly Nuclear Power Plant">Penly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Alban_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Saint-Alban Nuclear Power Plant">Saint-Alban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Laurent_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Saint-Laurent Nuclear Power Plant">Saint-Laurent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricastin_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Tricastin Nuclear Power Plant">Tricastin</a> (Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Closed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brennilis_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Brennilis Nuclear Power Plant">Brennilis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bugey_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Bugey Nuclear Power Plant">Bugey 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinon_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Chinon Nuclear Power Plant">Chinon (A1/A2/A3)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chooz_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Chooz Nuclear Power Plant">Chooz A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superph%C3%A9nix" title="Superphénix">Creys-Malville SPX</a> (Superphénix)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fessenheim_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Fessenheim Nuclear Power Plant">Fessenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcoule_Nuclear_Site#Reactors" title="Marcoule Nuclear Site">Marcoule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Laurent_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Saint-Laurent Nuclear Power Plant">Saint-Laurent (A1/A2)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reactor types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Power plant reactors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UNGG_reactor" title="UNGG reactor">UNGG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_France#900_MWe_class_.28CP0.2C_CP1_and_CP2_designs.29" title="Nuclear power in France">CP0, CP1, CP2, CPY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_France#900_MWe_class_.28P4_and_P.274_designs.29" title="Nuclear power in France">P4, P'4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_France#900_MWe_class_.28N4_design.29" title="Nuclear power in France">N4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EPR_(nuclear_reactor)" title="EPR (nuclear reactor)">EPR</a> (under construction)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Research, experimental,<br />prototype reactors<br />and concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zo%C3%A9_(reactor)" title="Zoé (reactor)">EL-1 (Zoé)</a></li> <li>EL-2, EL-3 (<a href="/wiki/CEA_Paris-Saclay" title="CEA Paris-Saclay">CEA Paris-Saclay</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokamak_de_Fontenay_aux_Roses" class="mw-redirect" title="Tokamak de Fontenay aux Roses">TFR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brennilis_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Brennilis Nuclear Power Plant">EL-4 (Brennilis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapsodie" title="Rapsodie">Rapsodie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%A9nix" title="Phénix">Phénix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superph%C3%A9nix" title="Superphénix">Superphénix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Horowitz_Reactor" title="Jules Horowitz Reactor">JHR</a> (under construction)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITER" title="ITER">ITER</a> (under construction)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASTRID_(reactor)" title="ASTRID (reactor)">ASTRID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flexblue" title="Flexblue">Flexblue</a> (concept)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Research locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cadarache" title="Cadarache">CEA Cadarache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_de_Ch%C3%A2tillon" title="Fort de Châtillon">CEA Fontenay-aux-Roses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygone_Scientifique" title="Polygone Scientifique">CEA Grenoble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institut_Laue%E2%80%93Langevin" title="Institut Laue–Langevin">Institut Laue–Langevin</a> (Grenoble)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcoule_Nuclear_Site" title="Marcoule Nuclear Site">CEA Marcoule</a> (Marcoule, Pierrelatte)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CEA_Paris-Saclay" title="CEA Paris-Saclay">CEA Saclay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meuse/Haute_Marne_Underground_Research_Laboratory" title="Meuse/Haute Marne Underground Research Laboratory">Meuse/Haute Marne Underground Research Laboratory (Andra)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricastin_Nuclear_Power_Plant#Tricastin_Nuclear_Site" title="Tricastin Nuclear Power Plant">Tricastin Nuclear Site</a> (Bollène, Lapalud, Pierrelatte, Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fuel_cycle" title="Nuclear fuel cycle">Fuel cycle</a> locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malv%C3%A9si" title="Malvési">Malvési</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricastin_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Tricastin Nuclear Power Plant">Tricastin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurodif" title="Eurodif">Eurodif</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romans_Nuclear_Site&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Romans Nuclear Site (page does not exist)">Romans</a> (<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Site_nucl%C3%A9aire_de_Romans" class="extiw" title="fr:Site nucléaire de Romans">fr</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Hague_site" title="La Hague site">La Hague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manche_storage_centre" title="Manche storage centre">Manche</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_Nationale_des_Comit%C3%A9s_et_Commissions_Locales_d%27Information" title="Association Nationale des Comités et Commissions Locales d'Information">ANCCLI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agence_nationale_pour_la_gestion_des_d%C3%A9chets_radioactifs" title="Agence nationale pour la gestion des déchets radioactifs">Andra</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Areva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Group" title="Naval Group">Naval Group</a> (formerly DCNS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autorit%C3%A9_de_s%C3%BBret%C3%A9_nucl%C3%A9aire" title="Autorité de sûreté nucléaire">ASN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Alternative_Energies_and_Atomic_Energy_Commission" title="French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission">CEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lectricit%C3%A9_de_France" title="Électricité de France">Électricité de France</a> (EDF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Framatome" title="Framatome">Framatome</a> (formerly Areva NP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orano" title="Orano">Orano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orano_Cycle" title="Orano Cycle">Orano Cycle</a> (formerly COGEMA and Areva NC)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Public discourse<br />and opposition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_France#Accidents_and_incidents" title="Nuclear power in France">Accidents and incidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-nuclear_movement_in_France" title="Anti-nuclear movement in France">Anti-nuclear movement in France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Blayais_Nuclear_Power_Plant_flood" title="1999 Blayais Nuclear Power Plant flood">1999 Blayais Nuclear Power Plant flood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_S%C3%A9bastien_Briat" title="Death of Sébastien Briat">Death of Sébastien Briat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corinne_Lepage" title="Corinne Lepage">Corinne Lepage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Lhomme" title="Stéphane Lhomme">Stéphane Lhomme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycle_Schneider" title="Mycle Schneider">Mycle Schneider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monique_Sen%C3%A9" title="Monique Sené">Monique Sené</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominique_Voynet" title="Dominique Voynet">Dominique Voynet</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Ravi" class="extiw" title="fr:Le Ravi">Yves Marignac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solange_Fernex" title="Solange Fernex">Solange Fernex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_for_Independent_Research_and_Information_on_Radioactivity" title="Commission for Independent Research and Information on Radioactivity">CRIIRAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groupement_des_scientifiques_pour_l%27information_sur_l%27%C3%A9nergie_nucl%C3%A9aire" title="Groupement des scientifiques pour l'information sur l'énergie nucléaire">Groupement des scientifiques pour l'information sur l'énergie nucléaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sortir_du_nucl%C3%A9aire_(France)" title="Sortir du nucléaire (France)">Sortir du nucléaire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related categories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nuclear_power_in_France" title="Category:Nuclear power in France">Nuclear power in France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nuclear_power_stations_in_France" title="Category:Nuclear power stations in France">Nuclear power stations in France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nuclear_technology_in_France" title="Category:Nuclear technology in France">Nuclear technology in France</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_nuclear_reactors#France" title="Lists of nuclear reactors">List of nuclear reactors in France</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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