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<span>Operations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Operations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Operations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Niger" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Niger"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Niger</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Niger-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Concessions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Concessions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Concessions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Concessions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2007_conflict_with_Niger" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2007_conflict_with_Niger"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>2007 conflict with Niger</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2007_conflict_with_Niger-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Imouraren_mine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Imouraren_mine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>Imouraren mine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Imouraren_mine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Long_term_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Long_term_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.4</span> <span>Long term relations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Long_term_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a 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.infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Orano Cycle</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Public_company" title="Public company">Public</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear industry">Nuclear</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1976</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="ib-company-locality locality">Paris</div>, <div class="ib-company-country country-name">France</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Area served</div></th><td class="infobox-data">France</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Jean-Jacques Dreher (CEO)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.orano.group/en">Orano.group</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Orano Cycle</b>, formerly <b>COGEMA</b> (<i>Compagnie générale des matières nucléaires</i>) and <b>Areva NC</b>, is a French nuclear fuel company. It is the main subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/Orano_S.A." class="mw-redirect" title="Orano S.A.">Orano S.A.</a> It is an industrial group active in all stages of the <a href="/wiki/Uranium_fuel_cycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Uranium fuel cycle">uranium fuel cycle</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">uranium</a> mining, conversion, <a href="/wiki/Uranium_enrichment" class="mw-redirect" title="Uranium enrichment">enrichment</a>, spent fuel <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reprocessing" title="Nuclear reprocessing">reprocessing</a>, and recycling.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The company was originally created in 1976. In 2001, it became part of <a href="/wiki/Areva" title="Areva">Areva</a>; its name was changed to <i>Areva NC</i> in March 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result of restructuring of Areva, Areva NC became part of Orano and changed its name to Orano Cycle. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orano_Cycle&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1976, <i>Compagnie générale des mines</i> was created based on the uranium production activities of <i><a href="/wiki/Commissariat_%C3%A0_l%27%C3%A9nergie_atomique" class="mw-redirect" title="Commissariat à l'énergie atomique">Commissariat à l'énergie atomique</a></i> (CEA). Later it was renamed <i>Compagnie Générale des Matières Nucléaire</i> (COGEMA). As of 1999, COGEMA was majority owned by CEA (81.5%) with minority owned by <a href="/wiki/Total_S.A." class="mw-redirect" title="Total S.A.">Total S.A.</a> (15%) and <a href="/wiki/Technip" title="Technip">Technip</a> (3.5%). It also owned stakes in <a href="/wiki/Framatome" title="Framatome">Framatome</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eramet" title="Eramet">Eramet</a>. </p><p>In June 2001, Cogema became a part of the Topco group which was renamed Areva in September 2001. In 2006, Cogema became Areva NC and began the construction of a new uranium enrichment plant at the <a href="/wiki/Tricastin_Nuclear_Power_Plant#Tricastin_Nuclear_Site" title="Tricastin Nuclear Power Plant">Tricastin nuclear</a> site. In 2008, Areva NC launched the Comurhex II projects for new uranium conversion plants at <a href="/wiki/Malv%C3%A9si" title="Malvési">Malvési</a> and [Tricastin sites in France. </p><p>In 2018, Areva NC changed its name to Orano Cycle to reflect the restructuring of Areva. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operations">Operations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orano_Cycle&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Operations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Areva NC is based in France and with its subsidiaries has a presence in more than 30 countries. It employs approximately 19,000 people worldwide. In France, it operates the <a href="/wiki/Reprocessing_plant_at_La_Hague" class="mw-redirect" title="Reprocessing plant at La Hague">reprocessing plant at La Hague</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Marcoule_nuclear_site" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcoule nuclear site">Marcoule nuclear site</a>, the Pierrelatte nuclear site (Tricastin nuclear site) and the <a href="/wiki/Cadarache_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Cadarache center">Cadarache center</a>. </p><p>Orano Cycle has uranium reserves in <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a>, Canada, Australia and <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>. The last mine operation in France, <i>La Société des Mines de Jouac</i>, closed in 2001 when its reserves ran out. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Niger">Niger</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orano_Cycle&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Niger"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Concessions">Concessions</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orano_Cycle&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Concessions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Areva NC's Niger operations consist of three concessions near the town of <a href="/wiki/Arlit" title="Arlit">Arlit</a>, runs as joint ventures with (minority) stakeholders from the Nigerien government and smaller foreign investors. Arlit was in fact built in the midst of the <a href="/wiki/Sahara" title="Sahara">Sahara</a> to support these operations, and has a large expatriate population employed by Areva and its subcontractors. These ventures are <a href="/w/index.php?title=Somair&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Somair (page does not exist)">Somair</a> (<i>Société des Mines de l'Aïr</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which operates an open pit uranium mine, and <a href="/wiki/COMINAK" title="COMINAK">COMINAK</a> (<i>Compagnie Minière d'Akouta</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These two mines accounted for 3,093 metric tonnes of uranium in 2005, almost 10 percent of annual global production and 30% of French consumption and 32% of <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Niger" title="Economy of Niger">Niger's exports</a>, but less than 5% of Niger's <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-C2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The increase in the cost of uranium on world markets in 2006 (more than 46%<sup id="cite_ref-C2_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) will enable Niger to triple its revenues sourced from Areva.<sup id="cite_ref-C2_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2007_conflict_with_Niger">2007 conflict with Niger</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orano_Cycle&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 2007 conflict with Niger"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tuareg_rebellion_(2007%E2%80%932009)" title="Tuareg rebellion (2007–2009)">Tuareg rebellion (2007–2009)</a></div> <p>On 25 July 2007, the CEO of Areva-Niger, Dominique Pin, was expelled from Niger (although he was in Paris at the time) on charges of supporting the <a href="/wiki/Second_Tuareg_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Tuareg Rebellion">Second Tuareg Rebellion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-C2_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <i>Le Canard enchaîné</i>, this move from <a href="/wiki/Seyni_Oumarou" title="Seyni Oumarou">Seyni Oumarou</a>'s government was motivated by negotiations concerning the uranium trade agreement, which was finally renewed on 1 August 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-C2_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Laouel_Kader_Mahamadou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laouel Kader Mahamadou (page does not exist)">Laouel Kader Mahamadou</a>, who had resigned from his functions as secretary general of the Nigerien government to take a consulting job with Areva-Niger, was asked by the Nigerian <a href="/wiki/DGSE" class="mw-redirect" title="DGSE">DGSE</a> to remain in Niger instead of flying to France for an integration workshop until a "clarification of the situation" could be obtained.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The sporadic fighting in the uranium-producing north halted Areva's Niger mining operations in late 2007, and expansion plans were only beginning to resume in February 2008, while the insecurity and uncertainty remained. </p><p>Prior to this, Areva also gained a concession in nearby <a href="/wiki/Imouraren" class="mw-redirect" title="Imouraren">Imouraren</a>, which is hoped to double or triple their production in Niger. In January 2008, Areva signed a deal to invest over 1 billion euros into its three operations in Niger, increasing the share of revenues going to the government of Niger by 50 percent.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Areva is also being pressured by the opening for the first time of over 100 concessions for uranium mining in Niger, most notably to Canadian and Chinese firms.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2008, four French workers were kidnapped from Areva operations near Arlit, but quickly released. Nigerien rebels of the <a href="/wiki/Movement_Nigerien_for_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="Movement Nigerien for Justice">Movement Nigerien for Justice</a> (MNJ) operations in early and mid-2008 affected transport of ore from Arlit. Despite the violence in the Aïr Massif, Areva NC and the Nigerien government were by later 2008 unhindered in their exploitation of the Arlit uranium mines and in the transport of its product by highway to ports in <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Imouraren_mine">Imouraren mine</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orano_Cycle&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Imouraren mine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the beginning of 2009, Niger and the French state mining company agreed a deal to build near Arlit the <a href="/wiki/Imouraren_mine" title="Imouraren mine">Imouraren mine</a>. Areva would hold a 66% stake to the Nigerien mining office's 33%. At a projected output of five thousand tonnes of ore a year, it would be largest uranium mine in the world by 2012, as the SOMAIR and COMINAK mines are phased out. The deal would make Niger the second largest uranium producer in the world, and included plans to construct a civil nuclear power station for Niger.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While Areva officials earlier in the year admitted the security situation makes it impossible to prospect at night, the operations of the mines were by December unaffected by the Tuareg rebellion.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite the 2007 awarding of nearly 100 prospecting contracts to firms other than Areva, the high-profile Chinese and Canadian projects were in 2009 not yet formalised.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Long_term_relations">Long term relations</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orano_Cycle&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Long term relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Areva has been criticised both in Niger and the west for a <a href="/wiki/Neocolonial" class="mw-redirect" title="Neocolonial">neocolonial</a> relationship with the former French colony, having obtained monopoly rights to mine uranium for nearly forty years, while Niger remains (as of 2006) the least developed country in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There has been speculation that Areva was the primary vehicle (and motivation) for French government involvement in the Nigerien government's poor history of democracy and human rights since the late 1960s. </p><p>Areva argues that it is a good steward of the environment and a partner in development with the Nigerien people. The company stresses that most workers it directly employs in Niger are locals, and that the revenue generated by these mines is the single largest foreign exchange source for Niger.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the population of Niger was exposed to a serious <a href="/wiki/Famine" title="Famine">famine</a> in 2005, Areva donated 130,000 euros in June 2005 to the food crisis coordination group of Niger, and 120,000 euros in July in the form of two planes loaded with food and organized by <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Kouchner" title="Bernard Kouchner">Bernard Kouchner</a>'s <i>Réussir</i> NGO. Nigerien critics point out that this aid amounted to 0.05% of Areva's annual profits of 428 million euros.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2008, a Swiss human rights group awarded Areva's Niger operations their "2008 Public Eye Global Award" for the "worst company in the world", citing charges of radioactive pollution, poor working conditions, and the deaths of a number of workers.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Tuareg_people" title="Tuareg people">Tuareg</a> based rebel group fighting in the Arlit area has echoed these charges.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="France">France</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orano_Cycle&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cezus">Cezus</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orano_Cycle&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Cezus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Cezus</b> or CEZUS is a subsidiary of Areva NC. It is the company's front-end operation for <a href="/wiki/Zirconium" title="Zirconium">zirconium</a>. It supplies the company's Reactors and Services operational unit with the materials needed for the <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear industry">nuclear industry</a>. It produces "zirconium alloy tubes, bars, and sheets for <a href="/wiki/Pressurized_water_reactor" title="Pressurized water reactor">pressurized water reactors</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boiling_water_reactor" title="Boiling water reactor">boiling water reactors</a>". It forms Areva's Fuel Zirconium Division with the ANF plant in <a href="/wiki/Duisburg" title="Duisburg">Duisburg</a>, Germany. It operates five sites in France. The commune of <a href="/wiki/Ugine" title="Ugine">Ugine</a> says Cezus is the worldwide number one in zirconium. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Jarrie">Jarrie</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orano_Cycle&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Jarrie"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Is%C3%A8re" title="Isère">Isère</a>. Plant manufactures zirconium sponge through chemical operations and extractible metallurgical processes. It also values derived products issued from the zirconium process such as hafnium salt, magnesium and silicium, as well as zirconium and hafnium oxides and highly pure hafnium. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Montreuil-Juigné"><span id="Montreuil-Juign.C3.A9"></span>Montreuil-Juigné</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orano_Cycle&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Montreuil-Juigné"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Maine-et-Loire" title="Maine-et-Loire">Maine-et-Loire</a>. Plant transforms extruded billets into an extruded tube, the trex. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Painboeuf">Painboeuf</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orano_Cycle&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Painboeuf"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Loire-Atlantique" title="Loire-Atlantique">Loire-Atlantique</a>. This and Duisburg plants pilder mills the Trex as a fuel rod (claddings and guide tubes). Paimboeuf plant also makes zirconium bars for end caps. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Rugles">Rugles</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orano_Cycle&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Rugles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Eure" title="Eure">Eure</a>. Plant rolls (hot and cold) the slab to coils and strips for the structure of the fuel assembly. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Ugine">Ugine</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orano_Cycle&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Ugine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Cezus' primary research and development center, named CRC, is in <a href="/wiki/Ugine" title="Ugine">Ugine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Savoie" title="Savoie">Savoie</a>. Also a service center, it employs 25 engineers and technicians in zirconium-based alloys metallurgy and processes. It has partnerships with the <a href="/wiki/French_National_Centre_for_Scientific_Research" title="French National Centre for Scientific Research">French National Centre for Scientific Research</a> (CNRS) and universities. It conducts research and development of new alloys for fuel assemblies. It develops software for fabrication of zirconium sponge, shaping of zirconium alloys, and conversion processes.</li> <li>Plant established in 1971 with a workforce of 360. Metalworking (melting, forging) and transformation of reactive metals such as zirconium, hafnium, titanium for critical nuclear and aeronautical applications. Plant turns zirconium <a href="/wiki/Coordination_complex" title="Coordination complex">sponge</a> into an <a href="/wiki/Zirconium_alloy" class="mw-redirect" title="Zirconium alloy">alloy</a> semifinished product. Main operations: melt, forge, extrude and recycle. Outputs extruded billets, slabs and bars.</li></ul> <p>Subsidiary: Société Timet Savoie (titanium). </p><p>It is the site where Sylvain Mollier, one of the <a href="/wiki/Annecy_shootings" title="Annecy shootings">Annecy shootings</a> victims, worked when he died.<br /> "Il travaillait dans un atelier de production chez Cezus, une usine du groupe nucléaire français Areva [...]." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orano_Cycle&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurodif" title="Eurodif">Eurodif</a> program</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcoule" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcoule">Marcoule</a>, a site shared by Areva NC and the <a href="/wiki/Commissariat_%C3%A0_l%27Energie_Atomique" class="mw-redirect" title="Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique">Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique</a> (CEA) nuclear organization.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_France" title="Nuclear power in France">Nuclear power in France</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orano_Cycle&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anawa.org.au/industry/cogema.html">Cogema</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080201080956/http://www.anawa.org.au/industry/cogema.html">Archived</a> 1 February 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Anti-Nuclear Alliance of Western Australia. Accessed on line 23 December 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acdis.uiuc.edu/research/OPs/Pederson/html/contents/sect2.html">France and Nuclear Energy</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071016043517/http://www.acdis.uiuc.edu/research/OPs/Pederson/html/contents/sect2.html">Archived</a> 16 October 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, §2, <i>The French Desire for Uranium</i>, Nicholas Pederson, ACDIS occasional paper. Accessed on line 23 December 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.francetech.org/energie/nucleair/ra2001-areva.htm">AREVA : un avenir à préparer</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged October 2016">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>, Direction Générale de l'Énergie et des Matières Premières, 16 April 2002. Accessed on line 23 December 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070808183332/http://www.areva-nc.com/servlet/ContentServer?pagename=cogema_en%2FPage%2Fpage_html_libre_full_template&c=Page&cid=1039482706542">COGEMA becomes AREVA NC</a>, history, Areva. Accessed on line 23 December 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afdevinfo.com/htmlreports/org/org_50418.html">Société des Mines de l'Aïr,: African Development Information</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080906175630/http://www.afdevinfo.com/htmlreports/org/org_50418.html">Archived</a> 6 September 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070813095303/http://www.areva-nc.com/servlet/ContentServer?pagename=cogema_en%2FPage%2Fpage_activite_full_template&c=Page&cid=1039482706706">Areva NC website</a>: Mining operations.<br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.world-nuclear.org/sym/2004/souley.htm">Georges Capus, Pascal Bourrelier and Moussa Souley. Uranium Mining in Niger; Status and Perspectives of a Top Five Producing Country</a>. World Nuclear Association Annual Symposium, 2004.<br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afdevinfo.com/htmlreports/org/org_50424.html">Compagnie Minière d'Akouta': African Development Information</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110707092547/http://www.afdevinfo.com/htmlreports/org/org_50424.html">Archived</a> 7 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-C2-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-C2_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-C2_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-C2_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-C2_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-C2_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Atomes pas très crochus au Niger" in <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Canard_encha%C3%AEn%C3%A9" title="Le Canard enchaîné">Le Canard enchaîné</a></i>, 22 August 2007, p.4 <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.planeteafrique.com/Republicain-Niger/index.asp?affiche=News_Display.asp&ArticleID=4045&rub=Actualit%E9s">"Conflit armé dans le nord. Des morts et des réfugiés"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927225824/http://www.planeteafrique.com/Republicain-Niger/index.asp?affiche=News_Display.asp&ArticleID=4045&rub=Actualit%E9s">Archived</a> 27 September 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_R%C3%A9publicain-Niger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Le Républicain-Niger (page does not exist)">Le Républicain-Niger</a></i>, 23 August 2007 <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/rbssIndustryMaterialsUtilitiesNews/idUSWEB185320080114?sp=true">Areva renews Niger uranium deal, pays 50 pct more</a>. By Marie Maitre and Abdoulaye Massalatchi: Reuters. Mon 14 January 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andrew McGregor <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jamestown.org/china_brief/article.php?articleid=2373697">"Mining for Energy: China's Relations with Niger"</a>. <i>China Brief</i>. Volume 7, Issue 18 (3 October 2007)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://af.reuters.com/article/nigerNews/idAFL92691720090109?feedType=RSS&feedName=nigerNews&pageNumber=2&virtualBrandChannel=0&sp=true">"Uranium-rich Niger eyes nuclear power generation"</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged July 2021">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>. Reuters. Fri 9 January 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lemonde.fr/planete/article/2009/01/10/la-course-a-l-uranium-reprend-dans-le-monde_1140142_3244.html">"La course à l'uranium reprend dans le monde"</a>. <i>Le Monde</i> 10 January 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601085&sid=aTo6Oh8p8IYg&refer=europe">"Areva Will Post Loss From Niger Uranium This Year"</a>. Anne-Sylvaine Chassany, Bloomberg News. 25 March 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://niger.areva.com/niger_home/liblocal/docs/AREVA%20au%20Niger%20janvier%2009%20version%20anglaise.pdf">AREVA in Niger</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090225210442/http://niger.areva.com/niger_home/liblocal/docs/AREVA%20au%20Niger%20janvier%2009%20version%20anglaise.pdf">Archived</a> 25 February 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Areva press release (January 2009)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mineweb.com/mineweb/view/mineweb/en/page68?oid=62945&sn=Detail">"Areva feels uranium mining heat in Niger"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120907030419/http://www.mineweb.com/mineweb/view/mineweb/en/page68?oid=62945&sn=Detail">Archived</a> 7 September 2012 at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a>. Rob Foulkes and Daniel Litvin: Critical Resource. mineweb.com 19 September 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Guy Martin. "Uranium: A Case-Study in Franco-African Relations". <i>The Journal of Modern African Studies</i>, Vol. 27, No. 4 (Dec., 1989), pp. 625-640.<br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.voanews.com/english/2008-01-14-voa47.cfm">"Niger Renews Mining Deal With Nuclear Giant Areva"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080203142708/http://www.voanews.com/english/2008-01-14-voa47.cfm">Archived</a> 3 February 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Jade Heilmann, <a href="/wiki/Voice_of_America" title="Voice of America">Voice of America</a>, 14 January 2008.<br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.memoireonline.com/09/07/604/niger-foreign-policy-with-france-1974-1987.html#_Toc75013591">DOUKA ALASSANE MAHAMIDOU. NIGER'S FOREIGN POLICY WITH FRANCE (1974 - 1987), <i>4.5.2 NIGER'S URANIUM</i></a>. DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL STUDIES, FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA. (JUNE, 2004).<br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://allafrica.com/stories/200710100968.html">Niger: Uranium - Blessing Or Curse?</a>. UN Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN), 10 October 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Two examples include:<br /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.areva-nc.com/servlet/ContentServer?pagename=cogema_en/communique/communique_full_template&c=communique&cid=1192089912305&p=1039482707194">24 October 2007 Update on deployment of AREVA health-watch programs</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged October 2016">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.areva-nc.com/servlet/ContentServer?pagename=cogema_en/communique/communique_full_template&c=communique&cid=1200298013512&p=1039482707194">13 January 2008 AREVA strengthens its presence in Niger with the signing of a win-win partnership agreement </a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged October 2016">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080213234051/http://www.canardenchaine.com/accueil.html">"Peu enrichi à l'uranium ("Not much enriched by uranium")"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Canard_encha%C3%AEn%C3%A9" title="Le Canard enchaîné">Le Canard enchaîné</a></i> (in French). 3 August 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canardenchaine.com/accueil.html">the original</a> on 13 February 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Canard+encha%C3%AEn%C3%A9&rft.atitle=Peu+enrichi+%C3%A0+l%27uranium+%28%22Not+much+enriched+by+uranium%22%29&rft.date=2005-08-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.canardenchaine.com%2Faccueil.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrano+Cycle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.publiceye.ch/">Swiss human rights group Public Eye</a> 2008 Public Eye Global Award. <br /> "Uranium mining in Niger: mineworkers are not sufficiently informed about health risks, open-air storage of radioactive materials. Workers with cancer are deliberately given a false diagnosis at the company hospital." <br /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.criirad.org/actualites/dossiers-08/niger-areva/som-alhacenfrance.html">Criirad, French anti-nuclear NGO</a> <br /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=40831">WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM: The Public Eye Is Watching</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100627005725/http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=40831">Archived</a> 27 June 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> By Gustavo Capdevila. BERN, 17 January 2008 (IPS)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.M-N-J.blogspot.com">MNJ press site</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.temoust.org/spip.php?article4004">Tuaregs slow, but don't halt, Niger uranium boom</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071213211809/http://www.temoust.org/spip.php?article4004">Archived</a> 13 December 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>, London, 11-12-2007.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130716064946/http://www.ugine.com/fr/industries2.htm">(Commune of Ugine, 19/09/2012)</a><br /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.areva.com/EN/operations-977/cezus-ugine-melting-and-forging.html">(Areva website, 19/09/2012)</a> <br /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130120195342/http://www.levif.be/info/belga-generique/france-tuerie-les-obseques-du-cycliste-francais-celebrees-en-haute-savoie/article-4000178734803.htm">(<i>Le Vif</i>, 17/09/2012)</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orano_Cycle&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071212095447/http://www.areva-nc.com/">Areva NC</a>, official website</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nuclear_power_in_France" title="Template:Nuclear power in France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nuclear_power_in_France" title="Template talk:Nuclear power in France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nuclear_power_in_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nuclear power in France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nuclear_power_in_France" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_France" title="Nuclear power in France">Nuclear power in France</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Power plants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belleville_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Belleville Nuclear Power Plant">Belleville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blayais_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Blayais Nuclear Power Plant">Blayais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bugey_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Bugey Nuclear Power Plant">Bugey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cattenom_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Cattenom Nuclear Power Plant">Cattenom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinon_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Chinon Nuclear Power Plant">Chinon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chooz_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Chooz Nuclear Power Plant">Chooz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civaux_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Civaux Nuclear Power Plant">Civaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruas_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Cruas Nuclear Power Plant">Cruas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dampierre_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Dampierre Nuclear Power Plant">Dampierre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamanville_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Flamanville Nuclear Power Plant">Flamanville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golfech_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Golfech Nuclear Power Plant">Golfech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravelines_Nuclear_Power_Station" title="Gravelines Nuclear Power Station">Gravelines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nogent_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Nogent Nuclear Power Plant">Nogent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paluel_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Paluel Nuclear Power Plant">Paluel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penly_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Penly Nuclear Power Plant">Penly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Alban_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Saint-Alban Nuclear Power Plant">Saint-Alban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Laurent_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Saint-Laurent Nuclear Power Plant">Saint-Laurent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricastin_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Tricastin Nuclear Power Plant">Tricastin</a> (Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Closed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brennilis_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Brennilis Nuclear Power Plant">Brennilis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bugey_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Bugey Nuclear Power Plant">Bugey 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinon_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Chinon Nuclear Power Plant">Chinon (A1/A2/A3)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chooz_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Chooz Nuclear Power Plant">Chooz A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superph%C3%A9nix" title="Superphénix">Creys-Malville SPX</a> (Superphénix)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fessenheim_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Fessenheim Nuclear Power Plant">Fessenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcoule_Nuclear_Site#Reactors" title="Marcoule Nuclear Site">Marcoule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Laurent_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Saint-Laurent Nuclear Power Plant">Saint-Laurent (A1/A2)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reactor types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Power plant reactors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UNGG_reactor" title="UNGG reactor">UNGG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_France#900_MWe_class_.28CP0.2C_CP1_and_CP2_designs.29" title="Nuclear power in France">CP0, CP1, CP2, CPY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_France#900_MWe_class_.28P4_and_P.274_designs.29" title="Nuclear power in France">P4, P'4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_France#900_MWe_class_.28N4_design.29" title="Nuclear power in France">N4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EPR_(nuclear_reactor)" title="EPR (nuclear reactor)">EPR</a> (under construction)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Research, experimental,<br />prototype reactors<br />and concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zo%C3%A9_(reactor)" title="Zoé (reactor)">EL-1 (Zoé)</a></li> <li>EL-2, EL-3 (<a href="/wiki/CEA_Paris-Saclay" title="CEA Paris-Saclay">CEA Paris-Saclay</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokamak_de_Fontenay_aux_Roses" class="mw-redirect" title="Tokamak de Fontenay aux Roses">TFR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brennilis_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Brennilis Nuclear Power Plant">EL-4 (Brennilis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapsodie" title="Rapsodie">Rapsodie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%A9nix" title="Phénix">Phénix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superph%C3%A9nix" title="Superphénix">Superphénix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Horowitz_Reactor" title="Jules Horowitz Reactor">JHR</a> (under construction)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITER" title="ITER">ITER</a> (under construction)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASTRID_(reactor)" title="ASTRID (reactor)">ASTRID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flexblue" title="Flexblue">Flexblue</a> (concept)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Research locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cadarache" title="Cadarache">CEA Cadarache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_de_Ch%C3%A2tillon" title="Fort de Châtillon">CEA Fontenay-aux-Roses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygone_Scientifique" title="Polygone Scientifique">CEA Grenoble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institut_Laue%E2%80%93Langevin" title="Institut Laue–Langevin">Institut Laue–Langevin</a> (Grenoble)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcoule_Nuclear_Site" title="Marcoule Nuclear Site">CEA Marcoule</a> (Marcoule, Pierrelatte)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CEA_Paris-Saclay" title="CEA Paris-Saclay">CEA Saclay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meuse/Haute_Marne_Underground_Research_Laboratory" title="Meuse/Haute Marne Underground Research Laboratory">Meuse/Haute Marne Underground Research Laboratory (Andra)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricastin_Nuclear_Power_Plant#Tricastin_Nuclear_Site" title="Tricastin Nuclear Power Plant">Tricastin Nuclear Site</a> (Bollène, Lapalud, Pierrelatte, Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fuel_cycle" title="Nuclear fuel cycle">Fuel cycle</a> locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malv%C3%A9si" title="Malvési">Malvési</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricastin_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Tricastin Nuclear Power Plant">Tricastin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurodif" title="Eurodif">Eurodif</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romans_Nuclear_Site&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Romans Nuclear Site (page does not exist)">Romans</a> (<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Site_nucl%C3%A9aire_de_Romans" class="extiw" title="fr:Site nucléaire de Romans">fr</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Hague_site" title="La Hague site">La Hague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manche_storage_centre" title="Manche storage centre">Manche</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_Nationale_des_Comit%C3%A9s_et_Commissions_Locales_d%27Information" title="Association Nationale des Comités et Commissions Locales d'Information">ANCCLI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agence_nationale_pour_la_gestion_des_d%C3%A9chets_radioactifs" title="Agence nationale pour la gestion des déchets radioactifs">Andra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Areva" title="Areva">Areva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Group" title="Naval Group">Naval Group</a> (formerly DCNS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autorit%C3%A9_de_s%C3%BBret%C3%A9_nucl%C3%A9aire" title="Autorité de sûreté nucléaire">ASN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Alternative_Energies_and_Atomic_Energy_Commission" title="French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission">CEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lectricit%C3%A9_de_France" title="Électricité de France">Électricité de France</a> (EDF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Framatome" title="Framatome">Framatome</a> (formerly Areva NP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orano" title="Orano">Orano</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Orano Cycle</a> (formerly COGEMA and Areva NC)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Public discourse<br />and opposition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_France#Accidents_and_incidents" title="Nuclear power in France">Accidents and incidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-nuclear_movement_in_France" title="Anti-nuclear movement in France">Anti-nuclear movement in France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Blayais_Nuclear_Power_Plant_flood" title="1999 Blayais Nuclear Power Plant flood">1999 Blayais Nuclear Power Plant flood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_S%C3%A9bastien_Briat" title="Death of Sébastien Briat">Death of Sébastien Briat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Larivi%C3%A8re" title="André Larivière">André Larivière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corinne_Lepage" title="Corinne Lepage">Corinne Lepage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Lhomme" title="Stéphane Lhomme">Stéphane Lhomme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycle_Schneider" title="Mycle Schneider">Mycle Schneider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monique_Sen%C3%A9" title="Monique Sené">Monique Sené</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominique_Voynet" title="Dominique Voynet">Dominique Voynet</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Ravi" class="extiw" title="fr:Le Ravi">Yves Marignac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solange_Fernex" title="Solange Fernex">Solange Fernex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_for_Independent_Research_and_Information_on_Radioactivity" title="Commission for Independent Research and Information on Radioactivity">CRIIRAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groupement_des_scientifiques_pour_l%27information_sur_l%27%C3%A9nergie_nucl%C3%A9aire" title="Groupement des scientifiques pour l'information sur l'énergie nucléaire">Groupement des scientifiques pour l'information sur l'énergie nucléaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sortir_du_nucl%C3%A9aire_(France)" title="Sortir du nucléaire (France)">Sortir du nucléaire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related categories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nuclear_power_in_France" title="Category:Nuclear power in France">Nuclear power in France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nuclear_power_stations_in_France" title="Category:Nuclear power stations in France">Nuclear power stations in France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nuclear_technology_in_France" title="Category:Nuclear technology in France">Nuclear technology in France</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_nuclear_reactors#France" title="Lists of nuclear reactors">List of nuclear reactors in France</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q262037#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" 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