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cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> Language </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Mirndi+languages" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> Watch </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="/w/index.php?title=Mirndi_languages&action=edit" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> Edit </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style>The Mirndi or Mindi languages are an <a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_languages" title="Australian Aboriginal languages">Australian</a> <a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">language family</a> spoken in the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Territory" title="Northern Territory">Northern Territory</a> of <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>. The family consists of two sub-groups and an isolate branch: the <a href="/wiki/Yirram_languages" title="Yirram languages">Yirram languages</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Ngurlun_languages" title="Ngurlun languages">Ngurlun languages</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jingulu_language" title="Jingulu language">Jingulu language</a> some 200 km farther to the southeast, separated by the <a href="/wiki/Ngumpin_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngumpin languages">Ngumpin languages</a>.<a href="#cite_note-schultz_berndt_2000_8-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-mcconvell_2009-2">[2]</a> The primary difference between the two sub-groups is that while the <a href="/wiki/Yirram_languages" title="Yirram languages">Yirram languages</a> are all prefixing like other <a href="/wiki/Non-Pama%E2%80%93Nyungan_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Pama–Nyungan languages">non-Pama–Nyungan languages</a>, the Ngurlun languages are all suffixing like most <a href="/wiki/Pama%E2%80%93Nyungan_languages" title="Pama–Nyungan languages">Pama–Nyungan languages</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ian_green_1995-3">[3]</a> <table class="infobox" style="width:22em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #eba9ee;">Mirndi</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: #eba9ee;">Mindi</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Geographic distribution</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Victoria_River_(Northern_Territory)" title="Victoria River (Northern Territory)">Victoria River</a> and <a href="/wiki/Barkly_Tableland" title="Barkly Tableland">Barkly Tableland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Territory" title="Northern Territory">Northern Territory</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Linguistic classification</a></th><td class="infobox-data">One of the world's primary <a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">language families</a></td></tr><tr class="plainlist"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Subdivisions</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yirram_languages" title="Yirram languages">Yirram</a> (Jaminjungan) <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingulu_language" title="Jingulu language">Jingulu</a> (Djingili)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngurlun_languages" title="Ngurlun languages">Ngurlun</a> (East Mirndi)</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #eba9ee;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><samp><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/mirn1241">mirn1241</a></code></samp></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Mindi_languages.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/53/Mindi_languages.png/300px-Mindi_languages.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/53/Mindi_languages.png/450px-Mindi_languages.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/53/Mindi_languages.png/600px-Mindi_languages.png 2x" data-file-width="725" data-file-height="576"></a><div style="text-align:left;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"> Yirram</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> Barkly (Jingulu + Ngurlun)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> other non-Pama–Nyungan families</div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> The name of the family is derived from the <a href="/wiki/Dual_(grammatical_number)" title="Dual (grammatical number)">dual</a> <a href="/wiki/Clusivity" title="Clusivity">inclusive</a> <a href="/wiki/Pronoun" title="Pronoun">pronoun</a> ('we', in the sense of 'you and I') which is shared by all the languages in the family in the form of either mind- or mirnd-.<a href="#cite_note-schultz_berndt_2000_8-1">[1]</a> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Classification">1 Classification</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Vocabulary">2 Vocabulary</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Proto-language">3 Proto-language</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#References">4 References</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Notes">4.1 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#General">4.2 General</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Classification">Classification</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mirndi_languages&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Classification" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> The family has been generally accepted after being first established by Neil Chadwick in the early 1980s. The genetic relationship is primarily based upon <a href="/wiki/Morphology_(linguistics)" title="Morphology (linguistics)">morphology</a> and not <a href="/wiki/Lexicostatistics" title="Lexicostatistics">lexical comparison</a>,<a href="#cite_note-ian_green_1995-3">[3]</a> with the strongest evidence being found among the pronouns. However, "there are very few other systematic similarities in other areas of grammar[, which] throw some doubts on the Mirndi classification, making it less secure than generally accepted."<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> Nonetheless, as of 2008 proto-Mirndi has been reconstructed.<a href="#cite_note-Harvey-5">[5]</a> <div class="clade"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1258728058">body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output div.clade,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade{overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade p{font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{min-width:0.2em;width:0.2em;padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label::before,.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel::before{content:"\2060 "}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}</style> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">Mirndi </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> <a href="/wiki/Yirram_languages" title="Yirram languages">Yirram</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/Nungali_language" title="Nungali language">Nungali</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/Jaminjung_language" title="Jaminjung language">Jaminjung</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/Jingulu_language" title="Jingulu language">Jingulu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> <a href="/wiki/Ngurlun_languages" title="Ngurlun languages">Ngurlun</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/Ngarnka_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngarnka language">Ngarnka</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/Wambaya_language" title="Wambaya language">Wambaya</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> An additional language may be added, <a href="/wiki/Ngaliwurru_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngaliwurru dialect">Ngaliwurru</a>. However, it is unsure whether it is a language on its own, or merely a <a href="/wiki/Dialect" title="Dialect">dialect</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Jaminjung_language" title="Jaminjung language">Jaminjung language</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mcconvell_2009-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-pensalfini_2001-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-harvey_et_al_2006-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> The same is true for <a href="/wiki/Gudanji_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Gudanji dialect">Gudanji</a> and <a href="/wiki/Binbinka_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Binbinka dialect">Binbinka</a>, although these are generally considered dialects of the <a href="/wiki/Wambaya_language" title="Wambaya language">Wambaya language</a>. These three dialects are collectively referred to as the <a href="/wiki/McArthur_River" title="McArthur River">McArthur River</a> languages.<a href="#cite_note-ian_green_1995-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-harvey_et_al_2006-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-pensalfini_1997-10">[10]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Vocabulary">Vocabulary</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mirndi_languages&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Vocabulary" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> Due to the close contact been the <a href="/wiki/Yirram_languages" title="Yirram languages">Yirram languages</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ngurlun_languages" title="Ngurlun languages">Ngurlun languages</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Ngumpin_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngumpin languages">Ngumpin languages</a> and other languages as well, many of the <a href="/wiki/Cognate" title="Cognate">cognates</a> that the <a href="/wiki/Yirram_languages" title="Yirram languages">Yirram</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ngurlun_languages" title="Ngurlun languages">Ngurlun languages</a> share may in fact be loanwords, especially of <a href="/wiki/Ngumpin_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngumpin languages">Ngumpin</a> origin.<a href="#cite_note-schultz_berndt_2000_8-1">[1]</a> For instance, while the <a href="/wiki/Barkly_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Barkly languages">Barkly language</a> <a href="/wiki/Jingulu_language" title="Jingulu language">Jingulu</a> only shares 9% of its vocabulary with its <a href="/wiki/Yirram_languages" title="Yirram languages">Yirram</a> relative, the <a href="/wiki/Ngaliwurru_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngaliwurru dialect">Ngaliwurru dialect</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Jaminjung_language" title="Jaminjung language">Jaminjung language</a>, it shares 28% with the nearby <a href="/wiki/Ngumpin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngumpin language">Ngumpin language</a> <a href="/wiki/Mudburra_language" title="Mudburra language">Mudburra</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ian_green_1995-3">[3]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Jingulu_language" title="Jingulu language">Jingulu language</a> shares 29% and 28% of its vocabulary with the <a href="/wiki/Wambaya_language" title="Wambaya language">Wambaya language</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ngarnka_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngarnka language">Ngarnka language</a> respectively. The <a href="/wiki/Ngarnka_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngarnka language">Ngarnka language</a> shares 60% of its vocabulary with the <a href="/wiki/Wambaya_language" title="Wambaya language">Wambaya language</a>, while the <a href="/wiki/Wambaya_language" title="Wambaya language">Wambaya language</a> shares 69% and 78% with its <a href="/wiki/Dialect" title="Dialect">dialects</a>, <a href="/wiki/Binbinka_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Binbinka dialect">Binbinka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gudanji_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Gudanji dialect">Gudanji</a>, respectively. Finally, these two dialects share 88% of their vocabulary.<a href="#cite_note-pensalfini_1997-10">[10]</a> <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Capell" title="Arthur Capell">Capell</a> (1940) lists the following basic vocabulary items:<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> <dl><dd><table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>gloss </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Nungali_language" title="Nungali language">Nungali</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Jingulu_language" title="Jingulu language">Jilngali</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Jaminjung_language" title="Jaminjung language">Djämindjung</a></th> <th>Ngaliwuru </th></tr> <tr> <th>man </th> <td>diːimbul</td> <td>djumbul</td> <td>djumbul</td> <td>djumbul </td></tr> <tr> <th>woman </th> <td>njäŋaːruŋ</td> <td>ŋaruŋ</td> <td>malɛji</td> <td>ŋaruŋ </td></tr> <tr> <th>head </th> <td>niimburu</td> <td>guɽunjuŋ</td> <td>gulaga</td> <td>djumburu </td></tr> <tr> <th>eye </th> <td>mijaŋargin</td> <td>djuwud</td> <td>djuwad</td> <td>djuwud </td></tr> <tr> <th>nose </th> <td>nijuija</td> <td>djuwija</td> <td>djuwija</td> <td>djuwija </td></tr> <tr> <th>mouth </th> <td>nijara</td> <td>djära</td> <td>djära</td> <td>djära </td></tr> <tr> <th>tongue </th> <td>niaŋandjilin</td> <td>djalaṉ</td> <td>djalaṉ</td> <td>djalan </td></tr> <tr> <th>stomach </th> <td>meuŋug</td> <td>buru</td> <td>magala</td> <td>magala </td></tr> <tr> <th>bone </th> <td>guːdjin</td> <td>bunu, gujuwan</td> <td>gujuwan</td> <td>gujuwan </td></tr> <tr> <th>blood </th> <td>guŋulu</td> <td>garŋan</td> <td>wurinjun</td> <td>guŋulu </td></tr> <tr> <th>kangaroo </th> <td>dijaŋara</td> <td>jaŋara</td> <td>jaŋara</td> <td>jaŋara </td></tr> <tr> <th>opossum </th> <td>djaŋana</td> <td>ŋurgudi</td> <td>djägulädji</td> <td>djägulädji </td></tr> <tr> <th>emu </th> <td>gumurindji</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>crow </th> <td>duagirag</td> <td>waŋguɽin</td> <td>waŋgina</td> <td>waŋgina </td></tr> <tr> <th>fly </th> <td>diridjburu</td> <td>gunäma</td> <td>nämbul</td> <td>gunäma </td></tr> <tr> <th>sun </th> <td>njailän</td> <td>wulŋan</td> <td>wulŋan</td> <td>waŋgu </td></tr> <tr> <th>moon </th> <td>dabaraŋaɽa</td> <td>baraŋan</td> <td>djägilin</td> <td>baɽaŋan </td></tr> <tr> <th>fire </th> <td>nujug</td> <td>gujug</td> <td>gujug</td> <td>gujug </td></tr> <tr> <th>smoke </th> <td>niulaṉ</td> <td>djuwulaṉ</td> <td>djuwulaṉ</td> <td>djuːlaṉ </td></tr> <tr> <th>water </th> <td>gogo</td> <td>gogo</td> <td>gogo</td> <td>gogo </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Proto-language">Proto-language</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mirndi_languages&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Proto-language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="width:22em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #eba9ee;">Proto-Mirndi</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reconstruction of</th><td class="infobox-data">Mirndi languages</td></tr></tbody></table> Proto-Mirndi reconstructions by Harvey (2008):<a href="#cite_note-Harvey-5">[5]</a> <dl><dd><table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>no.</th> <th>gloss</th> <th>Proto-Mirndi </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>to hang, to tip</td> <td>*jalalang </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td>high, up</td> <td>*thangki </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td>women's song style</td> <td>*jarra(r)ta </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>that (not previously mentioned)</td> <td>*jiyi </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td>mother's father</td> <td>*jaju </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td>woman's son</td> <td>*juka </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td>bird (generic)</td> <td>*ju(r)lak </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td>blind</td> <td>*kamamurri </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td>daughter's child</td> <td>*kaminyjarr </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td>cold</td> <td>*karrij </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Accipiter" title="Accipiter">chickenhawk</a></td> <td>*karrkany </td></tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bull_ant" class="mw-redirect" title="Bull ant">bull ant</a></td> <td>*(kija-)kija </td></tr> <tr> <td>13</td> <td>to tickle</td> <td>*kiji-kiji(k) </td></tr> <tr> <td>14</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Red_ochre" class="mw-redirect" title="Red ochre">red ochre</a></td> <td>*kitpu </td></tr> <tr> <td>15</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shitwood" class="mw-redirect" title="Shitwood">shitwood</a></td> <td>*kulinyjirri </td></tr> <tr> <td>16</td> <td>dove sp.</td> <td>*kuluku(ku) </td></tr> <tr> <td>17</td> <td>sky</td> <td>*kulumarra </td></tr> <tr> <td>18</td> <td>throat, <a href="/wiki/Didgeridoo" title="Didgeridoo">didgeridoo</a></td> <td>*kulumpung </td></tr> <tr> <td>19</td> <td>urine</td> <td>*kumpu </td></tr> <tr> <td>20</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Premna_acuminata" title="Premna acuminata">firestick</a></td> <td>*kungkala </td></tr> <tr> <td>21</td> <td>pollen</td> <td>*kuntarri </td></tr> <tr> <td>22</td> <td>flesh</td> <td>*kunyju </td></tr> <tr> <td>23</td> <td>fat</td> <td>*kurij </td></tr> <tr> <td>24</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Australian_brushturkey" title="Australian brushturkey">bush turkey</a></td> <td>*kurrkapati </td></tr> <tr> <td>25</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Boomerang" title="Boomerang">boomerang</a></td> <td>*kurrupartu </td></tr> <tr> <td>26</td> <td>club</td> <td>*ku(r)turu </td></tr> <tr> <td>27</td> <td>shield</td> <td>*kuwarri </td></tr> <tr> <td>28</td> <td>fire</td> <td>*kuyVka </td></tr> <tr> <td>29</td> <td>father-in-law</td> <td>*lamparra </td></tr> <tr> <td>30</td> <td>car</td> <td>*langa </td></tr> <tr> <td>31</td> <td>bony</td> <td>*larrkaja </td></tr> <tr> <td>32</td> <td>plant sp.</td> <td>*lawa </td></tr> <tr> <td>33</td> <td>eagle</td> <td>*lirraku </td></tr> <tr> <td>34</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Blue-tongue_lizard" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue-tongue lizard">blue-tongue lizard</a></td> <td>*lungkura </td></tr> <tr> <td>35</td> <td>to return</td> <td>*lurrpu </td></tr> <tr> <td>36</td> <td>to wave</td> <td>*mamaj </td></tr> <tr> <td>37</td> <td>ear</td> <td>*manka </td></tr> <tr> <td>38</td> <td>plant sp.</td> <td>*manyanyi </td></tr> <tr> <td>39</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gutta_percha" class="mw-redirect" title="Gutta percha">gutta percha</a> tree</td> <td>*manyingila </td></tr> <tr> <td>40</td> <td>butterfly</td> <td>*marli-marli </td></tr> <tr> <td>41</td> <td>old man</td> <td>*marluka </td></tr> <tr> <td>42</td> <td>all right, later</td> <td>*marntaj </td></tr> <tr> <td>43</td> <td>human status term</td> <td>*marntak </td></tr> <tr> <td>44</td> <td>circumcision ritual</td> <td>*marntiwa </td></tr> <tr> <td>45</td> <td>upper leg, thigh, root</td> <td>*mira </td></tr> <tr> <td>46</td> <td>owl</td> <td>*mukmuk </td></tr> <tr> <td>47</td> <td>to be dark</td> <td>*mu(wu)m </td></tr> <tr> <td>48</td> <td>scorpion</td> <td>*muntarla </td></tr> <tr> <td>49</td> <td>string</td> <td>*munungku </td></tr> <tr> <td>50</td> <td>upper arm</td> <td>*murlku </td></tr> <tr> <td>51</td> <td>three</td> <td>*murrkun </td></tr> <tr> <td>52</td> <td>to name</td> <td>*nij </td></tr> <tr> <td>53</td> <td>hand</td> <td>*nungkuru </td></tr> <tr> <td>54</td> <td>female <a href="/wiki/Antilopine_wallaroo" class="mw-redirect" title="Antilopine wallaroo">antilopine wallaroo</a></td> <td>*ngalijirri </td></tr> <tr> <td>55</td> <td>to lick</td> <td>*ngalyak </td></tr> <tr> <td>56</td> <td>to sing</td> <td>*nganya </td></tr> <tr> <td>57</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bauhinia" title="Bauhinia">bauhinia</a></td> <td>*ngapilipili </td></tr> <tr> <td>58</td> <td>father's mother</td> <td>*ngapuju </td></tr> <tr> <td>59</td> <td>breast</td> <td>*ngapulu </td></tr> <tr> <td>60</td> <td>to be hot</td> <td>*ngartap </td></tr> <tr> <td>61</td> <td>bird sp.</td> <td>*nyurijman </td></tr> <tr> <td>62</td> <td>to dream</td> <td>*pank(iy)aja </td></tr> <tr> <td>63</td> <td>older brother</td> <td>*papa </td></tr> <tr> <td>64</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nightjar" title="Nightjar">nightjar</a></td> <td>*parnangka </td></tr> <tr> <td>65</td> <td>young woman</td> <td>*parnmarra </td></tr> <tr> <td>66</td> <td>women's dance</td> <td>*pa(r)ntimi </td></tr> <tr> <td>67</td> <td>moon</td> <td>*partangarra </td></tr> <tr> <td>68</td> <td>baby</td> <td>*partarta </td></tr> <tr> <td>69</td> <td>hot weather</td> <td>*parung(ku) </td></tr> <tr> <td>70</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cicatrice" class="mw-redirect" title="Cicatrice">cicatrice</a></td> <td>*pa(r)turu </td></tr> <tr> <td>71</td> <td>scraper</td> <td>*pin(y)mala </td></tr> <tr> <td>72</td> <td>father</td> <td>*pipi </td></tr> <tr> <td>73</td> <td>snake (generic)</td> <td>*pulany </td></tr> <tr> <td>74</td> <td>to bathe</td> <td>*pulukaj(a) </td></tr> <tr> <td>75</td> <td>ashes</td> <td>*puna </td></tr> <tr> <td>76</td> <td>full</td> <td>*punturr/tu </td></tr> <tr> <td>77</td> <td>to finish</td> <td>*purrp </td></tr> <tr> <td>78</td> <td>dreaming</td> <td>*puwarraja </td></tr> <tr> <td>79</td> <td>deep (hole)</td> <td>*tarlukurra </td></tr> <tr> <td>80</td> <td>flame, light</td> <td>*tili/u </td></tr> <tr> <td>81</td> <td>to be tied up</td> <td>*tirrk </td></tr> <tr> <td>82</td> <td>feather</td> <td>*tiya-tiya </td></tr> <tr> <td>83</td> <td>to poke</td> <td>*turrp </td></tr> <tr> <td>84</td> <td>to open</td> <td>*walk </td></tr> <tr> <td>85</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Woomera_(spear-thrower)" title="Woomera (spear-thrower)">woomera</a></td> <td>*wa(r)lmayi </td></tr> <tr> <td>86</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Black-headed_python" title="Black-headed python">black-headed python</a></td> <td>*warlujapi </td></tr> <tr> <td>87</td> <td>strange(r)</td> <td>*warnayaki </td></tr> <tr> <td>88</td> <td>grass (generic)</td> <td>*warnta </td></tr> <tr> <td>89</td> <td>to scratch</td> <td>*warr </td></tr> <tr> <td>90</td> <td>number seven <a href="/wiki/Boomerang" title="Boomerang">boomerang</a></td> <td>*warratirla </td></tr> <tr> <td>91</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Freshwater_crocodile" title="Freshwater crocodile">freshwater crocodile</a></td> <td>*warrija </td></tr> <tr> <td>92</td> <td>to be together</td> <td>*warrp </td></tr> <tr> <td>93</td> <td>parrot sp.</td> <td>*wilikpan </td></tr> <tr> <td>94</td> <td>new</td> <td>*yalang </td></tr> <tr> <td>95</td> <td>initiated youth</td> <td>*yapa </td></tr> <tr> <td>96</td> <td>magic song</td> <td>*yarrinti </td></tr> <tr> <td>97</td> <td>young man</td> <td>*yarrulan </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mirndi_languages&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mirndi_languages&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-schultz_berndt_2000_8-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-schultz_berndt_2000_8_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-schultz_berndt_2000_8_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-schultz_berndt_2000_8_1-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFSchultze-Berndt2000">Schultze-Berndt 2000</a>, p. 8 </li> <li id="cite_note-mcconvell_2009-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mcconvell_2009_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mcconvell_2009_2-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMcConvell2009" class="citation cs2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrick_McConvell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patrick McConvell (page does not exist)">McConvell, Patrick</a> (2009), "'Where the spear sticks up' – The variety of locatives in placenames in the Victoria River District, Northern Territory", in <a href="/wiki/Harold_Koch" class="mw-redirect" title="Harold Koch">Koch, Harold</a>; <a href="/wiki/Luise_Hercus" title="Luise Hercus">Hercus, Luise</a> (eds.), Aboriginal Placenames: Naming and re-naming the Australian landscape, <a href="/wiki/Australian_National_University" title="Australian National University">ANU E-Press</a>, pp. 359–402, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN 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Pensalfini (page does not exist)">Pensalfini, Robert J.</a> (1997), Jingulu Grammar, Dictionary, and Texts, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>: <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a>, p. 19</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jingulu+Grammar%2C+Dictionary%2C+and+Texts&rft.place=Massachusetts%2C+United+States&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=Massachusetts+Institute+of+Technology&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Pensalfini&rft.aufirst=Robert+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMirndi+languages" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCapell1940" class="citation journal cs1">Capell, Arthur (1940). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/reference/id/4167">"The Classification of Languages in North and North-West Australia"</a>. Oceania. X (4): 241–272, 404–433. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fj.1834-4461.1940.tb00292.x">10.1002/j.1834-4461.1940.tb00292.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oceania&rft.atitle=The+Classification+of+Languages+in+North+and+North-West+Australia&rft.volume=X&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=241-272%2C+404-433&rft.date=1940&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fj.1834-4461.1940.tb00292.x&rft.aulast=Capell&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglottolog.org%2Fresource%2Freference%2Fid%2F4167&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMirndi+languages" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> 12. Chadwick, Neil (1997) "The Barkly and Jaminjungan Languages: A Non-Contiguous Genetic Grouping In North Australia" in Tryon, Darrell, Walsh, Michael, eds. Boundary Rider: Essays in honour of Geoffrey O'Grady. Pacific Linguistics, C-136 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General">General</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mirndi_languages&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: General" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 40px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="40" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wiktionary" title="Wiktionary">Wiktionary</a> has a list of reconstructed forms at <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Proto-Mirndi_reconstructions" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Appendix:Proto-Mirndi reconstructions">Appendix:Proto-Mirndi reconstructions</a></div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchultze-Berndt2000" class="citation cs2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eva_F._Schultze-Berndt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eva F. Schultze-Berndt (page does not exist)">Schultze-Berndt, Eva F.</a> (2000), Simple and Complex Verbs in Jaminjung – A Study of event categorisation in an Australian language</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Simple+and+Complex+Verbs+in+Jaminjung+%E2%80%93+A+Study+of+event+categorisation+in+an+Australian+language&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Schultze-Berndt&rft.aufirst=Eva+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMirndi+languages" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Mirndi_languages&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 1 February 2024, at 21:49 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindi-Sprachen" title="Mindi-Sprachen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mindi-Sprachen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenguas_mirndi" title="Lenguas mirndi – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lenguas mirndi" 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data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengas_mirndi" title="Lengas mirndi – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Lengas mirndi" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyki_mindyjskie" title="Języki mindyjskie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Języki mindyjskie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Миндийские языки – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Миндийские языки" 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