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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log masuk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Laman untuk penyunting log keluar <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengenalan" aria-label="Ketahui lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>Ketahui lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumbangan_saya" title="Senarai suntingan yang dibuat daripada alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Sumbangan</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perbincangan_saya" title="Perbincangan mengenai penyuntingan daripada alamat IP anda [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tapak"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Kandungan" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Kandungan</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Permulaan</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Rujukan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rujukan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Rujukan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rujukan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Kandungan" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Togol isi kandungan" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Togol isi kandungan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kempen Burma</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke rencana dalam bahasa lain. Tersedia dalam 28 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">28 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7" title="حملة بورما – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حملة بورما" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campa%C3%B1a_de_Birmania" title="Campaña de Birmania – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Campaña de Birmania" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%87_%DA%A9%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C" title="برمه کمپینی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="برمه کمپینی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kampanye_Burma" title="Kampanye Burma – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kampanye Burma" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="বার্মা অভিযান – Benggali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বার্মা অভিযান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Benggali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Бирманска кампания – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бирманска кампания" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campanya_de_Birm%C3%A0nia" title="Campanya de Birmània – Catalonia" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Campanya de Birmània" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burmafeldzug" title="Burmafeldzug – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Burmafeldzug" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burma_campaign" title="Burma campaign – Inggeris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Burma campaign" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggeris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campa%C3%B1a_de_Birmania" title="Campaña de Birmania – Sepanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Campaña de Birmania" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sepanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birma_Kampanjo" title="Birma Kampanjo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Birma Kampanjo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%87" title="نبرد برمه – Parsi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نبرد برمه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Parsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campagne_de_Birmanie" title="Campagne de Birmanie – Perancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Campagne de Birmanie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Perancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%84%EB%A7%88_%EC%A0%84%EC%97%AD" title="버마 전역 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="버마 전역" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="बर्मा अभियान – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बर्मा अभियान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campagna_della_Birmania" title="Campagna della Birmania – Itali" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Campagna della Birmania" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Itali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%94_%D7%A2%D7%9C_%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%94" title="המערכה על בורמה – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המערכה על בורמה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burmai_hadj%C3%A1rat" title="Burmai hadjárat – Hungary" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Burmai hadjárat" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungary" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%93%E3%83%AB%E3%83%9E%E3%81%AE%E6%88%A6%E3%81%84" title="ビルマの戦い – Jepun" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ビルマの戦い" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felttoget_i_Burma" title="Felttoget i Burma – Bokmal Norway" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Felttoget i Burma" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmal Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campanha_da_Birm%C3%A2nia" title="Campanha da Birmânia – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Campanha da Birmânia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Бирманская кампания – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бирманская кампания" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burmanska_kampanja" title="Burmanska kampanja – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Burmanska kampanja" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%82_%D1%83_%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8_(1942%E2%80%941945)" title="Рат у Бурми (1942—1945) – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Рат у Бурми (1942—1945)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burman_sotaretki" title="Burman sotaretki – Finland" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Burman sotaretki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%E1%BA%B7t_tr%E1%BA%ADn_Mi%E1%BA%BFn_%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n" title="Mặt trận Miến Điện – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mặt trận Miến Điện" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Бірманська кампанія – Ukraine" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бірманська кампанія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraine" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B7%AC%E7%94%B8%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="緬甸戰役 – Cina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="緬甸戰役" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Cina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q221519#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pautan antara bahasa" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pautan</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kempen_Burma" title="Lihat laman kandungan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Rencana</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perbincangan:Kempen_Burma&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Perbincangan mengenai laman kandungan (laman tidak wujud) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tukar kelainan bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Melayu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Rupa"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kempen_Burma"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kempen_Burma&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kempen_Burma&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kempen_Burma&action=history" title="Semakan terdahulu bagi laman ini [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > 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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Peralatan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Lagi pilihan" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kempen_Burma"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kempen_Burma&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kempen_Burma&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kempen_Burma&action=history"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Pautan_ke_sini/Kempen_Burma" title="Senarai semua laman wiki yang mengandungi pautan ke laman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pautan ke laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_berkaitan/Kempen_Burma" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terkini bagi laman yang dipaut dari laman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan berkaitan</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ms" title="Muat naik fail [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Muat naik fail</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Laman_khas" title="Senarai semua laman khas [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Laman khas</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kempen_Burma&oldid=5323373" title="Pautan kekal ke semakan laman ini"><span>Pautan kekal</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kempen_Burma&action=info" title="Maklumat lanjut mengenai laman ini"><span>Maklumat laman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Petik_laman_ini&page=Kempen_Burma&id=5323373&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Maklumat tentang cara memetik laman ini"><span>Petik laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKempen_Burma"><span>Dapatkan URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKempen_Burma"><span>Muat turun kod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/eksport </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Kempen+Burma"><span>Cipta buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:DownloadAsPdf&page=Kempen_Burma&action=show-download-screen"><span>Muat turun sebagai PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kempen_Burma&printable=yes" title="Versi boleh cetak bagi laman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi boleh cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam projek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Burma_Campaign" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q221519" title="Pautan ke item repositori data yang bersambung [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Penampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Daripada Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ms" dir="ltr"><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kempen_Perang_Dunia_II" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5375175">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Campaignbox_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Templat:Campaignbox World War II"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini" style=";background-color:#C3D6EF;;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bincang"><a href="/wiki/Perbincangan_templat:Campaignbox_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Perbincangan templat:Campaignbox World War II"><abbr title="Bincang templat ini" style=";background-color:#C3D6EF;;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Campaignbox_World_War_II&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini" style=";background-color:#C3D6EF;;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kempen_Perang_Dunia_II" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em">Kempen <a href="/wiki/Perang_Dunia_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Perang Dunia II"><span class="wrap">Perang Dunia II</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Perang_Dunia_II_Kancah_Eropah" title="Perang Dunia II Kancah Eropah">Eropah</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pencerobohan_Poland" title="Pencerobohan Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perang_Olok-Olok" title="Perang Olok-Olok">Perang Olok-Olok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perang_Musim_Sejuk" title="Perang Musim Sejuk">Perang Musim Sejuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operasi_Weser%C3%BCbung" title="Operasi Weserübung">Denmark dan Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pertempuran_Perancis" title="Pertempuran Perancis">Perancis dan Benelux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pertempuran_Britain" title="Pertempuran Britain">Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kempen_Balkan" title="Kempen Balkan">Rantau Balkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medan_Timur_(Perang_Dunia_Kedua)" title="Medan Timur (Perang Dunia Kedua)">Barisan Timur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perang_Sambungan" title="Perang Sambungan">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penyerbuan_Bersekutu_ke_atas_Sicily" title="Penyerbuan Bersekutu ke atas Sicily">Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pertempuran_Itali_(Perang_Dunia_Kedua)" title="Pertempuran Itali (Perang Dunia Kedua)">Itali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perang_Lapland" title="Perang Lapland">Lapland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medan_Barat_(Perang_Dunia_II)#1944-1945:_Barisan_Kedua" title="Medan Barat (Perang Dunia II)">Barisan Barat (1944–1945)</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Perang_Pasifik" title="Perang Pasifik">Asia-Pasifik</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perang_China-Jepun_Kedua" title="Perang China-Jepun Kedua">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kancah_Lautan_Pasifik_Perang_Dunia_II" title="Kancah Lautan Pasifik Perang Dunia II">Lautan Pasifik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perang_Perancis-Thai" title="Perang Perancis-Thai">Perang Perancis-Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kancah_Asia_Tenggara_(Perang_Dunia_Kedua)" title="Kancah Asia Tenggara (Perang Dunia Kedua)">Asia Tenggara</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Burma dan India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kancah_Pasifik_Barat_Daya_(Perang_Dunia_II)" title="Kancah Pasifik Barat Daya (Perang Dunia II)">Pasifik Barat Daya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kempen_Jepun" title="Kempen Jepun">Jepun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perang_Soviet%E2%80%93Jepun" title="Perang Soviet–Jepun">Manchuria dan Utara Korea</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Perang_Dunia_II_Kancah_Mediterranean_dan_Timur_Tengah" title="Perang Dunia II Kancah Mediterranean dan Timur Tengah">Mediterranean dan Timur Tengah</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kempen_Afrika_Utara" title="Kempen Afrika Utara">Afrika Utara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kempen_Afrika_Timur_(Perang_Dunia_II)" title="Kempen Afrika Timur (Perang Dunia II)">Afrika Timur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pertempuran_Mediterranean" title="Pertempuran Mediterranean">Laut Mediterranean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kempen_Adriatik_Perang_Dunia_II" title="Kempen Adriatik Perang Dunia II">Adriatik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pengepungan_Malta_(Perang_Dunia_II)" title="Pengepungan Malta (Perang Dunia II)">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perang_Dunia_II_di_Yugoslavia" title="Perang Dunia II di Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perang_Inggeris-Iraq" title="Perang Inggeris-Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kempen_Syria%E2%80%93Lubnan" title="Kempen Syria–Lubnan">Syria–Lubnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pencerobohan_Inggeris-Soviet_ke_atas_Iran" title="Pencerobohan Inggeris-Soviet ke atas Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pertempuran_Itali_(Perang_Dunia_Kedua)" title="Pertempuran Itali (Perang Dunia Kedua)">Itali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kempen_Dodekanisa" title="Kempen Dodekanisa">Dodekanisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operasi_Dragoon" title="Operasi Dragoon">Selatan Perancis</a></li></ul> <p><b>Kempen lain</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pertempuran_Atlantik" title="Pertempuran Atlantik">Atlantik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operasi_tentera_laut_Artik_Perang_Dunia_II" title="Operasi tentera laut Artik Perang Dunia II">Artik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pengeboman_strategik_semasa_Perang_Dunia_II" title="Pengeboman strategik semasa Perang Dunia II">Pengeboman strategik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kancah_Amerika_(Perang_Dunia_II)" title="Kancah Amerika (Perang Dunia II)">Benua Amerika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrika_Barat_Perancis_dalam_Perang_Dunia_II" title="Afrika Barat Perancis dalam Perang Dunia II">Afrika Barat Perancis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lautan_Hindi_dalam_Perang_Dunia_II" title="Lautan Hindi dalam Perang Dunia II">Lautan Hindi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pertempuran_Madagaskar" title="Pertempuran Madagaskar">Madagaskar</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><b>Rampasan kuasa</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rampasan_kuasa_Yugoslavia" title="Rampasan kuasa Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rampasan_kuasa_Iraq_1941" title="Rampasan kuasa Iraq 1941">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kejatuhan_rejim_Fasis_di_Itali" title="Kejatuhan rejim Fasis di Itali">Itali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rampasan_kuasa_Romania_1944" title="Rampasan kuasa Romania 1944">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rampasan_kuasa_Bulgaria_1944" title="Rampasan kuasa Bulgaria 1944">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operasi_Panzerfaust" title="Operasi Panzerfaust">Hungary</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><b>Kempen Burma</b> dalam <a href="/wiki/Kancah_Asia_Tenggara_(Perang_Dunia_Kedua)" title="Kancah Asia Tenggara (Perang Dunia Kedua)">Kancah Asia Tenggara</a> <a href="/wiki/Perang_Dunia_Kedua" title="Perang Dunia Kedua">Perang Dunia Kedua</a> diperjuangkan utamanya oleh tentera <a href="/wiki/Negara-Negara_Komanwel" title="Negara-Negara Komanwel">Komanwel British</a> termasuk tentera <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> China dan unit-unit tentera <a href="/wiki/Amerika_Syarikat" title="Amerika Syarikat">Amerika Syarikat</a> menentang angkatan bersenjata <a href="/wiki/Empayar_Jepun" title="Empayar Jepun">Empayar Jepun</a>, Siam dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tentera_Nasional_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tentera Nasional India (laman tidak wujud)">Tentera Nasional India</a>. Tentera darat Komanwel British datang dari <a href="/wiki/Raj_British" title="Raj British">India British</a> dan juga terdiri daripada lebih kurang 100,000 orang tentera kolonial Afrika.<sup id="cite_ref-aljazeera.com_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aljazeera.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tentera_Kemerdekaan_Burma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tentera Kemerdekaan Burma (laman tidak wujud)">Tentera Kemerdekaan Burma</a> dilatih Jepun dan mengepalai serangan awal terhadap angkatan British. </p><p>Kempen <a href="/wiki/Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma">Burma</a> memiliki beberapa ciri istimewa. Ciri geografi wilayah ini menyebabkan faktor-faktor seperti cuaca, penyakit dan rupa bumi mendatangkan kesan terhadap operasi. Ketiadaan infrastruktur pengangkutan menyebabkan penekanan terpaksa diberi kepada terhadap kejuruteraan ketenteraan dan pengangkutan udara untuk pergerakan anggota dan bekalan mereka, dan untuk mengeluarkan para anggota yang tercedera. Kempen ini juga kompleks dari segi politik, dengan pihak British bersama-sama AS dan China masing-masing mempunyai keutamaan strategi yang berlainan. </p><p>Kempen ini juga merupakan satu-satunya kempen darat yang berlanjutan tanpa putus yang dikendalikan pihak <a href="/wiki/Pihak_Berikat" title="Pihak Berikat">Bersekutu</a> dari mula perang sehinggalah ke akhirnya. Hakikat ini disebabkan lokasinya. Oleh sebab kancah ini menyambungkan <a href="/wiki/Asia_Tenggara" title="Asia Tenggara">Asia Tenggara</a> dengan <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, wilayahnya merangkumi sebahagian wilayah yang jatuh dari tangan British pada titik permulaan perang, tetapi juga merangkumi wilayah-wilayah di India di mana kemaraan Jepun akhirnya dapat dikekang. </p><p>Cuaca wilayah terbabit dikuasai hujan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tengkujuh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tengkujuh (laman tidak wujud)">tengkujuh</a> bermusim, yang mengakibatkan pembatasan kempen pada tempoh sedikit daripada setengah setiap tahun. Faktor ini, bersama-sama faktor-faktor lain seperti kebuluruan dan keadaan kelam-kabut di India British dan keutamaan yang diberikan kepada usaha untuk mengalahkan <a href="/wiki/Jerman_Nazi" title="Jerman Nazi">Jerman Nazi</a>, mengakibatkan kempen ini berpanjangan dan membahagikannya kepada empat fasa: serangan Jepun yang membawa kepada penyingkiran angkatan British, India dan China dalam tahun 1942; percubaan pihak Bersekutu untuk melancarkan serangan ke dalam Burma pada lewat tahun 1942 hingga ke awal tahun 1944; serang Jepun terhadap India dalam tahun 1944 yang berakhiran dengan kekalahan Jepun berikutan pertempuran=pertempuran di Imphal dan Kohima; dan, akhir sekali, serangan Bersekutu yang berjaya menakluki semula Burma yang dilaksanakan dari lewat tahun 1944 sehingga pertengahan tahun 1945. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rujukan">Rujukan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kempen_Burma&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bahagian: Rujukan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kempen_Burma&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Rujukan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6173370">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5110723">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120513080846/http://www.veterans.gc.ca/eng/history/secondwar/fact_sheets/burma-campaign">"salinan arkib"</a>. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.veterans.gc.ca/eng/history/secondwar/fact_sheets/burma-campaign">yang asal</a> pada 2012-05-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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