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id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Permulaan</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Penamaan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penamaan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Penamaan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penamaan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sejarah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Sejarah </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kerajaan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kerajaan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Kerajaan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kerajaan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pembahagian_pentadbiran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pembahagian_pentadbiran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Pembahagian pentadbiran </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pembahagian_pentadbiran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Geografi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekonomi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekonomi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Ekonomi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ekonomi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Budaya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Budaya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Budaya </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Budaya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nota" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nota"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Nota </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nota-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rujukan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rujukan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Rujukan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rujukan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pautan_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pautan_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Pautan luar </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pautan_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Kandungan" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Isi Kandungan" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Togol isi kandungan" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Togol isi kandungan </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">India</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke rencana dalam bahasa lain. Tersedia dalam 302 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-302" aria-hidden="true" > 302 bahasa </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Aceh" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Aceh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Индие – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Индие" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгабзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8D" title="Индиэ – Kabardia" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Индиэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгэбзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indi%C3%AB" title="Indië – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Indië" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indien" title="Indien – Jerman Switzerland" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Indien" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Switzerland" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%85%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B5" title="ህንድ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ህንድ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4" title="भारत – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="भारत" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indea" title="Indea – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Indea" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0" title="Индиа – Abkhazia" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Индиа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF" title="الهند – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الهند" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%97%DC%A2%DC%95%DC%98" title="ܗܢܕܘ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܗܢܕܘ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Հնդկաստան – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Հնդկաստան" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enda" title="Enda – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Enda" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A4" title="ভাৰত – Assam" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ভাৰত" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assam" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inda" title="Inda – Atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Inda" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="Atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target">Atikamekw</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4" title="भारत – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="भारत" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dndia" title="Índia – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Índia" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Индия – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Индия" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indya" title="Indya – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Indya" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindistan" title="Hindistan – Azerbaijan" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hindistan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="هیندیستان – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هیندیستان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Bali" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Bali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4" title="ভারত – Benggali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভারত" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Benggali" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindia" title="Hindia – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Hindia" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Banjar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Cn-t%C5%8D%CD%98" title="Ìn-tō͘ – Cina Min Nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ìn-tō͘" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Cina Min Nan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Banyumasan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Һиндостан – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Һиндостан" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Індыя – Belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Індыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Індыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Індыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%E1%B8%8Dia" title="Inḍia – Madura" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Inḍia" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madura" class="interlanguage-link-target">Madhurâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4" title="भारत – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="भारत" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indya" title="Indya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Indya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indien" title="Indien – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Indien" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B1%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D" title="རྒྱ་གར། – Tibet" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="རྒྱ་གར།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibet" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indija" title="Indija – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Indija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%95%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%8A%E1%A8%89%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%95" title="ᨕᨗᨊᨉᨗᨕ – Bugis" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨕᨗᨊᨉᨗᨕ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="Bugis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Ugi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Индия – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Индия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%B3" title="Энэдхэг – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Энэдхэг" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dndia" title="Índia – Catalonia" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Índia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalonia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indya" title="Indya – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Indya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Инди – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Инди" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indie" title="Indie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Indie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="Chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chamoru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chi-Chewa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiTumbuka</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Corsica" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsica" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Wales" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wales" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indien" title="Indien – Denmark" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Indien" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Denmark" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF" title="لهند – Arab Maghribi" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لهند" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Arab Maghribi" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Sami Utara" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Sami Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deitsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indien" title="Indien – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Indien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%87%DE%A8%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%91%DE%A8%DE%94%DE%A7" title="އިންޑިޔާ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އިންޑިޔާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B3_W%C3%B3naan%C3%ADd%C4%99%CC%81%C4%99%CC%81%CA%BC_Bits%C4%AF%CA%BC_Yisht%C5%82izhii_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Tó Wónaanídę́ę́ʼ Bitsįʼ Yishtłizhii Bikéyah – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Tó Wónaanídę́ę́ʼ Bitsįʼ Yishtłizhii Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiska" title="Indiska – Sorbian Rendah" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Indiska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Sorbian Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4" title="भारत – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="भारत" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B1%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A2" title="རྒྱ་གར – Dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="རྒྱ་གར" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="Dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target">ཇོང་ཁ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ινδία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ινδία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Inggeris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggeris" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Индия Мастор – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Индия Мастор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana baik"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Sepanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sepanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barato" title="Barato – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Barato" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_%C3%8Dndia" title="La Índia – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="La Índia" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eʋegbe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF" title="هند – Parsi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هند" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Parsi" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Faroe" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inde" title="Inde – Perancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Inde" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Perancis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yndia" title="Yndia – Frisian Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Yndia" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisian Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinndi" title="Hinndi – Fulah" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Hinndi" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fulah" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fulfulde</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indie" title="Indie – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Indie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_India" title="An India – Ireland" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An India" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Ireland" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Injey" title="Yn Injey – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Injey" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igitia" title="Igitia – Samoa" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Igitia" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ndiya" title="İndiya – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="İndiya" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na_h-Innseachan" title="Na h-Innseachan – Scots Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Na h-Innseachan" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scots Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Galicia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D3%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5" title="ХӀиндиче – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="ХӀиндиче" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target">ГӀалгӀай</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度 – Cina Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="印度" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Cina Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Kikuya" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gĩkũyũ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF" title="هند – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="هند" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">گیلکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AD%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%A4" title="ભારત – Gujarat" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ભારત" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarat" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌰 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4" title="भारत – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="भारत" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yin-thu" title="Yin-thu – Cina Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Yin-thu" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Cina Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Индия – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Индия" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Хальмг</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EB%8F%84" title="인도 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="인도" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiya" title="Indiya – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Indiya" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BB%C4%AAnia" title="ʻĪnia – Hawaii" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻĪnia" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaii" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Հնդկաստան – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հնդկաստան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4" title="भारत – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="भारत" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiska" title="Indiska – Sorbian Atas" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Indiska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Sorbian Atas" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indija" title="Indija – Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Indija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndia" title="Ndia – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ndia" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4" title="ভারত – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="ভারত" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%83%E1%93%90%E1%91%8E%E1%90%8A" title="ᐃᓐᑎᐊ – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐃᓐᑎᐊ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initiaq" title="Initiaq – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Initiaq" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target">Iñupiatun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Инди – Ossete" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Инди" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossete" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IIndia" title="IIndia – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IIndia" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indland" title="Indland – Iceland" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Indland" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Iceland" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Itali" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Itali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%95" title="הודו – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הודו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indhi" title="Indhi – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Indhi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%90nd%C9%A9" title="Ɛndɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ɛndɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A4" title="ಭಾರತ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಭಾರತ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Индия – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Индия" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Къарачай-малкъар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="ინდოეთი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ინდოეთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D9%90%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ہِندوستان – Kashmir" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="ہِندوستان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmir" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indie" title="Indie – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Indie" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kaszëbsczi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Үндістан – Kazakhstan" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Үндістан" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakhstan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eynda" title="Eynda – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Eynda" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuhinde" title="Ubuhinde – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Ubuhinde" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Индия – Kirghiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Индия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirghiz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuhindi" title="Ubuhindi – Rundi" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Ubuhindi" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="Rundi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikirundi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uhindi" title="Uhindi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uhindi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Индия – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Индия" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barata" title="Barata – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Barata" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kotava</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/End" title="End – Kreol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="End" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kreol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/End" title="End – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="End" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindistan" title="Hindistan – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Hindistan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%8C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Гьиндусттан – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Гьиндусттан" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лакку</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%8D" title="ປະເທດອິນເດຍ – Laos" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດອິນເດຍ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Laos" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C5%86deja" title="Iņdeja – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Iņdeja" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latgaļu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indija" title="Indija – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Indija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBInitia" title="ʻInitia – Tonga" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="ʻInitia" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tonga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lea faka-Tonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indien" title="Indien – Luxembourg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Indien" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Индия – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Индия" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indija" title="Indija – Lithuania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Indija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Liguria" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Liguria" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barat" title="Barat – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Barat" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indii" title="Indii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Indii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/xingu%27e" title="xingu'e – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="xingu'e" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Hungary" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungary" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4" title="भारत – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="भारत" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Индија – Macedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Индија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF" title="ഇന്ത്യ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇന്ത്യ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indja" title="Indja – Malta" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Indja" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Malta" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%AAnia" title="Īnia – Maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Īnia" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4" title="भारत – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="भारत" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="ინდოეთი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ინდოეთი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF" title="الهند – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الهند" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF" title="هند – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="هند" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A5" title="ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89ng-d%C3%B4" title="Éng-dô – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Éng-dô" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dndia" title="Índia – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Índia" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Индия – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Индия" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%B3" title="Энэтхэг – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Энэтхэг" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AD%E1%80%94%E1%80%B9%E1%80%92%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9A%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="အိန္ဒိယနိုင်ငံ – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အိန္ဒိယနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idia" title="Idia – Fiji" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Idia" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target">Na Vosa Vakaviti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Saxon Rendah" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Saxon Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4" title="भारत – Nepal" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="भारत" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepal" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4" title="भारत – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="भारत" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89" title="インド – Jepun" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="インド" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepun" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innia" title="Innia – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Innia" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D3%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%87%D0%BE%D1%8C" title="ХӀиндойчоь – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="ХӀиндойчоь" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indien" title="Indien – Frisian Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Indien" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisian Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Bokmal Norway" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmal Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Nynorsk Norway" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ende" title="Înde – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Înde" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dndia" title="Índia – Occitania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Índia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Индий – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Индий" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AD%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%A4" title="ଭାରତ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଭାରତ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiyaa" title="Indiyaa – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Indiyaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindiston" title="Hindiston – Uzbekistan" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Hindiston" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbekistan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4" title="ਭਾਰਤ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਭਾਰਤ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4" title="भारत – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="भारत" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangcah</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="بھارت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بھارت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%B1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9A%E1%80%81%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%91%E1%80%AE" title="အေင်ဒိယခမ်းထီ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="အေင်ဒိယခမ်းထီ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target">ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF" title="هند – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="هند" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A5%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8C%E1%9E%B6" title="ឥណ្ឌា – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ឥណ្ឌា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%A2%E1%80%AD%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%82%83%E1%80%B8" title="မိူင်းဢိၼ်းတီးယႃး – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းဢိၼ်းတီးယႃး" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">တႆး</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inde" title="Inde – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Inde" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indien" title="Indien – Jerman Rendah" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Indien" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indie" title="Indie – Poland" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Indie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poland" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dndia" title="Índia – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Índia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindstan" title="Hindstan – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Hindstan" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ndistan" title="İndistan – Turki Krimea" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="İndistan" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Turki Krimea" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%80%99In%C4%ABtia" title="’Inītia – Tahiti" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="’Inītia" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="Tahiti" class="interlanguage-link-target">Reo tahiti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharat" title="Bharat – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Bharat" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Romani čhib</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inriya" title="Inriya – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Inriya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Індія – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Індія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Индия – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Индия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%8D" title="Ииндийэ – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Ииндийэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="भारतम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="भारतम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ind%C3%AFi" title="Indïi – Sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Indïi" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="Sango" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sängö</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A7%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%9B" title="ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="بھارت – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="بھارت" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target">سرائیکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Cndia" title="Ìndia – Sardinia" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Ìndia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indie" title="Indie – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Indie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seediq</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indien" title="Indien – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Indien" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Sotho Selatan" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Sotho Selatan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Sotho Utara" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Sotho Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho sa Leboa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innia" title="Innia – Sicili" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Innia" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="ඉන්දියාව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඉන්දියාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana baik"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%80%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="ڀارت – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڀارت" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/INdiya" title="INdiya – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="INdiya" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target">SiSwati</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indija" title="Indija – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Indija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%87%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%97%EA%99%97" title="Їндїꙗ – Slavik Gereja" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Їндїꙗ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Slavik Gereja" class="interlanguage-link-target">Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indyje" title="Indyje – Silesia" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Indyje" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindiya" title="Hindiya – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Hindiya" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ھیندستان – Kurdi Tengah" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھیندستان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Tengah" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiakondre" title="Indiakondre – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Indiakondre" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sranantongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Индија – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Индија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indija" title="Indija – SerboCroatia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Indija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="SerboCroatia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intia" title="Intia – Finland" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Intia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finland" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indien" title="Indien – Sweden" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Indien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweden" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiya" title="Indiya – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Indiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="இந்தியா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இந்தியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lhend" title="Lhend – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Lhend" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indie" title="Indie – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Indie" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tarandíne</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana baik"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Һиндстан – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Һиндстан" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Atayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Atayal" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tayal</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%82" title="భారతదేశం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="భారతదేశం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dndia" title="Índia – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Índia" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tetun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indi%C9%9Bn" title="Indiɛn – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Indiɛn" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target">Thuɔŋjäŋ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ประเทศอินเดีย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศอินเดีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana baik"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BA%A4n_%C4%90%E1%BB%99" title="Ấn Độ – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ấn Độ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%85%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B2" title="ህንዲ – Tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ህንዲ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="Tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target">ትግርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ҳиндустон – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҳиндустон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A2%E1%8F%82%E1%8F%97%E1%8E%A2%E1%8E%A0" title="ᎢᏂᏗᎢᎠ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎢᏂᏗᎢᎠ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tsetsêhestâhese</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A4" title="ಭಾರತ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಭಾರತ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">ತುಳು</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindistan" title="Hindistan – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hindistan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindistan" title="Hindistan – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Hindistan" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndiya" title="Ndiya – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Ndiya" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tyap</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Индия – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Индия" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Індія – Ukraine" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Індія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraine" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="بھارت – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بھارت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%D9%89%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%89%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ھىندىستان – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ھىندىستان" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yindu" title="Yindu – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Yindu" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Cndia" title="Ìndia – Venetia" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Ìndia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indii" title="Indii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Indii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lind%C3%A4n" title="Lindän – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Lindän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inde" title="Inde – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Inde" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="印度" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indi%C3%AB" title="Indië – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Indië" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/End" title="End – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="End" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度 – Cina Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="印度" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Cina Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiya" title="Indiya – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Indiya" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Xitsonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A2" title="אינדיע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אינדיע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dnd%C3%AD%C3%A0" title="Índíà – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Índíà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度 – Kantonis" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="印度" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonis" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hind%C4%B1stan" title="Hindıstan – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Hindıstan" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ind%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Indėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Indėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度 – Cina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="印度" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Cina" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Obolo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Toba</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Hindi" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Mandailing</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kadazandusun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jaku Iban</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiya" title="Indiya – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Indiya" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-knc mw-list-item"><a href="https://knc.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Central Kanuri" lang="knc" hreflang="knc" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Yerwa Kanuri" data-language-local-name="Central Kanuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yerwa Kanuri</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tdd mw-list-item"><a href="https://tdd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A5%9B%E1%A5%AB%E1%A5%92%E1%A5%B0_%E1%A5%9F%E1%A5%A4%E1%A5%A2%E1%A5%B0_%E1%A5%96%E1%A5%A4%E1%A5%B0_%E1%A5%95%E1%A5%A3%E1%A5%B0" title="ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥟᥤᥢᥰ ᥖᥤᥰ ᥕᥣᥰ – Tai Nuea" lang="tdd" hreflang="tdd" data-title="ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥟᥤᥢᥰ ᥖᥤᥰ ᥕᥣᥰ" data-language-autonym="ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ" data-language-local-name="Tai Nuea" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindyston" title="Hindyston – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Hindyston" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%80%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%8F%E2%B4%B7%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F" title="ⵀⵉⵏⴷⵓⵙⵜⴰⵏ – Tamazight Maghribi Standard" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵀⵉⵏⴷⵓⵙⵜⴰⵏ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Tamazight Maghribi Standard" class="interlanguage-link-target">ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q668#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pautan antara bahasa" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pautan</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/India" title="Lihat laman kandungan [c]" accesskey="c">Rencana</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Perbincangan:India" rel="discussion" title="Perbincangan mengenai laman kandungan [t]" accesskey="t">Perbincangan</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tukar kelainan bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Bahasa Melayu </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Rupa"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/India">Baca</a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=India&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v">Sunting</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=India&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e">Sunting sumber</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=India&action=history" title="Semakan terdahulu bagi laman ini [h]" accesskey="h">Lihat sejarah</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Peralatan" > <label 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Lagi pilihan" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/India">Baca</a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=India&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v">Sunting</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=India&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e">Sunting sumber</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=India&action=history">Lihat sejarah</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Pautan_ke_sini/India" title="Senarai semua laman wiki yang mengandungi pautan ke laman ini [j]" accesskey="j">Pautan ke laman ini</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_berkaitan/India" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terkini bagi laman yang dipaut dari laman ini [k]" accesskey="k">Perubahan berkaitan</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ms" title="Muat naik fail [u]" accesskey="u">Muat naik fail</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=India&oldid=6446151" title="Pautan kekal ke semakan laman ini">Pautan kekal</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=India&action=info" title="Maklumat lanjut mengenai laman ini">Maklumat laman</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Petik_laman_ini&page=India&id=6446151&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Maklumat tentang cara memetik laman ini">Petik laman ini</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIndia">Dapatkan URL pendek</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIndia">Muat turun kod QR</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/eksport </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5657302">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6373584">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-b{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Picto_infobox_map.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Republik India भारत गणराज्य Bhārat Gaṇarājya Republic of India (Inggeris)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;padding:0.5em 0;"><table class="maptable" style="width:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;width:{{{width1}}};text-align:center;"><div><a href="/wiki/Fail:Flag_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bendera India"><img alt="Bendera India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/125px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/188px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/250px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></div><div></div></td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;width:auto;text-align:center;"><div><a href="/wiki/Fail:Emblem_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lambang India"><img alt="Lambang India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/85px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/128px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/170px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="933" /></a></div></td> </tr><tr> <td style="font-size:85%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Bendera_India" title="Bendera India">Bendera</a></td> <td style="font-size:85%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Lambang_India" title="Lambang India"> Lambang</a></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Cogan_kata" title="Cogan kata">Cogan kata</a>: "Satyameva Jayate" (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>) सत्यमेव जयते  (<a href="/wiki/Devanagari" class="mw-redirect" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a>) "Hanya Yang Benar Berjaya"<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem"><a href="/wiki/Lagu_kebangsaan" title="Lagu kebangsaan">Lagu kebangsaan</a>: जन गण मन (Jana Gana Mana) Kamulah pemerintah fikiran rakyat jelata<audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="64" data-mwtitle="Jana_Gana_Mana_instrumental.ogg" 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src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AJana_Gana_Mana_instrumental.ogg&lang=zh-tw&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant-TW" label="中文（臺灣） ‪(zh-tw)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AJana_Gana_Mana_instrumental.ogg&lang=zh&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh" label="中文 ‪(zh)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Lagu_kebangsaan" title="Lagu kebangsaan">Lagu kebangsaan</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> वन्दे मातरम् (Vande Mataram) Ku tunduk terhadapmu, Ibu pertiwi!<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Fail:India_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lokasi India"><img alt="Lokasi India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/India_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/250px-India_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/India_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/375px-India_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/India_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/500px-India_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ibu_negara" title="Ibu negara">Ibu negara</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Bandar terbesar</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" 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ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Assam" title="Bahasa Assam">bahasa Assam</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Benggali" title="Bahasa Benggali">bahasa Benggali</a></li><li>bahasa Boro</li><li>bahasa Dogri</li><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Gujarati" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Gujarati">bahasa Gujarati</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Hindi" title="Bahasa Hindi">bahasa Hindi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Kannada" title="Bahasa Kannada">bahasa Kannada</a></li><li>bahasa Kashmiri</li><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Konkani" title="Bahasa Konkani">bahasa Konkani</a></li><li>bahasa Maithili</li><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Malayalam" title="Bahasa Malayalam">bahasa Malayalam</a></li><li>bahasa Manipur</li><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Marathi" title="Bahasa Marathi">bahasa Marathi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Nepal" title="Bahasa Nepal">bahasa Nepal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Odia" title="Bahasa Odia">bahasa Odia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Punjabi" title="Bahasa Punjabi">bahasa Punjabi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a></li><li>bahasa Santali</li><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Sindhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Sindhi">bahasa Sindhi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Tamil" title="Bahasa Tamil">bahasa Tamil</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Telugu" title="Bahasa Telugu">bahasa Telugu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Urdu" title="Bahasa Urdu">bahasa Urdu</a></li></ul></div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">peringkat negeri<a href="#cite_note-5">[a]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5857753"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Kokborok</li><li>Lepcha</li><li>Mizo</li><li>Sikkim</li><li>semua bahasa berjadual ke-8 (kecuali bahasa Sindhi, bahasa Kashmir dan bahasa Dogri<a href="#cite_note-6">[b]</a>)</li></ul></div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Bahasa asli</th><td class="infobox-data">447 <a href="#cite_note-9">[c]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Kerajaan</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Republik_persekutuan" title="Republik persekutuan">Republik persekutuan</a><a href="#cite_note-CIA-10">[7]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5657302"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Presiden_India" title="Presiden India">Presiden</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Draupadi_Murmu" title="Draupadi Murmu">Draupadi Murmu</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Perdana_Menteri_India" title="Perdana Menteri India">Perdana Menteri</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Badan_perundangan" title="Badan perundangan">Badan perundangan</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Parlimen_India" title="Parlimen India">Parlimen</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Dewan_Pertuanan" class="mw-redirect" title="Dewan Pertuanan">Dewan Pertuanan</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Dewan_Rakyat" class="mw-redirect" title="Dewan Rakyat">Dewan Rakyat</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerakan_kemerdekaan_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerakan kemerdekaan India (laman tidak wujud)">Kemerdekaan</a> <div class="ib-country-sovereignty">dari <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5657302"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Kesatuan_India" title="Kesatuan India">Dominion</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/15_Ogos" title="15 Ogos">15 Ogos</a> <a href="/wiki/1947" title="1947">1947</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Pembentukan <a href="/wiki/Republik" title="Republik">Republik</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/26_Januari" title="26 Januari">26 Januari</a> <a href="/wiki/1950" title="1950">1950</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Geografi_India" title="Geografi India">Keluasan </a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Jumlah</div></th><td class="infobox-data">3,287,263<a href="#cite_note-india.gov.in-11">[8]</a> km2 (1,269,219 bt2)<a href="#cite_note-13">[d]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Senarai_negara_mengikut_keluasan" class="mw-redirect" title="Senarai negara mengikut keluasan">ke-7</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Perairan_wilayah" title="Perairan wilayah">Perairan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Peratusan" title="Peratusan">%</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">9.6</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Populasi</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Perkiraan 2023</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Neutral increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/11px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/17px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/22px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="346" /> 1,428,627,663<a href="#cite_note-14">[10]</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anggaran_penduduk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anggaran penduduk (laman tidak wujud)">pertama</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Bancian Penduduk 2011</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Neutral increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/11px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/17px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/22px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="346" /> 1,210,854,977<a href="#cite_note-15">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[12]</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kedudukan_bancian_penduduk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kedudukan bancian penduduk (laman tidak wujud)">ke-2</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Kepadatan" title="Kepadatan">Kepadatan</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">425.8/km2 (1,102.8/sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/Kepadatan_penduduk" class="mw-redirect" title="Kepadatan penduduk">30th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Keluaran_dalam_negara_kasar" title="Keluaran dalam negara kasar">KDNK</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pariti_kuasa_beli" title="Pariti kuasa beli">PPP</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data">2024</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Jumlah</div></th><td class="infobox-data">▲ <a href="/wiki/USD" class="mw-redirect" title="USD">USD</a>16.020 trilion<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.IN-17">[13]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Senarai_negara_mengikut_KDNK_(PPP)" class="mw-redirect" title="Senarai negara mengikut KDNK (PPP)">ke-3</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Per_kapita" title="Per kapita">Per kapita</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">▲ USD11,112<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.IN-17">[13]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Senarai_negara_mengikut_KDNK_(PPP)_per_kapita" class="mw-redirect" title="Senarai negara mengikut KDNK (PPP) per kapita">122th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Keluaran_dalam_negara_kasar" title="Keluaran dalam negara kasar">KDNK</a> (nominal)</th><td class="infobox-data">2024</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">•  Jumlah</div></th><td class="infobox-data">▲ USD3.94 trilion<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.IN-17">[13]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Senarai_negara_mengikut_KDNK_(ukuran_dasar)" title="Senarai negara mengikut KDNK (ukuran dasar)">ke-5</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Per_kapita" title="Per kapita">Per kapita</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">▲ USD2,698<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.IN-17">[13]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Senarai_negara_mengikut_KDNK_(nominal)_per_kapita" title="Senarai negara mengikut KDNK (nominal) per kapita">ke-141</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Pekali_Gini" title="Pekali Gini">Gini</a> (2019)</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 35.7<a href="#cite_note-18">[14]</a> sederhana</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Indeks_Pembangunan_Manusia" title="Indeks Pembangunan Manusia">HDI</a> (2021)</th><td class="infobox-data">▲ 0.644<a href="#cite_note-UNHDR-19">[15]</a> sederhana · <a href="/wiki/Senarai_negara_mengikut_Indeks_Pembangunan_Manusia" title="Senarai negara mengikut Indeks Pembangunan Manusia">ke-134</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Mata_wang" title="Mata wang">Mata wang</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rupee_India" title="Rupee India">Rupee India</a> (₨) (<code><a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">INR</a></code>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Zon_waktu" title="Zon waktu">Zon waktu</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Waktu_Universal_Selaras" title="Waktu Universal Selaras">UTC</a>+5:30 (<a href="/wiki/Waktu_Piawai_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Waktu Piawai India">IST</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Kod panggilan</th><td class="infobox-data">91</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">Kod ISO 3166</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_3166-2:IN&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 3166-2:IN (laman tidak wujud)">IN</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Domain_peringkat_tinggi_kod_negara" title="Domain peringkat tinggi kod negara">DPT internet</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/.in" title=".in">.in</a><a href="#cite_note-CIA-10">[7]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> India (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Hindi" title="Bahasa Hindi">Hindi</a>: भारत, romanized: Bhārat) atau nama rasminya Republik India (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Hindi" title="Bahasa Hindi">Hindi</a>: भारत गणराज्य, romanized: Bhārat Gaṇarājya)<a href="#cite_note-20">[16]</a> adalah negara yang terletak di <a href="/wiki/Asia_Selatan" title="Asia Selatan">Asia Selatan</a> dan merangkumi kebanyakan <a href="/wiki/Subbenua_India" title="Subbenua India">anak benua India</a> merupakan negara kedua terpadat penduduk dan negara bermasalah, dengan satu bilion penduduk dan lebih seratus bahasa berlainan. Ekonomi India adalah ketiga terbesar di dunia, dari segi <a href="/wiki/Pariti_kuasa_beli" title="Pariti kuasa beli">pariti kuasa beli (purchasing power parity)</a>. India bersempadan dengan <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republik_Rakyat_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republik Rakyat China">Republik Rakyat China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, dengan <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a> diseberang laut <a href="/wiki/Lautan_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Lautan India">Lautan India</a>. Bandar terbesar adalah <a href="/wiki/Bombay" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombay">Bombay</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a>) di barat daya dan <a href="/wiki/Calcutta" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcutta">Calcutta</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a>) di tepi <a href="/wiki/Sungai_Gangga" class="mw-redirect" title="Sungai Gangga">sungai Gangga</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Penamaan">Penamaan</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=India&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bahagian: Penamaan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=India&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Penamaan">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Nama India berasal dari perkataan Sindhu, nama tempatan <a href="/wiki/Sungai_Indus" title="Sungai Indus">sungai Indus</a>. Kitab-kitab <a href="/wiki/Weda" class="mw-redirect" title="Weda">Weda</a> tidak memberikan nama tertentu kepada tanah India. Pelbagai parti politik mempunyai nama tersendiri bagi India sesetengahnya adalah Hindustan, Hindu Rashtra dan Bharath. India juga dikenali sebagai Hindustan (tanah <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a>), tetapi nama ini diketepikan selepas kemerdekaan pada 1947 disebabkan India memilih untuk menjadi negara sekular. <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:India_topo_big.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="frames"><img alt="frames" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/India_topo_big.jpg/310px-India_topo_big.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/India_topo_big.jpg/465px-India_topo_big.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/India_topo_big.jpg/620px-India_topo_big.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3042" data-file-height="2933" /></a><figcaption>frames</figcaption></figure> <table class="infobox borderless"> <caption>Simbol kebangsaan Republik India (Rasmi) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Haiwan kebangsaan </th> <td>Gajah Bandipur </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fail:2005-bandipur-tusker.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/2005-bandipur-tusker.jpg/50px-2005-bandipur-tusker.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/2005-bandipur-tusker.jpg/75px-2005-bandipur-tusker.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/2005-bandipur-tusker.jpg/100px-2005-bandipur-tusker.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1566" data-file-height="1569" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Burung kebangsaan </th> <td>Burung merak </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fail:Pavo_muticus_(Tierpark_Berlin)_-_1017-899-(118).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Pavo_muticus_%28Tierpark_Berlin%29_-_1017-899-%28118%29.jpg/50px-Pavo_muticus_%28Tierpark_Berlin%29_-_1017-899-%28118%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Pavo_muticus_%28Tierpark_Berlin%29_-_1017-899-%28118%29.jpg/75px-Pavo_muticus_%28Tierpark_Berlin%29_-_1017-899-%28118%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Pavo_muticus_%28Tierpark_Berlin%29_-_1017-899-%28118%29.jpg/100px-Pavo_muticus_%28Tierpark_Berlin%29_-_1017-899-%28118%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3464" data-file-height="2598" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Pokok kebangsaan </th> <td>Pokok Banyan </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fail:Banyan_tree_on_the_banks_of_Khadakwasla_Dam.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Banyan_tree_on_the_banks_of_Khadakwasla_Dam.jpg/50px-Banyan_tree_on_the_banks_of_Khadakwasla_Dam.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Banyan_tree_on_the_banks_of_Khadakwasla_Dam.jpg/75px-Banyan_tree_on_the_banks_of_Khadakwasla_Dam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Banyan_tree_on_the_banks_of_Khadakwasla_Dam.jpg/100px-Banyan_tree_on_the_banks_of_Khadakwasla_Dam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Bunga kebangsaan </th> <td>Bunga Teratai Suci </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fail:Sacred_lotus_Nelumbo_nucifera.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Sacred_lotus_Nelumbo_nucifera.jpg/50px-Sacred_lotus_Nelumbo_nucifera.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Sacred_lotus_Nelumbo_nucifera.jpg/75px-Sacred_lotus_Nelumbo_nucifera.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Sacred_lotus_Nelumbo_nucifera.jpg/100px-Sacred_lotus_Nelumbo_nucifera.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2312" data-file-height="2119" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Haiwan warisan negara </th> <td>Harimau </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fail:Panthera_tigris.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Panthera_tigris.jpg/50px-Panthera_tigris.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Panthera_tigris.jpg/75px-Panthera_tigris.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Panthera_tigris.jpg/100px-Panthera_tigris.jpg 2x" data-file-width="533" data-file-height="800" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Mamalia marin akuatik kebangsaan </th> <td>Platanista Hardwicke </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fail:PlatanistaHardwicke.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/PlatanistaHardwicke.jpg/50px-PlatanistaHardwicke.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/PlatanistaHardwicke.jpg/75px-PlatanistaHardwicke.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/PlatanistaHardwicke.jpg/100px-PlatanistaHardwicke.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2817" data-file-height="1843" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Reptilia negara </th> <td>Ular Tudung Selar </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fail:King-Cobra.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/King-Cobra.jpg/50px-King-Cobra.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/King-Cobra.jpg/75px-King-Cobra.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/King-Cobra.jpg/100px-King-Cobra.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="681" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Mamalia warisan negara </th> <td>Langur Hanuman </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fail:Hanuman_Langur.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Hanuman_Langur.jpg/50px-Hanuman_Langur.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Hanuman_Langur.jpg/75px-Hanuman_Langur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Hanuman_Langur.jpg/100px-Hanuman_Langur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="900" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Buah kebangsaan </th> <td>Mangga </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fail:An_Unripe_Mango_Of_Ratnagiri_(India).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/An_Unripe_Mango_Of_Ratnagiri_%28India%29.JPG/50px-An_Unripe_Mango_Of_Ratnagiri_%28India%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="50" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/An_Unripe_Mango_Of_Ratnagiri_%28India%29.JPG/75px-An_Unripe_Mango_Of_Ratnagiri_%28India%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/An_Unripe_Mango_Of_Ratnagiri_%28India%29.JPG/100px-An_Unripe_Mango_Of_Ratnagiri_%28India%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Kuil kebangsaan </th> <td>Kuil New Delhi </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fail:New_Delhi_Temple.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/New_Delhi_Temple.jpg/50px-New_Delhi_Temple.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/New_Delhi_Temple.jpg/75px-New_Delhi_Temple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/New_Delhi_Temple.jpg/100px-New_Delhi_Temple.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Sungai kebangsaan </th> <td>Sungai Ganges </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fail:River_Ganges.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/River_Ganges.JPG/50px-River_Ganges.JPG" decoding="async" width="50" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/River_Ganges.JPG/75px-River_Ganges.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/River_Ganges.JPG/100px-River_Ganges.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Gunung kebangsaan </th> <td>Gunung Nanda Devi </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fail:Nanda_Devi_2006.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Nanda_Devi_2006.JPG/50px-Nanda_Devi_2006.JPG" decoding="async" width="50" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Nanda_Devi_2006.JPG/75px-Nanda_Devi_2006.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Nanda_Devi_2006.JPG/100px-Nanda_Devi_2006.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah">Sejarah</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=India&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bahagian: Sejarah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=India&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Sejarah">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5614044">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Rencana utama: <a href="/wiki/Sejarah_India" title="Sejarah India">Sejarah India</a></div> Perteduhan batu-batu <a href="/wiki/Zaman_Batu" title="Zaman Batu">Zaman Batu</a> yang dihiasi lukisan di <a href="/wiki/Bhimbetka" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhimbetka">Bhimbetka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a> merupakan kesan kewujudan manusia yang terawal diketahui di India. Pendudukan tetap terawal yang dikenali muncul lebih 9,000 tahun dahulu dan lambat launnya berkembang menjadi <a href="/wiki/Tamadun_Lembah_Indus" title="Tamadun Lembah Indus">Tamadun Lembah Indus</a>,<a href="#cite_note-21">[17]</a> sejak 3300 SM di India barat, diikuti oleh <a href="/wiki/Tamadun_Veda" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamadun Veda">Tamadun Veda</a> yang memberi asas kepada penubuhan <a href="/wiki/Agama_Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Agama Hindu">agama Hindu</a> dan aspek-aspek budaya yang lain dalam masyarakat India purba. Sejak sekitar 550 SM, banyak kerajaan dan republik berdaulat yang dikenali sebagai <a href="/wiki/Mahajanapada" title="Mahajanapada">Mahajanapada</a> ditubuhkan di seluruh negara.<a href="#cite_note-22">[18]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Indischer_Maler_des_6._Jahrhunderts_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Indischer_Maler_des_6._Jahrhunderts_001.jpg/220px-Indischer_Maler_des_6._Jahrhunderts_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Indischer_Maler_des_6._Jahrhunderts_001.jpg/330px-Indischer_Maler_des_6._Jahrhunderts_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Indischer_Maler_des_6._Jahrhunderts_001.jpg/440px-Indischer_Maler_des_6._Jahrhunderts_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1651" /></a><figcaption>Lukisan cat dalam <a href="/wiki/Gua_Ajanta" title="Gua Ajanta">Gua Ajanta</a> di Aurangabad, <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a>. abad ke-2 SM<a href="#cite_note-23">[19]</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Empayar" title="Empayar">Empayar</a> yang membina <a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Maurya" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinasti Maurya">Dinasti Maurya</a> di bawah Maharaja <a href="/wiki/Asoka" title="Asoka">Asoka</a> menyatukan kebanyakan kawasan <a href="/wiki/Asia_Selatan" title="Asia Selatan">Asia Selatan</a> pada abad ke-3 SM.<a href="#cite_note-24">[20]</a> Sejak 180 SM, menyusulnya serangan berturut-turut dari <a href="/wiki/Asia_Tengah" title="Asia Tengah">Asia Tengah</a>, dimasuk yang dibawa oleh <a href="/wiki/Orang_Indo-Yunani" title="Orang Indo-Yunani">orang Indo-Yunani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indo-Scythia" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Scythia">Indo-Scythia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indo-Parthia" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Parthia">Indo-Parthia</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Empayar_Kushan" title="Empayar Kushan">Kushan</a> di bahagian barat laut <a href="/wiki/Subbenua_India" title="Subbenua India">Subbenua India</a>. Sejak abad ke-3 M, <a href="/wiki/Empayar_Gupta" title="Empayar Gupta">Dinasti Gupta</a> menyaksikan zaman yang dikatakan sebagai "<a href="/wiki/Zaman_Keemasan_India" title="Zaman Keemasan India">Zaman Keemasan India</a>".<a href="#cite_note-25">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[22]</a> Sementara bahagian utara mempunyai bilangan kecil kerajaan besar, <a href="/wiki/India_selatan" class="mw-redirect" title="India selatan">India selatan</a> pula mengalami beberapa dinasti seperti kerajaan <a href="/wiki/Rashtrakuta" class="mw-redirect" title="Rashtrakuta">Rashtrakuta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chalukya" class="mw-redirect" title="Chalukya">Chalukya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pallava" class="mw-redirect" title="Pallava">Pallava</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Chola" class="mw-redirect" title="Chola">Chola</a>, yang bertindan zaman dan wilayahnya. Ilmu <a href="/wiki/Sains" title="Sains">sains</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kejuruteraan" title="Kejuruteraan">kejuruteraan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seni" title="Seni">kesenian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kesusasteraan" title="Kesusasteraan">sastera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astronomi" title="Astronomi">astronomi</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Falsafah_India" title="Falsafah India">falsafah</a> berkembang di bawah naungan raja-raja ini. Berikutan serangan dari <a href="/wiki/Asia_Tengah" title="Asia Tengah">Asia Tengah</a> antara abad ke-10 dan ke-12, kebanyakan India utara tertakluk di bawah pemerintahan <a href="/wiki/Kesultanan_Delhi" title="Kesultanan Delhi">Kesultanan Delhi</a>, dan kemudiannya <a href="/wiki/Empayar_Mughal" title="Empayar Mughal">dinasti Mughal</a>. Maharaja-maharaja Mughal beransur-ansur mengembangkan kerajaan mereka untuk meliputi bahagian besar subbenua. Bagaimanapun, beberapa negara pribumi seperti <a href="/wiki/Empayar_Vijayanagara" title="Empayar Vijayanagara">Empayar Vijayanagara</a> berkembang maju, terutamanya di selatan. Pada abad ke-17 dan ke-18, keagungan Mughal merosot dan giliran <a href="/wiki/Empayar_Maratha" title="Empayar Maratha">Empayar Maratha</a> untuk mendominasi. Sejak abad ke-16, beberapa negara <a href="/wiki/Eropah" title="Eropah">Eropah</a>, termasuk <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belanda" title="Belanda">Belanda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perancis" title="Perancis">Perancis</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, mula tiba sebagai pedagang yang kemudiannya mengambil kesempatan terhadap ketegangan hubungan antara kerajaan-kerajaan tempatan untuk menubuhkan <a href="/wiki/Jajahan" title="Jajahan">jajahan</a> di India. Menjelang tahun 1856, kebanyakan India tetakluk di bawah kawalan <a href="/wiki/Syarikat_Hindia_Timur_Inggeris" title="Syarikat Hindia Timur Inggeris">Syarikat Hindia Timur Inggeris</a>.<a href="#cite_note-27">[23]</a> Setahun kemudian, satu pemberontakan oleh unit-unit tentera dan kerajaan-kerajaan di seluruh negara, yang bergelar <a href="/wiki/Pemberontakan_India_1857" title="Pemberontakan India 1857">Perang Kemerdekaan India Pertama</a> atau Pemberontakan Sipahi mencabar pemerintah British dengan serius tetapi akhirnya gagal. Akibatnya, India tertakluk di bawah kawalan langsung <a href="/wiki/Empayar_British" title="Empayar British">Mahkota British</a> sebagai sebuah jajahan <a href="/wiki/Empayar_British" title="Empayar British">Empayar British</a>. Pada separuh pertama abad ke-20, satu perjuangan kemerdekaan peringkat kebangsaan dilancarkan oleh <a href="/wiki/Kongres_Kebangsaan_India" title="Kongres Kebangsaan India">Kongres Kebangsaan India</a> dan pertubuhan politik yang lain. Berjuta-juta penunjuk perasaan di bawah pimpinan <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a> dan menunjukkan komitmen kepada <a href="/wiki/Ahimsa" title="Ahimsa">ahimsa</a> atau tiada keganasan, terlibat dalam kempen <a href="/wiki/Keingkaran_awam" title="Keingkaran awam">keingkaran awam</a> beramai-ramai.<a href="#cite_note-CONCISE_ENCYCLOPEDIA_3-28">[24]</a> Akhirnya, pada <a href="/wiki/15_Ogos" title="15 Ogos">15 Ogos</a> <a href="/wiki/1947" title="1947">1947</a>, India mencapai kemerdekaan dari cengkaman British, namun kemudiannya dipecahkan untuk memenuhi hasrat Liga Muslim, sepanjang sempadan keagamaan untuk menghasilkan negara-bangsa <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> iaitu <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CONCISE_ENCYCLOPEDIA..-29">[25]</a> Tiga tahun kemudian, pada <a href="/wiki/26_Januari" title="26 Januari">26 Januari</a> <a href="/wiki/1950" title="1950">1950</a>, India menjadi sebuah republik, dan satu <a href="/wiki/Perlembagaan_India" title="Perlembagaan India">perlembagaan</a> baru dikuatkuasakan.<a href="#cite_note-CIA-10">[7]</a> Sejak mencapai kemerdekaan, India telah mengalami keganasan dan pemberontakan sektarian di merata negara, namun masih mampu mengekalkan perpaduan dan demokrasinya. India masih menghadapi pertikaian wilayah yang belum diselesaikan dengan China yang mencetuskan <a href="/wiki/Perang_China-India" title="Perang China-India">Perang China-India</a> yang singkat pada tahun 1962; dan juga dengan Pakistan, yang mengakibatkan peperangan pada tahun 1947, 1965, <a href="/wiki/Perang_India-Pakistan_1971" title="Perang India-Pakistan 1971">1971</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Perang_Kargil" title="Perang Kargil">1999</a>. India ialah sebuah negara ahli pengasas <a href="/wiki/Pergerakan_Negara-negara_Berkecuali" class="mw-redirect" title="Pergerakan Negara-negara Berkecuali">Pergerakan Negara-negara Berkecuali</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Pertubuhan_Bangsa-Bangsa_Bersatu" title="Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu">Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu</a> (sebagai sebahagian India British). Pada tahun 1974, India menjalankan ujian nuklear bawah tanah.<a href="#cite_note-India_is_a_Nuclear_State-30">[26]</a> Ini disusuli pula dengan lima lagi ujian pada tahun 1998, menjadikan India sebuah <a href="/wiki/Senarai_negara_yang_memiliki_senjata_nuklear" class="mw-redirect" title="Senarai negara yang memiliki senjata nuklear">negara nuklear</a>.<a href="#cite_note-India_is_a_Nuclear_State-30">[26]</a> Mulai tahun 1991, pembaharuan ekonomi penting<a href="#cite_note-31">[27]</a> telah mengubah wajah India sebagaisalah sebuah ekonomi yang paling pesat berkembang di dunia, menambahkan pengaruhnya di peringkat serantau dan antarabangsa.<a href="#cite_note-32">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kerajaan">Kerajaan</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=India&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bahagian: Kerajaan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=India&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Kerajaan">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5614044"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Rencana utama: <a href="/wiki/Kerajaan_India" title="Kerajaan India">Kerajaan India</a></div> India ialah negara <a href="/wiki/Demokrasi" title="Demokrasi">demokrasi</a> terbesar di dunia.<a href="#cite_note-largestdem1-33">[29]</a> Perlembagaannya menyifatkan India sebauh <a href="/wiki/Republik" title="Republik">republik</a> <a href="/wiki/Demokrasi_liberal" title="Demokrasi liberal">demokratik</a> yang <a href="/wiki/Kedaulatan" title="Kedaulatan">berdaulat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sosialisme" title="Sosialisme">sosialis</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Sekularisme" title="Sekularisme">sekular</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CoI-34">[30]</a> India mengendali bentuk kerajaan persekutuan dan sebuah <a href="/wiki/Parlimen" title="Parlimen">parlimen</a> <a href="/wiki/Dwidewan" title="Dwidewan">dwidewan</a> yang beroperasi berasaskan sistem parlimen <a href="/wiki/Sistem_Westminster" title="Sistem Westminster">gaya Westminster</a>. Kerajaan India teridir daripada tiga cabang, iaitu <a href="/wiki/Perundangan" title="Perundangan">Perundangan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eksekutif" class="mw-redirect" title="Eksekutif">Eksekutif</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Kehakiman" title="Kehakiman">Kehakiman</a>. <a href="/wiki/Presiden_India" title="Presiden India">Presiden India</a> ialah <a href="/wiki/Ketua_negara" title="Ketua negara">ketua negara</a> rasmi<a href="#cite_note-CoI-34">[30]</a> yang dilantik secara tidak langsung oleh <a href="/wiki/Badan_pemilih" title="Badan pemilih">badan pemilih</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[31]</a> untuk penggal lima tahun.<a href="#cite_note-36">[32]</a> Namun begitu, <a href="/wiki/Ketua_kerajaan" title="Ketua kerajaan">ketua kerajaan</a> sebenar ialah <a href="/wiki/Perdana_Menteri" title="Perdana Menteri">Perdana Menteri</a> yang melaksanakan kebanyakan kuasa eksekutif.<a href="#cite_note-CoI-34">[30]</a> Perdana Menteri dilantik oleh Presiden,<a href="#cite_note-37">[33]</a> dengan syarat bahawa Perdana Menteri menikmati sokongan parti atau parti campuran yang meraih majoriti kerusi dalam <a href="/wiki/Dewan_rakyat" title="Dewan rakyat">Dewan Rakyat</a> di Parlimen. Perundangan India berbentuk <a href="/wiki/Parlimen_India" title="Parlimen India">Parlimen</a> dwidewan yang terdiri daripada Dewan Pertuanan yang bergelar <a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a> (Majlis Negeri-negeri) dan Dewan Rakyat yang bergelar <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> (Dewan Rakyat).<a href="#cite_note-CoI-34">[30]</a> Rajya Sabha, sebuah perbadanan yang kekal, mempunyai seramai 250 ahli yang berkhidmat dalam penggal enam tahun.<a href="#cite_note-Parliament-38">[34]</a> Kebanyakan ahli-ahli ini dilantik secara tidak langsung oleh perundangan peringkat <a href="/wiki/Senarai_negeri-negeri_dan_wilayah-wilayah_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Senarai negeri-negeri dan wilayah-wilayah India">negeri dan wilayah</a> seimbang kepada populasi negeri.<a href="#cite_note-Parliament-38">[34]</a> 545 ahli Lok Sabha dilantik secara terus oleh undian popular untuk mewakili kawasan pengundian masing-masing selama lima tahun.<a href="#cite_note-Parliament-38">[34]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:The_Prime_Minister,_Shri_Narendra_Modi_meeting_the_Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia,_Dr._Mahathir_Bin_Mohamad,_in_Kuala_Lumpur,_Malaysia_on_May_31,_2018.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_meeting_the_Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia%2C_Dr._Mahathir_Bin_Mohamad%2C_in_Kuala_Lumpur%2C_Malaysia_on_May_31%2C_2018.JPG/220px-The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_meeting_the_Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia%2C_Dr._Mahathir_Bin_Mohamad%2C_in_Kuala_Lumpur%2C_Malaysia_on_May_31%2C_2018.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_meeting_the_Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia%2C_Dr._Mahathir_Bin_Mohamad%2C_in_Kuala_Lumpur%2C_Malaysia_on_May_31%2C_2018.JPG/330px-The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_meeting_the_Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia%2C_Dr._Mahathir_Bin_Mohamad%2C_in_Kuala_Lumpur%2C_Malaysia_on_May_31%2C_2018.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_meeting_the_Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia%2C_Dr._Mahathir_Bin_Mohamad%2C_in_Kuala_Lumpur%2C_Malaysia_on_May_31%2C_2018.JPG/440px-The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_meeting_the_Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia%2C_Dr._Mahathir_Bin_Mohamad%2C_in_Kuala_Lumpur%2C_Malaysia_on_May_31%2C_2018.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1830" data-file-height="1380" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Perdana_Menteri_India" title="Perdana Menteri India">Perdana Menteri India</a> <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> bertemu dengan <a href="/wiki/Perdana_Menteri_Malaysia" title="Perdana Menteri Malaysia">Perdana Menteri Malaysia</a> <a href="/wiki/Mahathir_Mohamad" title="Mahathir Mohamad">Mahathir Mohamad</a> di <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a>, 31 Mei 2018.</figcaption></figure> Cabang eksekutif terdiri daripada Presiden, Naib Presiden, dan Majlis Menteri-menteri (<a href="/wiki/Kabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Kabinet">Kabinet</a> selaku jawatankuasa eksekutifnya) yang diketuai Perdana Menteri. Mana-mana menteri yang memegang portfolio mestilah merupakan seotang ahli mana-mana dewan atau parliment. Dalam sistem parlimen India, cabang eksekutif ialah pihak bawahan kepada perundangan, dengan Perdana Menteri dan Majlis beliau bertanggungjawab secara langsung kepada Dewan Rakyat.<a href="#cite_note-manorama-39">[35]</a> Kehakiman bebas India terdiri daripada <a href="/wiki/Mahkamah_Agung_India" title="Mahkamah Agung India">Mahkamah Agung</a> yang diketuai <a href="/wiki/Ketua_Hakim_India" title="Ketua Hakim India">Ketua Hakim India</a>. Mahkamah Agung memegang bidang kuasa asal terhadap perselisihan antara negeri-negeri dan Pusat, bidang kuasa pendengaran rayuan terhadap 21 Mahkamah Tinggi India, dan kuasa untuk mengisytiharkan mana-mana undang-undang kesatuan dan negeri sebagai batal dan tidak sah jika didapati bertentangan dengan struktur asas <a href="/wiki/Perlembagaan_India" title="Perlembagaan India">Perlembagaan India</a>.<a href="#cite_note-manorama-39">[35]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pembahagian_pentadbiran">Pembahagian pentadbiran</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=India&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bahagian: Pembahagian pentadbiran" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=India&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pembahagian pentadbiran">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5614044"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Rencana utama: <a href="/wiki/Senarai_negeri-negeri_dan_wilayah-wilayah_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Senarai negeri-negeri dan wilayah-wilayah India">Senarai negeri-negeri dan wilayah-wilayah India</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:India-states-numbered.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/India-states-numbered.svg/200px-India-states-numbered.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/India-states-numbered.svg/300px-India-states-numbered.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/India-states-numbered.svg/400px-India-states-numbered.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1594" data-file-height="1868" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> India ialah sebuah kesatuan yang terdiri daripada 28 <a href="/wiki/Negeri" class="mw-redirect" title="Negeri">negeri</a> dan tujuh <a href="/wiki/Wilayah_kesatuan" title="Wilayah kesatuan">wilayah kesatuan</a> yang ditadbir kerajaan persekutuan. Warga dalam kesemua negeri, wilayah kesatuan Puducherry, dan Wilayah Ibu Negara Delhi boleh mengundi kerajaan masing-masing. Lima wilayah kesatuan yang lain pula mempunyai pentadbir yang dilantik oleh kerajaan pusat. Negeri: <table> <tbody><tr> <td> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh" title="Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarh" title="Chhattisgarh">Chhattisgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haryana" title="Haryana">Haryana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh" title="Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jharkhand" title="Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a></li></ol> </td> <td> <ol start="15"> <li> <a href="/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur">Manipur</a> </li><li> <a href="/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya">Meghalaya</a> </li><li> <a href="/wiki/Mizoram" title="Mizoram">Mizoram</a> </li><li> <a href="/wiki/Nagaland" title="Nagaland">Nagaland</a> </li><li> <a href="/wiki/Orissa" class="mw-redirect" title="Orissa">Orissa</a> </li><li> <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab, India">Punjab</a> </li><li> <a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a> </li><li> <a href="/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim">Sikkim</a> </li><li> <a href="/wiki/Telangana" title="Telangana">Telangana</a> </li><li> <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a> </li><li> <a href="/wiki/Tripura" title="Tripura">Tripura</a> </li><li> <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a> </li><li> <a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand" title="Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a> </li><li> <a href="/wiki/Bengal_Barat" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengal Barat">Bengal Barat</a> </li></ol> </td> <td> Wilayah Kesatuan: <ol type="A"> <li> <a href="/wiki/Kepulauan_Andaman_dan_Nicobar" title="Kepulauan Andaman dan Nicobar">Kepulauan Andaman dan Nicobar</a> </li><li> <a href="/wiki/Chandigarh" title="Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a> </li><li> <a href="/wiki/Dadra_dan_Nagar_Haveli" title="Dadra dan Nagar Haveli">Dadra dan Nagar Haveli</a> </li><li> <a href="/wiki/Daman_dan_Diu" title="Daman dan Diu">Daman dan Diu</a> </li><li> <a href="/wiki/Lakshadweep" title="Lakshadweep">Lakshadweep</a> </li><li> <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Wilayah Ibu Negara Delhi</a> </li><li> <a href="/wiki/Jammu_dan_Kashmir" title="Jammu dan Kashmir">Jammu dan Kashmir</a> </li><li> <a href="/wiki/Puducherry" title="Puducherry">Puducherry</a> </li></ol> </td></tr></tbody></table> Kesemua negeri dan wilayah kesatuan dibahagikan lagi kepada daerah. Dalam negeri-negeri yang lebih besar, daerah-daerah boleh diguguskan untuk membentuk bahagian. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografi">Geografi</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=India&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bahagian: Geografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=India&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Geografi">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5614044"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Rencana utama: <a href="/wiki/Geografi_India" title="Geografi India">Geografi India</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Yumthanghimalayas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Yumthanghimalayas.jpg/270px-Yumthanghimalayas.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Yumthanghimalayas.jpg/405px-Yumthanghimalayas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Yumthanghimalayas.jpg/540px-Yumthanghimalayas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="670" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Himalaya" title="Himalaya">Himalaya</a>, yang memanjang dari <a href="/wiki/Jammu_dan_Kashmir" title="Jammu dan Kashmir">Jammu dan Kashmir</a> di utara hingga <a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh" title="Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal Pradesh</a> di timur jauh, membentuk hampir seluruh perbatasan India di timur</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Puvar_20080220-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Puvar_20080220-1.jpg/220px-Puvar_20080220-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Puvar_20080220-1.jpg/330px-Puvar_20080220-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Puvar_20080220-1.jpg/440px-Puvar_20080220-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4368" data-file-height="2912" /></a><figcaption>Pantai di India selatan</figcaption></figure> India yang merangkumi sebahagian terbesar <a href="/wiki/Benua_kecil_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Benua kecil India">benua kecil India</a>, terletak di atas plat tektonik India, iaitu di bahagian barat laut Plat Indo-Australia.<a href="#cite_note-ali2005-p170-171-40">[36]</a> Proses pembentukan geologinya bermula 75 juta tahun dahulu, apabila benua kecil India yang ketika itu merupakan sebahagian benua besar selatan <a href="/wiki/Gondwana" title="Gondwana">Gondwana</a>, mula <a href="/wiki/Tektonik_plat" class="mw-redirect" title="Tektonik plat">beralir</a> ke arah timur laut selama 50 juta tahun, merentasi <a href="/wiki/Lautan_Hindi" title="Lautan Hindi">Lautan Hindi</a> yang ketika itu belum terbentuk lagi.<a href="#cite_note-ali2005-p172-173-41">[37]</a> Ini disusuli pertembungan benua kecil ini denghan Plat Eurasia dan subdukt di bawahnya yang melahirkan <a href="/wiki/Banjaran_Himalaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Banjaran Himalaya">banjaran Himalaya</a>, pergunungan tertinggi di dunia yang kini bercamtum dengan India di <a href="/wiki/India_Utara" title="India Utara">utara</a> dan timur laut.<a href="#cite_note-ali2005-p172-173-41">[37]</a> Pergerakan plat ini juga melahirkan sebuah palung yang luas di bekas dasar laut yang teletak berhampiran selatan Himalaya dan seterusnya diisi endapan sungai,<a href="#cite_note-42">[38]</a> lalu membentuk Dataran Indo-Ganges.<a href="#cite_note-43">[39]</a> Pada barat dataran ini, dan terpisah darinya oleh Bukit-bukit Aravalli, terletaknya <a href="/wiki/Gurun_Thar" title="Gurun Thar">Gurun Thar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-44">[40]</a> Plat India yang asal kini tinggal Semenanjung India, aitu bahagian yang tertua dan paling stabil dari segi geologi di India, mencapai sejauh banjaran Satpura dan banjaran Vindhya di India tengah; banjaran-banjaran selari ini terbentang dari pantai Laut Arab di <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a> ke Penara Chota Nagpur yang kaya dengan <a href="/wiki/Arang" title="Arang">arang</a> di <a href="/wiki/Jharkhand" title="Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a>.<a href="#cite_note-45">[41]</a> Di selatannya, daratan semenanjung yang selebihnya, iaitu penara Deccan, diapit pada kiri dan kanannya oleh banjaran pesisiran, iaitu masing-masing Ghat Barat dan Ghat Timur,<a href="#cite_note-britan-weghats-46">[42]</a> mengandungi pembentukan batu tertua di India pada usia kira-kira sebilion tahun. India terletak pada utara khatulistiwa antara 6°44' dan 35°30' latitud utara<a href="#cite_note-47">[43]</a> dan 68°7' dan 97°25' longitud timur.<a href="#cite_note-yearbook-48">[44]</a> Pesisiran India berukuran 7,517 kilometer (4,671 batu) panjangnya; 5,423 kilometer (3,370 batu) darinya terletak di semenanjung India, dan 2,094 kilometer (1,301 batu) di pulau-pulau Andaman, Nicobar, dan Lakshadweep. Menurut carta-carta hidrografi tentera laut Indian, pesisiran tanah besar terdiri daripada: 43% pantai pasir, 11% pesisiran batu termasuk tebing, dan 46% tanah lumpur atau pantai becak. Sungai-sungai utama yang mengalir dari pergunungan Himalaya lalu merentasi India termasuklah <a href="/wiki/Sungai_Ganges" title="Sungai Ganges">Sungai Ganges</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Sungai_Brahmaputra" title="Sungai Brahmaputra">Brahmaputra</a>, kedua-duanya mengalir hingga <a href="/wiki/Teluk_Benggala" title="Teluk Benggala">Teluk Benggala</a>.<a href="#cite_note-49">[45]</a> Cawang-cawang sungai Ganges yang utama termasuklah <a href="/wiki/Yamuna" title="Yamuna">Yamuna</a> dan Kosi yang bergelar "Nestapa Bihar" kerana cerunnya yang amat rendah mengakibatkan banjir yang dahsyat setiap tahun. Sungai-sungai semenanjung utama–di mana cerun yang lebih curam menghalang perairannya daripada melimpah–termasuklah Sungai Godavari, Sungai Mahanadi, Sungai Kaveri, dan Sungai Krishna, yang juga mengalir hingga Teluk Benggala,<a href="#cite_note-50">[46]</a> serta Sungai Narmada dan Sungai Tapti yang mengalir hingga <a href="/wiki/Laut_Arab" title="Laut Arab">Laut Arab</a>.<a href="#cite_note-51">[47]</a> Antara ciri-ciri pesisiran India yang penting termasuk Rann Kutch yang berawang di India barat, dan di bahagian barat daya delta <a href="/wiki/Sundarban" title="Sundarban">Sundarban</a> lanar yang dikongsi India dan <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>.<a href="#cite_note-52">[48]</a> India mempunyai dua gugusan pulau-pulau, iaitu: <a href="/wiki/Lakshadweep" title="Lakshadweep">Lakshadweep</a>, atol-atol perkarangan di luar pesisiran barat daya India, dan <a href="/wiki/Kepulauan_Andaman_dan_Nicobar" title="Kepulauan Andaman dan Nicobar">Kepulauan Andaman dan Nicobar</a>, selingkaran gunung berapi di <a href="/wiki/Laut_Andaman" title="Laut Andaman">Laut Andaman</a>.<a href="#cite_note-53">[49]</a> Iklim India kuat dipengaruhi banjaran Himalaya dan Gurun Thar, kedua-duanya memacu dinamik <a href="/wiki/Monsun" title="Monsun">monsun</a>.<a href="#cite_note-chang1967-54">[50]</a> Banjaran Himalaya menghalang angin katabatik Asia Tengah yang dingin daripada meniup masuk, maka memastikan kebanyakan kawasna benua kecil India lebih panas berbanding tempat-tempat yang berkongsi <a href="/wiki/Latitud" title="Latitud">latitudnya</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Posey_1994_118-55">[51]</a> Serentak dengan itu, Gurun Thar memainkan peranan dalam menarik angin monsun musim panas barat daya yang sarat dengan kelembapan, antara bulan Jun dan Oktober, maka membawa kebanyakan curahan hujan di India.<a href="#cite_note-chang1967-54">[50]</a> Terdapat empat kelompok iklim utama utama di India: lembap tropika, kering tropika, lembap subtropika, dan pergunungan.<a href="#cite_note-Heitzman_Worden_1996_97-56">[52]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ekonomi">Ekonomi</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=India&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bahagian: Ekonomi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=India&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Ekonomi">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5614044"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Rencana utama: <a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_India" title="Ekonomi India">Ekonomi India</a></div> Sepanjang kebanyakan sejarah selepas merdeka, India berpegang teguh pada pendekatan <a href="/wiki/Sosialisme" title="Sosialisme">sosialisme</a> separa dengan kawalan ketat terhadap penyertaan <a href="/wiki/Sektor_swasta" title="Sektor swasta">sektor swasta</a>, perdagangan asing, dan <a href="/wiki/Pelaburan_langsung_asing" title="Pelaburan langsung asing">pelaburan langsung asing</a>. Namun, sejak tahun 1991, India membuka pasarannya secara beransur-ansur melalui pembaharuan ekonomi dan mengurangan kawalan kerajaan terhadap perdagangan dan pelaburan asing. Rizab pertukaran asing telah naik dari AS$5.8 bilion pada Mac 1991 kepada AS$247 bilion pada September 2007,<a href="#cite_note-rbiforexjune07-57">[53]</a> while federal and state budget deficits have decreased.<a href="#cite_note-Revenue_surge_boosts_fiscal_health-58">[54]</a> <a href="/wiki/Penswastaan" title="Penswastaan">Penswastaan</a> syarikat-syarikat milikan awam serta pembukaan sektor-sektor tertentu kepada penyertaan swasta dan asing masih berterusan meskipun menghadapi perdebatan politik.<a href="#cite_note-59">[55]</a> Dengan kadar peningkatan <a href="/wiki/Keluaran_dalam_negeri_kasar" class="mw-redirect" title="Keluaran dalam negeri kasar">KDNK</a> sebanyak 9.4% sepanjang tahun 2006-07, ekonomi India menjadi antara yang paling berkembang pesat di dunia.<a href="#cite_note-60">[56]</a> KDNK India dari segi <a href="/wiki/Kadar_pertukaran" title="Kadar pertukaran">kadar pertukaran</a> <a href="/wiki/Dolar_Amerika_Syarikat" title="Dolar Amerika Syarikat">dolar AS</a> ialah AS$1.103 trilion, menjadikannya ekonomi <a href="/wiki/Senarai_negara_mengikut_KDNK_(nominal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Senarai negara mengikut KDNK (nominal)">ke-12 terbesar</a> di dunia.<a href="#cite_note-India's_GDP_in_2007-61">[57]</a> Jika diukur dari segi <a href="/wiki/Pariti_kuasa_beli" title="Pariti kuasa beli">pariti kuasa beli</a> (PPP), India mempunyai KDNK <a href="/wiki/Senarai_negara_mengikut_KDNK_(PPP)" class="mw-redirect" title="Senarai negara mengikut KDNK (PPP)">keempat terbesar</a> di dunia pada AS$4.156 trilion.<a href="#cite_note-CIA-10">[7]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pendapatan_per_kapita" title="Pendapatan per kapita">Pendapatan per kapita</a> (nominal) India adalah pada $820, iaitu di tangga <a href="/wiki/Senarai_negara_mengikut_KDNK_(nominal)_per_kapita" title="Senarai negara mengikut KDNK (nominal) per kapita">ke-128</a> di dunia, manakala pendapatan per kapita (PPP) pada US$3,700 pula adalah di tangga <a href="/wiki/Senarai_negara_mengikut_KDNK_(PPP)_per_kapita" class="mw-redirect" title="Senarai negara mengikut KDNK (PPP) per kapita">ke-118</a>. Ekonomi India telah berkembang secara berterusan selama dua dekad yang lalu; namun, pertumbuhan itu nyata tidak sekata apabila kita membandingkan kelompok-kelompok sosial, ekonomi dan rantau geografi yang berbeza, serta kawasan bandar dan luar bandar.<a href="#cite_note-World_bank_2006-62">[58]</a> Meskipun ketidaksamaan pendapatan di India tidaklah besar sangat (<a href="/wiki/Pekali_Gini" title="Pekali Gini">Pekali Gini</a>: 32.5 pada tahun 1999-2000)<a href="#cite_note-Gini-63">[59]</a> namun dewasa ini jurangnya makin luas. Sungguhpun ekonomi banyak berkembang maju, namun sesuku penduduk negara memperoleh pendapatan yang kurang daripada ambang kemiskinan yang ditetapkan kerajaan pada $0.40 sehari. Tambahan pula, India mengalami kadar <a href="/wiki/Malpemakanan" class="mw-redirect" title="Malpemakanan">malpemakanan</a> yang tertinggi di kalangan kanak-kanak bawah umur tiga tahun (46% pada tahun 2007) di dunia.<a href="#cite_note-World_bank_2006-62">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-Malnutrition-64">[60]</a> India dilengkapi <a href="/wiki/Tenaga_kerja" title="Tenaga kerja">tenaga kerja</a> sebanyak 509.3 juta, 60% daripadanya bekerja dalam bidang pertanian dan industri-industri berkaitan; 28% dalam bidang <a href="/wiki/Perkhidmatan_(ekonomi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Perkhidmatan (ekonomi)">perkhidmatan</a> dan industri-industri berkaitan; dan 12% dalam <a href="/wiki/Perindustrian" class="mw-redirect" title="Perindustrian">perindustrian</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CIA-10">[7]</a> Tanaman-tanaman pertanian utama termasuklah beras, gandum, biji minyak, kapas, rami, tah, tebu, dan ubi kentang. Sektor pertanian membentuk 28% KDNK; sektor perkhidmatan dan perindustrian pula masing-masing membentuk 54% dan 18% KDNK. Perindustrian utama termasuk pembuatan kereta, simen, kimia, perkakas elektronik pengguna, pemprosesan makanan, jentera, perlombongan, petroleum, farmaseutikal, keluli, kelengkapan pengangkutan, dan tekstil.<a href="#cite_note-CIA-10">[7]</a> Pada tahun 2006, nilai eksport dianggarkan pada AS$112 bilion dan import pula sekitar AS$187.9 bilion. Tekstil, barang kemas, hasil kejuruteraan dan perisian merupakan komoditi-komoditi eksport yang utama. Minyak mentah, jentera, baja, dan kimia pula merupakan import utama. Rakan dagang India yang paling tuama ialah <a href="/wiki/Amerika_Syarikat" title="Amerika Syarikat">Amerika Syarikat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kesatuan_Eropah" title="Kesatuan Eropah">Kesatuan Eropah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republik_Rakyat_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republik Rakyat China">China</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Emiriah_Arab_Bersatu" title="Emiriah Arab Bersatu">Emiriah Arab Bersatu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CIA-10">[7]</a>Kebelakangan ini, India telah mengambil kesempatan terhadap sekumpulan besar orang-orang berpendidikan tinggi dan fasih berbahasa Inggeris, serta pakar-pakar terlatih untuk dijadikan destinasi penyumberan penting untuk korporasi multinasional dan juga destinasi popular untuk pelancongan perubatan.<a href="#cite_note-BMJ-65">[61]</a> India juga telah menjadi pengeksport utama perisian dan juga perkhidmatan kewangan, penyelidikan, dan teknologi. Sumber alam semulajadinya termasuk tanah tanaman, <a href="/wiki/Bauksit" title="Bauksit">bauksit</a>, kromit, arang, intan, bijih besi, batu kapur, <a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan">mangan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mika" title="Mika">mika</a>, gas asli, petroleum, dan bijih titanium. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Budaya">Budaya</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=India&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bahagian: Budaya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=India&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Budaya">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5614044"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Rencana utama: <a href="/wiki/Budaya_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Budaya India">Budaya India</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Taj_Mahal_in_March_2004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Taj_Mahal_in_March_2004.jpg/220px-Taj_Mahal_in_March_2004.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Taj_Mahal_in_March_2004.jpg/330px-Taj_Mahal_in_March_2004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Taj_Mahal_in_March_2004.jpg/440px-Taj_Mahal_in_March_2004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2040" data-file-height="1681" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Taj_Mahal" title="Taj Mahal">Taj Mahal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agra" title="Agra">Agra</a>. Tanda peringatan <a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan" title="Shah Jahan">Shah Jahan</a> tahun 1648 untuk isteri beliau <a href="/wiki/Mumtaz_Mahal" title="Mumtaz Mahal">Mumtaz Mahal</a>, yang dipuji sebagai "permata <a href="/wiki/Kesenian_Islam" title="Kesenian Islam">kesenian Islam</a> di India" dan salah sebuah karya agung yang dikagumi ramai dalam <a href="/wiki/Tapak_Warisan_Dunia" title="Tapak Warisan Dunia">warisan dunia</a> pada tahun 1983".<a href="#cite_note-UNESCO_TM-66">[62]</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Rabindranath_Tagore_in_1909.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Rabindranath_Tagore_in_1909.jpg/220px-Rabindranath_Tagore_in_1909.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Rabindranath_Tagore_in_1909.jpg/330px-Rabindranath_Tagore_in_1909.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Rabindranath_Tagore_in_1909.jpg/440px-Rabindranath_Tagore_in_1909.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1071" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rabindranath_Tagore" title="Rabindranath Tagore">Rabindranath Tagore</a> - Penerima Hadiah Nobel dari Asia yang pertama<a href="#cite_note-67">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[64]</a> dan penggubah lagu kebangsaan India, memainkan peranan penting dalam membangkitkan semula gaya kesenian tertentu seperti tarian Manipuri.<a href="#cite_note-69">[65]</a></figcaption></figure> Budaya India dicirikan dengan <a href="/wiki/Sinkretisme" title="Sinkretisme">sinkretisme</a> yang tinggi<a href="#cite_note-70">[66]</a> dan kemajmukan budaya.<a href="#cite_note-71">[67]</a> Budaya India mampu memantapkan tradisi lama sambil menyerap adat resam, tradisi dan idea baru dari para penjajah dan pendatang. Kepentingan kepelbagaian budaya telah lama menyatakan sejarah dan tradisi, perlembagaan dan penyusunan politik India.<a href="#cite_note-72">[68]</a> Monumen-monumen yang penting seperti <a href="/wiki/Taj_Mahal" title="Taj Mahal">Taj Mahal</a> dan contoh seni bina Mughal yang lain serta seni bina India Selatan merupakan kesan tradisi-tradisi yang menggabungkan unsur-unsur dari merata tempat di dalam dan luar negara. Seni bina vernakular India pula menunjukkan perbezaan ketara antara rantau. Muzik India meliputi beraneka tradisi dan gaya rantauan. Muzik klasiknya terbahagi kepada muzik klasik Hindustan India Utara dan <a href="/wiki/Sanggita_Karnataka" title="Sanggita Karnataka">sanggita Karnataka</a> dari India Selatan. Bentuk-bentuk muzik popular yang banyak disetempatkan termasuklah muzik filem dan muzik rakyat seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhangra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bhangra (laman tidak wujud)">bhangra</a>. Wujudnya banyak jenis tarian klasik, termasuk bharatanatyam, <a href="/wiki/Kathakali" title="Kathakali">kathakali</a>, kathak, <a href="/wiki/Kuchipudi" title="Kuchipudi">kuchipudi</a>, manipuri, odissi dan yakshagana; yang sering disertakan bentuk naratif dan disemai dengan unsur-unsur kesalihan dan mitos. Karya-karya kesusasteraan India terawal disebarkan secara lisan dan hanya lama kemudian didapati dalam bentuk bertulis.<a href="#cite_note-Sanskrit-73">[69]</a> Ini termasuklah karya-karya kesusasteraan Sanskrit, seperti epik <a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a>, dan drama Pengiktirafan Śakuntalā,<a href="#cite_note-Sanskrit-73">[69]</a> serta juga karya-karya <a href="/wiki/Kesusasteraan_Sangam" title="Kesusasteraan Sangam">kesusasteraan Sangam</a> dalam <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Tamil" title="Bahasa Tamil">bahasa Tamil</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Tamil-74">[70]</a> Antara pengarang India zaman moden yang giat mengarang dalam bahasa-bahasa India atau Inggeris, <a href="/wiki/Rabindranath_Tagore" title="Rabindranath Tagore">Rabindranath Tagorelah</a> yang paling terkenal. Antologi lagu kesalihan beliau, Gitanjali, membantu Tagore meraih Hadiah Nobel pada tahun 1913. <a href="/wiki/Perfileman_India" title="Perfileman India">industri perfileman India</a>, yang lahir pada tahun 1913 melalui <a href="/wiki/Raja_Harishchandra" title="Raja Harishchandra">Raja Harishchandra</a> oleh <a href="/wiki/Dadasaheb_Phalke" title="Dadasaheb Phalke">Dadasaheb Phalke</a>, kini merupakan industri perfileman terbesar di dunia, dengan perfileman <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Hindi" title="Bahasa Hindi">bahasa Hindi</a> komersial <a href="/wiki/Bollywood" title="Bollywood">Bollywood</a> yang bertapak di <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a> sebagai wajahnya yang paling dikenali.<a href="#cite_note-CONCISE_ENCYCLOPEDIA-75">[71]</a> juga wujudnya tradisi-tradisi mantap dalam perfileman bahasa serantau, termasuk Bangla, Kannada, <a href="/wiki/Perfileman_Malayalam" title="Perfileman Malayalam">Malayalam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perfileman_Marathi" title="Perfileman Marathi">Marathi</a>, Tamil, dan Telugu. <a href="/wiki/Pather_Panchali" title="Pather Panchali">Pather Panchali</a> (1955), filem pertama auteur <a href="/wiki/Satyajit_Ray" title="Satyajit Ray">Satyajit Ray</a> mengenai zaman kanak-kanak dan kematian di kawasan perkampungan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilayah_Bengal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilayah Bengal (laman tidak wujud)">Bengal</a>, merupakan satu mercu tanda perfileman sedunia.<a href="#cite_note-76">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[73]</a> <a href="/wiki/Masakan_India" title="Masakan India">Masakan India</a> disifatkan dengan pelbagai gaya rantauan dan penggunaan herba dan rempah yang canggih. Makanan ruji di kawasan India ialah nasi (khususnya di selatan dan timur) dan gandum (terutamanya di utara).<a href="#cite_note-Food-78">[74]</a>Namun cara penyediaan makanan jalanan India yang kotor dan mengabaikan aspek kebersihan menyebabkan ramai orang maut.(SIAPA EDIT DIA SUKA PANIPURI CELOP KAKI) Pakaian India tradisional menampakkan perbezaan ketara dari rantau ke serantau dari segi warna dan gaya dan bergantung kepada pelbagai faktor, termasuk iklim. Gaya-gaya pakaian yang popular termasuklah <a href="/wiki/Sari" title="Sari">sari</a> untuk wanita dan <a href="/wiki/Lungi" title="Lungi">lungi</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Dhoti" title="Dhoti">dhoti</a> untuk lelaki. Sungguhpun sukan kebangsaan India ialah <a href="/wiki/Hoki" title="Hoki">hoki</a>, namun <a href="/wiki/Kriket" title="Kriket">kriket</a> ialah sukan paling popular. Di beberapa negeri, terutamanya yang di timur laut dan negeri-negeri Bengal Barat, Goa, dan Kerala, <a href="/wiki/Bola_sepak" title="Bola sepak">bola sepak</a> juga popular.<a href="#cite_note-Soccer-79">[75]</a> Dewasa ini, <a href="/wiki/Tenis" title="Tenis">tenis</a> juga kian laris. <a href="/wiki/Catur" title="Catur">Catur</a> yang disangka ramai berasal dari India, juga melihat peningkatan popularitinya serentak dengan peningkatan bilangan grandmaster dari India. Sukan tradisi termasuklah <a href="/wiki/Kabaddi" title="Kabaddi">kabaddi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kho-kho" title="Kho-kho">kho-kho</a>, dan gilli-danda, yang dimain di seluruh India. India merupakan tampat lahir seni <a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">yoga</a> dan seni mempertahankan diri, iaitu Kalarippayattu dan <a href="/wiki/Varma_Kalai" title="Varma Kalai">Varma Kalai</a>. Kebanyakan perayaan India berbentuk keagamaan, namun ada yang disambut oleh rakyat tanpa mengira kasta atau kepercayaan. Perayaan yang paling banyak disambut termasuk <a href="/wiki/Diwali" class="mw-redirect" title="Diwali">Diwali</a>, Holi, <a href="/wiki/Onam" title="Onam">Onam</a>, Dussehra, Bihu, Durga puja, kedua-dua hari <a href="/wiki/Hari_Raya" class="mw-redirect" title="Hari Raya">Eid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krismas" title="Krismas">Krismas</a>, Ugadi, dan <a href="/wiki/Vaisakhi" title="Vaisakhi">Vaisakhi</a>. India mempunyai tiga cuti kebangsaan. Setiap negeri juga mempunyai set sembilan hingga dua belas hari cuti yang tersendiri. Amalan keagamaan adalah sebahagian penting dalam kehidupan seharian dan dijadikan perkara awam. Nilai kekeluargaan tradisi Indian masih disanjung tinggi, meskipun keluarga-keluarga di bandar kini lebih menggemari keluarga asas atas sebab kekangan-kekangan sosioekonomi yang dikenakan sistem keluarga bergabung. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nota">Nota</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=India&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bahagian: Nota" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=India&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Nota">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> tidak semua yang negeri rasmi terjadual dan begitulah sebaliknya. </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> Bahasa Kashmir dan Dogri ialah bahasa rasmi Wilayah Kesatuan Jammu dan Kashmir yang kini bukan lagi negeri Jammu dan Kashmir. </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> Sumber yang berbeza memberikan angka yang berbeza secara meluas, terutamanya berdasarkan cara istilah "bahasa" dan "dialek" ditakrifkan dan dikumpulkan. Etnolog menyenaraikan 461 bahasa untuk India (daripada 6,912 di seluruh dunia), 447 daripadanya masih hidup, manakala 14 telah pupus.<a href="#cite_note-Ethnologue-7">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ethnologue2-8">[6]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> "Saiz sebenar negara ini tertakluk kepada perdebatan kerana beberapa sempadan dipertikaikan. Kerajaan India menyenaraikan jumlah kawasan sebagai3,287,260 km2 (1,269,220 bt2) dan jumlah keluasan tanah sebagai3,060,500 km2 (1,181,700 bt2); PBB menyenaraikan jumlah kawasan sebagai3,287,263 km2 (1,269,219 bt2) dan jumlah keluasan tanah sebagai2,973,190 km2 (1,147,960 bt2)."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELibrary_of_Congress2004-12">[9]</a> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rujukan">Rujukan</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=India&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bahagian: Rujukan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=India&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Rujukan">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6415981">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6405196">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.india.gov.in/knowindia/state_emblem.php">"State Emblem -Inscription"</a> (HTML). <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Informatics_Centre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Informatics Centre (laman tidak wujud)">National Informatics Centre</a> (NIC). Dicapai pada 2007-06-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=State+Emblem+-Inscription&rft.pub=National+Informatics+Centre+%28NIC%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.india.gov.in%2Fknowindia%2Fstate_emblem.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> Italic or bold markup not allowed in: <code class="cs1-code">|publisher=</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#apostrophe_markup" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://india.gov.in/knowindia/national_song.php">"National Song- Know India portal"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Informatics_Centre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Informatics Centre (laman tidak wujud)">National Informatics Centre</a> (NIC). 2007. Dicapai pada 2007-08-30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Song-+Know+India+portal&rft.pub=National+Informatics+Centre+%28NIC%29&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findia.gov.in%2Fknowindia%2Fnational_song.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> Italic or bold markup not allowed in: <code class="cs1-code">|publisher=</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#apostrophe_markup" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/debates/vol12p1.htm">"CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY OF INDIA - VOLUME XII"</a>. Constituent Assembly of India: Debates. parliamentofindia.nic.in, National Informatics Centre. <a href="/w/index.php?title=24_January&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="24 January (laman tidak wujud)">24 January</a> <a href="/wiki/1950" title="1950">1950</a>. Dicapai pada 2007-06-29. <q>Gubahan yang terdiri daripada perkataan dan muzik yang dikenali sebagai Jana Gana Mana ialah Lagu Kebangsaan India, tertakluk kepada perubahan dalam perkataan yang dibenarkan oleh Kerajaan apabila timbul; dan lagu Vande Mataram, yang telah memainkan peranan bersejarah dalam perjuangan untuk kebebasan India, akan dihormati sama rata dengan Jana Gana Mana dan akan mempunyai status yang sama dengannya.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Constituent+Assembly+of+India%3A+Debates&rft.atitle=CONSTITUENT+ASSEMBLY+OF+INDIA+-+VOLUME+XII&rft.chron=24+January+1950&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fparliamentofindia.nic.in%2Fls%2Fdebates%2Fvol12p1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> Check date values in: <code class="cs1-code">|date=</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bad_date" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-langoff-4"><a href="#cite_ref-langoff_4-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160708012438/https://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf">"50th Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India (July 2012 to June 2013)"</a> (PDF). Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Minority_Affairs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of Minority Affairs (laman tidak wujud)">Ministry of Minority Affairs</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemerintah_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemerintah India (laman tidak wujud)">Pemerintah India</a>. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf">yang asal</a> (PDF) pada 8 July 2016. Dicapai pada 26 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=50th+Report+of+the+Commissioner+for+Linguistic+Minorities+in+India+%28July+2012+to+June+2013%29&rft.pub=Commissioner+for+Linguistic+Minorities%2C+Ministry+of+Minority+Affairs%2C+Pemerintah+India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnclm.nic.in%2Fshared%2Flinkimages%2FNCLM50thReport.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ethnologue-7"><a href="#cite_ref-Ethnologue_7-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite id="CITEREFLewis,_M._PaulSimons,_Gary_F.Fennig,_Charles_D.2014" class="citation web cs1">Lewis, M. Paul; Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D., penyunting (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/country/IN">"Ethnologue: Languages of the World : India"</a> (ed. 17th). Dallas, Texas: <a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a> by SIL International. Dicapai pada 15 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ethnologue%3A+Languages+of+the+World+%3A+India&rft.place=Dallas%2C+Texas&rft.edition=17th&rft.pub=Ethnologue+by+SIL+International&rft.date=2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Fcountry%2FIN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ethnologue2-8"><a href="#cite_ref-Ethnologue2_8-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141217151950/https://archive.ethnologue.com/15/ethno_docs/distribution.asp?by=area">"Ethnologue : Languages of the World (Seventeenth edition) : Statistical Summaries"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a> by SIL International. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.ethnologue.com/15/ethno_docs/distribution.asp?by=area">yang asal</a> pada 17 December 2014. Dicapai pada 17 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ethnologue+%3A+Languages+of+the+World+%28Seventeenth+edition%29+%3A+Statistical+Summaries&rft.pub=Ethnologue+by+SIL+International&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.ethnologue.com%2F15%2Fethno_docs%2Fdistribution.asp%3Fby%3Darea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CIA-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_10-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_10-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_10-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_10-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_10-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_10-6">g</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080611033144/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/in.html">"CIA Factbook: India"</a>. CIA Factbook. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/in.html">yang asal</a> pada 2008-06-11. Dicapai pada 2007-03-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CIA+Factbook&rft.atitle=CIA+Factbook%3A+India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fgeos%2Fin.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-india.gov.in-11"><a href="#cite_ref-india.gov.in_11-0">^</a> Ralat petik: Tag <code><ref></code> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama <code>india.gov.in</code></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELibrary_of_Congress2004-12"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELibrary_of_Congress2004_12-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLibrary_of_Congress2004">Library of Congress 2004</a>. sfn error: no target: CITEREFLibrary_of_Congress2004 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Harv and Sfn template errors (laman tidak wujud)">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://population.un.org/wpp/">"World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations"</a>. population.un.org. 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Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/population_enumeration.html">yang asal</a> pada 22 May 2016. Dicapai pada 17 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=2011+Census+Data&rft.atitle=Population+Enumeration+Data+%28Final+Population%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.censusindia.gov.in%2F2011census%2Fpopulation_enumeration.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160430213141/https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A-2_Data_Tables/00%20A%202-India.pdf">"A – 2 Decadal Variation in Population Since 1901"</a> (PDF). 2011 Census Data. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Registrar_General_and_Census_Commissioner_of_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India (laman tidak wujud)">Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India</a>. 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Dicapai pada 17 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=2011+Census+Data&rft.atitle=A+%E2%80%93+2+Decadal+Variation+in+Population+Since+1901&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.censusindia.gov.in%2F2011census%2FPCA%2FA-2_Data_Tables%2F00%2520A%25202-India.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMFWEO.IN-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEO.IN_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEO.IN_17-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEO.IN_17-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEO.IN_17-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/October/weo-report?c=534,&s=NGDP_RPCH,NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2021&ey=2028&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1">"World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. 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Dicapai pada 12 Oktober 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Economic+Outlook+Database%2C+October+2023+Edition.+%28India%29&rft.pub=International+Monetary+Fund&rft.date=2023-10-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fen%2FPublications%2FWEO%2Fweo-database%2F2023%2FOctober%2Fweo-report%3Fc%3D534%2C%26s%3DNGDP_RPCH%2CNGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC%2C%26sy%3D2021%26ey%3D2028%26ssm%3D0%26scsm%3D1%26scc%3D0%26ssd%3D1%26ssc%3D0%26sic%3D0%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=IN">"Gini index (World Bank estimate) – India"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Bank&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="World Bank (laman tidak wujud)">World Bank</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gini+index+%28World+Bank+estimate%29+%E2%80%93+India&rft.pub=World+Bank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FSI.POV.GINI%3Flocations%3DIN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNHDR-19"><a href="#cite_ref-UNHDR_19-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf">"Human Development Report 2021/2022"</a> (PDF) (dalam bahasa Inggeris). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rancangan_Pembangunan_Pertubuhan_Bangsa-Bangsa_Bersatu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rancangan Pembangunan Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu (laman tidak wujud)">Rancangan Pembangunan Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu</a>. 8 September 2022. Dicapai pada 8 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Human+Development+Report+2021%2F2022&rft.pub=Rancangan+Pembangunan+Pertubuhan+Bangsa-Bangsa+Bersatu&rft.date=2022-09-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2Fglobal-report-document%2Fhdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> –<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yjcOAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA76">The Essential Desk Reference</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, 2002, m/s. 76, <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-512873-4" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-19-512873-4"><bdi>978-0-19-512873-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Essential+Desk+Reference&rft.pages=76&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-19-512873-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyjcOAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA76&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> "Official name: Republic of India."; –<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Da_Graça2017" class="citation cs2">John Da Graça (2017), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=M0YfDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA421">Heads of State and Government</a>, London: <a href="/wiki/Macmillan_Publishers" title="Macmillan Publishers">Macmillan</a>, m/s. 421, <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-349-65771-1" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-349-65771-1"><bdi>978-1-349-65771-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Heads+of+State+and+Government&rft.place=London&rft.pages=421&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-349-65771-1&rft.au=John+Da+Gra%C3%A7a&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DM0YfDgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA421&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> "Official name: Republic of India; Bharat Ganarajya (Hindi)"; –<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite id="CITEREFGraham_Rhind2017" class="citation cs2">Graham Rhind (2017), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iGdQDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA302">Global Sourcebook of Address Data Management: A Guide to Address Formats and Data in 194 Countries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a>, m/s. 302, <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-351-93326-1" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-351-93326-1"><bdi>978-1-351-93326-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Global+Sourcebook+of+Address+Data+Management%3A+A+Guide+to+Address+Formats+and+Data+in+194+Countries&rft.pages=302&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-351-93326-1&rft.au=Graham+Rhind&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiGdQDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA302&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> "Official name: Republic of India; Bharat."; –<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite id="CITEREFBradnock2015" class="citation cs2">Bradnock, Robert W. (2015), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zzjbCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA108">The Routledge Atlas of South Asian Affairs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>, m/s. 108, <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-317-40511-5" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-317-40511-5"><bdi>978-1-317-40511-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Routledge+Atlas+of+South+Asian+Affairs&rft.pages=108&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-317-40511-5&rft.aulast=Bradnock&rft.aufirst=Robert+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzzjbCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA108&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> "Official name: English: Republic of India; Hindi:Bharat Ganarajya"; –<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pLw-ReHIgvQC&pg=PA140">Penguin Compact Atlas of the World</a>, <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Group" title="Penguin Group">Penguin</a>, 2012, m/s. 140, <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-7566-9859-1" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-7566-9859-1"><bdi>978-0-7566-9859-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Penguin+Compact+Atlas+of+the+World&rft.pages=140&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-7566-9859-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpLw-ReHIgvQC%26pg%3DPA140&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> "Official name: Republic of India"; –<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Co_VIPIJerIC&pg=PA515">Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary</a> (ed. 3rd), <a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster</a>, 1997, m/s. 515–516, <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-87779-546-9" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-87779-546-9"><bdi>978-0-87779-546-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Merriam-Webster%27s+Geographical+Dictionary&rft.pages=515-516&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Merriam-Webster&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-87779-546-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCo_VIPIJerIC%26pg%3DPA515&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> "Officially, Republic of India"; –<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O5moCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA54-IA10">Complete Atlas of the World, 3rd Edition: The Definitive View of the Earth</a>, DK Publishing, 2016, m/s. 54, <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-4654-5528-4" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-4654-5528-4"><bdi>978-1-4654-5528-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Complete+Atlas+of+the+World%2C+3rd+Edition%3A+The+Definitive+View+of+the+Earth&rft.pages=54&rft.pub=DK+Publishing&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-4654-5528-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DO5moCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA54-IA10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> "Official name: Republic of India"; –<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CQWhAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA726">Worldwide Government Directory with Intergovernmental Organizations 2013</a>, CQ Press, 10 May 2013, m/s. 726, <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-4522-9937-2" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-4522-9937-2"><bdi>978-1-4522-9937-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Worldwide+Government+Directory+with+Intergovernmental+Organizations+2013&rft.pages=726&rft.pub=CQ+Press&rft.date=2013-05-10&rft.isbn=978-1-4522-9937-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCQWhAQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA726&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> "India (Republic of India; 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New Delhi: Tata McGraw Hill. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/0070483698" title="Khas:Sumber buku/0070483698"><bdi>0070483698</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+History&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pub=Tata+McGraw+Hill&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0070483698&rft.au=Krishna+Reddy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/242">Ajanta Caves, India: Brief Description, UNESCO World Heritage Site. Dipetik pada 27 Oktober 2006.</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite id="CITEREFJona_Lendering" class="citation web cs1">Jona Lendering. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.livius.org/man-md/mauryas/mauryas.html">"Maurya dynasty"</a>. Dicapai pada 2007-06-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Maurya+dynasty&rft.au=Jona+Lendering&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.livius.org%2Fman-md%2Fmauryas%2Fmauryas.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://india.gov.in/knowindia/ancient_history4.php">"Gupta period has been described as the Golden Age of Indian history"</a>. Dicapai pada 2007-10-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gupta+period+has+been+described+as+the+Golden+Age+of+Indian+history&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findia.gov.in%2Fknowindia%2Fancient_history4.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> Heitzman, James. (2007). 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Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/asia/asia/magazine/1999/990823/tagore1.html">yang asal</a> pada 2008-12-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rabindanath+Tagore%3A+Asia%27s+First+Nobel+laureate...&rft.pub=Time+Asia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fasia%2Fasia%2Fmagazine%2F1999%2F990823%2Ftagore1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1913/index.html">"The Nobel Prize in Literature 1913"</a>. Nobel Prize Winners. 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Dicapai pada 2007-09-27. <q>Dimensi ketamadunan pan-India bagi pluralisme dan sinkretisme budaya merangkumi kepelbagaian dan percampuran etnik, kepelbagaian linguistik serta gabungan, dan variasi serta sintesis dalam adat, corak tingkah laku, kepercayaan dan ritual.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bangladesh+e-Journal+of+Sociology&rft.atitle=Cultural+Diversity%2C+Religious+Syncretism+and+People+of+India%3A+An+Anthropological+Interpretation&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2nd&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Das&rft.aufirst=N.K.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bangladeshsociology.org%2FContent.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite id="CITEREFBaidyanath2006" class="citation book cs1">Baidyanath, Saraswati (2006). "Cultural Pluralism, National Identity and Development". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070702222552/http://ignca.nic.in/ls_03.htm">Interface of Cultural Identity Development</a> (ed. 1stEdition). m/s. xxi+290pp. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/81-246-0054-6" title="Khas:Sumber buku/81-246-0054-6"><bdi>81-246-0054-6</bdi></a>. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ignca.nic.in/ls_03.htm">yang asal</a> pada 2007-07-02. Dicapai pada 2007-06-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cultural+Pluralism%2C+National+Identity+and+Development&rft.btitle=Interface+of+Cultural+Identity+Development&rft.pages=xxi%2B290pp&rft.edition=1stEdition&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=81-246-0054-6&rft.aulast=Baidyanath&rft.aufirst=Saraswati&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fignca.nic.in%2Fls_03.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite id="CITEREFBhattacharyya2003" class="citation journal cs1">Bhattacharyya, Harihar (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unesco.org/shs/ijms/vol5/issue2/art4">"Multiculturalism in Contemporary India"</a>. IJMS. 5 (2): 148–161. ISSN 1817-4574. Dicapai pada 2007-06-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IJMS&rft.atitle=Multiculturalism+in+Contemporary+India&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=148-161&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Bhattacharyya&rft.aufirst=Harihar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unesco.org%2Fshs%2Fijms%2Fvol5%2Fissue2%2Fart4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sanskrit-73">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sanskrit_73-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sanskrit_73-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFMacDonell2004">MacDonell 2004</a>, halaman 1-40 </li> <li id="cite_note-Tamil-74"><a href="#cite_ref-Tamil_74-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFZvelebil1992">Zvelebil 1992</a>, halaman 12 </li> <li id="cite_note-CONCISE_ENCYCLOPEDIA-75"><a href="#cite_ref-CONCISE_ENCYCLOPEDIA_75-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite class="citation book cs1">Concise Encyclopedia. Dorling Kindersley Limited. 1997. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/0-7513-5911-4" title="Khas:Sumber buku/0-7513-5911-4"><bdi>0-7513-5911-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Concise+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=Dorling+Kindersley+Limited&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-7513-5911-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFVilanilam2005">Vilanilam 2005</a>, halaman 133 </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050523235033/http://www.time.com/time/2005/100movies/the_complete_list.html">"Time Magazine all time 100 top films"</a>. Time Magazine. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/2005/100movies/the_complete_list.html">yang asal</a> pada 2005-05-23. Dicapai pada 2007-10-02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Time+Magazine&rft.atitle=Time+Magazine+all+time+100+top+films&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2F2005%2F100movies%2Fthe_complete_list.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Food-78"><a href="#cite_ref-Food_78-0">^</a> Delphine, Roger, "The History and Culture of Food in Asia", in <a href="#CITEREFKipleKriemhild2000">Kiple & Kriemhild 2000</a>, halaman 1140-1151 </li> <li id="cite_note-Soccer-79"><a href="#cite_ref-Soccer_79-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMajumdarBandyopadhyay2006">Majumdar & Bandyopadhyay 2006</a>, halaman 1-5 </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pautan_luar">Pautan luar</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=India&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bahagian: Pautan luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=India&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pautan luar">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6350819">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)1px;padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/32px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/48px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/64px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India">Portal India </a></li></ul> <table class="metadata plainlinks mbox-small" style="border:1px solid #aaa; background-color:#f9f9f9;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="margin: auto; text-align: center">Ketahui lebih lanjut tentang India di <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>: </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="//ms.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/India" title="Gelintar Wikikamus"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/25px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/38px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/50px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></a></td> <td><a href="https://ms.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/India" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/India">Takrifan</a> dari Wikikamus </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/India" title="Gelintar Commons"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/37px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></td> <td><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/India" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/India">Imej dan media</a> dari Commons </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="//ms.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/India" title="Gelintar Wikiversity"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Wikiversity-logo-en.svg/25px-Wikiversity-logo-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Wikiversity-logo-en.svg/38px-Wikiversity-logo-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Wikiversity-logo-en.svg/50px-Wikiversity-logo-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="900" /></a></td> <td><a href="https://ms.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/India" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/India">Sumber pembelajaran</a> dari Wikiversity </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="//ms.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/India" title="Gelintar Wikiberita"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/25px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/38px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/50px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></a></td> <td><a href="https://ms.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/India" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/India">Berita</a> dari Wikiberita </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="//ms.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/India" title="Gelintar Wikipetikan"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/21px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/32px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/42px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></td> <td><a href="https://ms.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/India" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/India">Petikan</a> dari Wikipetikan </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="//wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/India" title="Gelintar Wikisumber"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/36px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/48px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></td> <td><a href="https://wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/India" class="extiw" title="oldwikisource:Special:Search/India">Teks sumber</a> dari Wikisumber </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="//ms.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/India" title="Gelintar Wikibuku"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/25px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/38px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/50px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></td> <td><a href="https://ms.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/India" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/India">Buku teks</a> dari Wikibuku </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikikembara memiliki panduan pelancongan bagi <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/India#Q668" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:India">India</a>.</td></tr> </tbody></table> <dl><dt>Kerajaan India</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://india.gov.in/">Laman rasmi Kerajaan India</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nic.in">Laman pandu arah berkenaan laman-laman sesawang Kerajaan India</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Rujukan am</dt></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/india">"India"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CIA_World_Factbook" title="CIA World Factbook">CIA World Factbook</a> (ed. 2025). <a href="/wiki/Agensi_Perisikan_Pusat" title="Agensi Perisikan Pusat">Agensi Perisikan Pusat</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CIA+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Findia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Entri oleh <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a> berkenaan <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/nations/India">India</a></li> <li>Lampiran negara <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC</a> berkenaan <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/country_profiles/1154019.stm">India</a></li> <li>Maklumat Library of Congress Country Studies berkenaan <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.is/20120714040603/lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/intoc.html">India</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Lain-lain</dt></dl> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/16px-Gnome-globe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/24px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="/wiki/Senarai_negeri_dan_wilayah_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Senarai negeri dan wilayah India">Negeri dan wilayah di India</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Negeri</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a> · <a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh" title="Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal Pradesh</a> · <a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bengal_Barat" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengal Barat">Bengal Barat</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a> · <a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarh" title="Chhattisgarh">Chhattisgarh</a> · <a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a> · <a href="/wiki/Haryana" title="Haryana">Haryana</a> · <a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh" title="Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jammu_dan_Kashmir" title="Jammu dan Kashmir">Jammu dan Kashmir</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jharkhand" title="Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a> · <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a> · <a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a> · <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a> · <a href="/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur">Manipur</a> · <a href="/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya">Meghalaya</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mizoram" title="Mizoram">Mizoram</a> · <a href="/wiki/Nagaland" title="Nagaland">Nagaland</a> · <a href="/wiki/Orissa" class="mw-redirect" title="Orissa">Orissa</a> · <a href="/wiki/Punjab_(India)" title="Punjab (India)">Punjab</a> · <a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim">Sikkim</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tripura" title="Tripura">Tripura</a> · <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a> · <a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand" title="Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/Fail:Flag_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bendera India"><img alt="Bendera India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/64px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="64" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/96px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/128px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wilayah kesatuan</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Kepulauan_Andaman_dan_Nicobar" title="Kepulauan Andaman dan Nicobar">Kepulauan Andaman dan Nicobar</a> · <a href="/wiki/Chandigarh" title="Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a> · <a href="/wiki/Dadra_dan_Nagar_Haveli" title="Dadra dan Nagar Haveli">Dadra dan Nagar Haveli</a> · <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Wilayah Ibu Negara Delhi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Daman_dan_Diu" title="Daman dan Diu">Daman dan Diu</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lakshadweep" title="Lakshadweep">Lakshadweep</a> · <a href="/wiki/Puducherry" title="Puducherry">Puducherry</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <table class="navbox collapsible autocollapse nowraplinks" style="margin:auto;"> <tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;width:100%;"><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left;"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini" style=""><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Asia_Selatan" title="Templat:Asia Selatan">p</a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Perbincangan_templat:Asia_Selatan" title="Perbincangan templat:Asia Selatan">b</a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Asia_Selatan&action=edit">s</a></li></ul></div></div><a href="/wiki/Senarai_negara" class="mw-redirect" title="Senarai negara">Senarai negara</a> di benua <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> <a href="/wiki/Asia_Selatan" title="Asia Selatan">Selatan</a></th> </tr><tr> <td style="width:100%;" colspan="2"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /> <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> · <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a> · <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">India</a> · <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/23px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/35px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/45px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a> · <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/12px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/19px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/25px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" />   <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> · <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> · <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Senarai_negara_dan_wilayah_tanggungan_di_benua_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6453376"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Templat:Asia"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bincang"><a href="/wiki/Perbincangan_templat:Asia" title="Perbincangan templat:Asia"><abbr title="Bincang templat ini" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Asia&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Senarai_negara_dan_wilayah_tanggungan_di_benua_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Senarai_negara_dan_wilayah_tanggungan_di_Asia" title="Senarai negara dan wilayah tanggungan di Asia">Senarai negara dan wilayah tanggungan</a> di benua <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><table class="wikitable" style="margin:0"> <tbody><tr> <td width="15%" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Asia_Tenggara" title="Asia Tenggara">Asia Tenggara</a> <a href="/wiki/Fail:Southeast_Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Southeast_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/50px-Southeast_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Southeast_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/75px-Southeast_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Southeast_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-Southeast_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="551" /></a> </td> <td width="35%" align="center"> <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a> · <a href="/wiki/Filipina" title="Filipina">Filipina</a> · <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>1 · <a href="/wiki/Kemboja" title="Kemboja">Kemboja</a> · <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a> · <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> · <a href="/wiki/Singapura" title="Singapura">Singapura</a> · <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> · <a href="/wiki/Timor_Leste" title="Timor Leste">Timor Leste</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> </td> <td width="15%" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Asia_Barat" title="Asia Barat">Asia Barat</a> <a href="/wiki/Fail:Western_Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Western_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/50px-Western_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Western_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/75px-Western_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Western_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-Western_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="683" data-file-height="683" /></a> </td> <td width="35%" align="center"> <a href="/wiki/Arab_Saudi" title="Arab Saudi">Arab Saudi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>2 · <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a> · <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> · <a href="/wiki/Emiriah_Arab_Bersatu" title="Emiriah Arab Bersatu">Emiriah Arab Bersatu</a> · <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(negara)" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgia (negara)">Georgia</a>2 · <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> · <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> · <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lubnan" title="Lubnan">Lubnan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mesir" title="Mesir">Mesir</a> · <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a> · <a href="/wiki/Negara_Palestin" title="Negara Palestin">Palestin</a> · <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a> · <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Suriyah</a> · <a href="/wiki/Turki" title="Turki">Turki</a>2 · <a href="/wiki/Yaman" title="Yaman">Yaman</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="15%" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Asia_Tengah" title="Asia Tengah">Asia Tengah</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Asia_Utara" title="Asia Utara">Utara</a> <a href="/wiki/Fail:Central_Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Central_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/50px-Central_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Central_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/75px-Central_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Central_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-Central_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="553" data-file-height="553" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Fail:North_Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/North_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/50px-North_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/North_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/75px-North_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/North_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-North_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a> </td> <td width="35%" align="center"> <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a>2 · <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> </td> <td width="15%" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Asia_Timur" title="Asia Timur">Asia Timur</a> <a href="/wiki/Fail:East_Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/East_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/50px-East_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/East_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/75px-East_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/East_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-East_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a> </td> <td width="35%" align="center"> <a href="/wiki/Republik_Rakyat_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republik Rakyat China">China</a> · <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>3 · <a href="/wiki/Korea_Selatan" title="Korea Selatan">Korea Selatan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Korea_Utara" title="Korea Utara">Korea Utara</a> · <a href="/wiki/Macau" class="mw-redirect" title="Macau">Macau</a>3 · <a href="/wiki/Jepun" title="Jepun">Jepun</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="15%" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Asia_Selatan" title="Asia Selatan">Asia Selatan</a> <a href="/wiki/Fail:South_Asia_(orthographic_projection)_without_national_boundaries.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/South_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29_without_national_boundaries.svg/50px-South_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29_without_national_boundaries.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/South_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29_without_national_boundaries.svg/75px-South_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29_without_national_boundaries.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/South_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29_without_national_boundaries.svg/100px-South_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29_without_national_boundaries.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a> </td> <td width="35%" align="center"> <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a> · <a class="mw-selflink selflink">India</a> · <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a> · <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> </td> <td width="15%" align="center">Wilayah tanggungan dan negeri dengan pengiktirafan terhad </td> <td width="35%" align="center">Wilayah tanggungan : <a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_dan_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri dan Dhekelia">Akrotiri dan Dhekelia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wilayah_Lautan_Hindi_British" title="Wilayah Lautan Hindi British">Wilayah Lautan Hindi British</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Kepulauan_Cocos_(Keeling)" title="Kepulauan Cocos (Keeling)">Kepulauan Cocos (Keeling)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pulau_Krismas" title="Pulau Krismas">Pulau Krismas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>) Negeri dengan pengiktirafan terhad : <a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Republik_Turki_Cyprus_Utara" title="Republik Turki Cyprus Utara">Cyprus Utara</a> · <a href="/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh" title="Nagorno-Karabakh">Nagorno-Karabakh</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ossetia_Selatan" title="Ossetia Selatan">Ossetia Selatan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Republik_China_di_Taiwan" title="Republik China di Taiwan">Republik China (Taiwan)</a> </td> </tr> </tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>1 <a href="/wiki/Senarai_negara_yang_merentasi_melebihi_satu_benua" title="Senarai negara yang merentasi melebihi satu benua">Sebahagiannya</a> di benua <a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a> (negeri <a href="/wiki/Papua_Barat" title="Papua Barat">Papua Barat</a>).  2 <a href="/wiki/Senarai_negara_yang_merentasi_melebihi_satu_benua" title="Senarai negara yang merentasi melebihi satu benua">Sebahagiannya</a> di benua <a href="/wiki/Eropah" title="Eropah">Eropah</a>.  3 Merupakan <a href="/wiki/Kawasan_Pentadbiran_Khas_Republik_Rakyat_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Kawasan Pentadbiran Khas Republik Rakyat China">Kawasan Pentadbiran Khas</a> di <a href="/wiki/Republik_Rakyat_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republik Rakyat China">Republik Rakyat China</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Anggota_Negara-negara_Komanwel" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#0D2981;color:#FFC926;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6453376"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Komanwel" title="Templat:Komanwel"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini" style=";background:#0D2981;color:#FFC926;;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bincang"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perbincangan_templat:Komanwel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perbincangan templat:Komanwel (laman tidak wujud)"><abbr title="Bincang templat ini" style=";background:#0D2981;color:#FFC926;;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Komanwel&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini" style=";background:#0D2981;color:#FFC926;;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Anggota_Negara-negara_Komanwel" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Senarai_anggota_Negara-negara_Komanwel" title="Senarai anggota Negara-negara Komanwel">Anggota</a> <a href="/wiki/Negara-negara_Komanwel" class="mw-redirect" title="Negara-negara Komanwel">Negara-negara Komanwel</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Senarai_negara_berdaulat" title="Senarai negara berdaulat">Negara berdaulat</a> <div style="clear:both;"></div>(anggota)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrika_Selatan" title="Afrika Selatan">Afrika Selatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_dan_Barbuda" title="Antigua dan Barbuda">Antigua dan Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahamas" title="Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominika" title="Dominika">Dominika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaika" class="mw-redirect" title="Jamaika">Jamaika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepulauan_Solomon" title="Kepulauan Solomon">Kepulauan Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_dan_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts dan Nevis">St. Kitts dan Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">St. Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_dan_Grenadines" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Vincent dan Grenadines">St. Vincent dan Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapura" title="Singapura">Singapura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_dan_Tobago" title="Trinidad dan Tobago">Trinidad dan Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wilayah_tanggungan" title="Wilayah tanggungan">Wilayah tanggungan</a><div style="clear:both;"></div> anggota</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Australia</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kepulauan_Ashmore_dan_Cartier" title="Kepulauan Ashmore dan Cartier">Kepulauan Ashmore dan Cartier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepulauan_Cocos_(Keeling)" title="Kepulauan Cocos (Keeling)">Kepulauan Cocos (Keeling)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepulauan_Laut_Karang" title="Kepulauan Laut Karang">Kepulauan Laut Karang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulau_Heard_dan_Kepulauan_McDonald" title="Pulau Heard dan Kepulauan McDonald">Pulau Heard dan Kepulauan McDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulau_Krismas" title="Pulau Krismas">Pulau Krismas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulau_Norfolk" title="Pulau Norfolk">Pulau Norfolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilayah_Antartik_Australia" title="Wilayah Antartik Australia">Wilayah Antartik Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New Zealand</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kepulauan_Cook" title="Kepulauan Cook">Kepulauan Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokelau" title="Tokelau">Tokelau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilayah_Tanggungan_Ross" title="Wilayah Tanggungan Ross">Wilayah Tanggungan Ross</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_dan_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri dan Dhekelia">Akrotiri dan Dhekelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Selatan_dan_Kepulauan_Sandwich_Selatan" title="Georgia Selatan dan Kepulauan Sandwich Selatan">Georgia Selatan dan Kepulauan Sandwich Selatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guernsey" title="Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepulauan_Cayman" title="Kepulauan Cayman">Kepulauan Cayman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepulauan_Falkland" title="Kepulauan Falkland">Kepulauan Falkland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepulauan_Pitcairn" title="Kepulauan Pitcairn">Kepulauan Pitcairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepulauan_Turks_dan_Caicos" title="Kepulauan Turks dan Caicos">Kepulauan Turks dan Caicos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepulauan_Virgin_British" title="Kepulauan Virgin British">Kepulauan Virgin British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulau_Man" title="Pulau Man">Pulau Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_dan_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension dan Tristan da Cunha">St. Helena, Ascension dan Tristan da Cunha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilayah_Antartik_British&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilayah Antartik British (laman tidak wujud)">Wilayah Antartik British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilayah_Lautan_Hindi_British" title="Wilayah Lautan Hindi British">Wilayah Lautan Hindi British</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Negara_G20" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6453376"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:G20" title="Templat:G20"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bincang"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perbincangan_templat:G20&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perbincangan templat:G20 (laman tidak wujud)"><abbr title="Bincang templat ini" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:G20&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Negara_G20" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/G20" class="mw-redirect" title="G20">Negara G20</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina"><img alt="Argentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada"><img alt="Kanada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republik_Rakyat_China" title="Republik Rakyat China"><img alt="Republik Rakyat China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kesatuan_Eropah" title="Kesatuan Eropah"><img alt="Kesatuan Eropah" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kesatuan_Eropah" title="Kesatuan Eropah">Kesatuan Eropah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perancis" title="Perancis"><img alt="Perancis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Perancis" title="Perancis">Perancis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman"><img alt="Jerman" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman">Jerman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><img alt="Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itali" title="Itali"><img alt="Itali" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Itali" title="Itali">Itali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jepun" title="Jepun"><img alt="Jepun" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jepun" title="Jepun">Jepun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><img alt="Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia"><img alt="Rusia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Saudi" title="Arab Saudi"><img alt="Arab Saudi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Arab_Saudi" title="Arab Saudi">Arab Saudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrika_Selatan" title="Afrika Selatan"><img alt="Afrika Selatan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Afrika_Selatan" title="Afrika Selatan">Afrika Selatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_Selatan" title="Korea Selatan"><img alt="Korea Selatan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Korea_Selatan" title="Korea Selatan">Korea Selatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turki" title="Turki"><img alt="Turki" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Turki" title="Turki">Turki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Amerika_Syarikat" title="Amerika Syarikat">Amerika Syarikat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Kawalan_kewibawaan_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q668#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Kawalan_kewibawaan_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q668#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Kawalan_kewibawaan" title="Bantuan:Kawalan kewibawaan">Kawalan kewibawaan</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q668#identifiers" title="Sunting ini di Wikidata"><img alt="Sunting ini di Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Umum</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pengecam_Nama_Piawaian_Antarabangsa" title="Pengecam Nama Piawaian Antarabangsa">ISNI</a> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000123312734">1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fail_Kewibawaan_Antarabangsa_Maya" title="Fail Kewibawaan Antarabangsa Maya">VIAF</a> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/135375457">1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/135375457">WorldCat (melalui VIAF)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Perpustakaan negara</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90577766">Norway</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000028091">Chile</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX451208">Sepanyol</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11934238p">Perancis</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11934238p">(data)</a> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15323040r">2</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15323040r">(data)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11882652q">3</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11882652q">(data)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=13364">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4026722-2">Jerman</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007559777805171">Israel</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n80125948">Amerika Syarikat</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00564071">Jepun</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge129384&CON_LNG=ENG">Republik Czech</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35219734">Australia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/auth/148745">Sweden</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/497_5270">Vatican</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institut penyelidikan seni</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/4fa1552c-dedc-4722-95a7-8ae50e8d7326">KulturNav (Norway)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pangkalan data saintifik</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> 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