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<div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Azala" title="Azala bisitatu [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Azala</span></a></li><li id="n-Txikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Txikipedia:Azala"><span>Txikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Ikusgela" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Atari:Hezkuntza/Ikusgela"><span>Ikusgela</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Txokoa" title="Proiektuaren inguruan, zer egin dezakezu, non aurkitu nahi duzuna"><span>Txokoa</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:AzkenAldaketak" title="Wikiko azken aldaketen zerrenda. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Aldaketa berriak</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:Ausazkoa" title="Ausazko orrialde bat kargatu [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Ausazko orria</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" title="Aurkitzeko lekua."><span>Laguntza</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Azala" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Entziklopedia askea" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-eu.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:Bilatu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Wikipedia(e)n bilatu [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Bilatu</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Wikipedia wikian bilatu" aria-label="Wikipedia wikian bilatu" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Wikipedia(e)n bilatu [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Berezi:Bilatu"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Bilatu</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itxura"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itxura" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itxura</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu" class=""><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=Eukarioto" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea." class=""><span>Sortu kontua</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=Eukarioto" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Hasi saioa</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Aukera gehiago" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tresna pertsonalak</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu"><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=Eukarioto" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Sortu kontua</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=Eukarioto" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Hasi saioa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Izena eman gabeko erabiltzaileentzako orrialdeak <a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" aria-label="Artikuluak aldatzeari buruz gehiago ikasi"><span>gehiago ikasi</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEkarpenak" title="IP helbide honetatik egindako aldaketen zerrenda [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Ekarpenak</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEztabaida" title="Zure IParen eztabaida [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Eztabaida</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Gunea"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Edukiak" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Edukiak</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">⇑ Gora</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Egitura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Egitura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Egitura</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Egitura-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Egitura azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Egitura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Organuluak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organuluak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Organuluak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organuluak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Erretikulu_endoplasmatikoa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erretikulu_endoplasmatikoa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Erretikulu endoplasmatikoa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erretikulu_endoplasmatikoa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Golgiren_aparatua" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Golgiren_aparatua"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>Golgiren aparatua</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Golgiren_aparatua-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lisosomak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lisosomak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.3</span> <span>Lisosomak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lisosomak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Endosomak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Endosomak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.4</span> <span>Endosomak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Endosomak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mitokondrioak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mitokondrioak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.5</span> <span>Mitokondrioak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mitokondrioak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Peroxisomak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peroxisomak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.6</span> <span>Peroxisomak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peroxisomak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zitosola" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zitosola"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Zitosola</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zitosola-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zitoeskeletoa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zitoeskeletoa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Zitoeskeletoa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zitoeskeletoa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Garraio_mekanismoak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Garraio_mekanismoak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Garraio mekanismoak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Garraio_mekanismoak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mintz_plasmatikoa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mintz_plasmatikoa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Mintz plasmatikoa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mintz_plasmatikoa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nukleoa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nukleoa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Nukleoa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nukleoa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ugalketa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ugalketa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ugalketa</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ugalketa-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Ugalketa azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ugalketa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mitosia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mitosia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Mitosia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mitosia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Meiosia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Meiosia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Meiosia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Meiosia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eukarioto_motak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eukarioto_motak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Eukarioto motak</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Eukarioto_motak-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Eukarioto motak azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Eukarioto_motak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Landare_zelulak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landare_zelulak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Landare zelulak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Landare_zelulak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eukarioto_zelulabakarrak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eukarioto_zelulabakarrak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Eukarioto zelulabakarrak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eukarioto_zelulabakarrak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organismo_zelula_anitzak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organismo_zelula_anitzak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Organismo zelula anitzak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organismo_zelula_anitzak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eboluzioa_eta_jatorriak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eboluzioa_eta_jatorriak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Eboluzioa eta jatorriak</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Eboluzioa_eta_jatorriak-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Eboluzioa eta jatorriak azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Eboluzioa_eta_jatorriak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fosilak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fosilak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Fosilak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fosilak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arkeobakterioekin_harremana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arkeobakterioekin_harremana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Arkeobakterioekin harremana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arkeobakterioekin_harremana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erreferentziak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erreferentziak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Erreferentziak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erreferentziak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kanpo_estekak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanpo_estekak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Kanpo estekak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanpo_estekak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Edukiak" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Eukarioto</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Joan beste hizkuntza batean idatzitako artikulu batera. 139 hizkuntzatan eskuragarri." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-139" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">139 hizkuntza</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukarioot" title="Eukarioot – afrikaansa" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Eukarioot" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaansa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryoten" title="Eukaryoten – Suitzako alemana" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Eukaryoten" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Suitzako alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryota" title="Eukaryota – aragoiera" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Eukaryota" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%88%D9%89" title="حقيقيات النوى – arabiera" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حقيقيات النوى" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%88%D9%89" title="حقيقيات النوى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="حقيقيات النوى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80%E0%A7%B1" title="সংকোষকেন্দ্ৰীয় জীৱ – assamera" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="সংকোষকেন্দ্ৰীয় জীৱ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryota" title="Eukaryota – asturiera" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Eukaryota" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukariotlar" title="Eukariotlar – azerbaijanera" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Eukariotlar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Эукариоттар – baxkirera" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Эукариоттар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baxkirera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryota" title="Eukaryota – baliera" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Eukaryota" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="baliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryota" title="Eukaryota – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Eukaryota" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%9E%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%91%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Эўкарыёты – bielorrusiera" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Эўкарыёты" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%9E%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%91%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Эўкарыёты – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Эўкарыёты" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Еукариоти – bulgariera" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Еукариоти" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu onak"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AC" title="সুকেন্দ্রিক জীব – bengalera" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সুকেন্দ্রিক জীব" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukariot" title="Eukariot – bretoiera" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Eukariot" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukarioti" title="Eukarioti – bosniera" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Eukarioti" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eucariotes" title="Eucariotes – katalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Eucariotes" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C4%ADng-h%C5%8Fk_s%C4%95ng-%C5%ADk" title="Cĭng-hŏk sĕng-ŭk – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Cĭng-hŏk sĕng-ŭk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Эукариоташ – txetxenera" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Эукариоташ" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="txetxenera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%95%D9%88%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%95_%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%A9_%DA%95%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%82%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="زیندەوەرە ناوک ڕاستەقینەکان – erdialdeko kurduera" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زیندەوەرە ناوک ڕاستەقینەکان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="erdialdeko kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryota" title="Eukaryota – txekiera" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Eukaryota" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txekiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Эукариотсем – txuvaxera" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Эукариотсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="txuvaxera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ewcaryot" title="Ewcaryot – galesa" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ewcaryot" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryoter" title="Eukaryoter – daniera" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Eukaryoter" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryoten" title="Eukaryoten – alemana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Eukaryoten" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryoty" title="Eukaryoty – behe-sorabiera" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Eukaryoty" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="behe-sorabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%85%CF%89%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC_%CE%BA%CF%8D%CF%84%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B1" title="Ευκαρυωτικά κύτταρα – greziera" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ευκαρυωτικά κύτταρα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu onak"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote – ingelesa" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Eukaryote" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ingelesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%C5%ADkariotoj" title="Eŭkariotoj – esperantoa" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Eŭkariotoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryota" title="Eukaryota – gaztelania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Eukaryota" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="gaztelania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukar%C3%BCoodid" title="Eukarüoodid – estoniera" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Eukarüoodid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryota" title="Eukaryota – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Eukaryota" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AA" title="یوکاریوت – persiera" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="یوکاریوت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aitotumaiset" title="Aitotumaiset – finlandiera" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Aitotumaiset" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryota" title="Eukaryota – frantsesa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Eukaryota" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frantsesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukarioten" title="Eukarioten – iparraldeko frisiera" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Eukarioten" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="iparraldeko frisiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryota" title="Eukaryota – irlandera" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Eukaryota" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89karyota" title="Ékaryota – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Ékaryota" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryota" title="Eukaryota – galiziera" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Eukaryota" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryota" title="Eukaryota – manxera" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Eukaryota" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manxera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%B9%B3%CC%82n-fu%CC%8Dt" title="Chṳ̂n-fu̍t – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Chṳ̂n-fu̍t" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%95%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9D" title="אאוקריוטים – hebreera" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אאוקריוטים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="सुकेन्द्रिक – hindia" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सुकेन्द्रिक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukarioti" title="Eukarioti – kroaziera" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Eukarioti" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryoty" title="Eukaryoty – goi-sorabiera" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Eukaryoty" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="goi-sorabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekary%C3%B2t" title="Ekaryòt – Haitiko kreolera" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Ekaryòt" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitiko kreolera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukari%C3%B3t%C3%A1k" title="Eukarióták – hungariera" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Eukarióták" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Կորիզավորներ – armeniera" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կորիզավորներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eucaryote" title="Eucaryote – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Eucaryote" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukariot" title="Eukariot – ibanera" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Eukariot" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="ibanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukariota" title="Eukariota – indonesiera" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Eukariota" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote – ilocanoera" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Eukaryote" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocanoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Эукариоташ – ingushera" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Эукариоташ" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingushera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukarioto" title="Eukarioto – idoa" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Eukarioto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="idoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heilkj%C3%B6rnungar" title="Heilkjörnungar – islandiera" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Heilkjörnungar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryota" title="Eukaryota – italiera" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Eukaryota" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu onak"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E6%A0%B8%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="真核生物 – japoniera" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="真核生物" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukariota" title="Eukariota – javera" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Eukariota" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ევკარიოტები – georgiera" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ევკარიოტები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timzi%C9%A3wawin" title="Timziɣwawin – kabiliera" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Timziɣwawin" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabiliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Эукариоттар – kazakhera" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Эукариоттар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%84%ED%95%B5%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC" title="진핵생물 – koreera" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="진핵생물" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukariyot" title="Eukariyot – kurduera" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Eukariyot" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryota" title="Eukaryota – kornubiera" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Eukaryota" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornubiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Эукариот – kirgizera" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Эукариот" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryota" title="Eukaryota – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Eukaryota" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryoten" title="Eukaryoten – luxenburgera" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Eukaryoten" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxenburgera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eucariota" title="Eucariota – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Eucariota" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukarya" title="Eukarya – limburgera" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Eukarya" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryota" title="Eukaryota – liguriera" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Eukaryota" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="liguriera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eucariota" title="Eucariota – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Eucariota" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryota" title="Eukaryota – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Eukaryota" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%A2%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B5%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%94" title="ຢູກາຣີໂອດ – laosera" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຢູກາຣີໂອດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laosera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukariotai" title="Eukariotai – lituaniera" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Eukariotai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eikarioti" title="Eikarioti – letoniera" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Eikarioti" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukariota" title="Eukariota – minangkabauera" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Eukariota" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabauera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Еукариоти – mazedoniera" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Еукариоти" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="mazedoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="യൂക്കാരിയോട്ടുകൾ – malabarera" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="യൂക്കാരിയോട്ടുകൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malabarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Эукариот – mongoliera" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Эукариот" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%A2%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%9B_%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9C" title="ꯏꯌꯨꯀꯦꯔꯥꯢꯌꯣꯇꯤꯛ ꯁꯦꯜ – manipurera" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯏꯌꯨꯀꯦꯔꯥꯢꯌꯣꯇꯤꯛ ꯁꯦꯜ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipurera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5" title="सकेंद्रक सजीव – marathera" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सकेंद्रक सजीव" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukariot" title="Eukariot – malaysiera" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Eukariot" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaysiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B0%E1%80%80%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9A%E1%80%A1%E1%80%85%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%AB_%E1%80%9E%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD" title="နျူကလိယအစစ်ပါ သက်ရှိ – birmaniera" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="နျူကလိယအစစ်ပါ သက်ရှိ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryota" title="Eukaryota – napoliera" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Eukaryota" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napoliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryoten" title="Eukaryoten – behe-alemana" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Eukaryoten" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="behe-alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryoten" title="Eukaryoten – nederlandera" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Eukaryoten" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryotar" title="Eukaryotar – nynorsk (norvegiera)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Eukaryotar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryoter" title="Eukaryoter – bokmål (norvegiera)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Eukaryoter" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryota" title="Eukaryota – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Eukaryota" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryota" title="Eukaryota – okzitaniera" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Eukaryota" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okzitaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wirmaat-dhugee" title="Wirmaat-dhugee – oromoera" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Wirmaat-dhugee" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82%C3%A6" title="Эукариоттæ – osetiera" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Эукариоттæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%80" title="ਸੁਕੇਂਦਰੀ ਪ੍ਰਾਣੀ – punjabera" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸੁਕੇਂਦਰੀ ਪ੍ਰਾਣੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote – pampangera" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Eukaryote" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampangera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukarionty" title="Eukarionty – poloniera" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Eukarionty" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%B9" title="یوکیریوٹ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="یوکیریوٹ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AA" title="یوکاریوت – paxtunera" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="یوکاریوت" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paxtunera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryota" title="Eukaryota – portugesa" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Eukaryota" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eucariote" title="Eucariote – errumaniera" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Eucariote" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="errumaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Эукариоты – errusiera" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эукариоты" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="errusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Еукариоты – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Еукариоты" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Эукариот – sakhera" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Эукариот" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryota" title="Eukaryota – sardiniera" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Eukaryota" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardiniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryota" title="Eukaryota – siziliera" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Eukaryota" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siziliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote – eskoziera" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Eukaryote" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="eskoziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%DA%AA%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%BD%D8%A7" title="يوڪيريئوٽا – sindhia" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="يوڪيريئوٽا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukariote" title="Eukariote – serbokroaziera" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Eukariote" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Eukaryote" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryoty" title="Eukaryoty – eslovakiera" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Eukaryoty" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovakiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evkarionti" title="Evkarionti – esloveniera" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Evkarionti" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sell%C3%A2v%C3%A1%C3%A1imusliih" title="Sellâvááimusliih – Inariko samiera" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Sellâvááimusliih" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inariko samiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukarioti" title="Eukarioti – albaniera" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Eukarioti" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Еукариоте – serbiera" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Еукариоте" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukariot" title="Eukariot – sundanera" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Eukariot" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryoter" title="Eukaryoter – suediera" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Eukaryoter" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suediera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryota" title="Eukaryota – swahilia" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Eukaryota" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF" title="மெய்க்கருவுயிரி – tamilera" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மெய்க்கருவுயிரி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D2%B3%D0%BE" title="Эукариотҳо – tajikera" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Эукариотҳо" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajikera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%95" title="ยูแคริโอต – thailandiera" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ยูแคริโอต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryota" title="Eukaryota – tagaloa" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Eukaryota" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagaloa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96karyot" title="Ökaryot – turkiera" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ökaryot" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Эукариотлар – tatarera" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Эукариотлар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Еукаріоти – ukrainera" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Еукаріоти" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%82%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%B2%DB%8C%DB%81" title="حقیقی المرکزیہ – urdua" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="حقیقی المرکزیہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukariotlar" title="Eukariotlar – uzbekera" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Eukariotlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryota" title="Eukaryota – veneziera" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Eukaryota" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="veneziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinh_v%E1%BA%ADt_nh%C3%A2n_th%E1%BB%B1c" title="Sinh vật nhân thực – vietnamera" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sinh vật nhân thực" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryootn" title="Eukaryootn – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Eukaryootn" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eucariote" title="Eucariote – valoniera" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Eucariote" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote – warayera" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Eukaryote" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="warayera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E6%A0%B8%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="真核生物 – wu txinera" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="真核生物" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ევკარიოტეფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ევკარიოტეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%90%D7%98" title="אייקאריאט – yiddisha" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אייקאריאט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddisha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote – jorubera" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Eukaryote" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="jorubera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E6%A0%B8%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="真核生物 – txinera" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="真核生物" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chin-hu%CC%8Dt_seng-bu%CC%8Dt" title="Chin-hu̍t seng-bu̍t – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chin-hu̍t seng-bu̍t" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E6%A0%B8%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="真核生物 – kantonera" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="真核生物" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMvelendeni" title="IMvelendeni – zuluera" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IMvelendeni" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zuluera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q19088#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Aldatu hizkuntzen arteko loturak" class="wbc-editpage">Aldatu loturak</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Izen-tarteak"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eukarioto" title="Eduki orrialdea ikusi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikulua</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eztabaida:Eukarioto" rel="discussion" title="Artikuluari buruzko eztabaida [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Eztabaida</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aldatu hizkuntza aldaera" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">euskara</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Ikusketak"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eukarioto"><span>Irakurri</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eukarioto&veaction=edit" title="Orri hau aldatu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Aldatu</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eukarioto&action=edit" title="Idatzi orri honen iturburu kodea [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eukarioto&action=history" title="Artikulu honen aurreko bertsioak. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Ikusi historia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tresnak" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tresnak</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tresnak</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ekintzak </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eukarioto"><span>Irakurri</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eukarioto&veaction=edit" title="Orri hau aldatu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Aldatu</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eukarioto&action=edit" title="Idatzi orri honen iturburu kodea [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eukarioto&action=history"><span>Ikusi historia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Orokorra </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:ZerkLotzenDuHona/Eukarioto" title="Orri honetaranzko esteka duten wiki orri guztien zerrenda [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Honanzko esteka duten orriak</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:RecentChangesLinked/Eukarioto" rel="nofollow" title="Orri honetatik esteka duten orrietako azken aldaketak [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Lotutako orrietako aldaketak</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=eu" title="Irudiak edo media fitxategiak igo [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Fitxategia igo</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:OrrialdeBereziak" title="Orri berezi guztien zerrenda [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Orri bereziak</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eukarioto&oldid=9545105" title="Orriaren bertsio honetaranzko esteka iraunkorra"><span>Lotura iraunkorra</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eukarioto&action=info" title="Orrialde honi buruzko informazio gehiago"><span>Orri honen datuak</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:CiteThisPage&page=Eukarioto&id=9545105&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Orri honen aipua egiteko moduari buruzko informazioa"><span>Artikulu hau aipatu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Feu.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FEukarioto"><span>URL laburra lortu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Feu.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FEukarioto"><span>QR kodea jaitsi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Inprimatu/esportatu </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Eukarioto"><span>Liburu bat sortu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:DownloadAsPdf&page=Eukarioto&action=show-download-screen"><span>Deskargatu PDF formatuan</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eukarioto&printable=yes" title="Orrialde honen bertsio inprimagarria [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Inprimatzeko bertsioa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Beste proiektuetan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Eukaryota" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Eukaryota" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiespezieak</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q19088" title="Datuen biltegi elementu batera lotuta [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata itema</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itxura"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Itxura</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-2-HezkuntzaPrograma" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span 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font-variant:small-caps;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Whittaker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Whittaker (sortu gabe)">Whittaker</a> & <a href="/wiki/Lynn_Margulis" title="Lynn Margulis">Margulis</a>, 1978</div> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color:rgb(224, 210, 176)">Azpibanaketa</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><div style="text-align: left;"><div class="plainlist"><div style="background: #D3D3A4; padding: 4px;"> <a href="/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia">Animalia</a></div> <div style="background: light-blue; padding: 4px;"> <a href="/wiki/Onddo" title="Onddo">Fungi</a></div> <div style="background: #FFC8A0; padding: 4px;"> <a href="/wiki/Ameba" class="mw-disambig" title="Ameba">Amoebae</a></div> <div style="background: light-green; padding: 4px;"> <a href="/wiki/Landare" title="Landare">Plantae</a></div> <div style="background: green-yellow; padding: 4px;"> <a href="/wiki/Chromalveolata" title="Chromalveolata">Chromalveolata</a></div> <div style="background: lavender; padding: 4px;"> <a href="/wiki/Rhizaria" title="Rhizaria">Rhizaria</a></div> <div style="background: khaki; padding: 4px;"> <a href="/wiki/Excavata" title="Excavata">Excavata</a></div> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><center><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Cavalier-Smith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Cavalier-Smith (sortu gabe)">Filogenia alternatiboa</a></b></center> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Unikonta" title="Unikonta">Unikonta</a></b></i> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Opisthokonta" title="Opisthokonta">Opisthokonta</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia">Metazoa</a> <i>(animaliak)</i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mesomycetozoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mesomycetozoa (sortu gabe)">Mesomycetozoa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Choanozoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Choanozoa (sortu gabe)">Choanozoa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eumycota&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eumycota (sortu gabe)">Eumycota</a> <i>(fungi)</i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amoebozoa" title="Amoebozoa">Amoebozoa</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bikonta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bikonta (sortu gabe)">Bikonta</a></b></i> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apusozoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apusozoa (sortu gabe)">Apusozoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhizaria" title="Rhizaria">Rhizaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excavata" title="Excavata">Excavata</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaeplastida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archaeplastida (sortu gabe)">Archaeplastida</a> <i>(landareak, zentzu zabalean)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromalveolata" title="Chromalveolata">Chromalveolata</a></li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Eukariotoak</b> <a href="/wiki/Zelula" title="Zelula">zelula</a> <a href="/wiki/Zelula_nukleo" title="Zelula nukleo">nukleoa</a> eta beste <a href="/wiki/Organulu" title="Organulu">organulu</a> batzuk <a href="/wiki/Zelula_mintz" title="Zelula mintz">zelula mintzaz</a> inguratuta duten <a href="/wiki/Izaki_bizidun" class="mw-redirect" title="Izaki bizidun">izaki bizidunak</a> dira. Eukariotoak <b>Eukarya</b> <a href="/wiki/Domeinu_(biologia)" title="Domeinu (biologia)">domeinuaren</a> parte dira, eta <a href="/wiki/Zelulabakar" class="mw-redirect" title="Zelulabakar">zelulabakar</a> edo <a href="/wiki/Organismo_zelulaniztun" title="Organismo zelulaniztun">zelulaniztunak</a> izan daitezke. Zelula eukariotoa <a href="/wiki/Prokarioto" title="Prokarioto">prokariototik</a> (hau da, <a href="/wiki/Bakterio" title="Bakterio">bakterioak</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Arkeo" class="mw-redirect" title="Arkeo">arkeoak</a>) bereizten duen ezaugarria organuluak mintzaz babestuak egotea da, bereziki nukleoa. Nukleo horretan <a href="/wiki/Genoma" title="Genoma">material genetikoa</a> biltzen da, <a href="/wiki/Gaineztadura_nuklear" title="Gaineztadura nuklear">gaineztadura nuklearrren</a> babesean<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Nukleoa izateak ematen die eukariotoei euren izena, <a href="/wiki/Antzinako_greziera" title="Antzinako greziera">antzinako grezierako</a> εὖ (<i>eu</i>, "ondo" edo "benetakoa") eta κάρυον (<i>karyon</i>, "muin", "hazi" edo "mami")<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Gaineztadura edo mintzaz babestutako beste organulo batzuk ere badituzte zelula eukariotoek, adibidez <a href="/wiki/Mitokondrio" title="Mitokondrio">mitokrondrioak</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Golgi_aparatu" title="Golgi aparatu">Golgi aparatua</a>. Gainera, <a href="/wiki/Landare" title="Landare">landare</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Alga" title="Alga">algek</a> <a href="/wiki/Kloroplasto" title="Kloroplasto">kloroplastoak</a> ere badituzte. Arkeobakterio eta bakterioek ez bezala, eukariotoak elkartu eta izaki zelulaniztunak sor ditzakete, <a href="/wiki/Ehun_(biologia)" title="Ehun (biologia)">ehun</a> eta zelula mota ezberdinekin. </p><p>Eukarya domeinuaren barruan <a href="/wiki/Protisto" title="Protisto">Protista</a>, <a href="/wiki/Onddo" title="Onddo">Fungi</a> (onddoak), <a href="/wiki/Landare" title="Landare">Plantae</a> (landareak) eta <a href="/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia">Animalia</a> (animaliak) izeneko erreinuak daude<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Eukariotoak <a href="/wiki/Ugalketa_asexual" title="Ugalketa asexual">asexualki</a> ugal daitezke <a href="/wiki/Mitosi" title="Mitosi">mitosiaren</a> bidez, edo <a href="/wiki/Sexu_ugalketa" title="Sexu ugalketa">sexualki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meiosi" title="Meiosi">meiosi</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Gameto" title="Gameto">gameto</a> fusioaren bidez. Mitosian, <a href="/wiki/Zelula_zatiketa" class="mw-redirect" title="Zelula zatiketa">zelula zatitzen</a> da eta genetikoki identikoak diren beste bi zelula sortzen ditu. Meiosian, <a href="/wiki/DNAren_erreplikazio" title="DNAren erreplikazio">DNAren erreplikazioa</a> bi aldiz egiten du zelula zatiketa, lau zelula <a href="/wiki/Haploide" title="Haploide">haploide</a> sortuz. Zelula hauek sexuaren bidez elkartzen dira, eta gameto izena dute. Gameto bakoitzak <a href="/wiki/Kromosoma" title="Kromosoma">kromosoma</a> multzo bakarra du, meiosiaren <a href="/wiki/Birkonbinazio_genetiko" title="Birkonbinazio genetiko">birkonbinazioan</a> zehar sortutakoak<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Eukariotoak <a href="/wiki/Monofiletiko" title="Monofiletiko">monofiletikoak</a> direla ematen du, hau da, jatorri bera duten izakiz osatutako domeinua da. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiru_domeinu_sistema&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hiru domeinu sistema (sortu gabe)">Hiru domeinu sistemako</a> domeinuetako bat da, baina beste biek ez dute goian aipatutako jokamoldea<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Eukariotoak izaki bizidun guztien multzoaren zati txiki bat baino ez dira<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Egitura">Egitura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eukarioto&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Egitura»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eukarioto&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Egitura"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zelula eukariotiko gehienak mikroskopikoak badira ere, prokariotikoak baino askoz handiagoak dira: tipikoki hamar aldiz handiagoak luzeraz, eta gutxienez mila aldiz handiagoak bolumenari dagokionez. Badirudi tamaina maximoa elikagaien eta <a href="/wiki/Oxigeno" title="Oxigeno">oxigenoaren</a> difusio-tasak mugatzen duela. Tamainarekin batera noski osagai-kopurua ere oso altua da: zelula eukariotiko batean 10.000-20.000 proteina desberdin egon daitezke, eta <a href="/wiki/Proteina" title="Proteina">proteinen</a> kopuru osoa 10.000 milioi inguruko izan daiteke. </p><p>Egiturari dagokionez, zelula eukariotiko guztietan bi konpartimentu bereizten dira: <a href="/wiki/Zelula_nukleo" title="Zelula nukleo">zelula nukleoa</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Zitoplasma" title="Zitoplasma">zitoplasma</a>. <a href="/wiki/Zitoplasma" title="Zitoplasma">Zitoplasma</a> gehienetan nukleoa baino handiagoa eta oso ondo antolatuta dago: hemen hainbat organulu eta egitura ezberdin bereizten dira eta prozesu anitz burutzen dira. Organulu zitoplasmatikoak mintz batez mugatutako barrunbeak dira, bakoitzak bere osagai espezifikoekin. Organulu bakoitzean funtzio konkretu bat (edo batzuk) burutzen da: <a href="/wiki/Zelula" title="Zelula">zelula</a> lantegi bat izango balitz organuluak funtzio edo prozesu ezpezifikoetaz arduratzen diren atalak izango lirateke. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organuluak">Organuluak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eukarioto&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Organuluak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eukarioto&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Organuluak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Sakontzeko, irakurri: «<a href="/wiki/Organulu" title="Organulu">Organulu</a>»</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Biological_cell.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Biological_cell.svg/400px-Biological_cell.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Biological_cell.svg/600px-Biological_cell.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Biological_cell.svg/800px-Biological_cell.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1466" data-file-height="891" /></a><figcaption>Zelula eukariotiko baten irudikapena (1) <a href="/wiki/Nukleolo" title="Nukleolo">Nukleolo</a><br /> (2) <a href="/wiki/Zelula_nukleo" title="Zelula nukleo">Nukleoa</a><br /> (3) <a href="/wiki/Erribosoma" title="Erribosoma">Erribosomak</a> (puntutxoak)<br /> (4) <a href="/wiki/Besikula" title="Besikula">Besikula</a><br /> (5) <a href="/wiki/Erretikulu_endoplasmatiko" title="Erretikulu endoplasmatiko">Erretikulu endoplasmatiko</a> bikortsua<br /> (6) <a href="/wiki/Golgi_aparatu" title="Golgi aparatu">Golgiren aparatua</a><br /> (7) <a href="/wiki/Zitoeskeleto" title="Zitoeskeleto">Zitoeskeletoa</a><br /> (8) <a href="/wiki/Erretikulu_endoplasmatiko" title="Erretikulu endoplasmatiko">Erretikulu endoplasmatikoa</a> laua<br /> (9) <a href="/wiki/Mitokondrio" title="Mitokondrio">Mitokondrioa</a><br /> (10) <a href="/wiki/Bakuolo" title="Bakuolo">Bakuoloa</a><br /> (11) <a href="/wiki/Zitoplasma" title="Zitoplasma">Zitoplasma</a><br /> (12) <a href="/wiki/Lisosoma" title="Lisosoma">Lisosoma</a><br /> (13) <a href="/wiki/Zentriolo" title="Zentriolo">Zentrioloak</a> bere <a href="/wiki/Zentrosoma" title="Zentrosoma">zentrosomarekin</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia">Animali</a> zelula batean, organulu zitoplasmatikoek <a href="/wiki/Zelula" title="Zelula">zelularen</a> <a href="/wiki/Bolumen_(espazioa)" title="Bolumen (espazioa)">bolumenaren</a> %50 inguru okupatzen dute. Orokorrean antzeko funtzioak betetzen dituzte zelula mota guztietan baina organulu bakoitzaren kopurua eta zenbait ezaugarri desberdinak dira zelula-motaren arabera. Organuluen garrantziaz ohartzeko kontuan hartu behar dugu organuluen mintzen azalera mintz plasmatikoarena baino 20 aldiz handiagoa izan daitekeela. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Erretikulu_endoplasmatikoa">Erretikulu endoplasmatikoa</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eukarioto&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erretikulu endoplasmatikoa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eukarioto&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Erretikulu endoplasmatikoa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Sakontzeko, irakurri: «<a href="/wiki/Erretikulu_endoplasmatiko" title="Erretikulu endoplasmatiko">Erretikulu endoplasmatiko</a>»</div> <p><a href="/wiki/Erretikulu_endoplasmatiko" title="Erretikulu endoplasmatiko">Erretikulu endoplasmatikoa</a> (EE) bere izenak adierazten duen moduan sare konplexu bat da hodiz eta sakuluz osatua. Labirinto itxura duen organulu honen mintzak zelularen mintz guztien erdia izan daiteke. Zentro biosintetiko bat da: hemen lipido zelular gehienak eta <a href="/wiki/Proteina" title="Proteina">proteina</a> asko sintetizatu eta modifikatzen dira. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Golgiren_aparatua">Golgiren aparatua</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eukarioto&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Golgiren aparatua»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eukarioto&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Golgiren aparatua"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Sakontzeko, irakurri: «<a href="/wiki/Golgi_aparatu" title="Golgi aparatu">Golgi aparatu</a>»</div> <p>Multzoka agertzen diren zisterna zapalez osatuta dago. Hemen erretikulu endoplasmatikotik datozen produktuen biosintesiak jarraitzen du eta gainera produktu horien sailkapena burutzen da zelularen hemuga desberdinetara bidaltzeko. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lisosomak">Lisosomak</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eukarioto&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Lisosomak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eukarioto&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Lisosomak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Sakontzeko, irakurri: «<a href="/wiki/Lisosoma" title="Lisosoma">Lisosoma</a>»</div> <p>Liseri-<a href="/wiki/Entzima" title="Entzima">entzimak</a> gordetzen dituzten poltsak dira. Organulu hauetan <a href="/wiki/Molekula" title="Molekula">molekula</a> eta egitura anitz apurtzen dira; bai <a href="/wiki/Endozitosi" title="Endozitosi">endozitosiaren</a> bidez sartzen direnak, bai barneko osagaiak, eliminatuak izan behar direnak. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Endosomak">Endosomak</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eukarioto&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Endosomak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eukarioto&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Endosomak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Endozitaturiko molekulak lisosometara iritsi baino lehen beste barrunbeetatik pasatzen dira, hauek endosomak ditugu: hemen kanpotik datozen produktuak sailkatzen dira. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mitokondrioak">Mitokondrioak</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eukarioto&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Mitokondrioak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eukarioto&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Mitokondrioak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Sakontzeko, irakurri: «<a href="/wiki/Mitokondrio" title="Mitokondrio">Mitokondrio</a>»</div> <p><a href="/wiki/Mitokondrio" title="Mitokondrio">Mitokondrioak</a> organulu handiak dira, mintz bikoitz batez inguraturik<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Hemen <a href="/wiki/Arnasketa" title="Arnasketa">arnasketa</a> burutzen da eta <a href="/wiki/ATP" class="mw-disambig" title="ATP">ATP</a> <a href="/wiki/Molekula" title="Molekula">molekulak</a> ekoizten dira; gero <a href="/wiki/ATP" class="mw-disambig" title="ATP">ATPa</a> zelula osoan erabiliko da hainbat prozesu zelularratan (<a href="/wiki/Zelula_nukleo" title="Zelula nukleo">nukleoan</a> ere bai). Mitokondrioek oso ezaugarri berezia aurkezten dute: bere gai genetiko propioa dauka, proteina mitokondrial batzuk sintetizatzeko ezinbestekoa dena<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Peroxisomak">Peroxisomak</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eukarioto&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Peroxisomak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eukarioto&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Peroxisomak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Entzima" title="Entzima">Entzimak</a> gordetzen dituzten poltsak dira non hainbat erreakzio oxidatibo burutzen diren. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zitosola">Zitosola</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eukarioto&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Zitosola»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eukarioto&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Zitosola"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Sakontzeko, irakurri: «<a href="/wiki/Zitosol" title="Zitosol">Zitosol</a>»</div> <p>Zitoplasmatik organuluak eliminatzen baditugu geratzen den barrunbeari (eta hor dauden osagaiei) <a href="/wiki/Zitosol" title="Zitosol">zitosola</a> deitzen diogu. <a href="/wiki/Zitosol" title="Zitosol">Zitosola</a> askotan <a href="/wiki/Zelula" title="Zelula">zelularen</a> barrunberik handiena da: <a href="/wiki/Zelula" title="Zelula">zelularen</a> bolumenaren erdia baino gehiago hartzen du. Hemen <a href="/wiki/Zelula" title="Zelula">zelularentzat</a> funtsezkoak diren prozesu asko etengabe gertatzen ari dira. </p><p>Hasteko esan behar dugu <a href="/wiki/Zelula" title="Zelula">zelularen</a> <a href="/wiki/Proteina" title="Proteina">proteina</a> guztien sintesia <a href="/wiki/Zitosol" title="Zitosol">zitosolean</a> hasten dela. Hori dela eta <a href="/wiki/Erribosoma" title="Erribosoma">erribosomak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Itzulpengintza" title="Itzulpengintza">itzulpenaz</a> arduratzen diren egiturak zitosolean daude. Animalia zelula batean 10 milioi <a href="/wiki/Erribosoma" title="Erribosoma">erribosoma</a> egon daitezke, hauetariko batzuk aske daude eta beste batzuk EE-aren mintzei itsatsita. Gainera proteinen degradazioa ere hemen gertatzen da. Prozesu honetaz arduratzen diren egiturak <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proteasoma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proteasoma (sortu gabe)">proteasomak</a> deritze; hauek, <a href="/wiki/Erribosoma" title="Erribosoma">erribosomak</a> bezala, elkarte makromolekularrak dira. </p><p>Bestalde zitosolean sintesi eta degradazio-erreakzio asko gertatzen ari dira etengabe eta aldiberean. Degradazioa batez ere energia lortzeko (ATP molekuletan metatzen dena) eta sintesia (<a href="/wiki/Aminoazido" title="Aminoazido">aminoazido</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nukleotido" title="Nukleotido">nukleotido</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Gantz-azido" title="Gantz-azido">gantz azidoen</a> biosintesia), makromolekulen monomeroak sortzeko. Dakigun bezala bide metabolikoak ez dira independenteak, gurutzatzen dira. Erreakzio hauen artean garrantzi berezia dauka <a href="/wiki/Glukolisi" title="Glukolisi">glukolisiak</a>: ATP lortzeko bide <a href="/wiki/Katabolismo" title="Katabolismo">kataboliko</a> non <a href="/wiki/Glukosa" title="Glukosa">glukosaren</a> degradazioa gertatzen den. Bestalde zitosola erregaien metalekua da. Zelulak erregaiak behar ditu energia sortzeko. Erregaiak disoluzioan dauden molekula txikiak izan daitezke, glukosa, alegia; baina erregaien erreserbak batez ere egitura ez-solugarrien moduan metatzen dira. Horrelako moduan energia-kopuru handia oso bolumen txikian metatzea lortzen da. </p><p>Erreserba-egitura garrantzitsuenak bi dira: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glukogeno" title="Glukogeno">glukogeno</a> pikorrak, <a href="/wiki/Glukosa" title="Glukosa">glukosaren</a> polimero bat</li> <li>lipido-tantak, non <a href="/wiki/Gantz-azido" title="Gantz-azido">gantz azidoak</a> <a href="/wiki/Triglizerido" title="Triglizerido">triglizerido</a> moduan metatzen diren</li></ul> <p>Oso ugariak izan daitezke zenbait zelula-motatan; bereziki lipido-tantek adipozitoetan ia zitoplasma osoa okupatu ahal dute eta organulu bat baino askoz handiagoak izan daitezke. Orokorrean egitura hauek inklusio zitoplasmatikoak deitzen dira: gai espezfikoen metaketak, gehienetan zelularen jarduera biosintetikoaren ondorioz sortuak direnak. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zitoeskeletoa">Zitoeskeletoa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eukarioto&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Zitoeskeletoa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eukarioto&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Zitoeskeletoa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:MEF_microfilaments.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/MEF_microfilaments.jpg/300px-MEF_microfilaments.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/MEF_microfilaments.jpg/450px-MEF_microfilaments.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/MEF_microfilaments.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Aktina" title="Aktina">Aktinazko</a> <a href="/wiki/Mikrofiru" title="Mikrofiru">mikrofiruak</a> falloidinaz tindaturik fibroblasto batean</figcaption></figure> <p>Hasieran <a href="/wiki/Ur" title="Ur">ur</a> <a href="/wiki/Disoluzio" title="Disoluzio">disoluzioa</a> bat besterik ez zela pentsatu zen; zehazki, ia <a href="/wiki/Likido" title="Likido">likidoa</a> den gel moduko disoluzio bat. Disoluzio honetan makromolekulak eta <a href="/wiki/Molekula" title="Molekula">molekula</a> txikiak disolbaturik zeuden. Gaur egun badakigu zitosola oso ondo antolatuta dagoela: sare konplexu bat osatzen duten zuntzez zeharkaturik dago; sare hau <a href="/wiki/Zitoeskeleto" title="Zitoeskeleto">zitoeskeletoa</a> da. Zitoeskeletoa beraz, zitosolaren funtsezko osagaia da: zitoeskeletoari esker zitosoleko osagaiak eta barrunbe honetan gertatzen diren erreakzio eta prozesuak espazialki antolatuta daude, hau da, kokapen espezifikoetan agertzen dira. Gainera itxura ematen dio zelulari, mugimendu zelularrez arduratzen da eta funtsezkoa da zatiketa zelularra burutzeko. Zitoeskeletoa firu proteiko ezberdinez osatuta dago; zehazki hiru firu-mota daude: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mikrotubulu" title="Mikrotubulu">mikrotubuluak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firu_ertain" title="Firu ertain">firu ertainak</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aktina" title="Aktina">aktinazko</a> <a href="/wiki/Mikrofiru" title="Mikrofiru">mikrofiruak</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Garraio_mekanismoak">Garraio mekanismoak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eukarioto&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Garraio mekanismoak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eukarioto&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Garraio mekanismoak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zelula <a class="mw-selflink selflink">eukariotoaren</a> barrunbeak (<a href="/wiki/Zelula_nukleo" title="Zelula nukleo">zelula nukleoa</a>, organulu zitoplasmatikoak eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zitosola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zitosola (sortu gabe)">zitosola</a>) independenteak badira ere, ez dira egitura isolaturik; haien artean ordea elkartrukeak gertatzen ari dira etengabe. Hau ulertzeko kontuan hartu behar dugu barrunbe bakoitzaren osagaiak ez direla sortzen barrunbean bertan, alderantziz, askotan beste lekutan sintetizatzen dira; horregatik mekanismo espezifikoak beharrezkoak dira emandako helmuga batetara heltzeko. </p><p>Nukleoaren proteina guztiak esateko zitosolean ekoizten dira eta gero gaineztadura nuklearra zeharkatu behar dute nukleoan sartzeko. <a href="/wiki/Zelula" title="Zelula">Zelulak</a> garraio-sistema desberdinak erabiltzen ditu <a href="/wiki/Molekula" title="Molekula">molekulak</a> barrunbeen artean elkartrukatzeko. Zenbait organulu, <a href="/wiki/Erretikulu_endoplasmatiko" title="Erretikulu endoplasmatiko">erretikulu endoplasmatikoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Golgi_aparatu" title="Golgi aparatu">Golgiren aparatua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lisosoma" title="Lisosoma">lisosomak</a> eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Endosoma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Endosoma (sortu gabe)">endosomak</a> hain zuzen, besikulen bidez komunikatuta daude: </p> <ul><li>garraio-besikulak askatzen dira barrunbe batetatik (emailetik)</li> <li>fusionatzen dira beste barrunbe batekin (hartzailearekin).</li></ul> <p>Fenomeno honi trafiko besikularra deitzen diogu; oso konplexua da eta oso ondo erregulatuta dago. Garraio-xixkuak beraz, oso ugariak dira edozein animalia <a href="/wiki/Zelula" title="Zelula">zelulatan</a>. Trafiko honetan inplikatutako organuluak etengabe mintz-zatiak elkartrukatzen ari dira, hori dela eta esaten da barne-mintz sistema osatzen dutela<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Barnemintz sistematik kanpo <a href="/wiki/Mitokondrio" title="Mitokondrio">mitokondrioak</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Peroxisoma" title="Peroxisoma">peroxisomak</a> geratzen dira, hori dela eta, organulu hauen mintzetan translokadoreak daude osagai espezifikoen inportazioa burutzeko. Bestalde nukleoa eta zitosolaren arteko elkartrukeak nukleoa inguratzen duen gaineztaduraren egituren bidez burutzen da; horiek nukleo-poroak dira. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mintz_plasmatikoa">Mintz plasmatikoa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eukarioto&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Mintz plasmatikoa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eukarioto&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Mintz plasmatikoa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Sakontzeko, irakurri: «<a href="/wiki/Mintz_plasmatiko" class="mw-redirect" title="Mintz plasmatiko">Mintz plasmatiko</a>»</div> <p>Zelula eukariotoaren zitoplasma mintz plasmatikoak mugatzen du. Mintz plasmatikoa, egiturari dagokionez, berdina da zelula guztietan, baina <a class="mw-selflink selflink">eukariotoetan</a> mintz plasmatikoak oso espezializazio-maila altua lortu du. Gogoratu behar dugu prokariotoetan mintz plasmatikoan burutzen diren prozesu asko, <a href="/wiki/ATP" class="mw-disambig" title="ATP">ATParen</a> sintesia esateko, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">eukariotoetan</a> organulu zitoplasmatikoetan burutzen direla. Oro har esan dezakegu eukariotoen <a href="/wiki/Zelula_mintz" title="Zelula mintz">mintz plasmatikoa</a> batez ere garraio, komunikazio eta adhesio prozesuetan inplikatuta dagoela, hau da, inguruneariko harremanekin zerikusia duten funtzioetan. </p><p>Bestalde <a href="/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia">animali</a> zeluletan mintz plasmatikoak gaitasun bereziki garrantzitsua garatu da: <a href="/wiki/Endozitosi" title="Endozitosi">endozitosi</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Exozitosi" title="Exozitosi">exozitosiaren</a> gaitasuna; hau da, gaiak barneratzea edo kanporatzea mintz-zatiak erabiliz. Endozitatzen diren produktuak batzuetan oso handiak dira eta kasu honetan <a href="/wiki/Fagozitosi" title="Fagozitosi">fagozitosiaz</a> hitz egiten dugu. Prozesu hauek burutzeko <a href="/wiki/Zelula" title="Zelula">zelularen</a> azala oso malgua izan behar da, beraz, animalia <a href="/wiki/Zelula" title="Zelula">zelulak</a> biluziak dira, hau da, ez daukate <a href="/wiki/Zelula_horma" title="Zelula horma">zelula hormarik</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nukleoa">Nukleoa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eukarioto&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Nukleoa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eukarioto&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Nukleoa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Sakontzeko, irakurri: «<a href="/wiki/Zelula_nukleo" title="Zelula nukleo">Zelula nukleo</a>»</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Nucleus_ER.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Nucleus_ER.png/220px-Nucleus_ER.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Nucleus_ER.png/330px-Nucleus_ER.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/Nucleus_ER.png 2x" data-file-width="416" data-file-height="469" /></a><figcaption>(1) <a href="/wiki/Gaineztadura_nuklear" title="Gaineztadura nuklear">Gaineztadura nuklear</a>. (2) <a href="/wiki/Erribosoma" title="Erribosoma">Erribosomak</a>. (3) <a href="/wiki/Poro_nuklear" title="Poro nuklear">Poro nuklearrak</a> . (4) <a href="/wiki/Nukleolo" title="Nukleolo">Nukleoloa</a>. (5) <a href="/wiki/Kromatina" title="Kromatina">Kromatina</a>. (6) <a href="/wiki/Zelula_nukleo" title="Zelula nukleo">Zelula nukleoa</a>. (7) <a href="/wiki/Erretikulu_endoplasmatiko" title="Erretikulu endoplasmatiko">Erretikulu endoplasmatikoa</a>. (8) <a href="/wiki/Nukleoplasma" title="Nukleoplasma">Nukleoplasma</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Nukleoan <a href="/wiki/Azido_desoxirribonukleiko" title="Azido desoxirribonukleiko">DNA</a> <a href="/wiki/Zelula" title="Zelula">zelular</a> gehiena gordetzen da (baina ez guztia) eta <a href="/wiki/Zitoplasma" title="Zitoplasma">zitoplasmatik</a> banatuta dago gaineztadura nuklearra izeneko bi mintzez osatutako egituraren bidez Egitura honi esker gai genetikoa <a href="/wiki/Zitoplasma" title="Zitoplasma">zitoplasman</a> burutzen den jarduera metabolikotik eta mugimendu <a href="/wiki/Zitoplasma" title="Zitoplasma">zitoplasmatikoetatik</a> babestuta dago<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Zelula eukariotikoaren <a href="/wiki/Azido_desoxirribonukleiko" title="Azido desoxirribonukleiko">DNA</a> kopurua oso altua da; giza <a href="/wiki/Zelula" title="Zelula">zelula</a> tipiko batek esate baterako, <a href="/wiki/Bakterio" title="Bakterio">bakterio</a> batek baino 1.000 aldiz <a href="/wiki/Azido_desoxirribonukleiko" title="Azido desoxirribonukleiko">DNA</a> gehiago izaten du. Bestalde informazio genetikoa <a href="/wiki/Azido_desoxirribonukleiko" title="Azido desoxirribonukleiko">DNA</a> molekula desberdinetan gordetzen da. <a href="/wiki/Azido_desoxirribonukleiko" title="Azido desoxirribonukleiko">DNA</a> molekula eukariotikoak oso luzeak dira eta beti <a href="/wiki/Proteina" title="Proteina">proteina</a> espezifikoekin (<a href="/wiki/Histona" title="Histona">histonak</a> izeneko proteinekin hain zuzen) elkartuta daude; elkarte honi <a href="/wiki/Kromosoma" title="Kromosoma">kromosoma</a> deitzen diogu: DNA molekula bat gehi proteinak. Nukleoan kromosoma batzuk biltzen dira baina <a href="/wiki/Zelula" title="Zelula">zelula</a> zatiketan ez dagoenean hauek ez dira egitura trinkoak eta ez dira bereizten; hori dela eta kromosoma-multzo hau izendatzeko askotan beste termino bat erabiltzen da: <a href="/wiki/Kromatina" title="Kromatina">kromatina</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kromatina" title="Kromatina">Kromatinaz</a> gain nukleoaren barruan beste egitura bat bereizten da: <a href="/wiki/Nukleolo" title="Nukleolo">nukleoloa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erribosoma" title="Erribosoma">erribosomak</a> ekoizteko zentroa. Jarduera nuklearrari dagokionez esan behar dugu nukleoan <a href="/wiki/Azido_erribonukleiko" title="Azido erribonukleiko">RNA</a> sintesia burutzen dela baina ez proteinen sintesia; beraz, gene-adierazpenaren bi prozesuak, <a href="/wiki/Transkripzio_(argipena)" class="mw-disambig" title="Transkripzio (argipena)">transkripzioa</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Itzulpengintza" title="Itzulpengintza">itzulpena</a>, banatuta daude; <a href="/wiki/Prokarioto" title="Prokarioto">prokariotoetan</a> ordea aldi berean gertatzen dira. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ugalketa">Ugalketa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eukarioto&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ugalketa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eukarioto&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Ugalketa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mitosia">Mitosia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eukarioto&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Mitosia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eukarioto&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Mitosia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Sakontzeko, irakurri: «<a href="/wiki/Mitosi" title="Mitosi">Mitosi</a>»</div> <p>Ikuspuntu funtzionaletik ere <a href="/wiki/Zelula" title="Zelula">zelula</a> eukariotoa oso konplexua da. Zelula eukariotoaren funtzioak sakonki aztertuko ditugu ondorengo kapituluetan, hemen bakarrik oinarrizko funtzio bat aipatuko dugu: <a href="/wiki/Ugalketa" title="Ugalketa">ugalketa</a>. Zelula eukariotoek prozesu bat asmatu dute gai genetikoa banatzeko: <a href="/wiki/Mitosi" title="Mitosi">mitosia</a>. Mitosian <a href="/wiki/Azido_desoxirribonukleiko" title="Azido desoxirribonukleiko">DNA</a> molekulak paketatzen dira egitura trinkoak (kromosoma mitotikoak, bi kromatidez osatuak) sortzeko. Gero, <a href="/wiki/Zitoeskeleto" title="Zitoeskeleto">zitoeskeletoari</a> esker, kromosomak bi multzotan banatzen dira bi zelula alaba genetikoki berdinak sortzeko. Mekanismo honen bidez zelula eukariotoak ugaltzen dira. Hau <a href="/wiki/Ugalketa_asexuala" class="mw-redirect" title="Ugalketa asexuala">ugalketa asexuala</a> dugu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Meiosia">Meiosia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eukarioto&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Meiosia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eukarioto&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Meiosia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Sakontzeko, irakurri: «<a href="/wiki/Meiosi" title="Meiosi">Meiosi</a>»</div> <p>Hala ere eukariotoek beste ugalketa-mota asmatu dute non bi <a href="/wiki/Zelula" title="Zelula">zelula</a> batzen dira zelula alaba genetikoki desberdinak sortzeko: <a href="/wiki/Ugalketa_sexuala" class="mw-redirect" title="Ugalketa sexuala">ugalketa sexuala</a> <a href="/wiki/Meiosi" title="Meiosi">meiosiaren</a> bidez. Fenomeno hau ikuspuntu ebolutibotik oso garrantzitsua izan da izaki eukariotikoen aniztasun harrigarria sortzeko<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. <a href="/wiki/Meiosia" class="mw-redirect" title="Meiosia">Meiosia</a> zelula <a href="/wiki/Diploide" title="Diploide">diploide</a> bakar batetik lau <a href="/wiki/Gameto" title="Gameto">gameto</a> sortzen dituen <a href="/wiki/Zelula_ziklo" title="Zelula ziklo">zelularen zatiketa</a> mekanismoa da. Gametoek parte hartzen duten ugalketa motari deritzo ere, bertako zelula sexualak meiosi bidez lortzen direlarik, ausaz <a href="/wiki/Kromosoma_homologo" title="Kromosoma homologo">kromosoma homologoek</a> <i>crossing over</i> eginez eta kromosoma ezberdinak lortuz. </p><p>Meiosiaren helburua kromosomen erdiak dituzten zelulak sortaraztea da eta bi zatitan bana daiteke prozesua: lehen zatiketa meiotikoa (I. Meiosia) eta bigarren zatiketa meiotikoa (II. Meiosia). Prozesu meiotikoan zelula diploide batetik (2n) bi zatiketen bidez lau zelula haploide (n) sortzen dira. Lehen zatiketan bi zelula diploide lortzen dira (2n) eta bigarrenean bi zelula diploidetik (2n) lau gameto haploideak (n) agertzen dira. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eukarioto_motak">Eukarioto motak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eukarioto&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Eukarioto motak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eukarioto&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Eukarioto motak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Landare_zelulak">Landare zelulak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eukarioto&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Landare zelulak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eukarioto&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Landare zelulak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Plant_cell_structure-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Plant_cell_structure-en.svg/220px-Plant_cell_structure-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Plant_cell_structure-en.svg/330px-Plant_cell_structure-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Plant_cell_structure-en.svg/440px-Plant_cell_structure-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="649" data-file-height="475" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Landare_zelula" title="Landare zelula">Landare zelula</a> baten oinarrizko egitura</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Zelula" title="Zelula">Zelula</a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">eukariotoa</a> deskribatzeko animalia <a href="/wiki/Zelula" title="Zelula">zelula</a> eredutzat hartu egin dugu. Landare-<a href="/wiki/Zelula" title="Zelula">zelularen</a> antolamendua funtsean antzekoa da baina zenbait ezaugarri espezifiko aipa daitezke. Tamainari dagokionez gehienetan landare-zelulak animalia <a href="/wiki/Zelula" title="Zelula">zelulak</a> baino handiagoak dira. Bestalde zelularen egiturari dagokionez landare-zelulek osagai espezifiko batzuk izaten dituzte; garrantzitsuenak <a href="/wiki/Zelula_horma" title="Zelula horma">zelula horma</a>, bakuolak eta <a href="/wiki/Kloroplasto" title="Kloroplasto">kloroplastoak</a> dira. <a href="/wiki/Zelula_horma" title="Zelula horma">Zelula horma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zelula_mintz" title="Zelula mintz">mintz plasmatikoaren</a> gainetik dagoen egitura zurruna da, bere osagai nagusia <a href="/wiki/Zelulosa" title="Zelulosa">zelulosa</a> izanik (glukosaren polimero bat). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bakuolo" title="Bakuolo">Bakuolak</a> likidoz betetako barrunbeak dira, funtzio askotan inplikatuta daudenak. Bat baino gehiago egon daitezke, baina askotan landare-zelularen <a href="/wiki/Zitoplasma" title="Zitoplasma">zitoplasma</a> osoa bakuola handi batez okupatuta dago. Bakuolaren barruan <a href="/wiki/Presio_osmotiko" title="Presio osmotiko">presio osmotikoa</a> oso altua da eta hori dela eta oso garrantzitsua da zelularen <a href="/wiki/Bolumena" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Bolumena">bolumena</a> kontrolatzeko. Horrez gain bakuolak erabiltzen dira hainbat <a href="/wiki/Molekula" title="Molekula">molekula</a> metatzeko eta degradazio-prozesuak burutzeko, hau da, bakuolek jarduera lisosomikoa ere aurkezten dute. Kloroplastoak <a href="/wiki/Fotosintesi" title="Fotosintesi">fotosintesia</a> burutzeko erabiltzen diren organulu zitoplasmatikoak dira. </p><p>Egiturari dagokionez <a href="/wiki/Kloroplasto" title="Kloroplasto">kloroplastoak</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Mitokondrio" title="Mitokondrio">mitokondrioak</a> oso antzekoak dira: mintz bikoitz batez mugatuta daude, barruan mintz asko daude, <a href="/wiki/Tilakoide" title="Tilakoide">tilakoideak</a>, non konplexu fotosintetikoak kokatuta dauden, eta gainera organuluak bere <a href="/wiki/Genoma" title="Genoma">genoma</a> propioa dauka. Konplexu fotosintetikoetan fotosintesia burutzeko entzima eta eragile guztiak bilduta daude, horien artean <a href="/wiki/Klorofila" title="Klorofila">klorofila</a> pigmentua. Pigmentu hau ezinbestekoa da argi-energia harrapatzeko eta bere presentziagatik <a href="/wiki/Kloroplasto" title="Kloroplasto">kloroplastoak</a> eta hortaz landare-zelulak ere berde kolorekoak dira. Azpimarratu behar da <a href="/wiki/Kloroplasto" title="Kloroplasto">kloroplastoak</a> ez direla agertzen <a href="/wiki/Landare_zelula" title="Landare zelula">landare-zelula</a> guztietan, bakarrik fotosintesia gertatzen deneko zeluletan; dena den <a href="/wiki/Kloroplasto" title="Kloroplasto">kloroplastoen</a> antzeko organuluak agertzen dira. Izan ere <a href="/wiki/Kloroplasto" title="Kloroplasto">kloroplastoak</a> organulu-familia handi baten partaideak dira; plastoak izeneko familia hain zuzen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eukarioto_zelulabakarrak">Eukarioto zelulabakarrak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eukarioto&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Eukarioto zelulabakarrak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eukarioto&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Eukarioto zelulabakarrak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Izaki eukariotiko asko, <a href="/wiki/Prokarioto" title="Prokarioto">prokariotoak</a> bezala, zelula bakar batez osatuta daude, hauek <a class="mw-selflink selflink">eukarioto</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zelulabakarra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zelulabakarra (sortu gabe)">zelulabakarrak</a> ditugu. <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Eukarioto</a> <a href="/wiki/Zelulabakar" class="mw-redirect" title="Zelulabakar">zelulabakarrek</a> osatzen duten taldeak protistoak du izena. Protistoak <a href="/wiki/Bakterio" title="Bakterio">bakterioak</a> baino askoz konplexuagoak dira, hala ere mikroskopikoak dira, beraz, bakterioak bezala, <a href="/wiki/Mikrobio" title="Mikrobio">mikroorganismoak</a> dira. </p><p>Protistoek aniztasun harrigarria aurkezte dute. Konplexuenak <a href="/wiki/Protozoo" title="Protozoo">protozooak</a> dira<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Protozooek, zelulabakarrak izan arren, animaliak gogorarazten dizkigute: mugikorrak, oso aktiboak, eta asko harrapakariak dira. Nahiko handiak dira (zelula eukariotio tipiko batekin konparatuz) eta euren anatomia oso konplexua da: oso egitura espezializatuak azaltzen dituzte (<a href="/wiki/Flagelo" title="Flagelo">flageloak</a>, ile sentikorrak, hanka itxurako apendizeak, aho-egiturak, muskuluen antzeko egitura uzkurkorrak, eta abar). </p><p>Diatomeak, beste protisto talde bat, ez dira mugikorrak, fotosintetizatzaileak dira, eta zelula silizez osatutako kutxa batean sartuta dago. <a href="/wiki/Legamia" title="Legamia">Legamiak</a> onddoen antzekoak dira (mugiezinak, ezfotosintetizatzaileak) eta egiturari dagokionez oso sinpleak dira; izan ere <a href="/wiki/Legamia" title="Legamia">legamiak</a> <a href="/wiki/Zelula" title="Zelula">zelula</a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">eukariotorik</a> sinpleentzat har ditzakegu. Ezaugarri honengatik hain zuzen, <a href="/wiki/Legamia" title="Legamia">legamiak</a>, eta zehazki <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> <a href="/wiki/Legamia" title="Legamia">legamia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ogia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ogia">ogia</a> egiteko erabiltzen dena), oso erabilgarriak suertatu dira zelula eukariotoaren prozesu konplexuak ikertzeko: ziklo zelularraren kontrola esate baterako zelula hauetan agerian jartzea lortu da. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organismo_zelula_anitzak">Organismo zelula anitzak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eukarioto&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Organismo zelula anitzak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eukarioto&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Organismo zelula anitzak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Hefezellen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Hefezellen.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="165" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Legamia" title="Legamia">Legami</a> baten mikrografia</figcaption></figure> <p>Organismo zelulabakarrez gain, zelula <a class="mw-selflink selflink">eukariotoa</a> izaki multizelularrak sortzeko gai izan da; izaki hauek <a href="/wiki/Eboluzio" title="Eboluzio">eboluzioan</a> zehar gero eta konplexuago bihurtu dira goi-mailako <a href="/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia">animalia</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Landare" title="Landare">landareak</a> eman arte. Elkarte zelularrik sinpleenak koloniak dira. Kolonia batean zelula guztiak oso antzekoak dira; gainera kolonia desantola daiteke eta askatzen diren zelulak indibidualki bizi daitezke. Benetako organismo multizelularrak koloniak baino konplexuagoak dira; elkartzen diren zelulek funtzio espezializatuak betetzen baitituzte. </p><p>Bestalde organismo zelulanitza elkarte iraunkorra da: zelulak lotuta mantentzen dira haien artean adhesio-mekanismo espezifikoen bidez. Gainera, animalien kasuan, zelulez gai beste elementu bat oso garrantzitsua da: matrize estrazelularra, zelulen artean dagoen gai azelularra. Zelulak eta matrize estrazelularra modu espezifikoetan antolatzen dira ehunak sortzeko. <a href="/wiki/Ehun" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Ehun">Ehunak</a> funtsean mota bereko zelulez osatuta daude eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Matrize_estrazelular&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matrize estrazelular (sortu gabe)">matrize estrazelular</a> espezifiko bat aurkezten dute. Oinarrizko ehuna, animalia guztietan agertzen dena, epitelio-ehuna da; izan ere animalia sinpleenak (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Korala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Korala (sortu gabe)">koralak</a> esate baterako) bakarrik orri epitelialez daude osatuta. Epitelioak orri zelularrak dira non zelulak modu ordenatu batean kokatuta dauden. </p><p>Goi-mailako animalietan ehun-mota asko eta <a href="/wiki/Zelula" title="Zelula">zelula</a>-mota asko daude: ugaztunetan 200 zelula-mota desberdin baino gehiago deskribatu egin dira. <a href="/wiki/Zelula" title="Zelula">Zelula</a>-mota bakoitzak bere funtzio espezifikoa izaten du eta hau bere morfologian islatzen da. Argi dago <a class="mw-selflink selflink">eukariotoek</a> lortu egin duten konplexutasun-maila harrigarria dela. Hala ere ez dugu ahaztu behar, hain izaki konplexuak izan arren, azken finean zelula bakar batetatik sortuak direla, zelula hori <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zigotoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zigotoa (sortu gabe)">zigotoa</a> da. Hau da, organismo osoa garatzeko informazioa <a href="/wiki/Zelula" title="Zelula">zelula</a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">eukarioto</a> bakar batean gordetzen da. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eboluzioa_eta_jatorriak">Eboluzioa eta jatorriak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eukarioto&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Eboluzioa eta jatorriak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eukarioto&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Eboluzioa eta jatorriak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zelula eukariotoak duela mila miloi urte sortu zirela pentsatzen da<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Lehenengo izaki eukariotoak <a href="/wiki/Zelulabakar" class="mw-redirect" title="Zelulabakar">zelulabakarrak</a> ziren (<a href="/wiki/Protisto" title="Protisto">protistak</a>). Eukariotoen sailkapena asko aldatu da azken urteetan<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fosilak">Fosilak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eukarioto&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Fosilak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eukarioto&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Fosilak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Eocyte_hypothesis.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Eocyte_hypothesis.png/220px-Eocyte_hypothesis.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Eocyte_hypothesis.png/330px-Eocyte_hypothesis.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Eocyte_hypothesis.png/440px-Eocyte_hypothesis.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="330" /></a><figcaption>Hiru domeinuen sistema eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eozito_hipotesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eozito hipotesia (sortu gabe)">Eozito hipotesiaren</a> arteko aldea<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Zelula eukariotikoaren jatorria <a href="/wiki/Bizitzaren_eboluzioa" class="mw-redirect" title="Bizitzaren eboluzioa">bizitzaren eboluzioaren</a> barruko mugarri bat izan zen, eukariotoak zelula konplexu eta organismo zelulaniztun guztiak barnebiltzen dituztelako. Hala ere, gertakarien kronologia ezartzea oso ariketa zaila da; Knollek 2006an proposatu zuen orian dela 1.600 eta 2.100 milioi urte artean gertatu zela. <a href="/wiki/Akritarko" title="Akritarko">Akritarko</a> batzuk orain dela 1.650 milio urte jada existitzen ziren, eta baliteke <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grypania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grypania (sortu gabe)">Grypania</a></i> alga orain dela 2.100 milioi urte bizi izana<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geosiphon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geosiphon (sortu gabe)">Geosiphon</a></i>en antza duen <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskagma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diskagma (sortu gabe)">Diskagma</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Onddo" title="Onddo">onddo</a> fosila aurkitu da orain dela 2.200 milioi urteko <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paleozoru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paleozoru (sortu gabe)">paleozoru</a> batean<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Egitura bizidun antolatuak aurkitu dira <a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabongo</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francevillian_B_Formazioa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francevillian B Formazioa (sortu gabe)">Francevillian B Formazioko</a> <a href="/wiki/Eskisto" title="Eskisto">eskisto</a> beltz <a href="/wiki/Paleoproterozoiko" title="Paleoproterozoiko">Paleoproterozoikoan</a>, orain dela 2.100 milioi urtekoak. Bizitza eukariotoa garai horretan eboluzionatzea posible da<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Gaur egungo taldeekin harreman argia duten fosilak orain dela 1.200 milioi urte agertu ziren, <a href="/wiki/Alga_gorri" title="Alga gorri">alga gorrien</a> taldekoak, nahiz eta baliteke <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vindhya_arroa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vindhya arroa (sortu gabe)">Vindhya arroan</a> aurkitu diren filamentu batzuk algak izatea. Hala balitz, orain dela 1.600 edo 1.700 milioi urteko fosilak izango lirateke<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biomarkadore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biomarkadore (sortu gabe)">Biomarkadoreetan</a> oinarrituta oinarrizko eukariotoak lehenago sortu zirela uste da. <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australiako</a> eskistoetan aurkitutako <a href="/wiki/Ziklopentanoperhidrofenantreno" title="Ziklopentanoperhidrofenantreno">ziklopentanoperhidrofenantrenoa</a> dela eta, orain dela 2.700 milioi urte eukariotoak egon zitezkeela proposatu da<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arkeobakterioekin_harremana">Arkeobakterioekin harremana</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eukarioto&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Arkeobakterioekin harremana»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eukarioto&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Arkeobakterioekin harremana"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Collapsed_tree_labels_simplified.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Collapsed_tree_labels_simplified.png/220px-Collapsed_tree_labels_simplified.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Collapsed_tree_labels_simplified.png/330px-Collapsed_tree_labels_simplified.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Collapsed_tree_labels_simplified.png/440px-Collapsed_tree_labels_simplified.png 2x" data-file-width="1122" data-file-height="741" /></a><figcaption>Eukariotoen eta beste bizitza formen arteko harremana erakusten duen <a href="/wiki/Zuhaitz_filogenetiko" class="mw-redirect" title="Zuhaitz filogenetiko">zuhaitz filogenetikoa</a>; eukariotoak gorriz agertzen dira, arkaea berdez eta bakterioak urdinez<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Primordial_biogenesis.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Primordial_biogenesis.svg/220px-Primordial_biogenesis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Primordial_biogenesis.svg/330px-Primordial_biogenesis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Primordial_biogenesis.svg/440px-Primordial_biogenesis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1223" data-file-height="677" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bizitzaren_jatorria" class="mw-redirect" title="Bizitzaren jatorria">Bizitzaren jatorriaren</a> diagrama honetan eukariotoak goiz agertu ziren, eta ez dira prokariotoen ondorio, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Egel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Egel (sortu gabe)">Richard Egelek</a> 2012an proposatu zuen bezala. Ikuspegi honen arabera azken arbasoa oso handi eta konplexua zen<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Nukleoko DNA eta eukariotoen makinaria genetikoak antza handiagoa du Arkeobakterioekin bakterioekin baino; horregatik, proposamen batzuetan arkeoak <a href="/wiki/Neomura" title="Neomura">Neomura</a> kladoan batzen dira eukariotoekin. Beste eremu batzuetan, hala nola mintzaren osaketa, eukariotoak bakterioen antzekoak dira. Hiru proposamen daude hau azaltzeko: </p> <ul><li>Eukariotoak bi zelula osoren fusioaz sortu ziren, non zitoplasma <i><a href="/wiki/Eubacterium" class="mw-redirect" title="Eubacterium">Eubacterium</a></i> batetik sortu zen, eta nukleoa arkeo batetik<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Birus" title="Birus">birus</a> batetik<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> edo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pre-zelula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pre-zelula (sortu gabe)">pre-zelula</a> batetik<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>Eukariotoak Arkaeoatik garatu ziren, eta bakterioen ezaugarriak <a href="/wiki/Endosinbiosi" class="mw-redirect" title="Endosinbiosi">endosinbiositik</a> eskuratu ziren, bakterio jatorriko <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proto-mitokondrio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proto-mitokondrio (sortu gabe)">proto-mitokondrio</a> batetik<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>Eukariotoak eta Archaea modu berezitu batean garatu ziren eubakterio eraldatu batetik.</li></ul> <p>Beste proposamen alternatiboak ere badaude hau azaltzeko: </p> <ul><li>Kronozitoaren hipotesiak esaten du zelula eukariotiko primitibo bat eratu zela arkaea eta bakterio baten endosinbiosiarekin, kronozito deitutako hirugarren zelula baten barruan<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>Arbaso komun unibertsal bat dago eukarioto, bakterio eta arkeoen artean, <a href="/wiki/Iraungitze_masibo" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraungitze masibo">iraungitze masibo</a> bat biziraun zuena eboluzioaren hasierako momentu batean. Eukariotoak eta akariotoak (hau da, bakterio eta arkeoak) ezaugarriak galtzen eboluzionatu zuten<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, eta beraz antzekotasunak jatorrizko ezaugarriak mantentzearen ondorio dira.</li></ul> <p>Beste inongo talderik ez bada sartzen eukariotoen sorreraren hipotesian, hiru aukera daude bakterio, arkaea eta eukariotoen arteko harremanak emateko, talde monofiletikoak direla pentsatzen badugu. Azpiko taulan batetik hirura arte izendatzen dira. Eozitoaren hipotesia 2. hipotesiaren aldaera bat da, non Archaea parafiletikoa den. Taldeen izenak Harish eta Kurlandek 2017an argitaratutako lanetik hartu dira<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Bizitzaren zuhaitzaren erroarentzat emandako hipotesiak </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>1 – Bi inperio</th> <th>2 – Hiru domeinu</th> <th>3 – Gupta</th> <th>4 – Eozito </th></tr> <tr> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9216366">.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{min-width:0.2em;width:0.1em;padding:0 0.15em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label::before,.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel::before{content:"\2060 "}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0 0.15em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}</style> <table class="clade" style="line-height:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">AKU  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9216366"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9216366"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>Archaea </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>Bacteria </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>Eukaryota </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9216366"> <table class="clade" style="line-height:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">AKU  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9216366"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9216366"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>Eukaryota </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>Archaea </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>Bacteria </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9216366"> <table class="clade" style="line-height:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">AKU  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9216366"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9216366"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>Eukaryota </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>Bacteria </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>Archaea </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9216366"> <table class="clade" style="line-height:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">AKU  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9216366"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9216366"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9216366"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>Eukaryota </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>Archaea-Crenarchaeota </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>Archaea-Euryarchaeota </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>Bacteria </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erreferentziak">Erreferentziak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eukarioto&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erreferentziak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eukarioto&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section's source code: Erreferentziak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol 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(2006-10-29). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/361/1474/1787">«From volcanic origins of chemoautotrophic life to Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya»</a> <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences</i> 361 (1474): 1787–1808.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1098%2Frstb.2006.1904">10.1098/rstb.2006.1904</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0962-8436">0962-8436</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17008219">17008219</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2018-03-26)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREF1967-">1967-, Lane, Nick,. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/908425194"><i>The vital question : why is life the way it is?. </i></a> <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/9781781250372" title="Berezi:BookSources/9781781250372">9781781250372</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=908425194">908425194</a>.</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFHartmanFedorov2002-02-05">Hartman, Hyman; Fedorov, Alexei.  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href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biochi.2017.04.013">«Akaryotes and Eukaryotes are independent descendants of a universal common ancestor»</a> <i>Biochimie</i> 138: 168–183.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.biochi.2017.04.013">10.1016/j.biochi.2017.04.013</a></span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2018-03-26)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kanpo_estekak">Kanpo estekak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eukarioto&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kanpo estekak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eukarioto&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section's source code: Kanpo estekak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="clear:both;"></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7786466">.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control{margin-top:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox hr:last-child{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox+.mw-mf-linked-projects{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control,.mw-parser-output .mw-mf-linked-projects{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;font-size:88%}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="mw-authority-control"><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9236167">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Autoritate_kontrola" style="width: inherit;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Autoritate_kontrola" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Autoritate_kontrola" title="Laguntza:Autoritate kontrola">Autoritate kontrola</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Wikimedia proiektuak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19088" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q19088">Q19088</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Eukaryota">Eukaryota</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q19088%22">Q19088</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikispezieak" title="Wikispecies"><img alt="Wikispecies" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/15px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/23px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/30px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></a></span> Espezieak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Eukaryota" class="extiw" title="species:Eukaryota">Eukaryota</a></span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Identifikadoreak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12120745x">12120745x</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12120745x">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4070991-7">4070991-7</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh88003785">sh88003785</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph660332">ph660332</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Art_%26_Architecture_Thesaurus" title="Art & Architecture Thesaurus">AAT</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=&logic=AND&note=&subjectid=300265677">300265677</a></span></li> <li><b>Hiztegiak eta entziklopediak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Britannica</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/eukaryote">url</a></span></li> <li><b>Datu taxonomikoak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=AlgaeBase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AlgaeBase (sortu gabe)">AlgaeBase</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.algaebase.org/browse/taxonomy/detail/?taxonid=86701">https://www.algaebase.org/browse/taxonomy/detail/?taxonid=86701</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">BioLib:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id14783">14783</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EOL</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/2908256">2908256</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=2759">2759</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paleobiology_Database&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paleobiology Database (sortu gabe)">Paleobiology Database</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/0/http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=306691">306691</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">uBio:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ubio.org/browser/details.php?namebankID=5986515">5986515</a></span></li> <li><b>Medikuntzako identifikadoreak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D056890">D056890</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="mw-mf-linked-projects hlist"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19088" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q19088">Q19088</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Eukaryota">Eukaryota</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q19088%22">Q19088</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikispezieak" title="Wikispecies"><img alt="Wikispecies" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/15px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/23px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/30px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></a></span> Espezieak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Eukaryota" class="extiw" title="species:Eukaryota">Eukaryota</a></span></li></ul> </div></div>    </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget \"ErrefAurrebista\" was not loaded. 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