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(PDF) Constitución del Grupo Español de Neurooncología Médica (GENOM) | RICARDO YAYA - Academia.edu

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The focus is on the application of radiopharmaceuticals as therapeuticals. In addition, the latest developments in cell biology (the understanding of the cell structure, function, metabolism, genetics, signaling, transformation) have given a strong scientific boost to radiation oncology. In this regard, the article discusses what is soon going to be a new jump in radiation oncology based on the already accumulated considerable knowledge at the cellular level about the mechanisms of cell transformation and tumor progression, cell response to radiation, cell resistance to apoptosis and radiation and cell radio-sensitivity. The mechanisms of resistance of tumor cells to radiation and the genetically determined individual sensitivity to radiation in patients (which creates the risk of radiation-induced acute and late side effects) are the 2 major challenges to overcome in modern nuc...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal&quot;,&quot;work_title&quot;:&quot;Prospects for Radiopharmaceuticals as Effective and Safe Therapeutics in Oncology and Challenges of Tumor Resistance to Radiotherapy&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:82016388,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;work_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/73528534/Prospects_for_Radiopharmaceuticals_as_Effective_and_Safe_Therapeutics_in_Oncology_and_Challenges_of_Tumor_Resistance_to_Radiotherapy&quot;,&quot;alternativeTracking&quot;:true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/73528534/Prospects_for_Radiopharmaceuticals_as_Effective_and_Safe_Therapeutics_in_Oncology_and_Challenges_of_Tumor_Resistance_to_Radiotherapy"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="41114210" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41114210/Targets_for_improving_tumor_response_to_radiotherapy">Targets for improving tumor response to radiotherapy</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="652424" href="https://kums.academia.edu/MasoudNajafi">Masoud Najafi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Radiotherapy is one of the most common treatment modalities for controlling a wide range of tumors. However, it has been shown that radiotherapy alone is unable to completely eradicate some tumors and could be associated with a high possibility of tumor recurrence. To date, various experimental and clinical studies have been conducted to explore some efficient targets within tumor microenvironment (TME) to enhance tumor response to radiotherapy; thus help eliminate or eradicate tumors. Although targeting DNA damage responses (DDRs) is associated with severe toxicities, studies in recent decade suggest that inhibition of some apoptosis/survival targets within TME is promising. This is also associated with changes in the numbers of T regulatory cells (Tregs) and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). The inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and vascular en-dothelial growth factor (VEGF) have also shown promising results. The combination of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitors with radiotherapy is interesting as well as the clinical use of some drugs and antibodies. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors are the most common RTK inhibitors. Some clinical trials in recent years have shown very interesting results for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), especially programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and CTLs-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors. It has been suggested that administration of ICIs during or after hypofractionated radiotherapy could lead to best results. In this review, we explain TME response to radiotherapy and potential targets for sensitization of cancer cells to radiotherapy.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal&quot;,&quot;work_title&quot;:&quot;Targets for improving tumor response to radiotherapy&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:61368303,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;work_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/41114210/Targets_for_improving_tumor_response_to_radiotherapy&quot;,&quot;alternativeTracking&quot;:true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/41114210/Targets_for_improving_tumor_response_to_radiotherapy"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="40885351" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40885351/Targeting_tumor_cells_by_enhancing_radiation_sensitivity">Targeting tumor cells by enhancing radiation sensitivity</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="35284783" href="https://oxford.academia.edu/GilliesMcKenna">Gillies McKenna</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Genes, Chromosomes and Cancer, 2003</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal&quot;,&quot;work_title&quot;:&quot;Targeting tumor cells by enhancing radiation sensitivity&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:61171753,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;work_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/40885351/Targeting_tumor_cells_by_enhancing_radiation_sensitivity&quot;,&quot;alternativeTracking&quot;:true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/40885351/Targeting_tumor_cells_by_enhancing_radiation_sensitivity"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="63313472" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/63313472/Radiogenic_therapy_novel_approaches_for_enhancing_tumor_radiosensitivity">Radiogenic therapy: novel approaches for enhancing tumor radiosensitivity</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="46437604" href="https://independent.academia.edu/McKeownStephanie">Stephanie McKeown</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Technology in cancer research &amp; treatment, 2005</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Radiotherapy (RT) is a well established modality for treating many forms of cancer. However, despite many improvements in treatment planning and delivery, the total radiation dose is often too low for tumor cure, because of the risk of normal tissue damage. Gene therapy provides a new adjunctive strategy to enhance the effectiveness of RT, offering the potential for preferential killing of cancer cells and sparing of normal tissues. This specificity can be achieved at several levels including restricted vector delivery, transcriptional targeting and specificity of the transgene product. This review will focus on those gene therapy strategies that are currently being evaluated in combination with RT, including the use of radiation sensitive promoters to control the timing and location of gene expression specifically within tumors. Therapeutic transgenes chosen for their radiosensitizing properties will also be reviewed, these include: gene correction therapy, in which normal copies o...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal&quot;,&quot;work_title&quot;:&quot;Radiogenic therapy: novel approaches for enhancing tumor radiosensitivity&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:75785554,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;work_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/63313472/Radiogenic_therapy_novel_approaches_for_enhancing_tumor_radiosensitivity&quot;,&quot;alternativeTracking&quot;:true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/63313472/Radiogenic_therapy_novel_approaches_for_enhancing_tumor_radiosensitivity"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="15740041" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15740041/New_Paradigms_and_Future_Challenges_in_Radiation_Oncology_An_Update_of_Biological_Targets_and_Technology">New Paradigms and Future Challenges in Radiation Oncology: An Update of Biological Targets and Technology</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34928292" href="https://independent.academia.edu/StanleyLiauw">Stanley Liauw</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Science Translational Medicine, 2013</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal&quot;,&quot;work_title&quot;:&quot;New Paradigms and Future Challenges in Radiation Oncology: An Update of Biological Targets and Technology&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:42915896,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;work_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/15740041/New_Paradigms_and_Future_Challenges_in_Radiation_Oncology_An_Update_of_Biological_Targets_and_Technology&quot;,&quot;alternativeTracking&quot;:true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/15740041/New_Paradigms_and_Future_Challenges_in_Radiation_Oncology_An_Update_of_Biological_Targets_and_Technology"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="98906505" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/98906505/Potential_of_radiosensitizing_agents_in_cancer_chemo_radiotherapy">Potential of radiosensitizing agents in cancer chemo-radiotherapy</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="223926264" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KaushalaPrasadMishra">Kaushala Prasad Mishra</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics, 2005</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal&quot;,&quot;work_title&quot;:&quot;Potential of radiosensitizing agents in cancer chemo-radiotherapy&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:100133240,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;work_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/98906505/Potential_of_radiosensitizing_agents_in_cancer_chemo_radiotherapy&quot;,&quot;alternativeTracking&quot;:true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/98906505/Potential_of_radiosensitizing_agents_in_cancer_chemo_radiotherapy"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View 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ds2-5-body-xs">Medicinal research reviews, 2016</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal&quot;,&quot;work_title&quot;:&quot;Radioprotective Agents: Strategies and Translational Advances&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:91229924,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;work_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/86871754/Radioprotective_Agents_Strategies_and_Translational_Advances&quot;,&quot;alternativeTracking&quot;:true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/86871754/Radioprotective_Agents_Strategies_and_Translational_Advances"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View 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