CINXE.COM

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class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/product-quality" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-201" >Product Quality</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-204" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-207" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/reproduction-and-genetics" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-210" >Reproduction and Genetics</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/manure-and-nutrient-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-213" >Manure and Nutrient Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/facilities-and-technology" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-216" >Facilities and Technology</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-219" >Personal Safety </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-222" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-243" >Goats</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Goats</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-243"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/production-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-246" >Production and Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/product-quality" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-249" >Product Quality</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-252" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-255" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/reproduction-and-genetics" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-258" >Reproduction and Genetics</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/manure-and-nutrient-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-261" >Manure and Nutrient Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/facilities-and-technology" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-264" >Facilities and Technology</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-267" >Personal Safety </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-270" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-291" >Sheep</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Sheep</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-291"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/production-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-294" >Production and Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/product-quality" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-297" >Product Quality</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-300" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-303" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/reproduction-and-genetics" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-306" >Reproduction and Genetics</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/manure-and-nutrient-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-309" >Manure and Nutrient Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/facilities-and-technology" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-312" >Facilities and Technology</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-315" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-318" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-339" >Llamas and Alpacas</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Llamas and Alpacas</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-339"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-348" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-351" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas/manure-and-nutrient-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-357" >Manure and Nutrient Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas/facilities-and-technology" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-360" >Facilities and Technology</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-366" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-2608" >Canine</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Canine</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-2608"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2611" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine/behavior-and-welfare" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2614" >Behavior and Welfare</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2617" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine/reproduction-and-genetics" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2620" >Reproduction and Genetics</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__item  main-menu__item--parent level0"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops" class="main-menu__link menu-link-level-0" data-menu="menu-387" >Forage and Food Crops </a> </div><div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div class="back" data-role="back"><span>Forage and Food Crops </span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div> <div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level1" data-menu="menu-387"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level1 1"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-0" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-390" >Agronomic Crops</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Agronomic Crops</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-390"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-393" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/species-and-varieties" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-396" >Species and Varieties</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/soil-fertility-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-399" >Soil Fertility and Management </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-402" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/weed-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-405" >Weed Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/organic-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-408" >Organic Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/sustainable-agriculture" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-411" >Sustainable Agriculture</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-414" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-417" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-438" >Cover Crops</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Cover Crops</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-438"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-441" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/species-and-varieties" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-444" >Species and Varieties</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/soil-fertility-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-447" >Soil Fertility and Management </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-450" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/weed-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-453" >Weed 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class="back"><span>Dairy Food Processing</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-1254"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/dairy-food-processing" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/food-safety-and-quality/dairy-food-processing/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-1257" >Business Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a 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Systems</strong> </li> </ul></nav> <div class="widget block block-static-block"><div data-content-type="html" data-appearance="default" data-element="main" data-decoded="true"><style> @media print { .noprint { display: none !important; } } </style></div></div> <div class="widget block block-static-block"><div data-content-type="html" data-appearance="default" data-element="main" data-decoded="true"><style> @media print { .noprint { display: none !important; } } </style></div></div><main id="maincontent" class="page-main"> <a id="contentarea" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="parent-category-name">Wastewater Management</span> <div class="page-title-wrapper"><h1 class="page-title" id="page-title-heading" aria-labelledby="page-title-heading toolbar-amount" ><span class="base" data-ui-id="page-title-wrapper" >Private Septic Systems</span></h1> </div><div class="page messages"> <div data-placeholder="messages"></div> <div data-bind="scope: 'messages'"><div aria-atomic="true" role="alert" class="messages" data-bind="foreach: { data: cookieMessagesObservable(), as: 'message' }"><div data-bind="attr: { class: 'message-' + message.type + ' ' + message.type + ' message', 'data-ui-id': 'message-' + message.type }"><div data-bind="html: $parent.prepareMessageForHtml(message.text)"></div></div></div><div aria-atomic="true" role="alert" class="messages" data-bind="foreach: { data: messages().messages, as: 'message' }, afterRender: purgeMessages"><div data-bind="attr: { class: 'message-' + message.type + ' ' + message.type + ' message', 'data-ui-id': 'message-' + message.type }"><div data-bind="html: $parent.prepareMessageForHtml(message.text)"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="category-view"> <div class="category-description"><p>Private septic systems are a cost-effective way to treat household wastewater. In this section, find information on wastewater management of private septic systems, including on-lot wastewater systems health, water conservation, filtration, and drip irrigation. Tips on using dyes and tracers to confirm septic system failures – as well as obtaining funding for repairs – can also be found.</p> <h2>Building and Maintaining Private Septic Systems</h2> <p>Private septic systems are common in rural areas. Typically, they consist of two main parts – a septic tank and a drainfield. Before designing and building one, it is important to <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/site-evaluation-for-on-lot-sewage-systems">evaluate the soil properties</a> at the site. Soil evaluation helps increase the likelihood that the system will perform properly for longer.</p> <p>To further ensure new and exciting systems keep operating adequately – as well as to prevent system failure – proper <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/managing-your-on-lot-septic-system">septic system management</a> is required. Homeowners are advised to reduce water use at home, <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/be-careful-of-what-you-flush-avoid-toilet-paper-alternatives">avoid flushing non-degradable items</a> into drains, and refrain from planting trees or shrubs in the drainfield. In addition, the septic tank should be inspected regularly by a professional and pumped out when necessary.</p> <p>Septic system maintenance can also protect drinking water, <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/why-conserve-water">preserve water resources</a> in the community, and save money on replacing system components. If major repairs are needed, homeowners should research various <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/funding-for-private-well-and-septic-system-repairs">financial assistance programs</a> and choose a qualified professional.</p> <p>On this page, access resources on private <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/onlot-septic-proper-care-maintenance-and-alternatives">septic systems care</a>, management, and alternatives. In addition, learn how to <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/home-water-and-septic-workshop">inspect your septic tank</a> and treat water from wells, use dyes to <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/use-of-dyes-and-tracers-to-confirm-septic-system-failures">confirm malfunctions</a>, and protect your system from <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/use-of-dyes-and-tracers-to-confirm-septic-system-failures">flooding</a>.</p> <h2>On-Lot Wastewater Systems: The Basics</h2> <p>On-lot wastewater systems are three-stage treatment systems that include a treatment tank, distribution system (pipes), and soil absorption area.</p> <p>The treatment tank is responsible for removing most of the solids found in the wastewater. The pipes then carry the treatment tank effluent to the soil absorption area, where it can be absorbed into the soil and renovated.</p> <h3>Specifications for Wastewater Systems</h3> <p>In Pennsylvania, <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/on-lot-wastewater-systems-the-basics">design standards</a> for on-lot wastewater systems were established to avoid potential health issues caused by improperly sited or <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/keeping-on-lot-wastewater-systems-healthy">poorly functioning systems</a>. In-ground gravity absorption areas, for instance, can be placed on soils with percolation rates between 6 - 60 minutes per inch and land slopes that do not exceed 25%.</p> <p>Sites with slower or faster percolation rates will require more complex distribution systems such as <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/elevated-sand-mounds-for-on-lot-wastewater-treatment">elevated sand mounds</a>. Alternatives, such as <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/at-grade-and-shallow-at-grade-on-lot-systems">at-grade systems</a>, are available, as well.</p> <p>Secondary, or biological, <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/on-lot-filtration-and-advanced-treatment-units">wastewater treatment</a> can be achieved through various filtration or advanced treatment units (FATU). FATUs approved for use in PA are designed to either pass wastewater through an aerobic layer of media or treat the flowing wastewater as it comes into contact with the media.</p> <h2>On-Lot Wastewater Inspections</h2> <p>During <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/on-lot-wastewater-inspections-during-real-estate-transactions">real estate transactions</a>, many homeowners are concerned about whether the wastewater system is properly located and maintained. In Pennsylvania, on-lot wastewater systems are typically inspected by a local Sewage Enforcement Officer (SEO) or an inspector certified by the <a href="http://www.psma.net/">PA Septage Management Association (PSMA)</a>.</p> <p>SEOs are focused on system malfunctions, as well as permitting and overseeing the installation of new on-lot sewage systems. <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/psma-on-lot-wastewater-treatment-inspection-vs-a-regulatory-inspection">PSMA-certified inspectors</a>, including most septic tank pumpers, focus on the overall health and condition of the system. They are trained to recognize impending malfunctions and examine septic tanks to ensure all baffles and pipes are functioning correctly.</p> <p>In this section, explore Penn State Extension’s resources on maintaining private septic systems. Realtors can further find valuable information on <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/helping-realtors-understand-on-lot-wastewater-inspections">understanding on-lot wastewater inspections</a> and the outcomes that can be expected.</p></div> </div><div class="columns"><div class="sidebar sidebar-main"> <div class="block filter" id="layered-filter-block" data-mage-init='{"collapsible":{"openedState": "active", "collapsible": true, "active": false, "collateral": { "openedState": "filter-active", "element": "body" } }}'> <div class="block-title filter-title" data-count="0"><strong data-role="title">Narrow By</strong></div><div class="block-content filter-content"> <strong role="heading" aria-level="2" class="block-subtitle filter-subtitle">Narrow By:</strong> <div class="filter-options" id="narrow-by-list" data-role="content" data-mage-init='{"accordion":{"openedState": "active", "collapsible": true, "active": [0,1,2], "multipleCollapsible": true}}'> <div data-role="collapsible" 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srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/c/d/cd882a737c9ae51b7bc7e1c6b2ad593b.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/c/d/cd882a737c9ae51b7bc7e1c6b2ad593b.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/c/d/cd882a737c9ae51b7bc7e1c6b2ad593b.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Septic system components. Photo: George Hurd"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-6664667b3f1b27bb7c { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-6664667b3f1b27bb7c span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-6664667b3f1b27bb7c span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="805"></span> News</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/celebrating-world-toilet-day">Celebrating World Toilet Day</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute publish_date'><span class='label'>Date Posted </span><span class='value'>11/20/2024</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">November 19th was World Toilet Day! This is a United Nations observance day to not only celebrate toilets but also raise awareness about proper sanitation worldwide.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_65747" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/five-basic-practices-to-protect-your-septic-system" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-65747-67b3f1b27c9f5"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/5/7/57e3f1b935b42dede2b83807dbba2d59.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/5/7/57e3f1b935b42dede2b83807dbba2d59.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/5/7/57e3f1b935b42dede2b83807dbba2d59.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Protect your septic system to avoid costly repairs.  Image: Virginia Seas Grant, CC BY-ND 2.0 https://www.flickr.com/photos/60704806@N07/52147451557"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-6574767b3f1b27c9f5 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-6574767b3f1b27c9f5 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-6574767b3f1b27c9f5 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/five-basic-practices-to-protect-your-septic-system">Five Basic Practices to Protect Your Septic System</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Andy Yencha</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Properly designed and installed septic systems can provide years of trouble-free service when following the correct operation and maintenance steps.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_64858" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/septic-system-basics" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-64858-67b3f1b27d99e"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/6/f/6f71665ae358750e63f2893b0f3d8f64.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/6/f/6f71665ae358750e63f2893b0f3d8f64.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/6/f/6f71665ae358750e63f2893b0f3d8f64.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Septic System Basics"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-6485867b3f1b27d99e { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-6485867b3f1b27d99e span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-6485867b3f1b27d99e span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/septic-system-basics">Septic System Basics</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Faith Kibuye</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">This article discusses the components of conventional septic systems and how septic systems treat wastewater.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_21012" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/after-the-flood-recovery-considerations-for-rural-pennsylvanians" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-21012-67b3f1b27e925"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/8/1/81d670c291330256758462ec263669ae.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/8/1/81d670c291330256758462ec263669ae.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/8/1/81d670c291330256758462ec263669ae.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Flooding around your home and on the farm could be leading to issues you need to address. Image Credit: Jennifer Fetter"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-2101267b3f1b27e925 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-2101267b3f1b27e925 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-2101267b3f1b27e925 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/after-the-flood-recovery-considerations-for-rural-pennsylvanians">After the Flood: Recovery Considerations for Rural Pennsylvanians</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Jennifer R Fetter, Leon Ressler, Andy Yencha</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Parts of Pennsylvania were drenched with heavy rains and flooded streams recently. In addition to drying out wet basements, there are few important things that rural Pennsylvanian's might want to pay special attention to.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_3931" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/managing-your-on-lot-septic-system" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-3931-67b3f1b27f6af"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/4/6/46479067fb8ba6ae78b51e1aa5ca3707.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/4/6/46479067fb8ba6ae78b51e1aa5ca3707.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/4/6/46479067fb8ba6ae78b51e1aa5ca3707.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Homeowners should make a map showing the location of the components on their on-lot septic system. Photo: G. Hurd, Penn State Extension"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-393167b3f1b27f6af { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-393167b3f1b27f6af span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-393167b3f1b27f6af span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/managing-your-on-lot-septic-system">Managing Your On-Lot Septic System</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Jennifer R Fetter, George Hurd, Amy Galford</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">About 25 percent of all housing units in Pennsylvania use on-lot septic systems for the treatment and disposal of household wastewater.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_54202" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/what-not-to-flush-keep-your-septic-system-functioning-properly" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-54202-67b3f1b280487"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/9/b/9bb8ac00ba325308203e790eae0a2659.png?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/9/b/9bb8ac00ba325308203e790eae0a2659.png?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/9/b/9bb8ac00ba325308203e790eae0a2659.png?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Think about if what you are flushing should really go into your septic system. iStockphoto"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-5420267b3f1b280487 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-5420267b3f1b280487 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-5420267b3f1b280487 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/what-not-to-flush-keep-your-septic-system-functioning-properly">What Not to Flush – Keep Your Septic System Functioning Properly</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Susan Boser</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">For those who use an on-lot septic system for home wastewater treatment, flushing things that shouldn't go down the toilet can negatively impact the system's functioning.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_30523" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/bacterias-coliformes" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-30523-67b3f1b28121e"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/3/3/3306e91af33de61a61830f3d00600019.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/3/3/3306e91af33de61a61830f3d00600019.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/3/3/3306e91af33de61a61830f3d00600019.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Bacterias Coliformes"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-3052367b3f1b28121e { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-3052367b3f1b28121e span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-3052367b3f1b28121e span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/bacterias-coliformes">Bacterias Coliformes</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Bryan Swistock</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Este artículo describe qué son las bacterias coliformes, de dónde vienen y cómo eliminarlas del agua potable.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_4355" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/septic-tank-pumping" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-4355-67b3f1b282266"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/6/e/6ee1e5752053607fec14bb5d66b0cf7d.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/6/e/6ee1e5752053607fec14bb5d66b0cf7d.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/6/e/6ee1e5752053607fec14bb5d66b0cf7d.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Septic trucks on the road"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-435567b3f1b282266 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-435567b3f1b282266 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-435567b3f1b282266 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/septic-tank-pumping">Septic Tank Pumping</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Albert Jarrett, Ph.D.</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Septic tanks should be inspected and pumped on a regular basis to prevent malfunctions.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_5502" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/why-conserve-water" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-5502-67b3f1b283216"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/f/e/fe2ee81363033fbeb8069374fd86cc68.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/f/e/fe2ee81363033fbeb8069374fd86cc68.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/f/e/fe2ee81363033fbeb8069374fd86cc68.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Why Conserve Water?"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-550267b3f1b283216 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-550267b3f1b283216 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-550267b3f1b283216 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="809"></span> Videos</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/why-conserve-water">Why Conserve Water?</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute length'><span class='label'>Length </span><span class='value'>2:25</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">The video provides information on the importance of water conservation and offers tips on reducing your water usage.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_4618" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/examination-of-failing-private-septic-systems-in-pennsylvania" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-4618-67b3f1b2844a1"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/a/8/a83432f8021c14f97e46698f2bb737ed.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/a/8/a83432f8021c14f97e46698f2bb737ed.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/a/8/a83432f8021c14f97e46698f2bb737ed.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="The distribution of On-lot Septic Systems in 1990"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-461867b3f1b2844a1 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-461867b3f1b2844a1 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-461867b3f1b2844a1 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/examination-of-failing-private-septic-systems-in-pennsylvania">Examination of Failing Private Septic Systems in Pennsylvania</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Rick Day, Ph.D.</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Results of a 2006 Penn State study on the condition of septic systems statewide, funded by a grant from the Center for Rural Pennsylvania.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_2630" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/funding-for-private-well-and-septic-system-repairs" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-2630-67b3f1b28523b"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/d/c/dc8195cb499a0240c7babe3b015e2ac8.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/d/c/dc8195cb499a0240c7babe3b015e2ac8.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/d/c/dc8195cb499a0240c7babe3b015e2ac8.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Newly installed three chamber septic and pump tank (Photo by Amy Galford)"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-263067b3f1b28523b { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-263067b3f1b28523b span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-263067b3f1b28523b span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/funding-for-private-well-and-septic-system-repairs">Funding for Private Well and Septic System Repairs</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Amy Galford</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Major repairs or replacement of septic system and drinking water wells can be costly, but there are sources of financial assistance for homeowners.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_2651" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/protecting-your-septic-system-from-flooding" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-2651-67b3f1b28622a"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/e/3/e378cb2a49f91edf7a537bb311ddedcd.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/e/3/e378cb2a49f91edf7a537bb311ddedcd.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/e/3/e378cb2a49f91edf7a537bb311ddedcd.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="There are steps that you can take to help prevent issues, like septic waste backing up into your home during flooding. Photo: "Yard Flooding" by Editor B is licensed under CC BY 2.0."/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-265167b3f1b28622a { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-265167b3f1b28622a span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-265167b3f1b28622a span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/protecting-your-septic-system-from-flooding">Protecting Your Septic System from Flooding</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Jennifer R Fetter, George Hurd</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Although your septic system may work well during dry weather, too much water from flooding or heavy rains can cause problems.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_2841" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/coliform-bacteria" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-2841-67b3f1b286fcd"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/8/1/8124a427a6c90318ab57d31a313d90ed.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/8/1/8124a427a6c90318ab57d31a313d90ed.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/8/1/8124a427a6c90318ab57d31a313d90ed.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Coliform Bacteria"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-284167b3f1b286fcd { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-284167b3f1b286fcd span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-284167b3f1b286fcd span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/coliform-bacteria">Coliform Bacteria</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Bryan Swistock, William Sharpe, Ph.D.</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">This article describes what coliform bacteria are, where they come from and how to remove them from drinking water.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_4605" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/water-conservation-how-much-water-and-money-can-you-save" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-4605-67b3f1b287d77"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/1/6/16267e39f72393bf18446ca195359c77.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/1/6/16267e39f72393bf18446ca195359c77.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/1/6/16267e39f72393bf18446ca195359c77.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Water Conservation - How Much Water and Money Can You Save?"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-460567b3f1b287d77 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-460567b3f1b287d77 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-460567b3f1b287d77 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/water-conservation-how-much-water-and-money-can-you-save">Water Conservation - How Much Water and Money Can You Save?</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Bryan Swistock</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Determine how much water you currently use and the amount of water and money you could save by installing water-conserving devices.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_3508" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/creating-an-infiltration-surface" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-3508-67b3f1b288b21"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/i/m/image_1855.jpg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/i/m/image_1855.jpg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/i/m/image_1855.jpg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Creating an Infiltration Surface"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-350867b3f1b288b21 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-350867b3f1b288b21 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-350867b3f1b288b21 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/creating-an-infiltration-surface">Creating an Infiltration Surface</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Albert Jarrett, Ph.D.</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Information for contractors to properly build an infiltration surface; the soil surface where stormwater or wastewater is expected to enter the soil profile.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_21450" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/pennsylvania-farm-a-syst-worksheet-5-milkhouse-waste-management" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-21450-67b3f1b289998"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/f/6/f6b04266ec369fe1d1de1febd7409e5b.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/f/6/f6b04266ec369fe1d1de1febd7409e5b.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/f/6/f6b04266ec369fe1d1de1febd7409e5b.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Pennsylvania Farm-A-Syst Worksheet 5: Milkhouse Waste Management"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-2145067b3f1b289998 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-2145067b3f1b289998 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-2145067b3f1b289998 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/pennsylvania-farm-a-syst-worksheet-5-milkhouse-waste-management">Pennsylvania Farm-A-Syst Worksheet 5: Milkhouse Waste Management</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Jerry Martin, Douglas Beegle, Ph.D.</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">This publication helps farmers evaluate groundwater and surface water protection related to milkhouse wastewater conditions and management practices.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_22655" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/watershed-decisions" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-22655-67b3f1b28a7a9"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/c/b/cbc44a326a48c99d7b992f2ac3278eaf.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/c/b/cbc44a326a48c99d7b992f2ac3278eaf.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/c/b/cbc44a326a48c99d7b992f2ac3278eaf.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Watershed Decisions Activity Kit"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-2265567b3f1b28a7a9 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-2265567b3f1b28a7a9 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-2265567b3f1b28a7a9 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="808"></span> Guides and Publications</div> <div class="price-box price-final_price" data-role="priceBox" data-product-id="22655" data-price-box="product-id-22655"> <span class="price-container price-final_price tax weee" > <span id="product-price-22655" data-price-amount="39" data-price-type="finalPrice" class="price-wrapper " ><span class="price">$39.00</span></span> </span> </div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/watershed-decisions">Watershed Decisions Activity Kit</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> </div> <div class="product-short-description">A hands-on, inquiry based activity kit that helps older youth and adults learn about water quality issues in small watersheds and the decision making processes that go into improving those water quality issues.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_18280" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/pennsylvania-farm-a-syst-worksheet-3-household-wastewater-treatment-system" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-18280-67b3f1b28bbbe"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/4/8/4881622bfb2cb9c4a6e8328e3f10464b_1.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/4/8/4881622bfb2cb9c4a6e8328e3f10464b_1.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/4/8/4881622bfb2cb9c4a6e8328e3f10464b_1.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Pennsylvania Farm-A-Syst: Worksheet 3: Household Wastewater Treatment System"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-1828067b3f1b28bbbe { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-1828067b3f1b28bbbe span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-1828067b3f1b28bbbe span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/pennsylvania-farm-a-syst-worksheet-3-household-wastewater-treatment-system">Pennsylvania Farm-A-Syst: Worksheet 3: Household Wastewater Treatment System</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Nearly one-third of Pennsylvania residents rely on private household waste treatment systems. Maintenance of these systems is the responsibility of the homeowner.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_5413" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/endocrine-disrupting-compounds-edc-footprint-calculator" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-5413-67b3f1b28c976"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/9/0/9019d0c9e9b8c766c07063751070b640.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/9/0/9019d0c9e9b8c766c07063751070b640.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/9/0/9019d0c9e9b8c766c07063751070b640.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Credit: Quadell, via Wikimedia Commons. All Rights Reserved."/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-541367b3f1b28c976 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-541367b3f1b28c976 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-541367b3f1b28c976 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="804"></span> Tools and Apps</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/endocrine-disrupting-compounds-edc-footprint-calculator">Endocrine Disrupting Compounds (EDC) Footprint Calculator</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Heather Gall, Ph.D.</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">This footprint calculator will educate users about their consumption of EDC-containing products and help them to identify ways to reduce their footprint.</div> </div></div></li> </ol></div> <div class="toolbar toolbar-products toolbar-bottom" data-mage-init='{"productListToolbarForm":{"mode":"product_list_mode","direction":"product_list_dir","order":"product_list_order","limit":"product_list_limit","modeDefault":"list","directionDefault":null,"orderDefault":"publish_date","limitDefault":25,"url":"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/water\/wastewater-management\/private-septic-systems","formKey":"JSC9B6EILOpxgL4j","post":false}}'> </div> </div></div></main> <div class="featured-content__wrapper"><div class="featured-content" data-content-type="products" data-appearance="carousel" data-autoplay="false" data-autoplay-speed="4000" data-infinite-loop="false" data-show-arrows="true" data-show-dots="false" data-carousel-mode="default" data-slides-to-show="4" 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