CINXE.COM

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main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/equine/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-174" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-195" >Swine</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Swine</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-195"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/production-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-198" >Production and Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/product-quality" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-201" >Product Quality</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-204" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-207" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/reproduction-and-genetics" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-210" >Reproduction and Genetics</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/manure-and-nutrient-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-213" >Manure and Nutrient Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/facilities-and-technology" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-216" >Facilities and Technology</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-219" >Personal Safety </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-222" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-243" >Goats</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Goats</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-243"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/production-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-246" >Production and Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/product-quality" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-249" >Product Quality</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-252" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-255" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/reproduction-and-genetics" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-258" >Reproduction and Genetics</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/manure-and-nutrient-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-261" >Manure and Nutrient Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/facilities-and-technology" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-264" >Facilities and Technology</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-267" >Personal Safety </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-270" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-291" >Sheep</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Sheep</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-291"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/production-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-294" >Production and Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/product-quality" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-297" >Product Quality</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-300" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-303" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/reproduction-and-genetics" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-306" >Reproduction and Genetics</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/manure-and-nutrient-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-309" >Manure and Nutrient Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/facilities-and-technology" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-312" >Facilities and Technology</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-315" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-318" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-339" >Llamas and Alpacas</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Llamas and Alpacas</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-339"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-348" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-351" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas/manure-and-nutrient-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-357" >Manure and Nutrient Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas/facilities-and-technology" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-360" >Facilities and Technology</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-366" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-2608" >Canine</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Canine</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-2608"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2611" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine/behavior-and-welfare" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2614" >Behavior and Welfare</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2617" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine/reproduction-and-genetics" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2620" >Reproduction and Genetics</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__item  main-menu__item--parent level0"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops" class="main-menu__link menu-link-level-0" data-menu="menu-387" >Forage and Food Crops </a> </div><div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div class="back" data-role="back"><span>Forage and Food Crops </span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div> <div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level1" data-menu="menu-387"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level1 1"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-0" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-390" >Agronomic Crops</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Agronomic Crops</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-390"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-393" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/species-and-varieties" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-396" >Species and Varieties</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/soil-fertility-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-399" >Soil Fertility and Management </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-402" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/weed-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-405" >Weed Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/organic-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-408" >Organic Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/sustainable-agriculture" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-411" >Sustainable Agriculture</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-414" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-417" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-438" >Cover Crops</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Cover Crops</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-438"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-441" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/species-and-varieties" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-444" >Species and Varieties</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/soil-fertility-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-447" >Soil Fertility and Management </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-450" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/weed-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-453" >Weed Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/organic-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-456" >Organic Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/sustainable-agriculture" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-459" >Sustainable Agriculture</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-462" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-465" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-483" >Forages</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Forages</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-483"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-486" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/species-and-varieties" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-489" >Species and Varieties</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/soil-fertility-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-492" >Soil Fertility and Management </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/forage-quality-and-testing" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-495" >Forage Quality and Testing</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-498" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/weed-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-501" >Weed Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/organic-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-504" >Organic Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/sustainable-agriculture" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-507" >Sustainable Agriculture</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-510" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-513" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-537" >Fruit</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Fruit</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-537"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-540" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/cultivars-and-rootstocks" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-543" >Cultivars and Rootstocks</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/soil-fertility-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-546" >Soil Fertility and Management </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-549" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/weed-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-552" >Weed Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/organic-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-555" >Organic Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/sustainable-agriculture" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-558" >Sustainable Agriculture</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-561" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-564" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-636" >Mushrooms</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Mushrooms</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-636"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-639" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms/substrate-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-645" >Substrate Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-648" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms/food-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-651" >Food Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-657" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-585" >Vegetables</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Vegetables</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-585"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-588" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/species-and-varieties" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-591" >Species and Varieties</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/soil-fertility-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-594" >Soil Fertility and Management </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-597" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/weed-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-600" >Weed Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/organic-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-603" >Organic Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/sustainable-agriculture" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-606" >Sustainable Agriculture</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-609" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-612" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__item  main-menu__item--parent level0"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping" class="main-menu__link menu-link-level-0" data-menu="menu-675" >Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping</a> </div><div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div class="back" data-role="back"><span>Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div> <div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level1" data-menu="menu-675"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level1 1"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-0" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/aquatic-plants-and-algae" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-2431" >Aquatic Plants and Algae</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Aquatic Plants and Algae</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-2431"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/aquatic-plants-and-algae" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/aquatic-plants-and-algae/species-and-varieties" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-828" >Species and Varieties</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/aquatic-plants-and-algae/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-831" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/aquatic-plants-and-algae/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-837" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/christmas-trees" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-2434" >Christmas Trees</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Christmas Trees</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-2434"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/christmas-trees" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/christmas-trees/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-909" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li 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and Nutrient Management</strong> </li> </ul></nav> <div class="widget block block-static-block"><div data-content-type="html" data-appearance="default" data-element="main" data-decoded="true"><style> @media print { .noprint { display: none !important; } } </style></div></div> <div class="widget block block-static-block"><div data-content-type="html" data-appearance="default" data-element="main" data-decoded="true"><style> @media print { .noprint { display: none !important; } } </style></div></div><main id="maincontent" class="page-main"> <a id="contentarea" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="parent-category-name">Dairy</span> <div class="page-title-wrapper"><h1 class="page-title" id="page-title-heading" aria-labelledby="page-title-heading toolbar-amount" ><span class="base" data-ui-id="page-title-wrapper" >Manure and Nutrient Management</span></h1> </div><div class="page messages"> <div data-placeholder="messages"></div> <div data-bind="scope: 'messages'"><div aria-atomic="true" role="alert" class="messages" data-bind="foreach: { data: cookieMessagesObservable(), as: 'message' }"><div data-bind="attr: { class: 'message-' + message.type + ' ' + message.type + ' message', 'data-ui-id': 'message-' + message.type }"><div data-bind="html: $parent.prepareMessageForHtml(message.text)"></div></div></div><div aria-atomic="true" role="alert" class="messages" data-bind="foreach: { data: messages().messages, as: 'message' }, afterRender: purgeMessages"><div data-bind="attr: { class: 'message-' + message.type + ' ' + message.type + ' message', 'data-ui-id': 'message-' + message.type }"><div data-bind="html: $parent.prepareMessageForHtml(message.text)"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="category-view"> <div class="category-description"><p>All farming operations that generate or apply manure and agricultural process wastewater must have a written Manure Management Plan. Penn State Extension provides dairy cattle and other livestock producers with the resources to prepare their manure management plans.</p> <p>In this section, you will also find information on nutrient management, including feeding dairy cattle to control nitrogen and phosphorus in manure. Information on manure spreader calibration, cow manure storage, and waste disposal is also available here.</p> <h2>Dairy Manure and Nutrient Management Plans</h2> <p>Having a written Manure Management Plan is a requirement for all livestock producers who generate manure on their farm or import and apply it. The plan should help identify when, where and at what rate to spread manure, slurry, dirty water, and other organic wastes.</p> <p>The document should help producers minimize the risk of causing pollution, and show whether they have enough storage or usable spreading area. It should also provide an overview of how much manure is produced per year at the facility, what crop nutrients are in the manure, and how the manure is handled on-site.</p> <p>Pennsylvania law requires farming operations that include an Animal Concentration Area (ACA) or pasture to have a Manure Management Plan, which can be developed by the producer or by a nutrient management consultant. Penn State Extension provides an <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/writing-a-manure-management-plan">online course on Writing a Manure Management Plan</a>. </p> <p>Farming operations that are defined as Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) or Concentrated Animal Operations (CAOs), are also required to have more detailed written plans, called Nutrient Management Plans. </p> <p>These plans must be developed by a Certified Nutrient Management Specialist and submitted to the local county conservation district for review and approval. A summary of Nutrient Management Legislation and an overview of what a <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/nutrient-management-legislation-in-pennsylvania">Nutrient Management Plan</a> includes is also available in this section. </p> <h2>Manure Evaluation and Dairy Cattle Nutrition</h2> <p>Dairy cattle producers can use <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/using-manure-evaluation-to-enhance-dairy-cattle-nutrition">manure evaluation</a> to gather useful information about the general health, rumen fermentation, and digestive function of dairy cows. Paired with a close examination of feeding and management practices, manure sampling and evaluation is a valuable source of information for the dairy herd health.</p> <p>Producers can also use Penn State Extension鈥檚 comprehensive <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/comprehensive-feed-management-monitoring-spreadsheet-for-dairy-cows">Feed Management Monitoring Spreadsheet</a> for Dairy Cows to determine nutrient utilization for lactating, dry cows, and heifers. Guidelines on <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/manure-sampling-instructions">how to sample manure</a> are also available. </p> <h2>Manure Storage Hazards and Emissions</h2> <p>When planning manure storage facilities and stockpiling/stacking areas, producers should be aware of the various hazards and regulations. In general, manure and agricultural process wastewater must be stored at least 100 feet away from any environmentally sensitive areas, including streams, rivers, springs, lakes, or other water reservoirs. Additionally, stockpiles must be on lands of less than 8% slope.</p> <p>Livestock producers should also be informed of the safety risk from <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/safety-risk-from-manure-storages-of-dairy-cows-bedded-with-gypsum">manure storages of dairy cows</a> bedded with gypsum. Gypsum bedding adds sulfur to manure, which can lead to <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/research-aims-to-prevent-deaths-related-to-gypsum-laced-manure-emissions">dangerous levels of hydrogen sulfide gas emissions</a>.</p> <p>Other factors that producers need to monitor are ammonia and methane emissions. See how nitrogen fed to dairy cows contributes to ammonia emissions and feeding strategies to reduce excess nitrogen in the diet. Resources and dietary practices to reduce dairy cattle methane production are also available in this section. </p> <p>For producers using on-farm anaerobic digestion of dairy herd manure for power production and odor reduction, see this resource on nutrients and pathogens during anaerobic digestion. You can explore other safety-related topics in the <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/dairy/personal-safety">Dairy Cattle and Personal Safety</a> section.</p></div> </div><div class="columns"><div class="sidebar sidebar-main"> <div class="block filter" id="layered-filter-block" data-mage-init='{"collapsible":{"openedState": "active", "collapsible": true, "active": false, "collateral": { "openedState": "filter-active", "element": "body" } }}'> <div class="block-title filter-title" data-count="0"><strong data-role="title">Narrow By</strong></div><div class="block-content filter-content"> <strong role="heading" aria-level="2" class="block-subtitle filter-subtitle">Narrow By:</strong> <div class="filter-options" id="narrow-by-list" data-role="content" data-mage-init='{"accordion":{"openedState": "active", "collapsible": true, "active": [0,1,2], "multipleCollapsible": true}}'> <div data-role="collapsible" class="filter-options-item"><div data-role="title" 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2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/3/c/3c621511b5ad83d2966e6bdcdc986491.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/3/c/3c621511b5ad83d2966e6bdcdc986491.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Photo Credit John Tyson, Penn State Extension"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-3606967b3ec8680474 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-3606967b3ec8680474 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-3606967b3ec8680474 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/manure-gas-safety">Manure Gas Safety</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>John Tyson</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Take personal safety in mind when dealing with manure to avoid long-term consequences of manure gases.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_65798" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/community-digester-assessment-tool" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-65798-67b3ec8681301"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/6/0/602ec8f3869e11208cdb6b7e29a1b4c4.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/6/0/602ec8f3869e11208cdb6b7e29a1b4c4.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/6/0/602ec8f3869e11208cdb6b7e29a1b4c4.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="These fine gals could be a source of manure revenue for farmers located near a community digester."/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-6579867b3ec8681301 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-6579867b3ec8681301 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-6579867b3ec8681301 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="804"></span> Tools and Apps</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/community-digester-assessment-tool">Community Digester Assessment Tool</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Daniel Ciolkosz, P.E., Bill Lazarus</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">This spreadsheet-based tool can be used to assess the economic impact of a dairy farmer's providing manure to a community (regional) anaerobic digester.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_21012" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/after-the-flood-recovery-considerations-for-rural-pennsylvanians" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-21012-67b3ec8682135"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/8/1/81d670c291330256758462ec263669ae.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/8/1/81d670c291330256758462ec263669ae.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/8/1/81d670c291330256758462ec263669ae.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Flooding around your home and on the farm could be leading to issues you need to address. Image Credit: Jennifer Fetter"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-2101267b3ec8682135 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-2101267b3ec8682135 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-2101267b3ec8682135 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/after-the-flood-recovery-considerations-for-rural-pennsylvanians">After the Flood: Recovery Considerations for Rural Pennsylvanians</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Jennifer R Fetter, Leon Ressler, Andy Yencha</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Parts of Pennsylvania were drenched with heavy rains and flooded streams recently. In addition to drying out wet basements, there are few important things that rural Pennsylvanian's might want to pay special attention to.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_4143" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/remember-to-think-about-silage-leachate" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-4143-67b3ec8682f51"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/c/0/c0d6dd9c2f41c48709a7a5190673ac46.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/c/0/c0d6dd9c2f41c48709a7a5190673ac46.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/c/0/c0d6dd9c2f41c48709a7a5190673ac46.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Remember to Think About Silage Leachate"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-414367b3ec8682f51 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-414367b3ec8682f51 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-414367b3ec8682f51 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/remember-to-think-about-silage-leachate">Remember to Think About Silage Leachate</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>John Tyson</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Harvesting at the right dry matter and proper location of your silo can help minimize leachate.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_4141" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/livestock-methane-emissions-in-the-united-states" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-4141-67b3ec8683d51"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/5/f/5ff1a35807663546337fbd6d4c7259e6.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/5/f/5ff1a35807663546337fbd6d4c7259e6.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/5/f/5ff1a35807663546337fbd6d4c7259e6.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Livestock Methane Emissions in the United States"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-414167b3ec8683d51 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-414167b3ec8683d51 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-414167b3ec8683d51 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/livestock-methane-emissions-in-the-united-states">Livestock Methane Emissions in the United States</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Alexander Nikolov Hristov, Ph.D., Kristen Johnson, Ermias Kebreab</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Confirmation that US EPA estimates of methane production are accurate.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_28298" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/manure-incorporation-in-no-till-systems" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-28298-67b3ec8684b1f"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/a/8/a85213e5e1993b9891b8e1382d1f3c71.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/a/8/a85213e5e1993b9891b8e1382d1f3c71.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/a/8/a85213e5e1993b9891b8e1382d1f3c71.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Manure Incorporation in No-Till Systems"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-2829867b3ec8684b1f { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-2829867b3ec8684b1f span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-2829867b3ec8684b1f span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="809"></span> Videos</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/manure-incorporation-in-no-till-systems">Manure Incorporation in No-Till Systems</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Leon Ressler</span></div> <div class='attribute length'><span class='label'>Length </span><span class='value'>5:48</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Manure injection conserves the benefits of no-till while reducing soluble phosphorus in runoff caused by high phosphorus concentrations at the soil surface. Less odor and decreases in nitrogen losses are additional benefits.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_47512" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/gypsum-bedding-and-manure-storage-gas-emissions-additional-resources" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-47512-67b3ec868595d"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/8/2/82f7c0ad69c3fa62c2489bd45dca068f.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/8/2/82f7c0ad69c3fa62c2489bd45dca068f.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/8/2/82f7c0ad69c3fa62c2489bd45dca068f.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Gypsum-Bedding and Manure-Storage Gas Emissions Additional Resources"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-4751267b3ec868595d { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-4751267b3ec868595d span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-4751267b3ec868595d span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/gypsum-bedding-and-manure-storage-gas-emissions-additional-resources">Gypsum-Bedding and Manure-Storage Gas Emissions Additional Resources</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Eileen E. Fabian (Wheeler), Ph.D.</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Quick guide to key findings for hydrogen sulfide gas release when high sulfur content manure is agitated.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_3690" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/free-choice-feeding-of-phosphorus-containing-minerals" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-3690-67b3ec86867bd"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/2/c/2c43b82f6b86f1774878cc46f0eb03b5.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/2/c/2c43b82f6b86f1774878cc46f0eb03b5.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/2/c/2c43b82f6b86f1774878cc46f0eb03b5.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Free Choice Feeding of Phosphorus Containing Minerals"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-369067b3ec86867bd { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-369067b3ec86867bd span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-369067b3ec86867bd span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/free-choice-feeding-of-phosphorus-containing-minerals">Free Choice Feeding of Phosphorus Containing Minerals</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Virginia A. Ishler</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Environmental concerns have forced the animal industry to re-evaluate phosphorus levels formulated in diets to avoid excess intake and excretion.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_2674" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/manure-storage-design-and-safety-considerations-with-gypsum-bedding" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-2674-67b3ec8687610"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/9/9/99f28518ef79749cab7a4d7b2f8ec8a8.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/9/9/99f28518ef79749cab7a4d7b2f8ec8a8.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/9/9/99f28518ef79749cab7a4d7b2f8ec8a8.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Manure Storage Design and Safety Considerations with Gypsum Bedding"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-267467b3ec8687610 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-267467b3ec8687610 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-267467b3ec8687610 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/manure-storage-design-and-safety-considerations-with-gypsum-bedding">Manure Storage Design and Safety Considerations with Gypsum Bedding</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Eileen E. Fabian (Wheeler), Ph.D.</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Surprise! Open-air, outdoor manure storages pose dangers even with all that fresh air around.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_3413" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/feed-management-phosphorus-levels-in-component-fed-herds" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-3413-67b3ec8688487"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/7/b/7b8a5572afeebd7a0d43e3d53359c9bb.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/7/b/7b8a5572afeebd7a0d43e3d53359c9bb.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/7/b/7b8a5572afeebd7a0d43e3d53359c9bb.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Feed Management: Phosphorus Levels in Component-Fed Herds"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-341367b3ec8688487 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-341367b3ec8688487 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-341367b3ec8688487 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/feed-management-phosphorus-levels-in-component-fed-herds">Feed Management: Phosphorus Levels in Component-Fed Herds</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Virginia A. Ishler</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Herds with lactating dairy cattle exceeding fecal phosphorus levels from 0.55 to 0.80% on a dry matter basis have opportunity for improvement.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_4952" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/reoccurring-themes-of-manure-gas-deaths" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-4952-67b3ec8689375"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/i/m/image_3100.jpg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/i/m/image_3100.jpg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/i/m/image_3100.jpg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Manure collection tank at Beltsville (Maryland) Agricultural Research Center."/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-495267b3ec8689375 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-495267b3ec8689375 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-495267b3ec8689375 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/reoccurring-themes-of-manure-gas-deaths">Reoccurring Themes of Manure Gas Deaths</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Robert Meinen</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Manure gas deaths keep occurring around the world. What can we do to make manure handling safer?</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_28507" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/applying-manure-with-a-drag-line-system" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-28507-67b3ec868a27a"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/i/m/image_3777_1_2_1_262_1_23_1_28_2_11_2_2_2_38_1_94_7_2_24_46_6_414_49_21_45_2_25_15_1_9_1_18_9_6_5_1_21_3_29_8_2_1_13_5_1_5511.jpg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/i/m/image_3777_1_2_1_262_1_23_1_28_2_11_2_2_2_38_1_94_7_2_24_46_6_414_49_21_45_2_25_15_1_9_1_18_9_6_5_1_21_3_29_8_2_1_13_5_1_5511.jpg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/i/m/image_3777_1_2_1_262_1_23_1_28_2_11_2_2_2_38_1_94_7_2_24_46_6_414_49_21_45_2_25_15_1_9_1_18_9_6_5_1_21_3_29_8_2_1_13_5_1_5511.jpg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Drag line combined with manure incorporation toolbar. Photo: Leon Ressler"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-2850767b3ec868a27a { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-2850767b3ec868a27a span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-2850767b3ec868a27a span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/applying-manure-with-a-drag-line-system">Applying Manure with A Drag Line System</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Leon Ressler</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Drag line manure application is attracting farmers attention in Pennsylvania. Numerous advantages can be found when compared to hauling manure in tankers.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_9715" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/choosing-a-nutrient-management-planner" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-9715-67b3ec868b17e"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/1/c/1ca16b14e1f60d49af0d717d51655411.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/1/c/1ca16b14e1f60d49af0d717d51655411.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/1/c/1ca16b14e1f60d49af0d717d51655411.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Choosing a Nutrient Management Planner"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-971567b3ec868b17e { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-971567b3ec868b17e span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-971567b3ec868b17e span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/choosing-a-nutrient-management-planner">Choosing a Nutrient Management Planner</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Jerry Martin</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Pennsylvania agricultural operations that are designated Concentrated Animal Operations or Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations are required to implement an approved nutrient management plan.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_24455" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/what-are-the-options-for-non-saleable-waste-milk" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-24455-67b3ec868c068"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/b/f/bf1a8bb2a883465cce2465a5229103d7.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/b/f/bf1a8bb2a883465cce2465a5229103d7.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/b/f/bf1a8bb2a883465cce2465a5229103d7.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Photo credit: Ginger Fenton"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-2445567b3ec868c068 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-2445567b3ec868c068 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-2445567b3ec868c068 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/what-are-the-options-for-non-saleable-waste-milk">What Are the Options for Non-saleable (Waste) Milk?</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Ginger D. Fenton, Ph.D.</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">While maximizing the value of your milk is critical, careful consideration should be given to the choices for using or disposing of waste milk.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_3805" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/carefully-approach-spring-manure-applications" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-3805-67b3ec868ce65"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/2/3/239122ad80ebbaa04ade7513015fee76.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/2/3/239122ad80ebbaa04ade7513015fee76.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/2/3/239122ad80ebbaa04ade7513015fee76.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Carefully Approach Spring Manure Applications"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-380567b3ec868ce65 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-380567b3ec868ce65 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-380567b3ec868ce65 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/carefully-approach-spring-manure-applications">Carefully Approach Spring Manure Applications</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Robert Meinen</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Patience and timing will help you maximize the value of manure applied this spring.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_27976" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/on-farm-mortality-composting-management-principles-and-information-resources" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-27976-67b3ec868dd2c"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/e/7/e77ac1559fe483768f6ef12d85a4a5dc.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/e/7/e77ac1559fe483768f6ef12d85a4a5dc.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/e/7/e77ac1559fe483768f6ef12d85a4a5dc.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="J. Craig Williams, Penn State"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-2797667b3ec868dd2c { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-2797667b3ec868dd2c span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-2797667b3ec868dd2c span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="805"></span> News</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/on-farm-mortality-composting-management-principles-and-information-resources">On-Farm Mortality Composting: Management Principles and Information Resources</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute publish_date'><span class='label'>Date Posted </span><span class='value'>4/6/2020</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Farms should consider contingency planning for mortality disposal. Legal mortality disposal methods for Pennsylvania include rendering, burial, incineration, and composting.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_27040" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/understanding-pasture-soils" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-27040-67b3ec868ecb4"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/e/a/ead2b532809bea45333ccd32f9dc155e.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/e/a/ead2b532809bea45333ccd32f9dc155e.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/e/a/ead2b532809bea45333ccd32f9dc155e.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Understanding Pasture Soils"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-2704067b3ec868ecb4 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-2704067b3ec868ecb4 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-2704067b3ec868ecb4 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="810"></span> Webinars</div> <div class="price-box price-final_price" data-role="priceBox" data-product-id="27040" data-price-box="product-id-27040"> <p class="minimal-price"> <span class="price-container price-final_price tax weee" > <span class="price-label"></span> <span id="from-27040" data-price-amount="0" data-price-type="" class="price-wrapper " ><span class="price">Free</span></span> </span> </p></div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/understanding-pasture-soils">Understanding Pasture Soils</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute when'><span class='label'>When </span><span class='value'>Watch Now</span></div> <div class='attribute recorded'><span class='label'>Recorded </span><span class='value'>Oct 9, 2019</span></div> <div class='attribute cvent_event_format'><span class='label'>Event Format </span><span class='value'>On-Demand | Recorded</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">This free webinar is part of a Dairy Grazing Management series which includes presentations geared toward dairy producers, employees, and agribusiness professionals. Understanding Pasture Soils was recorded on October 9, 2019.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_9726" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/pennsylvanias-nutrient-management-act-act-38-who-is-affected" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-9726-67b3ec8692adf"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/i/m/image_322_1_3_1_90_1_1_1_22.png?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/i/m/image_322_1_3_1_90_1_1_1_22.png?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/i/m/image_322_1_3_1_90_1_1_1_22.png?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Pennsylvania's Nutrient Management Act (Act 38): Who Is Affected?"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-972667b3ec8692adf { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-972667b3ec8692adf span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-972667b3ec8692adf span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/pennsylvanias-nutrient-management-act-act-38-who-is-affected">Pennsylvania's Nutrient Management Act (Act 38): Who Is Affected?</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Douglas Beegle, Ph.D., Jerry Martin</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Learn how to calculate the animal density of an agricultural operation to determine if it is a Concentrated Animal Operation (CAO) and thereby required to implement an Act 38 nutrient management plan.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_9624" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/manure-spreader-calibration" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-9624-67b3ec8693b83"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/c/7/c7ba918bb1d848844eb294973e18c56c.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/c/7/c7ba918bb1d848844eb294973e18c56c.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/c/7/c7ba918bb1d848844eb294973e18c56c.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Manure Spreader Calibration"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-962467b3ec8693b83 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-962467b3ec8693b83 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-962467b3ec8693b83 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/manure-spreader-calibration">Manure Spreader Calibration</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Douglas Beegle, Ph.D., Jerry Martin</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Manure spreader calibration is an essential and valuable nutrient management tool for maximizing the efficient use of available manure nutrients.</div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item"> <div class="product-item-info" id="product-item-info_9584" data-container="product-list"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/nutrient-management-legislation-in-pennsylvania" class="product photo product-item-photo" tabindex="-1"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-9584-67b3ec8694ae4"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/9/c/9c37142d30e0955ee2daeb8e4b7fd130.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/9/c/9c37142d30e0955ee2daeb8e4b7fd130.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/9/c/9c37142d30e0955ee2daeb8e4b7fd130.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Nutrient Management Legislation in Pennsylvania"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-958467b3ec8694ae4 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-958467b3ec8694ae4 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-958467b3ec8694ae4 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> </div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" href="https://extension.psu.edu/nutrient-management-legislation-in-pennsylvania">Nutrient Management Legislation in Pennsylvania</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class='attribute authors'><span class='label'>By </span><span class='value'>Dwight Lingenfelter, Douglas Beegle, Ph.D.</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Summarizes the nutrient management provisions of Act 38 in Pennsylvania and the regulations that went into effect October 1, 2006.</div> </div></div></li> </ol></div> <div class="toolbar 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height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-962467b3ec86a6d26 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-962467b3ec86a6d26 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <strong class="product-item-name"><a title="Manure Spreader Calibration" href="https://extension.psu.edu/manure-spreader-calibration" class="product-item-link">Manure Spreader Calibration</a></strong> <div class="product-short-description">Manure spreader calibration is an essential and valuable nutrient management tool for maximizing the efficient use of available manure nutrients.</div></div></div></li> </ol></div></div></div><div class="category-bottom-content"> </div><div class="before-page-footer"> <div class="widget block 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