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Belo Horizonte: Autêntica Editora, 2008, 360 p.","created_at":"2012-11-25T11:47:43.603-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2194750/Borba_Siomara_y_Walter_Kohan_orgs_Filosofia_aprendizagem_e_experi%C3%AAncia_Belo_Horizonte_Aut%C3%AAntica_Editora_2008_360_p?f_ri=45859","dom_id":"work_2194750","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30246406,"asset_id":2194750,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2809835,"first_name":"Matías","last_name":"Fernandez Robbio","domain_name":"conicet-ar","page_name":"MatíasFernandezRobbio","display_name":"Matías Fernandez Robbio","profile_url":"https://conicet-ar.academia.edu/Mat%C3%ADasFernandezRobbio?f_ri=45859","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2809835/917733/49875505/s65_mat_as.fernandez_robbio.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false},{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false},{"id":2559,"name":"Philosophy of Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Education?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false},{"id":45859,"name":"Teaching Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Philosophy?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false},{"id":113959,"name":"PHILOSOPHY FOR CHILDREN","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PHILOSOPHY_FOR_CHILDREN?f_ri=45859"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_67425160" data-work_id="67425160" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67425160/Whatever_Happened_to_Good_and_Evil">Whatever Happened to Good and Evil</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Acknowledgments Preface PART I: THE STATUS OF MORALITY 1. The Nature of the Problem 2. The Philosophical Terrain PART II: AGAINST MORAL SKEPTICISM 3. Moral Error 4. Moral Equivalence 5. Moral Progress and Moral Comparison 6. Dogmatism 7.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_67425160" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Acknowledgments Preface PART I: THE STATUS OF MORALITY 1. The Nature of the Problem 2. The Philosophical Terrain PART II: AGAINST MORAL SKEPTICISM 3. Moral Error 4. Moral Equivalence 5. Moral Progress and Moral Comparison 6. Dogmatism 7. Tolerance 8. Arbitrariness 9. Contradiction and Disagreement 10. Relativism and Contradiction 11. Is Moral Skepticism Self-Refuting? PART III: MORAL OBJECTIVITY DEFENDED 12. How Ethical Objectivism Solves the Problem of Moral Skepticism 13. Universality, Objectivity, Absolutism 14. The (Un)Importance of Moral Disagreement 15. Does Ethical Objectivity Require God? 16. Where Do Moral Standards Come From? 17. Values in a Scientific World 18. Moral Knowledge I: Four Skeptical Arguments 19. Moral Knowledge II: The Regress Argument 20. Why Be Moral? Conclusion Synopsis of the Major Arguments Glossary</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/67425160" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="def4b96e2da5124f9a5a13e4da4f96e7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":78246854,"asset_id":67425160,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78246854/download_file?st=MTczMjUwMjc5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34104771" href="https://unc.academia.edu/russshaferlandau">russ shafer-landau</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34104771" type="text/json">{"id":34104771,"first_name":"russ","last_name":"shafer-landau","domain_name":"unc","page_name":"russshaferlandau","display_name":"russ shafer-landau","profile_url":"https://unc.academia.edu/russshaferlandau?f_ri=45859","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_67425160 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="67425160"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 67425160, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_67425160", }); 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The Nature of the Problem 2. The Philosophical Terrain PART II: AGAINST MORAL SKEPTICISM 3. Moral Error 4. Moral Equivalence 5. Moral Progress and Moral Comparison 6. Dogmatism 7. Tolerance 8. Arbitrariness 9. Contradiction and Disagreement 10. Relativism and Contradiction 11. Is Moral Skepticism Self-Refuting? PART III: MORAL OBJECTIVITY DEFENDED 12. How Ethical Objectivism Solves the Problem of Moral Skepticism 13. Universality, Objectivity, Absolutism 14. The (Un)Importance of Moral Disagreement 15. Does Ethical Objectivity Require God? 16. Where Do Moral Standards Come From? 17. Values in a Scientific World 18. Moral Knowledge I: Four Skeptical Arguments 19. Moral Knowledge II: The Regress Argument 20. Why Be Moral? 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The class builds upon the history, thought concepts, and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35650807" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Course Description: A continuation of the Classical Mind, the Modern Mind is an introduction to modern philosophy focusing on texts from selected early modern and modern thinkers. The class builds upon the history, thought concepts, and themes developed in the Classical Mind and traces the development of Western philosophical thought from the seventeenth to the twentieth century. In particular, this course deals with philosophers that consider the nature of thinking and reasoning, the idea of metaphysics and the foundations of human knowledge, the idea of a universal moral law, the nature of political society and the concept of right, and the idea and value of historical thinking. This course utilizes canonical philosophic texts situated in the history of philosophy to establish the structure and methodology of philosophical thinking. As the second course of the introductory sequence of philosophy classes, this class culminates not only in the identification of philosophic issues, concepts, and questions, but also the practical examination and analysis of fundamental human questions as preparation for students' continuing engagement with their liberal arts education. — Prerequisite for PHIL 202: successful completion of PHIL 201.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35650807" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2fd3b884abe029c87897b91be6398f2d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55520384,"asset_id":35650807,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55520384/download_file?st=MTczMjUwMjc5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4113613" href="https://newengland.academia.edu/ColinDavidPears">Colin David Pears</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4113613" type="text/json">{"id":4113613,"first_name":"Colin David","last_name":"Pears","domain_name":"newengland","page_name":"ColinDavidPears","display_name":"Colin David Pears","profile_url":"https://newengland.academia.edu/ColinDavidPears?f_ri=45859","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35650807 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35650807"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35650807, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35650807", }); 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I have adopted strategies for disruptive education at both the macro and micro levels. My classes are designed around engaging dominant theories and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9475540" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Queer approaches to teaching and learning call for a consistent commitment to disruption. I have adopted strategies for disruptive education at both the macro and micro levels. My classes are designed around engaging dominant theories and texts—interrogating them in order to understand what forms of life become normalized through them and in order to develop approaches to challenging the discourses they reflect and reproduce.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9475540" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0b92cd685ebd104ab82b78f16339fc36" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35708927,"asset_id":9475540,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35708927/download_file?st=MTczMjUwMjc5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7256022" href="https://ucdenver.academia.edu/JacobMcWilliams">Jacob McWilliams</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7256022" type="text/json">{"id":7256022,"first_name":"Jacob","last_name":"McWilliams","domain_name":"ucdenver","page_name":"JacobMcWilliams","display_name":"Jacob McWilliams","profile_url":"https://ucdenver.academia.edu/JacobMcWilliams?f_ri=45859","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7256022/2697744/8875890/s65_jenna_jacob_.mcwilliams.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9475540 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9475540"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9475540, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9475540", }); 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","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35708927,"asset_id":9475540,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7256022,"first_name":"Jacob","last_name":"McWilliams","domain_name":"ucdenver","page_name":"JacobMcWilliams","display_name":"Jacob McWilliams","profile_url":"https://ucdenver.academia.edu/JacobMcWilliams?f_ri=45859","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7256022/2697744/8875890/s65_jenna_jacob_.mcwilliams.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3114,"name":"Queer Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Queer_Theory?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false},{"id":32791,"name":"Queer Pedagogy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Queer_Pedagogy?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false},{"id":45859,"name":"Teaching Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Philosophy?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false},{"id":166781,"name":"Learning Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Learning_Theory?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false}]}, }) } 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Still probably the best account I've made of what I try to do in the classroom.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33794920" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bbc397eddda5e3d0fa6536503e42839a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53781336,"asset_id":33794920,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53781336/download_file?st=MTczMjUwMjc5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="285047" href="https://hillsdale.academia.edu/DwightLindley">Dwight Lindley</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="285047" type="text/json">{"id":285047,"first_name":"Dwight","last_name":"Lindley","domain_name":"hillsdale","page_name":"DwightLindley","display_name":"Dwight Lindley","profile_url":"https://hillsdale.academia.edu/DwightLindley?f_ri=45859","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/285047/93718/32804061/s65_dwight.lindley.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33794920 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33794920"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33794920, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33794920", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_33794920 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33794920; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_33794920"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_33794920 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33794920"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33794920; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33794920]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_33794920").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_33794920").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33794920"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="45859" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Philosophy">Teaching Philosophy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="45859" type="text/json">{"id":45859,"name":"Teaching Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Philosophy?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33794920]'), work: {"id":33794920,"title":"Teaching Philosophy","created_at":"2017-07-06T10:55:04.469-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33794920/Teaching_Philosophy?f_ri=45859","dom_id":"work_33794920","summary":"The statement I drew up for my tenure application. Still probably the best account I've made of what I try to do in the classroom.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53781336,"asset_id":33794920,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":285047,"first_name":"Dwight","last_name":"Lindley","domain_name":"hillsdale","page_name":"DwightLindley","display_name":"Dwight Lindley","profile_url":"https://hillsdale.academia.edu/DwightLindley?f_ri=45859","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/285047/93718/32804061/s65_dwight.lindley.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":45859,"name":"Teaching Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Philosophy?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12738504" data-work_id="12738504" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12738504/Introduction_to_Philosophy_Knowledge_Reality_and_Self_Syllabus_">Introduction to Philosophy: Knowledge, Reality, and Self (Syllabus)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In most fields of study, people set out to acquire knowledge about the world. But in philosophy, we take a step back and probe into knowledge itself – by asking questions about the sources of knowledge, its nature and limitations, and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12738504" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In most fields of study, people set out to acquire knowledge about the world. But in philosophy, we take a step back and probe into knowledge itself – by asking questions about the sources of knowledge, its nature and limitations, and what methods we have for arriving at true knowledge. Philosophers have thought hard about these questions, with the hope of thereby gaining a more reflective understanding of the nature of reality and the capacities of the knowing self. To illustrate the virtues of philosophical inquiry, and how it differs from both science and religion, we will first look at a range of influential theories and arguments proposed by Plato, Anselm, Aquinas, Descartes, and Hume. In the second half of the course, we turn to the emerging area of consciousness studies, in which philosophers collaborate with psychologists and brain scientists to examine puzzling topics such as how subjective experiences can arise from objective brain processes, the nature of free will, the unity of the self, dreams and meditation, and the possibility of machine consciousness.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12738504" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="00380d1f89ac1e1ba4cd353ec16fdbef" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45331270,"asset_id":12738504,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45331270/download_file?st=MTczMjUwMjc5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="20391" href="https://villanova.academia.edu/GeorgTheiner">Georg Theiner</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="20391" type="text/json">{"id":20391,"first_name":"Georg","last_name":"Theiner","domain_name":"villanova","page_name":"GeorgTheiner","display_name":"Georg Theiner","profile_url":"https://villanova.academia.edu/GeorgTheiner?f_ri=45859","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/20391/6876/21659315/s65_georg.theiner.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12738504 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12738504"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12738504, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12738504", }); 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But in philosophy, we take a step back and probe into knowledge itself – by asking questions about the sources of knowledge, its nature and limitations, and what methods we have for arriving at true knowledge. Philosophers have thought hard about these questions, with the hope of thereby gaining a more reflective understanding of the nature of reality and the capacities of the knowing self. To illustrate the virtues of philosophical inquiry, and how it differs from both science and religion, we will first look at a range of influential theories and arguments proposed by Plato, Anselm, Aquinas, Descartes, and Hume. In the second half of the course, we turn to the emerging area of consciousness studies, in which philosophers collaborate with psychologists and brain scientists to examine puzzling topics such as how subjective experiences can arise from objective brain processes, the nature of free will, the unity of the self, dreams and meditation, and the possibility of machine consciousness.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45331270,"asset_id":12738504,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":20391,"first_name":"Georg","last_name":"Theiner","domain_name":"villanova","page_name":"GeorgTheiner","display_name":"Georg Theiner","profile_url":"https://villanova.academia.edu/GeorgTheiner?f_ri=45859","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/20391/6876/21659315/s65_georg.theiner.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":804,"name":"Metaphysics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false},{"id":806,"name":"Philosophy of Mind","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Mind?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false},{"id":815,"name":"Epistemology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epistemology?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false},{"id":9040,"name":"Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false},{"id":18297,"name":"Free Will","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Free_Will?f_ri=45859"},{"id":40633,"name":"Consciousness Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness_Studies?f_ri=45859"},{"id":45859,"name":"Teaching Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Philosophy?f_ri=45859"},{"id":710663,"name":"Introduction to Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Introduction_to_Philosophy?f_ri=45859"},{"id":753577,"name":"Impact of philosophical approaches to teaching and learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Impact_of_philosophical_approaches_to_teaching_and_learning?f_ri=45859"},{"id":1003920,"name":"Teaching of Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_of_Philosophy?f_ri=45859"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6593825" data-work_id="6593825" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6593825/La_opci%C3%B3n_fundamental_Grandes_constantes_metaf%C3%ADsicas">La opción fundamental. Grandes constantes metafísicas</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6593825" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c696437be2a00215c3d409c9dcc101c9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68701736,"asset_id":6593825,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68701736/download_file?st=MTczMjUwMjc5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3494854" href="https://unsta.academia.edu/JuanPabloRold%C3%A1n">Juan Pablo Roldán</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3494854" type="text/json">{"id":3494854,"first_name":"Juan Pablo","last_name":"Roldán","domain_name":"unsta","page_name":"JuanPabloRoldán","display_name":"Juan Pablo Roldán","profile_url":"https://unsta.academia.edu/JuanPabloRold%C3%A1n?f_ri=45859","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3494854/5942734/57955541/s65_juan_pablo.rold_n.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6593825 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6593825"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6593825, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6593825", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6593825]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_6593825").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_6593825").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6593825"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5289" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Literature">Philosophy of Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5289" type="text/json">{"id":5289,"name":"Philosophy of Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Literature?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6243" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology_of_Evil">Psychology of Evil</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6243" type="text/json">{"id":6243,"name":"Psychology of Evil","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology_of_Evil?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12613" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Doctrine_of_God">Doctrine of God</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12613" type="text/json">{"id":12613,"name":"Doctrine of God","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Doctrine_of_God?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6593825]'), work: {"id":6593825,"title":"La opción fundamental. 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Evil","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology_of_Evil?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false},{"id":12613,"name":"Doctrine of God","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Doctrine_of_God?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false},{"id":12935,"name":"Philosophy Of Freedom","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Freedom?f_ri=45859"},{"id":27588,"name":"Problem of Evil","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Problem_of_Evil?f_ri=45859"},{"id":28686,"name":"Pantheism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pantheism?f_ri=45859"},{"id":28935,"name":"Philosophy of Finitude","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Finitude?f_ri=45859"},{"id":45859,"name":"Teaching Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Philosophy?f_ri=45859"},{"id":61251,"name":"Filosofía","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filosof%C3%ADa?f_ri=45859"},{"id":92257,"name":"Freedom","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Freedom?f_ri=45859"},{"id":110900,"name":"Filosofía de la Libertad","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filosofia_de_la_Libertad?f_ri=45859"},{"id":507477,"name":"Iusnaturalismo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iusnaturalismo?f_ri=45859"},{"id":550979,"name":"Enseñanza de la Filosofía","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ensenanza_de_la_Filosofia?f_ri=45859"},{"id":620285,"name":"History of Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Philosophy?f_ri=45859"},{"id":926161,"name":"Determinismo teológico y el problema del mal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Determinismo_teologico_y_el_problema_del_mal?f_ri=45859"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40319120" data-work_id="40319120" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40319120/Syllabus_Intro_to_Philosophy_Politics_and_Economics">Syllabus: Intro to Philosophy, Politics, and Economics</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40319120" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40319120]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_40319120").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_40319120").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40319120"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="813" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Philosophy">Political Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="813" type="text/json">{"id":813,"name":"Political Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Philosophy?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17802" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diversity_and_Inclusion">Diversity & Inclusion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17802" type="text/json">{"id":17802,"name":"Diversity \u0026 Inclusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diversity_and_Inclusion?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="45859" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Philosophy">Teaching Philosophy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="45859" type="text/json">{"id":45859,"name":"Teaching Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Philosophy?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40319120]'), work: {"id":40319120,"title":"Syllabus: Intro to Philosophy, Politics, and Economics","created_at":"2019-09-11T09:56:06.889-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/40319120/Syllabus_Intro_to_Philosophy_Politics_and_Economics?f_ri=45859","dom_id":"work_40319120","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60561083,"asset_id":40319120,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":224463,"first_name":"Avery","last_name":"Kolers","domain_name":"louisville","page_name":"AveryKolers","display_name":"Avery Kolers","profile_url":"https://louisville.academia.edu/AveryKolers?f_ri=45859","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/224463/815100/3966138/s65_avery.kolers.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":813,"name":"Political Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Philosophy?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false},{"id":17802,"name":"Diversity \u0026 Inclusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diversity_and_Inclusion?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false},{"id":45859,"name":"Teaching Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Philosophy?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37010792" data-work_id="37010792" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37010792/Claudia_Arias_Gina_Carre%C3%B1o_Liliana_Mari%C3%B1o_Actitud_filos%C3%B3fica_como_herramienta_para_pensar_">Claudia Arias, Gina Carreño, Liliana Mariño, "Actitud filosófica como herramienta para pensar"</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Este artículo presenta los resultados de la investigación “Actitud filosófica e infancia: formación y transformación de maestros” desarrollada en el Jardín Infantil de la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (UPTC), como... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37010792" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Este artículo presenta los resultados de la investigación “Actitud filosófica e infancia: formación y transformación de maestros” desarrollada en el Jardín Infantil de la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (UPTC), como estrategia para desarrollar la actitud filosófica a través de la Comunidad de Indagación. Está dividido en tres momentos descriptivos, el primero, consideraciones previas, contiene: la filosofía como herramienta para pensar, la actitud filosófica como estilo de vida, y filosofía para niños como perspectiva teórica y metodológica. El segundo, perspectiva metodológica. El tercer momento, la experiencia como transformación, abarca: comunidad de indagación y lúdica; comunidad de indagación con niños; formación y transformación del maestro; descubriendo la infancia; pensamiento crítico, creativo y ético en la infancia; y, <br />de la comunidad de indagación a una forma de vida.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37010792" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8a23fbbe7e65738b788814f27a147a33" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56960280,"asset_id":37010792,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56960280/download_file?st=MTczMjUwMjc5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="82975469" href="https://javeriana.academia.edu/UniversitasPhilosophica">Universitas Philosophica</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="82975469" type="text/json">{"id":82975469,"first_name":"Universitas","last_name":"Philosophica","domain_name":"javeriana","page_name":"UniversitasPhilosophica","display_name":"Universitas Philosophica","profile_url":"https://javeriana.academia.edu/UniversitasPhilosophica?f_ri=45859","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/82975469/19924504/33254293/s65_universitas.philosophica.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37010792 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37010792"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37010792, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37010792", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37010792]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37010792").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37010792").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37010792"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="922" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education">Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="922" type="text/json">{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2559" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Education">Philosophy of Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2559" type="text/json">{"id":2559,"name":"Philosophy of Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Education?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="45859" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Philosophy">Teaching Philosophy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="45859" type="text/json">{"id":45859,"name":"Teaching Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Philosophy?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37010792]'), work: {"id":37010792,"title":"Claudia Arias, Gina Carreño, Liliana Mariño, \"Actitud filosófica como herramienta para pensar\"","created_at":"2018-07-09T08:10:35.783-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37010792/Claudia_Arias_Gina_Carre%C3%B1o_Liliana_Mari%C3%B1o_Actitud_filos%C3%B3fica_como_herramienta_para_pensar_?f_ri=45859","dom_id":"work_37010792","summary":"Este artículo presenta los resultados de la investigación “Actitud filosófica e infancia: formación y transformación de maestros” desarrollada en el Jardín Infantil de la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (UPTC), como estrategia para desarrollar la actitud filosófica a través de la Comunidad de Indagación. Está dividido en tres momentos descriptivos, el primero, consideraciones previas, contiene: la filosofía como herramienta para pensar, la actitud filosófica como estilo de vida, y filosofía para niños como perspectiva teórica y metodológica. El segundo, perspectiva metodológica. El tercer momento, la experiencia como transformación, abarca: comunidad de indagación y lúdica; comunidad de indagación con niños; formación y transformación del maestro; descubriendo la infancia; pensamiento crítico, creativo y ético en la infancia; y,\r\nde la comunidad de indagación a una forma de vida.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56960280,"asset_id":37010792,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":82975469,"first_name":"Universitas","last_name":"Philosophica","domain_name":"javeriana","page_name":"UniversitasPhilosophica","display_name":"Universitas Philosophica","profile_url":"https://javeriana.academia.edu/UniversitasPhilosophica?f_ri=45859","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/82975469/19924504/33254293/s65_universitas.philosophica.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false},{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false},{"id":2559,"name":"Philosophy of Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Education?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false},{"id":45859,"name":"Teaching Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Philosophy?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false},{"id":61608,"name":"Community of Inquiry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_of_Inquiry?f_ri=45859"},{"id":105641,"name":"Philosophy for Kids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_for_Kids?f_ri=45859"},{"id":113959,"name":"PHILOSOPHY FOR CHILDREN","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PHILOSOPHY_FOR_CHILDREN?f_ri=45859"},{"id":146781,"name":"Philosophy for Kids, Philosophy for Teens, Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_for_Kids_Philosophy_for_Teens_Philosophy?f_ri=45859"},{"id":172264,"name":"Educational studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_studies?f_ri=45859"},{"id":582200,"name":"Philosophical Foundation of Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophical_Foundation_of_Education?f_ri=45859"},{"id":2668648,"name":"Philosophical Attitude","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophical_Attitude?f_ri=45859"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_21744322" data-work_id="21744322" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21744322/An_Outline_for_a_Brief_Teaching_Demonstration_On_the_Distinction_between_Ethics_and_Morality">An Outline for a Brief Teaching Demonstration: On the Distinction between Ethics and Morality</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this article, I outline a teaching demonstration that lasts approximately twenty-two minutes, which a candidate can employ when interviewing for a position in ethics. Since job openings in ethics, and especially applied ethics, are... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_21744322" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this article, I outline a teaching demonstration that lasts approximately twenty-two minutes, which a candidate can employ when interviewing for a position in ethics. Since job openings in ethics, and especially applied ethics, are becoming increasingly common, I think that this outline will be helpful to many candidates deliberating about the topic and structure of their future teaching demonstrations. This demonstration is also especially well-suited to a search at a teaching institution, whether a community college, state college, or state university, where faculty and administration place more emphasis on success in pedagogy than success in research and publication. In the conclusion, I offer some suggestions for ways to adapt this outline for a longer teaching demo.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/21744322" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6190690fd846bc31bc3bbc71ababfb40" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42521083,"asset_id":21744322,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42521083/download_file?st=MTczMjUwMjc5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="58399" href="https://woolf.academia.edu/ShaneRalston">Shane J Ralston</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="58399" type="text/json">{"id":58399,"first_name":"Shane","last_name":"Ralston","domain_name":"woolf","page_name":"ShaneRalston","display_name":"Shane J Ralston","profile_url":"https://woolf.academia.edu/ShaneRalston?f_ri=45859","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/58399/17004/147524942/s65_shane.ralston.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_21744322 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="21744322"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 21744322, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_21744322", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=21744322]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_21744322").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_21744322").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="21744322"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="45859" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Philosophy">Teaching Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="45859" type="text/json">{"id":45859,"name":"Teaching Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Philosophy?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="124971" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education_Systems">Education Systems</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="124971" type="text/json">{"id":124971,"name":"Education Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education_Systems?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=21744322]'), work: {"id":21744322,"title":"An Outline for a Brief Teaching Demonstration: On the Distinction between Ethics and Morality","created_at":"2016-02-09T17:19:57.484-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/21744322/An_Outline_for_a_Brief_Teaching_Demonstration_On_the_Distinction_between_Ethics_and_Morality?f_ri=45859","dom_id":"work_21744322","summary":"In this article, I outline a teaching demonstration that lasts approximately twenty-two minutes, which a candidate can employ when interviewing for a position in ethics. Since job openings in ethics, and especially applied ethics, are becoming increasingly common, I think that this outline will be helpful to many candidates deliberating about the topic and structure of their future teaching demonstrations. This demonstration is also especially well-suited to a search at a teaching institution, whether a community college, state college, or state university, where faculty and administration place more emphasis on success in pedagogy than success in research and publication. In the conclusion, I offer some suggestions for ways to adapt this outline for a longer teaching demo.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42521083,"asset_id":21744322,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":58399,"first_name":"Shane","last_name":"Ralston","domain_name":"woolf","page_name":"ShaneRalston","display_name":"Shane J Ralston","profile_url":"https://woolf.academia.edu/ShaneRalston?f_ri=45859","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/58399/17004/147524942/s65_shane.ralston.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false},{"id":45859,"name":"Teaching Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Philosophy?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false},{"id":124971,"name":"Education Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education_Systems?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12856824" data-work_id="12856824" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12856824/What_Is_This_Thing_Called_Metaphysics_by_Brian_Garrett">What Is This Thing Called Metaphysics?," by Brian Garrett</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12856824" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6616c30e18a6f9dd57f6a704f80d7b88" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44162334,"asset_id":12856824,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44162334/download_file?st=MTczMjUwMjc5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="311960" href="https://dlsu.academia.edu/JeremiahJovenJoaquin">Jeremiah Joven Joaquin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="311960" type="text/json">{"id":311960,"first_name":"Jeremiah Joven","last_name":"Joaquin","domain_name":"dlsu","page_name":"JeremiahJovenJoaquin","display_name":"Jeremiah Joven Joaquin","profile_url":"https://dlsu.academia.edu/JeremiahJovenJoaquin?f_ri=45859","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/311960/77034/100449/s65_jeremiah_joven.joaquin.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12856824 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12856824"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12856824, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12856824", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12856824]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12856824").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12856824").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12856824"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="45859" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Philosophy">Teaching Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="45859" type="text/json">{"id":45859,"name":"Teaching Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Philosophy?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="124971" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education_Systems">Education Systems</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="124971" type="text/json">{"id":124971,"name":"Education Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education_Systems?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12856824]'), work: {"id":12856824,"title":"What Is This Thing Called Metaphysics?,\" by Brian Garrett","created_at":"2015-06-08T00:23:34.555-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12856824/What_Is_This_Thing_Called_Metaphysics_by_Brian_Garrett?f_ri=45859","dom_id":"work_12856824","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44162334,"asset_id":12856824,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":311960,"first_name":"Jeremiah Joven","last_name":"Joaquin","domain_name":"dlsu","page_name":"JeremiahJovenJoaquin","display_name":"Jeremiah Joven Joaquin","profile_url":"https://dlsu.academia.edu/JeremiahJovenJoaquin?f_ri=45859","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/311960/77034/100449/s65_jeremiah_joven.joaquin.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false},{"id":45859,"name":"Teaching Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Philosophy?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false},{"id":124971,"name":"Education Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education_Systems?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1361023" data-work_id="1361023" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1361023/Philosophy_Has_Consequences_Developing_Metacognition_and_Active_Learning_in_the_Ethics_Classroom">Philosophy Has Consequences! Developing Metacognition and Active Learning in the Ethics Classroom</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The importance of enchancing metacognition and encouraging active learning in philosophy teaching has been increasingly recognised in recent years. Yet traditional teaching methods have not always centralised helping students to become... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1361023" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The importance of enchancing metacognition and encouraging active learning in philosophy teaching has been increasingly recognised in recent years. Yet traditional teaching methods have not always centralised helping students to become  reflectively and critically aware of the quality and consistency of their own thinking. This is particularly relevant when teaching moral philosophy, where apparently inconsistent intuitions and responses are common. In this paper I discuss the theoretical basis of the relevance of metacognition and active learning for teaching moral philosophy. Applying recent discussions of metacognition, intuition conflicts and survey-based teaching techniques, I then outline a strategy for encouraging metacognitive awareness of tensions in students’ pretheoretical beliefs, and developing a critical self-awareness of their development as moral thinkers.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1361023" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c4ea25e2e0651cf218d7fdd7012e9845" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47490939,"asset_id":1361023,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47490939/download_file?st=MTczMjUwMjc5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="85915" href="https://deakin.academia.edu/PatrickStokes">Patrick Stokes</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="85915" type="text/json">{"id":85915,"first_name":"Patrick","last_name":"Stokes","domain_name":"deakin","page_name":"PatrickStokes","display_name":"Patrick Stokes","profile_url":"https://deakin.academia.edu/PatrickStokes?f_ri=45859","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/85915/23964/604812/s65_patrick.stokes.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1361023 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1361023"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1361023, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1361023", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1361023]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1361023").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1361023").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1361023"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8667" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metacognition">Metacognition</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8667" type="text/json">{"id":8667,"name":"Metacognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metacognition?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="45859" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Philosophy">Teaching Philosophy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="45859" type="text/json">{"id":45859,"name":"Teaching Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Philosophy?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1361023]'), work: {"id":1361023,"title":"Philosophy Has Consequences! Developing Metacognition and Active Learning in the Ethics Classroom","created_at":"2012-02-08T10:39:38.671-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1361023/Philosophy_Has_Consequences_Developing_Metacognition_and_Active_Learning_in_the_Ethics_Classroom?f_ri=45859","dom_id":"work_1361023","summary":"The importance of enchancing metacognition and encouraging active learning in philosophy teaching has been increasingly recognised in recent years. Yet traditional teaching methods have not always centralised helping students to become reflectively and critically aware of the quality and consistency of their own thinking. This is particularly relevant when teaching moral philosophy, where apparently inconsistent intuitions and responses are common. In this paper I discuss the theoretical basis of the relevance of metacognition and active learning for teaching moral philosophy. Applying recent discussions of metacognition, intuition conflicts and survey-based teaching techniques, I then outline a strategy for encouraging metacognitive awareness of tensions in students’ pretheoretical beliefs, and developing a critical self-awareness of their development as moral thinkers.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47490939,"asset_id":1361023,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":85915,"first_name":"Patrick","last_name":"Stokes","domain_name":"deakin","page_name":"PatrickStokes","display_name":"Patrick Stokes","profile_url":"https://deakin.academia.edu/PatrickStokes?f_ri=45859","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/85915/23964/604812/s65_patrick.stokes.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8667,"name":"Metacognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metacognition?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false},{"id":45859,"name":"Teaching Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Philosophy?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18336113" data-work_id="18336113" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18336113/Viajar_para_vivir">Viajar para vivir</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Estamos habituados a ver, en la historia de la filosofía, un conjunto de ideas, doctrinas y posiciones teóricas sobre determinados asuntos o problemas. Es la visión más habitual, casi normal. Sin embargo, la historia de la filosofía... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_18336113" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Estamos habituados a ver, en la historia de la filosofía, un conjunto de ideas, doctrinas y posiciones teóricas sobre determinados asuntos o problemas. <br />Es la visión más habitual, casi normal. Sin embargo, la historia de la filosofía puede ser otra cosa distinta. Por ejemplo, para Michel Foucault es más bien la historia de la vida como un problema filosófico, el de cómo vivir una vida que valga la pena de ser vivida y cómo situar la propia vida en una tradición de pensamiento que dé sentido y razón al propio estilo de vida. La vida de Sócrates es para Foucault el inicio de esa tradición. La vida de los cínicos la continúa y profundiza. La vida cínica es la filosofía confundida con la vida. <br />Este libro es un modo de viajar a través de algunas compañías históricas y contemporáneas, como el mismo Foucault, el Sócrates de Atenas y el de Caracas, Simón Rodríguez, los cínicos, y algunas otras vidas que nos ayudan a pensarla filosóficamente. Es también un libro sobre el nomadismo y la errancia y sobre el vivir viajando y el viajar para vivir. La vida como ensayo y escuela de viaje. La vida confundida con un viaje. Un viaje transformado en libro. Un libro convertido en viaje.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18336113" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="54d15528e2060ff107269b37ff5bec11" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40001242,"asset_id":18336113,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40001242/download_file?st=MTczMjUwMjc5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="24062188" href="https://uerj.academia.edu/WalterKohan">Walter Kohan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="24062188" type="text/json">{"id":24062188,"first_name":"Walter","last_name":"Kohan","domain_name":"uerj","page_name":"WalterKohan","display_name":"Walter Kohan","profile_url":"https://uerj.academia.edu/WalterKohan?f_ri=45859","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24062188/6494430/18228333/s65_walter.kohan.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_18336113 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="18336113"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18336113, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_18336113", }); 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Sin embargo, la historia de la filosofía puede ser otra cosa distinta. Por ejemplo, para Michel Foucault es más bien la historia de la vida como un problema filosófico, el de cómo vivir una vida que valga la pena de ser vivida y cómo situar la propia vida en una tradición de pensamiento que dé sentido y razón al propio estilo de vida. La vida de Sócrates es para Foucault el inicio de esa tradición. La vida de los cínicos la continúa y profundiza. La vida cínica es la filosofía confundida con la vida. \nEste libro es un modo de viajar a través de algunas compañías históricas y contemporáneas, como el mismo Foucault, el Sócrates de Atenas y el de Caracas, Simón Rodríguez, los cínicos, y algunas otras vidas que nos ayudan a pensarla filosóficamente. Es también un libro sobre el nomadismo y la errancia y sobre el vivir viajando y el viajar para vivir. La vida como ensayo y escuela de viaje. La vida confundida con un viaje. Un viaje transformado en libro. Un libro convertido en viaje.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40001242,"asset_id":18336113,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":24062188,"first_name":"Walter","last_name":"Kohan","domain_name":"uerj","page_name":"WalterKohan","display_name":"Walter Kohan","profile_url":"https://uerj.academia.edu/WalterKohan?f_ri=45859","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24062188/6494430/18228333/s65_walter.kohan.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2559,"name":"Philosophy of Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Education?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false},{"id":45859,"name":"Teaching Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Philosophy?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false},{"id":113959,"name":"PHILOSOPHY FOR CHILDREN","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PHILOSOPHY_FOR_CHILDREN?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_727882" data-work_id="727882" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/727882/Can_children_be_taught_philosophy">Can children be taught philosophy?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/727882" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a1de0b20cb0b9eb11d0ed8f4bb8a8464" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47630319,"asset_id":727882,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47630319/download_file?st=MTczMjUwMjc5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="11840" href="https://bham.academia.edu/MichaelHand">Michael Hand</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="11840" type="text/json">{"id":11840,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Hand","domain_name":"bham","page_name":"MichaelHand","display_name":"Michael Hand","profile_url":"https://bham.academia.edu/MichaelHand?f_ri=45859","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11840/79926/1475558/s65_michael.hand.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_727882 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="727882"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 727882, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_727882", }); 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The book includes: a preface, brief explanatory notes, supplementary boxes containing related philosophical material,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_50790744" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A concise open-access teaching resource featuring essential selections from Gandhi on the philosophy of nonviolence. The book includes: a preface, brief explanatory notes, supplementary boxes containing related philosophical material, images and videos, an appendix on post-Gandhian nonviolence, questions for reflection/discussion, and suggestions for further study.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/50790744" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="035c5feae75439d496aa9fd3e4747e44" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68657276,"asset_id":50790744,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68657276/download_file?st=MTczMjUwMjc5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="235880" href="https://geneseo.academia.edu/BrianCBarnett">Brian C Barnett</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="235880" type="text/json">{"id":235880,"first_name":"Brian","last_name":"Barnett","domain_name":"geneseo","page_name":"BrianCBarnett","display_name":"Brian C Barnett","profile_url":"https://geneseo.academia.edu/BrianCBarnett?f_ri=45859","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/235880/832646/50153611/s65_brian.barnett.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_50790744 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="50790744"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 50790744, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_50790744", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=50790744]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_50790744").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_50790744").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="50790744"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25411" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_Education">Peace Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="25411" type="text/json">{"id":25411,"name":"Peace Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_Education?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="45859" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Philosophy">Teaching Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="45859" type="text/json">{"id":45859,"name":"Teaching Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Philosophy?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="70240" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mahatma_Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="70240" type="text/json">{"id":70240,"name":"Mahatma Gandhi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mahatma_Gandhi?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="120090" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_and_Non-violence">Peace and Non-violence</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="120090" type="text/json">{"id":120090,"name":"Peace and Non-violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_and_Non-violence?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=50790744]'), work: {"id":50790744,"title":"Gandhi's Philosophy of Nonviolence: Essential Selections","created_at":"2021-08-08T07:25:31.536-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/50790744/Gandhis_Philosophy_of_Nonviolence_Essential_Selections?f_ri=45859","dom_id":"work_50790744","summary":"A concise open-access teaching resource featuring essential selections from Gandhi on the philosophy of nonviolence. 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})();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37724920" data-work_id="37724920" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37724920/The_Three_Virtues_of_an_Historical_Approach_to_the_History_of_Philosophy">The Three Virtues of an Historical Approach to the History of Philosophy</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37724920" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" 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href="https://www.academia.edu/391347/_%CE%A4%CE%BF_%CF%86%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%86%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CF%81%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9_%CE%B7_%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AC%CF%80%CF%84%CF%85%CE%BE%CE%B7_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE%CF%82_%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%88%CE%B7%CF%82_">«Το φιλοσοφικό επιχείρημα και η ανάπτυξη της κριτικής σκέψης»</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/391347" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0cb293c76fa171a4e3e3b6e541591e5f" 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href="https://www.academia.edu/1100230/The_Role_of_Identity_in_Teaching_Philosophy">The Role of Identity in Teaching Philosophy</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1100230" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0ec7280f62129891cc5f53b4e9d078fb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41580222,"asset_id":1100230,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" 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itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36429828/Kant_Groundwork_for_the_Metaphysics_of_Morals_Course_Material_">Kant: Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals (Course Material)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Description, Handouts, Slides, and Coursework Question for my course on Kant's 'Groundwork', Michaelmas Term 2017.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36429828" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36429828]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36429828").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36429828").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36429828"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="45859" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Philosophy">Teaching Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="45859" type="text/json">{"id":45859,"name":"Teaching Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Philosophy?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="57949" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Philosophy">Modern Philosophy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="57949" type="text/json">{"id":57949,"name":"Modern Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Philosophy?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36429828]'), work: {"id":36429828,"title":"Kant: Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals (Course Material)","created_at":"2018-04-17T11:59:04.329-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36429828/Kant_Groundwork_for_the_Metaphysics_of_Morals_Course_Material_?f_ri=45859","dom_id":"work_36429828","summary":"Description, Handouts, Slides, and Coursework Question for my course on Kant's 'Groundwork', Michaelmas Term 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type="text/json">{"id":45859,"name":"Teaching Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Philosophy?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="124971" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education_Systems">Education Systems</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="124971" type="text/json">{"id":124971,"name":"Education Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education_Systems?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=81779316]'), work: {"id":81779316,"title":"Introduction to Philosophy: Classical and Contemporary 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class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38061" href="https://laguardia.academia.edu/DanaTrusso">Dana Trusso</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38061" type="text/json">{"id":38061,"first_name":"Dana","last_name":"Trusso","domain_name":"laguardia","page_name":"DanaTrusso","display_name":"Dana Trusso","profile_url":"https://laguardia.academia.edu/DanaTrusso?f_ri=45859","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/38061/12665/48139071/s65_dana.trusso.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_18386579 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="18386579"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18386579, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_18386579", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_18386579 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18386579]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_18386579").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_18386579").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="18386579"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="45859" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Philosophy">Teaching Philosophy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="45859" type="text/json">{"id":45859,"name":"Teaching Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Philosophy?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=18386579]'), work: {"id":18386579,"title":"Presentations for Introduction to Philosophy","created_at":"2015-11-15T10:26:19.026-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/18386579/Presentations_for_Introduction_to_Philosophy?f_ri=45859","dom_id":"work_18386579","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40027490,"asset_id":18386579,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38061,"first_name":"Dana","last_name":"Trusso","domain_name":"laguardia","page_name":"DanaTrusso","display_name":"Dana Trusso","profile_url":"https://laguardia.academia.edu/DanaTrusso?f_ri=45859","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/38061/12665/48139071/s65_dana.trusso.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false},{"id":45859,"name":"Teaching Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Philosophy?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11905018" data-work_id="11905018" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11905018/The_Philosophy_for_Children_Curriculum_Resisting_Teacher_Proof_Texts_and_the_Formation_of_the_Ideal_Philosopher_Child">The Philosophy for Children Curriculum: Resisting ‘Teacher Proof’ Texts and the Formation of the Ideal Philosopher Child</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The philosophy for children curriculum was specially written by Matthew Lipman and colleagues for the teaching of philosophy by non-philosophically educated teachers from foundation phase to further education colleges. In this article I... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11905018" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The philosophy for children curriculum was specially written by Matthew<br />Lipman and colleagues for the teaching of philosophy by non-philosophically educated<br />teachers from foundation phase to further education colleges. In this article I argue that<br />such a curriculum is neither a necessary, not a sufficient condition for the teaching of<br />philosophical thinking. The philosophical knowledge and pedagogical tact of the teacher<br />remains salient, in that the open-ended and unpredictable nature of philosophical enquiry<br />demands of teachers to think in the moment and draw on their own knowledge and<br />experience of academic philosophy. Providing specialist training or induction in the P4C<br />curriculum cannot and should not replace undergraduate and postgraduate degrees in<br />academic philosophy at universities. However, although for academic philosophers the use<br />of the P4C curriculum could be beneficial, I will argue that its use poses the risk of wanting<br />to form children into the ideal ‘abnormal’ child, the thinking child—the adult philosopher’s<br />child positioned as such by the Lipman novels. The notion of narrativity is central in<br />my argument. With the help of two picturebooks—The Three Pigs (2001) by David<br />Weisner and Voices in the Park (1998) by Anthony Browne—I illustrate my claim that<br />philosophy as ‘side-shadowing’ or meta-thinking can only be generated in the space ‘in<br />between’ text, child and educator, thereby foregrounding a ‘pedagogy of exposure’ (Biesta<br />2011) rather than ‘teacher proof’ texts.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11905018" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b4177340c627c8e5bceddaef4e490904" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37279239,"asset_id":11905018,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37279239/download_file?st=MTczMjUwMjc5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2766952" href="https://oulunyliopisto.academia.edu/ProfessorKarinMurris">Professor Karin Murris</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2766952" type="text/json">{"id":2766952,"first_name":"Professor Karin","last_name":"Murris","domain_name":"oulunyliopisto","page_name":"ProfessorKarinMurris","display_name":"Professor Karin Murris","profile_url":"https://oulunyliopisto.academia.edu/ProfessorKarinMurris?f_ri=45859","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2766952/900476/39519019/s65_professor_karin.murris.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11905018 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11905018"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11905018, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11905018", }); 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In this article I argue that\nsuch a curriculum is neither a necessary, not a sufficient condition for the teaching of\nphilosophical thinking. The philosophical knowledge and pedagogical tact of the teacher\nremains salient, in that the open-ended and unpredictable nature of philosophical enquiry\ndemands of teachers to think in the moment and draw on their own knowledge and\nexperience of academic philosophy. Providing specialist training or induction in the P4C\ncurriculum cannot and should not replace undergraduate and postgraduate degrees in\nacademic philosophy at universities. However, although for academic philosophers the use\nof the P4C curriculum could be beneficial, I will argue that its use poses the risk of wanting\nto form children into the ideal ‘abnormal’ child, the thinking child—the adult philosopher’s\nchild positioned as such by the Lipman novels. The notion of narrativity is central in\nmy argument. With the help of two picturebooks—The Three Pigs (2001) by David\nWeisner and Voices in the Park (1998) by Anthony Browne—I illustrate my claim that\nphilosophy as ‘side-shadowing’ or meta-thinking can only be generated in the space ‘in\nbetween’ text, child and educator, thereby foregrounding a ‘pedagogy of exposure’ (Biesta\n2011) rather than ‘teacher proof’ texts.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37279239,"asset_id":11905018,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2766952,"first_name":"Professor Karin","last_name":"Murris","domain_name":"oulunyliopisto","page_name":"ProfessorKarinMurris","display_name":"Professor Karin Murris","profile_url":"https://oulunyliopisto.academia.edu/ProfessorKarinMurris?f_ri=45859","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2766952/900476/39519019/s65_professor_karin.murris.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1231,"name":"Sociology of Children and Childhood","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Children_and_Childhood?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false},{"id":2559,"name":"Philosophy of Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Education?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false},{"id":3487,"name":"Teaching Thinking Skills","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Thinking_Skills?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false},{"id":3753,"name":"Early Childhood Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Childhood_Education?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false},{"id":4474,"name":"Critical Thinking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Thinking?f_ri=45859"},{"id":45858,"name":"P4c","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/P4c?f_ri=45859"},{"id":45859,"name":"Teaching Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Philosophy?f_ri=45859"},{"id":52316,"name":"Community of 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Teachers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Childrens_Literature_Teacher_Education_Literacy_Instruction_for_Preservice_Teachers?f_ri=45859"},{"id":894947,"name":"Sociology of Childhood and Youth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Childhood_and_Youth?f_ri=45859"},{"id":1185802,"name":"Childism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Childism?f_ri=45859"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_45653753" data-work_id="45653753" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/45653753/_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A1_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A2%D9%86_%D8%A3%D9%88_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%AE%D8%B5_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A_">‫”الإنسان“ و”المرء“ في القرآن، أو بين الماهية الميتافيزيقية والشخص الأخلاقي‬</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">يتحدث القرآن عن الكائن البشري (وإليه) مستخدما مفردات عدة من قبيل: الإنسان، الناس، بنو آدم، النفس.. والتي يمكن أن نجد لها، بسهولة، مقابلات في اللغات الأجنبية. بيد أنه يستخدم أيضاً لفظاً آخر يكاد يكون غير قابل للترجمة، ولم ينل بعدُ حقه من... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_45653753" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">يتحدث القرآن عن الكائن البشري (وإليه) مستخدما مفردات عدة من قبيل: الإنسان، الناس، بنو آدم، النفس.. والتي يمكن أن نجد لها، بسهولة، مقابلات في اللغات الأجنبية. بيد أنه يستخدم أيضاً لفظاً آخر يكاد يكون غير قابل للترجمة، ولم ينل بعدُ حقه من الدراسة، هو ”المرء“. وتأتي الدراسة الحالية لتبحث في الاستعمال القرآني لهذا اللفظ الأخير بغية التدليل على أنه اللفظ الأقرب إلى تأدية المعنى الحديث لـ ”الشخص“ بما هو ذات أخلاقية‫.‬<br />The  Qur ʾān  speaks  about  the  human  being  (and  to  him)  using  several  terms  such  as  insān (human), nās (people), banū Ādam (children of Adam), nafs (soul), expressions for  which  we  can  easily  find  counterparts  in  other  languages.  However,  it  also  uses  another word that is almost untranslatable, and has not yet been sufficiently studied, namely marʾ.  This  study  focuses  on  the  Qur ʾānic  use  of  the  latter  word,  in  order  to  demonstrate that it is the word that comes closest to the modern meaning of “person” in terms of an ethical being</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/45653753" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b14e91dfbff82017837120e1ce7ed1ae" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66153004,"asset_id":45653753,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_Studies-1">Quranic Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7983" type="text/json">{"id":7983,"name":"Quranic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_Studies-1?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="45859" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Philosophy">Teaching Philosophy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="45859" type="text/json">{"id":45859,"name":"Teaching Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Philosophy?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=45653753]'), work: {"id":45653753,"title":"‫”الإنسان“ و”المرء“ في القرآن، أو بين الماهية الميتافيزيقية والشخص الأخلاقي‬","created_at":"2021-03-31T13:51:53.997-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/45653753/_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A1_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A2%D9%86_%D8%A3%D9%88_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%AE%D8%B5_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A_?f_ri=45859","dom_id":"work_45653753","summary":"يتحدث القرآن عن الكائن البشري (وإليه) مستخدما مفردات عدة من قبيل: الإنسان، الناس، بنو آدم، النفس.. والتي يمكن أن نجد لها، بسهولة، مقابلات في اللغات الأجنبية. بيد أنه يستخدم أيضاً لفظاً آخر يكاد يكون غير قابل للترجمة، ولم ينل بعدُ حقه من الدراسة، هو ”المرء“. وتأتي الدراسة الحالية لتبحث في الاستعمال القرآني لهذا اللفظ الأخير بغية التدليل على أنه اللفظ الأقرب إلى تأدية المعنى الحديث لـ ”الشخص“ بما هو ذات أخلاقية‫.‬\nThe Qur ʾān speaks about the human being (and to him) using several terms such as insān (human), nās (people), banū Ādam (children of Adam), nafs (soul), expressions for which we can easily find counterparts in other languages. However, it also uses another word that is almost untranslatable, and has not yet been sufficiently studied, namely marʾ. This study focuses on the Qur ʾānic use of the latter word, in order to demonstrate that it is the word that comes closest to the modern meaning of “person” in terms of an ethical being","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66153004,"asset_id":45653753,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":46997893,"first_name":"Dr. Chafik","last_name":"Graiguer","domain_name":"umi-ma","page_name":"DrChafikGraiguer","display_name":"Dr. Chafik Graiguer","profile_url":"https://umi-ma.academia.edu/DrChafikGraiguer?f_ri=45859","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/46997893/12413907/40752737/s65_chafik.graiguer.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":814,"name":"Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false},{"id":4474,"name":"Critical Thinking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Thinking?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false},{"id":7983,"name":"Quranic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quranic_Studies-1?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false},{"id":45859,"name":"Teaching Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Philosophy?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false},{"id":628523,"name":"Philosophy of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Religion-1?f_ri=45859"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38698032" data-work_id="38698032" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38698032/The_Ethics_of_Abortion">The Ethics of Abortion</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Abortion involves the intentional killing of a fetus to end a pregnancy. These fetuses are human, biologically.1 It seems that fetuses are beings, albeit completely dependent beings: what else would they be? So, abortion involves the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38698032" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Abortion involves the intentional killing of a fetus to end a pregnancy. These fetuses are human, biologically.1 It seems that fetuses are beings, albeit completely dependent beings: what else would they be? So, abortion involves the intentional killing of a human being. Killing human beings is often deeply wrong, so is abortion wrong? If so, when? And why? In this essay, we’ll look at some influential answers to these questions.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38698032" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="95bb6c211bf74e049f659a67d6e9898e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58781040,"asset_id":38698032,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58781040/download_file?st=MTczMjUwMjc5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="658968" href="https://morehouse.academia.edu/NathanNobis">Nathan Nobis</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="658968" type="text/json">{"id":658968,"first_name":"Nathan","last_name":"Nobis","domain_name":"morehouse","page_name":"NathanNobis","display_name":"Nathan Nobis","profile_url":"https://morehouse.academia.edu/NathanNobis?f_ri=45859","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/658968/229073/2422952/s65_nathan.nobis.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38698032 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38698032"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38698032, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38698032", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_38698032 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38698032; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_38698032"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_38698032 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38698032"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38698032; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38698032]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38698032").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38698032").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38698032"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="814" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics">Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="814" type="text/json">{"id":814,"name":"Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1414" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioethics">Bioethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1414" type="text/json">{"id":1414,"name":"Bioethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioethics?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9435" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Ethics">Medical Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9435" type="text/json">{"id":9435,"name":"Medical Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Ethics?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18373" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moral_Philosophy">Moral Philosophy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="18373" type="text/json">{"id":18373,"name":"Moral Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moral_Philosophy?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38698032]'), work: {"id":38698032,"title":"The Ethics of Abortion","created_at":"2019-04-02T19:34:46.821-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38698032/The_Ethics_of_Abortion?f_ri=45859","dom_id":"work_38698032","summary":"Abortion involves the intentional killing of a fetus to end a pregnancy. These fetuses are human, biologically.1 It seems that fetuses are beings, albeit completely dependent beings: what else would they be? So, abortion involves the intentional killing of a human being. Killing human beings is often deeply wrong, so is abortion wrong? If so, when? And why? In this essay, we’ll look at some influential answers to these questions.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58781040,"asset_id":38698032,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":658968,"first_name":"Nathan","last_name":"Nobis","domain_name":"morehouse","page_name":"NathanNobis","display_name":"Nathan Nobis","profile_url":"https://morehouse.academia.edu/NathanNobis?f_ri=45859","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/658968/229073/2422952/s65_nathan.nobis.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":814,"name":"Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false},{"id":1414,"name":"Bioethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioethics?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false},{"id":9435,"name":"Medical Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Ethics?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false},{"id":18373,"name":"Moral Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moral_Philosophy?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false},{"id":29126,"name":"Abortion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Abortion?f_ri=45859"},{"id":45859,"name":"Teaching Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Philosophy?f_ri=45859"},{"id":154647,"name":"Abortion legislation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Abortion_legislation?f_ri=45859"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9913501" data-work_id="9913501" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9913501/DOS_EJEMPLOS_DE_PLANTEAMIENTOS_DE_PROBLEMAS_FILOS%C3%93FICOS_PARA_USO_EN_LA_ENSE%C3%91ANZA_DE_LA_FILOSOF%C3%8DA_Bachillerato_">DOS EJEMPLOS DE PLANTEAMIENTOS DE PROBLEMAS FILOSÓFICOS PARA USO EN LA ENSEÑANZA DE LA FILOSOFÍA (Bachillerato)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In the next, I expose two different philosophical problems largely as examples for high school students interested in philosophical research. The objective is to give the student a good example of how to formulate a philosophical problem... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9913501" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In the next, I expose two different philosophical problems largely as examples for high school students interested in philosophical research. The objective is to give the student a good example of how to formulate a philosophical problem in order of make him or her capable of develop his own problem for the research developed. <br /> <br />The two problems exposed are: the political status of the atheist in the political philosophy of John Locke and a response against the theory of mind-brain identity.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9913501" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0c47be2be980d78b4b6265c0cc78c6d3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36068334,"asset_id":9913501,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36068334/download_file?st=MTczMjUwMjc5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2714824" href="https://unam.academia.edu/AAvila">Alfredo Avila</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2714824" type="text/json">{"id":2714824,"first_name":"Alfredo","last_name":"Avila","domain_name":"unam","page_name":"AAvila","display_name":"Alfredo Avila","profile_url":"https://unam.academia.edu/AAvila?f_ri=45859","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9913501 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9913501"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9913501, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9913501", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9913501]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_9913501").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_9913501").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="9913501"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="43964" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophical_Methodology">Philosophical Methodology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="43964" type="text/json">{"id":43964,"name":"Philosophical Methodology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophical_Methodology?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="45859" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Philosophy">Teaching Philosophy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="45859" type="text/json">{"id":45859,"name":"Teaching Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Philosophy?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9913501]'), work: {"id":9913501,"title":"DOS EJEMPLOS DE PLANTEAMIENTOS DE PROBLEMAS FILOSÓFICOS PARA USO EN LA ENSEÑANZA DE LA FILOSOFÍA (Bachillerato)","created_at":"2014-12-27T00:54:29.653-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/9913501/DOS_EJEMPLOS_DE_PLANTEAMIENTOS_DE_PROBLEMAS_FILOS%C3%93FICOS_PARA_USO_EN_LA_ENSE%C3%91ANZA_DE_LA_FILOSOF%C3%8DA_Bachillerato_?f_ri=45859","dom_id":"work_9913501","summary":"In the next, I expose two different philosophical problems largely as examples for high school students interested in philosophical research. The objective is to give the student a good example of how to formulate a philosophical problem in order of make him or her capable of develop his own problem for the research developed.\r\n\r\nThe two problems exposed are: the political status of the atheist in the political philosophy of John Locke and a response against the theory of mind-brain identity.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36068334,"asset_id":9913501,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2714824,"first_name":"Alfredo","last_name":"Avila","domain_name":"unam","page_name":"AAvila","display_name":"Alfredo Avila","profile_url":"https://unam.academia.edu/AAvila?f_ri=45859","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":43964,"name":"Philosophical Methodology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophical_Methodology?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false},{"id":45859,"name":"Teaching Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Philosophy?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_48769579" data-work_id="48769579" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/48769579/Bacon_to_Kant">Bacon to Kant</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/48769579" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="72c38d3b49c7916d62844dcb61d1b482" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67213107,"asset_id":48769579,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67213107/download_file?st=MTczMjUwMjc5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8472910" href="https://mcphs.academia.edu/KenRichman">Ken Richman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8472910" type="text/json">{"id":8472910,"first_name":"Ken","last_name":"Richman","domain_name":"mcphs","page_name":"KenRichman","display_name":"Ken Richman","profile_url":"https://mcphs.academia.edu/KenRichman?f_ri=45859","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8472910/16824137/17071959/s65_ken.richman.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_48769579 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="48769579"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 48769579, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_48769579", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_48769579 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Philosophy">Teaching Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="45859" type="text/json">{"id":45859,"name":"Teaching Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Philosophy?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="124971" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education_Systems">Education Systems</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="124971" type="text/json">{"id":124971,"name":"Education Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education_Systems?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=48769579]'), work: {"id":48769579,"title":"Bacon to 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})();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_17181579" data-work_id="17181579" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17181579/The_Animal_Ethics_Reader_2nd_edition_">The Animal Ethics Reader (2nd edition)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17181579" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li 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The creation of safe spaces is meant to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34944225" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In the APA Newsletter on Feminism and Philosophy, Lauren Freeman (2014) advocates that faculty turn their classrooms into “safe spaces” as a method for increasing the diversity of philosophy majors. The creation of safe spaces is meant to make women and minority students “feel sufficiently comfortable” and thereby increase the likelihood that they pursue philosophy as a major or career. Although I agree with Freeman’s goal, I argue that philosophers, and faculty in general, should reject the call for turning classrooms into “safe spaces.” I begin by distinguishing extra-curricular safe spaces from the classroom as a safe space. I then argue that although faculty should not object to extra-curricular safe spaces, they should reject curricular ones. I argue that the classroom as a safe space is currently an impractical and inappropriate goal given the nature of academic philosophy, and that encouraging students to think of classrooms as safe/unsafe does not facilitate learning. Nonetheless, I agree with Freeman that faculty should take steps to ensure that students from all backgrounds have the tools they need to be successful in the classroom. I further argue that faculty calls for safe spaces creates confusion concerning the educative environment one should expect to find at the majority of America universities</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34944225" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="049b6b69776b804f22cb564cae96689e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54806459,"asset_id":34944225,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54806459/download_file?st=MTczMjUwMjc5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6085925" href="https://arapahoe.academia.edu/DavidSackris">David Sackris</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6085925" type="text/json">{"id":6085925,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Sackris","domain_name":"arapahoe","page_name":"DavidSackris","display_name":"David Sackris","profile_url":"https://arapahoe.academia.edu/DavidSackris?f_ri=45859","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6085925/2551078/26415078/s65_david.sackris.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34944225 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34944225"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34944225, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34944225", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_34944225 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34944225; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_34944225"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_34944225 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="34944225"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34944225; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34944225]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_34944225").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_34944225").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="34944225"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="45859" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Philosophy">Teaching Philosophy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="45859" type="text/json">{"id":45859,"name":"Teaching Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Philosophy?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=34944225]'), work: {"id":34944225,"title":"Considering the Classroom as a Safe Space","created_at":"2017-10-24T07:59:07.766-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/34944225/Considering_the_Classroom_as_a_Safe_Space?f_ri=45859","dom_id":"work_34944225","summary":"In the APA Newsletter on Feminism and Philosophy, Lauren Freeman (2014) advocates that faculty turn their classrooms into “safe spaces” as a method for increasing the diversity of philosophy majors. The creation of safe spaces is meant to make women and minority students “feel sufficiently comfortable” and thereby increase the likelihood that they pursue philosophy as a major or career. Although I agree with Freeman’s goal, I argue that philosophers, and faculty in general, should reject the call for turning classrooms into “safe spaces.” I begin by distinguishing extra-curricular safe spaces from the classroom as a safe space. I then argue that although faculty should not object to extra-curricular safe spaces, they should reject curricular ones. I argue that the classroom as a safe space is currently an impractical and inappropriate goal given the nature of academic philosophy, and that encouraging students to think of classrooms as safe/unsafe does not facilitate learning. Nonetheless, I agree with Freeman that faculty should take steps to ensure that students from all backgrounds have the tools they need to be successful in the classroom. I further argue that faculty calls for safe spaces creates confusion concerning the educative environment one should expect to find at the majority of America universities","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54806459,"asset_id":34944225,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6085925,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Sackris","domain_name":"arapahoe","page_name":"DavidSackris","display_name":"David Sackris","profile_url":"https://arapahoe.academia.edu/DavidSackris?f_ri=45859","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6085925/2551078/26415078/s65_david.sackris.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":45859,"name":"Teaching Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Philosophy?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_25398410" data-work_id="25398410" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25398410/Waldorf_Educational_Philosophy">Waldorf Educational Philosophy</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">This presentation summarizes the key points of teh philosophy of the Waldorf schools</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25398410" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="90282b6a87f5af09198e19eb92665bd0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45711128,"asset_id":25398410,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45711128/download_file?st=MTczMjUwMjc5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1301835" href="https://lcwu.academia.edu/shaguftamoghal">shagufta moghal</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1301835" type="text/json">{"id":1301835,"first_name":"shagufta","last_name":"moghal","domain_name":"lcwu","page_name":"shaguftamoghal","display_name":"shagufta moghal","profile_url":"https://lcwu.academia.edu/shaguftamoghal?f_ri=45859","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1301835/2710682/34910993/s65_shagufta.moghal.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_25398410 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="25398410"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 25398410, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_25398410", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=25398410]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_25398410").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_25398410").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="25398410"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="807" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Language">Philosophy Of Language</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="807" type="text/json">{"id":807,"name":"Philosophy Of Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Language?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="887" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_and_Learning">Teaching and Learning</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="887" type="text/json">{"id":887,"name":"Teaching and Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_and_Learning?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1601" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teacher_Education">Teacher Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1601" type="text/json">{"id":1601,"name":"Teacher Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teacher_Education?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3457" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Learning_and_Teaching">Learning and Teaching</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3457" type="text/json">{"id":3457,"name":"Learning and Teaching","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Learning_and_Teaching?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=25398410]'), work: {"id":25398410,"title":"Waldorf Educational Philosophy","created_at":"2016-05-17T08:02:51.709-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/25398410/Waldorf_Educational_Philosophy?f_ri=45859","dom_id":"work_25398410","summary":"This presentation summarizes the key points of teh philosophy of the Waldorf schools","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45711128,"asset_id":25398410,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1301835,"first_name":"shagufta","last_name":"moghal","domain_name":"lcwu","page_name":"shaguftamoghal","display_name":"shagufta moghal","profile_url":"https://lcwu.academia.edu/shaguftamoghal?f_ri=45859","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1301835/2710682/34910993/s65_shagufta.moghal.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":807,"name":"Philosophy Of Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Language?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false},{"id":887,"name":"Teaching and Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_and_Learning?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false},{"id":1601,"name":"Teacher Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teacher_Education?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false},{"id":3457,"name":"Learning and Teaching","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Learning_and_Teaching?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false},{"id":3979,"name":"English language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/English_language?f_ri=45859"},{"id":13545,"name":"Teacher Training","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teacher_Training?f_ri=45859"},{"id":25953,"name":"Young People","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_People?f_ri=45859"},{"id":45859,"name":"Teaching Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Philosophy?f_ri=45859"},{"id":181852,"name":"Young Learners","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Learners?f_ri=45859"},{"id":319050,"name":"Teaching English to Young Learners","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_English_to_Young_Learners?f_ri=45859"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31648783" data-work_id="31648783" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31648783/Teaching_Philosophy_Service_Statement_and_Research_Statement">Teaching Philosophy, Service Statement, & Research Statement</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">It is not easy to decide which I like better – being a student or being a teacher. Perhaps it is for that reason that I so strongly believe in Freire's assertion that the teacher-student contradiction is a false one. I try to model my own... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_31648783" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">It is not easy to decide which I like better – being a student or being a teacher. Perhaps it is for that reason that I so strongly believe in Freire's assertion that the teacher-student contradiction is a false one. I try to model my own love of learning to students. Culturally relevant and project-based activities, service-learning, accountability, and collaboration are central to my philosophy and practice of teaching and learning. As an educator, I embrace a culturally responsive pedagogy with data-driven instruction that values and incorporates the principles of service-learning and project-based learning. I believe such engaged learning prepares students for both active civic participation and for successful careers. My 10+ years of teaching and mentoring experience has given me opportunities to learn first-hand the benefits of this engaged approach for all students, especially for at-risk students and students with disabilities. Because teaching and learning are woven together for me I am committed to a teaching praxis that continuously challenges the teacher-student contradiction.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31648783" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="770e508d97e52606207f95af83b150df" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60907995,"asset_id":31648783,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60907995/download_file?st=MTczMjUwMjc5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34925780" href="https://sacredheart.academia.edu/MarkCongdonJr">Mark J . Congdon</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34925780" type="text/json">{"id":34925780,"first_name":"Mark","last_name":"Congdon","domain_name":"sacredheart","page_name":"MarkCongdonJr","display_name":"Mark J . Congdon","profile_url":"https://sacredheart.academia.edu/MarkCongdonJr?f_ri=45859","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/34925780/10174215/155406842/s65_mark.congdon.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31648783 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31648783"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31648783, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31648783", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_31648783 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31648783; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_31648783"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_31648783 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31648783"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31648783; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31648783]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_31648783").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_31648783").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="31648783"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="956" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organizational_Communication">Organizational Communication</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="956" type="text/json">{"id":956,"name":"Organizational Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organizational_Communication?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3106" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mentoring">Mentoring</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3106" type="text/json">{"id":3106,"name":"Mentoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mentoring?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Pedagogy">Critical Pedagogy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3392" type="text/json">{"id":3392,"name":"Critical Pedagogy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Pedagogy?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4901" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Service_Learning">Service Learning</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4901" type="text/json">{"id":4901,"name":"Service Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Service_Learning?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=31648783]'), work: {"id":31648783,"title":"Teaching Philosophy, Service Statement, \u0026 Research Statement","created_at":"2017-02-28T09:09:34.004-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/31648783/Teaching_Philosophy_Service_Statement_and_Research_Statement?f_ri=45859","dom_id":"work_31648783","summary":"It is not easy to decide which I like better – being a student or being a teacher. Perhaps it is for that reason that I so strongly believe in Freire's assertion that the teacher-student contradiction is a false one. I try to model my own love of learning to students. Culturally relevant and project-based activities, service-learning, accountability, and collaboration are central to my philosophy and practice of teaching and learning. As an educator, I embrace a culturally responsive pedagogy with data-driven instruction that values and incorporates the principles of service-learning and project-based learning. I believe such engaged learning prepares students for both active civic participation and for successful careers. My 10+ years of teaching and mentoring experience has given me opportunities to learn first-hand the benefits of this engaged approach for all students, especially for at-risk students and students with disabilities. Because teaching and learning are woven together for me I am committed to a teaching praxis that continuously challenges the teacher-student contradiction. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60907995,"asset_id":31648783,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":34925780,"first_name":"Mark","last_name":"Congdon","domain_name":"sacredheart","page_name":"MarkCongdonJr","display_name":"Mark J . Congdon","profile_url":"https://sacredheart.academia.edu/MarkCongdonJr?f_ri=45859","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/34925780/10174215/155406842/s65_mark.congdon.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":956,"name":"Organizational Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organizational_Communication?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false},{"id":3106,"name":"Mentoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mentoring?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false},{"id":3392,"name":"Critical Pedagogy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Pedagogy?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false},{"id":4901,"name":"Service Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Service_Learning?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false},{"id":5792,"name":"Social Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Justice?f_ri=45859"},{"id":9401,"name":"Transformational Leadership","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transformational_Leadership?f_ri=45859"},{"id":17644,"name":"Strategic communication (Communication)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategic_communication_Communication_?f_ri=45859"},{"id":18644,"name":"Culturally relevant pedagogy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Culturally_relevant_pedagogy?f_ri=45859"},{"id":22478,"name":"Civic Engagement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civic_Engagement?f_ri=45859"},{"id":26234,"name":"Community engagement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_engagement?f_ri=45859"},{"id":45859,"name":"Teaching Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Philosophy?f_ri=45859"},{"id":89604,"name":"Community-academic partnerships","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community-academic_partnerships?f_ri=45859"},{"id":468110,"name":"Communication Pedagogy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication_Pedagogy?f_ri=45859"},{"id":939797,"name":"Social Entrepreneurship \u0026 Innovation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Entrepreneurship_and_Innovation?f_ri=45859"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14335842" data-work_id="14335842" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14335842/UNESCO_and_Philosophy_Teaching">UNESCO and Philosophy Teaching</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">UNESCO is a 'philosophical' organization which defends the teaching of philosophy as 'a school of freedom '. This text explains what that means before an audience of professors at an international Esperanto congress in Belgium in 2015.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14335842" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">UNESCO is a 'philosophical' organization which defends the teaching of philosophy as 'a school of freedom '. This text explains what that means before an audience of professors at an international Esperanto congress in Belgium in 2015.<br />This text exists also in French and Esperanto</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14335842" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9a614b1f9bca57beedd6f32d2ca6924e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38272955,"asset_id":14335842,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38272955/download_file?st=MTczMjUwMjc5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="10345744" href="https://vubenua.academia.edu/HermanLodewyckx">Herman Lodewyckx</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="10345744" type="text/json">{"id":10345744,"first_name":"Herman","last_name":"Lodewyckx","domain_name":"vubenua","page_name":"HermanLodewyckx","display_name":"Herman Lodewyckx","profile_url":"https://vubenua.academia.edu/HermanLodewyckx?f_ri=45859","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10345744/127221170/116603159/s65_herman.lodewyckx.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14335842 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14335842"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14335842, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14335842", }); 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Virani</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This nomination package by Dean Prof. Amy Mullin contains the following sections: Letter of Endorsement Nomination Letter Nomination Brief Short Biography of Candidate Nominee's Statement of Teaching Philosophy List of Courses Taught... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_41685378" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This nomination package by Dean Prof. Amy Mullin contains the following sections:<br />Letter of Endorsement<br />Nomination Letter<br />Nomination Brief<br />Short Biography of Candidate<br />Nominee's Statement of Teaching Philosophy<br />List of Courses Taught<br />Evidence of Teaching Excellence and Leadership in Teaching<br />a) Course Design/Proposals and Related Materials<br />b) Summary Data of Annual Student Evaluations<br />c) Teaching Awards<br />d) Curriculum Development<br />e) Development of Educational Materials<br />f) Seminars Workshops or Conferences for University Colleagues on Teaching/Learning<br />g) Evidence of Work with Teaching/Learning Centers/ Associations or Organizations<br />h) Efforts to Improve Teaching Skills/Course Design<br />i) Publications on University Teaching<br />j) Research on University Teaching<br />k) Letters of Support from Students and Colleagues<br />l) Other Evidence</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41685378" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5ea15e3621930c65cdc55d721e13d7a1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61841842,"asset_id":41685378,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61841842/download_file?st=MTczMjUwMjc5Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33894709" href="https://utoronto.academia.edu/ShafiqueVirani">Shafique Virani</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33894709" type="text/json">{"id":33894709,"first_name":"Shafique","last_name":"Virani","domain_name":"utoronto","page_name":"ShafiqueVirani","display_name":"Shafique Virani","profile_url":"https://utoronto.academia.edu/ShafiqueVirani?f_ri=45859","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33894709/19771877/19613969/s65_shafique.virani.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41685378 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41685378"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41685378, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41685378", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41685378]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_41685378").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_41685378").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="41685378"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="106" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion">Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="106" type="text/json">{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="887" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_and_Learning">Teaching and Learning</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="887" type="text/json">{"id":887,"name":"Teaching and Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_and_Learning?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="951" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humanities">Humanities</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="951" type="text/json">{"id":951,"name":"Humanities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humanities?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1752" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Curriculum_Design">Curriculum Design</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1752" type="text/json">{"id":1752,"name":"Curriculum Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Curriculum_Design?f_ri=45859","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=41685378]'), work: {"id":41685378,"title":"President's Teaching Award Nomination: Shafique N. 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