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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Water quality</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">161,919 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Water quality</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Water_quality">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28244455" data-work_id="28244455" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28244455/Removal_of_Endotoxin_from_Protein_in_Pharmaceutical_Processes">Removal of Endotoxin from Protein in Pharmaceutical Processes</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Bacterial endotoxin is the lipopolysaccharide component of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria, together with other cellular material that combines to form an endotoxin complex. Endotoxin is pyrogenic and it presents a risk to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_28244455" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Bacterial endotoxin is the lipopolysaccharide component of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria, together with other cellular material that combines to form an endotoxin complex. Endotoxin is pyrogenic and it presents a risk to patients who are administered intravenous and intramuscular preparations.1Thus bacterial endotoxins pose a risk to many pharmaceutical processes and, where not controlled, to the finished products. There are different methods for endotoxin removal. These include depyrogenation,2 such as dry-heat processes applied to glassware, and rinsing,3 as might be applied to closures. These areas receive reasonable coverage within the pharmaceutical sector. Areas that are actively discussed within biotechnology fields but which receive less attention in the wider pharmaceutical context are steps to remove endotoxin bound to protein. This article considers some of the biotechnological applications for endotoxin removal.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28244455" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f07fe4ad7ed57d3ed5b65eb3f3a7f49d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48564229,"asset_id":28244455,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48564229/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNjk5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="725124" href="https://manchester.academia.edu/TimSandle">Tim Sandle</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="725124" type="text/json">{"id":725124,"first_name":"Tim","last_name":"Sandle","domain_name":"manchester","page_name":"TimSandle","display_name":"Tim Sandle","profile_url":"https://manchester.academia.edu/TimSandle?f_ri=4523","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/725124/247895/293007/s65_tim.sandle.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28244455 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28244455"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28244455, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28244455", }); 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Endotoxin is pyrogenic and it presents a risk to patients who are administered intravenous and intramuscular preparations.1Thus bacterial endotoxins pose a risk to many pharmaceutical processes and, where not controlled, to the finished products. There are different methods for endotoxin removal. These include depyrogenation,2 such as dry-heat processes applied to glassware, and rinsing,3 as might be applied to closures. These areas receive reasonable coverage within the pharmaceutical sector. Areas that are actively discussed within biotechnology fields but which receive less attention in the wider pharmaceutical context are steps to remove endotoxin bound to protein. This article considers some of the biotechnological applications for endotoxin removal.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48564229,"asset_id":28244455,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":725124,"first_name":"Tim","last_name":"Sandle","domain_name":"manchester","page_name":"TimSandle","display_name":"Tim Sandle","profile_url":"https://manchester.academia.edu/TimSandle?f_ri=4523","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/725124/247895/293007/s65_tim.sandle.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":656,"name":"Pharmacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacy?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":4656,"name":"Chromatography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chromatography?f_ri=4523"},{"id":9186,"name":"Pharmaceutical Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Technology?f_ri=4523"},{"id":48184,"name":"Endotoxin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endotoxin?f_ri=4523"},{"id":113903,"name":"Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteria?f_ri=4523"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_21378141" data-work_id="21378141" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21378141/Land_use_change_in_a_200_year_period_and_its_effect_on_blue_and_green_water_flow_in_two_Slovenian_Mediterranean_catchments_lessons_for_the_future">Land use change in a 200-year period and its effect on blue and green water flow in two Slovenian Mediterranean catchments— lessons for the future</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The overexploitation and impairment of our freshwater resources require land management strategies that support the preservation of green and blue water flow and various ecosystem services. Historical landscape analysis and the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_21378141" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The overexploitation and impairment of our freshwater resources require land management strategies that support the preservation of green and blue water flow and various ecosystem services. Historical landscape analysis and the influential driving factors of landscape development provide an essential basis for tackling current environmental questions in land and water management. Hence, this article investigates the influence of historical land use pattern on the hydrological processes and provision of blue and green water flow and storage for man and ecosystems under current climate conditions. Moreover, we discuss in how far these findings could be used to predict or optimise future land management options or as a reference for future land and water management. We used digitalized historical land use maps from 1787, 1827, 1940 and 1984 and a digital land use map of present situation from 2009 for our study areas, which are two small scale Slovenian catchments (Reka and Dragonja). The integrated river basin model soil and water assessment tool was used to simulate the land use change effects on blue and green water flow. The results showed for both catchments that the influence of land use change on total and green water quantity would be statistically insignificant but would have considerable effects on the seasonal flows. In the Reka catchment, historical situations indicate effects on spring and summer blue and green water flow due to a decreased percentage of forest and an increased percentage of grassland and vineyards in the past. Results for the Dragonja catchment indicate past shift from arable land use to forest as decrease in summer green water flow and increase in blue water flow. Possible effects are also increased levels of blue water flow and decreased levels of green water flow during the growing period of the year.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/21378141" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c3678e94dfa31c7533736d555267f069" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41842012,"asset_id":21378141,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41842012/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNjk5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1739183" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Matja%C5%BEGlavan">Matjaž Glavan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1739183" type="text/json">{"id":1739183,"first_name":"Matjaž","last_name":"Glavan","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MatjažGlavan","display_name":"Matjaž Glavan","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Matja%C5%BEGlavan?f_ri=4523","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1739183/598270/743163/s65_matja_.glavan.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_21378141 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="21378141"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 21378141, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_21378141", }); 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Historical landscape analysis and the influential driving factors of landscape development provide an essential basis for tackling current environmental questions in land and water management. Hence, this article investigates the influence of historical land use pattern on the hydrological processes and provision of blue and green water flow and storage for man and ecosystems under current climate conditions. Moreover, we discuss in how far these findings could be used to predict or optimise future land management options or as a reference for future land and water management. We used digitalized historical land use maps from 1787, 1827, 1940 and 1984 and a digital land use map of present situation from 2009 for our study areas, which are two small scale Slovenian catchments (Reka and Dragonja). The integrated river basin model soil and water assessment tool was used to simulate the land use change effects on blue and green water flow. The results showed for both catchments that the influence of land use change on total and green water quantity would be statistically insignificant but would have considerable effects on the seasonal flows. In the Reka catchment, historical situations indicate effects on spring and summer blue and green water flow due to a decreased percentage of forest and an increased percentage of grassland and vineyards in the past. Results for the Dragonja catchment indicate past shift from arable land use to forest as decrease in summer green water flow and increase in blue water flow. Possible effects are also increased levels of blue water flow and decreased levels of green water flow during the growing period of the year.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41842012,"asset_id":21378141,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1739183,"first_name":"Matjaž","last_name":"Glavan","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MatjažGlavan","display_name":"Matjaž Glavan","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Matja%C5%BEGlavan?f_ri=4523","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1739183/598270/743163/s65_matja_.glavan.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering">Environmental Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="55" type="text/json">{"id":55,"name":"Environmental Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="72" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering">Chemical Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="72" type="text/json">{"id":72,"name":"Chemical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="73" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering">Civil Engineering</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="73" type="text/json">{"id":73,"name":"Civil 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Pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Pollution?f_ri=4523"},{"id":28631,"name":"Renewable Energy Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy_Systems?f_ri=4523"},{"id":63431,"name":"Solar Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solar_Energy?f_ri=4523"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9365454" data-work_id="9365454" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9365454/1_02_1996E1_Rein_Andr%C3%A9_ROOS_book_The_Forgotten_Pollution">1-02(1996E1) Rein André ROOS, book: The Forgotten Pollution</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Increasing pace of Industrialization throughout the world has brought with It a serious, and ever Increasing threat from air pollution. It Is true that this threat Is being taken seriously, and that many responsible research workers,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9365454" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Increasing pace of Industrialization throughout the world has brought with It a serious, and ever Increasing threat from air pollution. It Is true that this threat Is being taken seriously, and that many responsible research workers, government advisers and others are working towards Its reduction. But air pollution seems to have something of the nature of a hydra-headed monster: tackle one problem and another immediately grows to take its place. Actions taken sometimes have results that are far from what was envisioned, sometimes even seeming to make the problem worse. <br /> <br />In "The Forgotten Pollution", Roos shows clearly and In an often entertaining way, how many of the "unexpected" side effects of pollution by waste gases and particles can be explained by paying attention to the electrical activity of the atmosphere and the earth. <br />Using an Instrument, which he has developed the Electrostatic Charged Aerosol Monitor (ECAM), together with other instruments and reference to the literature, much of it dating back to the early days of science, when electrostatics was appreciated as a science more than It Is today, Roos has succeeded In explaining many hitherto "puzzling" phenomena in a clear, simple and intellectually satisfying way.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9365454" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="da790b2afd59e073d62e8d3f014c0c87" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35618401,"asset_id":9365454,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35618401/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNjk5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="387879" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ReinAndreRoos">Rein Andre Roos</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="387879" type="text/json">{"id":387879,"first_name":"Rein Andre","last_name":"Roos","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ReinAndreRoos","display_name":"Rein Andre Roos","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ReinAndreRoos?f_ri=4523","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/387879/6610349/7472257/s65_rein_andre.roos.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9365454 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9365454"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9365454, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9365454", }); 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Actions taken sometimes have results that are far from what was envisioned, sometimes even seeming to make the problem worse.\r\n\r\nIn \"The Forgotten Pollution\", Roos shows clearly and In an often entertaining way, how many of the \"unexpected\" side effects of pollution by waste gases and particles can be explained by paying attention to the electrical activity of the atmosphere and the earth. \r\nUsing an Instrument, which he has developed the Electrostatic Charged Aerosol Monitor (ECAM), together with other instruments and reference to the literature, much of it dating back to the early days of science, when electrostatics was appreciated as a science more than It Is today, Roos has succeeded In explaining many hitherto \"puzzling\" phenomena in a clear, simple and intellectually satisfying way.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35618401,"asset_id":9365454,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":387879,"first_name":"Rein 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Climatology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Meteorology_and_Climatology?f_ri=4523"},{"id":255822,"name":"Electronics Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electronics_Engineering?f_ri=4523"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8774135" data-work_id="8774135" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8774135/A_%C3%A1gua_nas_terras_ind%C3%ADgenas">A água nas terras indígenas</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Neste artigo pretendemos chamar a atenção para a situação da água nas terras indígenas e seu impacto na qualidade de vida das pessoas que nelas vivem – homens, mulheres e crianças. Esperamos, assim, tirar da marginalidade e dar... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8774135" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Neste artigo pretendemos chamar a atenção para a situação da água nas terras indígenas e seu impacto na qualidade de vida das pessoas que nelas vivem – homens, mulheres e crianças. Esperamos, assim, tirar da marginalidade e dar visibilidade a um tema tão importante quanto o da terra, fundamental para o presente e o futuro dos povos indígenas no Brasil. A água potável, conforme já declarou o Comitê das Nações Unidas para os Direitos Econômicos, Culturais e Sociais, é um direito humano.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8774135" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="38b8d38a209e00b4dfca1184d4cbb044" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35126114,"asset_id":8774135,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35126114/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNjk5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1105400" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RicardoVerdum">Ricardo Verdum</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1105400" type="text/json">{"id":1105400,"first_name":"Ricardo","last_name":"Verdum","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RicardoVerdum","display_name":"Ricardo Verdum","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RicardoVerdum?f_ri=4523","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1105400/384853/20000728/s65_ricardo.verdum.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8774135 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8774135"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8774135, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8774135", }); 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Esperamos, assim, tirar da marginalidade e dar visibilidade a um tema tão importante quanto o da terra, fundamental para o presente e o futuro dos povos indígenas no Brasil. A água potável, conforme já declarou o Comitê das Nações Unidas para os Direitos Econômicos, Culturais e Sociais, é um direito humano.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35126114,"asset_id":8774135,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1105400,"first_name":"Ricardo","last_name":"Verdum","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RicardoVerdum","display_name":"Ricardo Verdum","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RicardoVerdum?f_ri=4523","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1105400/384853/20000728/s65_ricardo.verdum.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":926,"name":"Indigenous Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Studies?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":14469,"name":"Sustainable Water Resources 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Agua","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gesti%C3%B3n_Integrada_Del_Agua?f_ri=4523"},{"id":1011689,"name":"DERECHOS INDIGENAS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DERECHOS_INDIGENAS-1?f_ri=4523"},{"id":1568858,"name":"Indigenismo E Colonialismo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenismo_E_Colonialismo?f_ri=4523"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4983185" data-work_id="4983185" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4983185/A_linear_model_for_the_coupled_surface_subsurface_flow_in_a_meandering_stream">A linear model for the coupled surface-subsurface flow in a meandering stream</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering">Environmental Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="55" type="text/json">{"id":55,"name":"Environmental Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="73" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering">Civil Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="73" type="text/json">{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4523" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality">Water quality</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4523" type="text/json">{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script><a 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Quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Quality-1?f_ri=4523"},{"id":958451,"name":"Subsurface Flow","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Subsurface_Flow?f_ri=4523"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_30256555" data-work_id="30256555" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30256555/Cartographie_Des_Risques_De_Lerosion_Hydrique_Par_Lequation_Universelle_Revisee_Des_Pertes_En_Sols_La_Teledetection_Et_Les_Sig_Dans_Le_Bassin_Versant_De_Lourika_Haut_Atlas_Maroc_">Cartographie Des Risques De L'erosion Hydrique Par L'equation Universelle Revisee Des Pertes En Sols, La Teledetection Et Les Sig Dans Le Bassin Versant De L'ourika (Haut Atlas, Maroc)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Covering an area of 576 square kilometers, the Ourika watershed is a sub-watershed of the large Tensift basin, located on the northwest slopes of the Marrakech High Atlas, in mid-west Morocco. This basin of dramatic topography, with... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_30256555" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Covering an area of 576 square kilometers, the Ourika watershed is a sub-watershed of the large Tensift basin, located on the northwest slopes of the Marrakech High Atlas, in mid-west Morocco. This basin of dramatic topography, with sparse vegetation cover and friable substrates, is under increasing human action exacerbated by a variable and changing climate. Its vulnerability to water erosion is quite high, increasing risks of wadi flows with significant sediment loads. The aim of this work was to quantify soil loss in the basin using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) and Geographic Information System. The results showed that the Ourika watershed was subject to strong climatic aggressiveness ranging from 55.22 to 100.57 MJ.mm/ha.h. The average soil erodibility value, K, was 0.48 t.ha.h/ha.MJ.mm, with a standard deviation of 0.28 t.ha.h/ha.MJ.mm. Slopes with values higher than 35% represented 72% of the watershed's area, with the topographic factor, LS, values ranging from 0.01 to 94.5. The vegetation factor was high throughout the Ourika watershed while C values were higher than 0.5 for 73% of the watershed's area. The average soil loss obtained in the basin was 380 t/ha/year. These results indicated that 48% of the watershed's area was subject to a soil loss between 50-400 t/ha/year, and between 400 and 1000 t/ha/year for 30% of the watershed. Soil loss below the tolerance level (<7 t/ha/year) represented only 4% of the watershed area.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30256555" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="83e62a1a1e82503f07410ceabd1b6b72" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50723732,"asset_id":30256555,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50723732/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNjk5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33384065" href="https://euinstitute.academia.edu/EuropeanScientificJournalESJ">European Scientific Journal ESJ</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33384065" type="text/json">{"id":33384065,"first_name":"European Scientific Journal","last_name":"ESJ","domain_name":"euinstitute","page_name":"EuropeanScientificJournalESJ","display_name":"European Scientific Journal ESJ","profile_url":"https://euinstitute.academia.edu/EuropeanScientificJournalESJ?f_ri=4523","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33384065/9874609/148656532/s65_european_scientific_journal.esj.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_30256555 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="30256555"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 30256555, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_30256555", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30256555]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_30256555").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_30256555").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="30256555"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4523" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality">Water quality</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4523" type="text/json">{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=30256555]'), work: {"id":30256555,"title":"Cartographie Des Risques De L'erosion Hydrique Par L'equation Universelle Revisee Des Pertes En Sols, La Teledetection Et Les Sig Dans Le Bassin Versant De L'ourika (Haut Atlas, Maroc)","created_at":"2016-12-05T06:41:22.008-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/30256555/Cartographie_Des_Risques_De_Lerosion_Hydrique_Par_Lequation_Universelle_Revisee_Des_Pertes_En_Sols_La_Teledetection_Et_Les_Sig_Dans_Le_Bassin_Versant_De_Lourika_Haut_Atlas_Maroc_?f_ri=4523","dom_id":"work_30256555","summary":"Covering an area of 576 square kilometers, the Ourika watershed is a sub-watershed of the large Tensift basin, located on the northwest slopes of the Marrakech High Atlas, in mid-west Morocco. This basin of dramatic topography, with sparse vegetation cover and friable substrates, is under increasing human action exacerbated by a variable and changing climate. Its vulnerability to water erosion is quite high, increasing risks of wadi flows with significant sediment loads. The aim of this work was to quantify soil loss in the basin using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) and Geographic Information System. The results showed that the Ourika watershed was subject to strong climatic aggressiveness ranging from 55.22 to 100.57 MJ.mm/ha.h. The average soil erodibility value, K, was 0.48 t.ha.h/ha.MJ.mm, with a standard deviation of 0.28 t.ha.h/ha.MJ.mm. Slopes with values higher than 35% represented 72% of the watershed's area, with the topographic factor, LS, values ranging from 0.01 to 94.5. The vegetation factor was high throughout the Ourika watershed while C values were higher than 0.5 for 73% of the watershed's area. The average soil loss obtained in the basin was 380 t/ha/year. These results indicated that 48% of the watershed's area was subject to a soil loss between 50-400 t/ha/year, and between 400 and 1000 t/ha/year for 30% of the watershed. Soil loss below the tolerance level (\u003c7 t/ha/year) represented only 4% of the watershed area.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50723732,"asset_id":30256555,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33384065,"first_name":"European Scientific Journal","last_name":"ESJ","domain_name":"euinstitute","page_name":"EuropeanScientificJournalESJ","display_name":"European Scientific Journal ESJ","profile_url":"https://euinstitute.academia.edu/EuropeanScientificJournalESJ?f_ri=4523","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33384065/9874609/148656532/s65_european_scientific_journal.esj.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2476074" data-work_id="2476074" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2476074/Ocean_modelling_for_coastal_management_Case_studies_with_MOHID">Ocean modelling for coastal management - Case studies with MOHID</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2476074" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e9a7460942ddc6c551bee31c33e30a15" rel="nofollow" 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type="text/json">{"id":605758,"first_name":"Marcos","last_name":"Mateus","domain_name":"tecnico","page_name":"MarcosMateus","display_name":"Marcos Mateus","profile_url":"https://tecnico.academia.edu/MarcosMateus?f_ri=4523","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/605758/211648/888957/s65_marcos.mateus.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2476074 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2476074"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2476074, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2476074", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_2476074 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2476074; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_2476074"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_2476074 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2476074"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2476074; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2476074]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2476074").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2476074").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2476074"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">34</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="81" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ocean_Engineering">Ocean Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="81" type="text/json">{"id":81,"name":"Ocean Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ocean_Engineering?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1275" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coastal_Management">Coastal Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1275" type="text/json">{"id":1275,"name":"Coastal Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coastal_Management?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1826" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quality">Quality</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1826" type="text/json">{"id":1826,"name":"Quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quality?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2215" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water">Water</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2215" type="text/json">{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2476074]'), work: {"id":2476074,"title":"Ocean modelling for coastal management - Case studies with MOHID","created_at":"2013-01-28T01:25:13.910-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2476074/Ocean_modelling_for_coastal_management_Case_studies_with_MOHID?f_ri=4523","dom_id":"work_2476074","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30513296,"asset_id":2476074,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":605758,"first_name":"Marcos","last_name":"Mateus","domain_name":"tecnico","page_name":"MarcosMateus","display_name":"Marcos Mateus","profile_url":"https://tecnico.academia.edu/MarcosMateus?f_ri=4523","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/605758/211648/888957/s65_marcos.mateus.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":81,"name":"Ocean Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ocean_Engineering?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":1275,"name":"Coastal Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coastal_Management?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":1826,"name":"Quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quality?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":4035,"name":"Marine Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Ecology?f_ri=4523"},{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=4523"},{"id":4955,"name":"Computational Modelling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computational_Modelling?f_ri=4523"},{"id":7274,"name":"Marine Aquaculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Aquaculture?f_ri=4523"},{"id":9513,"name":"MARINE POLLUTION","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MARINE_POLLUTION?f_ri=4523"},{"id":12653,"name":"Rivers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rivers?f_ri=4523"},{"id":13369,"name":"Ecology of Coastal Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology_of_Coastal_Systems?f_ri=4523"},{"id":16441,"name":"Marine Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Science?f_ri=4523"},{"id":16682,"name":"Mathematical Modelling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematical_Modelling?f_ri=4523"},{"id":23836,"name":"Harmful algal blooms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Harmful_algal_blooms?f_ri=4523"},{"id":24638,"name":"Marine Biogeochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Biogeochemistry?f_ri=4523"},{"id":27085,"name":"Tsunami","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tsunami?f_ri=4523"},{"id":30806,"name":"Ocean Modeling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ocean_Modeling?f_ri=4523"},{"id":35123,"name":"Oil Spill","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oil_Spill?f_ri=4523"},{"id":40021,"name":"Coastal Zone Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coastal_Zone_Management?f_ri=4523"},{"id":40647,"name":"Estuarine Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Estuarine_Ecology?f_ri=4523"},{"id":53652,"name":"Lakes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lakes?f_ri=4523"},{"id":77900,"name":"Marine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine?f_ri=4523"},{"id":87756,"name":"Integrated Coastal Zone Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Coastal_Zone_Management?f_ri=4523"},{"id":88526,"name":"Marine Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Technology?f_ri=4523"},{"id":91961,"name":"Freshwater","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Freshwater?f_ri=4523"},{"id":106333,"name":"Ecosystems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecosystems?f_ri=4523"},{"id":114829,"name":"New","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New?f_ri=4523"},{"id":166010,"name":"Pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pollution?f_ri=4523"},{"id":534944,"name":"MOHID","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MOHID?f_ri=4523"},{"id":534946,"name":"MOHID model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MOHID_model?f_ri=4523"},{"id":581305,"name":"Conceptualization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conceptualization?f_ri=4523"},{"id":957423,"name":"Decontamination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decontamination?f_ri=4523"},{"id":959135,"name":"Water Self Purification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Self_Purification?f_ri=4523"},{"id":959137,"name":"Improving","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Improving?f_ri=4523"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37063948 coauthored" data-work_id="37063948" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37063948/Freshwater_Benthic_Diatoms_of_Central_Europe_Over_800_Common_Species_Used_in_Ecological_Assessment">Freshwater Benthic Diatoms of Central Europe: Over 800 Common Species Used in Ecological Assessment</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Foreword to the English Edition After the time known informally by diatomists as the “Era of the Green Books” (i.e. the Süßwasserflora) which lasted about until the mid 1990s and during which all the information one needed to have to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37063948" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Foreword to the English Edition<br />After the time known informally by diatomists as the “Era of the Green Books” (i.e. the Süßwasserflora) which lasted about until the mid 1990s and during which all the information one needed to have to address the central European diatom microflora was included in four books, there was an explosion of new publications as fundamental concepts underpinning the taxonomy of diatoms were revised, a large number of new species were described, and many familiar taxa bounced between genera. These are exciting times for those interested in the phylogeny,<br />biogeography and diversity of diatoms, but also hugely frustrating times for those concerned with the routine identification of diatoms for practical purposes. Application of the EU WFD needs a consistent approach to the naming of the organisms upon which assessments depend. HOFMANN et al. (2011) represented a welcome exception to the trend of an ever-more diffuse literature on diatoms, since it gave analysts, once again, a single identification text for the species most likely to be found during routine assessments in central Europe.<br />In order to facilitate use outside the German-speaking area, we decided to translate this work into English. At the same time, the lead Editor used this opportunity to update the work to include the latest information on the taxonomy and ecology. Decisions on revisions were made following a very empirical criterion: all taxonomy and ecology papers of which we are aware published until autumn 2016 were considered, and all genera and species (if quantitatively relevant)<br />were included if they appeared to be recognized in the main online resources (in particular, ‘Diatoms of the Unites States’, ‘AlgaeBase’ etc.), and by the community of diatomists. This is a very practical criterion, which might sometimes lead to inclusion of taxa whose merits are<br />still being debated, as long as it appears that they still might have some useful application in everyday practice and some recognition in applied ecology. <br />Following this process, 26 genera were included in the updated English edition of the book whilst in just three cases genera that were included in the first (German) edition have been removed (although they are still mentioned and briefly explained in the book). 10 species have been added to the book, 27 more have been newly mentioned under ‘Similar taxa’, taxonomic concepts were clarified / updated for 36, and 39 were transferred from one genus to another. The clarification and updating made it necessary to produce new identification keys for two<br />genera (Diploneis and Sellaphora). Information on plastids (only occasionally available in the German edition) has been added whenever possible to the descriptions of the genera. Terminology of both taxonomic features and also ecological concepts was updated in the Glossary. We have also improved the information on ecology and distribution for 22 species. These improvements to the text are accompanied by several additional references. Formal taxonomic<br />changes were carried out only when strictly necessary in order to simplify difficult situations or improve the rationale of genus affiliation: one new species description (of a morphologically distinct Sellaphora of waters of high saprobic level), seven formal transfers (comb. nov.), one<br />formal name changes (nom. nov.). The full text of the species descriptions of the German edition has been replaced by more schematic profiles, in which the different points are provided<br />in a “bullet point” style. This replaces the rich German prose, capable of conveying even nuances of the morphology, with something far more accessible to international audiences. <br />This English edition, like the earlier German ones, is intended primarily as a tool to facilitate consistent and accurate identification of diatoms in central Europe. We are, however, confident that it might be of general interest for all those looking for an up-to-date overview of most freshwater benthic diatom genera and of the characteristics of their most commonly encountered species.<br />Marco Cantonati & Martyn Kelly</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37063948" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="928d02a3c5b7b92a4ae8d3b2ee214a52" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57113143,"asset_id":37063948,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57113143/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNjk5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3513218" href="https://unibo.academia.edu/MarcoCantonati">Marco Cantonati</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3513218" type="text/json">{"id":3513218,"first_name":"Marco","last_name":"Cantonati","domain_name":"unibo","page_name":"MarcoCantonati","display_name":"Marco Cantonati","profile_url":"https://unibo.academia.edu/MarcoCantonati?f_ri=4523","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3513218/1202165/64758570/s65_marco.cantonati.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-37063948">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-37063948"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/MarcusWerum">Marcus Werum</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-37063948'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-37063948').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37063948 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37063948"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37063948, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37063948", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_37063948 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37063948; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_37063948"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_37063948 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="37063948"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37063948; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37063948]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37063948").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37063948").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37063948"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4523" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality">Water quality</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4523" type="text/json">{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19508" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diatom_taxonomy">Diatom taxonomy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="19508" type="text/json">{"id":19508,"name":"Diatom taxonomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diatom_taxonomy?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19509" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diatoms_as_indicators">Diatoms as indicators</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="19509" type="text/json">{"id":19509,"name":"Diatoms as indicators","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diatoms_as_indicators?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22456" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ecology">Applied Ecology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="22456" type="text/json">{"id":22456,"name":"Applied Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ecology?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37063948]'), work: {"id":37063948,"title":"Freshwater Benthic Diatoms of Central Europe: Over 800 Common Species Used in Ecological Assessment","created_at":"2018-07-17T05:31:06.730-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37063948/Freshwater_Benthic_Diatoms_of_Central_Europe_Over_800_Common_Species_Used_in_Ecological_Assessment?f_ri=4523","dom_id":"work_37063948","summary":"Foreword to the English Edition\nAfter the time known informally by diatomists as the “Era of the Green Books” (i.e. the Süßwasserflora) which lasted about until the mid 1990s and during which all the information one needed to have to address the central European diatom microflora was included in four books, there was an explosion of new publications as fundamental concepts underpinning the taxonomy of diatoms were revised, a large number of new species were described, and many familiar taxa bounced between genera. These are exciting times for those interested in the phylogeny,\nbiogeography and diversity of diatoms, but also hugely frustrating times for those concerned with the routine identification of diatoms for practical purposes. Application of the EU WFD needs a consistent approach to the naming of the organisms upon which assessments depend. HOFMANN et al. (2011) represented a welcome exception to the trend of an ever-more diffuse literature on diatoms, since it gave analysts, once again, a single identification text for the species most likely to be found during routine assessments in central Europe.\nIn order to facilitate use outside the German-speaking area, we decided to translate this work into English. At the same time, the lead Editor used this opportunity to update the work to include the latest information on the taxonomy and ecology. Decisions on revisions were made following a very empirical criterion: all taxonomy and ecology papers of which we are aware published until autumn 2016 were considered, and all genera and species (if quantitatively relevant)\nwere included if they appeared to be recognized in the main online resources (in particular, ‘Diatoms of the Unites States’, ‘AlgaeBase’ etc.), and by the community of diatomists. This is a very practical criterion, which might sometimes lead to inclusion of taxa whose merits are\nstill being debated, as long as it appears that they still might have some useful application in everyday practice and some recognition in applied ecology. \nFollowing this process, 26 genera were included in the updated English edition of the book whilst in just three cases genera that were included in the first (German) edition have been removed (although they are still mentioned and briefly explained in the book). 10 species have been added to the book, 27 more have been newly mentioned under ‘Similar taxa’, taxonomic concepts were clarified / updated for 36, and 39 were transferred from one genus to another. The clarification and updating made it necessary to produce new identification keys for two\ngenera (Diploneis and Sellaphora). Information on plastids (only occasionally available in the German edition) has been added whenever possible to the descriptions of the genera. Terminology of both taxonomic features and also ecological concepts was updated in the Glossary. We have also improved the information on ecology and distribution for 22 species. These improvements to the text are accompanied by several additional references. Formal taxonomic\nchanges were carried out only when strictly necessary in order to simplify difficult situations or improve the rationale of genus affiliation: one new species description (of a morphologically distinct Sellaphora of waters of high saprobic level), seven formal transfers (comb. nov.), one\nformal name changes (nom. nov.). The full text of the species descriptions of the German edition has been replaced by more schematic profiles, in which the different points are provided\nin a “bullet point” style. This replaces the rich German prose, capable of conveying even nuances of the morphology, with something far more accessible to international audiences. \nThis English edition, like the earlier German ones, is intended primarily as a tool to facilitate consistent and accurate identification of diatoms in central Europe. We are, however, confident that it might be of general interest for all those looking for an up-to-date overview of most freshwater benthic diatom genera and of the characteristics of their most commonly encountered species.\nMarco Cantonati \u0026 Martyn Kelly","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57113143,"asset_id":37063948,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3513218,"first_name":"Marco","last_name":"Cantonati","domain_name":"unibo","page_name":"MarcoCantonati","display_name":"Marco Cantonati","profile_url":"https://unibo.academia.edu/MarcoCantonati?f_ri=4523","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3513218/1202165/64758570/s65_marco.cantonati.jpg"},{"id":87925561,"first_name":"Marcus","last_name":"Werum","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MarcusWerum","display_name":"Marcus Werum","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MarcusWerum?f_ri=4523","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":19508,"name":"Diatom taxonomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diatom_taxonomy?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":19509,"name":"Diatoms as indicators","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diatoms_as_indicators?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":22456,"name":"Applied Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ecology?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":162646,"name":"Benthic Diatoms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Benthic_Diatoms?f_ri=4523"},{"id":255052,"name":"Diatom Taxonomy and Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diatom_Taxonomy_and_Ecology?f_ri=4523"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31399406" data-work_id="31399406" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31399406/Framework_for_effective_community_participation_in_water_quality_management_in_Luvuvhu_Catchment_of_South_Africa">Framework for effective community participation in water quality management in Luvuvhu Catchment of South Africa</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31399406" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2c0bea78d641be33ff7c3979e7885738" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51769830,"asset_id":31399406,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51769830/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNjk5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="9108898" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LeratoNare">Lerato Nare</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="9108898" type="text/json">{"id":9108898,"first_name":"Lerato","last_name":"Nare","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LeratoNare","display_name":"Lerato Nare","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LeratoNare?f_ri=4523","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9108898/7768997/8708543/s65_lerato.nare.jpg_oh_b389f27e70296c8009a27fadccb22638_oe_5578995a___gda___1435275095_13e1cbab6487911833a047a5ad176fc2"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31399406 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31399406"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31399406, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31399406", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_31399406 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x 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$(".js-view-count-work_31399406").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_31399406").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="31399406"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="406" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geology">Geology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="406" type="text/json">{"id":406,"name":"Geology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geology?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="407" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geochemistry">Geochemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="407" type="text/json">{"id":407,"name":"Geochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geochemistry?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="409" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geophysics">Geophysics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="409" type="text/json">{"id":409,"name":"Geophysics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geophysics?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3474" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Development">Community Development</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3474" type="text/json">{"id":3474,"name":"Community Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Development?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=31399406]'), work: {"id":31399406,"title":"Framework for effective community participation in water quality management in Luvuvhu Catchment of South Africa","created_at":"2017-02-12T22:42:02.803-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/31399406/Framework_for_effective_community_participation_in_water_quality_management_in_Luvuvhu_Catchment_of_South_Africa?f_ri=4523","dom_id":"work_31399406","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51769830,"asset_id":31399406,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":9108898,"first_name":"Lerato","last_name":"Nare","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LeratoNare","display_name":"Lerato Nare","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LeratoNare?f_ri=4523","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9108898/7768997/8708543/s65_lerato.nare.jpg_oh_b389f27e70296c8009a27fadccb22638_oe_5578995a___gda___1435275095_13e1cbab6487911833a047a5ad176fc2"}],"research_interests":[{"id":406,"name":"Geology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geology?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":407,"name":"Geochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geochemistry?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":409,"name":"Geophysics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geophysics?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":3474,"name":"Community Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Development?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=4523"},{"id":8401,"name":"Catchment Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Catchment_Management?f_ri=4523"},{"id":19298,"name":"Community Participation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Participation?f_ri=4523"},{"id":29487,"name":"Space","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Space?f_ri=4523"},{"id":45401,"name":"Water Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Management?f_ri=4523"},{"id":61866,"name":"South Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Africa?f_ri=4523"},{"id":70790,"name":"Water Quality Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Quality_Management?f_ri=4523"},{"id":99487,"name":"Local governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Local_governance?f_ri=4523"},{"id":371285,"name":"Local Community","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Local_Community?f_ri=4523"},{"id":558243,"name":"Water Resource","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Resource?f_ri=4523"},{"id":585179,"name":"Water quality monitoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality_monitoring?f_ri=4523"},{"id":622367,"name":"Water Quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Quality-1?f_ri=4523"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9194623" data-work_id="9194623" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9194623/Thyroid_Disrupting_Chemicals_in_Plastic_Additives_and_Thyroid_Health">Thyroid Disrupting Chemicals in Plastic Additives and Thyroid Health</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The globally escalating thyroid nodule incidence rates may be only partially ascribed to better diagnostics, allowing for the assessment of environmental risk factors on thyroid disease. Endocrine disruptors or thyroid-disrupting... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9194623" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The globally escalating thyroid nodule incidence rates may be only partially ascribed to better diagnostics, allowing for the assessment of environmental risk factors on thyroid disease. Endocrine disruptors or thyroid-disrupting chemicals (TDC) like bisphenol A, phthalates, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers are widely used as plastic additives in consumer products. This comprehensive review studied the magnitude and uncertainty of TDC exposures and their effects on thyroid hormones for sensitive subpopulation groups like pregnant women, infants, and children. Our findings qualitatively suggest the mixed, significant (α = 0.05) TDC associations with natural thyroid hormones (positive or negative sign). Future studies should undertake systematic meta-analyses to elucidate pooled TDC effect estimates on thyroid health indicators and outcomes.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9194623" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d07aabaa052d9c253bd4d29fffc1946f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47855518,"asset_id":9194623,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47855518/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNjk5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="21044179" href="https://independent.academia.edu/bansyam">syam ban</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="21044179" type="text/json">{"id":21044179,"first_name":"syam","last_name":"ban","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"bansyam","display_name":"syam ban","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/bansyam?f_ri=4523","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9194623 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9194623"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9194623, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9194623", }); 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Endocrine disruptors or thyroid-disrupting chemicals (TDC) like bisphenol A, phthalates, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers are widely used as plastic additives in consumer products. This comprehensive review studied the magnitude and uncertainty of TDC exposures and their effects on thyroid hormones for sensitive subpopulation groups like pregnant women, infants, and children. Our findings qualitatively suggest the mixed, significant (α = 0.05) TDC associations with natural thyroid hormones (positive or negative sign). 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href="https://www.academia.edu/38007415/Su_Sa%C4%9Fl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1_ve_Su_Kalitesinin_%C4%B0yile%C5%9Ftirilmesi">Su Sağlığı ve Su Kalitesinin İyileştirilmesi</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Albay, M., Oruç Babuşçu, F., Berberoğlu, U., Biçkici, E., Çakmak, Ö., Çamur, D., ... Yılmaz, Ş. (2014). Su Sağlığı ve Su Kalitesinin İyileştirilmesi. In M. Müezzinoğlu, & E. Gümüş (Eds.), Çok Paydaşlı Sağlık Sorumluluğunu Geliştirme... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38007415" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Albay, M., Oruç Babuşçu, F., Berberoğlu, U., Biçkici, E., Çakmak, Ö., Çamur, D., ... Yılmaz, Ş. (2014). Su Sağlığı ve Su Kalitesinin İyileştirilmesi. In M. Müezzinoğlu, & E. Gümüş (Eds.), Çok Paydaşlı Sağlık Sorumluluğunu Geliştirme Programı 2013-2023 "Sağlığın Korunması ve Geliştirilmesine Çok Paydaşlı Yaklaşım" - Fiziksel Çevrenin Geliştirilmesi (pp.17-196). Ankara: T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. <br /> <br />Project Page: <br /><a href="https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/tr/cokpaydasli-anasayfa" rel="nofollow">https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/tr/cokpaydasli-anasayfa</a> <br /> <br />YÖNETİCİ ÖZETİ: <br />Su, canlıların biyolojik açıdan en temel gereksinimi konumundadır. Su, yaşam için olmazsa olmaz bir maddedir. İnsanlar biyolojik olarak açlığa ve susuzluğa uzun süre dayanabilir gibi gözükmesine karşın, vücut fonksiyonları ve duygusal olarak susuzluğa dayanabilmek sanılanın aksine kolay değildir. Bununla birlikte su sadece içme ve bireysel olarak beslenme ve temizlikte kullanılmaz. Tarımsal üretimin, hidro enerjinin, sanayi üretiminin ve ekosistemin varlığı ve sürdürülebilmesi için de su olmazsa olmaz koşuldur. Dünyada kullanılabilir tatlı su potansiyelinin sadece %1 oranında olması ve bu oranın dünyanın her yerine eşit olarak dağılmaması, hızlı ve çarpık kentleşme ile birlikte nüfusun yoğun olduğu bölgelerde suyun bulunmaması veya mevcut suyun yetersiz kalması veya sağlığa uygun özellikler taşımaması bir çok hastalıkların ortaya çıkmasına ve hatta toplu ölümlere dahi neden olabilmektedir. İnsan, çevre ve doğanın sağlıklı sürdürülebilmesinde “su yönetimi” çok önemli bir kavramdır. Bu nedenle, suya erişim haklarının korunabildiği doğru su yönetiminin hangi kurallar çerçevesinde ve hangi örgütsel yapıyla sağlanabileceğinin tespiti genel koşuldur. Bu çalışmada suyun kulanım alanlarına göre korunması ve yönetimi öncelikle olarak değerlendirilmiştir. <br /> <br />SONUÇ VE GENEL DEĞERLENDİRME: <br />Suyun, çevre ve canlı yaşamı için önemi tartışılmaz. Bununla birlikte su, hava ile birlikte çevresel faktörlerden etkilenmekte ve kirlemektedir. Canlıların ve özellikle insanların doğrudan kullabilediği su miktarı ise kısıtlıdır. Kısıtlı olan doğrudan kullanılabilir su kaynaklarını İnsani faaliyetlernedeniyle kirlenmesi beraberinde birçok sağlık sorununu getirmektedir. Bu sağlık sorunları akut, kronik, harra gelecek nesilleri etkileyebilecek genetik sorunlardır.İnsani faaliyetler sonucu hem içme-kullanma suyu gibi doğrudan kullanılabilen, hem de deniz gibi doğrudan tüketilmeyen su kaynakları bile olumsuz etkilenebilmektedir. Bu nedenler su, bireyler ve yerel-merkezi yönetimlerce öncelikli ele alınması gereken bir konudur. Yerel ve merkezi yönetimlerin en temel görevlerinden birisii hatta en başlıcası suyun ve su kaynaklarının korunması, insanlara sürekli, kesintisiz ve sağlıklı su sağlanmasıdır. Yerel ve merkezi yönetimlerin suyun öneminin farkına varmaları, suyu ayrı bir konu olarak ele almalı ve kirlenmeye, kıtlığına yönelik önlem almaları, hem şu an yaşayan topluma hem de gelecek nesillere yapacakları en büyük hizmettir. Su, sağlık sektörü, yerel ve merkezi yönetimler, özel kuruluşlar, üniversiteler, bilimsel kuruluşlar gibi bir çok sektörü ilgiliendiren çok sektörlü bir konudur. Sektörler zaman zaman işbirliği içerisinde çalışmaları gerekeceği gibi, bazen de yetki ve sorumluluk karmaşası ile karşı karşıya kalabilmektedirler. Bu nedenle öncelikle su ile ilgili mevzuatın bütüncül bir şekilde ele alınıp düzenlenmesi, güncellenmesi ve geleceğe yönelik yenilerinin hazırlanması gerekmektedir. Mevzuatta özellikle etkin ve uygulanabilir yaptırımlar tanımlanmalı, bunlar yetkili kişi / kurumlarca uygulanabilmelidir. Suyun merkezi ve yerel yönetimlerde yetkilileri ve sorumluları tanımlanmalıdır. Son yapılan bakanlık adları ve görevlerindeki değişiklikler, yerel yönetimlere de yansıtılabilmelidir. Suyun temini, sağlıklı bir şekilde sürekliliğinin sağlanması mali desteği gerektirmektedir. Merkezi ve yerel yönetimler suya yeterince ilgi göstermeli, bütçelerinde olmazsa olmaz payları ayırmalıdır. Suyun insani tüketimine sunulması, gerekli işlemlerden geçirilmesine ve sağlıklı sistemlerler iletilmesine bağlıdır. Gelecekte kentleşme olgusu ve nüfus projeksiyonlarına göre alt yapının oluşturulması vazgeçilemez zorunluluktur. Kentleşme olgusu, medya, yaşanan sorunlar maalesef şehir şebekelerine ve bu sistemlerle bireylere ulaşan suya olan güveni sarsmış durumdadır. Oysa, başta devlet olmak üzere merkezi ve yerel yönetimlerin insanların ev/ iş yerleri çeşmelerinden sürekli su akmasını sağlamaları en temel görevlerinden birisi olmasıyla birlikte, akan suyun sağlıklı olmasını sağlamak da en büyük görevlerindendir. Ambalajlı sular, bireysel su gereksinimini sağlamada çok öenmli yerleri vardır. Ancak, ev ve işyerlerinde şehir şebeke suyu en az ambalajlı sular kadar kaliteli olmak zorundadır. Bu nedenle olmaması gereken şehir şebeke suyuna olan güvensizliğin giderilmesi, bu gidişatı tersine çevrilmesi merkezi ve yerel yönetimlere düşmektedir.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38007415" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="05298de527c2c78fc8ea742f0330548b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58027299,"asset_id":38007415,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58027299/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNjk5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="98899844" href="https://ktu.academia.edu/Yelda_Aydin_Turk">Yelda Aydin Turk</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="98899844" type="text/json">{"id":98899844,"first_name":"Yelda","last_name":"Aydin Turk","domain_name":"ktu","page_name":"Yelda_Aydin_Turk","display_name":"Yelda Aydin Turk","profile_url":"https://ktu.academia.edu/Yelda_Aydin_Turk?f_ri=4523","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/98899844/21590786/20939278/s65_yelda.aydin_turk.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38007415 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38007415"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38007415, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38007415", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38007415]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38007415").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38007415").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38007415"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2215" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water">Water</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2215" type="text/json">{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3407" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Studies">Environmental Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3407" type="text/json">{"id":3407,"name":"Environmental Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Studies?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4523" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality">Water quality</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4523" type="text/json">{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10966" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turkey">Turkey</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="10966" type="text/json">{"id":10966,"name":"Turkey","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turkey?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38007415]'), work: {"id":38007415,"title":"Su Sağlığı ve Su Kalitesinin İyileştirilmesi","created_at":"2018-12-19T02:09:37.023-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38007415/Su_Sa%C4%9Fl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1_ve_Su_Kalitesinin_%C4%B0yile%C5%9Ftirilmesi?f_ri=4523","dom_id":"work_38007415","summary":"Albay, M., Oruç Babuşçu, F., Berberoğlu, U., Biçkici, E., Çakmak, Ö., Çamur, D., ... Yılmaz, Ş. (2014). Su Sağlığı ve Su Kalitesinin İyileştirilmesi. In M. Müezzinoğlu, \u0026 E. Gümüş (Eds.), Çok Paydaşlı Sağlık Sorumluluğunu Geliştirme Programı 2013-2023 \"Sağlığın Korunması ve Geliştirilmesine Çok Paydaşlı Yaklaşım\" - Fiziksel Çevrenin Geliştirilmesi (pp.17-196). Ankara: T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı.\r\n\r\nProject Page:\r\nhttps://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/tr/cokpaydasli-anasayfa\r\n\r\nYÖNETİCİ ÖZETİ: \r\nSu, canlıların biyolojik açıdan en temel gereksinimi konumundadır. Su, yaşam için olmazsa olmaz bir maddedir. İnsanlar biyolojik olarak açlığa ve susuzluğa uzun süre dayanabilir gibi gözükmesine karşın, vücut fonksiyonları ve duygusal olarak susuzluğa dayanabilmek sanılanın aksine kolay değildir. Bununla birlikte su sadece içme ve bireysel olarak beslenme ve temizlikte kullanılmaz. Tarımsal üretimin, hidro enerjinin, sanayi üretiminin ve ekosistemin varlığı ve sürdürülebilmesi için de su olmazsa olmaz koşuldur. Dünyada kullanılabilir tatlı su potansiyelinin sadece %1 oranında olması ve bu oranın dünyanın her yerine eşit olarak dağılmaması, hızlı ve çarpık kentleşme ile birlikte nüfusun yoğun olduğu bölgelerde suyun bulunmaması veya mevcut suyun yetersiz kalması veya sağlığa uygun özellikler taşımaması bir çok hastalıkların ortaya çıkmasına ve hatta toplu ölümlere dahi neden olabilmektedir. İnsan, çevre ve doğanın sağlıklı sürdürülebilmesinde “su yönetimi” çok önemli bir kavramdır. Bu nedenle, suya erişim haklarının korunabildiği doğru su yönetiminin hangi kurallar çerçevesinde ve hangi örgütsel yapıyla sağlanabileceğinin tespiti genel koşuldur. Bu çalışmada suyun kulanım alanlarına göre korunması ve yönetimi öncelikle olarak değerlendirilmiştir.\r\n\r\nSONUÇ VE GENEL DEĞERLENDİRME:\r\nSuyun, çevre ve canlı yaşamı için önemi tartışılmaz. Bununla birlikte su, hava ile birlikte çevresel faktörlerden etkilenmekte ve kirlemektedir. Canlıların ve özellikle insanların doğrudan kullabilediği su miktarı ise kısıtlıdır. Kısıtlı olan doğrudan kullanılabilir su kaynaklarını İnsani faaliyetlernedeniyle kirlenmesi beraberinde birçok sağlık sorununu getirmektedir. Bu sağlık sorunları akut, kronik, harra gelecek nesilleri etkileyebilecek genetik sorunlardır.İnsani faaliyetler sonucu hem içme-kullanma suyu gibi doğrudan kullanılabilen, hem de deniz gibi doğrudan tüketilmeyen su kaynakları bile olumsuz etkilenebilmektedir. Bu nedenler su, bireyler ve yerel-merkezi yönetimlerce öncelikli ele alınması gereken bir konudur. Yerel ve merkezi yönetimlerin en temel görevlerinden birisii hatta en başlıcası suyun ve su kaynaklarının korunması, insanlara sürekli, kesintisiz ve sağlıklı su sağlanmasıdır. Yerel ve merkezi yönetimlerin suyun öneminin farkına varmaları, suyu ayrı bir konu olarak ele almalı ve kirlenmeye, kıtlığına yönelik önlem almaları, hem şu an yaşayan topluma hem de gelecek nesillere yapacakları en büyük hizmettir. Su, sağlık sektörü, yerel ve merkezi yönetimler, özel kuruluşlar, üniversiteler, bilimsel kuruluşlar gibi bir çok sektörü ilgiliendiren çok sektörlü bir konudur. Sektörler zaman zaman işbirliği içerisinde çalışmaları gerekeceği gibi, bazen de yetki ve sorumluluk karmaşası ile karşı karşıya kalabilmektedirler. Bu nedenle öncelikle su ile ilgili mevzuatın bütüncül bir şekilde ele alınıp düzenlenmesi, güncellenmesi ve geleceğe yönelik yenilerinin hazırlanması gerekmektedir. Mevzuatta özellikle etkin ve uygulanabilir yaptırımlar tanımlanmalı, bunlar yetkili kişi / kurumlarca uygulanabilmelidir. Suyun merkezi ve yerel yönetimlerde yetkilileri ve sorumluları tanımlanmalıdır. Son yapılan bakanlık adları ve görevlerindeki değişiklikler, yerel yönetimlere de yansıtılabilmelidir. Suyun temini, sağlıklı bir şekilde sürekliliğinin sağlanması mali desteği gerektirmektedir. Merkezi ve yerel yönetimler suya yeterince ilgi göstermeli, bütçelerinde olmazsa olmaz payları ayırmalıdır. Suyun insani tüketimine sunulması, gerekli işlemlerden geçirilmesine ve sağlıklı sistemlerler iletilmesine bağlıdır. Gelecekte kentleşme olgusu ve nüfus projeksiyonlarına göre alt yapının oluşturulması vazgeçilemez zorunluluktur. Kentleşme olgusu, medya, yaşanan sorunlar maalesef şehir şebekelerine ve bu sistemlerle bireylere ulaşan suya olan güveni sarsmış durumdadır. Oysa, başta devlet olmak üzere merkezi ve yerel yönetimlerin insanların ev/ iş yerleri çeşmelerinden sürekli su akmasını sağlamaları en temel görevlerinden birisi olmasıyla birlikte, akan suyun sağlıklı olmasını sağlamak da en büyük görevlerindendir. Ambalajlı sular, bireysel su gereksinimini sağlamada çok öenmli yerleri vardır. Ancak, ev ve işyerlerinde şehir şebeke suyu en az ambalajlı sular kadar kaliteli olmak zorundadır. Bu nedenle olmaması gereken şehir şebeke suyuna olan güvensizliğin giderilmesi, bu gidişatı tersine çevrilmesi merkezi ve yerel yönetimlere düşmektedir.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58027299,"asset_id":38007415,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":98899844,"first_name":"Yelda","last_name":"Aydin Turk","domain_name":"ktu","page_name":"Yelda_Aydin_Turk","display_name":"Yelda Aydin Turk","profile_url":"https://ktu.academia.edu/Yelda_Aydin_Turk?f_ri=4523","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/98899844/21590786/20939278/s65_yelda.aydin_turk.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":3407,"name":"Environmental Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Studies?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":4523,"name":"Water 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Geology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Geology?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4523" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality">Water quality</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4523" type="text/json">{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37344" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_and_Environmental_Sciences">Earth and Environmental Sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="37344" type="text/json">{"id":37344,"name":"Earth and Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_and_Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13008889]'), work: 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})();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_78907627" data-work_id="78907627" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/78907627/Assessment_of_Contamination_along_the_Tigris_River_from_Tharthar_Tigris_Canal_to_Azizziyah_Middle_of_Iraq">Assessment of Contamination along the Tigris River from Tharthar-Tigris Canal to Azizziyah, Middle of Iraq</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Tigris River is the second-longest river in Western Asia and runs through heavily populated areas, especially in Baghdad city with nearly 8 million inhabitants. The water demand is at its highest levels, nevertheless the Tigris... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_78907627" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Tigris River is the second-longest river in Western Asia and runs through heavily populated areas, especially in Baghdad city with nearly 8 million inhabitants. The water demand is at its highest levels, nevertheless the Tigris discharge has severely declined in the last decades; combined with the fact that the wastewater quantities are increasing, and the wastewater treatment plants are experiencing a deficiency. Four sites were chosen: the Tharthar-Tigris Canal which is located in the north part of Baghdad city, Baghdad city, the Diyala River conjunction with the Tigris River site, and Al-Azizziyah site in the south of Baghdad city near Kut government, to determine the effect of the decreasing Tigris River flow on the water quality and to identify the sources of pollution. In this research, the used method evaluates the concentration of the contaminants along the course of the Tigris River to determine the source of the contaminants as the novelty of this research. The data in...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/78907627" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8c308928c961d9ebb3412905cda1193c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":85795952,"asset_id":78907627,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/85795952/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNjk5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="28361070" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MoutazAlDabbas">Moutaz Al-Dabbas</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="28361070" type="text/json">{"id":28361070,"first_name":"Moutaz","last_name":"Al-Dabbas","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MoutazAlDabbas","display_name":"Moutaz Al-Dabbas","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MoutazAlDabbas?f_ri=4523","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/28361070/8442452/9437060/s65_moutaz.al-dabbas.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_78907627 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="78907627"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 78907627, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_78907627", }); 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The water demand is at its highest levels, nevertheless the Tigris discharge has severely declined in the last decades; combined with the fact that the wastewater quantities are increasing, and the wastewater treatment plants are experiencing a deficiency. Four sites were chosen: the Tharthar-Tigris Canal which is located in the north part of Baghdad city, Baghdad city, the Diyala River conjunction with the Tigris River site, and Al-Azizziyah site in the south of Baghdad city near Kut government, to determine the effect of the decreasing Tigris River flow on the water quality and to identify the sources of pollution. In this research, the used method evaluates the concentration of the contaminants along the course of the Tigris River to determine the source of the contaminants as the novelty of this research. The data in...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":85795952,"asset_id":78907627,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":28361070,"first_name":"Moutaz","last_name":"Al-Dabbas","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MoutazAlDabbas","display_name":"Moutaz Al-Dabbas","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MoutazAlDabbas?f_ri=4523","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/28361070/8442452/9437060/s65_moutaz.al-dabbas.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":4523,"name":"Water 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u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/62698186/How_Baywide_Nutrient_Trading_Could_Benefit_Virginia_Farms">How Baywide Nutrient Trading Could Benefit Virginia Farms</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">WORLD RESOURCES INSTITUTE • 10 G Street, NE • Washington, DC 20002 • Tel: 1-202-729-7600 • Fax: 1-202-729-7610 • <a href="http://www.wri.org" rel="nofollow">www.wri.org</a> World Resources Institute Working Papers contain preliminary research, analysis, fi ndings, and recommendations.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_62698186" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">WORLD RESOURCES INSTITUTE • 10 G Street, NE • Washington, DC 20002 • Tel: 1-202-729-7600 • Fax: 1-202-729-7610 • <a href="http://www.wri.org" 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There are several problems linked to the handling and curatorial management of this kind of collection. Among these is the relatively short life-span of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_62345561" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Teaching collections are of great importance for science instruction at any level. There are several problems linked to the handling and curatorial management of this kind of collection. Among these is the relatively short life-span of specimens, due to the damage from continuous handling by students. Often the specimens used to replenish the teaching collection come from sampling in field.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/62345561" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="af3ddbbda1f31279d036e3d0f1c932f7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":75143149,"asset_id":62345561,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/75143149/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNjk5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4144877" href="https://ufrj.academia.edu/RiccardoMugnai">Riccardo Mugnai</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4144877" type="text/json">{"id":4144877,"first_name":"Riccardo","last_name":"Mugnai","domain_name":"ufrj","page_name":"RiccardoMugnai","display_name":"Riccardo Mugnai","profile_url":"https://ufrj.academia.edu/RiccardoMugnai?f_ri=4523","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_62345561 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="62345561"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 62345561, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_62345561", }); 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There are several problems linked to the handling and curatorial management of this kind of collection. Among these is the relatively short life-span of specimens, due to the damage from continuous handling by students. Often the specimens used to replenish the teaching collection come from sampling in field.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":75143149,"asset_id":62345561,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4144877,"first_name":"Riccardo","last_name":"Mugnai","domain_name":"ufrj","page_name":"RiccardoMugnai","display_name":"Riccardo Mugnai","profile_url":"https://ufrj.academia.edu/RiccardoMugnai?f_ri=4523","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":814,"name":"Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":2621,"name":"Higher Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Higher_Education?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":10674,"name":"Biological Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Education?f_ri=4523"},{"id":48631,"name":"University Teaching","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/University_Teaching?f_ri=4523"},{"id":104217,"name":"Rio de Janeiro","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rio_de_Janeiro?f_ri=4523"},{"id":508371,"name":"Curriculum and Pedagogy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Curriculum_and_Pedagogy?f_ri=4523"},{"id":622367,"name":"Water Quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Quality-1?f_ri=4523"},{"id":1127828,"name":"Life Span","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_Span?f_ri=4523"},{"id":1329451,"name":"Ministry of Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ministry_of_Health?f_ri=4523"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_62007631" data-work_id="62007631" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/62007631/Household_drinking_water_in_developing_countries_a_systematic_review_of_microbiological_contamination_between_source_and_point_of_use">Household drinking water in developing countries: a systematic review of microbiological contamination between source and point‐of‐use</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">OBJECTIVE: To assess the extent and causes of microbiological contamination of household drinking water between source and point-of-use in developing countries. METHODS: A systematic meta-analysis of 57 studies measuring bacteria counts... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_62007631" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">OBJECTIVE: To assess the extent and causes of microbiological contamination of household drinking water between source and point-of-use in developing countries. METHODS: A systematic meta-analysis of 57 studies measuring bacteria counts for source water and stored water in the home to assess how contamination varied between settings. RESULTS: The bacteriological quality of drinking water significantly declines after collection in many settings. The extent of contamination after water collection varies considerably between settings, but is proportionately greater where faecal and total coliform counts in source water are low. CONCLUSIONS: Policies that aim to improve water quality through source improvements may be compromised by post-collection contamination. Safer household water storage and treatment is recommended to prevent this, together with point-of-use water quality monitoring.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/62007631" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9c19d3bc79bae0d591cc280c837d840d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":74889317,"asset_id":62007631,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/74889317/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNjk5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="195017659" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JamesWright194">James Wright</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="195017659" type="text/json">{"id":195017659,"first_name":"James","last_name":"Wright","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JamesWright194","display_name":"James Wright","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JamesWright194?f_ri=4523","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_62007631 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="62007631"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 62007631, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_62007631", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=62007631]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_62007631").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_62007631").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="62007631"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="159" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology">Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="159" type="text/json">{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4523" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality">Water quality</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4523" type="text/json">{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6515" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Purification">Water Purification</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6515" type="text/json">{"id":6515,"name":"Water Purification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Purification?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8241" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tropical_Medicine">Tropical Medicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8241" type="text/json">{"id":8241,"name":"Tropical Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tropical_Medicine?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=62007631]'), work: {"id":62007631,"title":"Household drinking water in developing countries: a systematic review of microbiological contamination between source and point‐of‐use","created_at":"2021-11-19T05:53:11.876-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/62007631/Household_drinking_water_in_developing_countries_a_systematic_review_of_microbiological_contamination_between_source_and_point_of_use?f_ri=4523","dom_id":"work_62007631","summary":"OBJECTIVE: To assess the extent and causes of microbiological contamination of household drinking water between source and point-of-use in developing countries. METHODS: A systematic meta-analysis of 57 studies measuring bacteria counts for source water and stored water in the home to assess how contamination varied between settings. RESULTS: The bacteriological quality of drinking water significantly declines after collection in many settings. The extent of contamination after water collection varies considerably between settings, but is proportionately greater where faecal and total coliform counts in source water are low. CONCLUSIONS: Policies that aim to improve water quality through source improvements may be compromised by post-collection contamination. Safer household water storage and treatment is recommended to prevent this, together with point-of-use water quality monitoring.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":74889317,"asset_id":62007631,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":195017659,"first_name":"James","last_name":"Wright","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JamesWright194","display_name":"James Wright","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JamesWright194?f_ri=4523","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":6515,"name":"Water Purification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Purification?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":8241,"name":"Tropical Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tropical_Medicine?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":9521,"name":"Housing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Housing?f_ri=4523"},{"id":9815,"name":"Developing Countries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developing_Countries?f_ri=4523"},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=4523"},{"id":70854,"name":"Developing Country","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developing_Country?f_ri=4523"},{"id":83128,"name":"Escherichia coli","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Escherichia_coli?f_ri=4523"},{"id":120641,"name":"Drinking Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drinking_Water?f_ri=4523"},{"id":180470,"name":"Enterobacteriaceae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enterobacteriaceae?f_ri=4523"},{"id":218206,"name":"Meta Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Meta_Analysis?f_ri=4523"},{"id":221411,"name":"Systematic 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class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fcd15b8cb98cbf731f50003362fca091" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":71679529,"asset_id":56153215,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/71679529/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNjk5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="162408475" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MBAUDU">Michel BAUDU</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="162408475" type="text/json">{"id":162408475,"first_name":"Michel","last_name":"BAUDU","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MBAUDU","display_name":"Michel BAUDU","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MBAUDU?f_ri=4523","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_56153215 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="56153215"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 56153215, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_56153215", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_56153215 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span 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type="text/json">{"id":524,"name":"Analytical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analytical_Chemistry?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4523" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality">Water quality</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4523" type="text/json">{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9991" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wastewater_Treatment">Wastewater Treatment</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9991" type="text/json">{"id":9991,"name":"Wastewater Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wastewater_Treatment?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=56153215]'), work: {"id":56153215,"title":"Identification d'une signature biologique et physicochimique: des effluents hospitaliers: traçage dans l'environnement","created_at":"2021-10-06T22:36:38.132-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/56153215/Identification_dune_signature_biologique_et_physicochimique_des_effluents_hospitaliers_tra%C3%A7age_dans_lenvironnement?f_ri=4523","dom_id":"work_56153215","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":71679529,"asset_id":56153215,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":162408475,"first_name":"Michel","last_name":"BAUDU","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MBAUDU","display_name":"Michel BAUDU","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MBAUDU?f_ri=4523","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":524,"name":"Analytical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analytical_Chemistry?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":9991,"name":"Wastewater Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wastewater_Treatment?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":21724,"name":"Water Pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Pollution?f_ri=4523"},{"id":622367,"name":"Water Quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Quality-1?f_ri=4523"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_45476111" data-work_id="45476111" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/45476111/Application_of_Methodologies_for_Environmental_Flow_Determination_in_an_Andean_and_a_Mediterranean_Basin">Application of Methodologies for Environmental Flow Determination in an Andean and a Mediterranean Basin</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The demand for sustainable water management has promoted the development of methodologies for estimating environmental flows (EF). In this paper, the EF in an Andean river (Pance, Colombia) for conservation and a Mediterranean river... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_45476111" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The demand for sustainable water management has promoted the development of methodologies for estimating environmental flows (EF). In this paper, the EF in an Andean river (Pance, Colombia) for conservation and a Mediterranean river (Wadi-Zomar, Palestine) for restoration purposes is made. Different methodologies are applied given the objectives for each river. The authors used hydrological indices proposed for watersheds with different water regimes and adaptations and validations were made to the local context. These methods allow for estimating the EF at various points in the river and the assessment of disruption scenarios for decision-making. In the Wadi Zomar River, three sampling points were selected. The water samples were then examined for the presence of pathogens. No one indicator or simple hydrological parameter is entirely suitable for all environmental systems and pathogens. In the base flow conditions, the amount of pollutant load varied temporally according to the am...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/45476111" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d3ebc8f8f15021be5414edd710185ecf" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65977340,"asset_id":45476111,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65977340/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNjk5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4306498" href="https://independent.academia.edu/wilsongarces">Wilson Noe Garces Aguilar</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4306498" type="text/json">{"id":4306498,"first_name":"Wilson Noe","last_name":"Garces Aguilar","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"wilsongarces","display_name":"Wilson Noe Garces Aguilar","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/wilsongarces?f_ri=4523","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4306498/121782106/111117631/s65_wilson_noe.garces_aguilar.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_45476111 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="45476111"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 45476111, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_45476111", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45476111]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_45476111").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_45476111").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="45476111"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1681" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decision_Making">Decision Making</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1681" type="text/json">{"id":1681,"name":"Decision Making","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decision_Making?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4523" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality">Water quality</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4523" type="text/json">{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="45401" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Management">Water Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="45401" type="text/json">{"id":45401,"name":"Water Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Management?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="96047" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Study">Case Study</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="96047" type="text/json">{"id":96047,"name":"Case Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Study?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=45476111]'), work: {"id":45476111,"title":"Application of Methodologies for Environmental Flow Determination in an Andean and a Mediterranean Basin","created_at":"2021-03-11T14:12:49.179-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/45476111/Application_of_Methodologies_for_Environmental_Flow_Determination_in_an_Andean_and_a_Mediterranean_Basin?f_ri=4523","dom_id":"work_45476111","summary":"The demand for sustainable water management has promoted the development of methodologies for estimating environmental flows (EF). In this paper, the EF in an Andean river (Pance, Colombia) for conservation and a Mediterranean river (Wadi-Zomar, Palestine) for restoration purposes is made. Different methodologies are applied given the objectives for each river. The authors used hydrological indices proposed for watersheds with different water regimes and adaptations and validations were made to the local context. These methods allow for estimating the EF at various points in the river and the assessment of disruption scenarios for decision-making. In the Wadi Zomar River, three sampling points were selected. The water samples were then examined for the presence of pathogens. No one indicator or simple hydrological parameter is entirely suitable for all environmental systems and pathogens. In the base flow conditions, the amount of pollutant load varied temporally according to the am...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65977340,"asset_id":45476111,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4306498,"first_name":"Wilson Noe","last_name":"Garces Aguilar","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"wilsongarces","display_name":"Wilson Noe Garces Aguilar","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/wilsongarces?f_ri=4523","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4306498/121782106/111117631/s65_wilson_noe.garces_aguilar.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1681,"name":"Decision Making","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decision_Making?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":45401,"name":"Water Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Management?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":96047,"name":"Case Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Study?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":622367,"name":"Water Quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Quality-1?f_ri=4523"},{"id":909901,"name":"Environmental Flow","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Flow?f_ri=4523"},{"id":966608,"name":"Mediterranean Basin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mediterranean_Basin?f_ri=4523"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9971219" data-work_id="9971219" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9971219/USING_REGRESSION_METHODS_TO_ESTIMATE_STREAM_PHOSPHORUS_LOADS_AT_THE_ILLINOIS_RIVER_ARKANSAS">USING REGRESSION METHODS TO ESTIMATE STREAM PHOSPHORUS LOADS AT THE ILLINOIS RIVER, ARKANSAS</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9971219" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a705eb9aaf2e5736c3c7dd2b502ea92d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47587219,"asset_id":9971219,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47587219/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNjk5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="24239695" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ReedGreen">Reed Green</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="24239695" type="text/json">{"id":24239695,"first_name":"Reed","last_name":"Green","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ReedGreen","display_name":"Reed Green","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ReedGreen?f_ri=4523","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9971219 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9971219"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9971219, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9971219", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9971219]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_9971219").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_9971219").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="9971219"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4523" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality">Water quality</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4523" type="text/json">{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48458" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/High_Frequency">High Frequency</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48458" type="text/json">{"id":48458,"name":"High Frequency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/High_Frequency?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="53108" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phosphorus">Phosphorus</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="53108" type="text/json">{"id":53108,"name":"Phosphorus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phosphorus?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="57433" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seasonality">Seasonality</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="57433" type="text/json">{"id":57433,"name":"Seasonality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seasonality?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9971219]'), work: {"id":9971219,"title":"USING REGRESSION METHODS TO ESTIMATE STREAM PHOSPHORUS LOADS AT THE ILLINOIS RIVER, ARKANSAS","created_at":"2015-01-01T10:30:58.658-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/9971219/USING_REGRESSION_METHODS_TO_ESTIMATE_STREAM_PHOSPHORUS_LOADS_AT_THE_ILLINOIS_RIVER_ARKANSAS?f_ri=4523","dom_id":"work_9971219","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47587219,"asset_id":9971219,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":24239695,"first_name":"Reed","last_name":"Green","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ReedGreen","display_name":"Reed Green","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ReedGreen?f_ri=4523","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":48458,"name":"High Frequency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/High_Frequency?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":53108,"name":"Phosphorus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phosphorus?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":57433,"name":"Seasonality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seasonality?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":406051,"name":"Regression Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regression_Model?f_ri=4523"},{"id":585179,"name":"Water quality monitoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality_monitoring?f_ri=4523"},{"id":622367,"name":"Water Quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Quality-1?f_ri=4523"},{"id":870763,"name":"Total Phosphorus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Total_Phosphorus?f_ri=4523"},{"id":1128952,"name":"Total Maximum Daily Load (Tmdl)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Total_Maximum_Daily_Load_Tmdl_?f_ri=4523"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11603418" data-work_id="11603418" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11603418/Zooplankton_Community_Structure_in_the_Coastal_Waters_of_Penang_National_Park_Penang_Malaysia_and_Their_Relation_with_Water_Quality_Conditions">Zooplankton Community Structure in the Coastal Waters of Penang National Park, Penang, Malaysia, and Their Relation with Water Quality Conditions.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Zooplankton community structure was studied in the coastal waters of Penang National Park (PNP), Penang. Zooplankton and water quality samples were collected monthly from November 2009 to October 2010 at eight sampling stations (Stations... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11603418" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Zooplankton community structure was studied in the coastal waters of Penang National Park (PNP), Penang. Zooplankton and water quality samples were collected monthly from November 2009 to October 2010 at eight sampling stations (Stations 1 to 8) surrounding the PNP. A total of 49 zooplankton taxa were recorded with mean abundance 1449.99 ± 158.51 ind m-3 and biomass 15.64 ± 0.26 mg m-3. Copepods population was the dominant group recorded with relative abundance amounted for 72.09%. Station 7 (located at an area with minimal human activities) recorded highest zooplankton abundance while lowest abundance was recorded at Station 1 (highly impacted by human activities, eg. fish landing site, discharged of sewage from nearby human settlements). Water quality parameters play a role in influencing the zooplankton community structure. Zooplankton was significantly negatively correlated with water transparency, temperature, salinity and conductivity. It was suggested that zooplankton community was highly influenced by food availability and anthropogenic activities in the study sites.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11603418" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0b6df2c2177b5807aca1b229d6a8e399" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37080288,"asset_id":11603418,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37080288/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNjk5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2781593" href="https://blinkweb.academia.edu/MuhammadAdlan">Muhammad Adlan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2781593" type="text/json">{"id":2781593,"first_name":"Muhammad","last_name":"Adlan","domain_name":"blinkweb","page_name":"MuhammadAdlan","display_name":"Muhammad Adlan","profile_url":"https://blinkweb.academia.edu/MuhammadAdlan?f_ri=4523","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2781593/908090/30390753/s65_muhammad.adlan.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11603418 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11603418"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11603418, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11603418", }); 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Zooplankton and water quality samples were collected monthly from November 2009 to October 2010 at eight sampling stations (Stations 1 to 8) surrounding the PNP. A total of 49 zooplankton taxa were recorded with mean abundance 1449.99 ± 158.51 ind m-3 and biomass 15.64 ± 0.26 mg m-3. Copepods population was the dominant group recorded with relative abundance amounted for 72.09%. Station 7 (located at an area with minimal human activities) recorded highest zooplankton abundance while lowest abundance was recorded at Station 1 (highly impacted by human activities, eg. fish landing site, discharged of sewage from nearby human settlements). Water quality parameters play a role in influencing the zooplankton community structure. Zooplankton was significantly negatively correlated with water transparency, temperature, salinity and conductivity. It was suggested that zooplankton community was highly influenced by food availability and anthropogenic activities in the study sites.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37080288,"asset_id":11603418,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2781593,"first_name":"Muhammad","last_name":"Adlan","domain_name":"blinkweb","page_name":"MuhammadAdlan","display_name":"Muhammad Adlan","profile_url":"https://blinkweb.academia.edu/MuhammadAdlan?f_ri=4523","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2781593/908090/30390753/s65_muhammad.adlan.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":17591,"name":"Zooplankton ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zooplankton_ecology?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x 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Justice</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="18590" type="text/json">{"id":18590,"name":"Environmental Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Justice?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18961" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_learning">Social learning</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="18961" type="text/json">{"id":18961,"name":"Social learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_learning?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33825" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management">Integrated Water Resources Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="33825" type="text/json">{"id":33825,"name":"Integrated Water Resources 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Balazs","profile_url":"https://ucdavis.academia.edu/CarolinaBalazs?f_ri=4523","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":18590,"name":"Environmental Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Justice?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":18961,"name":"Social learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_learning?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":33825,"name":"Integrated Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_79821275" data-work_id="79821275" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/79821275/Qualitative_and_Quantitative_Assessment_of_Rainwater_Harvesting_from_Rooftop_Catchments_Case_Study_of_Oke_Lantoro_Community_in_Abeokuta_Southwest_Nigeria">Qualitative and Quantitative Assessment of Rainwater Harvesting from Rooftop Catchments: Case Study of Oke-Lantoro Community in Abeokuta, Southwest Nigeria</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Quantitative and qualitative assessment of Rainwater harvesting system from rooftop runoff from a catchment at Oke-Lantoro Community in Abeokuta, Southwest Nigeria was determined using eight roof design in respect to slope and six... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_79821275" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Quantitative and qualitative assessment of Rainwater harvesting system from rooftop runoff from a catchment at Oke-Lantoro Community in Abeokuta, Southwest Nigeria was determined using eight roof design in respect to slope and six selected roofing sheet materials respectively. The result showed that the steeper the roof slope the more the rainwater harvested irrespective of rainfall amount and duration. Roof pattern with a large and steep slope designed with gutter tends to harvest more water and at a higher rate. Physico-chemical analysis of the harvested water samples gave results which varied from various drinking water quality regulatory standards. Sample from galvanized roofing sheet was influenced by zinc and lead in quantity beyond human consumption level, while the asbestos roofing sheet water sample gave higher calcium and magnesium content which reflects in the total hardness value. Sample from the aluminum roofing sheet gave the best result but it was also affected by the...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/79821275" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="03e2b752fb83f2e216e6ac1fc97a5e41" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":86406999,"asset_id":79821275,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86406999/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNjk5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="14307631" href="https://unnab.academia.edu/gideonUfoegbune">gideon Ufoegbune</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="14307631" type="text/json">{"id":14307631,"first_name":"gideon","last_name":"Ufoegbune","domain_name":"unnab","page_name":"gideonUfoegbune","display_name":"gideon Ufoegbune","profile_url":"https://unnab.academia.edu/gideonUfoegbune?f_ri=4523","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14307631/17578743/17639091/s65_gideon.ufoegbune.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_79821275 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="79821275"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 79821275, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_79821275", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=79821275]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_79821275").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_79821275").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="79821275"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="402" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science">Environmental Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="402" type="text/json">{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4523" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality">Water quality</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4523" type="text/json">{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10688" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rainwater_Harvesting">Rainwater Harvesting</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10688" type="text/json">{"id":10688,"name":"Rainwater Harvesting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rainwater_Harvesting?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48755" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Harvesting">Harvesting</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="48755" type="text/json">{"id":48755,"name":"Harvesting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Harvesting?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=79821275]'), work: {"id":79821275,"title":"Qualitative and Quantitative Assessment of Rainwater Harvesting from Rooftop Catchments: Case Study of Oke-Lantoro Community in Abeokuta, Southwest Nigeria","created_at":"2022-05-24T05:55:31.612-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/79821275/Qualitative_and_Quantitative_Assessment_of_Rainwater_Harvesting_from_Rooftop_Catchments_Case_Study_of_Oke_Lantoro_Community_in_Abeokuta_Southwest_Nigeria?f_ri=4523","dom_id":"work_79821275","summary":"Quantitative and qualitative assessment of Rainwater harvesting system from rooftop runoff from a catchment at Oke-Lantoro Community in Abeokuta, Southwest Nigeria was determined using eight roof design in respect to slope and six selected roofing sheet materials respectively. The result showed that the steeper the roof slope the more the rainwater harvested irrespective of rainfall amount and duration. Roof pattern with a large and steep slope designed with gutter tends to harvest more water and at a higher rate. Physico-chemical analysis of the harvested water samples gave results which varied from various drinking water quality regulatory standards. Sample from galvanized roofing sheet was influenced by zinc and lead in quantity beyond human consumption level, while the asbestos roofing sheet water sample gave higher calcium and magnesium content which reflects in the total hardness value. Sample from the aluminum roofing sheet gave the best result but it was also affected by the...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":86406999,"asset_id":79821275,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":14307631,"first_name":"gideon","last_name":"Ufoegbune","domain_name":"unnab","page_name":"gideonUfoegbune","display_name":"gideon Ufoegbune","profile_url":"https://unnab.academia.edu/gideonUfoegbune?f_ri=4523","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14307631/17578743/17639091/s65_gideon.ufoegbune.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":10688,"name":"Rainwater Harvesting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rainwater_Harvesting?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":48755,"name":"Harvesting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Harvesting?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":184470,"name":"Rain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rain?f_ri=4523"},{"id":622367,"name":"Water Quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Quality-1?f_ri=4523"},{"id":936355,"name":"Potable","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Potable?f_ri=4523"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_79545806" data-work_id="79545806" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/79545806/Life_cycle_cost_analysis_of_rooftop_gardens_in_Singapore">Life cycle cost analysis of rooftop gardens in Singapore</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/79545806" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4416b4424dd50f757e1c3085a76a6edc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":86224338,"asset_id":79545806,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86224338/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNjk5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="39108875" href="https://nus.academia.edu/AngeliaSia">Angelia Sia</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="39108875" type="text/json">{"id":39108875,"first_name":"Angelia","last_name":"Sia","domain_name":"nus","page_name":"AngeliaSia","display_name":"Angelia Sia","profile_url":"https://nus.academia.edu/AngeliaSia?f_ri=4523","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/39108875/39914903/32871257/s65_angelia.ng.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_79545806 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="79545806"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 79545806, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_79545806", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_79545806 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79545806; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_79545806"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_79545806 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="79545806"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79545806; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=79545806]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_79545806").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_79545806").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="79545806"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="402" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science">Environmental Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="402" type="text/json">{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1372" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture">Architecture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1372" type="text/json">{"id":1372,"name":"Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4523" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality">Water quality</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4523" type="text/json">{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="87108" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Issues">Environmental Issues</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="87108" type="text/json">{"id":87108,"name":"Environmental Issues","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Issues?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=79545806]'), work: {"id":79545806,"title":"Life cycle cost analysis of rooftop gardens in Singapore","created_at":"2022-05-20T15:35:36.118-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/79545806/Life_cycle_cost_analysis_of_rooftop_gardens_in_Singapore?f_ri=4523","dom_id":"work_79545806","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":86224338,"asset_id":79545806,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":39108875,"first_name":"Angelia","last_name":"Sia","domain_name":"nus","page_name":"AngeliaSia","display_name":"Angelia Sia","profile_url":"https://nus.academia.edu/AngeliaSia?f_ri=4523","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/39108875/39914903/32871257/s65_angelia.ng.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":1372,"name":"Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":87108,"name":"Environmental Issues","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Issues?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":101782,"name":"Building","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Building?f_ri=4523"},{"id":123866,"name":"Urban heat island","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_heat_island?f_ri=4523"},{"id":168986,"name":"Life-Cycle Cost Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life-Cycle_Cost_Analysis?f_ri=4523"},{"id":182962,"name":"Life Cycle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_Cycle?f_ri=4523"},{"id":197601,"name":"Energy simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_simulation?f_ri=4523"},{"id":503578,"name":"Building Environment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Building_Environment?f_ri=4523"},{"id":622367,"name":"Water Quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Quality-1?f_ri=4523"},{"id":1010596,"name":"Energy Cost","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Cost?f_ri=4523"},{"id":1196461,"name":"Economic Benefit","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Benefit?f_ri=4523"},{"id":1323288,"name":"Life Cycle Cost","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_Cycle_Cost?f_ri=4523"},{"id":1957240,"name":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ENVIRONMENTAL_SCIENCE_AND_MANAGEMENT?f_ri=4523"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_69634489" data-work_id="69634489" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/69634489/Drinking_Water_Quality_Assessment_of_Public_Tube_Wells_and_Their_Spatial_Distribution_in_the_Rangpur_City_of_Bangladesh">Drinking Water Quality Assessment of Public Tube-Wells and Their Spatial Distribution in the Rangpur City of Bangladesh</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A rapid growth of urbanization and industrialization is observed in Rangpur city after becoming a new administrative division of Bangladesh. As a result, the demand for consumptive water use has prominently increased here. The main source... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_69634489" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A rapid growth of urbanization and industrialization is observed in Rangpur city after becoming a new administrative division of Bangladesh. As a result, the demand for consumptive water use has prominently increased here. The main source of drinking water for most of the working-class people and slum-dwellers are public tube-wells that are installed at the masjid, school, college, marketplace, bus stand, and roadside. Though the water quality is a major concern, there is lack of monitoring of drinking water quality. Hence, this study aims to assess the water quality of the public tube-wells and find out its suitability as drinking water according to the Bangladesh ECR1997 and WHO guidelines. Fifteen water samples were collected from public tube-wells of Rangpur City and some important water quality parameters were tested. After testing, the values of different parameters were statistically analyzed to determine the maximum, minimum, mean, median, and standard deviation. The spatial distribution was illustrated by GIS mapping. The average value of pH 6.75, Total Dissolved Solids 186.2 mg/L, Conductivity 401.98 µS/cm, Dissolved Oxygen 4.34 mg/L, Total Hardness 117.67 mg/L, Alkalinity 107.33 mg/L, Total Iron 1.247 mg/L, Copper 0.067 mg/L, Phosphate 0.35 mg/L, and Chloride 31.56 mg/L. Most of the parameters have been found within the permissible limit but total iron of few samples exceeds the limit. The study reveals that the public tube-well water is safe for consumption. Finally, the geo-spatial map is generated that depicts the distribution of each water quality parameter in Rangpur City.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/69634489" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d8bf4b9d6b8fee1fd4b4188c61b6be82" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":79653903,"asset_id":69634489,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/79653903/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNjk5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="146412748" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AshikIqbal15">Ashik Iqbal</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="146412748" type="text/json">{"id":146412748,"first_name":"Ashik","last_name":"Iqbal","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AshikIqbal15","display_name":"Ashik Iqbal","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AshikIqbal15?f_ri=4523","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/146412748/59386499/47630842/s65_ashik.iqbal.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_69634489 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="69634489"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 69634489, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_69634489", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_69634489 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 69634489; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_69634489"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_69634489 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="69634489"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 69634489; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=69634489]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_69634489").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_69634489").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="69634489"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1362" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spatial_Analysis">Spatial Analysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1362" type="text/json">{"id":1362,"name":"Spatial Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spatial_Analysis?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4523" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality">Water quality</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4523" type="text/json">{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4526" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources">Water resources</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4526" type="text/json">{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6951" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Groundwater">Groundwater</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6951" type="text/json">{"id":6951,"name":"Groundwater","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Groundwater?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=69634489]'), work: {"id":69634489,"title":"Drinking Water Quality Assessment of Public Tube-Wells and Their Spatial Distribution in the Rangpur City of Bangladesh","created_at":"2022-01-27T06:12:54.186-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/69634489/Drinking_Water_Quality_Assessment_of_Public_Tube_Wells_and_Their_Spatial_Distribution_in_the_Rangpur_City_of_Bangladesh?f_ri=4523","dom_id":"work_69634489","summary":"A rapid growth of urbanization and industrialization is observed in Rangpur city after becoming a new administrative division of Bangladesh. As a result, the demand for consumptive water use has prominently increased here. The main source of drinking water for most of the working-class people and slum-dwellers are public tube-wells that are installed at the masjid, school, college, marketplace, bus stand, and roadside. Though the water quality is a major concern, there is lack of monitoring of drinking water quality. Hence, this study aims to assess the water quality of the public tube-wells and find out its suitability as drinking water according to the Bangladesh ECR1997 and WHO guidelines. Fifteen water samples were collected from public tube-wells of Rangpur City and some important water quality parameters were tested. After testing, the values of different parameters were statistically analyzed to determine the maximum, minimum, mean, median, and standard deviation. The spatial distribution was illustrated by GIS mapping. The average value of pH 6.75, Total Dissolved Solids 186.2 mg/L, Conductivity 401.98 µS/cm, Dissolved Oxygen 4.34 mg/L, Total Hardness 117.67 mg/L, Alkalinity 107.33 mg/L, Total Iron 1.247 mg/L, Copper 0.067 mg/L, Phosphate 0.35 mg/L, and Chloride 31.56 mg/L. Most of the parameters have been found within the permissible limit but total iron of few samples exceeds the limit. The study reveals that the public tube-well water is safe for consumption. Finally, the geo-spatial map is generated that depicts the distribution of each water quality parameter in Rangpur City.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":79653903,"asset_id":69634489,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":146412748,"first_name":"Ashik","last_name":"Iqbal","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AshikIqbal15","display_name":"Ashik Iqbal","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AshikIqbal15?f_ri=4523","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/146412748/59386499/47630842/s65_ashik.iqbal.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1362,"name":"Spatial Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spatial_Analysis?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":6951,"name":"Groundwater","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Groundwater?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":17419,"name":"Drinking Water Quality Standards","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drinking_Water_Quality_Standards?f_ri=4523"},{"id":120641,"name":"Drinking Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drinking_Water?f_ri=4523"},{"id":178963,"name":"Groundwater Quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Groundwater_Quality?f_ri=4523"},{"id":186271,"name":"Box and Whisker Plots","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Box_and_Whisker_Plots?f_ri=4523"},{"id":231128,"name":"City Water Supply","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/City_Water_Supply?f_ri=4523"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_69428622" data-work_id="69428622" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/69428622/Environmental_controls_on_the_geochemistry_of_a_constructed_wetland">Environmental controls on the geochemistry of a constructed wetland</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Constructed wetlands are built to meet a number of regulatory requirements, including compensatory mitigation for wetland losses, treatment of wastewater, and reduction of non-point-source pollution. Natural processes in the wetland... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_69428622" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Constructed wetlands are built to meet a number of regulatory requirements, including compensatory mitigation for wetland losses, treatment of wastewater, and reduction of non-point-source pollution. Natural processes in the wetland stabilize the substrate, enhance permeability, remove organic, inorganic and microbiological contaminants and facilitate the flux of gases between the sediments and atmosphere. Here we present the results of an ongoing study to evaluate the nutrient retention efficiency of a constructed wetland at the Mansfield Campus of the Ohio State University, built to mitigate the loss of stream and wetlands resulting from the construction of the Riedl Hall in 2005. The wetland is also used for stormwater retention, draining 190,000 m2 of campus uplands. Water samples have been collected monthly since April, 2009 and used for determination of organic and inorganic nutrients. Samples were collected at both the inflow and the outflow. Water temperature, pH, and concentration of total dissolved solids were also measured in situ using portable meters. Although there was considerable variability in the dataset, the mean values for all variables but pH were higher in the inflow compared to the outflow (Total Dissolved Solids = 11% higher; Total Oxidized Nitrogen (NO3 + NO2) = 46% higher; NH4 = 51% higher; PO4 = 122% higher; Total Nitrogen = 37% higher; Total Phosphorus = 43% higher; pH = 1% lower). These downstream changes in the studied variables were attributed primarily to biogeochemical processes in the wetland, which removes excess nutrients and improves water quality. The nutrient removal efficiency of the wetland varied considerably between seasons. Highest nutrient removal was observed during the summer (~40% efficiency), while the lowest was observed in the fall (~25% efficiency). Higher efficiency was observed in the removal of PO4 (65% in summer), while TON had the lowest removal efficiency (22% in the fall). There is a positive significant correlation between precipitation and DIN concentrations in both the inflow and outflow stations. Precipitation events explain 73% of the variability in DIN concentrations on the inflow and 87% of the variability on the outflow. On average, a reduction of 14% in the nutrient removal efficiency of the Riedl wetland was observed after rainfall events.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/69428622" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f115f9641820673ec59b247c526850d4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":79531118,"asset_id":69428622,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/79531118/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNjk5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4259201" href="https://osu1.academia.edu/OzeasCosta">Ozeas Costa</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4259201" type="text/json">{"id":4259201,"first_name":"Ozeas","last_name":"Costa","domain_name":"osu1","page_name":"OzeasCosta","display_name":"Ozeas Costa","profile_url":"https://osu1.academia.edu/OzeasCosta?f_ri=4523","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4259201/1689899/60460719/s65_ozeas.costa.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_69428622 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="69428622"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 69428622, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_69428622", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=69428622]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_69428622").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_69428622").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="69428622"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="407" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geochemistry">Geochemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="407" type="text/json">{"id":407,"name":"Geochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geochemistry?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2461" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wetlands">Wetlands</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2461" type="text/json">{"id":2461,"name":"Wetlands","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wetlands?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3743" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Geochemistry_Environmental_Studies_">Environmental Geochemistry (Environmental Studies)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3743" type="text/json">{"id":3743,"name":"Environmental Geochemistry (Environmental Studies)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Geochemistry_Environmental_Studies_?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4523" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality">Water quality</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4523" type="text/json">{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=69428622]'), work: {"id":69428622,"title":"Environmental controls on the geochemistry of a constructed wetland","created_at":"2022-01-25T07:41:40.230-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/69428622/Environmental_controls_on_the_geochemistry_of_a_constructed_wetland?f_ri=4523","dom_id":"work_69428622","summary":"Constructed wetlands are built to meet a number of regulatory requirements, including compensatory mitigation for wetland losses, treatment of wastewater, and reduction of non-point-source pollution. Natural processes in the wetland stabilize the substrate, enhance permeability, remove organic, inorganic and microbiological contaminants and facilitate the flux of gases between the sediments and atmosphere. Here we present the results of an ongoing study to evaluate the nutrient retention efficiency of a constructed wetland at the Mansfield Campus of the Ohio State University, built to mitigate the loss of stream and wetlands resulting from the construction of the Riedl Hall in 2005. The wetland is also used for stormwater retention, draining 190,000 m2 of campus uplands. Water samples have been collected monthly since April, 2009 and used for determination of organic and inorganic nutrients. Samples were collected at both the inflow and the outflow. Water temperature, pH, and concentration of total dissolved solids were also measured in situ using portable meters. Although there was considerable variability in the dataset, the mean values for all variables but pH were higher in the inflow compared to the outflow (Total Dissolved Solids = 11% higher; Total Oxidized Nitrogen (NO3 + NO2) = 46% higher; NH4 = 51% higher; PO4 = 122% higher; Total Nitrogen = 37% higher; Total Phosphorus = 43% higher; pH = 1% lower). These downstream changes in the studied variables were attributed primarily to biogeochemical processes in the wetland, which removes excess nutrients and improves water quality. The nutrient removal efficiency of the wetland varied considerably between seasons. Highest nutrient removal was observed during the summer (~40% efficiency), while the lowest was observed in the fall (~25% efficiency). Higher efficiency was observed in the removal of PO4 (65% in summer), while TON had the lowest removal efficiency (22% in the fall). There is a positive significant correlation between precipitation and DIN concentrations in both the inflow and outflow stations. Precipitation events explain 73% of the variability in DIN concentrations on the inflow and 87% of the variability on the outflow. On average, a reduction of 14% in the nutrient removal efficiency of the Riedl wetland was observed after rainfall events.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":79531118,"asset_id":69428622,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4259201,"first_name":"Ozeas","last_name":"Costa","domain_name":"osu1","page_name":"OzeasCosta","display_name":"Ozeas Costa","profile_url":"https://osu1.academia.edu/OzeasCosta?f_ri=4523","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4259201/1689899/60460719/s65_ozeas.costa.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":407,"name":"Geochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geochemistry?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":2461,"name":"Wetlands","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wetlands?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":3743,"name":"Environmental Geochemistry (Environmental Studies)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Geochemistry_Environmental_Studies_?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":35805,"name":"Nutrient Cycling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nutrient_Cycling?f_ri=4523"},{"id":99135,"name":"Environmental Geochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Geochemistry?f_ri=4523"},{"id":187567,"name":"Constructed Wetlands","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constructed_Wetlands?f_ri=4523"},{"id":190486,"name":"Nutrients","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nutrients?f_ri=4523"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_68512581" data-work_id="68512581" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68512581/Bioremediation_of_acid_mine_drainage_coupled_with_domestic_wastewater_treatment">Bioremediation of acid mine drainage coupled with domestic wastewater treatment</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Acid mine drainage (AMD) – characterized by high acidity and elevated sulfate and metal concentrations – represents a big environmental concern. Biological sulfate reduction has become an alternative to the classical physicochemical... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_68512581" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Acid mine drainage (AMD) – characterized by high acidity and elevated sulfate and metal concentrations – represents a big environmental concern. Biological sulfate reduction has become an alternative to the classical physicochemical methods. In this study, domestic wastewater (DW) was tested as a cost-effective carbon-source for the remediation of AMD. Sediments from Tinto River, an extreme acidic environment with an elevated concentration of metals, were used as inoculum. Three anaerobic bioreactors with different microbial supports were fed with a 1:10 (v:v) mixture of synthetic AMD:DW. Around 50% of the organic matter present in the DW co-precipitated with the metals from the AMD previous to feeding the reactor. Therefore, the reactors had to be supplemented with an extra carbon-source (acetate) to achieve higher S elimination. Elevated removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD) (&gt;88%), sulfate (&gt;75%), Fe (&gt;85%) and other dissolved metals (&gt;99% except for Mn...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/68512581" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4a5037578b8963e113806c6f96a1b114" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":78960507,"asset_id":68512581,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78960507/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNjk5Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38944781" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Jos%C3%A9Sanz4">José Sanz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38944781" type="text/json">{"id":38944781,"first_name":"José","last_name":"Sanz","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JoséSanz4","display_name":"José Sanz","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Jos%C3%A9Sanz4?f_ri=4523","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_68512581 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="68512581"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 68512581, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_68512581", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_68512581 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 68512581; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_68512581"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_68512581 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="68512581"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 68512581; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=68512581]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_68512581").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_68512581").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="68512581"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4523" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality">Water quality</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4523" type="text/json">{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6515" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Purification">Water Purification</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6515" type="text/json">{"id":6515,"name":"Water Purification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Purification?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10655" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scanning_Electron_Microscopy">Scanning Electron Microscopy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10655" type="text/json">{"id":10655,"name":"Scanning Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scanning_Electron_Microscopy?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14079" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scanning_Transmission_Electron_Microscopy">Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="14079" type="text/json">{"id":14079,"name":"Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scanning_Transmission_Electron_Microscopy?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=68512581]'), work: {"id":68512581,"title":"Bioremediation of acid mine drainage coupled with domestic wastewater treatment","created_at":"2022-01-17T03:32:45.771-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/68512581/Bioremediation_of_acid_mine_drainage_coupled_with_domestic_wastewater_treatment?f_ri=4523","dom_id":"work_68512581","summary":"Acid mine drainage (AMD) – characterized by high acidity and elevated sulfate and metal concentrations – represents a big environmental concern. Biological sulfate reduction has become an alternative to the classical physicochemical methods. In this study, domestic wastewater (DW) was tested as a cost-effective carbon-source for the remediation of AMD. Sediments from Tinto River, an extreme acidic environment with an elevated concentration of metals, were used as inoculum. Three anaerobic bioreactors with different microbial supports were fed with a 1:10 (v:v) mixture of synthetic AMD:DW. Around 50% of the organic matter present in the DW co-precipitated with the metals from the AMD previous to feeding the reactor. Therefore, the reactors had to be supplemented with an extra carbon-source (acetate) to achieve higher S elimination. Elevated removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD) (\u0026gt;88%), sulfate (\u0026gt;75%), Fe (\u0026gt;85%) and other dissolved metals (\u0026gt;99% except for Mn...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78960507,"asset_id":68512581,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38944781,"first_name":"José","last_name":"Sanz","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JoséSanz4","display_name":"José Sanz","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Jos%C3%A9Sanz4?f_ri=4523","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":6515,"name":"Water Purification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Purification?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":10655,"name":"Scanning Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scanning_Electron_Microscopy?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":14079,"name":"Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scanning_Transmission_Electron_Microscopy?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":18496,"name":"Mining","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mining?f_ri=4523"},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=4523"},{"id":100540,"name":"Feasibility Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feasibility_Studies?f_ri=4523"},{"id":255058,"name":"Metals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metals?f_ri=4523"},{"id":355464,"name":"Water Science and Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Science_and_Technology?f_ri=4523"},{"id":410387,"name":"Sewage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sewage?f_ri=4523"},{"id":501201,"name":"Bioreactors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioreactors?f_ri=4523"},{"id":532843,"name":"Industrial Waste","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Industrial_Waste?f_ri=4523"},{"id":622367,"name":"Water Quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Quality-1?f_ri=4523"},{"id":1663770,"name":"Sulfates","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sulfates?f_ri=4523"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_65038679" data-work_id="65038679" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/65038679/Nutrient_budgets_in_intensive_shrimp_ponds_implications_for_sustainability">Nutrient budgets in intensive shrimp ponds: implications for sustainability</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/65038679" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bdbaaeea7be1c6039f4162035c03d6c8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":76798283,"asset_id":65038679,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm 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Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adaptive_Management?f_ri=4523"},{"id":577354,"name":"Nutrient Loading","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nutrient_Loading?f_ri=4523"},{"id":619280,"name":"Nutrient Availability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nutrient_Availability?f_ri=4523"},{"id":622367,"name":"Water Quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Quality-1?f_ri=4523"},{"id":1662178,"name":"Florida Keys","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Florida_Keys?f_ri=4523"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_56777292" data-work_id="56777292" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/56777292/The_Modern_Problems_of_Sustainable_Use_and_Management_of_Irrigated_Lands_on_the_Example_of_the_Bukhara_Region_Uzbekistan_">The Modern Problems of Sustainable Use and Management of Irrigated Lands on the Example of the Bukhara Region (Uzbekistan)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Central Asian lowlands are characterized by an arid and continental climate. At the same time, the large streams and rivers have been providing water for the development of flourishing oases and extensive irrigated farming areas.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_56777292" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Central Asian lowlands are characterized by an arid and continental climate. At the same time, the large streams and rivers have been providing water for the development of flourishing oases and extensive irrigated farming areas. Bukhara is one of those oases. The population of 1.7 mln. and especially the agricultural sector (with an irrigated area of 275,000 ha) use a considerable amount of water. But as the flat topography does not provide sufficient natural drainage, water logging and raising groundwater tables have become serious problems for the agricultural productivity. The combination of the high salinity of the irrigation water and the generous application of fertilizers leads to a widespread soil salinization. Excessive leaching is supposed to reduce the top soil salinity, but as the drainage system is only covering a small portion of the irrigated areas and is in need of maintenance, this process only contributes to the ongoing salinization and the reduction of soil f...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/56777292" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1dd50edde8148f9214eb0952baaad39b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":71995995,"asset_id":56777292,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/71995995/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNjk5Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="49462182" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RashidKulmatov">Rashid Kulmatov</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="49462182" type="text/json">{"id":49462182,"first_name":"Rashid","last_name":"Kulmatov","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RashidKulmatov","display_name":"Rashid Kulmatov","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RashidKulmatov?f_ri=4523","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_56777292 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="56777292"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 56777292, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_56777292", }); 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At the same time, the large streams and rivers have been providing water for the development of flourishing oases and extensive irrigated farming areas. Bukhara is one of those oases. The population of 1.7 mln. and especially the agricultural sector (with an irrigated area of 275,000 ha) use a considerable amount of water. But as the flat topography does not provide sufficient natural drainage, water logging and raising groundwater tables have become serious problems for the agricultural productivity. The combination of the high salinity of the irrigation water and the generous application of fertilizers leads to a widespread soil salinization. Excessive leaching is supposed to reduce the top soil salinity, but as the drainage system is only covering a small portion of the irrigated areas and is in need of maintenance, this process only contributes to the ongoing salinization and the reduction of soil f...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":71995995,"asset_id":56777292,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":49462182,"first_name":"Rashid","last_name":"Kulmatov","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RashidKulmatov","display_name":"Rashid Kulmatov","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RashidKulmatov?f_ri=4523","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3724,"name":"Irrigation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Irrigation?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":6951,"name":"Groundwater","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Groundwater?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":22650,"name":"Central Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_Asia?f_ri=4523"},{"id":174132,"name":"Salinization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Salinization?f_ri=4523"},{"id":183809,"name":"Bukhara","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bukhara?f_ri=4523"},{"id":622367,"name":"Water Quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Quality-1?f_ri=4523"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_56418919" data-work_id="56418919" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/56418919/Water_for_Agriculture_the_Convergence_of_Sustainability_and_Safety">Water for Agriculture: the Convergence of Sustainability and Safety</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Agricultural water is a precious and limited resource. Increasingly more water types and sources are being explored for use in irrigation within the United States and across the globe. As outlined in this chapter, the Produce Safety Rule... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_56418919" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Agricultural water is a precious and limited resource. Increasingly more water types and sources are being explored for use in irrigation within the United States and across the globe. As outlined in this chapter, the Produce Safety Rule (PSR) in the Food Safety and Modernization Act (FSMA) provide irrigation water standards for application of water to fruits and vegetables consumed raw. These rules for production and use of water will continue to develop and be required as the world experiences aspects of a changing climate including flooding as well as drought conditions. Research continues to assess the use of agricultural water types. The increased use of reclaimed water in the United States as well as for selected irrigation water needs for specific crops may provide increased water availability. The use of surface water can be used in irrigation as well, but several studies have shown the presence of some enteric bacterial pathogens (enterohemorrhagic E. coli, Salmonella spp. ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/56418919" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4a17349390430e65b939aa79977690fd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":71815638,"asset_id":56418919,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/71815638/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNjk5Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="29603018" href="https://udel.academia.edu/KalmiaKniel">Kalmia (Kali) Kniel</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="29603018" type="text/json">{"id":29603018,"first_name":"Kalmia (Kali)","last_name":"Kniel","domain_name":"udel","page_name":"KalmiaKniel","display_name":"Kalmia (Kali) Kniel","profile_url":"https://udel.academia.edu/KalmiaKniel?f_ri=4523","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_56418919 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="56418919"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 56418919, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_56418919", }); 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Increasingly more water types and sources are being explored for use in irrigation within the United States and across the globe. As outlined in this chapter, the Produce Safety Rule (PSR) in the Food Safety and Modernization Act (FSMA) provide irrigation water standards for application of water to fruits and vegetables consumed raw. These rules for production and use of water will continue to develop and be required as the world experiences aspects of a changing climate including flooding as well as drought conditions. Research continues to assess the use of agricultural water types. The increased use of reclaimed water in the United States as well as for selected irrigation water needs for specific crops may provide increased water availability. The use of surface water can be used in irrigation as well, but several studies have shown the presence of some enteric bacterial pathogens (enterohemorrhagic E. coli, Salmonella spp. ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":71815638,"asset_id":56418919,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":29603018,"first_name":"Kalmia (Kali)","last_name":"Kniel","domain_name":"udel","page_name":"KalmiaKniel","display_name":"Kalmia (Kali) Kniel","profile_url":"https://udel.academia.edu/KalmiaKniel?f_ri=4523","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1081,"name":"Food Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Safety?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":4523,"name":"Water 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class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5796578/Temporal_and_Spatial_Variability_of_Mesozooplankton_in_a_Shallow_Sub_Tropical_Bay_Influence_of_Top_Down_Control">Temporal and Spatial Variability of Mesozooplankton in a Shallow Sub-Tropical Bay: Influence of Top-Down Control</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Quantifying the relationship between mesozooplankton and water quality parameters identifies the factors that structure the mesozooplankton community and can be used to generate hypotheses regarding the mechanisms that control the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5796578" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Quantifying the relationship between mesozooplankton and water quality parameters identifies the factors that structure the mesozooplankton community and can be used to generate hypotheses regarding the mechanisms that control the mesozooplankton population and potentially the trophic network. To investigate this relationship, mesozooplankton and water quality data were collected in Florida Bay from 1994 to 2004. Three key characteristics were found in the mesozooplankton community structure: (1) there are significant differences between the four sub-regions of Florida Bay; (2) there is a break in May of 1997 with significant differences before and after this date; and (3) there is a positive correlation between mesozooplankton abundance and salinity. The latter two characteristics are closely correlated with predator abundance, indicating the importance of top-down control. Hypersaline periods appear to provide a refuge from predators, allowing mesozooplankton to increase in abundance despite the increased physiological stress.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5796578" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="62d3e6130b3d23b9dc93b267073b50a7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49136981,"asset_id":5796578,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49136981/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNjk5Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8491654" href="https://miami.academia.edu/GaryHitchcock">Gary Hitchcock</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8491654" type="text/json">{"id":8491654,"first_name":"Gary","last_name":"Hitchcock","domain_name":"miami","page_name":"GaryHitchcock","display_name":"Gary Hitchcock","profile_url":"https://miami.academia.edu/GaryHitchcock?f_ri=4523","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8491654/2857176/3336647/s65_gary.hitchcock.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5796578 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5796578"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5796578, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5796578", }); 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To investigate this relationship, mesozooplankton and water quality data were collected in Florida Bay from 1994 to 2004. Three key characteristics were found in the mesozooplankton community structure: (1) there are significant differences between the four sub-regions of Florida Bay; (2) there is a break in May of 1997 with significant differences before and after this date; and (3) there is a positive correlation between mesozooplankton abundance and salinity. The latter two characteristics are closely correlated with predator abundance, indicating the importance of top-down control. 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work_25111174" data-work_id="25111174" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25111174/IMPACT_OF_HUMAN_ACTIVITY_ON_SOME_SUBSURFACE_WATER_RESOURCES_IN_TAIZ_CITY_YEMEN">IMPACT OF HUMAN ACTIVITY ON SOME SUBSURFACE WATER RESOURCES IN TAIZ CITY YEMEN</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Shortage of clean and safe water resources in Taiz Governorate, Yemen, represents an extremely important factor in the stability and an integral element in its economic development and prosperity. Groundwater is the main source of water... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_25111174" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Shortage of clean and safe water resources in Taiz Governorate, Yemen, represents an extremely important factor in the stability and an integral element in its economic development and prosperity. Groundwater is the main source of water in Yemen, in addition to surface water. Demands for fresh water will continue to rise since the area of study witnesses continuous development and depends on the available local water resources. In addition to the shortage of the water resources, the water quality problems are more severe in the study area. Major, minor and trace elements were determined in fifteen water samples, collected from different resources including some dug and drilled wells. Results indicate that down stream the groundwater quality gradually deteriorate due to infiltration of poorly treated wastewater discharging from uncontrolled domestic and industrial wastewater. All the studied water samples are not suitable for drinking but some of them may be used for irrigation occasionally in very special circumstances. At the present time, the government and scientific organizations in Yemen pay more attention to face the water demand.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25111174" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="17d2e3d93b228533f448d68942c258f5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45429233,"asset_id":25111174,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45429233/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNjk5Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="12574213" href="https://taiz.academia.edu/EssamAlsharabi">Essam S . 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Al Sharabi","profile_url":"https://taiz.academia.edu/EssamAlsharabi?f_ri=4523","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12574213/3587388/14170735/s65_essam.alsharabi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_25111174 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="25111174"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 25111174, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_25111174", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_25111174 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 25111174; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_25111174"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_25111174 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="25111174"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 25111174; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=25111174]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_25111174").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_25111174").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="25111174"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="411" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogeology">Hydrogeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="411" type="text/json">{"id":411,"name":"Hydrogeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogeology?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4523" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality">Water quality</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4523" type="text/json">{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6593" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrochemistry">Hydrochemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6593" type="text/json">{"id":6593,"name":"Hydrochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrochemistry?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15231" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Yemen">Yemen</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15231" type="text/json">{"id":15231,"name":"Yemen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Yemen?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=25111174]'), work: {"id":25111174,"title":"IMPACT OF HUMAN ACTIVITY ON SOME SUBSURFACE WATER RESOURCES IN TAIZ CITY YEMEN","created_at":"2016-05-07T10:08:20.938-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/25111174/IMPACT_OF_HUMAN_ACTIVITY_ON_SOME_SUBSURFACE_WATER_RESOURCES_IN_TAIZ_CITY_YEMEN?f_ri=4523","dom_id":"work_25111174","summary":"Shortage of clean and safe water resources in Taiz Governorate, Yemen, represents an extremely important factor in the stability and an integral element in its economic development and prosperity. Groundwater is the main source of water in Yemen, in addition to surface water. Demands for fresh water will continue to rise since the area of study witnesses continuous development and depends on the available local water resources. In addition to the shortage of the water resources, the water quality problems are more severe in the study area. Major, minor and trace elements were determined in fifteen water samples, collected from different resources including some dug and drilled wells. Results indicate that down stream the groundwater quality gradually deteriorate due to infiltration of poorly treated wastewater discharging from uncontrolled domestic and industrial wastewater. All the studied water samples are not suitable for drinking but some of them may be used for irrigation occasionally in very special circumstances. At the present time, the government and scientific organizations in Yemen pay more attention to face the water demand.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45429233,"asset_id":25111174,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":12574213,"first_name":"Essam","last_name":"Al Sharabi","domain_name":"taiz","page_name":"EssamAlsharabi","display_name":"Essam S . A . Al Sharabi","profile_url":"https://taiz.academia.edu/EssamAlsharabi?f_ri=4523","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12574213/3587388/14170735/s65_essam.alsharabi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":411,"name":"Hydrogeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogeology?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":6593,"name":"Hydrochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrochemistry?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":15231,"name":"Yemen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Yemen?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":21724,"name":"Water Pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Pollution?f_ri=4523"},{"id":178963,"name":"Groundwater Quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Groundwater_Quality?f_ri=4523"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13876915 coauthored" data-work_id="13876915" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13876915/The_next_decade_of_environmental_science_in_South_Africa_a_horizon_scan">The next decade of environmental science in South Africa: a horizon scan</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13876915" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7e630b5b10b57e2f773d1f2bebbdce0d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44848264,"asset_id":13876915,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44848264/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNjk5Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32956976" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JGambiza">J. Gambiza</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32956976" type="text/json">{"id":32956976,"first_name":"J.","last_name":"Gambiza","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JGambiza","display_name":"J. Gambiza","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JGambiza?f_ri=4523","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-13876915">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-13876915"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/SheonaShackleton">Sheona Shackleton</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://uct.academia.edu/RachelWynberg">Rachel Wynberg</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-13876915'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-13876915').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13876915 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13876915"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13876915, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13876915", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13876915]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13876915").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13876915").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13876915"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="262" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Geography">Human Geography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="262" type="text/json">{"id":262,"name":"Human Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Geography?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="402" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science">Environmental Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="402" type="text/json">{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1512" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change">Climate Change</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1512" type="text/json">{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4523" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality">Water quality</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4523" type="text/json">{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13876915]'), work: {"id":13876915,"title":"The next decade of environmental science in South Africa: a horizon scan","created_at":"2015-07-10T03:43:01.161-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13876915/The_next_decade_of_environmental_science_in_South_Africa_a_horizon_scan?f_ri=4523","dom_id":"work_13876915","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44848264,"asset_id":13876915,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32956976,"first_name":"J.","last_name":"Gambiza","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JGambiza","display_name":"J. Gambiza","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JGambiza?f_ri=4523","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":770321,"first_name":"Sheona","last_name":"Shackleton","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SheonaShackleton","display_name":"Sheona Shackleton","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SheonaShackleton?f_ri=4523","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":33030538,"first_name":"Rachel","last_name":"Wynberg","domain_name":"uct","page_name":"RachelWynberg","display_name":"Rachel Wynberg","profile_url":"https://uct.academia.edu/RachelWynberg?f_ri=4523","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":262,"name":"Human Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Geography?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":4523,"name":"Water quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_quality?f_ri=4523","nofollow":false},{"id":38360,"name":"Food Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Security?f_ri=4523"},{"id":61866,"name":"South Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Africa?f_ri=4523"},{"id":79453,"name":"Water use efficiency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_use_efficiency?f_ri=4523"},{"id":87108,"name":"Environmental Issues","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Issues?f_ri=4523"},{"id":251111,"name":"South African","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_African?f_ri=4523"},{"id":333960,"name":"Sustainable Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Management?f_ri=4523"},{"id":622367,"name":"Water Quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Quality-1?f_ri=4523"},{"id":743999,"name":"Production System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Production_System?f_ri=4523"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24223574" data-work_id="24223574" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24223574/Do_farmers_overuse_nitrogen_fertilizer_to_the_detriment_of_the_environment">Do farmers overuse nitrogen fertilizer to the detriment of the environment?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24223574" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1d4d17e73f46e2f5138d47cac4e829cf" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44554007,"asset_id":24223574,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44554007/download_file?st=MTczMjQzNjk5Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="46680530" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KEaster1">K. Easter</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="46680530" type="text/json">{"id":46680530,"first_name":"K.","last_name":"Easter","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KEaster1","display_name":"K. 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