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Chemical Engineering Research Papers - Academia.edu

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Ormerod","profile_url":"https://keele.academia.edu/MarkOrmerod?f_ri=72","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":72,"name":"Chemical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering?f_ri=72","nofollow":false},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=72","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6488869" data-work_id="6488869" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6488869/Effect_of_Ultrasound_on_Membrane_Filtration_and_Cleaning_Operations">Effect of Ultrasound on Membrane Filtration and Cleaning Operations</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The impact of ultrasound (US) on membrane filtration and cleaning were studied and compared at various operating parameters of nominal pore sizes of 10 and 100 kDa membrane, trans-membrane pressure (TMP) of 100 and 140 kPa, and US... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_6488869" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The impact of ultrasound (US) on membrane filtration and cleaning were studied and compared at various operating parameters of nominal pore sizes of 10 and 100 kDa membrane, trans-membrane pressure (TMP) of 100 and 140 kPa, and US frequencies of 20 kHz and 40 kHz. An average of 15%–20% increase of permeability was observed when US (20 kHz) was applied to assist membrane filtration on 10 kDa membrane and 100 kPa trans-membrane pressure (TMP). However, an insignificant improvement was observed in the case of larger pore size membrane at higher TMP (140 kPa). US also augmented the membrane cleaning process effectively. Lower frequency 20 kHz US exhibited a higher flux recovery (&gt;90%) than the high frequency 40 kHz (59%) using the 10 kDa pore size membrane with US-assisted membrane cleaning. Important factors influencing optimization of US effectiveness lie heavily on its configuration and operation. The experimental results as supported with SEM images demonstrate that US-assisted filtration and cleaning are most effective when membrane pore size, US frequency, and TMP are lower.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6488869" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="88259e67dc49539100883cde0e087221" rel="nofollow" data-download="{&quot;attachment_id&quot;:48846579,&quot;asset_id&quot;:6488869,&quot;asset_type&quot;:&quot;Work&quot;,&quot;always_allow_download&quot;:false,&quot;track&quot;:null,&quot;button_location&quot;:&quot;work_strip&quot;,&quot;source&quot;:null,&quot;hide_modal&quot;:null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48846579/download_file?st=MTczMjM2ODM4Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by&nbsp;<span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="10324034" href="https://taiwan.academia.edu/YenChingLin">Yen-Ching Lin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="10324034" type="text/json">{"id":10324034,"first_name":"Yen-Ching","last_name":"Lin","domain_name":"taiwan","page_name":"YenChingLin","display_name":"Yen-Ching Lin","profile_url":"https://taiwan.academia.edu/YenChingLin?f_ri=72","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10324034/3153145/3712017/s65_yen-ching.lin.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6488869 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6488869"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6488869, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6488869", }); 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An average of 15%–20% increase of permeability was observed when US (20 kHz) was applied to assist membrane filtration on 10 kDa membrane and 100 kPa trans-membrane pressure (TMP). However, an insignificant improvement was observed in the case of larger pore size membrane at higher TMP (140 kPa). US also augmented the membrane cleaning process effectively. Lower frequency 20 kHz US exhibited a higher flux recovery (\u003e90%) than the high frequency 40 kHz (59%) using the 10 kDa pore size membrane with US-assisted membrane cleaning. Important factors influencing optimization of US effectiveness lie heavily on its configuration and operation. The experimental results as supported with SEM images demonstrate that US-assisted filtration and cleaning are most effective when membrane pore size, US frequency, and TMP are lower.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48846579,"asset_id":6488869,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":10324034,"first_name":"Yen-Ching","last_name":"Lin","domain_name":"taiwan","page_name":"YenChingLin","display_name":"Yen-Ching Lin","profile_url":"https://taiwan.academia.edu/YenChingLin?f_ri=72","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10324034/3153145/3712017/s65_yen-ching.lin.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":55,"name":"Environmental Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering?f_ri=72","nofollow":false},{"id":72,"name":"Chemical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering?f_ri=72","nofollow":false},{"id":524,"name":"Analytical 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href="https://www.academia.edu/6572244/Improved_microwave_plasma_cavity_reactor_for_diamond_synthesis_at_high_pressure_and_high_power_density">Improved microwave plasma cavity reactor for diamond synthesis at high-pressure and high power density</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6572244" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="46642eba644dcfc2bf7b261171f10dff" rel="nofollow" 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class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5249089/Effect_of_the_Addition_of_Membrane_Processed_Olive_Mill_Waste_Water_OMWW_to_Extra_Virgin_Olive_Oil">Effect of the Addition of Membrane Processed Olive Mill Waste Water (OMWW) to Extra Virgin Olive Oil</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Modern membrane technologies are useful for enhancing the concentration of phenolic antioxidants in olive mill waste water (OMWW) to produce concentrates with valuable applications in functional foods. Three types of OMWW concentrates,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5249089" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Modern membrane technologies are useful for enhancing the concentration of phenolic antioxidants in olive mill waste water (OMWW) to produce concentrates with valuable applications in functional foods. Three types of OMWW concentrates, each with different levels of solute concentration and purity, were obtained from a single OMWW batch and dissolved in two extra virgin olive oils to achieve saturated solutions. Three addition levels were considered. Accelerated aging testing of the oils was performed at 60 °C and the samples were analyzed after two, four, and 6 weeks of aging. D-optimal design was used to select the 26 experiments that allowed the evaluation of the influence of the different variables on oil stability. The addition of OMWW concentrates resulted in a significant increase in the Radical Scavenging Activity (RSA) of the olive oils. Under these mild experimental conditions, the moderate formation of fatty acid hydroperoxides was probably masked by interfering compounds.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5249089" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6ac31f92167156394e7a530acb2906cd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{&quot;attachment_id&quot;:49383170,&quot;asset_id&quot;:5249089,&quot;asset_type&quot;:&quot;Work&quot;,&quot;always_allow_download&quot;:false,&quot;track&quot;:null,&quot;button_location&quot;:&quot;work_strip&quot;,&quot;source&quot;:null,&quot;hide_modal&quot;:null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49383170/download_file?st=MTczMjM2ODM4Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by&nbsp;<span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7183337" href="https://westminster.academia.edu/RiccardoBoggia">Riccardo Boggia</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7183337" type="text/json">{"id":7183337,"first_name":"Riccardo","last_name":"Boggia","domain_name":"westminster","page_name":"RiccardoBoggia","display_name":"Riccardo Boggia","profile_url":"https://westminster.academia.edu/RiccardoBoggia?f_ri=72","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7183337/9137369/10190143/s65_riccardo.boggia.jpg_oh_bc0d65a4cbb006134c0aee26995fc986_oe_560d5cf6___gda___1440134711_8d47d6555eca0dc9e57cca1a33f514f6"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5249089 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5249089"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5249089, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5249089", }); 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Three types of OMWW concentrates, each with different levels of solute concentration and purity, were obtained from a single OMWW batch and dissolved in two extra virgin olive oils to achieve saturated solutions. Three addition levels were considered. Accelerated aging testing of the oils was performed at 60 °C and the samples were analyzed after two, four, and 6 weeks of aging. D-optimal design was used to select the 26 experiments that allowed the evaluation of the influence of the different variables on oil stability. The addition of OMWW concentrates resulted in a significant increase in the Radical Scavenging Activity (RSA) of the olive oils. Under these mild experimental conditions, the moderate formation of fatty acid hydroperoxides was probably masked by interfering compounds.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49383170,"asset_id":5249089,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7183337,"first_name":"Riccardo","last_name":"Boggia","domain_name":"westminster","page_name":"RiccardoBoggia","display_name":"Riccardo Boggia","profile_url":"https://westminster.academia.edu/RiccardoBoggia?f_ri=72","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7183337/9137369/10190143/s65_riccardo.boggia.jpg_oh_bc0d65a4cbb006134c0aee26995fc986_oe_560d5cf6___gda___1440134711_8d47d6555eca0dc9e57cca1a33f514f6"}],"research_interests":[{"id":72,"name":"Chemical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering?f_ri=72","nofollow":false},{"id":21747,"name":"Experimental Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Design?f_ri=72","nofollow":false},{"id":23572,"name":"Olive 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class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="524" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analytical_Chemistry">Analytical Chemistry</a>,&nbsp;<script data-card-contents-for-ri="524" type="text/json">{"id":524,"name":"Analytical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analytical_Chemistry?f_ri=72","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="531" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Chemistry">Organic Chemistry</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="531" type="text/json">{"id":531,"name":"Organic Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Chemistry?f_ri=72","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10297854]'), work: {"id":10297854,"title":"Investigation into the mineralogy and flotation performance of oxidised PGM 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(HDPE/iPP) blends is reported. A microcellular plastic is a foamed polymer with a cell density greater than 109... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_722119" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this paper, a study on the batch processing and characterization of microcellular foamed high-density polyethylene (HDPE/iPP) blends is reported. A microcellular plastic is a foamed polymer with a cell density greater than 109 cells/cm3 and fully grown cells smaller than 10 µm. Recent studies have shown that the morphology and crystallinity of semicrystalline polymers have a great influence on the solubility and diffusivity of the blowing agent and on the cellular structure of the resulting foam in microcellular batch processing. In this research, blends of HDPE and iPP were used to produce materials with variety of crystalline and phase morphologies to enhance the subsequent microcellular foaming. It was possible to produce much finer and more uniform foams with the blends than with neat HDPE and iPP. Moreover, the mechanical properties and in particular the impact strength of the blends were significantly improved by foaming.<br />(citation # 293)</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/722119" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="98ed1ce4b53a2d04cd122100a6a47cb6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{&quot;attachment_id&quot;:50255271,&quot;asset_id&quot;:722119,&quot;asset_type&quot;:&quot;Work&quot;,&quot;always_allow_download&quot;:false,&quot;track&quot;:null,&quot;button_location&quot;:&quot;work_strip&quot;,&quot;source&quot;:null,&quot;hide_modal&quot;:null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50255271/download_file?st=MTczMjM2ODM4Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by&nbsp;<span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="534355" href="https://utoronto.academia.edu/SaeedDoroudiani">Saeed Doroudiani, PhD, P.Eng.</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="534355" type="text/json">{"id":534355,"first_name":"Saeed","last_name":"Doroudiani, PhD, P.Eng.","domain_name":"utoronto","page_name":"SaeedDoroudiani","display_name":"Saeed Doroudiani, PhD, P.Eng.","profile_url":"https://utoronto.academia.edu/SaeedDoroudiani?f_ri=72","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/534355/7283838/8194822/s65_saeed.doroudiani.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_722119 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="722119"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 722119, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_722119", }); 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A microcellular plastic is a foamed polymer with a cell density greater than 109 cells/cm3 and fully grown cells smaller than 10 µm. Recent studies have shown that the morphology and crystallinity of semicrystalline polymers have a great influence on the solubility and diffusivity of the blowing agent and on the cellular structure of the resulting foam in microcellular batch processing. In this research, blends of HDPE and iPP were used to produce materials with variety of crystalline and phase morphologies to enhance the subsequent microcellular foaming. It was possible to produce much finer and more uniform foams with the blends than with neat HDPE and iPP. Moreover, the mechanical properties and in particular the impact strength of the blends were significantly improved by foaming.\n(citation # 293) ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50255271,"asset_id":722119,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":534355,"first_name":"Saeed","last_name":"Doroudiani, PhD, P.Eng.","domain_name":"utoronto","page_name":"SaeedDoroudiani","display_name":"Saeed Doroudiani, PhD, P.Eng.","profile_url":"https://utoronto.academia.edu/SaeedDoroudiani?f_ri=72","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/534355/7283838/8194822/s65_saeed.doroudiani.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":72,"name":"Chemical 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foams","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microcellular_foams?f_ri=72"},{"id":168694,"name":"Polyethylene","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polyethylene?f_ri=72"},{"id":168695,"name":"Polypropylene","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polypropylene?f_ri=72"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_66444339" data-work_id="66444339" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/66444339/Microgreen_nutrition_food_safety_and_shelf_life_A_review">Microgreen nutrition, food safety, and shelf life: A review</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a 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u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25758043/Effect_of_Silicon_on_the_Desulfurization_of_Al_Killed_Steels_Part_I_Mathematical_Model">Effect of Silicon on the Desulfurization of Al-Killed Steels: Part I. Mathematical Model</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25758043" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c8210eb6419543f9c7ce2238f5942893" rel="nofollow" data-download="{&quot;attachment_id&quot;:46114474,&quot;asset_id&quot;:25758043,&quot;asset_type&quot;:&quot;Work&quot;,&quot;always_allow_download&quot;:false,&quot;track&quot;:null,&quot;button_location&quot;:&quot;work_strip&quot;,&quot;source&quot;:null,&quot;hide_modal&quot;:null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46114474/download_file?st=MTczMjM2ODM4Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by&nbsp;<span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="49496319" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PPistorius">Petrus Pistorius</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="49496319" type="text/json">{"id":49496319,"first_name":"Petrus","last_name":"Pistorius","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PPistorius","display_name":"Petrus Pistorius","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PPistorius?f_ri=72","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_25758043 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="25758043"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 25758043, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_25758043", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_25758043 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 25758043; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_25758043"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_25758043 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="25758043"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 25758043; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=25758043]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_25758043").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_25758043").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="25758043"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="72" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering">Chemical Engineering</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="72" type="text/json">{"id":72,"name":"Chemical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering?f_ri=72","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=25758043]'), work: {"id":25758043,"title":"Effect of Silicon on the Desulfurization of Al-Killed Steels: Part I. 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Under this expectation, an intended... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36222497" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">AbstrAct It is a current concern in the wood preservation field to avoid the use of toxic chemicals and develop new technologies based on low environmental impact agents and sustainable principles. Under this expectation, an intended state-of-the-art is introduced on the application of natural products such as traditional tar and wood oils as well as tannins and plant extracts. A particular revision to heartwood chemical components is offered. The combined methods of using natural and chemical components are reviewed, considering as outstanding the mixtures of natural organic constituents with cooper and boron salts that seem to be under encouraging experimentation. Fungicides and anti-termite applications are commented as well the leaching problem of inorganic salts. Chemical modification of wood structure through the formation of adducts and the treatment with nanomaterials are promising tools that will change the actual view and performance of wood preservation techniques. resumen Una de las prioridades actuales en el campo de la preservación de madera es evitar el uso de materiales tóxicos, desarrollando nuevas tecnologías fundamentadas en principios sustentables y empleando agentes de bajo impacto ambiental. Con esta expectativa se plantea una revisión del estado del arte sobre la aplicación de productos naturales, tales como taninos, alquitrán, aceites y extractos vegetales. Se presenta en particular una revisión sobre los componentes químicos contenidos en el duramen de maderas naturalmente resistentes. Se analizan los métodos combinados de ingredientes naturales y químicos, resaltando las mezclas de componentes naturales orgánicos con sales de cobre y boro que parecen representar una opción experimental confiable. Se comentan también las aplicaciones fungicidas y anti termitas, así como los problemas de lixiviación de sales inorgánicas. Opciones como la modificación química de la madera vía la formación de aductos y por tratamiento con nanomateriales son procesos promisorios que cambiaran eventualmente la manera de ver y aplicar la tecnología actual de preservación de maderas.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36222497" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4e5b50bbd3d727f1023a8a226b798f06" rel="nofollow" data-download="{&quot;attachment_id&quot;:56125275,&quot;asset_id&quot;:36222497,&quot;asset_type&quot;:&quot;Work&quot;,&quot;always_allow_download&quot;:false,&quot;track&quot;:null,&quot;button_location&quot;:&quot;work_strip&quot;,&quot;source&quot;:null,&quot;hide_modal&quot;:null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56125275/download_file?st=MTczMjM2ODM4Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by&nbsp;<span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5415159" href="https://itdurango.academia.edu/RubenGonzalez">Ruben Gonzalez</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5415159" type="text/json">{"id":5415159,"first_name":"Ruben","last_name":"Gonzalez","domain_name":"itdurango","page_name":"RubenGonzalez","display_name":"Ruben Gonzalez","profile_url":"https://itdurango.academia.edu/RubenGonzalez?f_ri=72","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36222497 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36222497"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36222497, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36222497", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36222497]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36222497").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36222497").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36222497"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;</div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="72" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering">Chemical Engineering</a>,&nbsp;<script data-card-contents-for-ri="72" type="text/json">{"id":72,"name":"Chemical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering?f_ri=72","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="145" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry">Biochemistry</a>,&nbsp;<script data-card-contents-for-ri="145" type="text/json">{"id":145,"name":"Biochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry?f_ri=72","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4553" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toxicology">Toxicology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4553" type="text/json">{"id":4553,"name":"Toxicology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toxicology?f_ri=72","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36222497]'), work: {"id":36222497,"title":"Wood preservation using natural products Preservación de la madera usando productos naturales","created_at":"2018-03-21T14:43:55.757-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36222497/Wood_preservation_using_natural_products_Preservaci%C3%B3n_de_la_madera_usando_productos_naturales?f_ri=72","dom_id":"work_36222497","summary":"AbstrAct It is a current concern in the wood preservation field to avoid the use of toxic chemicals and develop new technologies based on low environmental impact agents and sustainable principles. Under this expectation, an intended state-of-the-art is introduced on the application of natural products such as traditional tar and wood oils as well as tannins and plant extracts. A particular revision to heartwood chemical components is offered. The combined methods of using natural and chemical components are reviewed, considering as outstanding the mixtures of natural organic constituents with cooper and boron salts that seem to be under encouraging experimentation. Fungicides and anti-termite applications are commented as well the leaching problem of inorganic salts. Chemical modification of wood structure through the formation of adducts and the treatment with nanomaterials are promising tools that will change the actual view and performance of wood preservation techniques. resumen Una de las prioridades actuales en el campo de la preservación de madera es evitar el uso de materiales tóxicos, desarrollando nuevas tecnologías fundamentadas en principios sustentables y empleando agentes de bajo impacto ambiental. Con esta expectativa se plantea una revisión del estado del arte sobre la aplicación de productos naturales, tales como taninos, alquitrán, aceites y extractos vegetales. Se presenta en particular una revisión sobre los componentes químicos contenidos en el duramen de maderas naturalmente resistentes. Se analizan los métodos combinados de ingredientes naturales y químicos, resaltando las mezclas de componentes naturales orgánicos con sales de cobre y boro que parecen representar una opción experimental confiable. Se comentan también las aplicaciones fungicidas y anti termitas, así como los problemas de lixiviación de sales inorgánicas. Opciones como la modificación química de la madera vía la formación de aductos y por tratamiento con nanomateriales son procesos promisorios que cambiaran eventualmente la manera de ver y aplicar la tecnología actual de preservación de maderas.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56125275,"asset_id":36222497,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5415159,"first_name":"Ruben","last_name":"Gonzalez","domain_name":"itdurango","page_name":"RubenGonzalez","display_name":"Ruben Gonzalez","profile_url":"https://itdurango.academia.edu/RubenGonzalez?f_ri=72","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":72,"name":"Chemical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering?f_ri=72","nofollow":false},{"id":145,"name":"Biochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry?f_ri=72","nofollow":false},{"id":4553,"name":"Toxicology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toxicology?f_ri=72","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_71259854" data-work_id="71259854" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/71259854/Performance_and_membrane_fouling_of_two_types_of_laboratory_scale_submerged_membrane_bioreactors_for_hospital_wastewater_treatment_at_low_flux_condition">Performance and membrane fouling of two types of laboratory-scale submerged membrane bioreactors for hospital wastewater treatment at low flux condition</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/71259854" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="069e18c9d34330d1d6e8e092fe981bed" rel="nofollow" data-download="{&quot;attachment_id&quot;:80681654,&quot;asset_id&quot;:71259854,&quot;asset_type&quot;:&quot;Work&quot;,&quot;always_allow_download&quot;:false,&quot;track&quot;:null,&quot;button_location&quot;:&quot;work_strip&quot;,&quot;source&quot;:null,&quot;hide_modal&quot;:null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80681654/download_file?st=MTczMjM2ODM4Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by&nbsp;<span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="47386256" href="https://independent.academia.edu/%C4%91%E1%BA%A1tnguy%E1%BB%85n23">đạt nguyễn</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="47386256" type="text/json">{"id":47386256,"first_name":"đạt","last_name":"nguyễn","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"đạtnguyễn23","display_name":"đạt nguyễn","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/%C4%91%E1%BA%A1tnguy%E1%BB%85n23?f_ri=72","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/47386256/12658535/14081308/s65__t.nguy_n.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_71259854 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="71259854"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 71259854, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_71259854", }); 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Morrow, 1991,449 +viii pages, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York. ISBN: 0-8247-8385-9. 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